2876
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Shimizu A, Ikeguchi M, Kobayashi T, Sugai S. A synthetic peptide study on the molten globule of alpha-lactalbumin. J Biochem 1996; 119:947-52. [PMID: 8797096 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the conformations of peptides that encompass the B helix or C helix region formed in the molten globule of bovine alpha-lactalbumin to get information on the molecular mechanism that stabilizes the molten globule. The CD spectra show that the isolated B and C helices are intrinsically unstable. The chemical shifts, NOE connectivities, and CD spectrum indicate that no helical structure is induced in the C helix region (86-99) by extending the peptide sequence to include the hydrophobic cluster region (101-107), although the hydrophobic cluster region can be regarded as a possible initiation site for folding of the protein. We also clarified that the isolated B helix (23-34) peptide does not directly interact with the C helix or hydrophobic cluster region. These results suggest that the B and C helices in the molten globule are stabilized by their interaction with other parts of the protein.
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2877
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Hiraga T, Shimada M, Okubo M, Nakanishi K, Kobayashi T, Murase T. Lipoprotein(a) is an independent risk factor for multiple cerebral infarctions. Atherosclerosis 1996; 122:29-32. [PMID: 8724109 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(95)05743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to ascertain whether Lp(a) is a risk factor for multiple cerebral infarctions (MCI), we have studied 83 patients with proven MCI and 39 subjects without MCI by computed tomography (CT). Seventy-one patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were included: 52 with and 19 without MCI. Serum Lp(a) levels were significantly higher in patients with MCI than in subjects without MCI. There were no differences in serum Lp(a) levels between NIDDM and non-diabetic patients with MCI. The logistic regression analysis revealed that Lp(a) and hypertension were independent risk factors for the cerebral event. The current study demonstrated that Lp(a) and hypertension are significant risk factors for multiple cerebral infarctions.
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2878
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Shakin VA, Abe S, Kobayashi T. Nonlinear optical susceptibilities of conjugated polymers: Damping, resonances, and scaling laws. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:10656-10666. [PMID: 9982630 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.10656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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2879
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Masuda S, Byford V, Kremer R, Makin HL, Kubodera N, Nishii Y, Okazaki A, Okano T, Kobayashi T, Jones G. In vitro metabolism of the vitamin D analog, 22-oxacalcitriol, using cultured osteosarcoma, hepatoma, and keratinocyte cell lines. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:8700-8. [PMID: 8621502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.15.8700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Using four cultured cell models representing liver, keratinocyte, and osteoblast, we have demonstrated that the vitamin D analog, 22-oxacalcitriol is degraded into a variety of hydroxylated and side chain truncated metabolites. Four of these metabolic products have been rigorously identified by high pressure liquid chromatography, diode array spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis as 24-hydroxylated and 26-hydroxylated derivatives as well as the cleaved molecules, hexanor-1alpha,20-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and hexanor-20-oxo-1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. Comparison with chemically synthesized standards has revealed the stereochemistry of the biological products. Although differences exist in the amounts of products formed with the different cell types, it is apparent that 22-oxacalcitriol is subject to metabolism by both vitamin D-inducible and noninducible enzymes. Time course studies suggest that the truncated 20-alcohol is derived from a side chain hydroxylated molecule via a hemiacetal intermediate and the 20-oxo derivative is likely formed from the 20-alcohol. Biological activity measurements of the metabolites identified in our studies are consistent with the view that these are catabolites and that the biological activity of 22-oxacalcitriol is due to the parent compound. These results are also consistent with recent findings of others that the biliary excretory form of 22-oxacalcitriol is a glucuronide ester of the truncated 20-alcohol.
