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Roy M, Sykora M, Aslam M. Chemical Aspects of Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:9. [PMID: 38430313 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Halide perovskite nanocrystals (HPNCs) are currently among the most intensely investigated group of materials. Structurally related to the bulk halide perovskites (HPs), HPNCs are nanostructures with distinct chemical, optical, and electronic properties and significant practical potential. One of the keys to the effective exploitation of the HPNCs in advanced technologies is the development of controllable, reproducible, and scalable methods for preparation of materials with desired compositions, phases, and shapes and low defect content. Another important condition is a quantitative understanding of factors affecting the chemical stability and the optical and electronic properties of HPNCs. Here we review important recent developments in these areas. Following a brief historical prospective, we provide an overview of known chemical methods for preparation of HPNCs and approaches used to control their composition, phase, size, and shape. We then review studies of the relationship between the chemical composition and optical properties of HPNCs, degradation mechanisms, and effects of charge injection. Finally, we provide a short summary and an outlook. The aim of this review is not to provide a comprehensive summary of all relevant literature but rather a selection of highlights, which, in the subjective view of the authors, provide the most significant recent observations and relevant analyses.
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Visram A, De La Torre A, White D, Su J, Masih-Khan E, Chu M, Jimenez-Zepeda V, McCurdy A, LeBlanc R, Song K, Mian H, Louzada M, Sebag M, Bergstrom D, Stakiw J, Reiman A, Kotb R, Aslam M, Venner C, Kaedbey R, Gul E, Reece D. Real world data on outcomes of anti-CD38 antibody treated, including triple class refractory, patients with multiple myeloma: a multi-institutional report from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) Database. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:181. [PMID: 38065967 PMCID: PMC10709576 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite the availability of novel agents. This multi-center retrospective cohort study used the Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database to describe real-world outcomes of patients withanti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb) refractory MM subsequently treated with standard of care (SoC) regimens. Patients with triple class refractory (TCR) disease (refractory to a proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory drug, and anti-CD38 mAb) were examined as a distinct cohort. Overall, 663 patients had disease progression on anti-CD38 mAb therapy, 466 received further treatment (346 with SoC regimens were included, 120 with investigational agents on clinical trial and were excluded). The median age at initiation of subsequent SoC therapy of 67.9 (range 39.6-89.6) years with a median of 3 prior lines (range 1-9). The median PFS and OS from the start of subsequent therapy was 4.6 (95% CI 4.1-5.6) months and 13.3 (95% CI 10.6-16.6) months, respectively. The median PFS and OS of patients with TCR disease (n = 199) was 4.4 (95% CI 3.6-5.3) months and 10.5 (95% CI 8.5-13.8) months. Our results reinforce that real-world patients with relapsed MM, particularly those with TCR disease, have dismal outcomes. There remains an urgent unmet need for the development of and access to effective therapeutics for these patients.
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Bhawna, Alam A, Aslam M. Oxygen and moisture-induced healing of halide double perovskite surface defects. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:084703. [PMID: 37610019 DOI: 10.1063/5.0154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied the impact of environmental constituents such as oxygen (O2) and moisture on halide double perovskite (HDP) films. The transport measurements indicate that an increment in O2 concentration enhances the resistivity of a Cs2AgBiBr6 film by two orders of magnitude. The adsorption of O2 on the film's surface helps in passivation of defects (∼50% reduction in defect density on O2 exposure), which inhibits ion migration and results in an increased resistivity of the film. The process of adsorption and desorption of O2 on the film surface is found to be fully reversible. In contrast, the resistivity of double perovskite films decreases by an order of magnitude in the presence of moisture. This is attributed to the generation of free protons as a result of the dissociation of water molecules at the films' surface, hence exhibiting an increase in current under external bias. The HDP films possess high resistivity (for T < 100 °C) due to the desorption of physisorbed water layers from the surface, which gradually decreases with an increase in the operating temperature. This work demonstrates that O2 and moisture are a good combination for defect passivation in any HDPs, in general.
