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Jaureguizar J, Redondo I, Galende N, Ozamiz N. Factors related to compliance with the COVID-19 health regulations among young people. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1247-1258. [PMID: 35070774 PMCID: PMC8717041 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i12.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has affected all facets of our lives and all ages and social strata worldwide. Measures have been taken to protect against the spread of the virus, such as more rigorous hand hygiene, the use of face masks and social distancing. However, the focus has often been on young people, who have been seen as a group lacking sufficient respect for government-imposed measures. This review outlines the preventive measures that have been taken in different countries and discusses their specific impact on young people and adolescents, taking into account the developmental stage and concrete needs of this age group. It summarizes those studies that have provided information on compliance with preventive measures by young people and adolescents, concluding that although compliance levels among this age group are lower than among older adults, the general view of youths as non-compliant is not consistent with real, objective data. The review also summarizes different views regarding the possible reasons for this lower level of compliance, taking into account both social (gender and age) and personal factors (personality, empathy, prosociality, self-control, cognitive styles and motivations), and discusses the practical implications of these findings for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Jaureguizar
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Lejona 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iratxe Redondo
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Lejona 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nuria Galende
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Lejona 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Naiara Ozamiz
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Lejona 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
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Dosil M, Jaureguizar J, Bernaras E. Dating violence in adolescents in residential care: Frequency and associated factors. Child & Family Social Work 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/cfs.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Dosil
- Department of Research and Diagnostic Methods in Education, Faculty of Education of Bilbao University of the Basque Country Leioa Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao University of the Basque Country Leioa Spain
| | - Elena Bernaras
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology University of the Basque Country San Sebastián Spain
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De Los Reyes Mera V, Jaureguizar J, Bernaras E, Redondo I. Violencia de control en las redes sociales y en el móvil en jóvenes universitarios. Aloma 2021; 39:27-35. [DOI: 10.51698/aloma.2021.39.1.27-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar la prevalencia de la violencia de control a través de las redes sociales y el móvil en parejas jóvenes, y analizar su relación con el apego inseguro, la dependencia emocional, el sexo y la edad. Se seleccionó una muestra de conveniencia compuesta por 188 alumnos y alumnas universitarios. Las personas participantes completaron la Escala de Violencia de Pareja en las Redes Sociales en Adolescentes (e-VPA), el cuestionario Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) y el cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional en el Noviazgo de Jóvenes y Adolescentes (DEN). El 42% del total de la muestra estudiada afirmó haber sufrido violencia por parte de sus parejas al menos en alguna ocasión y el 41.5%, que habían ejercido violencia hacia su pareja en alguna ocasión. En el caso de la cibervictimización, los chicos fueron los que más alto puntuaron. En el caso de la ciberviolencia, las variables que predecían la violencia perpetrada a través de las redes sociales fueron la necesidad de exclusividad, la relación asimétrica, el afecto de la madre y el padre, el control de la madre, el sexo y la cibervictimización. Las variables predictoras de la cibervictimización, por su parte, fueron el sexo y la ciberperpetración. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas de los resultados del presente estudio.
Palabras clave: violencia de control; apego inseguro; dependencia emocional; redes sociales; teléfono móvil
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Fernandez Rotaeche P, Jaureguizar Alboniga-mayor J, Idoiaga Mondragon N. Representaciones sobre sexismo en Educación Superior y Formación Profesional. Educación XX1 2021; 24. [DOI: 10.5944/educxx1.28225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
La educación, y la escuela como institución, juegan un papel fundamental en el proceso de socialización de todo ser humano, y, a través de ella se transmiten creencias y actitudes donde se constata el papel del personal docente como transmisor de las mismas. Entre las creencias y actitudes que el profesorado puede transmitir de forma no consciente están las ideas sexistas. Este estudio quiere conocer la representación que sobre el sexismo tiene el alumnado de grados de Educación Infantil, Primaria y Técnico Superior en Educación Infantil, considerando que éstos son el futuro personal docente-educador y, por tanto, responsables de la transmisión de ideas, creencias y actitudes en las aulas. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, 114 alumnas y alumnos de grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria, así como también alumnado de formación profesional, Técnicos y Técnicas en Educación Infantil, realizaron una tarea de asociación libre mediante el Grid Elaboration Method con el fin de recoger las representaciones sobre sexismo de dicho alumnado. Para analizar el contenido del ejercicio se realizó un análisis lexical mediante el método Reinert a través del software Iramuteq. Los resultados más significativos nos muestran que este alumnado representa el sexismo como una infravaloración por razón de género, y que esta infravaloración se daría por igual en hombres y en mujeres. El estudio también recoge situaciones sexistas que el alumnado observa y vive, las cuales son identificadas en su mayoría en el ámbito laboral y deportivo, quedando excluido el sexismo en el ámbito educativo. Finalmente, se quiere conocer las repercusiones sociales del sexismo, donde sobre todo se menciona la discriminación social hacia la mujer haciendo claras referencias al patriarcado. Además, se discute la ausencia de conciencia de este alumnado de que el sexismo se puede dar también en el ámbito educativo, y sobre las implicaciones de la misma.
