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Madan R, Kumar N, Dracham CB, Kumar R, Trivedi G, Tripathi M, Sahoo SK, Singla N, Ahuja CK, Chatterjee D, Yadav A, Goyal S, Khosla D. Prospective Phase II Study of Radiotherapy Dose Escalation in Grade 4 Glioma Using 68Ga-Pentixafor PET Scan. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:e294-e300. [PMID: 38821722 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Local failure remains the major concern in grade 4 glioma or glioblastoma (GBM). Pilot studies have shown a radiotherapy (RT) dose-response relationship in GBM. Here we present our preliminary data of RT dose escalation using 68Ga-Pentixafor PET scan. High 68Ga-pentixafor uptake in glioma cells helps in sharp demarcation between tumour and normal brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS This phase II prospective study was conducted from 2018 to 2020. Thirty, biopsy-proven cases of grade 4 glioma were included. All patients underwent post-operative MRI of the brain and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET scan. RT was planned in 2-phases. Phase-1 GTV (GTV1) comprised of T2/flair abnormality, PET-avid disease and post-op cavity. A margin of 2cm was given to GTV-1 to create phase-1 CTV (CTV1), which was further expanded to 0.5cm to generate phase-1 PTV (PTV1). A radiation dose of 46Gy/23fr was prescribed to PTV-1. Phase-2 GTV (GTV2) consisted of CT/MRI contrast-enhancing lesion, PET avid disease and post-op cavity. A margin of 0.5 cm was given to GTV2 to create phase-2 CTV (CTV2) which was expanded to 0.5 cm to create phase-2 PTV (PTV2). RT dose of 14 Gy/7 fr was prescribed to PTV2. PET avid disease was delineated as GTV PET and a margin of 3mm was given to generate PTV-PET which received escalated RT dose of 21 Gy/7fr by simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in phase 2 (Total dose to PTV PET = 67 Gy/30 fr). All patients received concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. The data was prospectively maintained in Microsoft Excel sheet. SPSS v 23 was used for statistical analysis. The primary endpoints were estimation of the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoint was to measure the incidence of radiation necrosis. Categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage and quantitative variables were reported as median and range. RESULTS Data from thirty patients were analysed. A median OS of 23 months was observed with estimated 1, 2 and 3 years OS of 90%, 40% and 17.8% respectively. A significant association of OS was seen with the extent of surgery (p = 0.04) and kernofsky performance status (p = 0.007). No patient developed significant radiation necrosis. CONCLUSIONS The index study did not show any survival benefit from dose escalation RT. However, all of the patients tolerated the treatment well and none of them developed radiation necrosis. Considering the small sample size as a limitation of the index study, the role of 68Ga-pentixafor PET scan for radiation dose escalation should be further explored. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER CTRI/2019/05/019146.
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Sakr S, Inoue K, Mohamed A, Ahmed AA, ElFeky MG, Saleh GM, Kamar MS, Arae H, Aono T, Sahoo SK. Distribution of natural radionuclides in NORM samples from North Abu Rusheid area, Egypt. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 266-267:107240. [PMID: 37418811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The North Abu Rusheid area in Egypt is a well-known high background natural radiation area (HBNRA) due to the existence of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) in mylonitic rocks. In this study, 27 rock samples were selected for dose estimation studies. 238U and 232Th were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and 40K was measured using sodium iodide (thallium) gamma-ray spectroscopy. The ranges of activity concentrations (Bq/kg) of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the samples varied from 270 ± 2 to 2120 ± 29, 350 ± 2 to 1840 ± 27 and 20 ± 2 to 1390 ± 35 with mean values of 980 ± 349, 770 ± 351, and 640 ± 402 Bq/kg, respectively. The radiological hazard parameters were estimated from activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K and compared to United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) values. The present study revealed that the hazard parameters were several times higher than the worldwide averages. The U/Th concentration ratio ranged from 0.7 to 3 and could be attributed to the presence of kasolite, uranothorite, zircon, and columbite in mylonitic rocks. From the radiological protection viewpoint, it is necessary to monitor natural radionuclides in these rocks prior to their use in residential and commercial construction materials.
