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Abdulmalek SA, Balbaa M. Synergistic effect of nano-selenium and metformin on type 2 diabetic rat model: Diabetic complications alleviation through insulin sensitivity, oxidative mediators and inflammatory markers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220779. [PMID: 31442295 PMCID: PMC6707613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the present article, we explore a novel strategy of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by investigating the effect of Se-NPs alone and in combination with standard anti-diabetic drug metformin (MET) in high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2DM. METHODS HFD was supplemented daily to experimental rats for 8 weeks, followed by a single low dose injection of 35 mg/kg of STZ to induce T2DM. The synergistic effect of the different therapeutic strategies on diabetic complications was evaluated after the Se-NPs and MET administration for 8 weeks. Molecular and biochemical analyses were conducted to figure out the effectiveness of our treatment on insulin sensitivity, oxidative mediators and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Our observations demonstrated that HFD/STZ-induced rats have a toxic effect on serum and hepatic tissues resulted in inducing remarkable oxidative damage and hyper-inflammation with a significant disturbance in the insulin signaling pathway. Experimental animals either treated with mono-therapeutic-two doses Se-NPs (0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg) and/or MET (100 mg/kg) alone as well as the combined therapy resulted in a remarkable protective anti-diabetic effect illustrated by significant decreases in fasting blood glucose and insulin levels after 8 weeks treatment. At the same time, the levels of active insulin signaling proteins pIRS1/pAKT/pGSK-3β/pAMPK were significantly improved. Moreover, Se-NPs exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by the mitigation of cytokine expression and a balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant status was restored. Furthermore, the anti-diabetic drug MET administration also exhibited a significant improvement in diabetic complications after the treatment period. CONCLUSION This study provides mightily the mechanism of action of combined Se-NPs and MET as a promising therapeutic alternative that synergistically alleviates most of diabetic complications and insulin resistance.
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Darazy M, Balbaa M, Mugharbil A, Saeed H, Sidani H, Abdel-Razzak Z. CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to colorectal and gastric cancer among Lebanese. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:423-9. [PMID: 21385088 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens can significantly affect the risk of cell transformation and cancer development. The resident Lebanese population has experienced a sharp increase in cancer incidence within the last few years. The relationship between gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer incidence was not previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms and GI cancer incidence among Lebanese. Blood and/or paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were collected from patients and healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of the present case-control study show that the studied Lebanese population generally resembles Caucasian populations with respect to the considered polymorphisms. Further, the GSTM1*0/*0 genotype is a significant risk factor for gastric (odds ratio = 4.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-14.5) and colorectal cancers (odds ratio = 3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-8.5); on the other hand, CYP1A1*2A and CYP2E1*6 alone are not significantly associated with GI cancer development, although CYP1A1*2A was more frequent among patients. A remarkable and statistically significant 36.5-fold increase in the risk of gastric cancer was observed among patients with CYP1A1*2A/*2A combined with GSTM1*0/*0. The investigation of genetic risk factors and susceptibility gene polymorphisms in Lebanese is helpful for better understanding of GI cancer etiology.
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Balba M, El-Hady NA, Taha N, Rezki N, El Ashry ESH. Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase by diaryl derivatives of imidazole-thione and 1,2,4-triazole-thiol. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2596-601. [PMID: 21497424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
The in vivo and in vitro effects of 4,5-diphenylimidazole-2-thione (1), 4,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (2) and 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (3) on α-glucosidase and α-amylase were investigated. The in vivo inhibition has been found to be dose-dependent and to occur at a value less than LD50. The in vitro treatment of the enzymes by 4,5-diphenylimidazole-2-thione exhibited a reversible inhibition of the non-competitive type with Ki value of 3.5 and 6.5×10(-5) M for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. 4,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione showed a reversible inhibition of the competitive and non-competitive types, with Ki value of 10(-5) M magnitude, for α-glucosidase and α-amylase. On the other hand, 5-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione did not display an inhibitory effect towards α-amylase but showed a potent inhibition of the competitive type for hepatic α-glucosidase with 10(-5) M magnitude of Ki value.
