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Cvetojevic N, Jovanovic N, Gross S, Norris B, Spaleniak I, Schwab C, Withford MJ, Ireland M, Tuthill P, Guyon O, Martinache F, Lawrence JS. Modal noise in an integrated photonic lantern fed diffraction-limited spectrograph. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:25546-25565. [PMID: 29041221 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.025546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop a streamlined astrophotonic instrument, we demonstrate the realization of an all-photonic device capable of both multimode to single mode conversion and spectral dispersion on an 8-m class telescope with efficient coupling. The device was a monolithic photonic spectrograph which combined an integrated photonic lantern and an efficient arrayed waveguide grating device. During on-sky testing, we discovered a previously unreported type of noise that made spectral extraction and calibration extremely difficult. The source of the noise was traced to a wavelength-dependent loss mechanism between the feed fiber's multimode near-field pattern and the modal acceptance profile of the integrated photonic lantern. Extensive modeling of the photonic components replicates the wavelength-dependent loss, and demonstrates an identical effect on the final spectral output. We outline that this could be mitigated by directly injecting into the integrated photonic lantern.
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Lawrence JS, Laine VAI, de Graaff R. The Epidemiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Northern Europe. Proc R Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/003591576105400604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang S, Zhang H, Zhou X, Zhou JL, Fu JN, Yang M, Liu H, Xie J, Wang L, Wang L, Wittenmyer RA, Ashley MCB, Feng LL, Gong X, Lawrence JS, Liu Q, Luong-Van DM, Ma J, Peng X, Storey JWV, Wu Z, Yan J, Yang H, Yang J, Yuan X, Zhang T, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Zou H. PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN THE CSTAR FIELD: RESULTS FROM THE 2008 DATA SET. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/218/2/20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yang (杨明) M, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhou JL, Zhou X, Wang L, Wang L, Wittenmyer RA, Liu HG, Meng Z, Ashley MCB, Storey JWV, Bayliss D, Tinney C, Wang Y, Wu D, Liang E, Yu Z, Fan Z, Feng LL, Gong X, Lawrence JS, Liu Q, Luong-Van DM, Ma J, Wu Z, Yan J, Yang H, Yang J, Yuan X, Zhang T, Zhu Z, Zou H. ECLIPSING BINARIES FROM THE CSTAR PROJECT AT DOME A, ANTARCTICA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Noordegraaf D, Skovgaard PMW, Sandberg RH, Maack MD, Bland-Hawthorn J, Lawrence JS, Lægsgaard J. Nineteen-port photonic lantern with multimode delivery fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:452-454. [PMID: 22344070 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate efficient multimode (MM) to single-mode (SM) conversion in a 19-port photonic lantern with a 50 μm core MM delivery fiber. The photonic lantern can be used within the field of astrophotonics for coupling MM starlight to an ensemble of SM fibers in order to perform fiber-Bragg-grating-based spectral filtering. An MM delivery fiber spliced to the photonic lantern offers the advantage that the delivery fiber guides the light from the focal plane of the telescope to the splitter. Therefore, it is no longer necessary to have the splitter mounted directly in the focal plane of the telescope. The coupling loss from a 50 μm core MM fiber to an ensemble of 19 SM fibers and back to a 50 μm core MM fiber is below 1.1 dB.
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Ellman P, Lawrence JS, Thorold GP. Gold Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 2:314-6. [PMID: 20783279 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4157.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ellman P, Lawrence JS. AGRANULOCYTOSIS WITH PURPURA HAEMORRHAGICA FOLLOWING GOLD THERAPY: WITH A NOTE ON PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 2:622-3. [PMID: 20779395 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.3900.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lawrence JS, Craddock CG. Hemophilia: The Mechanism of Development and Action of an Anticoagulant Found in Two Cases. Science 2010; 106:473-4. [PMID: 17791807 DOI: 10.1126/science.106.2759.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Lawrence JS, Syverton JT, Ackart RJ, Adams WS, Ervin DM, Haskins AL, Saunders RH, Stringfellow MB, Wetrich RM. THE VIRUS OF INFECTIOUS FELINE AGRANULOCYTOSIS : II. IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATION TO OTHER VIRUSES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 77:57-64. [PMID: 19871264 PMCID: PMC2135292 DOI: 10.1084/jem.77.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The infection of cats by the virus of infectious feline agranulocytosis is followed by the production of specific neutralizing and protective antibodies, and recovery from the disease is associated with the development of solid immunity to reinfection. From the evidence presented it is obvious that the virus is not related to the viruses of hog cholera, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, fox encephalitis, vesicular stomatitis, the Western type of equine encephalomyelitis, herpes, and B virus infection.
