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Shukla A, Mandal K, Patil SJ, Kishore Y, Phadke SR, Girisha KM. Co-occurrence of a de novo Williams and 22q11.2 microdeletion syndromes. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:1927-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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102
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Muthuswamy S, Bhalla P, Agarwal S, Phadke SR. Performance of QF-PCR in targeted prenatal aneuploidy diagnosis: Indian scenario. Gene 2015; 562:55-61. [PMID: 25724394 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among the rapid aneuploidy detection methods, QF-PCR has now become an alternative tool for prenatal aneuploidy diagnosis concomitant with karyotyping. This method has been validated in many of the western clinics but in India no study was conducted to assess its utility as standalone procedure. The study was designed to answer the question whether QF-PCR can be implemented as a standalone diagnostic method for rapid aneuploidy diagnosis in our present clinical setup? MATERIALS AND METHODS Study was conducted during March 2012 to August 2014 consisting of 270 prenatal samples that underwent for aneuploidy diagnosis. In addition to karyotyping, QF-PCR was also performed on these samples and the results were compared. RESULTS Of 270 samples screened, 262 samples showed euploid genome (125 normal male and 137 normal female). Eight samples were consistent with aneuploidy--four trisomy 21 male sample, 2 trisomy 21 female sample, 1 trisomy 18 samples and 1 Klinefelter sample. The specificity, sensitivity, positive prediction value and negative prediction values were 100% while false positive rate and false negative rate were 0%. CONCLUSION Outcome of this study strongly suggests that QF-PCR can be used as standalone procedure for targeted rapid aneuploidy diagnosis.
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Agrawal D, Prakash S, Misra MK, Phadke SR, Agrawal S. Implication of HLA-G 5′ upstream regulatory region polymorphisms in idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortions. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 30:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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104
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Sharma N, Awasthi S, Phadke SR. A Mutagenic Primer Assay for Genotyping of the CRHR1 Gene Rare Variant rs1876828 (A/G) in Asians: A Cost-Effective SNP Typing. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 30:169-74. [PMID: 25546060 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, the genetic and genomic research entered in a new era of high-throughput genotyping technology. However, mutagenic polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) is still a choice of genotyping method in molecular epidemiological research. It has been extensively used for the detection of risk alleles, if the target SNP has no natural discriminating restriction site. We undertook this study to develop a mutagenic primer assay for a CRHR1 rare gene variant: rs1876828 (A/G) and to determine their allele frequency in north Indian children. METHODS The mutagenic primers were designed and assay conditions were optimized to perform mutagenic PCR-RFLP in 550 subjects. The efficiency of assay and results were validated by sequencing. RESULTS This study demonstrated that the mutagenic primer assay is feasible and applicable to discriminate CRHR1 gene rare variant rs1876828 (A/G) and the "frequency of allele "G" was 100% in north Indian asthmatics as well as normal subjects. CONCLUSION This method can be used for both large- and small-scale study of complex genetic, where CRHR1 gene plays the pivotal roles.