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2880
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Kobayashi T, Yasui A, Ohnishi M, Kato S, Sasahara Y, Kusuda K, Chida N, Yanagawa Y, Hiraga A, Tamura S. Enhanced UV sensitivity of yeast cells induced by overexpression of Mg(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase alpha (type 2C alpha). Mutat Res 1996; 362:213-7. [PMID: 8637499 DOI: 10.1016/0921-8777(95)00036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The UV sensitivity of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells was increased 2-fold when rat Mg(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase alpha (protein phosphatase type 2C alpha) was overexpressed in the cells. The overexpression of this enzyme rendered the rad 18 mutant (defective in postreplication repair) more UV-sensitive than was observed in the wild-type cells. However, this increase in UV sensitivity disappeared when the host cells had a rad 1 mutation (defective in excision repair). These results suggest that the Mg(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase overexpressed in the yeast cells inhibited their excision repair system.
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2881
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Kimura S, Kobayashi T, Hara M. A case of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor of the parietal lobe with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging. ACTA PAEDIATRICA JAPONICA : OVERSEAS EDITION 1996; 38:168-71. [PMID: 8677797 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1996.tb03463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The case of a 4 year old boy with a dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) of the left parietal lobe is reported. The DNT was located mainly in the cortex and showed no mass effect on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T1-weighted images of the DNT showed the characteristic findings of lesion hypointensity, but with a well preserved gyrus-like configuration. This lesion was isointense to the normal cortex on proton density imaging and hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging. The characteristic features on T1-weighted and proton density imaging in this patient were useful in differentiating DNT from other types of tumors. Histologic findings in DNTs, which include the presence of both glial and neuronal cells without atypia and no definite transitional zone between the adjacent disorganized cortical cell layers, suggest that DNT is not a true neoplasm but rather a dysplastic lesion. It is clinically important to differentiate this tumor both from other benign tumors and malignant tumors which have different prognoses and therapies. The distinctive MRI findings, as well as the histologic features of DNT, support the diagnosis in the clinical setting.
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2882
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Hayashi S, Nagasaka T, Namii Y, Katayama A, Kozima T, Kobayashi T, Negita M, Yokoyama I, Saito I, Takagi H. Effect of antisense ribozyme to pig alpha (1,3) galactosyl transferase gene on the expression of Gal alpha (1,3)Gal epitope. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:628. [PMID: 8623312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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2883
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VanCott JL, Kobayashi T, Yamamoto M, Pillai S, McGhee JR, Kiyono H. Induction of pneumococcal polysaccharide-specific mucosal immune responses by oral immunization. Vaccine 1996; 14:392-8. [PMID: 8735550 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)00198-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Liposome and cholera toxin (CT) are considered to be effective antigen delivery vehicles and adjuvants for mucosal vaccines. The effect of these antigen delivery systems on adjuvant responses to mucosally administered pneumococcal polysaccharide (Pnup) was investigated in this study. Both mucosal (e.g. oral) and systemic (i.p.) immunization of mice with purified preparations of Pnup type 23F induced antigen-specific IgM responses in sera. Interestingly, oral immunization of as little as 10 micrograms of Pnup type 23F was sufficient to induce systemic IgM responses. Pnup-specific IgM antibodies peaked by day 7 and no booster responses were evident after a second dose on day 14. In order to examine whether IgG and IgA Pnup-specific immune responses are induced by mucosal immunization, the mucosal adjuvant CT was mixed with Pnup type 23 as an oral vaccine. Co-oral administration of CT and Pnup type 23F resulted in the induction of Pnup-specific faecal IgA antibodies. These results were confirmed by detecting antigen-specific IgA-spot-forming cells in mononuclear cell suspensions prepared from the intestine of immunized mice. These findings suggest that oral immunization with Pnup in the presence of mucosal adjuvants, such as CT, could induce Pnup-specific IgA responses whereas Pnup alone did not. In an attempt to further enhance antigen-specific antibody responses, Pnup type 23F was encapsulated in liposomes and used as mucosal vaccine. However, immunogenicity of Pnup was not improved.
