101
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Hayashi M, Otsuka M, Morimoto R, Hirota S, Yatsushiro S, Takeda J, Yamamoto A, Moriyama Y. Differentiation-associated Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter (DNPI) is a vesicular glutamate transporter in endocrine glutamatergic systems. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:43400-6. [PMID: 11551935 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106244200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporter is present in neuronal synaptic vesicles and endocrine synaptic-like microvesicles and is responsible for vesicular storage of L-glutamate. A brain-specific Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter (BNPI) functions as a vesicular glutamate transporter in synaptic vesicles, and the expression of this BNPI defines the glutamatergic phenotype in the central nervous system (Bellocchio, E. E., Reimer, R. J., Fremeau, R. T., Jr., and Edwards, R. H. (2000) Science 289, 957-960; Takamori, S., Rhee, J. S., Rosenmund, C., and Jahn, R. (2000) Nature 407, 189-194). However, since not all glutamatergic neurons contain BNPI, an additional transporter(s) responsible for vesicular glutamate uptake has been postulated. Here we report that differentiation-associated Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter (DNPI), an isoform of BNPI (Aihara, Y., Mashima, H., Onda, H., Hisano, S., Kasuya, H., Hori, T., Yamada, S., Tomura, H., Yamada, Y., Inoue, I., Kojima, I., and Takeda, J. (2000) J. Neurochem. 74, 2622-2625), also transports L-glutamate at the expense of an electrochemical gradient of protons established by the vacuolar proton pump when expressed in COS7 cells. Molecular, biological, and immunohistochemical studies have indicated that besides its presence in neuronal cells DNPI is preferentially expressed in mammalian pinealocytes, alphaTC6 cells, clonal pancreatic alpha cells, and alpha cells of Langerhans islets, these cells being proven to secrete L-glutamate through Ca(2+)-dependent regulated exocytosis followed by its vesicular storage. Pancreatic polypeptide-secreting F cells of Langerhans islets also expressed DNPI. These results constitute evidence that DNPI functions as another vesicular transporter in glutamatergic endocrine cells as well as in neurons.
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102
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Tsujino K, Hirota S, Demizu Y, Endo M, Obayashi K, Takada Y. DVH Analysis for Predicting Radiation Pneumonitis in Cases of Advanced Lung Cancer Treated with Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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103
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Fujita K, Nishimura K, Nonomura N, Hirota S, Okuyama A. Early stage small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Int J Urol 2001; 8:643-4. [PMID: 11903694 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 73-year-old man with primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder underwent radical cystectomy. The pathological findings revealed the tumor confined to the submucosal layer (pT1) without metastasis. No adjuvant chemotherapy was carried out. He is alive with no evidence of the disease 24 months after the operation.
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104
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Hirota S, Tsujino K, Endo M, Kotani Y, Satouchi M, Kado T, Hishikawa Y, Obayashi K, Takada Y, Kono M, Abe M. Dosimetric predictors of radiation esophagitis in patients treated for non-small-cell lung cancer with carboplatin/paclitaxel/radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 51:291-5. [PMID: 11567801 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish dosimetric predictors of radiation esophagitis (RE) in patients treated with a combination of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Three-dimensional radiotherapy plans of 26 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who received 50-60 Gy of radiotherapy concurrently with weekly administration of carboplatin (AUC 2) and paclitaxel (40-45 mg/m(2)) were reviewed in conjunction with RE. The factors analyzed included the following: percentages of organ volumes receiving >40 Gy (V40), >45 Gy (V45), >50 Gy (V50), and >55 Gy (V55); the length of esophagus (total circumference) treated with >40 Gy (LETT40), >45 Gy (LETT45), >50 Gy (LETT50), and >55 Gy (LETT55); the maximum dose in the esophagus (Dmax); and the mean dose in the esophagus (Dmean). Data were obtained on the basis of superposition algorithm. RESULTS All factors except Dmax showed statistical correlation with RE. Good correlations were shown between RE and LETT45 (rho = 0.714) and V45 (rho = 0.686). CONCLUSIONS LETT45 and V45 appear to be useful dosimetric predictors of RE. It is also suggested that Dmax does not predict RE.