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Balbaa M, Abdulmalek SA, Khalil S. Oxidative stress and expression of insulin signaling proteins in the brain of diabetic rats: Role of Nigella sativa oil and antidiabetic drugs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172429. [PMID: 28505155 PMCID: PMC5432169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Insulin resistance of the brain is a specific form of type2-diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the active insulin-signaling pathway plays a neuroprotective role against damaging conditions and Alzheimer's progression. The present study identifies the mediated emerging effects of the Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on the memory enhancing process, its anti-oxidative, acetylcholinestrase (AChE) inhibition, anti-brain insulin resistance and anti-amyloidogenic activities. In addition, the possible role of some anti-diabetic drugs in the neuro-protection processes and their effect in combination with NSO and/or the insulin receptor inhibitor IOMe-AG538 were investigated. METHODS T2DM-induced rats were orally and daily administrated 2.0 ml NSO, 100 mg metformin (MT), 0.8 mg glimepiride (GI) and different combinations (100 mg MT & 2.0 ml NSO, 0.8 mg GI & 2.0 ml NSO and 2.0 ml NSO & intraperitoneal injection of 1/100 LD50 of IOMe-AG538) per kg body weight for 21 days. RESULTS A significant increase in the brain lipid peroxidation and decrease in the antioxidant status with peripheral and central production of pro-inflammatory mediators were observed in diabetes-induced rats. The brain AChE was activated and associated with diminished brain glucose level and cholinergic function. In addition, the brain insulin resistance and the attenuated insulin signaling pathway (p-IRS/ p-AKT/p-GSK-3β) were accompanied by an augmentation in GSK-3β level, which in turn may contribute in the extensive alterations of Tau phosphorylation along with changes in PP2A level. Furthermore, neuronal loss and elevation in Aβ-42 plaque formation were observed due to a low IDE formation and an increased expression of p53, BACE1 and APP with diminished ADAM10, SIRT1 and BDNF levels. The expression profile of AD-related miRNAs in sera and brain tissues displayed its neuro-protection role. The treatment of diabetes-induced rats with NSO and the anti-diabetic drugs alone and/or in combination have the potential to suppress the oxidative stress, the pro-inflammatory mediators and amyloidogenic pathway. Moreover, it lowers the insulin receptor inhibitory effect of IOMe-AG538 and modifies the insulin-signaling pathway. Therefore, it prevents the neurotoxicity, amyloid plaque formation and Tau hyper-phosphorylation and restores AD-related miRNA normal levels. CONCLUSION These data suggest that NSO or its combined treatments with anti-diabetic drugs have a possible benefit as disease modifying agents for the insulin resistance in the brain through enhancing brain insulin signaling pathway.
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Balbaa M, El-Zeftawy M, Ghareeb D, Taha N, Mandour AW. Nigella sativa Relieves the Altered Insulin Receptor Signaling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2492107. [PMID: 27579151 PMCID: PMC4989085 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2492107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
The black cumin (Nigella sativa) "NS" or the black seeds have many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic properties. In this work, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with a high-fat diet were treated daily with NS oil (NSO) in order to study the effect on the blood glucose, lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters, and the gene expression of some insulin receptor-induced signaling molecules. This treatment was combined also with some drugs (metformin and glimepiride) and the insulin receptor inhibitor I-OMe-AG538. The administration of NSO significantly induced the gene expression of insulin receptor compared to rats that did not receive NSO. Also, it upregulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and phosphoinositide-3 kinase, whereas the expression of ADAM-17 was downregulated. The expression of ADAM-17 is corroborated by the analysis of TIMP-3 content. In addition, the NSO significantly reduced blood glucose level, components of the lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters, serum insulin/insulin receptor ratio, and the tumor necrosis factor-α, confirming that NSO has an antidiabetic activity. Thus, the daily NSO treatment in our rat model indicates that NSO has a potential in the management of diabetes as well as improvement of insulin-induced signaling.
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Abdulmalek S, Eldala A, Awad D, Balbaa M. Ameliorative effect of curcumin and zinc oxide nanoparticles on multiple mechanisms in obese rats with induced type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20677. [PMID: 34667196 PMCID: PMC8526574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic effect of synthesized naturally compounds, curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) and metal oxide, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on a high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hepatic and pancreatic pathophysiology in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via measuring AKT pathway and MAPK pathway. T2DM rats were intraperitoneally injected with a low dose of 35 mg/kg STZ after being fed by HFD for 8 weeks. Then the rats have orally received treatments for 6 weeks. HFD/STZ-induced hepatic inflammation, reflected by increased phosphorylation of p38-MAPK pathway's molecules, was significantly decreased after nanoparticle supplementation. In addition, both nanoparticles significantly alleviated the decreased phosphorylation of AKT pathway. Further, administration of ZnONPs, CurNPs, conventional curcumin, and ZnSO4 (zinc sulfate), as well as metformin, effectively counteracted diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the internal hepatic and pancreatic tissues. Based on the results of the current study, ZnONPs and CurNPs could be explored as a therapeutic adjuvant against complications associated with T2DM. Both nanoparticles could effectively delay the progression of several complications by activating AKT pathway and down-regulating MAPK pathway. Our findings may provide an experimental basis for the application of nanoparticles in the treatment of T2DM with low toxicity.
