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Schmidhammer H, Schwarz P, Wei ZY. A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of 14-Alkoxy-Substituted Indolo- and Benzofuromorphinans in the Series of Selective ? Opioid Receptor Antagonists. Helv Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19980810532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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102
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Schmidhammer H, Krassnig R, Greiner E, R. Traynor J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 14-Alkoxymorphinans. 16. 14-O-Alkyl Derivatives of the m-Opioid Receptor Antagonist Cyprodime. HETEROCYCLES 1998. [DOI: 10.3987/com-98-s60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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103
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Schmidhammer H, Daurer D, Wieser M, Monory K, Borsodi A, Elliott J, Traynor JR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 14-alkoxymorphinans. 14.1 14-ethoxy-5-methyl substituted indolomorphinans with δ opioid receptor selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(96)00599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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104
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Kalinin VN, Shilova OS, Okladnoy DS, Schmidhammer H. Palladium-catalysed synthesis of 3- and 4-substituted 2H-pyran-2-ones. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 1996. [DOI: 10.1070/mc1996v006n06abeh000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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105
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Kraßnig R, Hederer C, Schmidhammer H. Optimization of the Synthesis of Oxycodone and 5-Methyloxycodone. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19963290608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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106
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Schmidhammer H, Jennewein HK, Krassnig R, Traynor JR, Patel D, Bell K, Froschauer G, Mattersberger K, Jachs-Ewinger C, Jura P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 14-alkoxymorphinans. 11. 3-Hydroxycyprodime and analogues: opioid antagonist profile in comparison to cyprodime. J Med Chem 1995; 38:3071-7. [PMID: 7636870 DOI: 10.1021/jm00016a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3-hydroxy-substituted analogues (3-7) of the mu selective opioid antagonist cyprodime has been synthesized in order to evaluate the role of a hydroxy group at C-3 concerning mu opioid antagonist selectivity. Compounds 3-7 were tested in bioassays (electrical stimulated mouse vas deferens preparation and myenteric-plexus longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea pig ileum) and opioid receptor binding assays. Antagonism of mu receptor-mediated responses induced by the mu selective agonist DAMGO afforded equilibrium dissociation constants in the mouse vas deferens preparation (Ke values) for compounds 3-7 which agreed closely with their affinities as determined by opioid receptor binding assays (Ki values). At kappa and delta receptors differences were apparent. Although the compounds had high affinity for both kappa and delta receptors in opioid receptor binding, they were very poor at antagonizing agonist responses mediated by kappa and particularly delta agonists in the mouse vas deferens preparation. None of the compounds tested showed agonist potency in the mouse vas deferens preparation or the myenteric-plexus longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea pig ileum.
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107
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Kalinin VN, Belyakova IL, Derunov VV, Park JK, Schmidhammer H. Synthesis and Properties of π-Complexes of Morphine Alkaloids with Palladium. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 1995. [DOI: 10.1070/mc1995v005n01abeh000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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108
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Kalinin VN, Derunov VV, Maat L, Park JK, Schmidhammer H. Synthesis of π-Complexes of Codeine with Iron and Molybdenum. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 1995. [DOI: 10.1070/mc1995v005n06abeh000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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109
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Freye E, Latasch L, Schmidhammer H, Portoghese P. [Interaction of S-(+)-ketamine with opiate receptors. Effects on EEG, evoked potentials and respiration in awake dogs]. Anaesthesist 1994; 43 Suppl 2:S52-8. [PMID: 7840415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To check for suspected opioid-receptor mediated hypnotic and antinociceptive effects of S(+)-ketamine, highly selective antagonists were used after the anaesthetic. METHODS. To determine the hypnotic effects of increasing doses of S(+)-ketamine (2-5-10-20 mg/kg given at 10-min intervals), EEG power spectra (delta, theta, alpha, beta) were derived (Lifescan), and antinociceptive potency was evaluated using the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP, Lifescan) in awake, trained dogs (n = 10). To check for an opioid-receptor-related interaction, an antagonist of the methoxymorphinane series (HS-275, 80 micrograms/kg i.v.) with higher selectivity than naloxone for the mu-receptor was given at the end. After washout the same animals were exposed to S(+)-ketamine. This time, however, the highly selective delta-antagonist naltrindole (160 micrograms/kg i.v.) was given. To show up any respiratory depression arterial blood gases were taken after each dose. RESULTS. S(+)-Ketamine induced a dose-related increase in power in the theta band (3-8 Hz), with a ceiling effect at 10 mg/kg. The changes were reversed by both antagonists. In the beta band (13-30 Hz) and in the delta domain, power decreased or increased, respectively, in a highly significant manner (P < 0.005) at 20 mg/kg. Both effects reversed after the antagonists with an overshoot in beta (+12% and +14%, respectively) and a decrease in delta (-45% and -62%, respectively) compared with control. S(+)-Ketamine induced a dose-dependent increase in peak latency and depression of the SEP amplitude by a maximum of over 50%. Latency changes were completely reversed only by HS-275. Amplitude height was only partly restored by both antagonists. A clinical relevant decrease in PaO2 and increase in PaCO2 increase were seen at 20 mg/kg. Hypoxia was reversed by both antagonists; hypercapnia was only partially reversed. CONCLUSION. The results confirm the suspicion that S(+)-ketamine induces an opioid theta- and delta-receptor-mediated deep hypnotic effect. Blockade of nociceptive impulses in afferent sensory nervous pathways suggests an efficient analgesic effect mediated partly by the opioid mu-receptor. Other mechanisms, such as an interaction with the NMDA receptor, have to be taken into consideration to account for the full antinociceptive effect. Respiratory depression may be of clinical importance when high dosages of S(+)-ketamine are given.