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105
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Izaki K, Matsumoto S, Konishi J, Higashino T, Tsurusaki M, Fukuda T, Akasaka Y, Mori T, Sugimoto K, Fujii M, Sugimura K, Yoshikawa T, Hirota S, Hayashi Y. [Temporary placement of inferior vena cava filter prior to transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma with IVC tumor thrombus--prevention of pulmonary tumor emboli after TAE]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2001; 28:1708-11. [PMID: 11708015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A 66-year-old-man with a right huge hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) extending into both the right portal vein and the right atrium underwent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) via the right hepatic artery. Prior to the TAE, a temporary inferior vena cava (IVC) filter was placed suprarenally for prevention of pulmonary tumor emboli. When we replaced the temporary IVC filter with a new one 7 days after the TAE, the filter which was pulled out of the IVC captured a fragment of the tumor thrombus. A histopathological specimen demonstrated only ghost cells. The patient has been followed at our outpatient clinic without any tumor thrombus or pulmonary infarction for 13 months after this procedure.
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106
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Nagaoka I, Hirota S, Niyonsaba F, Hirata M, Adachi Y, Tamura H, Heumann D. Cathelicidin family of antibacterial peptides CAP18 and CAP11 inhibit the expression of TNF-alpha by blocking the binding of LPS to CD14(+) cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:3329-38. [PMID: 11544322 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.6.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian myeloid and epithelial cells express several kinds of antibacterial peptides (alpha-/beta-defensins and cathelicidins) that contribute to the innate host defense by killing invading micro-organisms. In this study we evaluated the LPS-neutralizing activities of cathelicidin peptides human CAP18 (cationic antibacterial proteins of 18 kDa) and guinea pig CAP11 using the CD14(+) murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the murine endotoxin shock model. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that CAP18 and CAP11 inhibited the binding of FITC-conjugated LPS to RAW264.7 cells. Likewise, Northern and Western blot analyses indicated that CAP18 and CAP11 suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expression by RAW264.7 cells. Interestingly, CAP18 and CAP11 possessed LPS-binding activities, and they strongly suppressed the interaction of LPS with LPS binding protein that mediates the transport of LPS to CD14 to facilitate the activation of CD14(+) cells by LPS. Moreover, when CAP18 and CAP11 were preincubated with RAW264.7 cells, they bound to the cell surface CD14 and inhibited the binding of FITC-LPS to the cells. Furthermore, in the murine endotoxin shock model, CAP18 or CAP11 administration inhibited the binding of LPS to CD14(+) cells (peritoneal macrophages) and suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha expression by these cells. Together these observations indicate that cathelicidin peptides CAP18 and CAP11 probably exert protective actions against endotoxin shock by blocking the binding of LPS to CD14(+) cells, thereby suppressing the production of cytokines by these cells via their potent binding activities for LPS and CD14.
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107
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Kodera M, Taniike Y, Itoh M, Tanahashi Y, Shimakoshi H, Kano K, Hirota S, Iijima S, Ohba M, Okawa H. Synthesis, characterization, and activation of thermally stable mu-1,2-peroxodiiron(III) complex. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:4821-2. [PMID: 11531426 DOI: 10.1021/ic0155434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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108
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Goodarzi G, Mashimo T, Watabe M, Cuthbert AP, Newbold RF, Pai SK, Hirota S, Hosobe S, Miura K, Bandyopadhyay S, Gross SC, Balaji KC, Watabe K. Identification of tumor metastasis suppressor region on the short arm of human chromosome 20. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 32:33-42. [PMID: 11477659 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of metastatic ability by prostate cancer cells is the hallmark of their lethal trait and outcome. However, the genetic alterations underlying the clinical progression and pathogenesis of prostate cancer are not well understood. Several studies involving loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and comparative genomic hybridization analysis have identified distinctively altered regions on various human chromosomes, and genomic imbalance of chromosome 20 was implicated in progression and recurrence of prostate tumors. To examine the role of chromosome 20 in prostate neoplasms, we introduced this chromosome into highly metastatic rat prostate cancer cells using the microcell-mediated chromosome transfer technique. Introduction of the chromosome resulted in significant suppression of the metastatic ability of the hybrid cells, by as much as 98%, without any interference with the in vivo growth rate or tumorigenicity of primary tumor in SCID mice. Our STS-PCR analysis on 10 hybrid clones indicates that the suppressor activity of chromosome 20 is located in the p11.23-12 region. Further examination of the hybrid clones by experimental metastasis assay and histologic analysis as well as Matrigel invasion assay suggests the involvement of the suppressor region at an early stage of invasion and extravasation. We also investigated the status of the chromosome 20 suppressor region in pathology specimens from human prostate cancer patients and detected the frequent loss of this region in high-grade tumors. These results suggest the presence of a putative suppressor gene on human chromosome 20 that is functionally involved in development of prostate cancer metastases.
