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Johnson FM, Lewis SE. Mutation-rate determinations based on electrophoretic analysis of laboratory mice. Mutat Res 1981; 82:125-135. [PMID: 7266555 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(81)90144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rate calculations are described for germinal mutations detected by an electrophoretic system as applied to mice in a series of recent experiments. The utility of the electrophoretic system is examined from several comparative viewpoints. The electrophoretic approach has a number of features to recommend it for future applications concerned with genetic hazard assessment. Its advantages include sensitivity, versatility, cost effectiveness and relevance to humans.
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Johnson FM, Hendren RW, Chasalow F, Barnett LB, Lewis SE. A null mutation at the mouse Phosphoglucomutase-1 locus and a new locus Pgm-3. Biochem Genet 1981; 19:599-615. [PMID: 6457600 DOI: 10.1007/bf00484629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A null mutation at the phosphoglucomutase locus (Pgm-1) was discovered by electrophoretic analysis of the inbred mouse strain C57BL/6J. The null allele (Pgm-1n) was shown to segregate as a Mendelian unit alternative to the Pgm-1a and Pgm-1b alleles. Mice expressing the Pgm-1n allele, either in the heterozygous or homozygous state, are viable, healthy, and fertile. The occurrence of the Pgm-1n mutant revealed a previously unreported genetic locus (Pgm-3) that controls the expression of a third phosphoglucomutase. Two electrophoretically expressed alleles of Pgm-3 (inherited without dominance) are found in the inbred mouse strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J. Linkage observed between the Pgm-3 locus, the dilute locus (d) and the cytoplasmic malic enzyme locus (Mod-1) has allowed assignment of the Pgm-3 locus to chromosome 9. A striking tissue specific expression of Pgm-1 and Pgm-3 was observed. Products of the Pgm-3 locus were detected in kidney, testes, brain, and heart. In contrast, Pgm-1 controlled isozymes were present in kidney, spleen, ovaries, and erythrocytes.
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178
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Johnson FM, Lewis SE. Electrophoretically detected germinal mutations induced in the mouse by ethylnitrosourea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:3138-41. [PMID: 6942421 PMCID: PMC319515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.5.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Male DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice were treated with ethylnitrosourea (EtNU) at a dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight. After a sterile period of 11 weeks, the treated animals were mated with untreated females; treated DBA with C57 and treated C57 with DBA. A small control group of untreated males was established, and a larger control group from earlier experiments was also used for comparison. Tissue samples removed surgically from the parents and F1 offspring were examined by electrophoresis. Nine newly arisen mutants attributable to induction by EtNU were found in 22,512 loci tested for mutation. No mutations were encountered in 290,252 control locus tests. A preliminary study conducted concomitantly with the electrophoretic analyses for dominant lethal effects and physical malformation showed no increase over background due to EtNU treatment of spermatogonia, which suggests that mutations induced by EtNU tend not to be expressed in this way. The nature of the mutants identified by electrophoresis facilitates follow-up analyses leading to increased understanding of the molecular basis and the physiological effects of induced mutations in mammalian organisms.
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179
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Johnson FM, Chasalow F, Anderson G, Macdougal P, Hendren RW, Lewis SE. A variation in mouse kidney pyruvate kinase activity determined by a mutant gene on chromosome 9. Genet Res (Camb) 1981; 37:123-31. [PMID: 7262549 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYPyruvate kinase activity was studied in kidney extracts of mice from various sources. One C57BL/6J female among several hundred examined expressed activity approximately one half of the normal level. This animal transmitted the trait, and a single gene responsible for the activity difference was identified and mapped to chromosome 9. Linkage withMod-1anddilutewas established. A spontaneous mutation in the C57BL/6J strain apparently was responsible for the variant pyruvate kinase.
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180
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Johnson FM, Lewis SE. Mouse spermatogonia exposed to a high, multiply fractionated dose of a cancer chemotherapeutic drug: mutation analysis by electrophoresis. Mutat Res 1981; 81:197-202. [PMID: 7242541 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(81)90034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Male mice of the DBA/2J strain were injected with procarbazine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight twice weekly until an accumulated dose of 2400 mg/kg was reached. A concurrent control group, injected only with the vehicle (saline) was also established. Most of the treated animals died as a result of exposure and all survivors became temporarily sterile. After regaining fertility the few survivors were repeatedly mated with C57BL/6J females over several weeks time to generate a population of F1 animals. The parental animals and the F1 were subsequently analyzed by electrophoresis for the occurrence of newly arisen mutations of spermatogonial origin. A mutation in the gene Pep-3 was found.