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2884
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Kobayashi T, Neethling FA, Koren E, Taniguchi S, Ye Y, Niekrasz M, Takagi H, Hancock WW, Cooper DK. In vitro and in vivo investigation of anticomplement agents FUT-175 and K76COOH, in the prevention of hyperacute rejection following discordant xenotransplantation in a nonhuman primate model. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:604. [PMID: 8623297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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2885
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Taniguchi S, Neethling FA, Kobayashi T, Ye Y, Niekrasz M, Peters L, Koren E, Oriol R, Cooper DK. Ratites (ostrich, emu) as potential heart donors for humans: immunologic considerations. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:561. [PMID: 8623271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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2886
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Watanabe T, Ohnishi M, Kobayashi T, Oishi M, Tamura S. The mouse protein phosphatase 2Cbeta (Ppm1b) gene maps to the distal part of mouse chromosome 17. Genomics 1996; 33:147-9. [PMID: 8617503 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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2887
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Taniguchi T, Shibata K, Yamamoto K, Kobayashi T, Saito K, Nakanuma Y. Lidocaine attenuates the hypotensive and inflammatory responses to endotoxemia in rabbits. Crit Care Med 1996; 24:642-6. [PMID: 8612417 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199604000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of lidocaine on the hemodynamic and inflammatory responses to Escherichia coli endotoxemia in rabbits. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. SETTING University laboratory. SUBJECTS Twenty-seven female Japanese rabbits, anesthetized with urethane and ventilated mechanically. INTERVENTIONS Animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a) endotoxemic control group (n = 9), receiving intravenous Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.5 mg/kg bolus) via the mesenteric vein; b) laparotomy control group (n = 9), treated identically to the endotoxemic control group, except for substitution of 0.9% saline for endotoxin; and c) lidocaine-treated group (n = 9), treated identically to the endotoxemic controls and additionally, intravenous lidocaine (3 mg/kg bolus, followed by infusion at 2 mg/kg/hr) was administered immediately after endotoxin MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We compared hemodynamics, blood gases, and microscopic findings of lung tissue obtained at necropsy in each group. Laparotomy alone had a minimal effect on the parameters and findings. Endotoxin injection decreased mean systolic arterial pressure from 135 +/- 6 (SD) to 95 +/- 25 mm Hg (p < .05) and increased the mean base deficit from -1.2 +/- 1.8 to -14.4 +/- 4.2 mmol/L (p < .05), and caused the infiltration of neutrophils into the lungs. Lidocaine administration abolished the hypotension and attenuated the increase the base deficit to -9.5 +/- 2.1 mmol/L (p < .05) and the cellular infiltration in comparison with endotoxemic controls. CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine attenuated the hemodynamic and inflammatory responses to endotoxemia in rabbits. Findings suggest that lidocaine administration may prevent the development of hypotension and metabolic acidosis during endotoxemia.
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2888
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Iwasaki Y, Ikeda K, Shiojima T, Kobayashi T, Tagaya N, Kinoshita M. Deprenyl and pergolide rescue spinal motor neurons from axotomy-induced neuronal death in the neonatal rat. Neurol Res 1996; 18:168-70. [PMID: 9162873 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.1996.11740397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that both the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, deprenyl and the dopamine receptor agonist, pergolide have neuroprotective actions. To investigate the effect of deprenyl and pergolide on axotomized motor neuron death, we examined the survival of spinal motor neurons after sciatic nerve transection in the neonatal rats. Newborn rats were anesthetized with hypothermia. Sciatic nerve was cut near the obturator tendon in the left thigh. Animals were then treated daily with deprenyl (10 mg kg(-1)), pergolide (5 mg kg(-1)), or PBS for 14 days with intraperitoneal injections in a blind fashion. After the treatment, the number of spinal motor neurons in the L 4-6 was counted. There was approximately a 50% loss of spinal motor neurons in PBS-treated group. By contrast, both deprenyl and pergolide prevents spinal motor neuron death after axotomy Co-administration of deprenyl and pergolide is more effective than either agent alone but not significant. These findings are consistent with the idea that deprenyl and pergolide are survival factors for developing spinal motor neurons.
