1851
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Zhang S, Zhu X, Zou LH. Second-order neural nets for constrained optimization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 3:1021-4. [DOI: 10.1109/72.165605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1852
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Samulski RJ, Zhu X, Xiao X, Brook JD, Housman DE, Epstein N, Hunter LA. Targeted integration of adeno-associated virus (AAV) into human chromosome 19. EMBO J 1991; 10:3941-50. [PMID: 1657596 PMCID: PMC453134 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A key feature in adeno-associated virus (AAV) replication is efficient integration of the viral genome into host cell DNA to establish latency when helper virus is absent. The steps involved in this process remain largely uncharacterized, even though AAV integration was first documented 20 years ago. Using a protein--DNA binding method we isolated AAV--cellular junction DNA sequences. The cellular component hybridized to a single restriction fragment in the virus-free parental cell line, and also co-migrated with AAV-specific sequences in numerous latently infected cell lines. Analysis of somatic cell hybrids indicated that this cellular sequence maps to the distal portion of the q arm of human chromosome 19. In situ hybridization of AAV DNA to chromosomes from latently infected cells confirms the physical location of AAV integrations to be q13.4-ter of chromosome 19. Sequence analysis of several independent integration sites shows breakpoints occurring within a 100 bp cellular region. This non-pathogenic parvovirus thus appears to establish viral latency by integrating its DNA specifically into one chromosomal region. Such specific integration is so far unique among the eukaryotic DNA viruses. The incorporation of site-specific integration into AAV vector schemes should make this vector system attractive for human gene therapy approaches.
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1853
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Yuan VW, Bowman CD, Bowman JD, Bush JE, Delheij PP, Frankle CM, Gould CR, Haase DG, Knudson JN, Mitchell GE, Penttilä S, Postma H, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Szymanski JJ, Zhu X. Parity nonconservation in polarized-neutron transmission through 139La. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1991; 44:2187-2194. [PMID: 9967639 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.44.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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1854
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Geyer CK, Zhu X, Nowell PC, Reed JC. A new polymorphic probe on chromosome 6q: p327A (D6S93). Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:5799. [PMID: 1682885 PMCID: PMC329010 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.20.5799-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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1855
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Frankle CM, Bowman JD, Bush JE, Delheij PP, Gould CR, Haase DG, Knudson JN, Mitchell GE, Penttilä S, Postma H, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Szymanski JJ, Yoo SH, Yuan VW, Zhu X. Sign correlations and parity nonconservation for neutron resonances in 232Th. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:564-567. [PMID: 10044930 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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1856
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Zhu X, Louie SG. Quasiparticle band structure of thirteen semiconductors and insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:14142-14156. [PMID: 9997284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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1857
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Yang J, Fang F, Zhu X, Deng S, Zhou W, Xing Z. [The preparation of highly purified insulin and its clinical use. Insulin Cooperative Study Group]. HUA XI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF WEST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUAXI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO 1991; 22:178-80. [PMID: 1786955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antigenicity of insulin preparations is obviously related to their purity. The average contents of proinsulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in highly purified insulin (HP-I) produced by us are 76.0, 2.11 and 0.11 ppm respectively. These results are superior to those for domestic conventional crystalline insulin and single peak insulin (SP-I). The antibodies to insulin, proinsulin and pancreatic polypeptide in serum were examined in 24 diabetic patients treated with HP-I for more than 6 months. The positive rates for the above three antibodies were 37.5%, 0% and 0% respectively. The results showed that the antigenicity of HP-I was much lower than that of domestic conventional crystalline insulin and almost the same as that of MC-I from Nordisk, Denmark.
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1858
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Ohta Y, Hojo H, Aimoto S, Kobayashi T, Zhu X, Jordan F, Inouye M. Pro-peptide as an intramolecular chaperone: renaturation of denatured subtilisin E with a synthetic pro-peptide [corrected]. Mol Microbiol 1991; 5:1507-10. [PMID: 1686294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The amino-terminal pro-sequence consisting of 77 amino acid residues is required to guide the folding of secreted subtilisin E, a serine protease, into active, mature enzyme (ikemura et al., 1987). Furthermore, denatured subtilisin E can be folded to active enzyme in an intermolecular process with the aid of an exogenously added pro-subtilisin E, the active site of which was mutated (Zhu et al., 1989). In this report, we have synthesized the pro-peptide of 77 residues (corresponding to -1 to -77 in the sequence, where residue +1 is the N-terminal amino acid residue of the mature protein), and have found that it could intermolecularly complement the folding of denatured subtilisin E to active enzyme. Furthermore, we have found that the synthetic pro-peptide exhibits specific strong binding to the active mature enzyme by inhibiting it competitively at its active centre with an upper limit to a Ki of 5.4 x 10(-7). In contrast, synthetic pro-peptides corresponding to -44 to -77, -1 to -64 and -1 to -43 inhibited the enzyme with Ki values weaker by two orders of magnitude. The results indicate that the sequence extending from -1 to -77 is essential for specificity of interaction, perhaps generating a conformation that accounts for both roles found hitherto, i.e. specific binding to the active centre, and guiding of the refolding to active enzyme. Thus these results suggest that the pro-peptide functions as an intramolecular chaperone [corrected].