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Johnson FM, Roberts GT, Sharma RK, Chasalow F, Zweidinger R, Morgan A, Hendren RW, Lewis SE. The detection of mutants in mice by electrophoresis: results of a model induction experiment with procarbazine. Genetics 1981; 97:113-24. [PMID: 6455328 PMCID: PMC1214378 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/97.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Male mice of the DBA/2J strain were treated with the mutagen procarbazine and mated with C57BL/6J females. Offspring and parents were then analyzed for electrophoretically expressed mutations. A control group, not mutagen treated, was also examined. Two mutants probably due to induction were identified, and several of spontaneous origin were also found.
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183
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Lee CY, Lee SM, Lewis S, Johnson FM. Identification and biochemical analysis of mouse mutants deficient in cytoplasmic malic enzyme. Biochemistry 1980; 19:5098-103. [PMID: 6779864 DOI: 10.1021/bi00563a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
During the biochemical screening of mutant enzymes in mice, individuals with an apparent nonfunctional allele at the locus (Mod-l) responsible for cytoplasmic malic enzyme were identified by starch gel electrophoresis and by enzyme activity measurements. A series of matings and genetic analyses were made, and mice homozygous for the nonfunctional or null allele (Mod-ln) were produced. The mutation appeared to occur spontaneously in the C57BL/6J strain. By double-immunodiffusion and enzyme immunoinactivation assays, the null mutants were shown to express no proteins that cross-react with the antiserum to cytoplasmic malic enzyme (CRM-negative). In liver homogenates of homozygous null mutants, lack of protein components that form complexes with IgG from the cytoplasmic malic enzyme specific antiserum was further demonstrated by passage of the original serum through a mutant liver homogenate--Sepharose column, where the postadsorbed serum retained its titer and specificity. The residual malic enzyme activity (< 10% of the normal) observed in various tissue homogenates of the homozygous null mutants was attributed to that of mitochondrial isozyme of malic enzyme. Assays of enzymes from tissues of different genotypes revealed no significant differences in activities of six other enzymes in the related metabolic pathways. However, in liver from mutant mice, a lower NADPH/NADP+ ratio was consistently observed in comparison to that from control mice. Both the mutant and the control mice of the same age were found to have comparable body weight and lipid content.
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Lee CY, Chasalow F, Lee SM, Lewis S, Johnson FM. A null mutation of cytoplasmic malic enzyme in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 1980; 30:143-9. [PMID: 6772936 DOI: 10.1007/bf00230167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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185
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Robertson JT, Johnson FM. Surgical correction of cecocolic intussusception in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980; 176:223-4. [PMID: 7364630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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186
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Goodman MM, Stuber CW, Lee CN, Johnson FM. GENETIC CONTROL OF MALATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES IN MAIZE. Genetics 1980; 94:153-68. [PMID: 17248990 PMCID: PMC1214131 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/94.1.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
At least six nuclear loci are responsible for the genetic control of malate dehydrogznase (L-malate: NAD oxidoreductase; EC 1.1 .I .37; MDH) in coleoptiles of maize. Three independently segregating loci (Mdh1, Mdh2, Mdh3) govern the production of MDH isozymes resistant to inactivation by ascorbic acid and found largely or solely in the mitochondria. A rare recessive allele found at a fourth nuclear locus (mmm) causes increased electrophoretic mobility of the MDH isozymes governed by the Mdh1, Mdh2 and Mdh3 loci. -Two loci (Mdh4, Mdh5) govern MDH isozymes that are selectively in- activated by homogenization in an ascorbic acid solution and that appear to be nonmitochondrial (soluble). Mdh4 and Mdh5 segregate independently of each other and independently of Mdhl, Mdh2 and Mdh3. However, there is close linkage between the migration modifier and Mdh4.—Multiple alleles have been found for all of the Mdh loci except the migration modifier, and electrophoretically "null" or near "null" alleles (as expressed in standardized sections of maize coleoptile) have been found for all loci except Mdh4. Duplicate inheritance commonly occurs for Mdhl and Mdh2 and also for Mdh4 and Mdh5.—Inter- and intragenic heterodimers are formed between sub-units specified by the three loci governing the mitochondrial MDH isozymes. The same is true of the alleles and nonalleles at the two loci governing the soluble variants. No such heterodimers are formed by interactions between mitochondrial and soluble MDH isozymes.