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Mishra MK, Jha SK, Patra AC, Mishra DG, Sahoo SK, Sahu SK, Verma GP, Saindane SS, Mitra P, Garg S, Pulhani V, Saradhi IV, Choudhury P, Kumar AV, Sapra BK, Kulkarni MS, Aswal DK. Generation of map on natural environmental background absorbed dose rate in India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 262:107146. [PMID: 36898251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A systematic mapping of natural absorbed dose rate was carried out to assess the existing exposure situation in India. The mammoth nationwide survey covered the entire terrestrial region of the country comprising of 45127 sampling grids (grid size 36 km2) with more than 100,000 data points. The data was processed using Geographic Information System. This study is based on established national and international approaches to provide linkage with conventional geochemical mapping of soil. Majority (93%) of the absorbed dose rate data was collected using handheld radiation survey meters and remaining were measured using environmental Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters. The mean absorbed dose rate of the entire country including several mineralized regions, was found to be 96 ± 21 nGy/h. The median, Geometric Mean and Geometric Standard Deviation values of absorbed dose rate were 94, 94 and 1.2 nGy/h, respectively. Among the High Background Radiation Areas of the country, absorbed dose rate varied from 700 to 9562 nGy/h in Karunagappally area of Kollam district, Kerala. The absorbed dose rate in the present nationwide study is comparable with the global database.
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Brar PK, Kang BK, Chhuneja PK, Sahoo SK. Dissipation kinetics of imidacloprid in cotton flower, nectariferous tissue, pollen and Apis mellifera products using QuEChERS method. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:662-670. [PMID: 34647410 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of Apis mellifera to neonicotinoid insecticides is one of the factors attributed to the recent decline in A. mellifera populations resulting in economic and ecological losses due to loss of pollination services. Honey bees can get exposed to neonicotinoids like imidacloprid directly in the field at the time of application as well as during consumption of pollen and nectar from treated plants. So, the fate of imidacloprid in commodities to which honey bees get exposed needs to be overhauled. RESULTS Residue of imidacloprid was investigated following imidacloprid application as seed treatment (2.4 and 4.8 g a.i. kg-1 seed) at the time of sowing and as foliar spray (17.8 and 35.6 g a.i. ha-1 ) at 70 days after sowing when the crop was at full bloom stage. The imidacloprid residue was below limit of quantification (LOQ) in flowers, necatariferous tissue, pollen from seed-treated cotton plants and honey collected from hives kept in plots with seed-treated cotton plants. However, average initial imidacloprid residue (2 h after spray) was 1.84 and 1.95 mg kg-1 in flowers; 0.22 and 0.24 mg kg-1 in nectariferous tissue; 0.88 and 0.96 mg kg-1 in pollen collected from plants sprayed with imidacloprid @ 17.8 g a.i. ha-1 at locations Faridkot and Bathinda, respectively. The average initial imidacloprid residue (21 days after spray) in honey collected from hives was 0.01 mg kg-1 . CONCLUSION The residue in different substrates sampled from seed treated cotton plants was below LOQ. However, its foliar spray at bloom time resulted in imidacloprid residue in flower, nectariferous tissue, pollen and honey sampled from hives placed in plots. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Kumar P, Sinha RK, Daniel A, Shah H, Sriswan R, Kokane A, Mohapatra A, Kashyap V, Goel AK, Kumar V, Kiran A, Arlappa N, Joshi A, Nayak RR, Singh M, Salasibew M, Ghosh S, Pawar SM, Mishra P, Tiwari K, Bhattacharjee S, Saiyed F, Patel TS, Nayak PK, Sahoo SK, Prajapati M, Sinha S, de Wagt A. Effectiveness of community-based treatment programs for treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnourished children aged 6-59 months using locally produced nutrient dense foods: protocol for a multicentric longitudinal quasi-experimental study. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:85. [PMID: 34906257 PMCID: PMC8672603 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major underlying cause of mortality among children. Around one third of the world's acutely malnourished children live in India. The WHO recommends community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) for managing children with SAM. In India, different states are implementing community-based SAM treatment programme, hereinafter called CSAM, using varieties of locally produced nutrient dense food items with different nutrient compositions. The study will assess the effectiveness of these state specific CSAM interventions. METHODS The longitudinal quasi-experimental study will be undertaken in two purposively selected blocks of one district each in the four intervention states and one comparison state. From each state, 200 SAM children