251
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Chen SM, Keokitichai S, Wrigglesworth JM. Association of glycolytic enzymes with the erythrocyte membrane. Biochem Soc Trans 1981; 9:139-40. [PMID: 6783453 DOI: 10.1042/bst0090139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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252
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Chen SM, Wrigglesworth JM, Perry MC, Plummer DT. Effect of insulin on the electrophoretic mobility of chick and human erythrocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 1981; 9:128-9. [PMID: 7011868 DOI: 10.1042/bst0090128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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253
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Chen CF, Chen SM, Lin MT, Chow SY. In vivo and in vitro studies on the mechanism of cardiovascular effects of Wu-Chu-Yu (Evodiae fructus). THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 1981; 9:39-47. [PMID: 7304497 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x81000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the Chinese herb Wu-Chu-Yu (Evodiae fructus) on the cardiovascular function were assessed in anesthetized cats, conscious rats, and isolated preparations of rat aortic strip and auricle. In anesthetized cats, intravenous administration of alcohol-water crude extracts of Wu-Chu-Yu (0.03-0.24 g/kg) produced a dose-dependent hypertension and an increased contractile force of nictitating membrane which lasted for more than 5 min in higher doses. Phentolamine, but not tetraethylammonium antagonized hypertension and the increased contractile force of nictitating membrane induced by Wu-Chu-Yu. In conscious rats, hypertension was also observed by intraperitoneal administration of Wu-Chu-Yu (6 g/kg). Bilateral nephrectomy, administration of phentolamine or propranolol, all significantly decreased the hypertensive effect of Wu-Chu-Yu. Pretreatment with reserpine 24 hours in advance did not change the pressor effect of the crude extract. In aortic strip preparations, Wu-Chu-Yu caused the increase of contractile force, and the dose-response curve was parallel shift to the right in the presence of phentolamine. In auricle preparations, Wu-Chu-Yu produced positive inotropic and positive chronotropic effects, and the presence of propranolol changed the slope of Wu-Chu-Yu's dose-inotropic effect curve and reversed the chronotropic effect from positive to negative. Both in vivo and in vitro results suggested that alpha and beta adrenoceptors were directly involved in the cardiovascular effects of Wu-Chu-Yu.
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254
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Chen CF, Chen SM, Chow SY, Han PW. Protective effects of Carica papaya Linn on the exogenous gastric ulcer in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 1981; 9:205-12. [PMID: 7053020 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x81000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Carica papaya Linn on exogenous ulcer and histamine-induced acid secretion were studied in rats. The latex of the unripened fruit of C. papaya was effective in protecting the exogenous ulcer. It significantly lessened the acid secretion induced by intravenous infusion of histamine in chronic gastric fistulated rats. Crystalline papain was also effective in protecting the exogenous ulcer and in decreasing the histamine-induced acid secretion in rats. The conclusion is that papain is the active principle in C. papaya that exerts the ulcer-protective effect.
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255
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Zimmermann W, Chen SM, Bolden A, Weissbach A. Mitochondrial DNA replication does not involve DNA polymerase alpha. J Biol Chem 1980; 255:11847-52. [PMID: 6777385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphidicolin, a known inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, is a potent inhibitor of nuclear DNA synthesis in HeLa cells but has no effect on the replication of mitochondrial DNA. Parallel experiments with mitochondria incubated in vitro also show no inhibition of DNA synthesis by aphidicolin; however, DNA synthesis in these isolated mitochondria is completely blocked by dideoxycytidine triphosphate, which inhibits DNA polymerase gamma but not the alpha polymerase. The replication of mitochondrial DNA therefore requires only one DNA polymerase of the gamma type.
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256
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Lu XR, Chen SM, Sun T. [Study of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking effect of extract of root Pueraria pseudo-hirsuta (author's transl)]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1980; 15:218-22. [PMID: 6109425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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257
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Chen CF, Ho WT, Liao JF, Chen SM, Chow SY. [Pharmacological studies of Chinese herbs. (8) Pharmacological effects of Plantaginis Semen (author's transl)]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1980; 79:19-29. [PMID: 6929883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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258
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Trowsdale J, Chen SM, Hoch JA. Genetic analysis of a class of polymyxin resistant partial revertants of stage O sporulation mutants of Bacillus subtilis: map of the chromosome region near the origin of replication. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1979; 173:61-70. [PMID: 112355 DOI: 10.1007/bf00267691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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259
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Chen SM, Grudzinskas CV, Dessy F. Prostaglandins and congeners XXIII (1). Synthesis of 15-deoxy-16-hydroxy-16-methylprostanglandins. The importance of the C13--C14 trans double bond for bronchodilator activity. PROSTAGLANDINS 1979; 17:707-17. [PMID: 493558 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(79)80042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and bronchodilator activity in the guinea pig of several 15-deoxy-16-hydroxy-16-methylprostaglandin analogs is described. The E2 (VIa) and E1 (VIb) analogs are potent bronchodilators comparable in activity to the natrual prostaglandins, but possessing a longer duration of effect. Replacement of the C13--C14 trans double bond by a cis double bond or an ethylene linkage causes a substantial diminishment of this activity.
