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Zhang ZH, Wang QD, Wang ZW, Jiang WT, Liu PL, Kang YS, Su K, Mei W. [The clinical effect of ultrasonic bone curette-assisted "zoning" style laminectomy for the treatment of severe ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2021; 59:940-946. [PMID: 34743458 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20210510-00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of "zoning" style laminectomy by ultrasonic bone curette in patients with severe thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum(TOLF). Methods: The clinical data of 36 patients with severe TOLF treated by "zoning" style laminectomy at Department of Spinal Surgery,Zhengzhou Orthopaedic Hospital from October 2015 to October 2018 were respectively analyzed.There were 17 males and 19 females,aged(57.3±10.2)years(range:43 to 80 years).According to the anatomical characteristics of the thoracic ligamentum flavum and the pathological process of ossionization,each decompression segment was divided into the upper 1/3 area of the lamina,the bilateral area of the ossionum flavum,the transitional area,and the area of close contact between the ossionum flavum and the spinal cord.Different surgical strategies were used for decompression in turn.The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) was used to evaluate the neurological function status before and after surgery,to evaluate the surgical effect of patients,and to observe the surgical complications.Paired sample T test was used for data analysis. Results: All 36 patients successfully completed the operation,the operation time was (88.6±24.6) minutes(range:60 to 150 minutes).The intraoperative blood loss was (426.7±167.4) ml(range:250 to 800 ml).Follow-up time was (27.2±7.7) months(range:12 to 48 months).The mJOA score at the last follow-up was 9.0±1.5,which was statistically significant compared with the preoperative score 5.4±1.8 (t=13.59,P<0.01).The improvement rate of mJOA score was (65.7±22.1) %,of which 17 cases were excellent (47.2%),13 cases were good (36.1%),4 cases were normal (11.1%),2 cases were ineffective (5.6%).Ten patients had cerebrospinal fluid leakage during the separation or removal of dural ossification and were cured after a series of comprehensive conservative treatment.Two patients showed transient neurological deterioration,and the neurological function gradually recovered to the preoperative state after comprehensive treatment such as increasing the mean arterial pressure and using neurotrophic drugs.During the follow-up,no aggravation of neurological dysfunction and segmental kyphosis were found. Conclusions: The ultrasonic bone curette-assisted "zoning" style laminectomy for the treatment of severe TOLF can directly observed the position relationship between ossification of the ligamentum flavum and the spinal canal structure during the operation,and accurately guide the surgical decompression.It has the advantages of safe operation and complete decompression,which provides an important reference for the selection of clinical surgery.
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Kang YS, Pennacchietti V, Schulz M, Schwarz K, Thomale UW. Biparietal meander expansion technique for sagittal suture synostosis in patients older than 1 year of age-technical note. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:2039-2044. [PMID: 33682045 PMCID: PMC8184553 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sagittal suture synostosis (SSS) is the most common form of craniosynostosis. For older patients, the strategy for surgical correction needs to consider diminished growth dynamics of the skull and an active reconstruction cranioplasty aims to sustain stability for the active child. We describe our technique of biparietal meander expansion (BME) technique for SSS for patients older than 1 year and retrospectively reviewed the perioperative course as well as the subjective experience of patients and caregivers during follow-up. METHODS The BME technique incorporates bilateral serpentine craniotomies and fixation of the consecutively expanded bone tongues with crossing sutures for patients with SSS older than 12 months of age at surgery. We reviewed patients undergoing this surgical technique for correction of SSS and collected data about the clinical course and performed a patients reported outcome measure (PROM) for patients or caregivers to evaluate subjective experience and outcome after surgical treatment. RESULTS BME was performed in 31 patients (8 females; median age: 43 months; range 13-388). The mean length of operation was 172.7±43 minutes (range 115-294). Patients experienced no immediate complications or neurological morbidity after surgery. Considering a total of 21 completed PROM questionnaires, the head shape after surgery was evaluated as either "better" (57%) or "much better" (43%) compared to preoperatively. Eighty-one percent of patients or caregivers answered that the patient experiences no limitation in daily activities. Although 42.8% perceived the hospital as strenuous, 90.5% would choose to undergo this treatment again. CONCLUSION BME is a feasible technique for older SSS patients resulting in immediate stability of the remodelled calvarium with a more normal head shape. The survey among caregivers or patients revealed a favourable subjectively experienced outcome after this type of surgical treatment of SSS in the more complex context of an older patient cohort.
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Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kang HJ, Lee HY, Park YM, Lee YH, Kang YG, Hwa GP, Kang YS, Jung YM, Lee NK, Park KH. Immunomodulating Properties of Polygonum multiflorum Extracts on Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppression Model. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Cho SJ, Chen R, Lee M, Kang YS, Lee S, Lee H. Three-dimensional network of coaxial carbon nanotube/manganese oxides electrode for supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25470e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This three-dimensional network of carbon nanotube structure is served as a stable and conductive framework for controlled electrochemical deposition of MnOx and provides sufficient voids for fast ionic transport during charging/discharging.