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Roy M, Kaur A, Alam A, Aslam M. BiOBr Surface-Functionalized Halide Double-Perovskite Films for Slow Ion Migration and Improved Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18473-18481. [PMID: 36976570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface-tailored lead-free halide double-perovskite (Cs2AgBiX6) thin films are utilized for ion migration studies. A thin surface layer of BiOBr/Cl is grown via intentional annealing of the halide films in ambient conditions. Herein, we physically stacked the two films, viz., Cs2AgBiBr6 and Cs2AgBiCl6, to thermally activate the halide ion migration at different temperatures (room temperature (RT)-150 °C). While annealing, the films' color changes from orange to pale yellow and transparent brown to yellow as a result of the migration of Br- ions from Cs2AgBiBr6 to Cs2AgBiCl6 and Cl- ions from Cs2AgBiCl6 to Cs2AgBiBr6, respectively. Annealing helps in homogenizing the halide ions throughout the films, consequently leading to a mixed phase, i.e., Cs2AgBiClxBr6-x/Cs2AgBiBrxCl6-x (x = 0 to 6) formation. The movement of ions is understood by absorption studies performed at regular time intervals. These investigations reveal a redshift (from 366 to 386 nm) and a blueshift (from 435 to 386 nm) in absorption spectra, indicating the migration of Br- and Cl- toward Cs2AgBiCl6 and Cs2AgBiBr6, respectively. The films characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal the presence of a peak at 2θ = 10.90° and binding energy of 158.1 eV, respectively, corresponding to the formation of Bi-O bonds at the film surface. Also, XRD studies show a lower 2θ shift of the diffraction peak in the case of Cs2AgBiCl6 films and a higher 2θ shift in the case of Cs2AgBiB6 films, which further confirms the migration of Cl- and Br- from one film to the other. XPS investigations confirm the compositional change with a gradual increment in the concentration of Br-/Cl- with an increase in heating time for Cs2AgBiCl6/Cs2AgBiBr6 films. All these studies confirm thermal diffusion of halide ions in double-perovskite films. Further, from the exponential decay of the absorption spectra, the rate constant for halide (Br) ion diffusion is calculated, which shows an increment from 1.7 × 10-6 s-1 at RT to 12.1 × 10-3 s-1 at 150 °C. The temperature-dependent rate constant follows Arrhenius behavior and renders an activation energy of 0.42 eV (0.35 eV) for bromide (chloride) ion mobility. A larger estimated value as compared to the reported values for Cs2AgBiBr6 wafers (∼0.20 eV) reveals a slow mobility of halide ions in thin films of Cs2AgBiBr6/Cl6. The formation of a BiOBr passivation layer at the surface of Cs2AgBiBr6 thin film might be one of the plausible causes of the slow anion diffusion in the present work. Slow ion migration is an indication that the films are stable and of high-quality.
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Kench PS, Liang C, Ford MR, Owen SD, Aslam M, Ryan EJ, Turner T, Beetham E, Dickson ME, Stephenson W, Vila-Concejo A, McLean RF. Reef islands have continually adjusted to environmental change over the past two millennia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:508. [PMID: 36720884 PMCID: PMC9889315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Global environmental change is identified as a driver of physical transformation of coral reef islands over the past half-century, and next 100 years, posing major adaptation challenges to island nations. Here we resolve whether these recent documented changes in islands are unprecedented compared with the pre-industrial era. We utilise radiometric dating, geological, and remote sensing techniques to document the dynamics of a Maldivian reef island at millennial to decadal timescales. Results show the magnitude of island change over the past half-century (±40 m movement) is not unprecedented compared with paleo-dynamic evidence that reveals large-scale changes in island dimension, shape, beach levels, as well as positional changes of ±200 m since island formation ~1,500 years ago. Results highlight the value of a multi-temporal methodological approach to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic trajectories of reef islands, to support development of adaptation strategies at timeframes relevant to human security.
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Saxena A, Dariya SS, Chandra KP, Patil A, Kumar D, Gupta M, Singh NK, Patni B, Sheohara R, Meenakshisundaram L, Hiramath VS, Maheshwari A, Aslam M, Surajeet SK. LDL cholesterol an unmet target in diabetic, hypertensive population pan India exposing susceptive cardiovascular disorder risk. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Management and pathophysiology of diabetes and hypertension has always been the centre of research, with new insights being found consistently. CVD is the major cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and affects approximately 32.2% of people with type 2 diabetes. Southeast Asia stands out with a higher prevalence of CAD (29.4%) compared with other regions.
Purpose
The purpose of this EHR based real world study was to identify the proportion of patients with LDL-C out of control in people living with diabetes and hypertension who were under regular care of physicians. Specialized clinical care by super-specialists ensures management of specific disorders, yet risk factors for overall cardiovascular health continue to be expressed uncontrolled.
