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Verma S, Kumari V, Yangzom DK, Anamika F, Aggarwal K, Singh B, Jain R. Beyond the Gut: Exploring Cardiovascular Implications of Celiac Disease. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00328. [PMID: 39254530 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that presents with gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal bloating due to the inflammation in the small intestine. It has been associated with various extraintestinal manifestations, including mucocutaneous findings such as dermatitis herpetiformis, anemia, dental enamel defects, osteoporosis, and arthritis. Studies have revealed an increasing association between CD and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia. Chronic inflammation, nutritional deficiencies from malabsorption, endothelial dysfunction, thrombophilic autoantibodies, thrombocytosis, and protein C and S deficiency have been proposed as the probable mechanisms for the association between the 2 conditions. This article aims to provide a review of the pathophysiological mechanism of celiac disease causing various CVDs and to compare and contrast the existing studies suggesting both favorable and unfavorable CVD outcomes in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Verma
- From the Department of medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar
| | - Verkha Kumari
- Department of medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - De-Kee Yangzom
- Department of imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fnu Anamika
- Department of medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanishk Aggarwal
- Department of medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Department of medicine, Icahn School of medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health + Hospital, Queens, NY
| | - Rohit Jain
- Department of medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, PA
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Lee MJ, Jung H, Shin SD, Ro YS, Park JH, Roh YI, Jung WJ, Park JO, Park SM, Kim SC, Shin J, Kim YW, Hong JY, Ryu HH, Kim SJ, Park JH, Kim WY, Lee GT, Oh SB. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for sudden cardiac arrest: A multicenter case-control study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2182-2189. [PMID: 38866622 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin D is known to influence the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is a recognized risk factor for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). However, the relationship between vitamin D and SCA is not well understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between vitamin D and SCA in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients compared to healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the Phase II Cardiac Arrest Pursuit Trial with Unique Registration and Epidemiologic Surveillance (CAPTURES II) registry, a 1:1 propensity score-matched case-control study was conducted between 2017 and 2020. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) levels in patients with OHCA (454 cases) and healthy controls (454 cases) were compared after matching for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and lifestyle behaviors. The mean vitamin D levels were 14.5 ± 7.6 and 21.3 ± 8.3 ng/mL among SCA cases and controls, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle behaviors, corrected serum calcium levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGRF). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for vitamin D was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-0.91). The dose-response relationship demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency was associated with SCA incidence (severe deficiency, aOR 10.87, 95% CI 4.82-24.54; moderate deficiency, aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.20-4.20). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency was independently and strongly associated with an increased risk of SCA, irrespective of cardiovascular and lifestyle factors, corrected calcium levels, and eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Haewon Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Sun Ro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Il Roh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Ju Ok Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jonghwan Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Won Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hak Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gun Tak Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Bum Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Zhang X, Zhao L, Ngo LH, Dillon ST, Gu X, Lai M, Simon TG, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Libermann TA, Zhang X. Prediagnostic plasma proteomics profile for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:1343-1355. [PMID: 38688524 PMCID: PMC11308170 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proteomics may discover pathophysiological changes related to hepatocellular carcinoma, an aggressive and lethal type of cancer with low sensitivity for early stage diagnosis. DESIGN We measured 1305 prediagnostic (median = 12.7 years) SomaScan proteins from 54 pairs of healthy individuals who subsequently developed hepatocellular carcinoma and matched non-hepatocellular carcinoma control individuals from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Candidate proteins were validated in the independent, prospective UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP). RESULTS In NHS and HPFS, we identified 56 elevated proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma with an absolute fold change of more than 1.2 and a Wald test P value less than .05 in conditional logistic regression analysis. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified enrichment of pathways associated with cell viability, adhesion, proteolysis, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Four proteins-chitinase-3-like protein 1, growth differentiation factor 15, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, and E-selectin-showed strong positive associations with hepatocellular carcinoma and were thus validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (odds ratio = 2.48-14.7, all P < .05) in the NHS and HPFS and by Olink platform (hazard ratio = 1.90-3.93, all P < .05) in the UKB-PPP. Adding these 4 proteins to a logistic regression model of traditional hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors increased the area under the curve from 0.67 to 0.87 in the NHS and HPFS. Consistently, model area under the curve was 0.88 for hepatocellular carcinoma risk prediction in the UKB-PPP. CONCLUSION However, the limited number of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the cohorts necessitates caution in interpreting our findings, emphasizing the need for further validation in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Longgang Zhao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Long H Ngo