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Dosil Santamaría M, Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Redondo Rodríguez I, Jaureguizar Alboniga-Mayor J, Picaza Gorrotxategi M. Psychological impact of COVID-19 on a sample of Spanish health professionals. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed) 2021; 14:106-112. [PMID: 32622882 PMCID: PMC7264016 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After the outbreak of the COVID-19 was considered a global pandemic in March 2020, the state of alarm was declared in Spain. In this situation, health professionals are experiencing high levels of stress due to the overload of work the pandemic is generating and the conditions in which they are working. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that can destabilize the mental health of these professionals in our context. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was composed of 421 health professionals. The data were gathered by an online questionnaire sent to them by e-mail. The DASS-21 was used to assess anxiety, stress and depression, and the EAI to measure sleep difficulties. In addition, other descriptive variables that could be related to psychological symptomatology were collected from the sample. RESULTS The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has generated symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia among health workers, with higher levels among women and older professionals. Some factors such as having been in contact with the virus or fear at work, triggered greater symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS In this critical situation, professionals are in the front line and therefore, are directly exposed to certain risks and stressors. This contributes to the development of diverse psychological symptoms. Consequently, it is recommended to offer them psychological help in order to reduce the emotional impact of the COVID-19, and thus, to ensure not only the mental health of our health professionals, but also the adequate care they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dosil Santamaría
- Departamento de Métodos de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Educación, Universidad del País Vasco, Lejona, España
| | - Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad del País Vasco, Lejona, España.
| | - Iratxe Redondo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad del País Vasco, Lejona, España
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Jiménez-Etxebarria E, Bernaras Iturrioz E, Jaureguizar J. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic as perceived by Older People in Northern Spain. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1789-1803. [PMID: 34754249 PMCID: PMC8572110 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s308537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on people's lives at all levels. This qualitative study is concerned with exploring the perspective of people over 67 years of age in relation to the changes experienced in their lives, the perception of the treatment of older adults during the pandemic, their attitude towards tackling the situation resulting from the pandemic, and their expectations for the future. METHODS Qualitative methodology was used. A total of 26 participants completed semi-structured interviews. An inductive approach was applied and five main themes emerged from the participants' discourses: lifestyle, health, social relations, older people and confinement, or pandemic. RESULTS The pandemic has only partially disrupted participants' learning and participation activities. In some cases, they reported having experienced mild physical and psychological symptoms and missing physical contact. However, they have been able to recognize certain positive aspects of the confinement and value the use of technology as a means of maintaining relationships and learning. Although their adaptive skills are clear, they perceive positive and negative discrimination in relation to age. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the perception of vulnerability that we have towards older people is erroneous, since they have been shown to have the capacity to display resilience and strength in the face of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneritz Jiménez-Etxebarria
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lejona, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: Eneritz Jiménez-Etxebarria Email
| | - Elena Bernaras Iturrioz
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lejona, Bizkaia, Spain
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Berasategi N, Aróstegui I, Jaureguizar J, Aizpurua A, Guerra N, Arribillaga-iriarte A. Interdisciplinary Learning at University: Assessment of an Interdisciplinary Experience Based on the Case Study Methodology. Sustainability 2020; 12:7732. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current context, higher education faces the challenge of preparing future professionals to respond to society’s increasingly complex problems. However, the search for solutions means adopting new ways of working that promote multidimensionality through collaboration and an interdisciplinary outlook. In this change of paradigm, universities should work on the development of sustainability education, promoting critical reflection and the necessary skills to generate a change in thinking and real practice for sustainability, through incorporation of methodologies that foster collaborative teaching and working. The main aim of the present study was to design, implement, and assess an experience based on the case study methodology, approached from an interdisciplinary perspective. By designing repeated pretest–posttest measures, we analyzed changes in learning skills linked to interdisciplinarity, such as collaborative work, participation, motivation, and interdisciplinary thinking. The sample comprised 539 university undergraduates from Social Education, Primary Education, and Psychology degree courses. The results confirmed that the methodology used improved interdisciplinary outlook, participation, cooperation, and motivation. The implications of this type of innovative experience for the teaching–learning process of university students are discussed.