Methods
Patients reporting for routine care in 14 centers across the country were eligible to participate in the study. Patient recruitment at each site required informed consent signature, history of at least 6 months of diabetes mellitus type 2, was sequential and independent of other sites. An EMR (Medeva) integrated research proforma was created only for this study which collected data on medical history, comorbidities, diabetic complications, medications and laboratory values of relevance to the study. The recruitment started in March 2022 and ended in August 2022 (6 months).
Results
Average age of these patients was 54.36 years, and 1238 were male and 964 were female patients. Out of this sample, 1388 patients were only diabetic and 814 patients had diabetes as well as hypertension. 256 patients 44.8% patients had LDL-C within acceptable limits and the remaining 51.2% had hyperdyslipidemia. Average LDL-C value for all patients was 107.07, average LDL-C levels in only diabetic patients was 116.51, and LDL in patients with diabetes and hypertension is 90.97. In diabetes only patients, 37% patients had LDL-C under control whereas in diabetes and hypertension group 58% patients had LDL-C under control.
Conclusion
Although diabetic patients are under regular clinical care, their LDL-C values were higher in 55.2% of the patients. This is an alarming signal that calls all the stakeholders - diabetologists, researchers, educators, dieticians, policymakers, government agencies and people with diabetes must contribute towards the management of lipid profile for prevention of cardiovascular events. Also, the proportion of patients with LDL-C under control is lesser in patients who are only diabetic as compared to patients who are both diabetic and hypertensive. This finding suggests that there is either lesser focus or inadequate on lipid profile of patients who are only diabetic; more holistic management is an unprecedented requirement. More research is needed in this direction to recognize the loopholes, manage them and prevent them adequately.
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Qamar MT, Iqbal S, Aslam M, Alhujaily A, Bilal A, Rizwan K, Farooq HMU, Sheikh TA, Bahadur A, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA, Almufarij RS, Elkaeed EB. Transition metal doped CeO 2 for photocatalytic removal of 2-chlorophenol in the exposure of indoor white light and antifungal activity. Front Chem 2023; 11:1126171. [PMID: 37201130 PMCID: PMC10186159 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1126171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides natural sunlight and expensive artificial lights, economical indoor white light can play a significant role in activating a catalyst for photocatalytic removal of organic toxins from contaminated water. In the current effort, CeO2 has been modified with Ni, Cu, and Fe through doping methodology to study the removal of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in the illumination of 70 W indoor LED white light. The absence of additional diffractions due to the dopants and few changes such as reduction in peaks' height, minor peak shift at 2θ (28.525°) and peaks' broadening in XRD patterns of modified CeO2 verifies the successful doping of CeO2. The solid-state absorption spectra revealed higher absorbance of Cu-doped CeO2 whereas a lower absorption response was observed for Ni-doped CeO2. An interesting observation regarding the lowering of indirect bandgap energy of Fe-doped CeO2 (∼2.7 eV) and an increase in Ni-doped CeO2 (∼3.0 eV) in comparison to pristine CeO2 (∼2.9 eV) was noticed. The process of e -- h + recombination in the synthesized photocatalysts was also investigated through photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photocatalytic studies revealed the greater photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CeO2 with a higher rate (∼3.9 × 10-3 min-1) among all other materials. Moreover, kinetic studies also revealed the validation of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model (R2 = 0.9839) while removing 2-CP in the exposure of indoor light with a Fe-doped CeO2 photocatalyst. The XPS analysis revealed the existence of Fe3+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ core levels in doped CeO2. Using the agar well-diffusion method, the antifungal activity was assessed against the fungus M. fructicola and F. oxysporum. Compared to CeO2, Ni-doped CeO2, and Cu-doped CeO2 nanoparticles, the Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles have outstanding antifungal properties.