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Gao YZ, Xing S, Gao K, Shi XG, Zhang JY, Yu ZZ, Kang YS. [Anterior retropharyngeal debridement combined with posterior atlantoaxial fusion for atlantoaxial Tuberculosis]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2016; 96:1495-9. [PMID: 27266494 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.19.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of anterior debridement combined with posterior atlantoaxial fusion for atlantoaxial Tuberculosis. METHODS From February 2005 to February 2013, 7 patients, 3 males and 4 females, with atlantoaxial Tuberculosis underwent anterior debridement combined with posterior atlantoaxial fusion in Department of Orthopedics Zhengzhou University People's Hospital were selected.In the preoperative and final follow-up, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (JOA), neck disability index (NDI) and Frankel Classification were used to evaluate neurological function and calculate improvement rate.At final follow-up, clinical efficacy was evaluated by Odom's grade.Situation of internal fixation, fusion of upper cervical were assessed by X-ray, CT scan and MRI scan. RESULTS Bony fusion were achieved in 7 cases after operation in 12 months. Tuberculosis were reached clinical cure between 17 and 21 months. At follow The JOA score increased from (11.1±0.7) preoperatively to (15.3±0.5) in final follow-up(P<0.05), and the NDI decreased from (34.0±4.6) preoperatively to (10.1±1.3) in final follow-up (P<0.05). At last follow-up, according to Odom's standard, excellent were obtained in 5 cases, good 1 cases and ordinary 1 case. Frankel Classification of all cases improved from D class to E. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of anterior retropharyngeal debridement combine with atlantoaxial fusion, and local anti-tuberculosis drug using intraoperative, not only could obtain reliable clinical efficacy, completly removal of lesions, but also obtain strong stability, which plays an important role in the treatment of atlantoaxial Tuberculosis.
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Chan JSD, Abdo S, Ghosh A, Alquier T, Chenier I, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Ross EA, Willenberg BJ, Oca-Cossio J, Clapp WL, Terada N, Abrahamson DR, Ellison GW, Matthews CE, Batich CD, Ihoriya C, Satoh M, Sasaki T, Kashihara N, Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Angielski S, Jankowski M, Pontrelli P, Conserva F, Papale M, Accetturo M, Gigante M, Vocino G, Dipalma AM, Grandaliano G, Di Paolo S, Gesualdo L, Franzen S, Pihl L, Khan N, Gustafsson H, Palm F, Koszegi S, Hodrea J, Lenart L, Hosszu A, Wagner L, Vannay A, Tulassay T, Szabo A, Fekete A, Aoki R, Sekine F, Kikuchi K, Miyazaki S, Yamashita Y, Itoh Y, Kolling M, Park JK, Haller H, Thum T, Lorenzen J, Hirayama A, Yoh K, Ueda A, Itoh H, Owada S, Kokeny G, Szabo L, Fazekas K, Rosivall L, Mozes MM, Kim Y, Koh ES, Lim JH, Kim MY, Chang YS, Park CW, Kim Y, Kim HW, Kim MY, Lim JH, Chang YS, Park CW, Shin BC, Kim HL, Chung JH, Chan JS, Wu TC, Chen JW, Rogacka D, Piwkowska A, Angielski S, Jankowski M, Clotet S, Soler MJ, Rebull M, Pascual J, Riera M, Patinha D, Afonso J, Sousa T, Morato M, Albino-Teixeira A, Kim H, Min HS, Kang MJ, Kim JE, Lee JE, Kang YS, Cha DR, Jo YI, Seo EH, Kim JD, Lee SH, Jorge L, Silva KAS, Luiz RS, Rampaso RR, Lima W, Cunha TS, Schor N, Lee HJ, Park JY, Kim SK, Moon JY, Lee SH, Ihm CG, Lee TW, Jeong KH, Moon JY, Kim S, Park JY, Kim SY, Kim YG, Jeong KH, Lee SH, Ihm CG, Marques C, Mega C, Goncalves A, Rodrigues-Santos P, Teixeira-Lemos E, Teixeira F, Fontes Ribeiro C, Reis F, Fernandes R, Sutariya BK, Badgujar LB, Kshtriya AA, Saraf MN, Chiu CH, Lee WC, Chau YY, Lee LC, Lee CT, Chen JB, Dahan I, Nakhoul F, Thawho N, Ben-Itzhaq O, Levy AP, Conserva F, Pontrelli P, Accetturo M, Cordisco G, Fiorentino L, Federici M, Grandaliano G, Di Paolo S, Gesualdo L, Wystrychowski G, Havel PJ, Graham JL, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Obuchowicz E, Psurek A, Grzeszczak W, Wystrychowski A, Clotet S, Soler MJ, Rebull M, Gimeno J, Pascual J, Riera M, Almeida BZD, Seraphim DCC, Punaro G, Nascimento M, Mouro M, Lanzoni VP, Lopes GS, Higa EMS, Roca-Ho H, Riera M, Marquez E, Pascual J, Soler MJ. DIABETES EXPERIMENTAL. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kim HW, Lee JE, Cha JJ, Hyun YY, Kim JE, Lee MH, Song HK, Nam DH, Han JY, Han SY, Han KH, Kang YS, Cha DR. Fibroblast growth factor 21 improves insulin resistance and ameliorates renal injury in db/db mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3366-76. [PMID: 23825123 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the emerging importance of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as a metabolic hormone regulating energy balance, its direct effects on renal function remain unexplored. FGF21 was injected ip daily for 12 weeks into db/db mice. Compared with control vehicle injection, FGF21 treatment significantly improved lipid profiles and insulin resistance and resulted in significantly higher serum adiponectin levels. In contrast, serum insulin and 8-isoprostane levels were significantly decreased. Interestingly, FGF21 and its receptor components in the kidneys were found to be significantly up-regulated in db/db mice, which suggests an FGF21-resistant state. FGF21 treatment significantly down-regulated FGF21 receptor components and activated ERK phosphorylation. FGF21 administration also markedly decreased urinary albumin excretion and mesangial expansion and suppressed profibrotic molecule synthesis. Furthermore, FGF21 improved renal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress injury. In cultured renal cells, FGF21 was mainly expressed in mesangial cells, and knockdown of FGF21 expression by stealth small interfering RNA further aggravated high-glucose-induced profibrotic cytokine synthesis in mesangial cells. Our results suggest that FGF21 improves insulin resistance and protects against renal injury through both improvement of systemic metabolic alterations and antifibrotic effects in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Targeting FGF21 could therefore provide a potential candidate approach for a therapeutic strategy in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
