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Wolf RC, O'Connor RF, Robinson JA. Cyclic changes in plasma progestins and estrogens in squirrel monkeys. Biol Reprod 1977; 17:228-31. [PMID: 560886 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod17.2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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177
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Walsh SW, Meyer RK, Wolf RC, Friesen HG. Corpus luteum and fetoplacental functions in monkeys hypophysectomized during late pregnancy. Endocrinology 1977; 100:845-50. [PMID: 401029 DOI: 10.1210/endo-100-3-845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hormonal regulation of corpus luteum (CL) function during late pregnancy was studied in hypophysectomized monkeys. Between days 149-154 of gestation, 9 days after hypophysectomy, progesterone in the uteroovarian vein (UOV), uterine vein (UV) and peripheral circulation (P) averaged 179.7 ng/ml, 38.9 ng/ml and 5.5 ng/ml, respectively. Amniotic fluid prolactin ranged from 2150-6700 ng/ml and monkey chorionic somatomammotropin (mCS) in mothers carrying live fetuses ranged from 11.4-30.8 micrograms/ml in the UV and P. Prolactin and monkey chorionic gonadotropin in the UV and P were low or nondetectable as was mCS in 2 mothers carrying dead fetuses. CL function was further studied 7 and 39 days after removal of the fetus alone or both the fetus and placenta. Placental delivery was extremely variable, ranging from 2-greater than 63 days post-fetectomy. Although progesterone was not detectable in the P7 days after cesarean section in those animals in which both fetus and placenta were absent, surprisingly, progesterone was measurable in the UOV (range 1.6-48.2 ng/ml). At 39 days, progesterone was either nondetectable or very low. We have interpreted these data to mean: 1) neither the maternal pituitary gland nor a live fetus is necessary for placental or corpus luteum production of progesterone during late pregnancy, 2) the presence of high levels of circulating prolactin and mCS are apparently not necessary for continued secretion of progesterone from the CL during late pregnancy, 3) the fetoplacental unit may be the source of the luteotropic stimulus of late pregnancy since progesterone in the UOV decreases markedly in the absence of the fetoplacental unit or disruption of the unit brought about by fetectomy, and 4) regression of the CL following cesarean section in hypophysectomized monkeys is exceedingly slow when compared to the precipitous regression characteristic of the CL of the nonfertile menstrual cycle.
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Walsh SW, Wolf RC, Meyer RK, Aubert ML, Friesen HG. Chorionic gonadotropin, chorionic somatomammotropin, and prolactin in the uterine vein and peripheral plasma of pregnant rhesus monkeys. Endocrinology 1977; 100:851-5. [PMID: 401030 DOI: 10.1210/endo-100-3-851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seven adult female rhesus monkeys were laparotomized at days 22, 42, and 157 of pregnancy and blood was collected from the uterine vein and peripheral circulation. Plasma samples were analyzed for monkey chorionic gonadotropin (mCG), monkey chorionic somatomammotropin (mCS), and prolactin by radioimmunoassay. Levels of mCG at day 22 of pregnancy were approximately 250 ng/ml; however, during the later stages of gestation mCG was either nondetectable or less than 0.7 ng/ml. There was no statistical difference in prolactin concentrations between days 22 and 42 of pregnancy, mean levels being between 176-424 ng/ml, but by day 157 prolactin levels of greater than 2,000 ng/ml were recorded. No statistical difference existed between peripheral and uterine vein concentrations of either mCG or prolactin at any of the stages of gestation examined. At day 22, mCS was not detectable; however, at day 42 of gestation mCS titers averaged 1.5 micrograms/ml and 2.3 micrograms/ml in the peripheral and uterine vein plasma, respectively. A statistically significant mCS increase occurred by day 157, levels in the periphery and uterine vein averaging 11.0 micrograms/ml and 16.3 micrograms/ml, respectively. Uterine vein titers of mCS were significantly higher than peripheral titers at both days 42 and 157. Thus, the highest levels of mCG were present during early pregnancy, whereas the highest levels of mCS and prolactin were present during late pregnancy.
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Sholl SA, Wolf RC, Colás AE. Cholesterol side chain cleavage and aromatase activities in the corpus luteum of the pregnant rhesus monkey. Steroids 1977; 29:237-48. [PMID: 402720 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(77)90042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CSCC) and aromatase activities were measured in luteal mitochondria and tissue pieces, respectively, from rhesus monkeys on days 22, 49, 128 and 160 of gestation. CSCC activity did not vary significantly during gestation and thus probably does not respond to chorionic gonadotropin which is elevated on day 22 of pregnancy. It is not known, however, whether CSCC can be stimulated prior to day 22 when the corpus luteum is steroidogenically more active. Both 3H-pregnenolone and 3H-progesterone were synthesized from [1,2-3/]cholesterol. Aromatase activity declined from high levels on days 22 and 49 to a nadir on day 128 of pregnancy. Utilizing either [1beta-3H]androstenedione or [1beta-3H]testosterone as substrate yielded comparable results throughout gestation.