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1859
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Zhu X, Burgoyne LA, Skinner JD. The interspersed DNA repeat conserved in water birds' genomes. Genome 1991; 34:493-4. [PMID: 1889740 DOI: 10.1139/g91-075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A putative old and ubiquitous interspersed DNA repeat family was identified from TaqI restriction, M13 cloning, and sequencing of the genomic DNA of a Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), a Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata), a Toulouse Goose (Anser anser), and a Black Swan (Cygnus atratus). A 425-bp consensus core sequence was obtained for the interspersed family. The 425-bp unit was about 2% of the avian genome and was found to be conserved in at least four genera of the order Anseriforme: Anas, Anser, Cairina, and Cygnus.
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1860
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Zhu X, Louie SG. Quasiparticle surface band structure and photoelectric threshold of Ge(111)-2 x 1. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:12146-12149. [PMID: 9997012 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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1861
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Specht ED, Ice GE, Peters CJ, Sparks CJ, Lucas N, Zhu X, Moret R, Morkoç H. X-ray-diffraction measurement of interface structure in GaAs/Si(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:12425-12430. [PMID: 9997041 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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1862
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Zhu X, Komiya H, Chirino A, Faham S, Fox GM, Arakawa T, Hsu BT, Rees DC. Three-dimensional structures of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors. Science 1991; 251:90-3. [PMID: 1702556 DOI: 10.1126/science.1702556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of proteins stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cell types through receptor-mediated pathways. The three-dimensional structures of two members of this family, bovine acidic FGF and human basic FGF, have been crystallographically determined. These structures contain 12 antiparallel beta strands organized into a folding pattern with approximate threefold internal symmetry. Topologically equivalent folds have been previously observed for soybean trypsin inhibitor and interleukins-1 beta and -1 alpha. The locations of sequences implicated in receptor and heparin binding by FGF are presented. These sites include beta-sheet strand 10, which is adjacent to the site of an extended sequence insertion in several oncogene proteins of the FGF family, and which shows sequence conservation among the FGF family and interleukin-1 beta.
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1863
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Mathias CJ, Welch MJ, Perry DJ, McGuire AH, Zhu X, Connett JM, Green MA. Investigation of copper-PTSM as a PET tracer for tumor blood flow. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART B, NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1991; 18:807-11. [PMID: 1787092 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(91)90022-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper-PTSM has been shown in previous studies to act as a fluid microsphere and to be useful in quantitating blood flow in brain, myocardium, and kidneys. In this study we have evaluated this agent as a PET tumor blood flow agent. 64Cu- or 67Cu-labeled Cu-PTSM was administered (i.v.) to Golden Syrian hamsters with colorectal carcinoma cell implants (GW39). One minute prior to sacrifice (10-60 min after Cu-PTSM was administered) 125I-iodoantipyrine (125I-IAP), an agent known to measure tumor blood flow, was administered intravenously by a 3-stage, 1 min ramp infusion. Following sacrifice, samples of tumor and brain were removed (within 40s) and the tumor and brain levels of Cu-PTSM and iodoantipyrine determined. Since the brain uptake of both Cu-PTSM and IAP is perfusion rate limited, the brain was used as a reference organ to normalize tumor levels of the two tracers. The plot of Cu-PTSM versus 125I-IAP tumor/brain ratios showed a good linear correlation (r value of 0.97), suggesting that Cu-PTSM could be used to quantify tumor blood flow. Since the mechanism of Cu-PTSM trapping is likely to be due to glutathione levels in the tissue, and because tumor tissue glutathione levels might vary, the temporal uptake of Cu-PTSM was investigated by PET imaging both the tumor-bearing hamsters and approximately 300 g Copenhagen rats bearing R3227 prostate tumors. The tumors were clearly visualized and the retained copper radioactivity in the tumor was constant over the 30 min imaging period.