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MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/blood
- Adiponectin/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/prevention & control
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hyperlipidemias/complications
- Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin Resistance
- Kidney/cytology
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Mesangial Cells/cytology
- Mesangial Cells/drug effects
- Mesangial Cells/metabolism
- Mesangial Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
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Cha JJ, Hyun YY, Lee MH, Kim JE, Nam DH, Song HK, Kang YS, Lee JE, Kim HW, Han JY, Cha DR. Renal protective effects of toll-like receptor 4 signaling blockade in type 2 diabetic mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2144-55. [PMID: 23568555 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by high glucose and high free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling induces peripheral insulin resistance and mediates central insulin and leptin resistance. In this study, we investigated the renal effects of TLR4 signaling blockade in type 2 diabetic mice. Eight-week-old db/db mice were treated for 12 weeks with (S,R)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxasole acetic acid (GIT27), which targets macrophages through the inhibition of TLR4- and TLR2/6-mediated signaling pathways. Although GIT27 treatment improved glycemic control and insulin tolerance, which is associated with a lower lipid profile, it did not impact body weight or food consumption. GIT27 treatment also markedly decreased urinary albumin excretion, decreased proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, improved tissue lipid metabolism, induced oxidative stress, and improved glomerulosclerosis compared with the control db/db group. In cultured podocytes and adipocytes, high glucose levels with FFA stimulation increased TLR4 expression and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, but the effects were abolished by GIT27 treatment. In addition, knockdown of TLR4 expression by stealth small interfering RNA abolished FFA-induced proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in cultured podocytes. In conclusion, our results suggest that GIT27 treatment improves insulin resistance and protects against the renal injury that occurs in type 2 diabetic nephropathy through both metabolic and antiglomerulosclerotic mechanisms. These results suggest that TLR pathway inhibition might play a direct protective role in diabetic kidney disease.
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Kim MJ, Kim SA, Kang YS, Hwang IG, Rhee MS. Microbial diversity and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in cheap and junk foods consumed by primary schoolchildren. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 57:47-53. [PMID: 23551123 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aerobic plate counts (APC), coliforms, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and eight foodborne pathogens were tested in 1008 cheap and junk foods, including candies, dried cakes, chewing gum, chocolate, dried and seasoned seafood, ice cream, and sugary foods. APCs were positive for 342 samples (33·9%), and the majority of the counts were 2-3 log CFU g(-1) or ml(-1) (average: 1·10 log CFU g(-1) or ml(-1) ). Most samples (97·3%) contained no coliforms (average: 0·07 log CFU g(-1) or ml(-1) ). Bacillus cereus was detected in 68 samples (average: 0·14 log CFU g(-1) or ml(-1) ). Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were detected in 6 and 1 samples, respectively, whereas other foodborne pathogens were not isolated. The highest bacterial counts were associated with dried and seasoned seafood products and dried cakes, suggesting that appropriate regulations of these food types should be considered. Cheap and junk foods were produced mainly in developing countries, but there were no significant differences in the bacterial counts among different countries of origin. The presence of foodborne pathogens may pose a risk for children. These results suggest that there is cause for deeper concern about the safety of these foods and that effective countermeasures should be established to improve their microbiological safety. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Food safety is especially important for children, but only limited information is available about the microbiological quality of cheap and junk foods that are consumed frequently by primary schoolchildren (e.g. dried cakes, candies and chocolates). The present study investigated the microbial quality of cheap and junk foods, and our results indicate that these foods are a potential health risk for children, therefore, deeper concern about the safety of these foods and effective countermeasures should be established to improve their microbiological safety. The present study may contribute to the development of an appropriate child food safety management system.