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Arribas-garcía S, Jaureguizar Alboniga-mayor J, Bernarás Iturrioz E. Satisfacción y fatiga por compasión en personal de enfermería de oncología: estudio descriptivo y correlacional. Enf Global 2020; 19:120-44. [DOI: 10.6018/eglobal.417261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objetivos: (1) Conocer la percepción de Satisfacción y Fatiga por Compasión del personal de Enfermería de oncología; (2) estudiar la correlación entre variables sociodemográficas, profesionales y adaptativas (resiliencia, actitudes ante la muerte y personalidad) y la Satisfacción y Fatiga por Compasión y, (3) identificar variables predictoras para ambas dimensiones.Método: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional, de corte transversal. 69 enfermeras (62.7%) y 41 técnicos en cuidados auxiliares de Enfermería (37.3%) de los servicios de Oncología de Bizkaia (Servicio Vasco de Salud) dieron respuesta al ProQOL-V, CD-RISC-10, PRAM y NEO-FFI-3. Los datos se recogieron entre septiembre 2018 y marzo 2019. El estudio estadístico con el SPSS.22 implicó pruebas chi cuadrado, comparación de medias, correlación de Pearson y regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: El 66.4% (n=73) presentó alta Satisfacción, y el 41.8% (n=46) se situó en niveles moderados de Fatiga por Compasión. Las personas con estudios previos sobre la muerte y/o duelo se percibieron más satisfechas. La Satisfacción estableció correlaciones más fuertes con resiliencia y extroversión, y la Fatiga lo hizo con neuroticismo y resiliencia. Emergieron 4 variables predictoras para la Satisfacción: edad, formación, resiliencia, y amabilidad; y 4 para la Fatiga: evitación y aceptación de escape ante la muerte, neuroticismo y apertura.Conclusiones: La alta relación hallada entre la formación y la resiliencia con la Satisfacción por Compasión puede servir de guía a las instituciones académicas y asistenciales para orientar estrategias formativas, preventivas e interventivas que permitan dotar a los equipos de enfermería oncológica de recursos que les permitan optimizar la percepción sobre su rol de cuidado.
Objectives: (1) To determine the perception of Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue of oncology nursing staff; (2) to study the correlation between Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue and sociodemographic, professional and adaptive variables (resilience, attitudes toward death, personality); and (3) to identify predictors of the two dimensions. Method: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study. 69 nurses (62.7%) and 41 auxiliary care technicians (37.3%) from the Oncology Services in Biscay (Basque Health Service) completed the ProQOL-V, CD-RISC-10, DAP-R, and NEO-FFI-3. Data were collected between September 2018 and March 2019. The statistical analysis with SPSS.22 included chi-square tests, comparison of means, Pearson´s correlation, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: 66.4% (n=73) showed high Compassion Satisfaction, and 41.8% (n=46) were at moderate levels of Compassion Fatigue. People with prior studies related to death and/or grief were more satisfied. Compassion Satisfaction had stronger correlations with resilience and extroversion, and Compassion Fatigue did so with neuroticism and resilience. Four predictor variables emerged for Compassion Satisfaction: age, prior learning, resilience, and agreeableness; and four for Compassion Fatigue: attitudes of avoidance and escape concerning death, neuroticism, and openness.Conclusions: The high relationship found between training and resilience with Compassion Satisfaction can serve as a guide for academic and health care institutions to orient training, preventive and interventional strategies to provide oncology nursing teams with resources that allow them to optimize their care role.