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon T Dillon
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuesong Gu
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracey G Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Towia A Libermann
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, USA
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Antunes RDA, Souza MDCB, Souza MM, Melo GPS, Melo BML, Mancebo ACA, Conceição FL, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Vitamin D levels in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment: lack of association with embryo quality or pregnancy rates. Fertil Steril 2024:S0015-0282(24)00591-0. [PMID: 38964589 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential impact of vitamin D (VD) serum levels on couples going through in vitro fertilization treatment in terms of embryo quality and pregnancy rates. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING A private human reproduction center. PATIENT(S) A total of 267 couples underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injections between January 2017 and March 2019. INTERVENTION(S) The couples were categorized into four groups on the basis of 25-hydroxy VD (25OHD) levels measured at the beginning of the stimulation protocol: group 1 with 25OHD levels ≥30 ng/mL for both women and men; group 2 with 25OHD levels <30 ng/mL for both; group 3 women with 25OHD levels <30 ng/mL and men with 25OHD levels ≥30 ng/mL; and group 4 with women with 25OHD level ≥30 ng/mL and men with 25OHD level <30 ng/mL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We consider the quantity and quality of embryos during the cleavage as well as blastocyst stages as primary outcomes. Correspondingly, the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was regarded as a secondary outcome. RESULT(S) Our findings revealed no significant correlations between the studied VD groups and the evaluated outcomes. This includes the quantity and quality of embryos during the cleavage and blastocyst stages, as well as the CPR. Primary analysis revealed a small but statistically significant difference in the duration of controlled ovarian stimulation between group 1 and group 2 (95% confidence interval, 0.07-3.04) and between group 1 and group 3 (95% confidence interval, 0.05-3.23). CONCLUSION(S) The present study found no correlation between the studied VD levels and the quantity as well as quality of cleavage or blastocyst stage embryos, nor did it show any impact on CPRs. Further well-designed, prospective studies are warranted to determine whether and how vitamin D affects reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de A Antunes
- Department of Gynecology of the Clementino Fraga Filho Universitary Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Human Reproduction Center, Fertipraxis, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria do C B Souza
- Human Reproduction Center, Fertipraxis, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Souza
- Human Reproduction Center, Fertipraxis, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P S Melo
- Department of Gynecology of the Clementino Fraga Filho Universitary Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brenda M L Melo
- Department of Gynecology of the Clementino Fraga Filho Universitary Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Human Reproduction Center, Fertipraxis, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana C A Mancebo
- Human Reproduction Center, Fertipraxis, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia L Conceição
- Department of Endocrinology of the Clementino Fraga Filho Universitary Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tania M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Translational Endocrinology Lab of the Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Aleksova A, Janjusevic M, Zhou XNO, Zandonà L, Chicco A, Stenner E, Beltrami AP, D'Errico S, Sinagra G, Marketou M, Fluca AL, Zwas DR. Persistence of vitamin D deficiency among Italian patients with acute myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1283-1294. [PMID: 38494368 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin D deficiency is a common cardiovascular risk factor associated with the development of atherosclerosis. We evaluated changes in 25(OH)D concentrations in 1510 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) over a long observation period, including the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were separated into four groups according to the year of enrolment, group 1 (2009-2010), group 2 (2014-2016), group 3 (2017-2019), and group 4 (2020-2022). The median 25(OH)D concentration in the overall cohort was 17.15 (10.3-24.7) ng/mL. The median plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 14.45 (7.73-22.58) ng/mL, 17.3 ng/mL (10.33-24.2), 18.95 (11.6-26.73) ng/mL and 19.05 (12.5-27.3) ng/mL, respectively. Although 25(OH)D levels increased over the years, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remained high in each group (68.4%, 61.4%, 53.8%, and 52% respectively). Hypovitaminosis D was predicted by the season influence (OR:2.03, p < 0.0001), higher body mass index (OR:1.25; p = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR:1.54; p = 0.001), smoking (OR:1.47; p = 0.001), older age (OR:1.07; p = 0.008), higher triglycerides levels (OR:1.02; p = 0.01), and female gender (OR:1.3; p = 0.038). After multivariable adjustment, vitamin D ≤ 20 ng/mL was an independent predictor of mortality. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent and persistent in patients with AMI despite a trend towards increasing 25(OH)D concentrations over the years. The frequent lockdowns did not reduce the levels of 25(OH)D in the fourth group. Low levels of 25(OH)D are an independent predictor of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Aleksova
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Xin Ning Oriana Zhou
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zandonà
- SC Laboratorio Unico, Ospedale Maggiore, ASUGI, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicco
- SC Laboratorio Unico, Ospedale Maggiore, ASUGI, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Stenner
- Department of Diagnostics, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest, 57100 Livorno, Italy
| | | | - Stefano D'Errico
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Marketou
- Heraklion University General Hospital, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Cardiology Department Crete, Greece