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1864
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Zhu X, Eichberg J. A myo-inositol pool utilized for phosphatidylinositol synthesis is depleted in sciatic nerve from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:9818-22. [PMID: 2263632 PMCID: PMC55265 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve from experimentally diabetic rats exhibits lowered levels of myo-inositol (MI) and decreased incorporation of [3H]MI into phosphatidylinositol (PI). There are indications that diminished PI turnover may be causally related to reduced Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in diabetic nerve. We have investigated whether a metabolic compartment of MI that is essential for PI synthesis is decreased in this tissue. Sciatic nerve segments from streptozotocin-induced diabetic and age-matched normal rats were incubated in vitro with either 32Pi or [3H]cytidine in the presence of propranolol. This cationic amphiphilic agent redirected nerve phospholipid metabolism to produce enhanced 32P incorporation into PI and decreased labeling of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine. The accumulation of phosphatidyl CMP (CMP-PA) was also demonstrated by chromatographic and enzymatic means. The incorporation of [3H]cytidine into CMP-PA in normal nerve increased up to 15-fold when 0.6 mM propranolol was present. In diabetic nerve, the liponucleotide incorporated 2- to 3-fold more isotope and was more readily labeled at lower drug concentrations as compared to normal nerve. The buildup of [3H]CMP-PA was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of MI in the incubation medium at concentrations up to 3 mM. However, if MI was added after liponucleotide accumulation, preformed CMP-PA could not be utilized for PI synthesis. The difference in liponucleotide labeling between normal and diabetic nerve was nearly abolished at 0.3 mM medium MI, a concentration much less than the level of cyclitol in the tissue. These results strongly suggest the presence in nerve of a pool of MI that is not in equilibrium with the bulk of nerve MI and that is preferentially used for PI synthesis. This metabolic compartment is depleted in diabetic nerve but can be readily replenished by exogenous MI and may correspond to the MI pool that has been proposed to be required for the turnover of a portion of tissue PI involved in maintenance of normal Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity.
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1865
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Zhu X, Skinner J, Burgoyne LA. The macrosatellites of the Toulouse goose: the major tandemly repetitive DNA in the toulouse goose genome. Genome 1990; 33:641-5. [PMID: 2262138 DOI: 10.1139/g90-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the principal classes of repetitive DNA of the Toulouse goose (Anser anser) genome. There are four major classes and they are tandem repeats of less than 200 base pairs (bp). The longest repeat (class A) is 190 bp long and starts with a HinfI site. Class B is 43 bp long, commencing with a FokI site. Classes A and B show no extensive homology to DNA sequences held on a current data base (Genbank) but were confirmed to exist as major repeats in another strain of goose, the Emden goose (Anser anser) genome. Classes C and D are 5-bp repeats of 5' GAGAG 3' and 5' GGGAA 3', respectively. The macrosatellites C and D were compared with a current data base (Genbank) and were found to exist in a variety of other organisms as satellites.
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1866
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Bowman JD, Bowman CD, Bush JE, Delheij PP, Frankle CM, Gould CR, Haase DG, Knudson J, Mitchell GE, Penttila S, Postma H, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Szymanski JJ, Yuan VW, Zhu X. Parity nonconservation for neutron resonances in 238U. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 65:1192-1195. [PMID: 10042198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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1867
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Zhu X, Eichberg J. 1,2-diacylglycerol content and its arachidonyl-containing molecular species are reduced in sciatic nerve from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Neurochem 1990; 55:1087-90. [PMID: 2117050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The content of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) was determined in sciatic nerves from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In nerves frozen in situ, DAG content was reduced 22% in the proximal region and 77% in the distal region of diabetic nerve, principally because of the loss of associated fat. DAG levels in freshly dissected and desheathed diabetic nerve were decreased from 23 to 30% as compared with normal nerve. Determination of DAG molecular species distribution in desheathed normal nerve indicated that 18:0/20:4 accounted for 34%, 16:0/18:1 for 17%, and several other polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing species for 17% of the total. In diabetic nerve, the quantity of the 18:0/20:4 DAG, species was reduced by 37%, and this drop was 62% of the reduction in all molecular species. The content of the minor species, 16:0/20:4 DAG, was decreased by 48%. Our results suggest that nerve DAG arises in large part from phosphoinositide degradation. Moreover, these results provide support for the hypothesis that reduced Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in diabetic nerve is a consequence of decreased phosphoinositide turnover, which thereby generates insufficient DAG to maintain a protein kinase C-mediated step necessary for activation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase.
