101
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Chen SW, Lai MX, Qin DH, Fang D. [Studies on the histology and essential oil of the Chinese drug sharen and its adulterants in Amomum]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1989; 14:9-12, 61. [PMID: 2504196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, fifteen seeds including Chinese drug Sharen and its adulterante in Amomum are studied. The histological characters of these seeds are described and compared in a table and illustrated with line drawings. The distribution of 2 constituents in essential oil of these seeds is determined by means of TLC with authentic samples.
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102
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Tsai YC, Juang RY, Lin SF, Chen SW, Yamasaki M, Tamura G. Production and Further Characterization of an Alkaline Elastase Produced by Alkalophilic
Bacillus
Strain Ya-B. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:3156-61. [PMID: 16347804 PMCID: PMC204442 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.12.3156-3161.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the obligate alkalophilic
Bacillus
sp. strain Ya-B, which produces alkaline elastase extracellularly, were examined. This strain grew at pH 7.0 only in the presence of 1% or more NaCl. Its fatty acid distribution pattern was similar to that of other
Bacillus
species in which iso-C
15
and anteiso-C
15
were the most abundant fatty acids. About 120 mg of enzyme was recovered from 1 liter of culture broth in a medium (pH 10.1) containing mainly glucose, soymeal, and glycerol. The antiserum against this enzyme did not recognize microbial proteinases, such as subtilisins, but reacted with proteinase C, which was purified from commercial pronase. Chemical modification studies revealed that certain histidine and tyrosine residues might be involved in the enzyme activity. This enzyme underwent a partial unfolding at pHs higher than 12.0, as indicated by the circular dichroism study.
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103
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Liu CS, Chang CS, Leu HL, Chen SW, Lo TB. The complete amino-acid sequence of a basic phospholipase A2 in the venom of Bungarus fasciatus. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY HOPPE-SEYLER 1988; 369:1227-33. [PMID: 3072971 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1988.369.2.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A basic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was isolated and purified from the venom of Bungarus fasciatus. Four kinds of enzymes, lysyl endopeptidase, endoproteinase Asp-N, endoproteinase Glu-C and trypsin, were employed to elucidate the complete primary structure by means of gas-phase sequencing. The amino-acid sequence reveals 118 amino-acid residues containing seven pairs of half-cystine. It has 78% and 61% structural identities with PLA2 from Bungarus multicinctus and Naja melanoleuca DE-II, respectively.
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104
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Goddard MK, Izutsu KT, Johnson DE, Ensign WY, Izutsu SM, Wilkinson LE, Chen SW, Wong JL. Evidence for two conductance/exchange pathways for chloride in rat parotid secretory granules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 155:984-9. [PMID: 3421978 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electron probe x-ray microanalysis was used to determine that bromide is localized to rat parotid secretory granules at early stages of an in situ Cl/Br washout experiment. Chloride efflux and bromide influx across the secretory granule membrane occurred with a time order of minutes. Since the Cl washout data indicated minimal Cl binding within the granule, and therefore minimal Br binding, the Br localization results suggest the presence of two or more anion conductance/exchange pathways in the granule membrane for the Cl (Br) ion.