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Sheweita SA, El Banna YY, Balbaa M, Abdullah IA, Hassan HE. N-nitrosamines induced infertility and hepatotoxicity in male rabbits. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2212-2220. [PMID: 28573719 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
N-nitrosamines are widely spread environmental pollutants of well-known toxicity and carcinogenicity in various animal species. These compounds are metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 system predominantly in the liver and in other tissues into more active metabolites leading to generation of both alkylating agents that alkylate DNA and reactive oxygen species. In the current study, we investigated the influence of four types of N-nitrosamines that are commonly present in the environment [methyethylnitrosamine, (MEN), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), diphenylnitroasamine (DPN) and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)] on both livers and testes of male rabbits through assessment of 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 β-HSD) activity. The protein expression of the three cytochrome P450s (CYP11A1, CYP19A1, and CYP21A2) is involved in the steroidogenesis. The levels of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were also determined in the plasma of N-nitrosamines-treated rabbits after one, four-, eight- and twelve weeks of treatment of male New Zealand rabbits with an oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg B.W/day of each compound. In addition, activities of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and levels of free radicals measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) level were quantified in both livers and testes. The present study showed that levels of free radicals (TBARS) were markedly increased, whereas GSH levels were depleted in the tissues of both livers and testes after treatment of rabbits with any of N-nitrosamines. In addition, all tested N-nitrosamines inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzyme activities (GR, GST, SOD, and CAT) in hepatic and testicular tissues of rabbits after 12 weeks of treatment. Histopathological examination showed that N-nitrosamines caused lymphocytic infiltration with vascular degeneration and necrosis, congestion of central vein with RBCs hemolysis, dilated sinusoids, as well as fibrosis around portal areas were seen in hepatic tissues. In the testes, histopathological examination displayed disorganized seminiferous tubules with degeneration of germinal epithelium and Sertoli cells. Also, spermatogenic cells had pyknotic nuclei and others were detached from basement membranes of seminiferous tubules, edema was seen between seminiferous tubules. Moreover, the present data showed that MEN and DEN down-regulated the protein expression of both CYP19A1 and 21A2 in both livers and testes of male rabbits. In addition, both MEN and DEN decreased levels of testosterone and estradiol in plasma of treated rabbits. On the one hand, DMN and DPN markedly up-regulated the protein expression of CYP19A1 in both hepatic and testicular tissues of treated rabbits. These compounds potentially increased estradiol and decreased testosterone levels. On the other hand, no correlation was found between the expression of CYP11A1 and levels of both testosterone and estradiol. It is concluded that most of tested N-nitrosamines induce different changes, which could be a new mechanism of infertility due to exposure to N-nitrosamines from different environmental sources.
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Shahin YR, Elguindy NM, Abdel Bary A, Balbaa M. The protective mechanism of Nigella sativa against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma through its antioxidant effect and EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:885-898. [PMID: 29923357 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
A wide variety of natural products have powerful chemopreventive effects due to their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-inflammatory activities that enable them to arrest cell proliferation in several cancer models. In the present study, we shed light on the protective mechanism of Nigella sativa extract against diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced preneoplastic stage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. We studied the extract effect on EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway as one of the major signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation during hepatocarcinogenesis as well as the investigation of its antioxidant activity. The study also compared the effects of NSEE to those of (thymoquinone) TQ and silymarin as hepatoprotective substances. Rats received daily doses of NSEE (150, 250, 350 mg/kg BW), a dose per three alternative days/week of TQ (20 mg/kg BW) and a daily dose of silymarin (100 mg/kg BW). The doses were administered orally by gavage for 12 days before DENA and CCl4 administration, and then the supply of NSEE, TQ or silymarin was continued until the end of the experiment (16 weeks). DENA administration activated EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling and caused a significant increase in P-EGFR and P-ERK1/2 as well as a significant up-regulation of expression of target genes such as PCNA, c-fos and Bcl2, which indicated the increase in cell proliferation. Furthermore, a significant elevation in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and hepatic enzymes was observed in DENA-treated rats in addition to a decrease in the antioxidant status. The protection with NSEE, TQ, or silymarin has the potential to inhibit the EGFR/ERK1/2 activation and improve the antioxidant status. Moreover, the action of NSEE against the hepatocarcinogenesis was supported by high antioxidant activity and the histopathological observations of the liver. These data suggest that NSEE has a chemopreventive role in DENA-induced HCC through the inhibition of the EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway and their target genes in addition to its role as an antioxidant.