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109
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Kawahara K, Niguma T, Yoshino T, Omonishi K, Hatakeyama S, Nakamura S, Hirota S, Motoi M. Gastric carcinoma with psammomatous calcification after Billroth II reconstruction: case report and literature review. Pathol Int 2001; 51:718-22. [PMID: 11696176 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A case of gastric carcinoma with psammomatous calcification arising in the remnant stomach after Billroth II reconstruction is reported. Borrmann type 1 gastric carcinoma was detected in the remnant stomach of an 82-year-old woman, who had a past history of distal partial gastrectomy for a perforated gastric ulcer, with Billroth II reconstruction at 40 years of age. Histologically, the tumor was a tubular adenocarcinoma that invaded the muscularis propria. Numerous psammoma bodies were found in the lumens of the tumor glands. Dystrophic calcification of gastric cancer is rare and psammomatous calcification of gastric cancer has only been reported in five cases previously. To our knowledge, this is the first case of gastric carcinoma with psammomatous calcification arising in the remnant stomach. We also review previously published reports regarding gastric carcinoma with psammomatous calcification.
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110
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Kodera M, Kita T, Miura I, Nakayama N, Kawata T, Kano K, Hirota S. Hydroperoxo--copper(II) complex stabilized by N(S)s-type ligand having a phenyl thioether. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7715-6. [PMID: 11481001 DOI: 10.1021/ja010689n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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111
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Miyagawa S, Hirota S, Park YD, Yamasaki M, Daikoku N, Morikawa H, Yoshioka A, Kitamura Y, Ichijima K. Cutaneous mastocytosis associated with a mixed germ cell tumour of the ovary: report of a case and review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145:309-12. [PMID: 11531799 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 10-year-old girl with a mixed germ cell tumour of the ovary, treated by surgery and chemotherapy, developed cutaneous mastocytosis approximately 8 months after starting chemotherapy. This is the sixth report of a germ cell tumour associated with mastocytosis. c-kit receptor point mutations, including Asp816Val and Val560Gly were absent in a biopsy specimen obtained from lesional skin.
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112
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Okubo K, Yuki T, Satou T, Ishida K, Seno S, Matsunaga K, Nomura M, Uchimi K, Suzuki T, Hirasawa D, Noda Y, Fujita N, Sawai T, Uzuki M, Hirota S. [Pedunculated GIST of the stomach showing extragastric growth; report of a case]. NIHON SHOKAKIBYO GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY 2001; 98:822-6. [PMID: 11510084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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113
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Kitamura Y, Hirota S, Nishida T. A loss-of-function mutation of c-kit results in depletion of mast cells and interstitial cells of Cajal, while its gain-of-function mutation results in their oncogenesis. Mutat Res 2001; 477:165-71. [PMID: 11376697 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(01)00117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of the c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) result in depletion of mast cells and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). In contrast, gain-of-function mutations of KIT induce neoplasms of mast cells and ICCs. In humans, the sites of mutations are different between mast cell neoplasms and those of ICCs. The former were found in the juxtamembrane domain between the transmembrane and tyrosine kinase domains, and the latter in the tyrosine kinase domain. Moreover, the mechanism of constitutive activation is different. Point mutations and/or deletions in the juxtamembrane domain induced the KIT dimerization, and the dimerized KIT was activated. A point mutation at the particular aspartic acid in the tyrosine kinase domain induced spontaneous activation without forming dimers. Mutations of the c-kit gene are a good model for understanding the relationship between mutations and diseases in both humans and mice.