identified using weight-for-length/height z-score (WHZ) < - 3 criteria will be enrolled in the study. Their anthropometric data and skinfold thickness will be taken on admission, at sixth week and at discharge by trained field investigators. Other child details, incidence of morbidity and socio-economic details will be collected on admission. To assess food consumption pattern including consumption of locally produced nutrient dense food supplements, dietary assessment, using 24-h dietary recall will be conducted on admission, at sixth week and at discharge. In addition, body composition parameters will be assessed for a sub-set of children using bio-electrical impedance analysis on admission and at discharge to analyse changes in total body water, fat-free mass, and fat mass. Post discharge, all study participants will be followed up monthly until 6 months. Atleast 10% of the sample will be checked for quality assessment. The study's primary outcome is cure rate defined as children attaining WHZ ≥ -2. Secondary outcomes include mean weight gain, mean length of stay, body composition parameters, relapse and mortality rates. Additionally, process evaluation and cost effectiveness analysis will be conducted. DISCUSSION There is a shortage of robust evidence regarding the effectiveness of locally produced nutrient dense food supplements provided as part of the CSAM intervention in India. This study will contribute to evidence on effective strategies to manage children with uncomplicated SAM in India. The study protocol has all necessary ethical approvals. Written informed consent will be obtained from caregivers of the children. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered with Clinical Trial Registration of India (Registration No.: CTRI/2020/09/028013 ) Date of registration 24/09/2020.
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Sahoo SK, Jalaluddin M, Bhuyan L, Dash KC, Mishra S, Mishra P. Assessment of Cytokine and Herpesvirus Level in Peri-implantitis and Healthy Patients. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S1418-S1421. [PMID: 35018002 PMCID: PMC8687024 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_233_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to assess level of cytokine and herpesvirus in peri-implantitis and healthy patients. METHODOLOGY Fifty patients with healthy dental implant (Group I) and dental implant with peri-implantitis (Group II) were enrolled. The level of interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, MCP-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and herpesvirus was estimated. RESULTS The mean IL-1 β level was 1.54 in Group I and 5.12 in Group II, IL-2 was 0.05 in Group I and 0.02 in Group II, IL-4 was 0.018 in Group I and 0.0021 in Group II, IL-6 was 0.83 in Group I and 0.92 in Group II, MCP-1 was 64.5 in Group I and 23.1 in Group II, and TNF-alpha was 1.54 in Group I and 1.05 in Group II. There was a significant higher level of TNF-alpha in virus + patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The cytokine level was increased in patients with peri-implantitis as compared to patients with healthy dental implants. Virus-positive patients exhibited higher cytokine levels than virus-negative patients.
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Brar PK, Kang BK, Rasool R, Sahoo SK. Validation of QuEChERS Method for Estimation of Imidacloprid and its Metabolites in Cotton Flower, Pollen, Nectariferous Tissue and Honey. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:74-79. [PMID: 34410379 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of Apis mellifera to neonicotinoid insecticides is one of the factors attributed to the recent decline in Apis mellifera populations resulting in economic and ecological losses due to loss of pollination services. Honeybees can get exposed to neonicotinoids like imidacloprid directly in the field at the time of application as well as during consumption of pollen and nectar from treated plants. In addition, some metabolites of imidacloprid are more toxic than the parent compound. So, the fate of imidacloprid and its metabolites in commodities to which honeybees get exposed needs to be overhauled. OBJECTIVE To validate QuEChERS method for estimation of imidacloprid and its metabolites in cotton flower, pollen, nectariferous tissue and honey using HPLC. METHODS The QuEChERS method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, matrix match, accuracy, and precision. The estimation of residues was done by HPLC. RESULTS Recoveries of imidacloprid and its metabolites for cotton flowers, nectariferous tissue, pollen and honey samples were in the range of 80.42 to 99. 83%. LOQ for imidacloprid and its metabolites was 0.01 ug/g. Acceptable precision (RSD < 20%) was obtained. CONCLUSIONS The method allows simple and fast extraction of imidacloprid and its metabolites from cotton flower, pollen, nectariferous tissue and honey. HIGHLIGHTS An accurate, simple, and sensitive analytical method was validated for imidacloprid and its metabolites. The method was validated according to the SANTE/12682/2019 guidelines.