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Eissa S, Swellam M, Amin A, Balbaa ME, Yacout GA, El-Zayat TM. The clinical relevance of urine-based markers for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Med Oncol 2011; 28:513-8. [PMID: 21437743 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic relevance of urinary fibronectin (FN), telomerase (RTA), and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) mRNA in comparison with voided urine cytology (VUC). The study included 132 patients with bladder cancer, 60 patients with benign bladder lesions, and 48 healthy individuals. All were subjected to urine cytology, estimation of fibronectin by ELISA, RTA by TRAP, and CK20 mRNA by conventional RT-PCR in urothelial cells from voided urine. The best cutoff point for FN was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (41.7 ng/mg protein) revealed the highest sensitivity for malignant (80%) followed by the benign (70%) than the healthy individuals (4.1%) at P < 0.001. Also, RTA and VUC showed significant difference among the three investigated groups (P < 0.001). The overall sensitivity (89.3%) and specificity (98.4%) were the highest for CK20 mRNA. Combined sensitivity of VUC with FN, RTA, and CK20 mRNA together (98.4%) was higher than either the combined sensitivity of VUC with any of them or than that of the biomarker alone. Accordingly, when the diagnostic efficacy was considered, CK20 mRNA had the highest sensitivity and specificity compared to all investigated markers.
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Balbaa M, Mansour H, El-Sawy H, El-Ashry ESH. Inhibition of some hepatic glycosidases by the diseco nucleoside, 4-amino-3-(D-glucopentitol-1-yl)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and its 3-methyl analog. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2002; 21:695-708. [PMID: 12502284 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120015726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
The in vivo and in vitro effects of 4-amino-3-(D-glucopentitol-1-yl)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and its 3-methyl analogue on alpha- and beta-glucosidases, beta-glucuronidase as well as alpha-amylase have been investigated. alpha-Glucosidase is the enzyme that is markedly affected in vivo and in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The compounds showed a reversible inhibition of a competitive type for alpha-glucosidase. Moreover, they exert a relatively potent inhibition on alpha-glucosidase with a Ki magnitude of 3.6 x 10(-4), 9.5 x 10(-5) M.
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Abdulmalek S, Nasef M, Awad D, Balbaa M. Protective Effect of Natural Antioxidant, Curcumin Nanoparticles, and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Type 2 Diabetes-Promoted Hippocampal Neurotoxicity in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111937. [PMID: 34834352 PMCID: PMC8621156 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological findings have repeatedly established associations between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease. Targeting different pathways in the brain with T2DM-therapy offers a novel and appealing strategy to treat diabetes-related neuronal alterations. Therefore, here we investigated the capability of a natural compound, curcumin nanoparticle (CurNP), and a biomedical metal, zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnONP), to alleviate hippocampal modifications in T2DM-induced rats. The diabetes model was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Then model groups were treated orally with curcumin, zinc sulfate, two doses of CurNP and ZnONP, as well as metformin, for six weeks. HFD/STZ-induced rats exhibited numerous biochemical and molecular changes besides behavioral impairment. Compared with model rats, CurNP and ZnONP boosted learning and memory function, improved redox and inflammation status, lowered Bax, and upregulated Bcl2 expressions in the hippocampus. In addition, the phosphorylation level of the MAPK/ERK pathway was downregulated significantly. The expression of amyloidogenic-related genes and amyloid-beta accumulation, along with tau hyperphosphorylation, were lessened considerably. In addition, both nanoparticles significantly improved histological lesions in the hippocampus. Based on our findings, CurNP and ZnONP appear to be potential neuroprotective agents to mitigate diabetic complications-associated hippocampal toxicity.
