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Andersen MKG, Bertelsen M, Gundestrup S, Grønskov K, Kessel L. Phenotypic characteristics of Danish patients with achromatopsia. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:e893-e905. [PMID: 38348755 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the phenotype of Danish patients with genetically verified achromatopsia (ACHM) with special focus on signs of progression on structural or functional parameters, and possible genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS Forty-eight patients were identified, with disease-causing variants in five different genes: CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2, PDE6C and PDE6H. Longitudinal evaluation was possible for 11 patients and 27 patients participated in a renewed in-depth phenotyping consisting of visual acuity assessment, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence, colour vision evaluation, contrast sensitivity, mesopic microperimetry and full-field electroretinography. Foveal morphology was evaluated based on OCT images for all 48 patients using a grading system based on the integrity of the hyperreflective photoreceptor band, the inner segment ellipsoid zone (ISe). Signs of progression were evaluated based on longitudinal data and correlation with age. RESULTS We found a statistically significant positive correlation between OCT grade and age (Spearman ρ = 0.62, p < 0.0001) and we observed changes in the foveal morphology in 2 of 11 patients with ≥5 years of follow-up. We did not find any convincing correlation between age and functional parameters (visual acuity, retinal sensitivity and contrast sensitivity) nor did we find correlation between structural and functional parameters, or any clear genotype-phenotype correlation. CONCLUSIONS Some patients with ACHM demonstrate signs of progressive foveal changes in OCT characteristics with increasing age. This is relevant in terms of possible new treatments. However, functional characteristics, such as visual acuity, remained stable despite changing foveal structure. Thus, seen from a patient perspective, ACHM can still be considered a non-progressive condition.
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Xie Z, Shi Y, Marmin A, Wang RK. Investigation of the Effect of Compression Pressure in Contact OCT Imaging on the Measurement of Epidermis Thickness. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202400289. [PMID: 39191514 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive 3D imaging technique that offers significant advantages over traditional microscopy and biopsy in measuring epidermal thickness (ET) when assessing skin conditions. However, OCT imagining is often required to be in a contact mode for mitigating the issues of subject movement and uneven skin topology. It is not known whether the contact would affect the ability of ET measurements. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the contact pressure applied and the ET measurements. We observed progressive deformation in the epidermis with the increase of compression forces, where a notable decrease of up to 13% in ET measurement and 70% decrease in capillary vessels was noted when imaging was in contact mode. We also observed 8.1% less deformation properties in scar tissue than in nearby healthy tissue. Our study underscored the importance of controlled pressure in contact imaging mode, which is often neglected.
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Lukács MÁ, Módis L. [Anterior segment optical coherence tomography in modern ophthalmic diagnostics]. Orv Hetil 2024; 165:1112-1121. [PMID: 39033492 DOI: 10.1556/650.2024.33085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Az 1990-es évektől a tomográfiás vizsgálati technikák a szemészetben jelentős
fejlődésen mentek keresztül. Az optikaikoherencia-tomográfiának (OCT) döntő
szerepe van a retina kórképeinek differenciáldiagnózisában, ez az infravörös
fénnyel működő noninvazív technika azonban a szem elülső szegmentumának
képalkotására is kiválóan alkalmas. A korábbi „time-domain” rendszerű
tomográfiákat a szemmozgásra kevésbé érzékeny, nagyobb felbontásra képes
’spectral-domain’ és ’swept-source’ típusok váltották fel. Mikrométeres
felbontású képalkotása a rekonstruált keresztmetszeti képek mellett kvantitatív
adatokat biztosít a szemfelszíntől a szemlencséig. Alkalmazási területeihez
tartozik a szemfelszín, a cornealis homályok, degenerációk, dystrophiák
vizsgálata. A szaruhártyakórképek diagnosztikájában előnye, hogy megbízható
adatokat szolgáltat nemcsak az elülső, hanem a hátulsó felszín görbületéről, így
a szaruhártya valódi teljes törőerejéről, valamint vastagságáról is.
Segítségével a korai keratoconus is kiszűrhető. Emellett kiválóan alkalmazható
szaruhártyaműtétek (refraktív sebészet, szaruhártya-átültetés) utáni követésre.
Ezeken felül a glaucoma diagnosztikájában, műlencsetervezésben is pontos,
megbízható technológia. Az egyik legújabb felhasználási területe az
operálómikroszkópba integrált formája, amely műtét közben az operatőr munkáját
segíti. Másik, szintén újdonságnak számító formája az elülső szegmentum
noninvazív angiográfiás vizsgálata. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(29): 1112–1121.