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Ma JW, Lee WJ, Bae JM, Jeong KS, Kang YS, Cho MH, Seo JH, Ahn JP, Chung KB, Song JY. Effects of surface chemical structure on the mechanical properties of Si(1-x)Ge(x) nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1118-1125. [PMID: 23421739 DOI: 10.1021/nl304485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Young's modulus and fracture strength of Si(1-x)Ge(x) nanowires (NWs) as a function of Ge concentration were measured from tensile stress measurements. The Young's modulus of the NWs decreased linearly with increasing Ge content. No evidence was found for a linear relationship between the fracture strength of the NWs and Ge content, which is closely related to the quantity of interstitial Ge atoms contained in the wire. However, by removing some of the interstitial Ge atoms through rapid thermal annealing, a linear relationship could be produced. The discrepancy in the reported strength of Si and Ge NWs between calculated and experimented results could be related to SiO(2-x)/Si interfacial defects that are found in Si(1-x)Ge(x) NWs. It was also possible to significantly decrease the number of interfacial defects in the NWs by incorporating a surface passivated Al2O3 layer, which resulted in a substantial increase in fracture strength.
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Han J, Lee KB, Park TS, Lee JM, Oh PJ, Lee SH, Kang YS, Ahn JK. 18F half-life measurement using a high-purity germanium detector. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:2581-5. [PMID: 22940412 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The half-life of (18)F has been measured using HPGe detectors with a (137)Cs reference source. The counting ratio of 511 keV γ-rays from (18)F to 622 keV γ-rays from (137)Cs was fitted for the half-life with a weighted least-square method. Uncertainties due to the systematic effects arising from the measurement of a high activity (18)F source were studied in detail. The half-life of (18)F was found to be (109.72±0.19) min. The result is in a good agreement with the recommended value of (109.728±0.019) min evaluated at the Laborotaire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB).
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Nam DH, Lee MH, Kim JE, Song HK, Kang YS, Lee JE, Kim HW, Cha JJ, Hyun YY, Kim SH, Han SY, Han KH, Han JY, Cha DR. Blockade of cannabinoid receptor 1 improves insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1387-96. [PMID: 22234468 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is important in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, the effect of inhibiting the endocannabinoid system in type 2 diabetic nephropathy is unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of the cannabinoid (CB)1 receptor antagonist, SR141716, on insulin resistance and diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Six-week-old db/db mice were treated with the CB1-specific antagonist SR141716 (10 mg/kg · d) for 3 months. Treatment with SR141716 significantly improved insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. Concomitantly, CB1 antagonism improved cardiac functional and morphological abnormality, hepatic steatosis, and phenotypic changes of adipocytes into small differentiated forms, associated with increased adiponectin expression and decreased lipid hydroperoxide levels. CB1 receptor was overexpressed in diabetic kidneys, especially in podocytes. Treatment with the SR141716 markedly decreased urinary albumin excretion and mesangial expansion and suppressed profibrotic and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis. Furthermore, SR141716 improved renal lipid metabolism and decreased urinary 8-isoprostane levels, renal lipid hydroperoxide content, and renal lipid content. In cultured podocytes, high-glucose stimulation increased CB1 receptor expression, and SR141716 treatment abolished high-glucose-induced up-regulation of collagen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 synthesis. Additionally, knockdown of CB1 receptor expression by stealth small interfering RNA abolished high-glucose-induced sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1 expression in podocytes. These findings suggest that CB1 blockade improves insulin resistance and protect against renal injury through both metabolic and antifibrotic effects in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Targeting CB1 blockade could therefore provide a new therapeutic target to prevent type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
