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Borrill ZL, Houghton CM, Woodcock AA, Vestbo J, Singh D. Measuring bronchodilation in COPD clinical trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 59:379-84. [PMID: 15801931 PMCID: PMC1884799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the variability and sensitivity of impulse oscillometry (R5, X5 and RF), plethysmography (Raw and sGaw) and spirometry (FEV1, FVC and MMEF) in order to determine the most powerful technique for assessing bronchodilation in COPD clinical trials. METHODS Twenty-four patients with COPD had impulse oscillometry, plethysmography and spirometry measured twice 30 mins apart, to determine variability. Then ascending doses of salbutamol (20, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 microg) were given and the same measurements made after each dose. Significant changes greater than variability were determined for each performed measurement (expressed as mean percentage improvement with 95% CI). RESULTS Significant effects (P < 0.05) were detected after 20 microg by X5 (18.5% CI 9.8-27.2) RF (11.1% CI 7.2-15.0) and sGaw (21.5% CI 10.1-32.9), and after 50 microg by R5 (16.7% CI 10.8-22.5) and Raw (19.7% CI 13.0-26.4). FEV1 was less sensitive, detecting significant bronchodilation at 100 microg (10.2% CI 7.4-12.9). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that impulse oscillometry and plethysmography should be considered the preferred techniques for measuring bronchodilation in COPD clinical trials.
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452
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Duran I, Le L, Saltman D, Kortmansky J, Kocha W, Singh D, Pond GR, Peralba JM, Dancey J, Siu LL. A phase II trial of temsirolimus in metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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453
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Singh D, Burns RL, Silverman P, Cooper BW, Krishnamurthi S, Fu P, Overmoyer BA. Trastuzumab-associated cardiac dysfunction. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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454
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Houghton CM, Woodcock AA, Singh D. A comparison of plethysmography, spirometry and oscillometry for assessing the pulmonary effects of inhaled ipratropium bromide in healthy subjects and patients with asthma. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 59:152-9. [PMID: 15676036 PMCID: PMC1884751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.2262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We have compared the ability of plethysmography (sGaw), impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry (FEV(1), MMEF) to detect bronchodilation in response to an anticholinergic. METHODS IOS (R5, R20, X5, RF), sGaw and spirometry were measured in 12 healthy subjects and 12 asthmatics. Variability was assessed by performing two measurements, 30 min apart and the effect of increasing the number of readings for each sGaw measurement was also studied. Ipratropium bromide (IB) 10, 20, 100 and 200 microg was administered and the sensitivity of the methods compared by determining the lowest dose that caused changes greater than variability. RESULTS In healthy subjects significant changes (P < or = 0.05) occurred at 10 microg for FEV(1) (mean [95% CI]; 1.3%[0.3-2.3]), R5 (mean [95% CI]; -7.9%, [-13.2-2.6]) and R20 (mean [95% CI], -6.4%, [-11.4-1.4]). No significant change was detected when the mean of 3 sGaw readings was used, but with 10 readings significant change was observed at 20 microg; (mean increase [95% CI] 15.2%[8.3-22.1]). In asthmatics significant changes (P < or = 0.05) occurred with IB 10 microg for sGaw (mean [95% CI] 25.6%[11.1-40.1]), R5 (mean [95% CI]-11.3%, [-15.5-7.2]), RF (mean [95% CI] 11.7%[6.1-16.3]), FEV(1) (mean [95% CI] 5.1%[2.6-7.7]) and MMEF (mean [95% CI] 12.3%[2.3-22.2]). CONCLUSION IOS and spirometry are more sensitive than sGaw in healthy subjects, but the sensitivity of sGaw improved when the number of readings was increased. The most sensitive method for assessing bronchodilation in asthmatics was sGaw.