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Lippera M, Moussa G, Ivanova T, Ferrara M, Spiess K, Ally N, Jasani K, Dhawahir-Scala F, Patton N, Jalil A. Volumetric Biomarkers of Visual Outcome after Surgical Repair in Lamellar Macular Holes. J Pers Med 2024; 14:755. [PMID: 39064009 PMCID: PMC11278409 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigate novel OCT parameters, based on the volumetric analysis of lamellar macular holes (LMHs), as prognostic indicators for visual outcomes after surgery. METHODS LMHs were divided into degenerative LMHs (D-LMHs) and ERM-foveoschisis (ERM-FS). Pre-operative clinical, OCT linear and volumetric parameters were collected. Volumes were obtained using the OCT automatic segmentation, such as central retinal volume (CRV) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) volume, or using a novel method to calculate volumes of specific LMH entities like epiretinal proliferation (ERP), foveal cavity (FC) in D-LMH and schitic volume (SV) in ERM-FS. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis evaluated the factors predictive for post-operative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS We included 31 eyes of 31 patients (14 D-LMH,17 ERM-FS). A pre-operative BCVA ≤ 0.48 logMAR was a predictor for achieving ≤0.30 logMAR at final follow-up. A lower pre-operative BCVA (p = 0.008) and the presence of ERP (p = 0.002) were associated with worse visual outcomes post-surgery. Moreover, novel pre-operative OCT parameters significantly associated with worse post-operative BCVA, such as increased FC volume (p = 0.032) and lower CRV (p = 0.034) in the D-LMH subtype and lower CRV (p < 0.001) and ERP volume (p < 0.001), higher SV (p < 0.001) and foveal ONL volume (p < 0.001) in the ERM-FS subtype. CONCLUSIONS Novel volumetric OCT parameters can be prognostic indicators of visual outcome following surgery in LMHs.
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Apostolovic S, Aleksandric S, Beleslin B. Editorial: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: current state of diagnosis and treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1455983. [PMID: 39070557 PMCID: PMC11273786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1455983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
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Zhang T, Liao J, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Li C. Robust Ultrafast Projection Pipeline for Structural and Angiography Imaging of Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1509. [PMID: 39061645 PMCID: PMC11275292 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The current methods to generate projections for structural and angiography imaging of Fourier-Domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) are significantly slow for prediagnosis improvement, prognosis, real-time surgery guidance, treatments, and lesion boundary definition. This study introduced a robust ultrafast projection pipeline (RUPP) and aimed to develop and evaluate the efficacy of RUPP. RUPP processes raw interference signals to generate structural projections without the need for Fourier Transform. Various angiography reconstruction algorithms were utilized for efficient projections. Traditional methods were compared to RUPP using PSNR, SSIM, and processing time as evaluation metrics. The study used 22 datasets (hand skin: 9; labial mucosa: 13) from 8 volunteers, acquired with a swept-source optical coherence tomography system. RUPP significantly outperformed traditional methods in processing time, requiring only 0.040 s for structural projections, which is 27 times faster than traditional summation projections. For angiography projections, the best RUPP variation took 0.15 s, making it 7518 times faster than the windowed eigen decomposition method. However, PSNR decreased by 41-45% and SSIM saw reductions of 25-74%. RUPP demonstrated remarkable speed improvements over traditional methods, indicating its potential for real-time structural and angiography projections in FD-OCT, thereby enhancing clinical prediagnosis, prognosis, surgery guidance, and treatment efficacy.
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Nakamura M, Hirano T, Chiku Y, Takahashi Y, Miyasaka H, Kakihara S, Hoshiyama K, Murata T. Reproducibility of Portable OCT and Comparison with Conventional OCT. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1320. [PMID: 39001211 PMCID: PMC11240703 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an indispensable instrument in ophthalmology; however, some facilities lack permanent OCT devices. ACT100, a portable SD-OCT system, allows for medical examinations at hospitals that do not have OCT and house calls. We investigated the usefulness of ACT100 by examining the reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements in 35 healthy participants with normal eyes using ACT100 and Cirrus. Using two OCTs, the OCT imaging of both eyes of each subject was performed. Macular retinal thickness was evaluated using the average value in nine lesions of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) circle. Both models captured images in all cases. In the right eye, mean retinal thickness was significantly lower than in the ACT100 group in all regions; however, the measured values correlated well. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed the same high reliability as the Cirrus. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of both models showed little variation and high stability; however, the CV of ACT100 was significantly higher. The left eye was almost identical. Macular retinal thickness measured using ACT100 showed slightly greater variability than that by Cirrus; the reproducibility was good and correlated well with that of Cirrus. This technique is a suitable alternative to conventional OCT.