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2889
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Hayashi S, Nagasaka T, Namii Y, Katayama A, Kozima T, Kobayashi T, Yokoyama I, Takagi H. Protection of guinea pig cells transfected with the 512 gene for complement dependent cytolysis in rats. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:592. [PMID: 8623289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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2890
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Komeno T, Itoh T, Ohtani K, Kamoshita M, Hasegawa Y, Hori M, Kobayashi T, Nagasawa T, Abe T. Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis caused by mycobacterium kansasii in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. Intern Med 1996; 35:323-6. [PMID: 8739791 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.35.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 38-year-old man with pancytopenia due to myelodysplastic syndrome exhibited persistent pyrexia and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. A biopsy specimen of the lymph nodes showed diffuse infiltration of epitheloid cells, including acid-fast bacilli identified as Mycobacterium kansasii. Cultures from gastric lavage and stool yielded M. kansasii, and granulomas were found in the bone marrow. A diagnosis of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (DNTM) was established. The patient's condition improved after treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Although DNTM due to M. kansasii is rare in Japan, it should be recognized as a possible cause of opportunistic infections.
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2891
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Kobayashi T, Tanaka T, Kida Y, Oyama H, Niwa M, Maesawa S. [Gamma knife treatment of AVM of the basal ganglia and thalamus]. NO TO SHINKEI = BRAIN AND NERVE 1996; 48:351-6. [PMID: 8679332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformatios (AVMs) in the basal ganglia (BG) and thalamus (Thal) are difficult to treat by microsurgery or intravascular embolization alone, and the role of stereotactic gamma radiosurgery (gamma knife) of these AVMs is discussed. We have treated 324 cases of AVM with gamma knife since May 1991, and in 71 of these cases (19%) the AVM was in the BG or Thal. The results of gamma radiosurgery on AVMs of the BG and Thal were compared with the results of treating AVMs at other intracranial locations by gamma radiosurgery. The nidi were small (mean diameter: 16.4 mm), and they were treated with a mean maximum dose of 36.4 Gy and marginal dose of 19.9 Gy. The results were evaluated angiographically in 39 (55%) of the 71 cases, with a mean follow-up period of 23 months. The complete obliteration rate of AVMs in the BG and Thal 1 and 2 years after treatment was 54.3% and 92.0%, respectively, and the rate at the other locations was 42.9% and 76.0%, respectively. Adverse effects of this treatment in the AVM cases overall were rebleeding from the nidus in 5 cases (1.5%) and radiation necrosis in 4 cases (1.2%). In conclusion, AVMs of the BG and Thal were effectively and safely treated with the gamma knife, and stereotactic radiosurgery is a definitive alternative treatment for deep seated AVMs.
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2892
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Hamada M, Shigematsu Y, Kobayashi T, Kodama K, Hayashi Y, Hara Y, Okayama H, Kawakami H, Kuwahara T, Ikeda S, Hashida H, Hiwada K. [Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy generating a marked left ventricular pressure gradient in an 82-year-old woman]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 1996; 33:284-92. [PMID: 8752717 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.33.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Familial nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 78-year-old woman was diagnosed in 1988. Since then she has been treated with a beta-blocking drug and a calcium antagonist. Her clinical condition was NYHA I or II for several years. Echocardiography revealed asymmetric septal hypertrophy in 1988 (interventricular septal thickness = 21 mm, posterior wall thickness = 10 mm). Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve was first observed at the end of 1992. The left ventricular pressure gradient also gradually increased; it was about 138 mmHg in 1993 (age 82 yrs). The left ventricular ejection time index increased from 376 msec in May, 1992 to 459 msec in May, 1994. In September, 1994, the patient's condition gradually deteriorated (NYHA IV), and she was admitted to our hospital. To attenuate the left ventricular pressure gradient, 150 mg of disopyramide was administered. Her condition markedly improved: the left ventricular pressure gradient decreased from 180 mmHg to 76 mmHg, and the left ventricular ejection time index decreased from 485 msec to 419 msec. These results indicate that a left ventricular pressure gradient can be generated rapidly even in a very old patient, and that disopyramide may be useful to attenuate the left ventricular pressure gradient.