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455
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Borrill Z, Starkey C, Vestbo J, Singh D. Reproducibility of exhaled breath condensate pH in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2005; 25:269-74. [PMID: 15684290 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00085804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is being used to sample airway fluid from the lower respiratory tract. EBC pH may be a biomarker of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, the reproducibility of EBC pH in COPD was investigated. A total of 36 COPD patients and 12 healthy nonsmoking subjects participated in several investigations: duration of argon deaeration, within-sample variability, effect of freezing, leaving samples at room temperature, nose-peg use, within- (WD) and between-day (BD) variability. Analysis of repeated measurements was performed using the Bland-Altman method with limits of agreement (LOA; mean difference+/-2 SD). Wider LOA indicate greater variability. EBC pH became significantly higher with argon deaeration for < or =5 min. Variability during sample analysis was minimal; LOA of within-sample variability, freezing for 3 months and leaving at room temperature for 3 h were -0.29-0.45, -0.37-0.42 and -0.13-0.09, respectively. In contrast, variability due to nose-peg use (LOA -1.46-1.99), WD (LOA -1.50-2.48) and BD variability (LOA -2.52-3.02) were higher in COPD. In healthy nonsmoking subjects, nose-peg use (LOA -0.27-0.23), WD (LOA -0.33-0.40) and BD variability (LOA -0.46-0.44) were more reproducible. In conclusion, the variability of exhaled breath condensate pH in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is mainly due to changes in airway pH over time, which are not seen in healthy nonsmoking subjects. Reasons for these fluctuations in exhaled breath condensate pH are unclear and require further investigation.
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456
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Houghton CM, Woodcock AA, Singh D. A comparison of plethysmography, spirometry and oscillometry for assessing the pulmonary effects of inhaled ipratropium bromide in healthy subjects and patients with asthma. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 59. [PMID: 15676036 PMCID: PMC1884751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We have compared the ability of plethysmography (sGaw), impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry (FEV(1), MMEF) to detect bronchodilation in response to an anticholinergic. METHODS IOS (R5, R20, X5, RF), sGaw and spirometry were measured in 12 healthy subjects and 12 asthmatics. Variability was assessed by performing two measurements, 30 min apart and the effect of increasing the number of readings for each sGaw measurement was also studied. Ipratropium bromide (IB) 10, 20, 100 and 200 microg was administered and the sensitivity of the methods compared by determining the lowest dose that caused changes greater than variability. RESULTS In healthy subjects significant changes (P < or = 0.05) occurred at 10 microg for FEV(1) (mean [95% CI]; 1.3%[0.3-2.3]), R5 (mean [95% CI]; -7.9%, [-13.2-2.6]) and R20 (mean [95% CI], -6.4%, [-11.4-1.4]). No significant change was detected when the mean of 3 sGaw readings was used, but with 10 readings significant change was observed at 20 microg; (mean increase [95% CI] 15.2%[8.3-22.1]). In asthmatics significant changes (P < or = 0.05) occurred with IB 10 microg for sGaw (mean [95% CI] 25.6%[11.1-40.1]), R5 (mean [95% CI]-11.3%, [-15.5-7.2]), RF (mean [95% CI] 11.7%[6.1-16.3]), FEV(1) (mean [95% CI] 5.1%[2.6-7.7]) and MMEF (mean [95% CI] 12.3%[2.3-22.2]). CONCLUSION IOS and spirometry are more sensitive than sGaw in healthy subjects, but the sensitivity of sGaw improved when the number of readings was increased. The most sensitive method for assessing bronchodilation in asthmatics was sGaw.
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457
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Saifuddin A, Abdus-Samee M, Mann C, Singh D, Angel JC. CT guided diagnostic foot injections. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:191-5. [PMID: 15664573 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2004.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Revised: 02/03/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe a CT technique for guiding diagnostic and therapeutic injections in the hind- and mid-foot. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over a period of 50 months, 28 individuals were referred for diagnostic and therapeutic hind- and mid-foot injections before possible arthrodesis. A CT technique was developed that allowed entry into the various joints using a vertical approach. Numbers of joints injected were as follows: posterior subtalar, 21; talonavicular, 4; calcaneonavicular, calcaneocuboid, navicular-cuneiform and 5th metatarsocuboid joints, 1 each. RESULTS All injections but one were technically successful. Significant relief of symptoms was noted by 16 participants, whereas for 9 there was no improvement and for 3 a partial response was achieved. CONCLUSION CT is a simple and safe alternative to fluoroscopy for guiding diagnostic and therapeutic foot injections, and may be the technique of choice in cases of disordered anatomy.