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Graven-Nielsen M, Dubra A, Dodd RL, Hamann S, Moss HE. Application of novel non-invasive ophthalmic imaging to visualize peripapillary wrinkles, retinal folds and peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures associated with elevated intracranial pressure. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1383210. [PMID: 38957348 PMCID: PMC11217179 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1383210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, for which clinically useful non-invasive measures have been elusive, in some cases due to their inadequate sensitivity and specificity. Our aim was to evaluate novel non-invasive ophthalmic imaging of selected pathological features seen in elevated ICP, namely peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS), peripapillary wrinkles (PPW) and retinal folds (RF) as potential biomarkers of elevated ICP. Methods This single-center pilot study included subjects with untreated or incompletely treated high ICP. The retinas of these subjects were evaluated with averaged en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT retinal cross-sections (OCT B-scans), adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO), and fundus photos. Results Seven subjects were included in the study. 6 subjects with high ICP (5 idiopathic intracranial hypertension, 1 medication induced, 30.8 ± 8.6 years, 75% female, 5 with papilledema) and 1 control (20-25 years) were included. PHOMS, PPW and RF were present in all subjects with papilledema, but neither in the high ICP subject without papilledema nor in the control subject. Averaged en-face OCT scans and AOSLO were more sensitive for PPW and RF than OCT B-scans and commercial fundus photos. Conclusion PPW, RF and PHOMS volume have potential as non-invasive biomarkers of ICP. Novel imaging modalities may improve sensitivity. However, lack of automated image acquisition and processing limits current widespread adoption in clinical settings. Further research is needed to validate these structures as biomarkers for elevated ICP and improve clinical utility.
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Tanikawa A, Maruyama K, Liu S, Mao Z, Wang Z, Shiraki N, Hashida N, Kawasaki R, Chan K, Nishida K. Unveiling Key Pathological Indicators for Disease Progression in Vogt Koyanagi Harada Disease and Sympathetic Ophthalmia Through Advanced Choroidal Volume Analysis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38709183 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2337836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between quantitative parameters derived from volume analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) data and disease worsening in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) and sympathetic ophthalmia (SO). METHODS This retrospective study, conducted at Osaka University Hospital, employed swept-source OCT scans from patients diagnosed with VKHD or SO between October 2012 and January 2021. The choroidal vessel structure was segmented and visualized in three dimensions, generating quantitative vessel volume maps. Region-specific choroidal vessel volume (CVV), choroidal volume (CV), and vessel index (VI) were scrutinized for their potential correlation with disease severity. RESULTS Thirty-five eyes of 18 VKHD and 2 SO patient (8 females, 10 males) were evaluated. OCT-derived CVV maps revealed regional CV alterations in VKHD and SO patients. Two parameters, i.e. CV at 3- and 6-month follow-ups (p = 0.044, p = 0.040, respectively, with area under the ROC curve of 0.70) and CVV at 6 months (p = 0.046, area under the ROC curve of 0.71), were significantly higher in recurrent VKHD and SO compared to effectively treated cases. CONCLUSIONS The volume analysis of OCT images facilitates a three-dimensional visualization of choroidal alterations, which may serve as a reflection of disease severity in VKHD and SO patients. Furthermore, noninvasive initial CVV or CV measurements may serve as potential biomarkers for predicting disease recurrence in VKHD and SO.