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Balbaa M, Honke K, Makita A. Regulation of glycolipid sulfotransferase by tyrosine kinases in human renal cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1299:141-5. [PMID: 8555246 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(95)00193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Glycolipid sulfotransferase activity in a human renal cancer cell line, SMKT-R3, is enhanced by the action of growth factors such as EGF, TGF-alpha and HGF, whose receptors possess tyrosine kinase domains. We investigated whether tyrosine kinases are involved in the regulation of the sulfotransferase in the cells by using specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Genistein and tyrphostin 51 not only cancelled the enhancement of the sulfotransferase by EGF but also reduced the enzyme level to a point much lower than that seen in non-treated cells, whereas they did not affect the sulfotransferase activity in vitro. The activity-reducing effects of genistein were dose- and time-dependent. Genistein also inhibited the cell growth of SMKT-R3 cells. Western blotting using anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody revealed a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein with an apparent molecular mass of 116 kDa in the non-treated cells. The EGF receptor was tyrosine-phosphorylated by the addition of EGF. The phosphorylations of the 116 kDa protein and EGF receptor were attenuated by co-incubation with genistein. These results indicate that tyrosine kinases including the EGF receptor are involved in the growth of SMKT-R3 cells and in the regulatory mechanisms of glycolipid sulfotransferase in the cells.
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Samarji R, Balbaa M. Anti-diabetic activity of different oils through their effect on arylsulfatases. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:116. [PMID: 25516848 PMCID: PMC4267437 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by the overproduction of the reactive oxygen species which affects the integrity of the lysosomal membrane affecting lysosomal enzymes. The effect of these species is blocked by some natural products as antioxidants. In the current study, groups of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated by Nigella sativa (NS), olive and canola oils and subjected to the study of arylsulfatases as a model of lysosomal enzymes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of STZ-induced diabetes on arylsulfatases in presence and absence of NS, olive and canola oils. METHODS Different groups of rats were induced by STZ, treated with different oils and compared to their corresponding control group. All groups were subjected for the assays of blood glucose, insulin, catalase and arylsulfatases. A comparative kinetic study of arylsulfatses was performed to detect the alteration of catalytic characterization. RESULTS The results demonstrated that diabetes causes a significant elevation in the level of hepatic arylsulfatase B and a significant reduction of hepatic catalase as an antioxidant enzyme. NS and olive oils returned catalase and arylsulfatase B activities back near to normal by fixing their catalytic properties. Furthermore, the maximum velocity of arylsulfatases A and B was significantly elevated in the induced diabetes, whereas their Km values were significantly changed. The treatment of diabetic rats by NS and olive oils reduced the degree of significance. CONCLUSION Diabetes induces significant alterations of the catalytic characters of arylsulfatases and some oils decrease this alteration through an antioxidant-mediated effect.
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Sheweita SA, Meftah AA, Sheweita MS, Balbaa ME. Erectile dysfunction drugs altered the activities of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and the protein expressions of some cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in the steroidogenesis of steroid hormones. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241509. [PMID: 33166302 PMCID: PMC7652355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infertility is a global health problem with about 15 percent of couples involved. About half of the cases of infertility are related to male-related factors. A major cause of infertility in men is oxidative stress, which refers to an imbalance between levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Erectile dysfunction drugs (EDD), known as phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs), have been used for the treatment of ED. It has been shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of erectile dysfunction. Oxidative stress can be alleviated or decreased by non-antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. The present study was undertaken to determine if these compounds could have a role in the incidence of infertility, especially after long-term use. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of EDD on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, free radical levels as well as the protein expression of different cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in the steroidogenesis of different hormones. In addition, the activity of both 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17-ketosteroid reductase were assayed. The architectures of both livers and testes cells were investigated under the influence of EDD. METHODS A daily dose of Sildenafil (1.48 mg/kg), Tadalafil (0.285 mg/kg) and Vardenafil (0.285 mg/kg) were administered orally to male rabbits for 12 week. Western immunoblotting, ELISA, spectrophotometric and histopathological techniques were used in this study. RESULTS The present study showed that Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil treatments significantly decreased the levels of glutathione and free radicals in both livers and testes of rabbits. Also, Vardenafil and Sildenafil induced the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase whereas, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase activities inhibited in livers of rabbits. The protein expression of cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYP 11A1, 21A2, and 19C) which are involved in the steroidogenesis was markedly changed in both livers and testes of rabbits after their treatments for 12 weeks. After the treatment of rabbits with these medication, the protein expression of CYP11A1 was slightly down-regulated in both livers and testes except Sildenafil up-regulated such protein expression. In addition, the protein expressions of CYP11A1 and CYP 19C in both livers and testes were down-regulated after treatment of rabbits with Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil for 12 weeks. Also, these drugs inhibited the activity of both 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17-ketosteroid reductase in testes of rabbits. Moreover, Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil-treated rabbits showed a decrease in spermatocytes and the number of sperms in the testes. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that ED drugs induced the activities of both SOD and catalase which consequently decreased MDA level. Decrement in MDA levels and oxidative stress could therefore sustain the erection for a long period of time. On the other hand, it is not advised to use these drugs for a long-term since the protein expressions of CYP isozymes involved in steroidogenesis as well as the numbers of spermatocytes in testes were decreased.