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458
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Singh D, Sachdev V, Singh AK, Sinha S. Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Post-Tubercular Meningitic Hydrocephalus: A Preliminary Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 48:47-52. [PMID: 15747217 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-830183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a common sequel of tubercular meningitis. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was performed in thirty-five patients. According to the duration of illness, six patients were in the early (less than 6 weeks), nineteen were in the intermediate (6 weeks to 6 months) and ten patients were in the late phase (more than 6 months) of tubercular meningitis (TBM). Six patients were in stage I, seven patients in stage II and twenty-two patients were in stage III. The overall success rate of ETV in TBM was 77 %. Sixty percent had early and seventeen percent had delayed recovery. Obstructive hydrocephalus was present in 54.3 % and 45.7 % had communicating hydrocephalus. The radiological recovery rate was 55.6 %. The outcome with a thin to transparent floor of the third ventricle was 87 %.
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459
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Choudhury SR, Sahu P, Singh D, Chadha R. Plastic pens as substitutes for metallic dilators. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-9261.16478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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460
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Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a condition caused by skeletal muscle injury and release of muscle cell contents into the circulation. It may result in myoglobinuria, the filtration of myoglobin into the urine, and is often associated with acute renal failure (ARF). Rhabdomyolysis may complicate many disease states. In some, such as crush injury, muscle injury is obvious; in others, such as drug overdose, it may never be apparent. It may occur in the setting of an altered mental status, and even in the conscious patient, it may occur with minimal symptoms or physical findings. Therefore, diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion and appropriate sensitivity to abnormal laboratory values. Many insults can precipitate rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Disruption of the muscle cell membrane may result from a direct mechanical or toxic insult to the membrane or an inability to maintain ionic gradients across the membrane (as in ischemia or extreme exertion). This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, complications, and management of rhabdomyolysis, particularly crush injuries in the setting of a major disaster.
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461
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Nandan D, Misra SK, Jain M, Singh D, Verma M, Sethi V. Social Audits for Community Action: A tool to Initiate Community Action for Reducing Child Mortality. Indian J Community Med 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.42853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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462
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Pathak A, Dutta S, Marwaha N, Singh D, Varma N, Mathuriya SN. Change in tissue thromboplastin content of brain following trauma. Neurol India 2005; 53:178-82. [PMID: 16010055 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.16404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue thromboplastin (TTP) is an integral membrane protein contributing to coagulopathy after trauma of brain, which is a rich source of TTP. AIMS A study was undertaken to establish the TTP content of various areas of normal brain and estimate the changes in TTP activity of brain in response to varying degrees of trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from different areas of brain of ten cadavers were used as controls and they were compared with contused brain tissue obtained after surgery in 25 head injury (HI) patients of varying severity. RESULTS In the study group, the TTP activity of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes after HI was significantly raised in contrast to that of the control group. The TTP activity was also significantly higher in the severe HI patients than those having moderate HI. The mode of injury and the time lapse after HI had no significant bearing on the TTP activity. Subjects above 40 years of age demonstrated a higher mean TTP activity after HI, though it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The study provides quantitative data on TTP activity of normal brain and highlights the role of TTP in coagulopathy following HI through its increased activity after HI, more so in the severe HI group.