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Mishra MK, Ravi PM, Chinnaesakki S, Anilkumar S, Sahoo SK. Protocol for sampling and analysis of food and agricultural produces consequent to a nuclear accident in India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 234:106621. [PMID: 33991742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear accidents, despite having an extremely low probability of occurrence, could cause uncontrolled release of radioactive elements (fission and activation products) into the environment, and may ultimately lead to contamination of food products. Such a scenario requires extraordinary measures for control of food, which might be contaminated to a level not suitable for human consumption. Agricultural products (which include grain crops, vegetable, fruits, dairy, meat, eggs and poultry) pass through a series of local, district and state level markets to finally reach consumers. An effective intervention at different stages of distribution by targeted sampling and analysis of suspected (contaminated) foodstuffs will substantially reduce the chances of contaminated food to reach the public. At the same time, it will also ensure food security of the people without imposing unreasonable restrictions in market flow. This can also help in getting the farmers adequately compensated. This paper presents a protocol for sampling and analysis suitable for India, considering the diversity with respect to climate, soil type, land use, crop pattern, population density, etc. The paper also provides an estimate of infrastructure requirement to carry out environmental monitoring following the emergency with respect to human resources and instruments. The paper proposes to use the national web portal for collection of data pertaining to crop pattern, land use and market flow. A web-based decision support system (Web-DSS) on a GIS platform, for sampling, analysis and display of data online would enhance the transparency of decision being taken and enable the administrators to effectively monitor the work flow, details of sample collection, analysis and effective use of human and other resources.
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Kasar S, Mishra S, Sahoo SK, Kavasi N, Omori Y, Arae H, Sorimachi A, Aono T. Sorption-desorption coefficients of uranium in contaminated soils collected around Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 233:106617. [PMID: 33866199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Various radionuclides including fission products and heavy nuclides were released into the environment during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident. The dissolution followed by migration of deposited radionuclides of Cs, Sr and U on soils could take place to the local environment. Therefore, it is necessary to determine sorption-desorption coefficients of U in soil-water system around the FDNPS from a migration viewpoint. The determination of sorption coefficient Kd(S) as well as desorption coefficient Kd(D) for U has been carried out in the present study using a laboratory batch method. Stable U was used for sorption from simulated ground water onto contaminated soil samples collected from Okuma Town, Fukushima. Different soil parameters were measured to understand their effects on sorption and desorption processes. The obtained Kd(S) and Kd(D) values of U were compared with values of Kd(S) and Kd(D) of Cs and Sr and Kd(S)-U in known Fukushima accident contaminated soils reported in the literature for better understanding. It was observed that Kd(S)-U varied from 160 to 5100 L/kg, whereas Kd(D)-U ranged from 200 to 11000 L/kg. Kd(D) was higher than Kd(S) for U in these soils implying irreversibility of the sorption process. Pearson's correlation of Kd(S) values suggested that U sorption is affected by various soil parameters. However, desorption is decided by the nature of U species formed in sorption process and soil parameters like pH, presence of carbonates, Ca ions, clay minerals etc. to some extent. The comparison between Kd(S) and Kd(D) values for Cs, Sr and U revealed that unsorbed Sr could migrate farther than unsorbed Cs or U under the present experimental conditions. Both sorption and desorption studies are of great importance to understand migration of metal ions from contaminated sites to local uncontaminated areas.
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Murugan R, Kavasi N, Sahoo SK, Omori Y, Sorimachi A, Takahashi H, Aono T. Measurement of uranium isotope ratios in Fukushima-accident contaminated soil samples using multi collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 232:106568. [PMID: 33740532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, 137Cs and 238U activity concentrations, 234U/238U activity ratio, and 235U/238U isotope ratio were measured in fifteen soil samples collected from the exclusion zone around the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS). The 137Cs activity concentrations of Fukushima-accident contaminated soil samples ranged from 29.9 to 4780 kBq kg-1 with a mean of 2007 kBq kg-1. On the other hand, the 238U activity concentrations of these soil samples ranged from 5.2 to 22.4 Bq kg-1 with a mean of 13.2 Bq kg-1. The activity ratios of 234U/238U ranged from 0.973 to 1.023. The 235U/238U isotope ratios of these exclusion zone soil samples varied from 0.007246 to 0.007260, and they were similar to the natural terrestrial ratio confirming the natural origin. Using isotope dilution technique, the 235U/137Cs activity ratio was theoretically estimated for highly 137Cs contaminated soil samples from Fukushima exclusion zone ranged from 5.01 × 10-8 - 6.16 × 10-7 with a mean value of 2.51 × 10-7.