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260
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Trowsdale J, Chen SM, Hoch JA. Evidence that spo0A mutations are recessive in spo0A-/spo0A+ merodiploid strains of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 1978; 135:99-113. [PMID: 97278 PMCID: PMC366596 DOI: 10.1128/jb.135.1.99-113.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spo0A locus contains two types of closely linked mutations that block sporulation at stage 0: spo0A mutations (the most pleiotropic of the stage 0 markers) and spo0C mutations. It was previously thought that spo0A mutations were dominant in merodiploids of Bacillus subtilis, whereas spo0C mutations were recessive. We have shown that spo0A mutations were recessive when spo0A-/spo0A+ merodiploids were made in the genetic backgrounds of strains that were resistant to antibiotic produced by the wild-type strain. Reinvestigation of cultures of spo0A-/spo0A+ merodiploids constructed in the antibiotic-sensitive spo0A strain showed that they contained the spo0A allele at a low frequency, and they produced very few haploid Spo- segregants. These facts indicated that the cultures contained mostly homogenotic (spo0A+/spo0A+) cells. The reason for the poor survival of the spo0A-/spo0A+ merodiploids in the genetic background of the antibiotic-sensitive strain was not clear, but several possible explanations were given. It may have been related to the diploid state of other genes in the same merodiploid cells. The previous indication that spo0A mutations were dominant seems to have been based on the properties of a rare class of Spo- segregants that were probably selected in the presence of antibiotic.
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261
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Chow SY, Chen CF, Chen SM. [Pharmacological studies of Chinese herbs. (6) Pharmacological effects of Epiphyllum oxypetalum Haw (author's transl)]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1977; 76:916-25. [PMID: 273654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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262
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Chow SY, Chen SM, Yang JC. [Pharmacological studies on Chinese herbs. (5) Antipyretic effects of 12 Chinese herbs]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1977; 76:338-43. [PMID: 268413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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263
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Abstract
Alleles at the C locus in maize include C, one of the complementary genes required for anthocyanin pigmentation in the aleurone tissue of the mature kernel; C-I, dominant inhibitor of pigmentation; and c, recessive colorless. The recessive colorless alleles can be differentiated into two distinct forms: c-p (p for positive), conditional colored, develops pigment in the light during germination; c-n (n for negative), colorless, fails to develop pigment at any time. Four-point linkage data support the differentiation of c-p (in the alleles derived from either W22 or K55 inbreds) from c-n. Light and germination conditions are both required for anthocyanin synthesis in c-p tissue, but light "induction" and germination "induction" are two separable events inasmuch as the light stimulus can be stored. The ratio between the two major pigments, cyanidin and pelargonidin, is lowered in c-p tissue relative to that in dominant colored (C) tissue for the W22 allele and background but not for the K55 allele and background. Segregation tests reveal that the difference in the cyanidin-to-pelargonidin ratio in the C and the c-p tissue of W22 background is associated with the C locus. Several properties of the C locus, including anomalous allelic functions, stage- and properties of the C locus, including anomalous allelic functions, stage- and condition-dependent anthocyanin synthesis controlled by its multiple allelic series, and tissue-specific function, suggest that C may be a regulatory locus in the control of anthocyanin synthesis in aleurone tissue.