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463
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Singh D, Tiong RL. Development of life cycle costing framework for highway bridges in Myanmar. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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464
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Singh D, Khaira NS, Sekhon JS. Symptomatic hypocalcaemia after treatment with zoledronic acid in a patient with multiple myeloma. Ann Oncol 2004; 15:1848. [PMID: 15550594 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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465
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Singh D, Naik SR, Naik S. Role of cysteine proteinase of Entamoeba histolytica in target cell death. Parasitology 2004; 129:127-35. [PMID: 15376772 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004005451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial flora of the intestine plays an important role in the virulence caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Cysteine proteinase (CP), an amoebic virulence factor, plays a major role in host cell destruction. The mechanism of increased virulence following bacterial co-association is not understood. We studied CP of E. histolytica HM1:IMSS which was co-associated with Escherichia coli K12 strain pre-incubated with GalNAc or CP specific inhibitor E 64. Co-association of E. histolytica with bacteria enhanced CP activity 3-6-fold as assessed by azocasein assay and substrate gel electrophoresis showed bands at molecular weights of 28, 35 and 56 kDa. Northern and Western blot analysis showed increase in ehcp2 and ehcp5 gene expression. Trophozoites co-associated with E. coli showed greater cytotoxicity of BHK cells by a 51Cr release assay than trophozoites that had not been co-associated; this enhancement was abolished by E-64 treatment. The killing of BHK 21 targets by E. histolytica was characterized by DNA laddering which was not inhibited with E-64. GalNAc pre-incubation of trophozoites reduced cytotoxicity and DNA laddering, while E. coli co-associated E. histolytica showed smearing with faint laddering of BHK implicating both necrosis and apoptosis. Hence, bacterial co-association increases CP activity and CP gene expression and contributes to the necrosis of the target cell.
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466
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Singh D, Gilchrist P, Niederlander C, Haeberlin B, Yegen U, Geba G. Assessment of in Vitro Delivered Dose of Formoterol via A New Multi-dose Dry Powder Inhaler: Reliable Delivery Over a Range of Clinically Relevant Inspiratory Flow Rates. Chest 2004. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.126.4_meetingabstracts.808s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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467
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Thekkudan J, Fildes J, Guntamadugu R, Owen A, Walker A, Datta S, Singh D, Hutchinson I, Yonan N, Leonard C. MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE PUMP (P-GLYCOPROTEIN) EXPRESSION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH REJECTION. Transplantation 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200407271-01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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468
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Singh D, Lawen J, Alkhudair W. DOES PRETRANSPLANT OBESITY AFFECT THE OUTCOME IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS? Transplantation 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200407271-00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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469
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Singh D, Singh A. Influence of alphamethrin on oxidative metabolism of the freshwater fish Catla catla. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2004; 73:161-166. [PMID: 15386087 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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470
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Warner J, Epstein M, Sweet A, Singh D, Burgess J, Stranks S, Hill P, Perry-Keene D, Learoyd D, Robinson B, Birdsey P, Mackenzie E, Teh BT, Prins JB, Cardinal J. Genetic testing in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism: unexpected results and their implications. J Med Genet 2004; 41:155-60. [PMID: 14985373 PMCID: PMC1735699 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.016725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Familial hyperparathyroidism is not uncommon in clinical endocrine practice. It encompasses a spectrum of disorders including multiple endocrine neoplasia types 1 (MEN1) and 2A, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome (HPT-JT), familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH), and familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP). Distinguishing among the five syndromes is often difficult but has profound implications for the management of patient and family. The availability of specific genetic testing for four of the syndromes has improved diagnostic accuracy and simplified family monitoring in many cases but its current cost and limited accessibility require rationalisation of its use. No gene has yet been associated exclusively with FIHP. FIHP phenotypes have been associated with mutant MEN1 and calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) genotypes and, very recently, with mutation in the newly identified HRPT2 gene. The relative proportions of these are not yet clear. We report results of MEN1, CASR, and HRPT2 genotyping of 22 unrelated subjects with FIHP phenotypes. We found 5 (23%) with MEN1 mutations, four (18%) with CASR mutations, and none with an HRPT2 mutation. All those with mutations had multiglandular hyperparathyroidism. Of the subjects with CASR mutations, none were of the typical FHH phenotype. These findings strongly favour a recommendation for MEN1 and CASR genotyping of patients with multiglandular FIHP, irrespective of urinary calcium excretion. However, it appears that HRPT2 genotyping should be reserved for cases in which other features of the HPT-JT phenotype have occurred in the kindred. Also apparent is the need for further investigation to identify additional genes associated with FIHP.