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Zhang W, Fine JL, Pei X, Cao Y, Liu Y, Yan J, Ban Z, Zhang T, Wei Y, Zhao X, Wang B, Zhao C, Zeng X. Characteristics and utility of high-resolution optical coherence microscopy images of endocervical canal lesions. Am J Clin Pathol 2024:aqae052. [PMID: 38704601 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate optical coherence microscopy (OCM) imaging features and the application value of these high-resolution images for identifying endocervical canal lesions (ECLs), which is a clinical dilemma in cervical cancer screening programs. METHODS In total, 520 OCM images were obtained by scanning the cervical canal lesions with an ultra-high-resolution OCM system (204 specimens from 73 patients). The OCM morphologic characteristics of ECLs were observed and summarized, and then 3 researchers performed a diagnostic test of OCM images of cervical canal lesions. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, 95% confidence interval of each parameter, and interinvestigator agreement (κ) were calculated. RESULTS Normal endocervix, cysts, squamous metaplasia, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions involving glands, and invasive carcinoma had distinct OCM characteristics, which correlated well with corresponding H&E histologic sections. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the 3 researchers were 90.6%, 89.3% (95% CI, 86.5%-91.7%) and 91.6% (95% CI, 89.2%-93.5%), respectively. The positive predictive value was 90.1% (95% CI, 87.3%-92.4%), and the negative predictive value was 90.9% (95% CI, 88.5%-92.9%), with almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.874). CONCLUSIONS The application of the OCM system in cervical canal lesions is feasible and could help improve detection of occult ECLs in cervical cancer screening programs. This study lays the foundation for further research on OCM in cervical canal lesions in vivo, which also has a potential impact on projecting pathologic evaluation beyond what is currently possible, perhaps globally.
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Zeng Y, Gao S, Li Y, Marangoni D, De Silva T, Wong WT, Chew EY, Sun X, Li T, Sieving PA, Qian H. OCT Intensity of the Region between Outer Retina Band 2 and Band 3 as a Biomarker for Retinal Degeneration and Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:449. [PMID: 38790316 PMCID: PMC11118669 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used to probe retinal structure and function. This study investigated the outer retina band (ORB) pattern and reflective intensity for the region between bands 2 and 3 (Dip) in three mouse models of inherited retinal degeneration (Rs1KO, TTLL5KO, RPE65KO) and in human AMD patients from the A2A database. OCT images were manually graded, and reflectivity signals were used to calculate the Dip ratio. Qualitative analyses demonstrated the progressive merging band 2 and band 3 in all three mouse models, leading to a reduction in the Dip ratio compared to wildtype (WT) controls. Gene replacement therapy in Rs1KO mice reverted the ORB pattern to one resembling WT and increased the Dip ratio. The degree of anatomical rescue in these mice was highly correlated with level of transgenic RS1 expression and with the restoration of ERG b-wave amplitudes. While the inner retinal cavity was significantly enlarged in dark-adapted Rs1KO mice, the Dip ratio was not altered. A reduction of the Dip ratio was also detected in AMD patients compared with healthy controls and was also positively correlated with AMD severity on the AMD score. We propose that the ORB and Dip ratio can be used as non-invasive early biomarkers for retina health, which can be used to probe therapeutic gene expression and to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.
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Padmanabhan A, Prabhu PB, Vidyadharan V, Tharayil HM. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Patients with Schizophrenia and Its Relation with Cognitive Impairment. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:238-244. [PMID: 38699767 PMCID: PMC11062300 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231223311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is a chronic severe mental illness with heterogeneous clinical presentation, course, and outcome. Cognitive impairment is one of its core features. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) imaging using OCT (optical coherence tomography) could provide easy access for in vivo imaging of the retina, rendering it as a "window to the brain." Studies done on schizophrenia have shown RNFL thinning. This study attempts to look into the association between cognitive impairment, disease duration, and RNFL abnormality in patients with schizophrenia using OCT. Methods Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia meeting DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria and who were confirmed to be in remission for at least six months clinically and scoring less than three on PANSS-8 (positive and negative symptom scale-8) remission scale were included. They were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) for cognitive assessment. RNFL measures were taken using spectral domain-OCT. Variables were compared using Pearson's correlation test, one-way ANOVA test, and independent t-test as appropriate. Results A total of 36 patients were studied. MoCA scores and RNFL thickness showed a positive correlation. Patients with schizophrenia had reduced average RNFL thickness and reduced RNFL thickness in superior, inferior, and temporal quadrants. Average RNFL thickness, Superior and inferior quadrant RNFL thickness showed a positive correlation with MoCA scores. No correlation was obtained between macular volume, macular thickness, duration of illness, and MoCA scores. Conclusion Patients with schizophrenia have reduced average RNFL thickness. Patients with low MoCA scores have RNFL thinning.