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Madhu SV, Aslam M, Mishra BK, Mehndiratta M. Rotational night shift work adversely affects expression of TCF7L2 and PPAR-γ genes among healthcare workers with normal glucose tolerance. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Aslam M, Maududi Y. P20 Impact of HPV vaccination on number of surgical procedures required in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and its potential use as an adjuvant. Oral Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Madhu SV, Aslam M, Mishra BK, Gupta A, Jhamb R. Association of 25 (OH) Vitamin D and Leptin in Individuals with Insulin Resistance. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 26:435-438. [PMID: 36618517 PMCID: PMC9815200 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_141_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Asian-Indian individuals with diabetes have been shown to have low vitamin D levels. Whether this hypovitamonisis D is associated with hyperleptinaemia is unclear. Also, whether this association is different in those with and without insulin resistance has not been ascertained. The present study aimed to investigate the association of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) vitamin D] and leptin in individuals with and without insulin resistance. Methods Ninety two individuals were recruited in two study groups (n = 46 each group). First group included individuals with insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] ≥2.0). Second group included those without insulin resistance (HOMA-IR <2.0). Comparison of 25(OH) vitamin D, leptin, anthropometry, and biochemical parameters was done between two groups and correlations between 25(OH) vitamin D, leptin, and HOMA-IR were studied. Results Individuals with insulin resistance were of simiar age (39.6 ± 5.3 years) and body mass index (24.4 ± 3.2 kg/m2) as those without (39.5 ± 5.2 years and 23.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2). Individuals with insulin resistance showed significantly lower 25(OH) vitamin D (17.8 ± 7.1 vs. 22.3 ± 11.6 ng/mL, P = .03) and significantly higher leptin levels (16.9 ± 15.8 vs. 9.6 ± 9.3 ng/mL, P = .09) compared to those without. Significant negative correlation was observed between 25(OH) vitamin D and leptin levels overall (r = -0.3, P = .008). HOMA-IR showed significantly negative correlation with 25(OH) vitamin D levels in individuals with insulin resistance (r = -0.33, P = .027). Conclusion The present study found higher circulating leptin levels and lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels in individuals with insulin resistance. 25(OH) vitamin D levels were inversely associated with leptin levels particularly in women.
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Aslam M, Hussain F, Ahmed N, Jamil A. Isolation and In Silico Characterization of Defensin Genes from Some Indigenous Plant Species of Pakistan. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i41b36280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Damage of crop plants due to pathogenic attacks, postharvest crops spoilage and lethal effects of chemical pesticides has enforced scientists to find some potential natural alternative. Plants produce different types of antimicrobial peptides including defensins in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Defensins are small cysteine rich, cationic peptide with 40-45 amino acid residues with a variety of biological activities. Hence defensins have pharmaceutical and agricultural significance especially wide range of antifungal activities.
Methodology: Nine plant species viz Brassica napus, Brassica nigra, Conyza bonariensis, Alhagi marorum, Sonchus arvensis, Brassica compestris, Eruca sativa, Cirsium arvensis and Brassica juncea were selected for the study. Four set of primers were applied on extracted genomic DNAs and four amplified genes were isolated from different plants species by PCR. The amplified genes were cloned via pTZ57R/T in E.coli. The cloned fragments were sequenced and characterized by different bioinformatics tool such as coding length and peptide sequence, site of cell aggregation, peptide physico-chemical properties, antimicrobial properties and gene expression pattern.
Result: The amplified products from B. napus, B. nigra, B. compestris, E. sativa and B. juncea were about 330 bp in length and showed upto 85% nucleotide homology to the reported defensins. Deduced amino acid sequence from Bn-Def, Es-Def Bj-Def and Bc- Def showed the conserved defensin domain. These sequences were also characterized for different characteristic like charged amino acids, pI value, shelflife and stability. Sonchus arvensis didn’t give any specific product by prescribed set of primers. However the products from Alhagi marorum was about 770 bp and B. napus was of 270 bp but both give homology below 30%.
Conclusion: This study showed that in silico characterization of deduced antimicrobial peptides from different plant species has depicted these as an effective alternative to communal therapeutics. However, further work is needed to verify defensins specific activity at protein level.