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Veerasamy N, Murugan R, Kasar S, Inoue K, Kavasi N, Balakrishnan S, Arae H, Fukushi M, Sahoo SK. Geochemical characterization of monazite sands based on rare earth elements, thorium and uranium from a natural high background radiation area in Tamil Nadu, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 232:106565. [PMID: 33714078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Kanyakumari coastal area in the southernmost part of Tamil Nadu, India is a well-known natural high background radiation area due to the abundance of monazite in beach placer deposits. In the present study, the concentrations of major oxides, rare earth elements (REEs), Th and U were measured to understand geochemical characteristics of these monazite sands. Based on the ambient dose rate, 23 locations covering an area of about 60 km along the coast were selected for sample collection. The concentrations of U and Th ranged from 1.1 to 737.8 μg g-1 and 25.2-12250.6 μg g-1, respectively. The Th/U ratio ranged from 2.2 to 61.6, which clearly indicated that Th was the dominant contributing radionuclide to the enhanced natural radioactivity in this coastal region. The chondrite-normalized REEs pattern of the placer deposits showed enrichment in light REEs and depletion in heavy REEs with a negative Eu anomaly that indicated the monazite sands were derived from granite, charnockite, and granitoid rocks from the Nagercoil and the Trivandrum Blocks of the Southern Granulite Terrain.
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Kumar N, Madan R, Gupta K, Chatterjee D, Uppal DK, Goyal S, Ballari N, Khosla D, Sahoo SK, Ahuja CK. Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes: A tertiary care centre experience. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 202:106508. [PMID: 33556852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is an extremely rare and highly aggressive tumor. It includes three distinct entities i.e, embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR), ependymoblastoma (EBL) and medulloepithelioma (MEPL). Here, we present our institutional experience of seven ETMR cases treated over a period of five years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients' records from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed manually and electronically to retrieve the data. Clinicopathological and outcome details of ETMR cases were entered in a predesigned proforma. RESULTS A total of seven cases of ETMR were registered from 2015 to 2019 with a median age at presentation of four years (range 3-7 years). All patients underwent surgery. However, only three patients completed the planned adjuvant treatment, comprising of focal radiotherapy (RT) alone, craniospinal irradiation (CSI) alone and CSI followed by six cycles of chemotherapy in one patient each respectively. Two patients commenced CSI but deteriorated during RT and thereafter needed best supportive care. Two patients could not be started on any adjuvant treatment. Unfortunately, six patients succumbed to their disease within one year of their diagnosis. Only one patient who received both CSI and adjuvant chemotherapy is alive at 15 months of diagnosis. CONCLUSION ETMR is a rare and aggressive entity. Majority of the patients die within one year of the diagnosis despite multimodality treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Brain Neoplasms/therapy
- Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/diagnostic imaging
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/mortality
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/therapy
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/diagnostic imaging
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/mortality
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/pathology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/therapy
- Neurosurgical Procedures
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Tertiary Care Centers
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Savitri PP, Murty TS, Sudhakar J, Krishna NS, Sahoo SK, Gupta A, Kumar AV. Ingestion dose due to 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K in the plant origin food materials grown around BARC, Visakhapatnam. RADIATION PROTECTION AND ENVIRONMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/rpe.rpe_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Panda A, Bandyopadhyay A, Mohiddin G, Raghuvanshi M, Sahoo SK, Bhuyan L. Can Increased Metabolic Status be a Grading Tool for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Glucose Transporter 1 Immunoexpression Study. Niger J Surg 2019; 25:203-207. [PMID: 31579378 PMCID: PMC6771186 DOI: 10.4103/njs.njs_17_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) is a GLUT protein whose expression is upregulated in malignant cells where enhanced uptake of glucose is observed. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of GLUT-1 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue sections using immunohistochemistry and to describe the relationship between increased metabolic status and the grades of OSCC. Materials and Methods: This is cross-sectional study with 76 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of OSCC, obtained from the archives of the department. All the cases were scored using Bryne's grading system by three oral pathologists independently. The tissue sections were then stained using immunohistochemistry with anti-GLUT-1 rabbit monoclonal antibody. Results: Staining intensity and localization of positively stained slides were evaluated. Overall, a significant correlation between Bryne's histopathological grading system for OSCC and GLUT-1 immunohistochemical expression was observed. Thus, high GLUT-1 expressions are observed with increasing grades of OSCC. Conclusion: This study shows that a significant positive correlation exists between GLUT-1 immunoexpression and histological grading of OSCC. Thus, GLUT-1 expression can be used as a diagnostic adjunct and prognostic marker for OSCC patients.