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Hu J, Wu S, Shi G, Fan J, Yu H, Chen S. Design of an endoscopic OCT probe based on piezoelectric tube with quartered outside electrodes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1391630. [PMID: 38725993 PMCID: PMC11080653 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1391630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a pivotal imaging modality in ophthalmology for real-time, in vivo visualization of retinal structures. To enhance the capability and safety of OCT, this study focuses on the development of a micro intraocular OCT probe. The demand for minimal invasiveness and precise imaging drives the need for advanced probe designs that can access tight and sensitive areas, such as the ocular sclera. Methods: A novel OCT probe was engineered using a piezoelectric tube with quartered electrodes to drive Lissajous scanning movements at the end of a single-mode fiber. This design allows the probe to enter the eyeball through a scleral opening. Structural innovation enables the outer diameter of the endoscopic OCT probe to be adjusted from 13G (2.41 mm) to 25G (0.51 mm), accommodating various imaging field sizes and ensuring compatibility with different scleral incisions. Results: The fabricated micro intraocular OCT probe successfully performed preliminary imaging experiments on in vivo fingers. The Lissajous scanning facilitated comprehensive coverage of the target area, enhancing the imaging capabilities. Discussion: The integration of a piezoelectric tube with quartered outside electrodes into the OCT probe design proved effective for achieving precise control over scanning movements and adaptability to different surgical needs. The design characteristics and practical applications demonstrated the probe's potential in clinical settings.
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Nebbioso M, Franzone F, Milanese A, Artico M, Taurone S, La Cava M, Livani ML, Bonfiglio V, Vestri A. Psychophysical, electrofunctional, and morphological evaluation in naïve neovascular AMD patients treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF. Aging Med (Milton) 2024; 7:189-201. [PMID: 38725692 PMCID: PMC11077329 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the retinal morpho-functional characteristics of patients with neovascular wet age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with intravitreal injection (IV) of aflibercept (AFL). Methods The study was conducted on 35 patients previously diagnosed with type 1 nAMD who received a fixed-dosing regimen of aflibercept injections over 12 months. The goal was to assess trends in visual abilities over time by measuring visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The same psychophysical, electro-functional, and morphological tests administered at baseline (T0) were repeated 4 to 8 weeks after the last aflibercept injection (Tn), resulting in a total of six examinations. Results At Tn, all subjects exhibited improved VA for both far and near distances compared to values detected at T0. Similarly, VEP amplitude and latency values at Tn showed a greater P100 improvement than those observed at T0. Additionally, the CS examination at Tn demonstrated improvement, particularly at high spatial stimulation frequencies. The Tn SD-OCT results highlighted a reduction in macular thickness compared to T0 values. Conclusions This exploratory research indicates that intravitreal injections of AFL, following a fixed-dosing regimen, represent a valuable therapeutic approach for enhancing visual performance. This conclusion is supported by comprehensive statistical analysis of psychophysical, electro-functional, and morphological examinations within the same group of patients with nAMD, as demonstrated for the first time.
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Veeraraghavan S, Kidambi BR. "Full thickness calcium fracture by coronary intravascular lithotripsy on optical coherence tomography (OCT)" - cross it, crack it!! Acta Cardiol 2024; 79:252-253. [PMID: 38236664 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2024.2304463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
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Karn PK, Abdulla WH. Advancing Ocular Imaging: A Hybrid Attention Mechanism-Based U-Net Model for Precise Segmentation of Sub-Retinal Layers in OCT Images. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:240. [PMID: 38534514 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a novel U-Net model incorporating a hybrid attention mechanism for automating the segmentation of sub-retinal layers in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images. OCT is an ophthalmology tool that provides detailed insights into retinal structures. Manual segmentation of these layers is time-consuming and subjective, calling for automated solutions. Our proposed model combines edge and spatial attention mechanisms with the U-Net architecture to improve segmentation accuracy. By leveraging attention mechanisms, the U-Net focuses selectively on image features. Extensive evaluations using datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms existing approaches, making it a valuable tool for medical professionals. The study also highlights the model's robustness through performance metrics such as an average Dice score of 94.99%, Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) of 97.00%, and Strength of Agreement (SOA) classifications like "Almost Perfect", "Excellent", and "Very Strong". This advanced predictive model shows promise in expediting processes and enhancing the precision of ocular imaging in real-world applications.