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Cho EH, Kang YS, Lee EH, Park G, Rho YI. High resolution microarray analysis in a patient with speech delay without cat-like cry. GENETIC COUNSELING (GENEVA, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 23:339-341. [PMID: 22876596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Kang YS, Cha JJ, Hyun YY, Lee MH, Song HK, Cha DR, Bang K, Jeong J, Shin JH, Kang JH, Yang J, Ahn C, Kim JH, Toledo K, Merino A, GonzaLez-Burdiel L, Perez-Saez MJ, Aguera M, Ramirez R, Del Castillo D, Aljama P, Kahveci A, Tugtepe H, Asicioglu E, Nalcaci S, Birdal G, Arikan H, Koc M, Tuglular S, Kaya H, Ozener C, Kocak G, Azak A, Huddam B, Astarci HM, Can M, Duranay M, Tayama Y, Hasegawa H, Takayanagi K, Matsuda A, Shimizu T, Asakura J, Iwashita T, Okazaki S, Hatano M, Kiba T, Ogawa T, Mitarai T, Sanchez JE, Nunez M, Gonzalez I, Fernandez-Vina A, Pelaez B, Quintana A, Rodriguez C, Park KA, Kim EJ, Choi SJ, Kim NR, Park MY, Kim JK, Hwang SD, Cotovio P, Rocha A, Carvalho MJ, Teixeira L, Mendonca D, Rodrigues A, Cabrita A, Ito M, Wu HY, Peng YS, Huang JW, Hu FC, Hung KY, Tsai TJ, Wu KD, Temiz G, Sahin G, Degirmenci N, Ozkurt S, Yalcin AU, Rufino M, Garcia C, Vega N, Macia M, Rodriguez A, Maceira B, Hernandez D, Lorenzo V, Levallois J, Nadeau-Fredette AC, Labbe AC, Laverdiere M, Ouimet D, Vallee M, Matsuda A, Katou H, Tayama Y, Iwanaga M, Ogawa T, Shimizu T, Asakura J, Noiri C, Kanouzawa K, Hasegawa H, Mitarai T, Karakan S, Sezer S, Ozdemir Acar N, Haberal M, Ueda A, Nagai K, Morimoto M, Hirayama A, Yoh K, Saito C, Yamagata K, Parikova A, Vlijm A, deGraaff M, Brabcova I, Viklicky O, Krediet R, Nagamine N, Katoh KI, Yoshitake O, Cho KH, Jung SY, Do JY, Park JW, Yoon KW, Hwang SD, Kim NR, Kim EJ, Chung CH, Park MY, Choi SJ, Kim JK, Mravljak M, Karas B, Pajek J, Pintar T, Benedik M, Gucek A, Tomo T, Kadota JI, Tsuchida K, Minakuchi J, Yamanaka M, Numata A, Masakane I, Fujimori A, Kawanishi H, Naito H, Bordignon J, Manonelles A, Andujar A, Gonzalez-Segura C, Gonzalez MT, Glavas-Boras S, Zlopasa G, Boras S, Smalcelj R, Slavicek J, Knezevic N, Puretic Z, Prasad N, Gupta A, Sinha A, Saxena A, Sharma RK, Kaul A, Ramos R, Gonzalez MT, Vera M, Garcia I, Barbosa F, Teixido J, Garcia C, Cuxart M, Gonzalez C, de la Cruz JJ, Fukuoka K, Sinozaki M, Kato N, Oba I, Harada K, Kanai H, Ota K, Do JY, Kang SW, Cho KH, Park JW, Shin KL, Kim YH, Yoon KW, Prasad N, Gupta A, Sinha A, Sharma RK, Kaul A, Saxena A, Schneider K, Huszar T, Bator B, Di Napoli A, Franco F, Salvatori MF, Di Lallo D, Guasticchi G, Hassan S, Kristal B, Khazim K, Hassan F, Hassan K, Korabecna M, Krizkova V, Kocova J, Tonar Z, Opatrna S, Gaiao S, Beco A, Oliveira A, Santos-Araujo C, Pestana M, Denizot A, Milliard B, Kahveci A, Asicioglu E, Arikan H, Tuglular S, Ozener C, Hsu BG, Lai YH, Wang CH, Fang TC, Yesil H, Paydas S, Balal M, Cinkir U, Sertdemir Y, Santos-Araujo C, Oliveira A, Beco A, Sousa J, Silva N, Santos D, Pestana M, Oliveira A, Beco A, Santos C, Pestana M, Vera M, Fontsere N, Maduell F, Arias M, Bergada E, Cases A, Campistol JM, Grzelak T, Czyzewska K, Mortazavi M, Seirafian S, Halabian M, Emami Naini A, Farajzadegan Z, Moinzade F, Golabchi K, Portoles J, Moreno F, Lopez-Sanchez P, Gomez M, Corchete E, del Peso G, Bajo MA, Rivera M, Arribas G, Ferreira AC, Fernandes V, Sousa J, Vila Lobos A, Nolasco F, Martino F, di Loreto P, Rodighiero MP, Crepaldi C, Ronco C, Asicioglu E, Kahveci A, Nalcaci S, Arikan H, Tuglular S, Ozener C, Cavallini M, Centi A, Broccoli ML, Rocca AR, Testorio M, Borzacca B, Pugliese F, Russo GE, Tokgoz B, Ucar C, Kocyigit I, Somdas MA, Unal A, Vural A, Sipahioglu MH, Oymak O, Utas C, Teixeira L, Rodrigues A, Carvalho MJ, Cabrita A, Mendonca D, Micha T, Takouli L, Karaitianou A, Koupari G, Trompouki S, Arvanitis D, Vlassopoulos D, Ferreira AC, Fernandes V, Vila Lobos A, Nolasco F, Kahveci A, Nalcaci S, Asicioglu E, Birdal G, Arikan H, Tuglular S, Ozener C, Carvalho C, Beco A, Oliveira A, Santos C, Pestana M, Hiramatsu M, Ishida M, Tonozuka Y, Mikami H, Yamanari T, Momoki N, Onishi A, Maruyama K, Ito M, Masakane I, Takahashi T, Chung SH, Han DC, Noh H, Jeon JS, Kwon SH, Lindholm B, Lee HB, Tekeli L, Inal S, Derici U, Celik N, Kiran G, Derin O, Durunay M, Erten Y, Cho JH, Do JY, Park SH, Kim CD, Choi JY, Ryu HM, Kim YL, Kawahara K, Ishihara Y, Iwadou H, Uemura N, Kinashi M, Oobayashi S, Pilcevic D, Tadic-Pilcevic J, Kovacevic Z, Maksic D, Paunic Z, Mitrovic M, Mijuskovic M, Petrovic M. Peritoneal dialysis. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ahn JK, Kim JS, Lee HM, Kim H, Kim TH, Park JN, Kang YS, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Park JY, Ryu SY, Kim HC, Kang WG, Kim SK. Measurement limits to 134Cs concentration in soil. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1294-8. [PMID: 21592803 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the caesium concentrations in soils in mountain areas near Gori nuclear power plant in Korea, focusing on the measurement limits to the (134)Cs. In order to lower the minimum detectable amount (MDA) of activity for the (134)Cs, we have used the ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) precipitation method to get rid of the (40)K existing in natural radioactivity, which reduces the MDA activity about 10 times smaller than those without the AMP precipitation method. The MDA results for the (134)Cs were found to be in the range between 0.015 and 0.044 Bq/kg-dry weight. In order to diminish the background, we also have measured a part of the soil samples in Yangyang, a small town in the east coast of Korea. However, it turns out that in order to detect the (134)Cs in the samples the MDA should be reduced to the level of mBq/kg-dry weight.
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Kang YS, Ho PS, Knipe R, Tregilgas J. Film Thickness Effect on Tensile Properties and Microstructures of Submicron Aluminum Thin Films on Polyimide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-436-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe mechanical behavior of the metal film on a polymer substrate becomes an important issue in microelectronics metallization. The metal/polymer structure is also useful to investigate the deformation behavior of very thin free-standing metal film since the flexible polymer serves as a deformable substrate. The tensile force-elongation curves have been measured using a microtensile tester for aluminum thin films, deposited on a PMDA-ODA polyimide film, in the thickness range from 60 rum to 480 nm. The stress-strain curves for aluminum films were constructed by subtracting these curves with polyimide curves measured separately. Tensile strength increases linearly with decreasing film thickness from 196 MPa to 408 MPa within the film thickness range studied. This is in good agreement with the published data for free-standing aluminum films in the same thickness range. The measured Young's modulus is lower than the bulk modulus and exhibits no systematic dependence on the film thickness. The microstructures of aluminum films have been examined using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). These films posses the (111)-textured columnar grain structures. Grain sizes exhibit log-normal distributions and the mean grain size increases monotonically with the film thickness. An attempt is made to evaluate the effect of film thickness and grain size on the strength of aluminum thin film and the result is discussed.
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Bae CY, Park JH, Kim EY, Kang YS, Kim BK. Organic–inorganic nanocomposite bilayers with triple shape memory effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10722d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sun KR, Kang YS, Kim BK. Transflective multiplexing of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal using Si additives. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2011.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Park MN, Oh SW, Ahn BH, Moon MJ, Kang YS. Synthesis of poly(methyl urethane) acrylate oligomer using 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate for UV curable coating. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 9:1277-1280. [PMID: 19441505 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.c137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The poly(methyl urethane) acrylate oligomer was obtained by the reaction of methyl acrylate oligomer and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. Synthesis of poly(methyl urethane) acrylate oligomer was done with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-MEOH), methyl acrylate, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, initiator) and dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst. Then 2-MEOH was used for functional chain transfer agent. The structure and property of the synthesized oligomers were characterized by FT-IR, FT-NMR, rheometer, and DSC. In this study, by synthetic method including the addition of 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, thermal behavior of synthesized material was improved more than that reported in the previous study. Poly(methyl urethane) oligomer can be used for UV curable coatings, inks and adhesives. UV curable coating have high resistance against weather, ozone, aging, frictional wear, and heat. Besides they can absorb the shock and resist rust according to the thickness of film. It is used as an adhesive, paint, optical fiber coating agent, and waterproof agent because of these advantages at the present time.