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Syverton JT, Lawrence JS, Ackart RJ, Adams WS, Ervin DM, Haskins AL, Saunders RH, Stringfellow MB, Wetrich RM. THE VIRUS OF INFECTIOUS FELINE AGRANULOCYTOSIS : I. CHARACTERS OF THE VIRUS: PATHOGENICITY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 77:41-56. [PMID: 19871263 PMCID: PMC2135288 DOI: 10.1084/jem.77.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-two strains of an infectious filterable agent, with properties that establish it as a virus, have been isolated from a malady of cats. This disease can be readily recognized and differentiated from other feline diseases by blood studies, which make apparent the characteristic profound leucopenia and marked relative lymphocytosis in the absence of thrombopenia and appreciable anemia. (Because the cytological pictures of the bone marrow and blood are essentially similar to those which characterize human agranulocytosis, we have named the disease under study "infectious feline agranulocytosis.") The cytological reaction to the presence of the virus is further characterized by proliferation of the reticuloendothelial cells of the lymph nodes and spleen, and by the formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies in the cells of the gastro-intestinal mucosa, lymph nodes, and bronchial mucosa. The etiological agent, the virus of infectious feline agranulocytosis, is pathogenic for cats when given by the oral, intragastric, cutaneous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intranasal routes; it can be recovered at the height of the disease from the blood, spleen, liver, lung, intestinal mucosa, nasal secretions, nasal mucosa and turbinates, feces, and urine. The virus appears to be limited in its pathogenicity to the feline species. We found that a variety of animals, as represented by albino Swiss mice, guinea pigs, domestic rabbits, and ground squirrels (Citellus richardsonii Sabine), failed entirely to react to the injection of massive doses of virus. Repeated attempts at infection of these animals regularly failed when the intranasal, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular routes of inoculation were employed for single doses. The same was true when from four to six transfers in "blind" serial tissue passages were made. Moreover, attempts to propagate the virus on the chorio-allantoic membrane of the developing chick were unsuccessful. The significance of the facts is discussed in the paper that follows.
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Cvetojevic N, Lawrence JS, Ellis SC, Bland-Hawthorn J, Haynes R, Horton A. Characterization and on-sky demonstration of an integrated photonic spectrograph for astronomy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:18643-18650. [PMID: 20372596 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.018643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present results from the first on-sky demonstration of a prototype astronomical integrated photonic spectrograph (IPS) using the Anglo-Australian Telescope near-infrared imaging spectrometer (IRIS2) at Siding Spring Observatory to observe atmospheric molecular OH emission lines. We have succeeded in detecting upwards of 27 lines, and demonstrated the practicality of the IPS device for astronomy. Furthermore, we present a laboratory characterization of the device, which is a modified version of a commercial arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer. We measure the spectral resolution full-width-half-maximum to be 0.75 +/- 0.05 nm (giving R = lambda/deltalambda = 2100 +/- 150 at 1500 nm). We find the free spectral range to be 57.4 +/- 0.6 nm and the peak total efficiency to be approximately 65%. Finally, we briefly discuss the future steps required to realize an astronomical instrument based on this technology concept.