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Siddesh A, Parveen F, Misra MK, Phadke SR, Agrawal S. Platelet-specific collagen receptor glycoprotein VI gene variants affect recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:1078-1084.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bidchol AM, Dalal A, Shah H, S S, Nampoothiri S, Kabra M, Gupta N, Danda S, Gowrishankar K, Phadke SR, Kapoor S, Kamate M, Verma IC, Puri RD, Sankar VH, Devi ARR, Patil SJ, Ranganath P, Jain SJMN, Agarwal M, Singh A, Mishra P, Tamhankar PM, Gopinath PM, Nagarajaram HA, Satyamoorthy K, Girisha KM. GALNS mutations in Indian patients with mucopolysaccharidosis IVA. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2793-801. [PMID: 25252036 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IV A (Morquio syndrome A, MPS IVA) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS). The mutation spectrum in this condition is yet to be determined in Indians. We aimed to analyze the mutations in the GALNS gene in Asian Indians with MPS IVA. All the exons and the adjacent intronic regions of the gene were amplified and sequenced in sixty-eight unrelated Indian families. We identified 136 mutant alleles comprising of 40 different mutations. We report twenty-two novel mutations that comprise of seventeen missense (p.Asn32Thr, p.Leu36Arg, p.Pro52Leu, p.Pro77Ser, p.Cys79Arg, p.His142Pro, p.Tyr191Asp, p.Asn204Thr, p.Gly188Ser, p.Phe216Ser, p.Trp230Cys, p.Ala291Ser, p.Gly317Arg, p.His329Pro, p.Arg386Ser, p.Glu450Gly, p.Cys501Ser), three splice-site variants (c.120+1G>C, c.1003-3C>G, c.1139+1G>A), one nonsense mutation (p.Gln414*) and one frameshift mutation (p.Pro420Leufs*440). Eighteen mutations have been reported earlier. Among these p.Ser287Leu (8.82%), p.Phe216Ser (7.35%), p.Asn32Thr (6.61%) and p.Ala291Ser (5.88%) were the most frequent mutations in Indian patients but were rare in the mutational profiles reported in other populations. These results indicate that the Indian patients may have a distinct mutation spectrum compared to those of other populations. Mutant alleles in exon 1, 7 and 8 accounted for 44.8% of the mutations, and sequencing of these exons initially may be a cost-effective approach in Asian Indian patients. This is the largest study on molecular analysis of patients with MPS IVA reported in the literature, and the first report from India.
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Patil SJ, Rai GK, Bhat V, Ramesh VA, Nagarajaram HA, Matalia J, Phadke SR. Distal arthrogryposis type 5D with a novel ECEL1 gene mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2857-62. [PMID: 25099528 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Distal arthrogryposis syndromes (DAs) show wide clinical variability and overlapping clinical findings with the other DAs classified by Bamshad et al. [1996]. Most of the DAs are inherited as autosomal dominant disorders. DA type 5D is a subtype of DA type 5 inherited as autosomal recessive disorder, clinically characterized by congenital distal joint contractures, knee extension contractures, congenital hip dislocation, club foot, ptosis and other eye findings, furrowed tongue, and scoliosis. Here, we report on a family with clinical features of DA type 5D with novel mutations in the ECEL1 gene.
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Gupta D, Gupta V, Singh V, Chawla S, Parveen F, Agrawal S, Phadke SR. Study of Polymorphisms in CX3CR1, PLEKHA1 and VEGF Genes as Risk Factors for Age-related Macular Degeneration in Indian Patients. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:489-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nandagopalan RS, Phadke SR, Dalal AB, Ranganath P. Novel mutations in PRG4 gene in two Indian families with camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome. Indian J Med Res 2014; 140:221-6. [PMID: 25297354 PMCID: PMC4216495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Camptodactyly--arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the PRG4 (proteoglycan 4) gene. Hallmarks of the syndrome include congenital or early-onset camptodactyly and arthropathy with synovial hyperplasia, progressive coxa vara deformity and non-inflammatory pericardial effusions. Till date only around 25 pathogenic mutations have been reported in this gene and none have been reported from India. We report here the mutations in the PRG4 gene in three patients of CACP from two unrelated families from India. METHODS Molecular genetic studies were done for the three patients with the CACP syndrome, from two unrelated Indian families, through sequence analysis of all coding exons and the exon-intron boundaries of the PRG4 gene. RESULTS Two novel frame-shift deletion mutations leading to premature protein termination were found. One patient was identified to be homozygous for a 2 base pair deletion in exon 6 (c.2645_2646delGA) and the two affected siblings from the other family were found to be homozygous for a 4 base pair deletion in exon 6 (c.2883_2886delAAGA). CONCLUSIONS This is perhaps the first report of PRG4 mutations from India. Further mutation studies in Indian CACP cases will help to determine the mutation spectrum of the PRG4 gene in the Indian population and also help to further elucidate the molecular pathology and the genotype-phenotype correlation of this rare disease.