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Sharma RK, Roberts GT, Johnson FM, Malling HV. Translocation and sperm abnormality assays in mouse spermatogonia treated with procarbazine. Mutat Res 1979; 67:385-8. [PMID: 481460 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(79)90038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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188
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Roberts GT, Johnson FM, Malling HV, Sharma RK. Action of N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide hydrochloride (procarbazine hydrochloride) in the germ tissue of mice: dominant lethal effects. Arch Toxicol 1979; 41:287-94. [PMID: 435078 DOI: 10.1007/bf00296898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A study was carried out on the effects of N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide (procarbazine, Natulan) in the dominant lethal test in the mouse. Male mice were dosed once and mated with fresh virgin females each week. The utilization of sperm, treated as spermatids or testicular sperm with 100-800 mg/kg, resulted in significant post- and pre-implantation death of embryos. Fertility was markedly reduced after the injection of 200 mg/kg of procarbazine and over. This is probably due to a cell killing effect, the most sensitive stages being differentiating spermatogonia, type A sermatogonia and resting primary spermatocytes. Total sterility was induced for several weeks with doses of 600 and 800 mg/kg. Up to 12 weeks after treatment the number of females with implants was still significantly lower than controls indicating a severe depletion of spermatogonial cells. The spectrum of effects correlates well with the drug's effect on nucleic acid and protein synthesis.
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Langley CH, Smith DB, Johnson FM. Analysis of linkage disequilibria between allozyme loci in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Res (Camb) 1978; 32:215-29. [PMID: 109352 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300018711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYLinkage disequilibria between pairs of 8 polymorphic enzyme loci (αGpdh, Mdh, Adh, Est-6, Pgm, Odh, Est-CandAcph) in some 100 natural population samples ofDrosophila melanogasterwere examined. The estimates of linkage disequilibrium were made from zygotic frequencies. The magnitude of linkage disequilibria are small and similar to those in previous reports. Variation in linkage disequilibrium among related subpopulations was analysed by analysis of variance of the correlation coefficients. Despite the small absolute value of linkage disequilibrium there is a suggestion of a correlation among related subpopulations. The magnitude of linkage disequilibrium was observed to be positively correlated with linkage. Two cage populations were observed to demonstrate large amounts of linkage disequilibrium between closely linked loci in contrast to the situation in natural populations. This is attributable to the finite sizes of these cage populations.
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190
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Johnson FM. The importance of adrenocortical steroids in the pathogenesis of ketosis in diabetic guinea pigs (Caviae porcellus). THE CORNELL VETERINARIAN 1978; 68:150-60. [PMID: 205388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The roles of adrenocortical steroids in the pathogenesis of diabetic ketosis were investigated in guinea pigs. Groups of normal and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals were either given saline as a control, methylprednisilone as an exogenous steroid, or adrenocorticotrophin to stimulate endogenous steroid production. Plasma and urine ketone determinations were made daily for six days at which time animals were necropsied. The qualitative procedure used failed to detect ketonemia, and ketonuria was only found in diabetic guinea pigs treated with steroids. The results support the hypothesis that the absence of ketosis in spontaneously diabetic guinea pigs may be the result of a relative glucocorticoid insufficiency secondary to fatty degeneration of the adrenal glands, a common lesion in spontaneously diabetic guinea pigs.
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Voelker RA, Cockerham CC, Johnson FM, Schaffer HE, Mukai T, Mettler LE. INVERSIONS FAIL TO ACCOUNT FOR ALLOZYME CLINES. Genetics 1978; 88:515-27. [PMID: 17248810 PMCID: PMC1224598 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/88.3.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Allozyme and inversion data from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster from the eastern United States were analyzed to determine whether the clines at allozyme loci are due to nonrandom associations with common cosmopolitan inversions. All inversions show strong clines. Clines were large and significant for half of the eight allozyme loci. An analysis of the contribution of inversions to clines of allozyme genes revealed three outcomes: the inversion cline (1) enhanced the allozyme cline, but was only partly responsible, (2) reduced the allozyme cline, and (3) had no effect. The allozyme clines were mainly determined by the pattern of allele frequencies within the chromosomal arrangements. Consequently, it was concluded that allozyme clines would exist in the absence of inversion clines.
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Smith DB, Langley CH, Johnson FM. Variance component analysis of allozyme frequency data from eastern populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 1978; 88:121-37. [PMID: 415939 PMCID: PMC1213783 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/88.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene frequency variation at eight polymorphic allozyme loci in Drosophila melanogaster populations in North Carollina and the east coast of the United States were analyzed utilizing the variance component estimation procedures suggested by Cockerham (1969, 1973). These variance components were used to estimate correlations of genes within small geographic regions. The average (over loci) correlation between genes in the same individual within subpopulations was estimated to be 0.033. That between genes in the same subpopulation in different individuals was estimated to be very small, although significantly different from zero. The macrogeographic variation measured by the correlation of genes sampled from the same local region was large for some loci and smaller for others. this variation was also analyzed by correlation with latitude and longitude. Several previously recognized clines were identified as were several new clines.--These results were interpreted as indicating either some degree of nonrandom mating and local breeding unit isolation or a low frequency of null alleles. The geographic and temporal variation has no simple interpretation.