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Shen Y, Wang X, Gu N, Liu Z, Rong J, Shen C, Zhang W, Chen P, Deng Y, Deng C, Ma S, Zhao Y, Zhao R, Shi B. Association between periprocedural myocardial injury and neointimal characteristics in patients with in-stent restenosis: an optical coherence tomography study. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2024; 14:5-17. [PMID: 38434558 PMCID: PMC10904304 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-23-390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background The relationship between neointimal characteristics of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between PMI and neointimal characteristics of ISR by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods This was a retrospective study. We enrolled 140 patients diagnosed with ISR with normal baseline high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels who underwent OCT and subsequent revascularization by means of drug-coated balloon (DCB) or drug-eluting stent (DES) between October 2018 and October 2022 in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. Based on the 4th universal definition of myocardial infarction, patients whose hs-cTnT were increased five times above the upper reference limit (URL) after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) were deemed to PMI. The patients were subdivided into PMI (n=53) and non-PMI (n=87) groups. In the univariable analysis, variables in the baselines, angiography characteristics and OCT findings were analyzed with binary logistic regression. A P value of <0.2 was included in the multivariable model. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of PMI. Results The prevalence of intra-intimal microvessels in patients with PMI was higher than in those without PMI (58.5% vs. 32.2%, P=0.003). The ratio of intra-stent plaque rupture (PR) was also higher in patients with PMI (60.4% vs. 40.2%, P=0.021). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that intra-intimal microvessels [odds ratio (OR): 3.193, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.280-7.966; P=0.013] and intra-stent PR (OR: 2.124, 95% CI: 1.153-4.732; P=0.035) were independently associated with PMI. Conclusions Intra-intimal microvessels and intra-stent PR were independently associated with PMI. Accurate identification and recognition of intra-intimal microvessels and intra-stent PR may be helpful in preventing PMI.
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Chong YJ, Azzopardi M, Hussain G, Recchioni A, Gandhewar J, Loizou C, Giachos I, Barua A, Ting DSJ. Clinical Applications of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: An Updated Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:122. [PMID: 38248000 PMCID: PMC10814678 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the field of ophthalmology and has now become an indispensable, noninvasive tool in daily practice. Most ophthalmologists are familiar with its use in the assessment and monitoring of retinal and optic nerve diseases. However, it also has important applications in the assessment of anterior segment structures, including the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, anterior chamber, and iris, and has the potential to transform the clinical examination of these structures. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential clinical utility of anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) for a wide range of anterior segment pathologies, such as conjunctival neoplasia, pterygium, scleritis, keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, and infectious/noninfectious keratitis. In addition, the clinical applications of AS-OCT (including epithelial mapping) in preoperative planning and postoperative monitoring for corneal and refractive surgeries are discussed.
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Liu FJ, Chen Q, Cheng Y. Noninvasive carotid ultrasound for predicting vulnerable plaques of the coronary artery based on optical coherence tomography images. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:316-324. [PMID: 38223065 PMCID: PMC10784012 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Background The risk factors for coronary and carotid plaque development are consistent. Coronary plaque rupture is a major cause of adverse cardiovascular events. Ultrasound can evaluate vulnerable carotid plaques and provide information for predicting vulnerable coronary plaques identified by optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of non-invasive carotid ultrasound in OCT diagnosis of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque. Methods A total of 70 participants, including 35 patients with and 35 without vulnerable coronary plaque, were enrolled in this case-control study at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2016 to 2021. The data of 70 patients with suspected coronary heart disease who had undergone OCT examination during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) surgery and completed carotid ultrasound examination within 3 days before PCI were analyzed retrospectively. According to the OCT diagnostic criteria for vulnerable plaques, the patients were divided into the vulnerable-plaque group and the stable-plaque group. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses assessed risk factors for vulnerable coronary plaque. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the predictive power of carotid plaque features. Results The univariate analysis demonstrated that the differences in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and carotid plaque characteristics (irregular fibrous cap, heterogeneous plaque, hypoechoic plaque, plaque calcification, and a plaque thickness of greater than 3 mm) between the two groups were statistically significant. The logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that an irregular fibrous cap of a carotid plaque [odds ratio (OR) =4.819; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.106-22.867; P=0.048] and a hypoechoic plaque (OR =9.632; 95% CI: 2.138-43.384; P<0.05) were independent risk factors for predicting vulnerable plaques of the coronary artery. Conclusions Noninvasive carotid ultrasound is feasible and clinically valuable for predicting vulnerable and asymptomatic coronary plaques defined by OCT. With this method, adverse events can be diagnosed and treated in advance.