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114
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Tsukamoto Y, Matsuo N, Ozawa K, Hori O, Higashi T, Nishizaki J, Tohnai N, Nagata I, Kawano K, Yutani C, Hirota S, Kitamura Y, Stern DM, Ogawa S. Expression of a novel RNA-splicing factor, RA301/Tra2beta, in vascular lesions and its role in smooth muscle cell proliferation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 158:1685-94. [PMID: 11337366 PMCID: PMC1891943 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RA301/Tra2beta, a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein, was first cloned as a stress molecule in re-oxygenated astrocytes. In human vascular tissues, we have found enhanced RA301/Tra2beta expression in coronary artery with intimal thickening, and atherosclerotic aorta. Balloon injury to the rat carotid artery induced RA301/Tra2beta transcripts followed by expression of the antigen, which was detected in medial and neointimal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In cultured VSMCs, hypoxia/re-oxygenation caused induction of RA301/Tra2beta and was accompanied by cell proliferation, both of which were blocked by the addition of either diphenyl iodonium, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, or antisense oligonucleotide for RA301/Tra2beta. Consistent with a link between RA301/Tra2beta and cell proliferation, platelet-derived growth factor also induced expression of RA301/Tra2beta in cultured VSMCS: These data suggest a possible role for RA301/Tra2beta in the regulation of VSMC proliferation, especially in the setting of hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced cell stress.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Division/physiology
- DNA, Antisense/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Onium Compounds/pharmacology
- Oxygen/pharmacology
- RNA Splicing
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors
- Superoxides/metabolism
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115
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Hirota S, Nishida T, Isozaki K, Taniguchi M, Nakamura J, Okazaki T, Kitamura Y. Gain-of-function mutation at the extracellular domain of KIT in gastrointestinal stromal tumours. J Pathol 2001. [PMID: 11276010 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::aid-path818>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the human gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies of GISTs found gain-of-function mutations of the c-kit gene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT). All the mutations were confined to exon 11, which encodes the juxtamembrane domain. By further examination of the whole coding region of c-kit complementary DNA in 35 GISTs, two were found to show the identical mutation at exon 9, which encodes the extracellular domain. The aims of the present study were to examine the frequency of the extracellular domain mutation and to determine whether the mutation is a gain-of-function type or not. Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues of 133 GISTs and exon 9 of the c-kit gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Screening of the mutation was carried out by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing was done. Mutant c-kit cDNA was transfected into 293T human embryonic kidney cells and the magnitude of autophosphorylation of the mutant KIT was examined with or without the ligand of KIT, stem cell factor (SCF). In total, seven GIST cases (approximately 5%) were found with the identical mutation at exon 9. The mutant KIT exhibited constitutive autophosphorylation without SCF stimulation. The prognosis of the patients with the extracellular domain mutation was comparable to that of the patients with the juxtamembrane domain mutation.
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116
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Nakamura H, Hirota S, Adachi S, Ozaki K, Asada H, Kitamura Y. Clonal nature of seborrheic keratosis demonstrated by using the polymorphism of the human androgen receptor locus as a marker. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 116:506-10. [PMID: 11286615 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the clonality of seborrheic keratoses using a polymorphism due to the random inactivation of one of two X chromosomes in females. Thirty-eight seborrheic keratoses obtained from the skin of females with polymorphism of the human androgen receptor (HUMARA) locus were examined by a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction procedure, which allowed accurate measurement of the peak intensities of each HUMARA allele. The epithelial portion of seborrheic keratosis and normal control epidermis adjacent to the seborrheic keratosis were removed by laser capture microdissection. As biopsied specimens of seborrheic keratoses contained small amounts of normal epidermis, the effect of digestion by a restriction enzyme (HhaI) recognizing the nonmethylated active sites was compared between seborrheic keratoses and normal control epidermis in only five seborrheic keratosis cases. Disappearance or significant reduction in intensity of one of two HUMARA alleles was observed after HhaI digestion in seborrheic keratoses, but not in the normal control epidermis. Although the skewing of the polymorphism was not corrected by the normal control epidermis in the remaining 33 seborrheic keratosis cases, one of two HUMARA peaks practically disappeared after HhaI digestion in 20 of 33 seborrheic keratosis cases. In total, 25 of 38 seborrheic keratoses were considered to be monoclonal. The histologic type of seborrheic keratoses did not affect clonality.