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Park SY, Kang YS, Jeong MS, Yoon HK, Han KO. Frequencies of CYP3A5 genotypes and haplotypes in a Korean population. J Clin Pharm Ther 2008; 33:61-5. [PMID: 18211618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE CYP3A, the drug-metabolizing enzyme is an important factor in the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. Polymorphism of the CYP3A5 gene is known to influence the functionality of the CYP3A5 enzymes. The full extent of CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism was analysed in a Korean population. METHODS Specific polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism tests for CYP 3AP1 through CYP3A5*7 or direct sequencing were used to identify reported CYP3A5 variant alleles, using 194 unrelated samples. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The most frequent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was 6986A>G (CYP3A5*3). The next most frequent SNP was 31611C>T. Haplotype analysis using detected SNPs revealed that the most frequent haplotype was *3A (frequency: 0.724), followed by *1E (frequency: 0.211), *3C (frequency: 0.034) and *1A (frequency: 0.023). We did not find CYP3AP1*3, CYP3A5*6, or *7 in this Korean sample. CONCLUSION A large proportion of Koreans may have relatively low levels of metabolically active CYP3A5 protein and therefore may be at risk of high levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme, after administration of conventional doses.
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Kang HM, Kang YS, Kim SH, Seong JK, Lee BS, Jeong HY, Lee HY, Song KS. Single filiform polyp in asymptomatic healthy Korean without history of inflammatory bowel disease. Endoscopy 2007; 39 Suppl 1:E333-4. [PMID: 18273783 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Han KH, Kang YS, Han SY, Jee YH, Lee MH, Han JY, Kim HK, Kim YS, Cha DR. Spironolactone ameliorates renal injury and connective tissue growth factor expression in type II diabetic rats. Kidney Int 2006; 70:111-20. [PMID: 16723984 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Administration of spironolactone provides a beneficial effect in various animal models of renal injury. In this study, we investigated whether spironolactone prevents the progression of diabetic nephropathy through reduction of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) synthesis in type II diabetic rats. In addition, we evaluated the effect of aldosterone and spironolactone on CTGF and collagen production in cultured cells. Renal functional and morphologic changes were examined in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats with or without spironolactone treatment (20 mg/kg/day) for 8 months, as well as in non-diabetic age-matched Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats. Spironolactone treatment did not induce any significant differences in body weight, kidney/body weight ratio, serum creatinine concentration, blood glucose levels, or systolic blood pressure. However, urinary protein and albumin excretion were significantly decreased in the spironolactone treatment group, which was associated with amelioration of glomerulosclerosis. In addition, renal CTGF, collagen synthesis demonstrated marked decreases in the spironolactone treatment group. In cultured MC and PTC, aldosterone induced significant increases in CTGF gene expression and protein synthesis associated with increased collagen synthesis, which was abolished by prior treatment with spironolactone. However, aldosterone treatment did not induce transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 overproduction, and inhibition of TGF-beta1 by neutralization of TGF-beta1 protein did not significantly prevent aldosterone-induced CTGF production. These results suggest that the antifibrotic effects of spironolactone may be mediated by CTGF through a TGF-beta1-independent pathway in this animal model of diabetic nephropathy.
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Kang YS, Han KH, Han SY, Kim HK, Cha DR. Characteristics of population with normal serum creatinine impaired renal function and: The validation of a MDRD formula in a healthy general population. Clin Nephrol 2005; 63:258-66. [PMID: 15847252 DOI: 10.5414/cnp63258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) provides the most accurate estimation of renal function. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with impaired renal function having a normal serum creatinine level. We also validated whether the new Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula can be applied in a healthy general population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total 393 participants who had serum creatinine concentration below 132.6 micromol/L without underlying diseases were randomly selected on an address basis in Ansan City. According to the level of GFR, they were divided into 3 groups and we analyzed their clinical characteristics. In 75 subjects, who were randomly selected 25 cases in each group based on GFR estimated by Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) formula, true GFR was measured using the 99mTc-DTPA renal clearance method. RESULTS A total 393 (male: 106, female: 287) participants were as follows: GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2; 4% (n = 25); 60 < or = GFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2; 26.2% (n = 103); GFR > or = 90 ml/min/1.73 m2; 67.4% (n = 265). In the group of decreased GFR, the mean age was older (67.4+/-10.7 vs. 48.7+/-12.8 vs. 39.4+/-8.2 years, p < 0.001), the gender was male (90.33+/-28.77 vs. 110.55+/-31.64, p < 0.001), and amount of proteinuria more increased (0.61 (0.56) vs. 0.33 (0.34) vs. 0.38 (0.33) gm/day, p = 0.007). The accuracy and precision of each formula were assessed by the difference in GFR measured by the 99mTc-DTPA renal clearance method--estimated GFR by each formula (deltaGFR), and the coefficient of determination (r2) of different predictive equations. The results were as follows: deltaGFR = -14.78+/-46.03, r2 = 0.79 (24-hour urinary creatinine clearance), deltaGFR=-16.79+/-57.32, r2 = 0.66 (100/serum creatinine), deltaGFR = 9.54+/-39.18, r2 = 0.87 (C-G formula), deltaGFR = -12.30+/-54.31, r2 = 0.66 (AASK formula), deltaGFR = 8.70+/-37.62, r2 = 0.79 (MDRD formula). Multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that age, serum creatinine, total cholesterol and 24-hour urinary protein excretion were independently related to GFR and associated with a significant increase in the risk of decrement of GFR. CONCLUSIONS From these results, a more accurate assessment of renal function should be required in a population characterized by older age, male gender and more proteinuria. The MDRD study formula and Cockcroft-Gault formula have greater accuracy and precision with true GFR, and this equation can be applied in subjects with healthy general population.