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110
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Schmidhammer H, Nussbaumer C, Patel D, Traynor JR. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 14-Alkoxymorphinans. Part 10. 14-O-Methyl derivatives of 5-methylnaltrexone and 5-methylnaloxone. Helv Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19940770614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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111
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Schmidhammer H, Kaspar F, Marki A, Borsodi A. Mixed Azines of Naloxone with Dihydromorphinone Derivatives. Helv Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19940770412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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112
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Schmidhammer H, Schwarz P. Unerwartete Reaktion von gemischten Azinen von Dihydrocodeinon mit Methansulfonsäure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199419940419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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113
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Kalinin VN, Belyakova IL, Derunov VV, Petrovskii PV, Yanovski AI, Struchkov YT, Schmidhammer H, Park JK. Nucleophilic Substitution in the Allylic System of Codeine and Pseudocodeine: Reactions with lithium cyano(methyl)-and (aryl)cyanocuprates. Crystal and molecular structure of 8?-phenyl-6,7-didehydro-4,5?-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan and 6?-phenyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5?-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan. Helv Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19940770119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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114
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Schmidhammer H, Krassnig R. A New and Efficient Synthesis of the m-Selective Opioid Antagonist Cyprodime. HETEROCYCLES 1994. [DOI: 10.3987/com-93-s(b)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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115
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Fürst Z, Búzás B, Friedmann T, Schmidhammer H, Borsodi A. Highly potent novel opioid receptor agonist in the 14-alkoxymetopon series. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 236:209-15. [PMID: 8391457 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The newly synthesized 14-alkoxymetopon derivatives, 14-methoxymetopon, 14-ethoxymetopon, 14-methoxy-5-methyl-morphinone, exhibit high affinity for the naloxone binding sites in rat brain. A substantial decrease in affinity was observed, in the presence of NaCl indicating a high degree of agonist activity. All three 14-alkoxymetopon derivatives displayed high affinity for [3H][D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin ([3H]DAMGO) binding sites, much less potency toward delta sites and were the least effective at kappa sites. Isolated tissue studies using the guinea pig ileum preparation confirmed their high agonist potency. Following administration the new compounds produced naloxone reversible antinociceptive effects and were 130-300 times more potent than morphine in the acetic acid induced abdominal constriction model in the mouse, and the hot plate and tail flick tests in the rat. The compounds also produced dose-dependent muscle rigidity, and potentiated barbiturate-induced narcosis. The in vivo apparent pA2 values for naloxone against 14-ethoxymetopon and morphine were similar in analgesia, suggesting an interaction with the same (mu) receptor site. The dependence liability of 14-alkoxymetopon derivatives in the withdrawal jumping test was less pronounced than that of morphine in either rats or mice, similar to tolerance to the their analgesic action. It is concluded that the 14-alkoxymetopon derivatives studied are selective and potent agonists at mu opioid receptors, with reduced dependence liability.