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Dosil M, Jaureguizar J, Bernaras E, Sbicigo JB. Teen Dating Violence, Sexism, and Resilience: A Multivariate Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17082652. [PMID: 32294915 PMCID: PMC7215810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to know the factors associated with teen dating violence and victimization because violence in teenagers' relationships is increasing in recent years, constituting a serious social problem. For this purpose, we analyzed teen dating violence and explored the variables (sexist attitudes, personal adjustment, clinical maladjustment, and resilience) related to teen dating violence and victimization using multinomial logistic models. The sample was composed of 268 school teenagers aged 12 to 17 from the Basque Country (Spain). Results showed that sex, age, sexism, and self-esteem predicted teen dating violence and that sex and social problems predicted victimization. Associations between the wide range of variables and types of perpetration and victimization (verbal-emotional, relational, and physical) were also explored. These results could be taken into consideration for future prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dosil
- Research and Diagnosis Methods in Education, Faculty of Education, University of Basque Country, 48940 Lejona, Spain;
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Lejona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-601-45-95
| | - Elena Bernaras
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia, Spain;
| | - Juliana Burges Sbicigo
- Developmental and Personality Psychology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003-Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil;
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Galende N, Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Jaureguizar J, Redondo I. Cyber Dating Violence Prevention Programs in Universal Populations: A Systematic Review. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:1089-1099. [PMID: 33299362 PMCID: PMC7721295 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s275414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the technological revolution of recent decades has produced undeniable advances, it has also generated problems derived from new forms of human communication, especially among the younger population. This is the case with cyber dating violence, a problem that affects between 12% and 56% of young couples, making the need for preventive intervention patently evident. This study attempts to fill a gap in the literature in this field, carrying out a systematic review of universal cyber dating violence prevention programs, analyzing their characteristics and the evidence provided of their effectiveness. Following the PRISMA method, only 3 programs met the inclusion criteria: the DARSI program, the Dat-e Adolescence program and the Brief Incremental Theory of Personality (ITP) adolescent dating violence prevention program. All were reported to be effective, based on different indicators. Given the small body of work published to date and the limitations of the aforementioned programs, future research should aim to design and validate a greater number of programs that serve as tools for addressing this problem in a timely manner, in order to avoid not only the serious consequences it has for victims, but also its escalation towards adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Galende
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
| | - Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
- Correspondence: Joana Jaureguizar Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Lejona, Bizkaia, SpainTel +34 94 601 4595Fax +34 94 601 7500 Email
| | - Iratxe Redondo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
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Dosil M, Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Redondo I, Picaza M, Jaureguizar J. Psychological Symptoms in Health Professionals in Spain After the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2020; 11:606121. [PMID: 33391125 PMCID: PMC7775406 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the declaration of the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020, a state of alarm was decreed in Spain. In this situation, healthcare workers experienced high levels of stress, anxiety and depression due to the heavy workload and working conditions. Although Spain experienced a progressive decline in the number of COVID-19 cases until the last week of May (when a flattening of the case curve was achieved) and the work overload among health workers was substantially reduced, several studies have shown that this work overload is associated with the later emergence of psychological symptoms induced by stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of stress, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress and compassionate fatigue in health professionals. The sample consisted of 973 health professionals 16.5% men, 82.9% women, and one non-binary person. The data were collected through an online questionnaire sent to the participants by e-mail. DASS-21 was used to measure anxiety, stress and depression, PCL-C to measure post-traumatic stress and ProQOL -vIV to measure compassion fatigue. In addition, other descriptive variables that could be related to these levels of psychological symptomatology were evaluated. The results reveal that after the work overload experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers report psychological symptoms, post-traumatic stress and compassion fatigue. It is therefore recommended that these professionals be provided with psychological help in order to reduce the emotional impact of COVID-19, and consequently improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dosil
- Department of Research and Diagnostic Methods in Education, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- *Correspondence: Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria,
| | - Iratxe Redondo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Maitane Picaza
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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Dosil M, Jaureguizar J, Bermaras E. Variables Related to Victimization and Perpetration of Dating Violence in Adolescents in Residential Care Settings. Span J Psychol 2019; 22:E36. [PMID: 31625488 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2019.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Violence in dating relationships constitutes a serious problem, thus, the study of related factors could help to better understand this violence and intervene in it. This study had three goals: (1) To analyze the prevalence of dating violence in adolescents under residential care settings according to sex and age; (2) to explore the relationships between victimization and perpetration in adolescents' dating violence, sexist attitudes and clinical variables; and (3) to identify variables associated to adolescents' dating violence (victimization and perpetration). The sample comprised 271 adolescents (54.6% boys and 45.4% girls), aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 15.23, SD = 1.60). The victimization (R2 = .17, p <.001) and perpetration (R2 = .20. p < .001) results showed prevalence rates higher than those of previous studies. Sex was not a differentiating factor for perpetration of dating violence, but age was: the older they were, the higher the perpetration rate. In the case of victimization, an interaction between sex and age was found. Results showed that age, sex, hostile sexism and depression were variables associated to victimization whereas age, hostile sexism and depression were associated to perpetration of dating violence.