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Abstract
Progesterone, 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone, estrone and estradiol-17beta concentrations were estimated by radioimmunoassay in blood plasma from uterine, uteroovarian and femoral veins of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on days 22, 49, 128 and 160 of gestation. Steroids were consistently more concentrated in uterine and uteroovarian that in femoral venous plasma and in many cases levels in the uteroovarian vein were also higher than those in the uterine vein indicating luteal secretion of both progestins and estrogens thoughout gestation. In some animals, however, the corpus luteum appeared quiescent. As reflected in the decline in the uterine venous progesterone/estradiol-17beta concentration ratio, a shift in steroid contribution from the uterus and its contents occurred between days 22 and 49 of gestation with progesterone declining more rapidly than estradiol-17beta. Progesterone/20alpha-dihydroprogesterone was higher in both uterine and uteroovarian than in femoral venous plasma suggesting peripheral metabolism of progesterone to 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone.
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Walsh SW, Wolf RC, Meyer RK. Progesterone, progestins and 17-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione in the utero-ovarian, uterine and peripheral blood of the pregnant rhesus monkey. Endocrinology 1974; 95:1704-10. [PMID: 4434910 DOI: 10.1210/endo-95-6-1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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182
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183
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Sholl SA, Wolf RC, Colas AE. Delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-delta 5-delta 4- isomerase activity in the corpus luteum of the pregnant rhesus monkey. Endocrinology 1974; 94:908-10. [PMID: 4205140 DOI: 10.1210/endo-94-3-908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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184
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Sholl SA, Wolf RC. Quantification of 20alpha- and 20beta-dihydroprogesterone in plasma of the pregnant rhesus monkey. Steroids 1974; 23:269-89. [PMID: 4206427 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(74)90157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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185
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Koering MJ, Wolf RC, Meyer RK. Morphological changes in the corpus luteum correlated with progestin levels in the rhesus monkey during early pregnancy. Biol Reprod 1973; 9:254-71. [PMID: 4355822 DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/9.3.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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186
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Koering MJ, Wolf RC, Meyer RK. Morphological and functional evidence for corpus luteum activity during late pregnancy in the rhesus monkey. Endocrinology 1973; 93:686-93. [PMID: 4198472 DOI: 10.1210/endo-93-3-686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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187
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Ward WF, Meyer RK, Wolf RC. DNA synthesis in rat blastocysts x-irradiated during delayed implantation. Radiat Res 1973; 55:189-96. [PMID: 4716892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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188
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Martin DE, Wolf RC, Houser WD. Naturally occurring cholelithiasis in a rhesus monkey and its effects on plasma and biliary lipid concentrations. Am J Vet Res 1973; 34:971-4. [PMID: 4198345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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189
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190
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Ward WF, Meyer RK, Wolf RC. Differential radiosensitivity of rat blastocysts during delayed implantation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1972; 140:797-801. [PMID: 5039378 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-140-36555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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191
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Liskowski L, Wolf RC. Urinary excretion of progesterone metabolites in pregnant rhesus monkeys. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1972; 139:1123-6. [PMID: 4623411 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-139-36312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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192
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Martin DE, Wolf RC, Meyer RK. The effects of pregnancy on biliary lipids in rhesus monkeys. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1972; 139:115-7. [PMID: 4621399 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-139-36091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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193
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Treloar OL, Wolf RC, Meyer RK. Failure of a single neonatal dose of testosterone to alter ovarian function in the Rhesus monkey. Endocrinology 1972; 90:281-4. [PMID: 4621539 DOI: 10.1210/endo-90-1-281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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194
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Rats were exposed to either 300 or 500 röntgen (R) acute whole-body X-irradiation on the 5th day of delayed pregnancy induced by ovariectomy. From 0 to 8 days after irradiation, implantation was induced by the administration of oestrogen. Foetal survival to the 20th day of development was used as an index of radiation effect.
If oestrogen was given immediately after exposure to 300 R, or 12 h later, only 30–35% of the embryos survived, significantly less (P < 0·01) than the non-irradiated control values of 74–79%. When implantation was postponed for 24 h or more, embryonic survival ranged from 57 to 64% and was not significantly different from that of controls.
After exposure to 500 R X-irradiation, embryonic survival increased linearly from 2% to a maximum of 41% as the interval between irradiation and oestrogen administration increased from 0 to 48 h. Embryonic survival never reached control levels after 500 R, regardless of the interval between irradiation and implantation. The irradiation regimens also induced developmental abnormalities, doubled the incidence of dead foetuses (death at a late stage of development), and significantly reduced foetal and placental weights at autopsy.
The results confirm that recovery from potentially lethal X-irradiation damage can occur during delayed implantation, and demonstrate that both the extent and the rate of recovery are functions of the radiation dose.
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Vitale L, Shahidi NT, Kerr GE, Wolf RC, Korst DR, Meyer RK. The role of growth hormone and thyroxine in erythropoietic restoration in hypophysectomized monkeys. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1971; 138:418-21. [PMID: 4107453 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-138-35910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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196
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Martin DE, Wolf RC, Meyer RK. Plasma lipid levels during pregnancy in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1971; 138:638-41. [PMID: 5000785 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-138-35957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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197
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Riesen JW, Meyer RK, Wolf RC. The effect of season on occurrence of ovulation in the rhesus monkey. Biol Reprod 1971; 5:111-4. [PMID: 5000818 DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/5.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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198
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Rigby FL, Karavolas HJ, Norgard DW, Wolf RC. Preparation of steroid heptafluorobutyrates for gas liquid chromatography utilizing vapor phase derivatization. Steroids 1970; 16:703-6. [PMID: 5500918 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(70)80148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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199
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Liskowski L, Wolf RC, Chandler S, Meyer RK. Urinary estrogen excretion in pregnant rhesus monkeys. Biol Reprod 1970; 3:55-60. [PMID: 5000400 DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/3.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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200
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