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1868
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1869
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Zhu X, Chu R. [A comparison of anti-arrhythmic effects of four kinds of rhizoma seu radix Nomopterygii]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1990; 15:366-8, 385. [PMID: 2206391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to compare the anti-arrhythmic effects of the four kinds of Qianghuo(Notopterygium incisum; N. forbesii; Pleurospermum rivulorum; Angelica silvestris). It has been found that all the four kinds of Qianghuo can antagonize arrhythmia induced by aconitine. Notopterygium incisum can prolong the ventricular vibration induced by CaCl2 and Pleurospermum rivulorum can prolong the ventricle stop induced by BaCl2. Thus Qianghuo can be used as a sedative and anti-arrhythmic drug.
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1870
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Zhu X, Zhu Y. [Nursing care of the endolymphangial retention needle used for chemotherapy]. ZHONGHUA HU LI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF NURSING 1990; 25:261-3. [PMID: 2390799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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1871
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Zhu X. [Comparative study of serum lipid-bound sialic acid and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with lung cancer]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 1990; 13:25-7, 61. [PMID: 2165867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Serum LSA and CEA levels were measured in 86 patients with lung cancer, 56 patients with benign pulmonary diseases and 127 normal subjects. The results showed that the diagnostic accuracy rate of LSA for lung cancer (82.4%) was higher than that of CEA (67.6%). LSA was more useful than CEA for diagnosis and differantial diagnosis of lung cancer. CEA was more sensitive to adenocarcinoma of the lung. While LSA was sensitive to small cell lung cancer and squamous cell lung cancer as well. LSA levels and positive rate were related to the stages of lung cancer. LSA was more helpful than CEA for evaluating the status of disease and staging patients. The changes of LSA levels in 33 patients with lung cancer were related to the results of chemotherapy. LSA was superior to CEA for monitoring therapy. Combinative determination of both two markers was better than that of single marker.
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1872
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Zhu X, Zhang SB, Louie SG, Cohen ML. Quasiparticle intepretation of photoemission spectra and optical properties of GaAs(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 63:2112-2115. [PMID: 10040765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.63.2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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1873
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Zhu X, Kean PN, Sibbett W. Coupled-cavity mode locking of a KCl:Tl laser using an erbium-doped optical fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 1989; 14:1192-1194. [PMID: 19759631 DOI: 10.1364/ol.14.001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An erbium-doped monomode fiber that exhibits enhanced optical nonlinearity has been incorporated into a coupled-cavity mode-locked (CCM) KCl:Tl laser, from which stable, sub-100-fsec pulses have been produced near 1.5 microm. Spectral measurements of the CCM laser output also indicate the existence of a self-frequency shift that can provide pulse generation in two distinct wavelength regimes.
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1874
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Dunn JM, Phillips RA, Zhu X, Becker A, Gallie BL. Mutations in the RB1 gene and their effects on transcription. Mol Cell Biol 1989; 9:4596-604. [PMID: 2601691 PMCID: PMC363605 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.9.11.4596-4604.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of both alleles of the RB1 gene during normal retinal development initiates the formation of a retinoblastoma (RB) tumor. To identify the mutations which inactivate RB1, 21 RB tumors isolated from 19 patients were analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction or an RNase protection assay or both. Mutations were identified in 13 of 21 RB tumors; in 8 tumors, the precise errors in nucleotide sequence were characterized. Each of four germ line mutations involved a small deletion or duplication, while three somatic mutations were point mutations leading to splice alterations and loss of an exon from the mature RB1 mRNA. We were unable to detect expression of the mutant allele in lymphoblasts of three bilaterally affected patients, although the mutation was present in the genomic DNA and transcripts containing the mutations were obvious in the RB tumors in the absence of a normal RB1 allele. The variations in the level of expression of mutant transcripts suggest deregulation of RB1 transcription in the absence of a functional RB1 gene product.
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1875
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Zhu X, Sugiyama H, Iga K. Index profile simulation for a planar microlens by electromigration. APPLIED OPTICS 1989; 28:4429-4431. [PMID: 20555888 DOI: 10.1364/ao.28.004429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes how to predict the refractive-index profile in a field assisted ion-exchange process. Since the dielectric constant varies during the ion exchange, the field correction has been considered using the Lorentz-Lorenz formula. The index profile of a planar microlens is simulated by numerically solving a drift-diffusion equation for dopant ions in a glass and the result agrees well with the measured one.
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