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Žunic ZS, Benedik L, Kritsananuwat R, Veselinovic N, Tokonami S, Arae H, Stojanovska Z, Sahoo SK. MEASUREMENT OF URANIUM IN URINE, HAIR AND NAILS IN SUBJECTS OF NISKA BANJA TOWN, A HIGH NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION AREA OF SERBIA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 184:319-323. [PMID: 31034562 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urine, hair and nail samples were collected from a population of both sex aged from 40 to 87 years in Niška Banja (227 km south of Belgrade, Serbia) with a high level of natural radioactivity (HLNRA). To assess and monitor the public exposure, urine samples for each subject (24 h period) were collected and concentration of uranium (U) was analysed using alpha-particle spectrometry. Human hair and nails considered as bio-indicators of the public exposure to radionuclides over a long period of months or even years and concentration of U was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of U in urine, hair and nail were 123 ng/L, 17 ng/g and 8 ng/g, respectively. There was a large variation and may be due to geological origin.
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Veerasamy N, Sahoo SK, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Tsuruoka H, Arae H, Balakrishnan S. NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND DOSE ASSESSMENT OF BEACH PLACER SANDS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF TAMIL NADU (INDIA). RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 184:409-412. [PMID: 31038715 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary study was carried out to determine the radioactivity concentration of 232Th, 226Ra and 40K in beach placer sands from 13 locations along the coast line of Tamil Nadu state, India. The ambient dose rates varied from 9 to 467 nGy h-1. The activity concentrations of radionuclide 232Th, 226Ra and 40K ranged from 5.2 to 683 Bq kg-1, 13 to 198 Bq kg-1 and 107 to 421 Bq kg-1, respectively. The annual effective dose rate ranges from 27 to 620 μSv y-1 and was higher at seven beaches in comparison to the UNSCEAR annual worldwide average value.
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Kasar S, Sahoo SK, Arae H, Mishra S, Tokonami S, Aono T. URANIUM, THORIUM AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN FUKUSHIMA SOIL SAMPLES. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 184:363-367. [PMID: 31330003 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Uranium, thorium and rare earth elements (REEs) in soil samples contaminated by Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This information provides knowledge about concentration levels of REEs in soil samples as a background data after FDNPP accident. Chondrite-normalised REEs pattern does not show enrichment in concentrations of REEs, which could be related to FDNPP accident. The high concentration of these elements at few sampling points may be due to soil formation process from granitic rocks.
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Mishra S, Kasar S, Takamasa A, Veerasamy N, Sahoo SK. Measurement of uranium distribution coefficient and 235U/ 238U ratio in soils affected by Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 198:36-42. [PMID: 30580113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident resulted radioactive contamination in soil due to deposition of mainly radiocesium as well as many long-lived radionuclides surrounding a large area around FDNPP. Depending upon environmental conditions, radionuclides in soil can be mobilized in aquatic systems. Therefore, the fate and transfer of these radionuclides in the soil water system is very important for radiation protection and dose assessment. In the present study, soil and water samples were collected from contaminated areas around FDNPP. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used for total uranium concentration. Emphasis has been given on isotope ratio measurement of 235U/238U ratio using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) that gives us the idea about its contamination during accident. For the migration behavior, its distribution coefficient (Kd) has been determined using laboratory batch method. Chemical characterization of soil with respect to different parameters has been carried out. The effect of these soil parameters on distribution coefficient of uranium has been studied in order to explain the radionuclide mobility in this particular area. The distribution coefficient values for uranium are found to vary from 30 to 36000 L/kg. A large variation in the distribution coefficient values shows the retention or mobility of uranium is highly dependent on soil characteristics in the particular area. This variation is explained with respect to soil pH, Fe, Mn, CaCO3 and organic content. There is a very good correlation of uranium Kd obtained with Fe content. There is no enrichment of 235U has been noticed in the studied area.