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Yadav R, Roy M, Banappanavar G, Aslam M. Cover Picture. Chem Asian J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shiffa M, Aslam M, Kazmi MH, Mansoor Ali S, Fahamiya N, Haque MM. Physicochemical, Phytochemical and HPTLC Analysis of a Novel Combined Herbal Formulation. Int J Pharm Investig 2022. [DOI: 10.5530/ijpi.2022.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Yadav R, Roy M, Banappanavar G, Aslam M. Growth of Hybrid Perovskite Films via Single‐Source Perovskite Nanoparticle Evaporation. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200087. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Roy M, Vikram, Bhawna, Alam A, Aslam M. Photoinduced quasi-2D to 3D phase transformation in hybrid halide perovskite nanoplatelets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27355-27364. [PMID: 34854855 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03529k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a photo-induced quasi-2D to 3D phase transition of MAPbBr3 (MA = CH3NH3) perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs). To begin with, we synthesized quasi-2D MAPbBr3 NPLs (two octahedral layers thick, n = 2). A systematic increase in the thickness of the perovskite platelets is observed as a result of continuous photon irradiation leading to a 78 nm red shift in the emission spectra through different stages. Moreover, the bandgap of the compound decreases from 2.72 eV to 2.2 eV as we move from a quasi-2D to 3D phase. The excitonic Bohr radius of the MAPbBr3 NPLs is found to be 1.8 nm, whereas the thickness of a single layer of PbBr64- octahedra is 5.9 Å. As the layer thickness increases (>4-6 layers), MAPbBr3 NPLs move out of the quantum confinement regime, governed by the red shift in the emission spectra. To complement the experimental results, density functional theory calculations were performed on MAPbBr3 of various layer thicknesses. The van der Waals interaction and a more accurate Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof functional were used to calculate the optical bandgap for MAPbBr3 platelets of different layer thicknesses, which matches exceptionally well with the experimental results. Our findings disclose an interesting and meaningful phenomenon in the emerging hybrid perovskite NPLs and are beneficial for any future development of perovskite-based devices.
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Mishra BK, Madhu SV, Aslam M, Agarwal V, Banerjee BD. Adipose tissue expression of UCP1 and PRDM16 genes and their association with postprandial triglyceride metabolism and glucose intolerance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 182:109115. [PMID: 34718051 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS UCP1 and PRDM16 genes, primarily involved in browning of adipose tissue that can affect lipid metabolism are also associated with diabetes risk. Therefore, we planned to study the adipose tissue expression of UCP1 and PRDM 16 genes in subjects with glucose intolerance to find out its association with postprandial triglyceride (PPTg) measures and T2DM. METHODS A total of 30 subjects were recruited in three groups i.e., NGT, prediabetes and T2DM (NDDM + known T2DM) who were matched for age, sex and BMI. An 8-hour standardized fat challenge test was performed to study lipemic responses. UCP1 and PRDM16 genes quantification in adipose tissue was performed by real-time PCR followed by SDS PAGE. RESULTS UCP1 gene expression in SAT was significantly lower in T2DM and prediabetes as compared to NGT group while PRDM16 gene expression was significantly lower in T2DM group as compared to NGT group. UCP1 gene expression correlated with PPTg measures as well as with glycaemic measures while PRDM16 gene expression correlated with glycaemic measures only. CONCLUSION This study found downregulation of PRDM16 and UCP1 gene expression in SAT in subjects with glucose intolerance. The association of UCP1 gene expression with PPTg dysmetabolism may contribute to greater predisposition to T2DM.
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Kumar V, Jain N, Raizada N, Aslam M, Mehrotra G, Gambhir JK, Singh G, Madhu SV. Postprandial endothelial dysfunction and CIMT after oral fat challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without macrovascular disease - A preliminary study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102317. [PMID: 34695772 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very few studies have reported on association of postprandial lipids and endothelial dysfunction among patients with diabetes. Whether endothelial dysfunction particularly postprandial FMD is worse in patients with T2DM with macrovascular disease compared to those without and whether this difference is related to postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPHTg) is unclear. Therefore, present study was aimed to assess the relationship between PPHTg and endothelial function in patients with T2DM with and without macrovascular disease. METHOD Endothelial dysfunction by FMD and CIMT were compared in patients with T2DM with and without macrovascular disease (n = 13 each group) and 13 age, sex and BMI matched healthy individuals after an oral fat challenge. RESULTS There was significant postprandial deterioration of FMD 4-hr after fat challenge in patients with diabetes (P < 0.001) as well as healthy individuals (P = 0.004). Patients with diabetes with macrovascular disease had significantly lower fasting (5.7 ± 6.1% vs. 22.7 ± 10.0% and vs. 24.7 ± 5.3%) as well as postprandial (4-hr) (3.1 ± 5.0% vs. 15.3 ± 8.1% and vs. 15.4 ± 5.7%) FMD compared to other two groups. Fasting, postprandial as well as change in FMD and CIMT in patients with diabetes correlated significantly with fasting as well as postprandial triglycerides with stronger correlation in those with macrovascular disease. CONCLUSION Study found significant endothelial dysfunction by FMD that shows substantial further deterioration postprandially following high fat meal in patients with diabetes with macrovascular disease compared to patients with diabetes without macrovascular disease and healthy individuals. Study also indicates that PPHTg is a contributor to endothelial dysfunction. However, more studies are required to corroborate these findings.