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Lawrence JS, Ashley MCB, Hengst S, Luong-Van DM, Storey JWV, Yang H, Zhou X, Zhu Z. The PLATO Dome A site-testing observatory: power generation and control systems. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:064501. [PMID: 19566216 DOI: 10.1063/1.3137081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric conditions above Dome A, a currently unmanned location at the highest point on the Antarctic plateau, are uniquely suited to astronomy. For certain types of astronomy Dome A is likely to be the best location on the planet, and this has motivated the development of the Plateau Observatory (PLATO). PLATO was deployed to Dome A in early 2008. It houses a suite of purpose-built site-testing instruments designed to quantify the benefits of Dome A site for astronomy, and science instruments designed to take advantage of the observing conditions. The PLATO power generation and control system is designed to provide continuous power and heat, and a high-reliability command and communications platform for these instruments. PLATO has run and collected data throughout the winter 2008 season completely unattended. Here we present a detailed description of the power generation, power control, thermal management, instrument interface, and communications systems for PLATO, and an overview of the system performance for 2008.
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Lawrence JS, Forbes GW. PAROXYSMAL HEART BLOCK AND VENTRICULAR STANDSTILL. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2008; 6:53-60. [PMID: 18609959 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.6.2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Young LE, Lawrence JS. MATURATION AND DESTRUCTION OF TRANSFUSED HUMAN RETICULOCYTES. EVALUATION OF RETICULOCYTE EXPERIMENTS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF HEMOGLOBIN METABOLISM. J Clin Invest 2006; 24:554-63. [PMID: 16695245 PMCID: PMC435487 DOI: 10.1172/jci101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lawrence JS. ELLIPTICAL AND SICKLE-SHAPED ERYTHROCYTES IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD OF WHITE PERSONS. J Clin Invest 2006; 5:31-49. [PMID: 16693781 PMCID: PMC434696 DOI: 10.1172/jci100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lawrence JS, Hurxthal LM, Bock AV. VARIATIONS IN BLOOD FLOW WITH CHANGES IN POSITION IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGIC SUBJECTS. J Clin Invest 2006; 3:613-29. [PMID: 16693739 PMCID: PMC434649 DOI: 10.1172/jci100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lawrence JS, Scott CP. Examination of the relationship between African American adolescents' condom use at sexual onset and later sexual behavior: implications for condom distribution programs. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 1996; 8:258-266. [PMID: 8806954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
School-based condom distribution programs have generated considerable controversy across the country. In the present study 249 sexually active African American adolescents who did (n = 119) and did not (n = 130) use a condom during their initial sexual experience were compared to assess whether condom use at the onset of sexual activity was associated with later differences in sexual behavior. The results indicated that youths who used a condom from the onset of sexual activity were more likely to have used a condom in the most recent intercourse occasion, less likely to be diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD) or to combine substance use with sexual activity, endorsed more positive attitudes toward condoms, and were older when they initiated sexual activity. The findings have implications for condom availability programs and indicate that initial condom use was not associated with earlier onset of sexual activity and was associated with higher rates of precautionary behavior among sexually active minority adolescents.
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Abstract
This paper describes a new system for resident selection that uses a descriptive rating scale and a microcomputer to create a rank order list for the National Resident Matching Program. The methods utilized to analyze the time efficiency, interrater reliability, and predictive validity of the system are reported. Interrater reliability was found to be high. The rank list was shown to correlate with both clinical performance of Pl-1 and Pl-2 pediatric residents and the American Board of Pediatrics In-training Examination. Correlations for the Pl-2 year were stronger than for the Pl-1 year.
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Lawrence JS, Martins CL, Drake GL. A family survey of lupus erythematosus. 1. Heritability. J Rheumatol 1987; 14:913-21. [PMID: 3430520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
First degree relatives and spouses of 36 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 37 with discoid lupus erythematosus (LE) were assessed using the ARA criteria. They were compared with relatives and spouses of patients with other rheumatic and related complaints. Definite SLE was present in 3.9% of relatives of SLE probands, 2.6% of discoid relatives and 0.3% of controls. Discoid LE was diagnosed in 0.6% of SLE and 3.5% of discoid families compared with 0.5% of controls. None of the spouses of LE probands had SLE or discoid LE. The data gave the best fit for a polygenic inheritance with a heritability of 66 +/- 11% for SLE and 44 +/- 10% for discoid LE. Genetic factors are thus less important in SLE and discoid LE than in generalized osteoarthritis, spondylitis or gout with heritabilities of 90, 72 and 90%, respectively.
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