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Stuber CW, Goodman MM, Johnson FM. Genetic control and racial variation of beta-glucosidase isozymes in maize (Zea mays L.). Biochem Genet 1977; 15:383-94. [PMID: 869900 DOI: 10.1007/bf00484468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
beta-Glucosidase (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, E.C. 3.2.1.21, beta-Glu) isozyme variants were studied in a large number of inbred lines, crosses, and races of maize (Zea mays L.). The pattern of Mendelian inheritance demonstrated for beta-GLU variants indicated that they are under nuclear gene control. Twenty-two allelic forms at a single locus were identified in the materials studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Genetic data indicate that beta-GLU in maize is functionally a dimer. Variation of beta-GLU isozymes in 51 racial collections of maize from Mexico showed little correlation with morphological or geographical data. In 39 collections from Central America, variation patterns appeared to have some association with altitude.
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Johnson FM, Burrows PM. Isozyme variability in species of the genus Drosophila. VIII. The alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in North Carolina populations of D. melanogaster. Biochem Genet 1976; 14:47-58. [PMID: 816352 DOI: 10.1007/bf00484872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adult Drosophila melanogaster flies collected from populations broadly dispersed over ecological and geographic strata of North Carolina, and over a period of 4 years, were analyzed for alcohol dehydrogenase phenotypes by gel electrophoresis. Gene frequencies in spring-summer-fall field collections were remarkably stable over all strata. Two winter collections exhibited contrasting gene frequency changes. In one case the results are interpreted in terms of long-distance migration from Florida, while the other is explicable by assignment of a causal role to environmental factors which accompany the winter season.
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Johnson FM, Powell A. The alcohol dehydrogenases of Drosophila melanogaster: frequency changes associated with heat and cold shock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:1783-4. [PMID: 4209408 PMCID: PMC388324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.5.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster were subjected to heat and cold shock of sufficient duration and intensity to cause about 90 percent mortality. Alcohol dehydrogenase phenotypes were determined in survivors and controls. Significant changes in phenotypic frequencies occurred as a result of both treatments such that relative fitness appeared to be dependent on temperature. The alcohol dehydrogenase phenotype most frequently surviving heat under laboratory conditions is the same phenotype as that previously found to be higher in frequency in natural populations in areas with higher average temperature.
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Schaffer HE, Johnson FM. Isozyme allelic frequencies related to selection and gene-flow hypotheses. Genetics 1974; 77:163-8. [PMID: 4841070 PMCID: PMC1213115 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/77.1.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant correlations between allelic frequencies and environmental variables in a number of insect species have been demonstrated by multivariate techniques. Since many environmental variables show a strong relationship to geographic location and since gene flow between populations can also produce patterns of gene frequencies which are related to the geographic location, both selection and gene-flow hypotheses are consistent with the observed correlations. The genetic variables can be corrected for geographic location and so for linear gene-flow patterns. If, after correction, the genetic variables still show significant correlations with similarly corrected environmental variables, then these correlations are consistent with hypotheses of selection but not of gene flow. The data of Johnson and Schaffer (1973) have been reanalyzed using the method of canonical correlation after correction for geographical location by means of multiple regression. Five of the nine loci studied exhibit significant canonical correlations. These results, under the assumption of linear gene flow, support hypotheses of selective action of environmental variables in the genotype-environment relationships observed.
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197
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Johnson FM, Schaffer HE. Isozyme variability in species of the genus Drosophila. VII. Genotype-environment relationships in populations of D. melanogaster from the Eastern United States. Biochem Genet 1973; 10:149-63. [PMID: 4201524 DOI: 10.1007/bf00485762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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198
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Tomaszewski EK, Schaffer HE, Johnson FM. Isozyme genotype-environment associations in natural populations of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius. Genetics 1973; 75:405-21. [PMID: 4769302 PMCID: PMC1213017 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/75.2.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Harvester ants (P. badius) were collected from 49 localities in the southeastern U.S. Amylase and naphthylamidase activities were assayed by gel electrophoresis, and the frequencies of alleles controlling electrophoretic variation were calculated. Soil samples were analyzed and plotted against allelic frequencies. Climatographic and genetic data were analyzed by the method of principal components. Statistically significant correlations were found to occur between the patterns of genetic variation, and between the genetic and environmental patterns. These correlations are consistent with a selective basis for the maintenance of isozyme polymorphisms.
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Vigue CL, Johnson FM. Isozyme variability in species of the genus Drosophila. VI. Frequency-property-environment relationships of allelic alcohol dehydrogenases in D. melanogaster. Biochem Genet 1973; 9:213-27. [PMID: 4200096 DOI: 10.1007/bf00485735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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200
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