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Sharma T, Sharma A, Kaur I, Mahajan RK, Litoria PK, Sahoo SK, Bajwa BS. Uranium distribution in groundwater and assessment of age dependent radiation dose in Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts of Punjab, India. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:607-616. [PMID: 30554048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of seasonal variation of uranium distribution in groundwater of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts of Punjab, India and assessment of associated radiological risks, chemical risks and effective radiation dose for different age groups, was conducted to determine its health impact on humans residing in these regions. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, total hardness and contents of various anions such as carbonates/bicarbonates, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, sulphates and phosphates in groundwater were also analysed to determine correlation between groundwater chemistry and uranium distribution. The average values of uranium concentration in ground water samples of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts were found to be 8.6 μg L-1, 4.3 μg L-1 and 3.0 μg L-1, respectively, in pre-monsoon and 8.8 μg L-1, 4.9 μg L-1 and 3.4 μg L-1, respectively, in post-monsoon. The uranium concentration in majority of the ground water samples was found to be below the permissible limit of 30 μg L-1 recommended by World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). In all three districts, TDS, EC and bicarbonates were found to have positive correlation with observed uranium contents in both seasons. The annual effective dose due to ingestion of uranium through drinking water was found to be less than the prescribed limit of 100 μSv y-1 given by WHO (2004). Radiological and chemical toxicity risk assessment of uranium in groundwater was also carried out and found to be within the permissible values of 1.67 × 10-4 and 4.53 μg kg-1 day-1 respectively, recommended by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB, 2004).
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Kierepko R, Sahoo SK, Hosoda M, Tokonami S, Sorimachi A, Kim E, Ohno M. 238Pu/ (239+240)Pu activity ratio as an indicator of Pu originating from the FDNPP accident in the terrestrial environment of Fukushima Prefecture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 196:133-140. [PMID: 30453130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has caused significant radionuclide contamination. Pu isotopes at the level of GBq were released from the damaged reactors to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In this work, 35 samples were collected at different locations of Fukushima. Samples consisted of three types, soil, forest litter and alluvial dust (road dust, sludges from drainage systems and below gutter pipe outflows). The obtained activity ratios of 238Pu/(239+240)Pu ranged from 0.030 to 1.86. 14 of our samples contained trace amounts of Pu originating from the damaged reactors (2SM verification). Our study identified a few previously unknown "hot spots" of 238Pu/(239+240)Pu activity ratio localized in an area between 15 and 30 km in the northwest direction from the FDNPP. Additionally, results obtained in this study combined with previously published data allowed us to prepare a map of spatial distribution of the Pu isotope fingerprints (238Pu/(239+240)Pu) in Fukushima Prefecture.
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Somboon S, Kavasi N, Sahoo SK, Inoue K, Arae H, Tsuruoka H, Shimizu H, Fukushi M. Radiocesium and 40K distribution of river sediments and floodplain deposits in the Fukushima exclusion zone. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 195:40-53. [PMID: 30243099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, radiocesium and 40K analysis were accomplished for samples of riverbed sediments and floodplain deposits collected from five rivers in the vicinity (<20 km) of the damaged Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after seven years of the accident. Sediment particle size distribution and major oxide content were determined also for six selected samples to understand the retention and migration process of radiocesium in river environments. The radiocesium activity concentration varied from 103 ± 6 Bq·kg-1 to 22,000 ± 500 Bq·kg-1 in riverbed sediments and from 92 ± 5 Bq·kg-1 to 117,000 ± 2000 Bq·kg-1 in floodplain deposits. The 134Cs/137Cs ratio (decay corrected to 15 March 2011) was 1.02 in the both samples. Compared to monitoring results in 2011, it was proved that the radiocesium distribution pattern had been changed remarkably during seven years. The radiocesium was primarily attached to fine clay particles but its sorption on sand and coarse sand particles was also considerable. The sorption process of radiocesium was not affected by the presence of water and moreover, after seven years of the Fukushima accident, a significant radiocesium migration cannot be expected without particle migration. Consequently, radiocesium will remain for a long time in the river environments and its redistribution is mainly affected by the erosion process of the sediments. The average 40K activity concentration of riverbed sediment and floodplain deposit samples was 640 ± 152 Bq·kg-1 changing from 319 ± 18 Bq·kg-1 to 916 ± 41 Bq·kg-1. In the river estuary zones, significant activity concentration decrements were observed for both radionuclides. This suggests that seawater intrusion has a decreasing effect on both natural and artificial radionuclides via wash-out of particulate radiocesium and 40K, and desorption of these radionuclides, but to reveal the detail of this process further investigations are required. The analysis of 40K can help in a simple and easy way to reveal the mineral composition differences of sediment samples.