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Aslam M, Idrees H, Hamm CW, Ladilov Y. Effect of inflammation-mediated endothelial metabolic shift on endothelial barrier function. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The integrity of the endothelial cell barrier of the microvasculature is compromised by inflammation. The increased vascular permeability leads to tissue injury and organ dysfunction. In recent years, considerable advances have been made in the understanding of signalling mechanisms regulating the endothelial barrier integrity. The role of endothelial metabolism as a modulator of endothelial barrier integrity is not yet well-studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of inflammation on endothelial metabolism and its role in the maintenance of endothelial barrier integrity.
Methods
The study was carried out on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and rat coronary microvascular endothelial cells. Inflammatory condition was simulated by treating cells with low concentrations (1 ng/mL) of TNFα for 24h. Endothelial barrier function was analysed by measuring the flux of albumen through endothelial monolayers cultured on filter membranes. Gene expression was analysed by qPCR-based assays. The capacity of endothelial cells for maximal ATP synthesis rate was investigated by the real-time live-cell imaging using FRET-based ATP-biosensor (live cell FRET). Total cellular ATP concentration was measured using luminescence-based commercial kit (ATPLite, PerkinElmer). Mitochondrial mass was analysed by the ratio of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to nuclear DNA (nDNA). The cellular glucose uptake was measured by fluorescent microscopy using a fluorescent analogue of glucose (2-NBDG).
Results
Treatment of human endothelial cells with TNFα resulted in significant suppression of mitochondrial and upregulation of glycolytic ATP synthesis rate, suggesting a metabolic switch. This was accompanied by a reduction in mitochondrial content (mtDNA/nDNA), reduction in total cellular ATP levels, an enhanced expression of glycolytic enzymes 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), and enhanced glucose uptake by endothelial cells (n=5; p<0.05 for all parameters tested). Moreover, TNFα caused a 3-fold increase in endothelial permeability. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis either by partial replacement of glucose with 2-deoxy glucose (2DG) or an inhibition of PFKFB3 resulted in further worsening (a 5-fold increase in permeability) of TNFα-induced endothelial barrier failure. On the other hand pharmacological activation of AMPK, a potent inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis, could attenuate TNFα-induced but not 2DG-induced endothelial hyperpermeability.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates that TNFα induces metabolic switch towards glycolysis in endothelial cells. Moreover, the data suggest that upregulation of glycolysis may serve as an endogenous metabolic adaptation to the TNFα-induced suppression of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, which protects endothelial barrier integrity.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Justus-Liebig University GiessenDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhein-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Lipps C, Yogeswaran A, McNamara J, Wilhelm J, Truschel T, Aslam M, Reischauer S, Voss S, Keller T, Doerr O, Nef H, Hamm CW, Sadayappan S, Troidl C. C0-C1f region of cardiac myosin binding protein-C induces pro-inflammatory responses in fibroblasts. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C is a protein expressed in the myosin thick filament backbone that was recently described as a novel cardiac biomarker. Its N-terminal region, C0-C1f, is released within the first minutes of ischemia and plays a crucial role in the initiation of inflammation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Long-term C0-C1f exposure induces cardiac fibrosis in transgenic mice; however, the mechanism by which C0-C1f causes fibrosis is unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of C0-C1f on fibroblasts, which are the main contributor to cardiac fibrosis, in vitro. We determined whether C0-C1f directly activates fibroblasts and causes a transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts or induces inflammatory responses. Moreover, we clarify whether other cell types could be involved in inducing fibrosis, i.e. by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon C0-C1f interaction.
Methods
A novel human fibroblast cell line (huFib) was treated with C0-C1f, C0-Linker, TGF-β, or LPS for different time periods. Inflammatory and fibrotic responses were evaluated at the RNA and protein level using different techniques including microarray, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence imaging. For signalling pathway analysis, TLR4 and NFκB were inhibited using chemical compounds TAK-242 or Bay11–0785 respectively.