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Bully P, Jaureguizar J, Bernaras E, Redondo I. Relationship between Parental Socialization, Emotional Symptoms, and Academic Performance during Adolescence: The Influence of Parents' and Teenagers' Gender. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E2231. [PMID: 31242549 PMCID: PMC6617002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Scientific interest in students' emotional and psychosocial experiences has been increasing in the last years due to their influence on students' learning processes and academic performance. The present manuscript tries to go further in the study of the relationship between perceived parenting socialization and academic performance by analyzing not only their direct effects, but also by testing their indirect influence through other variables such as students' psychological and school maladjustment, especially focusing on gender differences (both of students and parents). The sample comprised 823 students (416 males and 407 females) from the Basque Country (Spain), with ages ranging between 12 and 16 years (M = 13.7, SD = 1.2). Students completed a sociodemographic data form, the PARQ-Control questionnaire, and the BASC-S3 test. Teachers answered an ad hoc question on each student's academic performance. The data showed that, both for males and females, the same structure of parent-teenager relationship predicted teenagers' academic performance, via psychological and school maladjustment. However, the intensity of the relationship between parental acceptance and teenagers' results in all the other factors differed depending on teenagers' gender. Fathers' influence was greater in males, and mothers' influence was higher in females. This study is considered a starting point for a theoretical model predicting academic performance and psychological and school maladjustment among teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bully
- Paola Bully Consultoría Estadística y Metodológica, 48190 Sopuerta, Spain.
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Lejona, Spain.
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Lejona, Spain.
| | - Elena Bernaras
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Iratxe Redondo
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Lejona, Spain.
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Bernaras E, Jaureguizar J, Garaigordobil M. Child and Adolescent Depression: A Review of Theories, Evaluation Instruments, Prevention Programs, and Treatments. Front Psychol 2019; 10:543. [PMID: 30949092 PMCID: PMC6435492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is the principal cause of illness and disability in the world. Studies charting the prevalence of depression among children and adolescents report high percentages of youngsters in both groups with depressive symptoms. This review analyzes the construct and explanatory theories of depression and offers a succinct overview of the main evaluation instruments used to measure this disorder in children and adolescents, as well as the prevention programs developed for the school environment and the different types of clinical treatment provided. The analysis reveals that in mental classifications, the child depression construct is no different from the adult one, and that multiple explanatory theories must be taken into account in order to arrive at a full understanding of depression. Consequently, both treatment and prevention should also be multifactorial in nature. Although universal programs may be more appropriate due to their broad scope of application, the results are inconclusive and fail to demonstrate any solid long-term efficacy. In conclusion, we can state that: (1) There are biological factors (such as tryptophan-a building block for serotonin-depletion, for example) which strongly influence the appearance of depressive disorders; (2) Currently, negative interpersonal relations and relations with one's environment, coupled with social-cultural changes, may explain the increase observed in the prevalence of depression; (3) Many instruments can be used to evaluate depression, but it is necessary to continue to adapt tests for diagnosing the condition at an early age; (4) Prevention programs should be developed for and implemented at an early age; and (5) The majority of treatments are becoming increasingly rigorous and effective. Given that initial manifestations of depression may occur from a very early age, further and more in-depth research is required into the biological, psychological and social factors that, in an interrelated manner, may explain the appearance, development, and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bernaras
- Developmental and Educational Department, University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
| | - Maite Garaigordobil
- Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments Department, University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
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Abstract
The study aimed to design and evaluate a program for the prevention of childhood depression ("Pozik-Bizi" [in English, "Live-Happily"]), comparing its effects with a socio-emotional intervention program based on cooperative play. The sample comprised 420 students aged 7 to 10 years from the Basque Country, 51.9% were randomly assigned to the experimental condition ("Pozik-Bizi") program and 48.1% to the control group ("Play program"). Using a pretest-posttest repeated measures experimental design, 7 evaluation instruments were administered. When comparing the two interventions, it was confirmed that those who participated in the "Pozik-Bizi" program significantly decreased their level of clinical maladjustment, school maladjustment, emotional, and behavioral problems, and they increased positive behaviors that inhibit depression. However, the cooperative play program improved self-concept and social skills significantly more than the "Pozik-Bizi" program. The effect size in all the variables was small. The discussion analyzes the effectiveness of specific programs of prevention of childhood depression versus global programs of social-emotional development. This work provides a program to prevent childhood depression that has been shown to be effective in the reduction of clinical variables. In addition, this study confirms the positive potential of programs of cooperative play, to increase self-concept and social skills.