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Cha DR, Kim IS, Kang YS, Han SY, Han KH, Shin C, Ji YH, Kim NH. Urinary concentration of transforming growth factor-beta-inducible gene-h3(beta ig-h3) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2005; 22:14-20. [PMID: 15606685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The expression of TGF beta-inducible gene h3(beta ig-h3) has been used to assess the biological activity of TGF beta in the kidney. In this study, we investigated whether the urinary concentration of beta ig-h3 is associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also evaluated the relationship between the urinary concentration of beta ig-3 and proteinuria and microalbuminuria (AER) in a normal healthy population and in Type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Four hundred and seventy-nine Type 2 diabetic patients without non-diabetic kidney diseases and 528 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The study subjects were divided into five groups: a non-diabetic healthy control group with normal ACR (n = 443), a non-diabetic healthy control group with microalbuminuria (n = 85), a normoalbuminuric diabetic group (n = 198), a microalbuminuric diabetic group (n = 155) and an overt proteinuria group (n = 126). Urinary levels of beta ig-h3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS (i) Urinary excretion of beta ig-h3 was significantly higher in the diabetic groups than in the controls, even in the normoalbuminuric stage (25.02 +/- 8.84 vs. 18.67 +/- 6.56, P = 0.03). In diabetic patients, urinary beta ig-h3 levels increased significantly as diabetic nephropathy advanced (25.02 +/- 8.84 vs. 34.06 +/- 24.55 vs. 169.63 +/- 57.33, P < 0.001). (ii) Proteinuria was found to be significantly correlated with urinary beta ig-h3 (healthy control; r = 0.137, P = 0.019, diabetic patients; r = 0.604, P < 0.001). ACR was also found to be significantly related with urinary beta ig-h3 in diabetic patients (r = 0.383, P = 0.006). (iii) In diabetic patients, urinary beta ig-h3 was significantly related with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: r = 0.436, P = 0.024; diastolic blood pressure, r = 0.365, P = 0.042), total cholesterol and HbA(1c) (cholesterol: r = 0.169, P = 0.03, HbA(1c); r = 0.387, P = 0.044). Logistic regression analyses showed that urinary beta ig-h3 was associated with a significant increase in the risk of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal monitoring of urinary beta ig-h3 may improve the likelihood of detecting diabetic nephropathy at an earlier stage and beta ig-h3 could be a sensitive marker of diabetic kidney disease progression.
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Kim NH, Kim KB, Kim DL, Kim SG, Choi KM, Baik SH, Choi DS, Kang YS, Han SY, Han KH, Ji YH, Cha DR. Plasma and urinary vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2004. [PMID: 15154937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491-2004.01200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. We determined whether alterations of plasma and urinary VEGF levels are related to diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS One hundred and seven patients and 47 healthy controls were studied. Study subjects were divided into four groups using urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR): a non-diabetic healthy control group (n = 47), a normoalbuminuric diabetic group (n = 37), a microalbuminuric diabetic group (n = 37) and an overt proteinuric diabetic group (n = 33). VEGF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS (i) Urinary VEGF concentrations were significantly higher in the diabetic groups, even at the normoalbuminuric stage (log VEGF/Cr, normoalbuminuria; 4.33 +/- 1.06 vs. control; 3.53 +/- 0.79, P = 0.009). Urinary VEGF excretions increased as diabetic nephropathy advanced. (ii) Plasma and urinary VEGF levels were higher in hypertensive diabetic patients than in the normotensive individuals with diabetes. (iii) In those with diabetes, plasma VEGF levels were found to be positively correlated with plasma urea (r = 0.398, P = 0.039) and urinary ACR (r = 0.251, P = 0.044), and urinary VEGF to be positively correlated with urinary ACR (r = 0.645, P < 0.001), and creatinine (r = 0.336, P = 0.009), and to be negatively correlated with serum albumin (r = -0.557, P < 0.001). Urinary VEGF and serum creatinine were independently correlated with urinary ACR. CONCLUSIONS Urinary excretion of VEGF increased during the earlier stage of diabetic nephropathy and was significantly correlated with urinary albumin excretion. This suggests that urinary VEGF might be used as a sensitive marker of diabetic nephropathy and for predicting disease progression.
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