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105
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Chen SW, Xiao LJ, Cui XZ, Meng GY, Zhang CB, Gu SJ, Gao XK, Lin ZJ, Zhang ZR. [Optimum for determination of beta-glucuronidase activity in fluid of E. coli 3360 strain (O157K88)]. HUA XI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF WEST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUAXI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO 1988; 19:289-92. [PMID: 3075584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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106
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Chen SW, Lai MX, Qin DH, Fang D. [Morphological studies on the Chinese drug sharen and it's adulterants in Amomum]. ZHONG YAO TONG BAO (BEIJING, CHINA : 1981) 1988; 13:4-7, 61. [PMID: 3203440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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107
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Do YS, Sherrod A, Lobo RA, Paulson RJ, Shinagawa T, Chen SW, Kjos S, Hsueh WA. Human ovarian theca cells are a source of renin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:1957-61. [PMID: 3279422 PMCID: PMC279900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.6.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human ovarian follicular fluid contains renin-like activity. In normal women, circulating levels of prorenin, the biosynthetic precursor of renin (EC 3.4.23.15), change in parallel with changes in progesterone during the menstrual cycle. Therefore, the ovary has been implicated as a source of plasma prorenin. In the present studies, we report the finding of high concentrations of prorenin in human ovarian follicular fluid (3000 ng.ml-1.hr-1 vs. 10-40 ng.ml-1.hr-1 in normal human plasma) obtained from follicles of women prepared for in vitro fertilization. The inactive renin-like enzyme was identified as prorenin by its activation characteristics, its molecular weight of 47,000, which is the same as that for recombinant prorenin, and its cross-reactivity with human renal renin antibodies. Culture of isolated human theca cells and isolated granulosa cells indicated that prorenin is secreted by theca cells but not by granulosa cells. Prorenin production by theca cells peaked during the first 10 days of culture and gradually decreased by 17 days. Active renin levels were 10% or less of the prorenin levels. Prorenin was barely detectable in medium from granulosa cells cultured for 24 days. Immunohistochemical staining of human ovaries (n = 5) with anti-human renin antibody demonstrated the presence of renin primarily in theca cells. These studies suggest that the theca cell is the source of the large quantities of prorenin in human ovarian follicular fluid.
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108
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Chiou SH, Chang WP, Chen SW, Lo CH. N-terminal sequences of gamma-crystallins from the amphibian lens and their homology with gamma-crystallins of other major classes of vertebrates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1988; 31:335-8. [PMID: 3259558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1988.tb00041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
gamma-Crystallins were isolated from the homogenate of frog eye lenses (Rana catesbeiana) by exclusion gel chromatography and further purified by cation-exchange chromatography. They were the only group of crystallins possessing free amino groups amenable to sequence analysis by Edman degradation. Comparison of the amino acid contents of the purified subfractions of gamma-crystallins indicated their close relatedness in amino acid compositions and probably sequence homology as well. The amino-terminal sequence analysis of the purified gamma-crystallin subfractions showed extensive homology between these amphibian gamma-crystallin polypeptides themselves and also those from other vertebrate species, suggesting the existence of a multigene family and their close relatedness to gamma-crystallins of other vertebrates. The sequence comparison of the gamma-crystallin polypeptides from all major classes of vertebrates has provided strong support for the divergent evolution of gamma-crystallin family.
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109
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Chiou SH, Chang WP, Lo CH, Chen SW. Sequence comparison of gamma-crystallins from the reptilian and other vertebrate species. FEBS Lett 1987; 221:134-8. [PMID: 3622758 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lens crystallins were isolated from homogenates of reptilian eye lenses (Caiman crocodylus apaporiensis) by gel-permeation chromatography and characterized by gel electrophoresis, and amino acid and N-terminal sequence analyses. Four fractions corresponding to alpha-, delta/epsilon/beta-, beta- and gamma-crystallins were identified on the basis of their electrophoretic patterns as revealed by SDS gel electrophoresis. Comparison of the amino acid contents of reptilian crystallins with those of mammals suggests that each orthologous class of crystallins from the evolutionarily distant species still exhibits similarity in their amino acid compositions and probably sequence homology as well. All fractions except that of gamma-crystallin were found to be N-terminally blocked. N-terminal sequence analysis of the purified gamma-crystallin subfractions showed extensive homology between the reptilian gamma-crystallin polypeptides themselves and also those from other vertebrate species, suggesting the existence of a multigene family and their close relatedness to gamma-crystallins of other vertebrates.