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117
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Hirota S, Nishida T, Isozaki K, Taniguchi M, Nakamura J, Okazaki T, Kitamura Y. Gain-of-function mutation at the extracellular domain of KIT in gastrointestinal stromal tumours. J Pathol 2001; 193:505-10. [PMID: 11276010 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::aid-path818>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the human gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies of GISTs found gain-of-function mutations of the c-kit gene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT). All the mutations were confined to exon 11, which encodes the juxtamembrane domain. By further examination of the whole coding region of c-kit complementary DNA in 35 GISTs, two were found to show the identical mutation at exon 9, which encodes the extracellular domain. The aims of the present study were to examine the frequency of the extracellular domain mutation and to determine whether the mutation is a gain-of-function type or not. Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues of 133 GISTs and exon 9 of the c-kit gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Screening of the mutation was carried out by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing was done. Mutant c-kit cDNA was transfected into 293T human embryonic kidney cells and the magnitude of autophosphorylation of the mutant KIT was examined with or without the ligand of KIT, stem cell factor (SCF). In total, seven GIST cases (approximately 5%) were found with the identical mutation at exon 9. The mutant KIT exhibited constitutive autophosphorylation without SCF stimulation. The prognosis of the patients with the extracellular domain mutation was comparable to that of the patients with the juxtamembrane domain mutation.
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118
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Yamada K, Soejima T, Sugimoto K, Mayahara H, Izaki K, Sasaki R, Maruta T, Matsumoto S, Hirota S, Sugimura K. Pilot study of local radiotherapy for portal vein tumor thrombus in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2001; 31:147-52. [PMID: 11386460 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hye029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) generally have a poor prognosis. We therefore conducted a prospective pilot trial of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and local radiotherapy (RT) for PVTT in unresectable HCC. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of this preliminary trial regime and to explore RT guidelines for cirrhosis. METHODS Eight patients with unresectable HCC accompanied by first branch PVTT were entered into the study from February 1998 to December 1999. TACE was performed using Lipiodol, epirubicin hydrochloride and mytomycin followed by gelatin sponge cubes. RT was started 10-14 days following TACE. A total delivered dose of 60 Gy was given as daily 2 Gy fractions, with the clinical target volume defined as PVTT only. We observed a relationship between deterioration of liver function and the percent volume of the total liver receiving a dose exceeding 30 Gy (V30). RESULTS An objective response was observed in three of the eight patients. However, on follow-up angiograms the protrusion of PVTT into the main portal trunk was decreased in all cases. Deterioration of liver function was observed in all patients with V30 >40%. CONCLUSION It is possible that this combined therapy prevents PVTT from spreading to the main trunk and that indicates a further benefit of TACE. Our results indicate that V30 constitutes a predictive test for the development of liver failure. More detailed evaluations of liver function and determination of the safe irradiation volume are necessary.
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119
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Hirota S, Kishi M, Yamauchi O, Wang YH, Huang ZX. Carbon monoxide complex of cytochrome b(5) at acidic pH. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:351-5. [PMID: 11264014 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CO complex of cyt b(5) generated at acidic pH is investigated by absorption, resonance Raman (RR), and far UV CD measurements. The Soret maximum wavelength blue-shifted to 420 nm with other absorption bands observed around 540 and 570 nm for reduced cyt b(5) upon interaction with CO at acidic pH (pH 3.1-3.5). Under this condition, the iron-carbon stretching RR band was observed at 529 cm(-1) (520 cm(-1) for C(18)O), which indicated formation of a heme&bond;CO adduct with a histidine as an axial ligand. Heme dissociated from the reduced cyt b(5) protein at pH approximately 3.5, whereas its rate decreased under CO atmosphere compared with N(2) atmosphere, due to formation of a heme&bond;CO adduct with a histidine as an axial ligand.