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Chow SY, Chen SM, Yang CM. [Pharmacological studies on Chinese herbs. (4) Effect of 40 Chinese drugs on arterial blood pressure]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1977; 76:47-53. [PMID: 266036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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265
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Chow SY, Chen SM, Yang CM. [Pharmacological studies on Chinese herb medicines. III Analgesic effect of 27 Chinese herb medicine]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1976; 75:349-57. [PMID: 1068212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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266
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Chow SY, Chen SM, Yang CM. [Pharamacological studies on Chinese herb medicine. (2) Effect of 50 Chinese medicine on arterial blood pressure]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1975; 74:702-7. [PMID: 1062497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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267
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Chen SM, Nakanishi K, Awata N, Morisaki M, Ikekawa N. Letter: Stereospecificity in the conversion of fucosterol 24,28-epoxide to desmosterol in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Am Chem Soc 1975; 97:5297-9. [PMID: 1165366 DOI: 10.1021/ja00851a056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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268
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Zagoren JC, Suzuki K, Bornstein MB, Chen SM, Suzuki K. Effect of hypocholesterolemic drug AY9944 on cultured nervous tissue: morphologic and biochemical studies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1975; 34:375-87. [PMID: 52692 DOI: 10.1097/00005072-197509000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of different concentrations of the hypocholesterolemic drug AY9944, an inhibitor of delta7-reductase, on organotypic cultures of fetal mouse spinal cord, were studied by light and electron microscopy. Exposure to 10(-6)M produced no observable changes. After 6 hours exposure to 10(-4)M, dense membrane-bound inclusions were occasionally observed in neurons. After 24 hours exposure to 10(-4)M, numerous cytoplasmic inclusions occurred in neurons, glia and macrophages. The form of these inclusions varied but were predominantly of two types; concentric, loosely-packed lamellae resembling membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) of Tay-Sachs disease and irregular dense bodies. They were identical to those observed in our previous in vivo study. Prolonged exposure to the drug at 10(-4)M caused an increased number of inclusions in all cell types. Eventually the cultures degenerated. The number of inclusions increased for at least 38 days following a 2-5 day exposure to AY9944 at 10(-4)M. However, by 70 days, although inclusions persisted, the cultures were mostly astrocytic. In long-term cultures, in addition to these inclusions, curved or straight electron-dense paired profiles were seen in some cells, presumably macrophages. Biochemical analysis of cultures exposed to 10(-4)M revealed the continuous presence of delta7, 24-cholesta-diene-3beta-ol and 7-dehydrocholesterol even after the drug wa removed from the cultures. In our previous animal experiments, intracytoplasmic inclusions and abnormal sterols with a double bond at the 7 position disappeared quickly after discontinuation of the drug. Therefore, the results obtained in our present in vitro experiments are different in this regard from the in vivo studies of AY9944.
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269
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Igarashi M, Suzuki K, Chen SM. Changes in brain hydrolytic enzyme activities in rats treated with cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, AY9944. Brain Res 1975; 90:97-114. [PMID: 48406 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal administration of AY9944 causes accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol, appearance of abnormal neuronal cytoplasmic lamellar inclusions containing acid phosphatase activities, and degeneration of oligodendroglial cells. In the present study, we attempted to correlate appearance and disappearance of abnormal inclusions, oligodendroglial degeneration, activities of lysosomal enzymes, and accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol. One group of 5-day-old rats received daily injection of AY9944, 30 mg/kg, for 30 days. Other groups received the same daily dosage but only in 10 consecutive days, starting from 5, 15, 25, and 35 days, respectively. Activities of 13 brain hydrolytic enzymes were determined. In the first group, activities of most enzymes increased over the controls, reaching the peak between the 15th and 25th day, corresponding to the maximum appearance of the neuronal inclusions and degenerating oligodendroglia. Despite the continued administration of AY9944 and the high tissue concentration of 7-dehydrocholesterol, activities of most enzymes declined after 25 days to relatively steady levels somewhat higher than controls. In the group which received 10-day injections, enzyme activities reached the peak at the end of the injections and then rapidly returned to normal within 10 days thereafter, corresponding to the appearance and disappearance of the abnormal inclusions. However, 7-dehydrocholesterol continued to increase for 10 days after the drug administration was discontinued. AY9944 had no direct effect on any of the enzymes in vitro. There appears to be generalized lysosomal activation concomitant with formation of abnormal neuronal inclusions in the experimental conditions.
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270
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Chow SY, Chen SM, Yang CM, Hsu H. [Pharmacological studies on Chinese herbs. 1. Hypotensive effects of 30 Chinese herbs]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1974; 73:729-39. [PMID: 4533768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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271
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Suzuki K, Zagoren JC, Chen SM, Suzuki K. Effects of triparanol and 20,25-diazacholesterol in CNS of rat: morphological and biochemical studies. Acta Neuropathol 1974; 29:141-56. [PMID: 4374858 DOI: 10.1007/bf00684773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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272
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Chow SY, Chen SM, Lin IL. Effects of continuous infusion of cardiotonic agents on arterial cations and glucose in dogs. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 1973; 21:159-72. [PMID: 4156292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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