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Sharma N, Jaiswal I, Mandal RK, Phadke SR, Awasthi S. Genetic variation of TBX21 gene increases risk of asthma and its severity in Indian children. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:437-43. [PMID: 25056814 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T-box transcription factor protein (TBX21) is encoded by the TBX21 gene in human. It is crucial for naive T lymphocyte development, interferon-γ production, airway hyperresponsiveness and regulation of corticosteroid response in asthmatics. Polymorphisms rs4794067 and rs16947078 of TBX21 were found to be associated with acetylsalicylic acid-induced and allergic asthma, respectively. We examined whether sequence variants of TBX21 gene are associated with asthma and its severity in Indian population. In a hospital-based case-control study, 240 asthmatic children and 240 healthy controls were investigated for the association of TBX21 rs4794067 (C>T) and rs16947078 (G>A) polymorphisms with asthma and its severity using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Heterozygous (CT) (odds ratio (OR)=2.33; P=0.001) and variant (TT) (OR=6.25; P=0.001) genotypes of rs4794067 were demonstrated significant risk of asthma. However, in asthma severity variant (TT) genotype revealed significant increase risk (intermittent: OR=5.9, P=0.001; mild: OR=8.0, P=0.001; moderate: OR=3.2, P=0.041; and severe: OR=43.6, P=0.001) in all subgroups. Furthermore, haplotypes TG (OR=2.83; P=0.001) and TA (OR=2.54; P=0.001) of TBX21 were associated with an increased risk of asthma. Conversely, rs16947078 G>A polymorphism was not associated with any asthma/asthma severity risk. These data suggest that TBX21 gene variation may modify individual's susceptibility to asthma and its severity in Indian population. However, further validation in large population-based studies is needed to confirm the finding.
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Shukla A, Taywade O, Stephen J, Gupta D, Phadke SR. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: three Indian patients with mutation in the ACVR1 gene. Indian J Pediatr 2014; 81:617-9. [PMID: 23918320 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-013-1117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by ectopic bone formation involving the connective tissues leading to severe skeletal manifestations. The genetic defect in this disorder has not been characterized in Indian patients till date. The authors report three cases of FOP along with the molecular defects identified in them. Exon 4 of the ACVR1 gene was amplified and analysed by sequencing. All three cases revealed common heterozygous mutation i.e., c.617(G>A). Identification of this mutation would lead to decrease in misdiagnosis and subsequent iatrogenic harm caused to these children by unnecessary surgical procedures. Also, mutation detection would provide an opportunity for prenatal diagnosis.
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Stephen J, Shukla A, Dalal A, Girisha KM, Shah H, Gupta N, Kabra M, Dabadghao P, Hasegawa K, Tanaka H, Phadke SR. Mutation spectrum of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes in Indian patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1482-9. [PMID: 24668929 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a condition of decreased bone density with heterogeneous etiologies. Most of the cases are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and are caused by mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes. Since these two genes are very large, there are no data about mutations in Indian patients with OI. We selected 35 Indian patients who were clinically diagnosed with OI and all exons of both the genes were sequenced. Mutations in COL1A1 (14 cases, 6 novel) and COL1A2 (11 cases, 7 novel) were identified in 25 patients. A total of 55 polymorphisms were identified in both the genes with eight novel variants in the coding region, and nine novel variants in the non-coding regions. No mutation was detected in 10 patients. Six of them were from consanguineous families, with one or two similarly affected siblings suggesting possible autosomal recessive inheritance. If we exclude families with consanguinity, mutations were identified in 25 out of 29 families giving 86% mutation detection rate. Mutations in COL1A1 accounted for 56% of the cases and COL1A2 44%, which is similar to the reported rate worldwide.