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Balbaa M, Cunningham A, Hofmann T. Secondary substrate binding in aspartic proteinases: contributions of subsites S3 and S'2 to kcat. Arch Biochem Biophys 1993; 306:297-303. [PMID: 8215428 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1993.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
The kinetic parameters kcat and Km were determined at 25 degrees C and pH 5.5 for endothiapepsin and rhizopuspepsin acting on the series of substrates Ac-Ala(m)-Lys-Nph-Ala(n)-amide where Nph is p-nitrophenylalanine, and m and n equal 0-4. Kinetic parameters were also determined at 25 degrees C and pH 3.5 for pig pepsin acting on the series of substrates Ac-Ala(m)-Phe-Nph-Argn-Ala(n)-amide, where m equals 0 to 2 and n equals 0 or 1, and another series based on -Ile-Glu-Phe-Nph-Arg-, which is the core of a series of peptides designed by Dunn et al. (1986, Biochem. J. 237, 899-906). Km values were found to be largely independent of increases in the chain length of the substrates whereas kcat values showed large increases with increasing chain length. With endothiapepsin and rhizopuspepsin the largest increases (between 13-fold and over 150-fold) were obtained when alanine residues were added in positions P3 and P'2 and thus are similar to those observed previously with penicillopepsin. Additions of alanines to positions P2, P'3, and P'4 gave much smaller increases. In the case of pig pepsin the results were not as clearcut. Whereas the largest increases were seen for positions P3 and P'2 only with some of the peptides, the increases were strongly dependent on the length of the peptides. With some of the longer peptides the increases were comparable to those seen for positions P2 and P'3. Thus, whereas the addition of two alanines in position P3 to the dipeptide Ac-Phe-Nph-amide caused a large proportional increase in kcat, the increase was much smaller when the addition was made to the homologous tetrapeptide and even smaller when made to the pentapeptide Ac-Ala-Phe-Nph-Arg-Ala-amide. Additions of arginine in position P'2 gave large increases in kcat for all three peptides of the series.
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Shehata F, Abdel Monem N, Sakr M, Kasem S, Balbaa M. Epidermal growth factor, its receptor and transforming growth factor-β1 in the diagnosis of HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Oncol 2013; 30:673. [PMID: 23912699 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
In this article, we present a study on the levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), its phosphorylated receptor (p-EGFR) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. The results reveal significant higher serum levels of EGF and TGF-β1 in patients with HCC compared to their level in patients with CHC infection and control subjects. The levels of p-EGFR in HCC and CHC patients show a highly significant difference between patients. Based on the best cutoff value of 914 pg/ml, EGF shows 63.3 % sensitivity and 87.5 % specificity for HCC patients where the area under the curve is 0.81. The p-EGFR shows sensitivity of 63.3 % and specificity of 100 % where the area under the curve is 0.87 for HCC patients based on the best cutoff value of 39 U/mg protein. The best cutoff value (370 pg/ml) for serum TGF-β1 displays sensitivity of 86.7 % and specificity of 100 %, where the area under the curve is 0.97 for HCC patients.