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Pfeiffer V, Gubser PA, Shang X, Lincke JB, Häner NU, Zinkernagel MS, Unterlauft JD. Functional and Morphological Outcomes after Trabeculectomy and Deep Sclerectomy-Results from a Monocentric Registry Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:101. [PMID: 38201410 PMCID: PMC10802181 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of trabeculectomy (TE) and deep sclerectomy (DS) in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) and thereby preserving visual field and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) tissue in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases. IOP, number of IOP-lowering medications, visual acuity, mean defect of standard automated perimetry, and mean peripapillary RNFL thickness were retrospectively collected and followed up for 3 years after surgery. TE was performed in 104 eyes and DS in 183 eyes. Age, gender, laterality, IOP, number of medications, visual acuity, perimetry mean defect, and peripapillary RNFL thickness were equally distributed at baseline. Mean IOP decreased from 23.8 ± 1.4 mmHg and 23.1 ± 0.4 mmHg to 13.4 ± 0.6 mmHg (p < 0.001) and 15.4 ± 0.7 mmHg (p = 0.001) in the TE and DS groups, respectively. Mean defect remained stable (TE: -11.5 ± 0.9 dB to -12.0 ± 1.1 (p = 0.090); DS: -10.5 ± 0.9 dB to -11.0 ± 1.0 dB (p = 0.302)), while mean peripapillary RNFL thickness showed further deterioration during follow-up (TE group: 64.4 ± 2.1 μm to 59.7 ± 3.5 μm (p < 0.001); DS group: 64.9 ± 1.9 μm to 58.4 ± 2.1 μm (p < 0.001)). Both TE and DS were comparably effective concerning postoperative reduction in IOP and medication. However, glaucoma disease further progressed during follow-up.
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Ponugoti A, Ngo H, Stinnett S, Vajzovic L. Chronic Effects of e-Cigarette Aerosol Inhalation on Macular Perfusion Assessed Using OCT Angiography. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2024; 8:21-28. [PMID: 38223771 PMCID: PMC10786087 DOI: 10.1177/24741264231205071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether there are significant differences in the microvasculature and central retinal thickness (CRT) between e-cigarette users (user group) and age-matched nonusers (control group) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional observational study, OCTA images were acquired of 52 eyes of 26 users and 25 eyes of 25 age-matched nonusers. Daily e-cigarette users with no ocular history were identified from provider information in the electronic medical record. A custom algorithm was used to calculate the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), vessel area density (VAD), and vessel length density (VLD). OCT software was used to calculate the foveal, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal CRT. Generalized estimating equations using the Z-statistic were used to determine how the FAZ, VAD, VLD, and CRT parameters varied between groups and to assess the differential contribution of descriptive data in the user group. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the user group and control group in the FAZ, superficial vascular complex (SVC) VAD, SVC VLD, or deep vascular complex (DVC) VAD. A statistically significant difference was found for DVC VLD (P = .002), with the user group having a slightly higher VLD on average. Superior, temporal, and inferior inner macular thicknesses were significantly thinner in the user group (P = .038, P = .012, and P = .035, respectively). Conclusions: Significant negative differences were found in CRT measures but not in retinal microvasculature parameters between e-cigarette users and nonusers. Decreased inferior, temporal, and superior inner macular thickness in e-cigarette users may show an early chronic structural effect that warrants further assessment of retinal effects as this population ages and continues to use e-cigarettes.
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van der Heide FCT, Steens ILM, Limmen B, Mokhtar S, van Boxtel MPJ, Schram MT, Köhler S, Kroon AA, van der Kallen CJH, Dagnelie PC, van Dongen MCJM, Eussen SJPM, Berendschot TTJM, Webers CAB, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Koster A, van Sloten TT, Jansen JFA, Backes WH, Stehouwer CDA. Thinner inner retinal layers are associated with lower cognitive performance, lower brain volume, and altered white matter network structure-The Maastricht Study. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:316-329. [PMID: 37611119 PMCID: PMC10917009 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The retina may provide non-invasive, scalable biomarkers for monitoring cerebral neurodegeneration. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from The Maastricht study (n = 3436; mean age 59.3 years; 48% men; and 21% with type 2 diabetes [the latter oversampled by design]). We evaluated associations of retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer thicknesses with cognitive performance and magnetic resonance imaging indices (global grey and white matter volume, hippocampal volume, whole brain node degree, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency). RESULTS After adjustment, lower thicknesses of most inner retinal layers were significantly associated with worse cognitive performance, lower grey and white matter volume, lower hippocampal volume, and worse brain white matter network structure assessed from lower whole brain node degree, lower global efficiency, higher clustering coefficient, and higher local efficiency. DISCUSSION The retina may provide biomarkers that are informative of cerebral neurodegenerative changes in the pathobiology of dementia.