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Alissa EM. Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases: A narrative review. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1191-1199. [PMID: 38827691 PMCID: PMC11141959 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1481_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and vitamin D deficiency are becoming highly prevalent among general populations. Despite plausible biological mechanisms for the role of vitamin D in cardio-protection, a cause-and-effect relationship has not yet been established. The interest in vitamin D as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate cardiovascular risk has been raised. The question about the benefit of vitamin D supplementation for cardiovascular outcomes cannot be answered certainly for the moment. The association between hypovitaminosis D and CVD has been proven by some studies while other studies deny any such link. The present narrative review gives a comprehensive overview of studies on the potential impact of hypovitaminosis D on CVD. The potential role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of CVD is also evaluated. Particular emphasis is paid to those studies that achieve a high level of scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mokbel Alissa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Nardin M, Verdoia M, Nardin S, Cao D, Chiarito M, Kedhi E, Galasso G, Condorelli G, De Luca G. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and Outcomes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:768. [PMID: 38672124 PMCID: PMC11048686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is rightly recognized as an essential key factor in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, affecting primary adequate bone mineralization. In the last decades, a more complex and wider role of vitamin D has been postulated and demonstrated. Cardiovascular diseases have been found to be strongly related to vitamin D levels, especially to its deficiency. Pre-clinical studies have suggested a direct role of vitamin D in the regulation of several pathophysiological pathways, such as endothelial dysfunction and platelet aggregation; moreover, observational data have confirmed the relationship with different conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and hypertension. Despite the significant evidence available so far, most clinical trials have failed to prove any positive impact of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular outcomes. This discrepancy indicates the need for further information and knowledge about vitamin D metabolism and its effect on the cardiovascular system, in order to identify those patients who would benefit from vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Nardin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Verdoia
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, 13875 Biella, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Nardin
- U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Humanitas Gavazzeni Hospital, 24125 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Mauro Chiarito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elvin Kedhi
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, AOU “Policlinico G. Martino”, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Hospital Galeazzi-Sant’Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Milazzo V, Cosentino N, Trombara F, Marenzi G. Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:68-91. [PMID: 38777418 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D has an established role in calcium homeostasis but its deficiency is emerging also as a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In particular, several epidemiological and clinical studies have reported a close association between low vitamin D levels and several cardiovascular risk factors and major CVDs, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. In all these clinical settings, vitamin D deficiency seems to predispose to increased morbidity, mortality, and recurrent cardiovascular events. Despite this growing evidence, interventional trials with supplementation of vitamin D in patients at risk of or with established CVD are still controversial. In this chapter, we summarize the currently available evidence on the links between vitamin D deficiency and major cardiovascular risk factors and CVD, in terms of both clinical relevance and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Milazzo
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Cosentino
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Trombara
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marenzi
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy.
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Albai O, Braha A, Timar B, Golu I, Timar R. Vitamin D-A New Therapeutic Target in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1390. [PMID: 38592202 PMCID: PMC10931811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM). The present research aimed to study the impact of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level on the health status of patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) hospitalized in the "Pius Brînzeu" Emergency Clinical County University Hospital in Timisoara, Romania. Methods: The study retrospectively included 160 patients with T2DM who were clinically and biologically evaluated during hospitalization. Results: 13.1% of patients had optimal, 23.1% insufficient, and 63.8% deficient 25(OH)D values. Patients with 25(OH)D deficiency presented poorer glycemic control and were older, with higher weight, but had altered renal function, anemia, and lower iron values. Also, patients with associated neoplasia, diabetic neuropathy, cardiovascular disease (CVD), dementia, and grade 3 arterial hypertension (HTN) had lower values of 25(OH)D. An age > 55 years (sensitivity 69.9, specificity 82.5, AUROC 0.786, p < 0.001) and an HbA1c > 7.7% (sensitivity 89.3, specificity 92.9, AUROC 0.938, p < 0.001) predict 25(OH)D deficiency in T2DM patients. Conclusions: Vitamin D influences almost every system and organ in the body, so it should be a routine test for all patients with DM to correct the deficiency and prevent other diseases and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Albai
- Department of Second Internal Medicine—Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, and Systemic Rheumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.A.); (B.T.); (R.T.)
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Pius Brînzeu” Emergency Clinical County University Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease/MOL-NEPHRO-VASC, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adina Braha
- Department of Second Internal Medicine—Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, and Systemic Rheumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.A.); (B.T.); (R.T.)