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Balbaa M, Abdel-Hady N, el-Rashidy F, Awad L, el-Ashry el-S H, Schmidt RR. Inhibition of some hepatic lysosomal glycosidases by ethanolamines and phenyl 6-deoxy-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Carbohydr Res 1999; 317:100-9. [PMID: 10466209 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
The hepatic lysosomal glycosidases alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase were inhibited in vitro and in vivo by mono- and diethanolamines. The in vivo inhibition is dose dependent and occurs at a value less than LD50. Phenyl 6-deoxy-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside inhibited alpha-glucosidase both in vitro and in vivo. The treatment of the enzymes in vitro by ethanolamine exhibited a reversible inhibition of the mixed and competitive types for alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase, respectively. Diethanolamine showed a reversible inhibition of the competitive type for both enzymes. It is a potent inhibitor for beta-glucuronidase, in vitro, whose inhibition constant (Ki) is 5 x 10(-5) M. Phenyl 6-deoxy-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a potent inhibitor only for hepatic alpha-glucosidase with a Ki value of 1.6 x 10(-5) M. The pattern of the pH dependence of enzymic activity was not affected by ethanolamine inhibition. The magnitude of the inhibition of enzymes is dependent on the structure of the inhibitor.
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El Ashry ESH, Farahat MM, Awad LF, Balbaa M, Yusef H, Badawy ME, Abd Al Moaty MN. New 4-(arylidene)amino-1,2,4-traizole-5-thiol derivatives and their acyclo thioglycosides as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and molecular modelling studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
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Balbaa M, El-Kersh M, Mansour H, Yacout G, Ismail M, Malky A, Bassiouny K, Abdel-Monem N, Kandeel K. Activity of some hepatic enzymes in schistosomiasis and concomitant alteration of arylsulfatase B. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 37:223-8. [PMID: 15469699 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2004.37.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
The levels of arylsulfatases A and B, alpha-amylase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were investigated during the infection of mice with schistosoma mansoni. This infection caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the activity of hepatic arylsulfatase B (ASB), aspartate transcarbamylases and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. A non-significant difference occurred for alpha-amylase (p < 0.3) and arylsulfatase A (p > 0.5) when compared to the control. The specific activity of hepatic ASB was progressively increased with the progression of the Schistosoma-infection. Moreover, the kinetic studies of hepatic ASB in Schistosoma-infection showed that a slight decrease in the value of K(m) and about a 40% increase in V(max) when compared to the control. In addition, the pH optimum of hepatic ASB was altered from 6 to 7 as a result of schistosomiasis. These observations suggest that there are schistosomiasis-associated changes of the catalytic and kinetic properties of hepatic ASB.
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Abdulmalek S, Mostafa N, Gomaa M, El‑Kersh M, Elkady AI, Balbaa M. Bee venom-loaded EGFR-targeting peptide-coupled chitosan nanoparticles for effective therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting EGFR-mediated MEK/ERK pathway. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272776. [PMID: 35947632 PMCID: PMC9365195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world's most risky diseases due to the lack of clear and cost-effective therapeutic targets. Currently, the toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutic medications and the development of multidrug resistance is driving research into targeted therapies. The nano-biomedical field's potential for developing an effective therapeutic nano-sized drug delivery system is viewed as a significant pharmaceutical trend for the encapsulation and release of numerous anticancer therapies. In this regard, current research is centered on the creation of biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) for the selective and sustained release of bee venom into liver cancer cells. Furthermore, surface modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and GE11 peptide-conjugated bee venom-CSNPs allows for the targeting of EGFR-overexpressed liver cancer cells. A series of in vitro and in vivo cellular analyses were used to investigate the antitumor effects and mechanisms of targeted bee venom-CSNPs. Targeted bee venom-CSNPs, in particular, were found to have higher cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells than SMMC-7721 cells, as well as stronger cellular uptake and a substantial reduction in cell migration, leading to improved cancer suppression. It also promotes cancer cell death in EGFR overexpressed HepG2 cells by boosting reactive oxygen species, activating mitochondria-dependent pathways, inhibiting EGFR-stimulated MEK/ERK pathway, and elevating p38-MAPK in comparison to native bee venom. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-induced mice, it has anti-cancer properties against tumor tissue. It also improved liver function and architecture without causing any noticeable toxic side effects, as well as inhibiting tumor growth by activating the apoptotic pathway. The design of this cancer-targeted nanoparticle establishes GE11-bee venom-CSNPs as a potential chemotherapeutic treatment for EGFR over-expressed malignancies. Finally, our work elucidates the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer selectivity of targeted bee venom-CSNPs and outlines therapeutic strategies to target liver cancer.