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113
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Girisha KM, Abdollahpour H, Shah H, Bhavani GS, Graham JM, Boggula VR, Phadke SR, Kutsche K. A syndrome of facial dysmorphism, cubital pterygium, short distal phalanges, swan neck deformity of fingers, and scoliosis. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1035-40. [PMID: 24458843 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report on an adolescent girl with sparse scalp hair, wide columella extending below alae nasi, webbing at elbows, broad finger tips, short distal phalanx of fingers, swan neck deformity of fingers, scoliosis, tall vertebrae, short fibulae, short fourth metatarsal bone, abnormal distal humeri, and unilateral clubfoot at birth. The combination of these features represents a novel phenotype. We sequenced the protein-coding regions of the FLNA and FLNB genes and did not observe any pathogenic sequence variation. Chromosomal microarray revealed a de novo copy number variation of uncertain clinical significance on 7p22.3.
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Kumar A, Agarwal S, Phadke SR, Pradhan S. Application of a reliable and rapid polymerase chain reaction based method in the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) in India. Meta Gene 2014; 2:106-13. [PMID: 25606394 PMCID: PMC4287798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DM1 is caused by CTG repeat expansion in the 3′-UTR of the DMPK gene. DM1 patients have expansions of greater than 50 repeats and up to many thousands. The intention of the present study is the establishment of reliable and rapid polymerase chain reaction methodology in early screening of DM1 patients and their family members. PCR followed by TP-PCR was assessed for screening of 27 cases (from 26 families) and 75 family members and 300 control samples. All patients had CTG repeat expansion while forty seven (63%) and twenty eight (37%), out of seventy five family members were heterozygous and homozygous respectively. Similarly, two hundred thirty (76.77%) and seventy (23.33%), out of three hundred control subjects were heterozygous and homozygous respectively and the number of repeats varied from 5 to 35. Thirteen complete family screenings were done. Thus, TP-PCR is a reliable and rapid molecular technique for the detection of CTG repeat expansion in DM1.
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115
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Uttarilli A, Jain SJ, Dalal AB, Ranganath P, Phadke SR, Kumar G, Sankar N, Patil SJ, Kabra M, Danda S. Molecular analysis of mucopolysaccharidoses: identification and characterization of pathogenic mutations in Indian population. Mol Cytogenet 2014. [PMCID: PMC4043655 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-s1-p60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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116
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Divya M, Jain SJ, Phadke SR, Kishore R, Kamate M, Gupta N, Dalal A. Protein structure prediction for novel mutations in Arylsulfatase-A gene. Mol Cytogenet 2014. [PMCID: PMC4044138 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-s1-p62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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117
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Pathak A, Agarwal D, Phadke SR. Microarray based global transcriptome profiling reveals involvement of non-Hsa21 genes and microRNAs in molecular mechanism of Down syndrome pathogenesis. Mol Cytogenet 2014. [PMCID: PMC4045161 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-s1-p132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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118
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Boggula VR, Shukla A, Danda S, Hariharan SV, Nampoothiri S, Kumar R, Phadke SR. Clinical utility of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique in identification of aetiology of unexplained mental retardation: a study in 203 Indian patients. Indian J Med Res 2014; 139:66-75. [PMID: 24604040 PMCID: PMC3994742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Developmental delay (DD)/mental retardation also described as intellectual disability (ID), is seen in 1-3 per cent of general population. Diagnosis continues to be a challenge at clinical level. With the advancement of new molecular cytogenetic techniques such as cytogenetic microarray (CMA), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) techniques, many microdeletion/microduplication syndromes with DD/ID are now delineated. MLPA technique can probe 40-50 genomic regions in a single reaction and is being used for evaluation of cases with DD/ID. In this study we evaluated the clinical utility of MLPA techniques with different probe sets to identify the aetiology of unexplained mental retardation in patients with ID/DD. METHODS A total of 203 randomly selected DD/ID cases with/without malformations were studied. MLPA probe sets for subtelomeric regions (P070/P036) and common microdeletions/microduplications (P245-A2) and X-chromosome (P106) were used. Positive cases with MLPA technique were confirmed using either fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or follow up confirmatory MLPA probe sets. RESULTS The overall detection rate was found to be 9.3 per cent (19 out of 203). The detection rates were 6.9 and 7.4 per cent for common microdeletion/microduplication and subtelomeric probe sets, respectively. No abnormality was detected with probe set for X-linked ID. The subtelomeric abnormalities detected included deletions of 1p36.33, 4p, 5p, 9p, 9q, 13q telomeric regions and duplication of 9pter. The deletions/duplications detected in non telomeric regions include regions for Prader Willi/Angelman regions, Williams syndrome, Smith Magenis syndrome and Velocardiofacial syndrome. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the use of P245-A2 and P070/P036-E1 probes gives good diagnostic yield. Though MLPA cannot probe the whole genome like cytogenetic microarray, due to its ease and relative low cost it is an important technique for evaluation of cases with DD/ID.