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Pius Brînzeu” Emergency Clinical County University Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Department of Second Internal Medicine—Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, and Systemic Rheumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.A.); (B.T.); (R.T.)
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Pius Brînzeu” Emergency Clinical County University Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease/MOL-NEPHRO-VASC, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Golu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Romulus Timar
- Department of Second Internal Medicine—Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, and Systemic Rheumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.A.); (B.T.); (R.T.)
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Pius Brînzeu” Emergency Clinical County University Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease/MOL-NEPHRO-VASC, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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10
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Yin T, Zhu X, He Z, Bai H, Shen C, Li R, Wang B. The causal relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum lipids levels: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287125. [PMID: 38354201 PMCID: PMC10866529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum vitamin D levels were linked to lipid metabolism in observational studies, but the exact mechanism was unclear. Several studies have attempted to decipher the relationship between 25(OH)D and lipid levels. Conventional observational studies are vulnerable to confounding. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis can better control for confounding factors and reverse causality, allowing for the inference of causal association. We, therefore, sought to use MR to investigate the possible causal relationship between 25(OH)D and blood lipid levels (HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol). A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed on data primarily from European ancestors. In addition, the potential causal effect of lipids on 25(OH)D was assessed by regressor-based multivariate magnetic resonance (MVMR). The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to 25(OH)D were selected from a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) database named IEU GWAS, and the SNPs associated with the four blood lipids were chosen from UK Biobank (UKB) lipid GWAS. When blood lipids were the outcome, the results of bidirectional two-sample MR demonstrated that 25(OH)D exhibited a negative causal association with TG, TC, and LDL-C: β = - 0.23, 95% CI = -0.28 to -0.19, P<0.001; β = - 0.16, 95% CI: - 0.30 to-0.03, P < 0.05; β = - 0.11, 95% CI: - 0.23 to 0, P < 0.05. There was no causal relationship between 25(OH)D and HDL-C (β = 0.05, 95% CI: - 0.11 to 0.20, P = 0.56). When setting blood lipids as exposure, TG and 25(OH)D, β = -0.13, 95% CI: - 0.15 to -0.10, P < 0.05; TC and 25(OH)D, β = -0.11, 95% CI: - 0.15 to -0.07, P < 0.05; HDL-C and 25(OH)D, β = 0.02, 95% CI: 0 to 0.03, P = 0.07; LDL-C and 25(OH)D, β = -0.08, 95% CI: - 0.11 to -0.05, P < 0.05). Our MVMR study also showed a significant relationship between genetically determined lipid traits and 25(OH)D levels (TG and 25(OH)D, P < 0.05; TC and 25(OH)D, P < 0.05). In all MR analyses, there was no horizontal pleiotropy (all P > 0.05), or statistical heterogeneity. The "Leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of our results. MR Studies have shown a bidirectional causal relationship between genetically-determined 25(OH)D levels and serum TG and TC levels. The findings have potential implications for etiological understanding and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiu Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiliang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hexiang Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenye Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Van Mulders L, Locquet L, Kaandorp C, Janssens GPJ. An overview of nutritional factors in the aetiopathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis in great apes. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38343129 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The main cause of mortality in great apes in zoological settings is cardiovascular disease (CVD), affecting all four taxa: chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bonobo (Pan paniscus), gorilla (Gorilla spp.) and orangutan (Pongo spp.). Myocardial fibrosis, the most typical histological characterisation of CVD in great apes, is non-specific, making it challenging to understand the aetiopathogenesis. A multifactorial origin of disease is assumed whereby many potential causative factors are directly or indirectly related to the diet, which in wild-living great apes mainly consists of high-fibre, low-carbohydrate and very low-sodium components. Diets of great apes housed in zoological settings are often different compared with the situation in the wild. Moreover, low circulating vitamin D levels have recently been recognised in great apes housed in more northern regions. Evaluation of current supplementation guidelines shows that, despite implementation of different dietary strategies, animals stay vitamin D insufficient. Therefore, recent hypotheses designate vitamin D deficiency as a potential underlying factor in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis. The aim of this literature review is to: (i) examine important differences in nutritional factors between zoological and wild great ape populations; (ii) explain the potential detrimental effects of the highlighted dietary discrepancies on cardiovascular function in great apes; and (iii) elucidate specific nutrition-related pathophysiological mechanisms that may underlie the development of myocardial fibrosis. This information may contribute to understanding the aetiopathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis in great apes and pave the way for future clinical studies and a more preventive approach to great ape CVD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Van Mulders
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (KMDA), Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Laurent Locquet
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Notingham, Nottingham, UK
- Dick White Referrals, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Christine Kaandorp
- Safari Park Beekse Bergen, Hilvarenbeek, The Netherlands
- Gaia zoo, Kerkrade, The Netherlands
- Zooparc Overloon, Overloon, The Netherlands
- Dierenrijk, Mierlo, The Netherlands
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12