Results
C0-C1f treatment induced an increase in mRNA corresponding to pro-inflammatory genes in huFib cells (i.a. CXL1 upon 24 hours treatment: 29 fold, p<0.001 and CCL2 4-fold, p<0.001). The mRNA expression levels of pro-fibrotic genes such as ACTA2 or COL1A1, which were upregulated by TGF-β, were not reduced by C0-C1f (ACTA2 induced by TGF-β: 3,8 fold, p<0.001, co-stimulation with C0-C1f: 1,8 fold, p=0.11 compared to control; COL1A1 induced by TGF-β: 2,94 fold, p<0.001, co-stimulation with C0-C1f: 2.09 fold (p<0.01) compared to control. Interestingly, co-stimulation of fibroblasts with C0-C1f and TGF-β led also to markedly lower inflammatory response compared to C0-C1f treatment alone (CXCL1 induction upon co-stimulation: 2,0 fold, p<0.001, CCL2: 1,9 fold, p=0.001, which is a reduction by 27 fold, p<0.001 or 2 fold, p=0.002, respectively). Inhibition of TLR4 or NFκB signaling diminished C0-C1f-mediated inflammatory responses.
Conclusion
C0-C1f induces inflammation in fibroblasts via TLR4/NFκB signalling pathway. Downregulation of C0-C1f mediated inflammatory responses upon co-stimulation with TGF-β suggests crosstalk between the two signaling pathways. Contrary, C0-C1f reduced TGF-β mediated pro-fibrotic responses reflected by conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts was not observed. Taken together, these data are consistent with the idea that C0-C1f might play a key role in the early initiation of inflammation upon myocardial infarction, also in fibroblasts, and that TGF-β acts as a counterpart at later stages of cardiac remodeling.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): William G. Kerckhoff Stiftung für wissenschaftliche Forschung und Fortbildung
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Aslam M, Madhu SV, Sharma KK, Sharma AK, Galav V. Hyperleptinaemia and its Association with Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia and Glucose Intolerance. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 25:443-449. [PMID: 35300449 PMCID: PMC8923330 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_393_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leptin resistance is believed to cause insulin resistance though the exact mechanism is not fully understood. The present study aims to investigate the temporal profile of postprandial triglyceride (PPTG) and leptin levels, and their association with each other as well as with markers of metabolic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum leptin and PPTG levels were measured longitudinally till 26 weeks in Wistar rats fed on controlled diet (group 1) and high sucrose diet (HSD) (group 2). Two additional groups fed on HSD were taken and treated with pioglitazone (group 3) and atorvastatin (group 4). Body weight, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and glucose intolerance were also measured during this period. Comparison of the groups were done and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to ascertain the association. RESULTS Leptin levels were significantly higher in all three groups receiving HSD compared to controlled diet group from week 2 to week 26 (P < 0.01). The postprandial triglyceride area under the curve (PPTG AUCs) were significantly higher in group 2 than controls during this period (P < 0.001). Body weight, HOMA-IR and glucose AUC were found to be significantly higher in group 2 rats than controls only from week 6, 8, and 12 respectively. In HSD-fed rats, but not in control, mean serum leptin levels from 2-26 weeks as well as peak (10th week) and 26th week were strongly associated with corresponding as well as preceding PPTG levels. Leptin levels significantly predicted HOMA-IR and prediabetes in group 2. CONCLUSION This study found significant hyperleptinemia associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia that predicted insulin resistance and prediabetes in high sucrose diet-fed rats.
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Aslam M, Rahman S, Javed K, Nazeem F, Mohamed S. Renal-Protective Activity of Dried Gel of Aloe barbadensis (Elwa) on Gentamicin-
Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rats. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083806999201020211934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction::
Elwa (Aloe barbadensis / Aloe vera) also known as Sibr in Unani medicine which is dried juice
obtained by the inspissations and used to treat many diseases, especially digestive disorders, arthritis, gastric ulcer, jaundice,
amenorrhoea, kidney diseases, diseases of spleen and liver, constipation, nervine disorders, wounds, burns, scalds
and other skin diseases.
Methods::
The aim of this study was to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of Aloe barbadensis
gel (ABG) on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six animals
in each. Group I (control); group II, III and IV were administered gentamicin 100 mg/kg/d subcutaneously from day four
to eight. The lower (350 mg/kg) and higher doses (1260 mg/kg) of crude ABG were co-administrated orally in group III
and group IV from day 1. On 9th day animals were sacrificed and serum was studied for blood urea nitrogen and serum
creatinine and kidneys were prepared for histo-pathological analysis. Gentamicin alone treated group showed increased
levels of blood urea nitrogen (118.76 0.90) and creatinine (3.42 0.13) were significantly inhibited in groups pretreated
with lower [blood urea nitrogen (40.130.56); creatinine (1.640.13)] and higher [blood urea nitrogen (55.79 0.71); creatinine
(2.50 0.06)] doses of crude Aloe barbadensis gel.