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Bernaras E, Garaigordobil M, Jaureguizar J, Soroa M. Mild and severe childhood depression: differences and implications for prevention programs in the school setting. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2018; 11:581-588. [PMID: 30519132 PMCID: PMC6237138 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s184014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study had two goals as follows: 1) to identify the prevalence of children with mild and severe depression (MD and SD), exploring sex differences; and 2) to determine possible significant differences in adaptive and clinical variables between children with different levels of depression (absence of depression, MD, and SD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a sample of 420 participants aged 7-10 years (53.3% boys) enrolled in third and fourth grade of primary education, from schools in the Basque Country (Spain). The Children's Depression Scale (CDS, self-assessment) was administered as well as six more assessment instruments. RESULTS It was found that 84.2% of children had no depression, 10% had MD, and 5.8% had SD. Compared with children with depressive symptoms, participants without depression had significantly: 1) lower levels of maladjustment, stress, emotional symptoms, internalizing problems, and behavioral problems; and 2) higher levels of personal adjustment, resilience, social skills, and self-concept. In addition, children with MD had significantly lower levels of clinical maladjustment, emotional symptoms, and stress than children with SD. However, no differences were found in school maladjustment, internalizing problems, behavioral problems, personal adjustment, resilience, social skills, and self-concept between children with MD and SD. CONCLUSION The discussion emphasizes the importance of identifying children with MD and implementing universal prevention programs from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bernaras
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maite Garaigordobil
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain,
| | - Marian Soroa
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
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Jaureguizar J, Garaigordobil M, Bernaras E. Self-concept, Social Skills, and Resilience as Moderators of the Relationship Between Stress and Childhood Depression. School Mental Health 2018; 10:488-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-018-9268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Adolescence is an important developmental period that is characterised by heightened problems of adjustment. The aim of this study is to analyse adolescents' adjustment, and to explore the typologies and dimensions of parenting, and thus to determine the relationships between these factors. The sample comprised 1285 adolescent students aged 12 to 16 from the Basque Country (Spain). The students filled out the self-report of the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) and the Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire, (PARQ/Control). Differences by age were found in the adolescents' school maladjustment and parenting style perception. Moreover, perceptions of little parental warmth were related to higher levels of clinical and school maladjustment, and the lower the parental control, the greater the clinical maladjustment. Finally, the results obtained revealed that the interaction between the mothers' and fathers' parenting styles was significant only for clinical maladjustment; those students with neglectful mothers and authoritative fathers presented the highest level of clinical maladjustment, followed by other combinations of neglectful mothers. Furthermore, the students from neglectful and authoritarian families presented the highest levels of school maladjustment, without differences between neglectful and authoritarian or between indulgent and authoritative families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Jaureguizar
- 0000000121671098grid.11480.3cDepartment of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (Spain), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Elena Bernaras
- 0000000121671098grid.11480.3cDepartment of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology (Donostia–San Sebastián), University of the Basque Country (Spain), Plaza Oñati 3, 20018 Donostia–San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paola Bully
- Research Unit of Primary Attention (Bizkaia), Basque Health Service-Osakidetza, C/ Luis Power, 18, 4, 48014 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maite Garaigordobil
- 0000000121671098grid.11480.3cDepartment of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Avda Tolosa 70, 20018 Donostia–San Sebastian, Spain
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Bernaras E, Jaureguizar J, Soroa M, Sarasa M. Desajustes escolar y clínico, y ajuste personal de adolescentes de 12 a 18 años. Revista de Psicodidáctica 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psicod.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Depression is one of the most worrying diseases nowadays. The study had three main purposes: 1) to identify the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in 7-10 year olds, exploring differences according to gender and age; 2) to analyze the consistency between self-reports and teacher reports; and 3) to explore the relationship between depression and academic performance. Regarding the methodology, the sample comprised 420 students aged between 7 and 10 years from the Basque Country (53.3% boys, 46.7% girls). With a descriptive, comparative and correlational design, 4 assessment instruments were used. Results from the self-reports showed a depression rate fluctuating between 4.6% and 4.8% (clinically significant), and between 4.3% and 5% (moderate depression). However, prevalence rates from teacher reports varied between 0.2% and 3.6% (clinically significant) and between 4.6% and 7.7% (moderate depression). The consistency rate between self-reports and teacher reports was small. Differences according to gender varied depending on the instruments used and depression was higher in boys (BASC, d = .23; SPECI d = .36). Symptomatology did not increase with age. Depression correlated negatively with academic performance (self-reported depression: CDS-T r = -.12, SPECI r = -.17; depression reported by teachers: CDS-T r = -.24, SPECI r = -.50). The importance of training teachers to better identify child depression is discussed, as well as the relevance of developing prevention programs.