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Grants
- 31O.041 OP-Zuid, the Province of Limburg, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
- Stichting De Weijerhorst (Maastricht, the Netherlands), the Pearl String Initiative Diabetes (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), the Cardiovascular Center (CVC, Maastricht, the Netherlands), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (Maastricht, the Netherlands), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care (Maastricht, the Netherlands), NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Stichting Annadal (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Health Foundation Limburg (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Perimed (Järfälla, Sweden), and by unrestricted grants from Janssen-Cilag B.V. (Tilburg, the Netherlands), Novo Nordisk Farma B.V. (Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands), and Sanofi-Aventis Netherlands B.V. (Gouda, the Netherlands)
- 916.19.074 VENI research
- 2018T025 Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research and the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, and a Dutch Heart Foundation research
- 2021.81.004 Diabetes Fonds Fellowship
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Apuzzo A, Gravina S, Panozzo G, Lattanzio R, Cicinelli MV, Bandello F. From diagnosis to prognosis: A paradigm shift for multimodal imaging in assessing diabetic macular edema. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:7-10. [PMID: 37649341 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231199149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in patients with diabetes. Multimodal imaging (MMI) has allowed a shift from DME diagnosis to prognosis. Although there are no accepted guidelines, MMI may also lead to treatment customization. Several study groups have tried to identify structural biomarkers that can predict treatment response and long-term visual prognosis. The purpose of this editorial is to review currently proposed optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) biomarkers.
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Heger KA, Waldstein SM. Artificial intelligence in retinal imaging: current status and future prospects. Expert Rev Med Devices 2024; 21:73-89. [PMID: 38088362 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2294364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The steadily growing and aging world population, in conjunction with continuously increasing prevalences of vision-threatening retinal diseases, is placing an increasing burden on the global healthcare system. The main challenges within retinology involve identifying the comparatively few patients requiring therapy within the large mass, the assurance of comprehensive screening for retinal disease and individualized therapy planning. In order to sustain high-quality ophthalmic care in the future, the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into our clinical practice represents a potential solution. AREAS COVERED This review sheds light onto already realized and promising future applications of AI techniques in retinal imaging. The main attention is directed at the application in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The principles of use in disease screening, grading, therapeutic planning and prediction of future developments are explained based on the currently available literature. EXPERT OPINION The recent accomplishments of AI in retinal imaging indicate that its implementation into our daily practice is likely to fundamentally change the ophthalmic healthcare system and bring us one step closer to the goal of individualized treatment. However, it must be emphasized that the aim is to optimally support clinicians by gradually incorporating AI approaches, rather than replacing ophthalmologists.
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Peng J, Lu J, Zhuo J, Li P. Multi-Scale-Denoising Residual Convolutional Network for Retinal Disease Classification Using OCT. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:150. [PMID: 38203011 PMCID: PMC10781341 DOI: 10.3390/s24010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Macular pathologies can cause significant vision loss. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the retina can assist ophthalmologists in diagnosing macular diseases. Traditional deep learning networks for retinal disease classification cannot extract discriminative features under strong noise conditions in OCT images. To address this issue, we propose a multi-scale-denoising residual convolutional network (MS-DRCN) for classifying retinal diseases. Specifically, the MS-DRCN includes a soft-denoising block (SDB), a multi-scale context block (MCB), and a feature fusion block (FFB). The SDB can determine the threshold for soft thresholding automatically, which removes speckle noise features efficiently. The MCB is designed to capture multi-scale context information and strengthen extracted features. The FFB is dedicated to integrating high-resolution and low-resolution features to precisely identify variable lesion areas. Our approach achieved classification accuracies of 96.4% and 96.5% on the OCT2017 and OCT-C4 public datasets, respectively, outperforming other classification methods. To evaluate the robustness of our method, we introduced Gaussian noise and speckle noise with varying PSNRs into the test set of the OCT2017 dataset. The results of our anti-noise experiments demonstrate that our approach exhibits superior robustness compared with other methods, yielding accuracy improvements ranging from 0.6% to 2.9% when compared with ResNet under various PSNR noise conditions.
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