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Agarwal M, Gupta R, Boggula VR, Phadke SR. Utility of chromosomal microarray in five cases with cytogenetic abnormalities detected by traditional karyotype. Clin Genet 2013; 84:600-2. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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120
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Gupta R, Agarwal M, Boqqula VR, Phadke RV, Phadke SR. Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome with 1q44 microdeletion: Causal or chance association. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:186-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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121
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Singh S, Kumar A, Agarwal S, Phadke SR, Jaiswal Y. Genetic insight of schizophrenia: past and future perspectives. Gene 2013; 535:97-100. [PMID: 24140491 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) has a heritability of about 80%, and the search for the genetic basis of this disease has been frustrating. Because schizophrenia has no distinguishing pathology or diagnostic criteria, it is difficult to relate gene changes to discrete physiological or biochemical changes associated with the disease. Schizophrenia fits the profile of a complex disorder in which multiple genes interact along with environmental influences to produce a range of phenotypes. There is accumulating evidence that both common genetic variants with small effects and rare genetic lesions with large effects determine risk of SCZ. As recently shown, thousands of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), each with small effect, cumulatively could explain about 30% of the underlying genetic risk of SCZ. The ability of positional genetics to implicate novel genes and pathways will open up new vistas for neurobiological research, and all the signs are that genetic research is poised to deliver crucial insights into the nature of schizophrenia. In this review, we outline a general theoretical background of genetic mechanisms involved in SCZ.
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Sharma N, Dixit P, Awasthi S, Phadke SR. Genetic variations of the FCER2 gene and asthma susceptibility in north Indian children: a case-control study. Biomarkers 2013; 18:660-7. [PMID: 24102092 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2013.840802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The findings showed that the low-affinity IgE receptor plays a pivotal role in allergic immune response and it is a pharmacogenetic predictor in asthma disease. This study aims to investigate the association of genetic variations: rs28364072 and rs7249320 with asthma and its severity in north Indian children. METHODS Case-control-based genetic association study was performed among 550 children. RESULTS Statistical analysis demonstrated significant association between asthma and genotypes frequency of both the SNPs. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the studied variations are strongly associated with asthma susceptibility and might be risk factor among north Indian asthmatic children.
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Goel H, Girisha KM, Phadke SR. Long-term efficacy of oral deferiprone in management of iron overload in beta thalassemia major. Hematology 2013; 13:77-82. [DOI: 10.1179/102453308x315924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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124
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Singh K, Kumar R, Shukla A, Phadke SR, Agarwal S. Status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and effect of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density in thalassemia patients of North India. Hematology 2013; 17:291-6. [DOI: 10.1179/1607845412y.0000000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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125
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Aggarwal S, Phadke SR. Recurrence of urorectal septum malformation sequence spectrum anomalies in siblings: time to explore the genetics. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1718-21. [PMID: 23686839 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSM) is a pattern of malformation which encompasses abnormalities of the perineal orifices, external genitalia, genitourinary system, and anorectum. The spectrum ranges from a complete form with absence of perineal openings and persistent cloaca to milder/partial forms usually with one perineal opening and internal abnormalities of anorectum, urethra, and Müllerian structures. URSM is felt to arise due to abnormalities of the caudal mesoderm, which constitutes the urorectal septum. Here, we report two male siblings, affected with a spectrum of anomalies simulating URSM. This is the first report of recurrence of URSM in sibs. It suggests the existence of hitherto unknown genetic mechanisms for this pattern of malformation.
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