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Garaigordobil M, Bernarás E, Jaureguizar J, Machimbarrena JM. Childhood Depression: Relation to Adaptive, Clinical and Predictor Variables. Front Psychol 2017; 8:821. [PMID: 28572787 PMCID: PMC5435802 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study had two goals: (1) to explore the relations between self-assessed childhood depression and other adaptive and clinical variables (2) to identify predictor variables of childhood depression. Participants were 420 students aged 7-10 years old (53.3% boys, 46.7% girls). Results revealed: (1) positive correlations between depression and clinical maladjustment, school maladjustment, emotional symptoms, internalizing and externalizing problems, problem behaviors, emotional reactivity, and childhood stress; and (2) negative correlations between depression and personal adaptation, global self-concept, social skills, and resilience (sense of competence and affiliation). Linear regression analysis including the global dimensions revealed 4 predictors of childhood depression that explained 50.6% of the variance: high clinical maladjustment, low global self-concept, high level of stress, and poor social skills. However, upon introducing the sub-dimensions, 9 predictor variables emerged that explained 56.4% of the variance: many internalizing problems, low family self-concept, high anxiety, low responsibility, low personal self-assessment, high social stress, few aggressive behaviors toward peers, many health/psychosomatic problems, and external locus of control. The discussion addresses the importance of implementing prevention programs for childhood depression at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Garaigordobil
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque CountrySan Sebastian, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maite Garaigordobil,
| | - Elena Bernarás
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque CountrySan Sebastián, Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University College of Teaching Training, University of the Basque CountryBilbao, Spain
| | - Juan M. Machimbarrena
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque CountrySan Sebastian, Spain
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Jaureguizar J, Ibabe I. Conductas violentas de los adolescentes hacia las figuras de autoridad: el papel mediador de las conductas antisociales. Revista de Psicología Social 2014. [DOI: 10.1174/021347412798844088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Bernaras-iturrioz E, Jauregizar- Albonigamayor J, Soroa-udabe M, Ibabe-erostarbe I, De las Cueva-hevia C. Evaluación de la sintomatología depresiva en el contexto escolar y variables asociadas. analesps 2013; 29. [DOI: 10.6018/analesps.29.1.137831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Both the family and school environments influence adolescents' violence, but there is little research focusing simultaneously on the two contexts. This study analyzed the role of positive family and classroom environments as protective factors for adolescents' violence against authority (parent abuse and teacher abuse) and the relations between antisocial behavior and child-to-parent violence or student-to-teacher violence. The sample comprised 687 Spanish students aged 12-16 years, who responded to the Family Environment Scale (FES) and the Classroom Environment Scale (CES). Structural Equation Modeling was used to test our model of violent behavior towards authority based on Catalano and Hawkins' Social Developmental Model (1996). Perceived family cohesion and organization showed an inverse association with parent abuse, suggesting that a positive family environment was a protective factor for the development of violence against parents. Family and classroom environments had direct effects on adolescents' violence against authority, and antisocial behavior showed a mediating effect in this relationship. The model accounted for 81% of the variance in violence against authority. As family environment was a better predictor of violence against authority than school environment, intervention efforts to reduce rates of adolescent violence should focus on helping parents to increase family cohesion and to manage conflictive relationships with their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaskun Ibabe
- Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) (Spain)
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Ibabe I, Jaureguizar J. Child-to-parent violence: Profile of abusive adolescents and their families. Journal of Criminal Justice 2010; 38:616-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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