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471
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Goyal A, Singh D, Singh AK, Gupta V, Sinha S. Spontaneous rupture of spinal dermoid cyst with disseminated lipid droplets in central canal and ventricles. J Neurosurg Sci 2004; 48:63-5. [PMID: 15550900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Free fat in the ventricular space is a rare but well recognized complication of ruptured tumour of dermal origin. However, only 1 patient of spontaneous rupture of spinal dermoid tumour with disseminated fat in the central canal and ventricles has been described in the literature. The authors report an extremely rare case of ruptured intraspinal dermoid and passage of free fatty droplets via the patent central canal to the intracranial CSF space. The detailed clinical presentation, radiological findings, and review of the literature are presented. Despite being rarely reported, spinal dermoid cyst can rupture spontaneously, and free fat disseminate into the ventricles, and in extremely rare cases, fat can enter into the central canal. It is underlinerd that a prompt detection, with the help of MRI is essential in cases of spinal dermoid tumour cyst, with sudden deterioration in neurological condition, keeping in mind, the possibility of free fat in the central canal.
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472
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Singh D, Kiberd B, Belitsky P, Fraser A, Balbontin F, Lawen J. Therapeutic monitoring of cyclosporine in kidney transplantation: the Halifax experience. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:414S-419S. [PMID: 15041377 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate dosing of an immunosuppressive agent is critical to its efficacy and tolerability. Finding a simple and effective method of monitoring cyclosporine (CsA/CyA) has been formidable despite a long history of widespread usage. Earlier reports linked CsA dosing to trough levels (C0), whereas later more elaborate systems have evaluated efficacy linked to 12-hour area-under-the-curve (AUC(0-12)) as a measure of total drug exposure. Recent work done at our center and elsewhere has shown that the 2-hour postdose concentration (C2) to be simple and more effective than the C0 or the AUC. With C2 monitoring as a guide to CsA dosing, acute rejection (AR) and nephrotoxicity (NT) can be effectively reduced. Furthermore, absorption profile as per C2 levels further emphasizes the importance of achieving the targeted peak concentration in the first week of transplantation. The C2 concentration strategy is discussed in light of newer induction agents and other immunosuppression.
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473
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Singh SK, Tripathi PK, Yadav RP, Singh D, Singh A. Toxicity of malathion and carbaryl pesticides: effects on some biochemical profiles of the freshwater fish Colisa fasciatus. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2004; 72:592-599. [PMID: 15114461 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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474
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Fildes J, Thekkudan J, Guntamadugu R, Owen A, Singh D, Yonan N, Leonard C. P-glycoprotein and outcome following lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2003.11.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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475
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Nair V, Suri VS, Tatke M, Saran RK, Malhotra V, Singh D. Gangliogliomas: A report of five cases. Indian J Cancer 2004; 41:41-6. [PMID: 15105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the Central Nervous System. Five gangliogliomas were diagnosed out of 1560 brain tumours surgically resected out in a period of 5 years accounting for 0. 32%. We have tried to discuss in detail the pathological features of these tumours and have mentioned the clinical and radiological features associated with them. All the slides, tissue blocks and pathology reports of the surgical specimens of gangliglioma were reviewed and the clinical and radiological data reviewed. The ages of the patients ranged from 7-65 years with 4 males and 1 female. The tumors were located in the lateral ventricle (a rare site), temporal, parietal and the frontal lobes with duration of seizures varying from 1-9 years. The tumors were diagnosed by the presence of a dual population of neoplastic ganglionic and glial components. The glial components consisted of pilocytic astrocytes (l case), fibrillary astrocytes (2 cases), oligodendrocytes (1 case) and anaplastic astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (1 case). There was one-grade I GG, three-Grade II GGs and one-grade III GG. Astrocytes were the commonest glial component of GGs, either pilocytic or fibrillary. Oligodendrocytes as the glial component of GGs was seen in 2 cases one of which was anaplastic and this is a rare finding.
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