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Janik M, Al-Azmi D, Sahoo SK. THE SCREENING INDOOR RADON AND PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INDOOR THORON CONCENTRATION LEVELS IN KUWAIT. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2018; 181:246-254. [PMID: 29438569 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Indoor measurements of radon and thoron in Kuwait were conducted during the years 2015 and 2016. In this study, 65 dwellings were selected for the long-term radon-thoron survey using passive nuclear track monitors. The monitors (at least one) were used at various locations in the dwellings for 83-306 days. Some measurements were also repeated at the same locations in different seasons. This current study is a preliminary thoron survey with relatively small sample size. The results showed that the range of thoron concentration was from below the lower limit of detection to 35 Bq m-3, whereas the range of radon concentration was within 10-202 Bq m-3. Furthermore, 22% of the radon results exceeded the WHO radon reference level of 100 Bq m-3. The analysis of variance showed a correlation between indoor radon concentration and the season. However, the thoron measurements were rather limited and the values were low. In addition, the relationship was investigated between radon and thoron concentrations involving the floor levels and the type of ventilation systems used.
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Mishra S, Kritika C, Bajoria AA, Choudhury P, Sahoo SK, Sangamesh NC. Estimation of Salivary and Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:289-295. [PMID: 30123759 PMCID: PMC6071348 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_214_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to estimate the serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and to study the association between serum and salivary LDH levels and mouth opening, frequency of habit, and duration of habit in patients with OSMF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were divided into two groups: Group I - case group diagnosed with OSMF and Group II - the control group. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all the participants. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry method was carried out with the help of LDH (P-L) kit (Crest Biosystems, Goa). Collection of blood sample was done under aseptic precautions and processed for LDH. The data were analyzed using SPSS software 2010 (version 19, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics including mean, range, standard deviation, and percentage were used along with unpaired t-test and Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS All the participants were male and were in the age range of 18-60 years, with a mean age of 28.63 ± 10.39 years. The mean salivary LDH levels in patients with OSMF were 1057.30 ± 640.12 μg/dl and in the control group were 668.25 ± 498.45 μg/dl. The mean serum LDH level in patients with OSMF was 408.35 ± 158.35 μg/dl as compared to the control group was 313.05 ± 82.69 μg/dl. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between serum LDH and frequency of habit, duration of habit, and mouth opening was found to be 0.55, 0.53, and 0.69, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between salivary LDH and frequency of habit, duration of habit, and mouth opening was found to be 0.33, 0.04, and 0.13, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between salivary LDH and serum LDH was found to be -0.18. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant increase in the serum and salivary LDH in OSMF patients as compared to controls; the salivary LDH did not seem to correlate with frequency of the habit, duration of the habit, or mouth opening of OSMF patients. However, serum LDH was found to correlate directly with frequency of the habit and mouth opening in OSMF patients. Hence, based on the results of the present study, it can be hypothesized that serum LDH is a better biological marker than salivary LDH in the evaluation of OSMF.
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Lenka P, Gupta A, Sahoo SK, Kale PK, Ravi PM, Tripathi R. Improvement in minimum detectable activity for low energy gamma by optimization in counting geometry. RADIATION PROTECTION AND ENVIRONMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/rpe.rpe_12_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lenka P, Gupta A, Sahoo SK, Patra A, Kumar AV, Ravi PM, Tripathi R. Study of equilibrium status among uranium and thorium series radionuclides in soil samples from Visakhapatnam, India. RADIATION PROTECTION AND ENVIRONMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/rpe.rpe_13_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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