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110
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Chiou SH, Chen SW, Lo TB. The amino-terminal sequences of four major carp gamma-crystallin polypeptides and their homology with frog and calf gamma-crystallins. FEBS Lett 1986; 209:107-10. [PMID: 3803569 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)81093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Four major gamma-crystallin subfractions have been isolated from the carp (Cyprinus carpio) and their N-terminal sequences determined by Edman protein sequencing. Extensive homologies indicative of close relatedness in their primary structure were found in these four gamma-crystallin polypeptides. Comparison of the carp N-terminal sequences with those of mammalian and amphibian gamma-crystallins also showed a high degree of homology present in their N-terminal segments despite the dissimilarity of amino acid compositions of fish gamma-crystallins to those of higher classes of vertebrates. The distinct yet closely-related partial sequences of carp gamma-crystallins could account for the profound microheterogeneity detected in the characterization of carp crystallins, suggesting the presence of a multigene family for gamma-crystallin in the lowest class of vertebrates, i.e. the fish.
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111
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Peng QF, Yan LN, Chen SW. [Influence of bile viscosity and contrast medium concentration on PTC exposure quality]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1985; 23:528-9, 572. [PMID: 4092559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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112
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Chen SW, Lai MX. [Pharmacognostic study on the root of fourteen medicinal species in the genus Zanthoxylum]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1985; 20:598-605. [PMID: 3832776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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113
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Huang RJ, Chen SW, Chen TK, Liau MY. [The detoxification of Naja naja atra venom and preparation of potent antivenin]. ZHONGHUA MINGUO WEI SHENG WU JI MIAN YI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 1985; 18:177-83. [PMID: 3933920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The 99.2% toxicity of Naja naja atra venom can be detoxified by treatment with 0.25% GA (glutaraldehyde) solution at pH 6.8 and still remains its antigenicity. Using the GA treated venom incorporated with Freund's complete adjuvant as immunogen, the titer of immune horse sera can be enhanced rapidly. The modified immunization method not only shortened the period of immunization (from 180 to 60 days), but also increased the potency of immune sera (from 75 to 170 units). The method also diminished the mortality rate of the horse during the immunization period (from 37 to 0%) and increased the antibody production rate (from 20 to 100%), as compared to Tanaka's method. With the present method, significant economic effects can be achieved. The neutralization antibody titer of Naja naja atra antivenin could be elevated 3.55 times through purification of the antivenin with the pepsin digestion method. The antivenin recovery rate using the pepsin digestion method was about 55.44%. The solubility of lyophilized antivenin was significantly improved by the addition of 2% glycine. In addition to an increase of antivenin potency and purity, the problem of an inadequate production rate has also been resolved. Now lyophilized antivenin can be supplied even to remote areas, thus providing excellent opportunities for clinical application. This Institute has already adopted this new immunization schedule in lieu of the old Tanaka method.
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114
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Ye WQ, Chen SW. Magnesium and congestive heart failure. ACTA ACADEMIAE MEDICINAE WUHAN = WU-HAN I HSUEH YUAN HSUEH PAO 1985; 5:38-43. [PMID: 4000588 DOI: 10.1007/bf02856908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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115
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Chen SW. [Pharmacognostical identification of Flemingia philippinensis]. ZHONG YAO TONG BAO (BEIJING, CHINA : 1981) 1984; 9:109-11. [PMID: 6237754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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116
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Cho CH, Chen SM, Chen SW, Chow CK, Lai KH, Pfeiffer CJ. Pathogenesis of gastric ulceration produced by acetazolamide in rats. Digestion 1984; 29:5-11. [PMID: 6327441 DOI: 10.1159/000199001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment demonstrated that relatively high doses of acetazolamide (100 and 200 mg/kg s.c.) induced severe gastric hemorrhagic ulceration in rats. This ulceration was aggravated by oral administration of HC1, but was inhibited by NaHCO3. Further, the severity of ulceration was also decreased by pretreatment with methysergide, chlorpheniramine, or cimetidine. These protective effects were affirmed by an increase in serotonin and histamine released from the stomach after acetazolamide treatment. Acetazolamide injection also increased the protein level, but reduced the sialic acid content in the gastric secretion, indicating that the gastric mucosal barrier may have been damaged. Prostaglandin E2 content of the gastric mucosa was not affected by the drug; however, carbonic anhydrase activity was markedly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, it is suggested that the ulceration induced by acetazolamide is mainly due to the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity and mucus secretion. The increases in serotonin and histamine released may also have been contributing factors for gastric ulcer formation.