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Schmidhammer H, Schratz A, Schmidt C, Patel D, Traynor JR. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 14-Alkoxymorphinans. Part 9. 14-O-ethyl-5-methylnaltrexone, and opioid antagonist with unusual selectivity. Helv Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19930760131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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118
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Freye E, Latasch L, Schmidhammer H. [Pharmacodynamic effects of S-(+)-ketamine on EEG, evoked potentials and respiration. A study in the awake dog]. Anaesthesist 1992; 41:527-33. [PMID: 1416007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, only the racemic mixture of ketamine has been used in anaesthesia. Little is known of the central nervous effects of the pharmacologically more potent S(+)-isomer. Information in regard to the putative receptor site involved in the mediation of its anaesthetic/analgesic effect is particularly sparse. METHODS. In order to evaluate the anaesthetic and antinociceptive properties of S(+)-ketamine, a dose-response relationship of the compound on the EEG, somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP), and respiration was established. Increasing doses (2, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) were given to trained and awake dogs (n = 10) at 10-min intervals. In order to detect a possible opioid receptor-related interaction, an antagonist of the methoxymorphinane series (cyprodime 80 g/kg i.v.) with higher selectivity than naloxone for the mu-receptor was given at the end. RESULTS. Compared to controls, S(+)-ketamine induced a dose-related increase in output in the theta-(3-8 Hz) band and an increase in output in the alpha-domain (8-13 Hz) following 20 mg/kg. Both effects were reversed completely by the opioid antagonist. At low doses (2-5 mg/kg) there was an increase in output (P less than 0.05) in the beta-(13-30 Hz) and a concomitant decrease in output (P less than 0.05) in the delta-(0.5-3 Hz) band. These effects were reversed with increasing doses (5-10 mg/kg). After 20 mg/kg, however, output in the delta-domain increased while power in the beta band decreased significantly (P less than 0.005) when compared to controls. Both effects were reversed by the opioid antagonist. Compared to controls, the reversal resulted in a 12% increase in output in the beta- and a 49% decrease in output in the delta-domain. In SEP, S(+)-ketamine induced a dose-related increase in peak latency and depression of amplitude of more than 50% when compared to controls. While latency changes were completely reversed, amplitude height was only partly restored by the antagonist. Respiration was depressed in a dose-related fashion (PaO2 decreased, PaCO2 increased). Hypoxaemia was fully reversed by the antagonist; hypercapnia was only partly reversed. CONCLUSION. The results support the presumption that the S(+)-isomer of ketamine induces opioid mu-receptor-mediated central effects. Hypersynchronisation of the EEG suggests a deep plane of anaesthesia after S(+)-ketamine. The pronounced blockade of impulses in the sensory nervous pathways suggests an efficient analgesic effect that is partly mediated by the opioid-receptor. The respiratory depression may be of importance when S(+)-ketamine is used in high dosages in man.
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Schmidhammer H, Jennewein HK, Smith CF. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 14-alkoxymorphinans, V: 6-Deoxyocyprodime, an opioid antagonist with decreased mu receptor selectivity in comparison to cyprodime. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1991; 324:209-11. [PMID: 1650547 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19913240404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
N-Cyclopropylmethyl-4,14-dimethoxymorphinan (4) and N-cyclopropylmethyl-4-hydroxy-14-methoxymorphinan (5) have been prepared from cyprodime (1) by Wolff-Kishner reduction. Pharmacological studies (mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum preparations) revealed that there was no significant decrease of 4 in antagonist activity but in mu selectivity when compared with 1. The phenol 5 showed partial agonism at mu, kappa and delta receptors.
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Schmidhammer H, Smith CF, Dalkner E, Erlach D, Heuberger M, Rollinger JM. (-)-N,N'-but-2-ene-1,4-diylbimorphinans. DIE PHARMAZIE 1991; 46:101-2. [PMID: 1649476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-But-2-ene-1,4-diylbimorphinans 1-3 have been synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated. Bimorphinans 1 and 3 show opioid antagonist activity and preference for mu and kappa opioid receptors in mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum preparations.
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Schmidhammer H, Mayer-Valkanover K, Walla-Kugler M. 5-Methylnaioxone and 5-Methylnaltrexone: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation. Helv Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19900730722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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122
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Schmidhammer H, Schratz A, Mitterdorfer J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 14-Alkoxymorphinans. Part 8. 14-methoxymetopon, an extremely potent opioid agonist. Helv Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19900730623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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123
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Schmidhammer H, Ganglbauer E, Mitterdorfer J, Rollinger JM, Smith CFC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 14-alkoxymorphinans. Part 7. 14,14?-dimethoxy analogues of norbinaltorphimine: Synthesis and determination of their ? opioid antagonist selectivity. Helv Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19900730622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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124
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Schmidhammer H, Smith CF, Erlach D, Koch M, Krassnig R, Schwetz W, Wechner C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 14-alkoxymorphinans. 3. Extensive study on cyprodime-related compounds. J Med Chem 1990; 33:1200-6. [PMID: 2157011 DOI: 10.1021/jm00166a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyprodime-related compounds (2, 4-12, and 26) has been synthesized and evaluated for opioid agonist and antagonist activity with the mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum preparations. None of the changes to cyprodime, including the introduction of a 3-OMe group, increasing and decreasing the size of or completely removing the substituent in position 4, replacing the N-cyclopropylmethyl group with an N-allyl group, or replacing the 14-OMe with an 14-OEt substituent, resulted in an improved mu antagonist profile and most were detrimental either in terms of mu selectivity and potency or increased agonist activity. Increasing the length of the substituent in position 4 resulted in a compound (6a) with a very similar profile to that of cyprodime.
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Schmidhammer H, Trenker E, Burkard WP, Eggstein-Aeppli L, Hefti F, Holck MI. An opioid agonist with preference for kappa-opioid receptors: (-)-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan-6-one. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1990; 323:27-9. [PMID: 1970719 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19903230108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Cyclopropylmethyl- and N-cyclobutylmethylmorphinan-6-one (3 and 4, respectively) were prepared from N-methylmorphinan-6-one. The pharmacological studies showed 3 and 4 to be potent opioid agonists. Compound 3 was found to have preference for kappa rather than mu opioid receptors.
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