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Balbaa M, El-Zeftawy M, Taha N, Mandour AW. Zinc and curcumin lower arylsulfatses and some metabolic parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:11. [PMID: 28293546 PMCID: PMC5348748 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
In rats with induced diabetes, Zinc and curcumin treatment showed a significant increase of catalase and a significant decrease of glucose, lipid profile components and arylsulphatases activity compared to the untreated rats. We suggest that dietary zinc and curcumin are promising protective agents for reducing the metabolic defect of diabetes.
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Balbaa M, Khalifa M, el-Sabawaya M, Kandeel K. Inhibition of succinate-cytochrome C reductase by a ferromacrocyclic complex. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 2001. [PMID: 11916144 DOI: 10.1080/14756360109162387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Succinate-cytochrome c reductase (SCR) from mouse liver was inhibited strongly and reversibly by an iron (II) macrocyclic complex 3. The inhibition was observed for the enzyme toward the reduction of both 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIP) and cytochrome c (cyt c). The inhibition was a mixed type and noncompetitive with respect to the reduction of DCIP and cyt c, respectively. Values of the inhibition constant ranged from 6.6 to 8.3 microM. The IC50 for the complex 3 was found to be 16.6 +/- 0.8 and 12.1 +/- 0.5 microM for the enzyme toward DCIP and cyt c, respectively. The reduced form of complex 3 also exhibited enzyme inhibition but to a less extent. Complex 3, at a lower level, equal to 25% of its LD50 showed about 50% inhibition of the enzyme through in vivo dose-dependent effect. These findings suggested that the structure of the equatorial benzoquinoid macrocyclic ligand of the Fe(II) complex is involved in the enzyme inhibition.
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Balbaa M, Yacout G, Ghonaim T, Othman D. Inhibition of aspartate transcarbamylase by a phenobarbital derivative. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 2001; 16:259-67. [PMID: 11697046 DOI: 10.1080/14756360109162374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Mammalian and hepatic aspartate transcarbamylase is inhibited by phenobarbital p-nitrophenylhydrazone in a reversible and non-competitive type with Ki values 8.45 x 10(-5) and 9.64 x 10(-5) M in the reactions toward carbamyl phosphate and aspartate, respectively. In vivo inhibition occurred in a dose-dependent manner in which less than 50% of the activity was retained. These observations suggest that this inhibitor may interfere with the in vivo regulation of this enzyme and lead to an additional biological effect of phenobarbitals.
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El-Merhie N, Sabry I, Balbaa M. Effect of calcium treatment on blood parameters, gonadal development and the structure of bone in immature female rats. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 68:219-27. [PMID: 22139999 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Calcium is an essential nutrient required for critical biological functions. Calcium supplementation is to be evaluated using immature female rats. The present study focused on some blood parameters, gonadal development and bone structure. Forty immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups (80 g average body weight) to receive calcium chloride dihydrate (group I: control; groups II, III and IV: received 20 mg, 40 mg and 60 mg per kg body weight, respectively) for 5 weeks. Rats were decapitated, and their trunk blood was sampled for biochemical assays. Cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and calcium were measured. Gonadal and bone structure were histologically evaluated. Results revealed that treatment of developing female rats with three calcium doses used have no marked effect on the serum calcium and cholesterol levels. However, serum triglyceride level and body weight gain are significantly decreased in rats treated with all of the three calcium doses. Serum glucose level showed a marked increase in animals treated with the higher calcium doses. Moreover, observable histological alterations are recognized in the ovaries. Bones of the experimental animals also showed morphological alterations. These results suggest that increasing calcium supplementation decreases triglycerides and percentage body weight gain and positively affects the bone and gonadal development.
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Balbaa M, El-Zeftawy M, Abdulmalek SA. Therapeutic Screening of Herbal Remedies for the Management of Diabetes. Molecules 2021; 26:6836. [PMID: 34833928 PMCID: PMC8618521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The study of diabetes mellitus (DM) patterns illustrates increasingly important facts. Most importantly, they include oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular death. Up to now, there is a shortage of drug therapies for DM, and the discovery and the development of novel therapeutics for this disease are crucial. Medicinal plants are being used more and more as an alternative and natural cure for the disease. Consequently, the objective of this review was to examine the latest results on the effectiveness and protection of natural plants in the management of DM as adjuvant drugs for diabetes and its complex concomitant diseases.
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