Results::
The histopathological analysis also showed the protective
nature of Aloe barbadensis gel in gentamicin-induced renal damage.
Discussion::
In conclusion, the biochemical
parameters and histopathological results confirmed nephroprotective effect of the crude Aloe barbadensis gel against gentamicin
induced renal damage.
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Irshad M, Jamal SB, Faheem M, Aslam M, Shafqat SS, Kanwal A. In Silico Approach Towards the Prediction of Drug-Likeness; Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Biphenyl Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221060153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nawaz H, Aslam M, Rehman T. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: Background and recent literature updates on the diagnosis and treatment. Physiol Int 2021; 108:151-171. [PMID: 34166220 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice has been studied by many researchers because of its diverse causes and potential for toxicity especially in the neonate but to a lesser extent beyond the neonate as well. Several studies have been performed on the normal metabolism and metabolic disorders of bilirubin in last decades of the 20th century. The recent advancement in research and technology facilitated for the researchers to investigate new horizons of the causes and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This review gives a brief introduction to hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice and the recent advancement in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. It reports modifications in the previously used methods and findings of some newly developed ones. At present, ample literature is available discussing the issues regarding hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice, but still more research needs to be done.
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Aslam M, Madhu SV, Keithellakpam K, Mehndiratta M, Mishra BK, Neh V. Longterm effects of rotational night shift work on expression of circadian genes and its association with postprandial triglyceride levels - A pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:629-637. [PMID: 33602006 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1881108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of lipid metabolism in the form of high fasting as well as postprandial triglyceride levels immediately after night shift work and under simulated night shift conditions have been reported in the literature. Whether dysregulation of circadian genes in the long term is associated with abnormal triglyceride metabolism has not been previously investigated. This pilot study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of rotational night shift work on the expression of circadian genes among healthcare workers and to ascertain the association between the expression of circadian genes and postprandial triglyceride and insulin resistance parameters. The study was conducted on two groups of healthcare workers (n = 20/group). Group 1 included day shift workers who had not done night shift duty during the past one year or ever. Group 2 included healthcare workers doing rotational night shift duties (≥4 night shift duties/month). Fasting blood samples were collected at 08:00 h to study the expression of circadian genes CLOCK, NPAS2, BMAL1, CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, PER3, REVERBα, and biochemical parameters after which a standardized fat challenge test was done to measure postprandial triglyceride levels. Study of Group 2 individuals was conducted after a minimum of one week after the last night shift duty. Expression of CLOCK, NPAS2, PER1, PER3, and REV-ERBα genes was higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 subjects, and expression of BMAL1 and CRY1 genes were lower in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Several of these genes showed significant correlations with postprandial triglyceride and insulin resistance parameters in Group 2 but not in Group 1 subjects. The present study showed altered expression of several circadian genes in healthcare workers involved in rotational night shift duties associated with postprandial triglyceride and insulin resistance parameters. This study therefore suggests that long term circadian gene dysregulation could have serious metabolic consequences in individuals engaged in rotational night shift duties.
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Bhawna, Roy M, Vikram, Borkar H, Alam A, Aslam M. Spontaneous anion-exchange synthesis of optically active mixed-valence Cs 2Au 2I 6 perovskites from layered CsAuCl 4 perovskites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1478-1481. [PMID: 33443253 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cs2Au2I6, a lead-free photovoltaic material, has been synthesized via controlled and systematic addition of hydroiodic acid (HI) to CsAuCl4. X-ray diffraction studies suggest the formation of Cs2Au2I6 when a threshold concentration of HI is added to CsAuCl4. The final compound shows good stability against light, oxygen and moisture and at temperatures up to 140 °C without any phase degradation. The stability of Cs2Au2I6 is also confirmed by its high negative formation energy and the convex hull diagram constructed using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Absorption studies suggest an abrupt band shift from 2.31 eV to 1.06 eV when HI concentration reaches the threshold limit (∼100 μl). A sharp absorption edge was found for Cs2Au2I6 with an Urbach energy of 59 meV, indicating lower structural disorder and higher crystallinity.
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