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120
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Hashimoto N, Myoui A, Araki N, Asai T, Sonobe H, Hirota S, Yoshikawa H. Detection of SYT-SSX fusion gene in peripheral blood from a patient with synovial sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25:406-10. [PMID: 11224613 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200103000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a case involving a 22-year-old pregnant woman with synovial sarcoma in the thigh. The patient recognized an elastic hard mass accompanied by a dull pain in the anteromedial portion of the right thigh. Magnetic resonance imaging delineated a deep soft-tissue mass measuring 9 x 7 x 6 cm. Histologic diagnosis of poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma was made based the results of an open biopsy. In this patient, the SYT-SSX fusion gene transcript was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the peripheral blood collected before biopsy. Two months after wide local resection of the tumor, multiple lung metastases developed. This is the first reported case in which tumor cells were detected by nested PCR in the peripheral blood of a patient with synovial sarcoma. These findings suggest that circulating tumor cells should be monitored because they may serve as a prognostic indicator for synovial sarcoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/blood
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic
- Pregnancy Outcome
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Synovial/blood
- Sarcoma, Synovial/genetics
- Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology
- Sarcoma, Synovial/therapy
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/blood
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/therapy
- Treatment Outcome
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Hirota S, Tsujino K, Hishikawa Y, Watanabe H, Kono K, Soejima T, Obayashi K, Takada Y, Kono M, Abe M. Endoscopic findings of radiation esophagitis in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for intrathoracic malignancies. Radiother Oncol 2001; 58:273-8. [PMID: 11230888 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(00)00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The incidence and extent of radiation esophagitis were assessed endoscopically in patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-two patients who received thoracic radiotherapy for lung, thymic, or esophageal cancer were investigated endoscopically from July 1991 to the end of 1997. Among them, 23 esophageal cancer patients were treated with radiation alone, and the others were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Esophageal endoscopy was performed during or just after radiotherapy. The presence of radiation esophagitis was assessed and assigned an endoscopic score (i.e. grade 0 for normal, 1 for erythema, 2 for erosion or sloughing, 3 for ulcer, hemorrhage, or stricture). The symptomatic grade was assessed using the RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) acute radiation morbidity score. RESULTS A correlation was seen between endoscopic and RTOG scores. However, even some patients with RTOG grade 0 to 1 had endoscopic grade 3 esophagitis. Endoscopic grade 3 was observed in 16 (27.1%) patients in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group, whereas it did not occur in any patient in the radiation alone group (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that (1) RTOG score correlates closely to esophageal mucosal damage, and (2) more severe esophagitis occurs in those undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy than those undergoing radiotherapy alone [corrected].
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Fukuda T, Hirota S, Sugimura K. Long-term results of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for the treatment of gastric varices and hepatic encephalopathy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001; 12:327-36. [PMID: 11287510 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term results of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) for the treatment of gastric varices (GV) and hepatic encephalopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 43 patients who had undergone B-RTO were evaluated, 32 with GV, two with hepatic encephalopathy, and nine with both. All but one had been consecutively followed up with gastrointestinal endoscopy for more than 1 year (3-60 months; mean, 30.44 months). Collateral veins of gastric varices were graded using balloon-occluded retrograde left adrenal venography. The relation of both worsening of esophageal varices (EV) and improved Child-Pugh score after B-RTO to the grades of collateral vein development was analyzed. The relapse-free survival and the prognostic factors for survival after B-RTO were also assessed. RESULTS GV disappeared or decreased markedly in size, and hepatic encephalopathy was completely cured in all patients. Improvement in Child-Pugh score was observed in 21 patient (50.0%) 6 months after B-RTO, but in only 11 patients (25.6%) 1 year after B-RTO. Worsening of EV was seen in eight patients and was related to a worsened grade of collateral veins. Cumulative relapse-free survival rate was 90.8% at 1 year and 87.4% at 3 years after B-RTO. The most significant prognostic factor was Child-Pugh classification (relative risk: 4.16) CONCLUSION B-RTO is a safe and effective treatment for patients with GV and hepatic encephalopathy. The most important prognostic factors are the extent of Child-Pugh classification.
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, we found that GISTs expressed KIT, a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the protooncogene c-kit. We propose that GISTs may originate from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), which are considered to be pacemaker cells for the autonomous movement of the gastrointestinal tract. There are major two reasons for this proposal: one is that both GISTs and ICCs are double-positive for KIT and CD34, and the other is that multiple GISTs appear to develop from diffuse ICC hyperplasia in germline mutations of the c-kit gene. Because somatic gain-of-function mutations of the c-kit gene are observed in solitary GISTs, and because the germline gain-of-function mutations of the c-kit gene are observed in familial and multiple GISTs, the gain-of function mutations of the c-kit gene are considered to be a cause of the development of GISTs.
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Fukuda T, Hirota S, Matsumoto S, Yoshikawa T, Motohara T, Nishida Y, Sugimura K. Periodic endoscopic observation of postoperative esophageal stricture due to excessive tissue hyperproliferation after stent placement. Gastrointest Endosc 2001; 53:111-4. [PMID: 11154505 DOI: 10.1067/mge.2001.110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kawai Y, Morimoto S, Sakaguchi K, Yoshino H, Yotsui T, Hirota S, Inohara H, Nakagawa T, Hattori K, Kubo T, Yang J, Fujiwara N, Ogihara T. Oncogenic osteomalacia secondary to nasal tumor with decreased urinary excretion of cAMP. J Bone Miner Metab 2001; 19:61-4. [PMID: 11156476 DOI: 10.1007/s007740170062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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