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2893
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Kobayashi T, Esato K, Morita N, Noshima NS. Effects of thromboxane A2 synthesis inhibitor (OKY-046) on total liver ischemia in rats. Int Surg 1996; 81:115-8. [PMID: 8912073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of OKY-046, a thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthesis inhibitor, on the hepatic dysfunction produced in rats by liver cell ischemia and reperfusion injury. METHODS Total warm ischemia of the liver was induced by the Pringle maneuver for a period of 45 minutes. The animals were divided into two groups; the OKY-046 group, and the control group. These were further divided into three subgroups according to the reperfusion time (5, 30, and 60 minutes). OKY-046 was administered via the femoral vein at a rate of 100 micrograms/kg/min, beginning 20 minutes prior to portal and hepatic arterial cross-clamping, continuing to the termination of the experiment. RESULTS The ratio of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) to 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6 keto PGF1 alpha) ratio in the liver tissue was lower in the OKY-046 group compared to the control group. Significant differences in the hydrous volume of the liver and in the mitochondrial score were noted between the OKY-046 and control groups, indicating liver preservation by OKY-046. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of this effect is postulated to be inhibition of the synthesis of TxA2 and enhancement of the levels of endogenous prostacyclin (PGI2). The resulting improvement in the TxA2 to PGI2 balance associated with OKY-046 administration may prevent liver damage in this model.
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2894
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Luo Y, Taniguchi S, Kobayashi T, Niekrasz M, Cooper DK. Screening of baboons as potential liver donors for humans. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:855. [PMID: 8623434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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2895
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Koren E, Milotic F, Neethling FA, Kosec M, Kujundzic N, Kobayashi T, Taniguchi S, Reichlin M, Cooper DK. Murine monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against human anti-alpha Gal antibodies prevent rejection of pig cells in culture: implications for pig-to-human organ xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:559. [PMID: 8623269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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2896
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Okaniwa Y, Yuasa S, Yamamoto N, Watanabe S, Kobayashi T, Okuyama H, Nomura M, Nagata Y. A high linoleate and a high alpha-linolenate diet induced changes in learning behavior of rats. Effects of a shift in diets and reversal of training stimuli. Biol Pharm Bull 1996; 19:536-40. [PMID: 8860953 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.19.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Rats fed from weaning on semi-purified diets supplemented either with linoleate-rich safflower oil (S) or alpha-linolenate-rich perilla oil (P) were mated. Half of the progeny were weaned to the original diet of the dams (SS and PP), the other two groups were shifted to diets enriched in the other fatty acid (SP and PS). Brightness-discrimination learning ability was tested daily for 30 d beginning at 11 weeks of age, with a bright light as the positive stimulus. The learning performance was inferior in the group fed the safflower diet through two generations (SS) as compared with groups fed the perilla diet through two generations (PP) or for which the diets were shifted at weaning (PS and SP). The docosahexaenoate content of brain phospholipids was significantly less in the SS group compared with the three other groups. After 30 d of the learning test, the effect of shifting the stimulus was tested for another 30 d, this time using a dim light as the positive stimulus. The learning performance was superior in the PP group to the SS group throughout the latter 30 sessions, the difference being even more obvious than during the first 30 d. These results indicate that the decrease in the discrimination-learning ability induced by alpha-linolenate deficiency is a relatively reversible process; both the docosahexaenoate content in brain and the learning performance were restored by supplementing alpha-linolenate after the weaning.