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117
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Cho CH, Chen SW, Chen SM, Ho LT. The lack of effects of somatostatin on gastric responses induced by electrical vagal stimulation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1983; 19:925-7. [PMID: 6140685 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(83)90392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of somatostatin on ulcer formation, gastric acid secretion and histamine release were assessed during vagus nerve stimulation in rats. Direct electrical vagal stimulation significantly increased histamine release and acid output in gastric secretion but decreased mast cell counts in gastric glandular mucosa. Hemorrhagic ulceration on the gastric glandular mucosa was also observed. Somatostatin pretreatment (10 micrograms/kg) did not inhibit gastric ulcer formation, gastric acid secretion or histamine release induced by vagal stimulation. Cimetidine (an H2 blocker) pretreatment, however, significantly decreased gastric acid secretion as well as ulcer formation. The present study indicates the direct vagal stimulation increases gastric acid secretion and ulcer formation. These effects are partially histamine dependent. Somatostatin did not inhibit histamine release induced by vagal stimulation and reflects the inability of the drug to prevent ulcer formation and gastric output under these conditions in rats. However, the inhibition of basal gastric acid secretion produced by somatostatin might be useful clinically in humans.
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118
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Chen SW. [Pharmacognostic identification of Claoxylon polot and its fakery]. ZHONG YAO TONG BAO (BEIJING, CHINA : 1981) 1983; 8:7-11. [PMID: 6235017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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119
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Liau MY, Huang RJ, Chen SW. Enhancement of Naja naja atra antivenin production in horses. ZHONGHUA MINGUO WEI SHENG WU JI MIAN YI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 1982; 15:294-9. [PMID: 7183425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As the conventional hyperimmunization schedule in horses introduced by Tanaka could not produce enough neutralizing antibody against Naja naja atra venom, the mixture of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-Cobra venom incorporated with adjuvant was used for immunization. The neutralizing antibody produced (30 LD50) seemed to be increased but still not to reach the satisfactory level. By using CMC-Cobratoxin adjuvant mixture as an immunizing agent, highly potent antivenin (220 LD50) was obtained.
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120
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Wen ZY, Xiao SQ, Chen SW, Zhou RZ, Xue XP. Observation and analysis of children's lingual picture. Report of 2086 cases. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1982; 2:141-4. [PMID: 6765701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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121
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Edwards JS, Chen SW, Berns MW. Cercal sensory development following laser microlesions of embryonic apical cells in Acheta domesticus. J Neurosci 1981; 1:250-8. [PMID: 7264719 PMCID: PMC6564121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that pioneer fibers, which develop relatively early in the differentiation of insect appendages, serve to organize the peripheral sensory nerves was tested by ablating apical regions of the cercal rudiments in embryos of Acheta domesticus. Multiple nerve bundles rather than the normal middorsal and midventral pair of nerves were formed within the cercus following ablation of the cercal tip before pioneer fiber differentiation, but the cercal nerve was normal when lesions were made after formation of the pioneer fiber tracts and associated glia. These results indicate a necessary morphogenetic role for the pioneer fibers.
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122
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Frieden EH, Rawitch AB, Wu LH, Chen SW. The isolation of two proline-containing relaxin species from a porcine relaxin concentrate. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1980; 163:521-7. [PMID: 7384075 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-163-40808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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123
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Chen SW, Edwards JS. Observations on the structure of secretory cells associated with aphid cornicles. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1972; 130:312-7. [PMID: 5056503 DOI: 10.1007/bf00306945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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