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2897
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Huang MZ, Naito Y, Watanabe S, Kobayashi T, Kanai H, Nagai H, Okuyama H. Effect of rapeseed and dietary oils on the mean survival time of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biol Pharm Bull 1996; 19:554-7. [PMID: 8860957 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.19.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Low-fat conventional diets supplemented with 5 or 10% vegetable oils were fed to stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) from weaning and the mean survival times were determined. A 1% aqueous sodium chloride solution was used as drinking water throughout the experiments. In four separate experiments, the rapeseed oil group showed a significantly shorter mean survival time. The relative mean survival times were 50-59% (rapeseed oil group), 78-100% (soybean oil group) and 86% (microbial oil group) as compared with the group fed perilla oil (100%). The group which received 4-fold diluted rapeseed oil exhibited a significantly shorter survival time as compared with the group receiving soybean oil. Although the feeding experiments were performed under very simple and restricted conditions, these results suggest that the rapeseed oil prepared for human use contains a factor (s) which is toxic to SHR-SP rats.
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2898
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Kobayashi T, Taniguchi S, Ye Y, Niekrasz M, Kosanke S, Neethling FA, Wright LJ, Rose AG, White DJ, Cooper DK. Delayed xenograft rejection in C3-depleted discordant (pig-to-baboon) cardiac xenografts treated with cobra venom factor. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:560. [PMID: 8623270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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2899
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Ara K, Igarashi K, Hagihara H, Sawada K, Kobayashi T, Ito S. Separation of functional domains for the alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 hydrolytic activities of a Bacillus amylopullulanase by limited proteolysis with papain. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996; 60:634-9. [PMID: 8829530 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An amylopullulanase (APase) from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. KSM-1378 hydrolyzes both alpha-1,6 linkages in pullulan and alpha-1,4 linkages in other polysaccharides, each maximally active at an alkaline pH, to generate oligosaccharides. We analyzed proteolytic fragments that were produced by exposing pure APase to various proteases, to identify its catalytic domain(s). The intact, pure 210-kDa APase was partially digested with papain for a short time, yielding simultaneously two smaller non-overlapping active fragments, designated amylose-hydrolyzing fragment (AHF114, 114 kDa) and pullulan-hydrolyzing fragment (PHF102, 102 kda). The two truncated protein fragments, each containing a single catalytic domain, were purified to homogeneity. The purified AHF114 and PHF102 had similar enzymatic properties to the amylase and pullulanase activities, respectively, of intact APase. The partial amino-terminal sequences of APase and AHF114 were both Glu-Thr-Gly-Asp-Lys-Arg-Ile-Glu-Phe-Ser-Tyr-Glu-Arg-Pro and that of PHF102 was Thr-Val-Pro-Leu-Ala-Leu-Val-Ser-Gly-Glu-Val-Leu-Ser-Asp-Lsy-Leu. These results were direct evidence that the alpha-1,6 and alpha-1,4 hydrolytic activities were associated with two different active sites in this novel enzyme. Our alkaline APase is obviously a "biheaded enzyme".
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2900
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Droma Y, Ge RL, Tanaka M, Koizumi T, Hanaoka M, Miyahara T, Yamaguchi S, Okada K, Yoshikawa S, Fujimoto K, Matsuzawa Y, Kubo K, Kobayashi T, Sekiguchi M. Acute hypoxic pulmonary vascular response does not accompany plasma endothelin-1 elevation in subjects susceptible to high altitude pulmonary edema. Intern Med 1996; 35:257-60. [PMID: 8739777 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.35.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that high altitude pulmonary edema-susceptible subjects (HAPE-S) have an accentuated pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the relationship between plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and the acute hypoxic pulmonary vascular response in HAPE-S and control subjects. In six HAPE-S and seven healthy subjects, we evaluated acceleration time/right ventricular ejection time (AcT/RVET) using Doppler echocardiography, and measured plasma ET-1 levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and after 5 minutes of breathing 10% oxygen. The HAPE-S showed a significantly increased pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia compared with healthy subjects. However, no statistically significant changes of plasma ET-1 levels were observed before and after hypoxia in both groups. We conclude that the increased pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia in HAPE-S may not be related to ET-1 release.
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