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Mattumpuram J, Maniya MT, Faruqui SK, Ahmed A, Jaiswal V, Harshakumar SP. Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Outcomes With Vitamin D Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102119. [PMID: 37802169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D supplementation has seen a sharp increase in the primary healthcare setting but its efficacy in decreasing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events is yet to be reliably established. We aim to determine whether vitamin D supplementation can significantly impact the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. An extensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL was conducted from inception till August 2023 to include all the articles comparing vitamin D and placebo. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes were presented as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and pooled using a random effects model. Thirty-six trials consisting of 493,389 participants were included in our analysis. Our pooled analysis demonstrated no significant difference between vitamin D supplementation and placebo for the risk of cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.94-1.08; P = 0.80), stroke or cerebrovascular events (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.95-1.11; P = 0.48), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91-1.06; P = 0.65), cerebrovascular mortality (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.68-1.46; P = 0.99), arrhythmias (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.66-1.44; P = 0.90) and hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke. There was no significant heterogeneity between the studies in any analysis. There was no significant difference in the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes with vitamin D supplementation or placebo. Additional large high-powered studies focused on high-risk and vitamin D-deficient populations are required to resolve the current discrepancy in the literature and provide a definitive conclusion to this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishanth Mattumpuram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | | | | | - Aymen Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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13
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Liu J, Tian C, Tang Y, Geng B. Associations of the serum vitamin D with mortality in postmenopausal women. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:211-217. [PMID: 38086258 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current evidence on the association of serum vitamin D with mortality in postmenopausal women is limited and inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between serum vitamin D and mortality in postmenopausal women. METHODS In this study, we used data from the NHANES (2001-2018) and conducted a multivariate Cox regression model to examine associations between serum vitamin D and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality (CVD), and cancer mortality. RESULTS In a median follow-up period of 8.3 years, 1905 deaths of all causes were reported, 601 were due to CVD, and 385 deaths were due to cancer. After multivariable adjustment, higher serum vitamin D levels were significantly associated with a reduced risk of death. Compared to participants with lower vitamin D levels (<25 nmol/L), those with higher vitamin D levels (≥75.0 nmol/L) had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.60, 95 % confidence interval 0.49 to 0.74), a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (0.51, 0.35 to 0.74), and a lower risk of cancer mortality (0.43, 0.28 to 0.67). Moreover, we observed an L-shaped dose-response relationship of serum vitamin D levels with all-cause mortality, and cancer mortality, with this inflexion point being 55.9 nmol/L, and 51.2 nmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of serum vitamin D substantially correlated with a reduction in mortality risk from all-cause, CVD, and cancer in postmenopausal women. These results imply that upholding adequate vitamin D levels may help prevent premature death in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cong Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuchen Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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14
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Upadhyay PK, Thakur N, Vishwakarma VK, Srivastav RK, Ansari TM. Role of Vitamin D in Management of Diabetes and Unresolved Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e010923220647. [PMID: 37680158 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230901151019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a widely recognized global health issue. Serum values of 25-(OH) vitamin D (<20 ng/ml) are used to identify vitamin D deficiency. By prompting vascular endothelial cells to activate their nuclear receptor in cardio-myocytes, Vitamin D regulates obesity, Renin-angiotensin system (RAS), energy consumption, and pancreatic cell function. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with diabetes, asthma, hyperlipidaemia, and pulmonary hypertension in humans. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar databases were utilised to search the literature on vitamin D and related diseases. RESULT It is also linked to an elevated risk of death and heart disease. On the other hand, metaanalyses of vitamin D intervention and trials have found no substantial changes in insulin sensitivity, lipid markers, or blood pressure, which result in the association between deficiency of vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION In this review, we present the most recent research on the effects of Vitamin D therapy on various cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and explain the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Navneet Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ritesh Kumar Srivastav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, Sultanpur 228119, India
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15
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Rasouli MA, Darvishzadehdaledari S, Alizadeh Z, Moradi G, Gholami F, Mahmoudian A. Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 134000 Individuals in 29 Randomized Clinical Trials and 157000 Individuals in 30 Prospective Cohort Studies: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Res Health Sci 2023; 23:e00594. [PMID: 38315909 PMCID: PMC10843321 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the findings from observational studies and clinical trials assessing the effect of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are still contradictory results. This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplements on CVDs considering cohort studies and clinical trials. Study Design: A systematic review. METHODS MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were reviewed by two reviewers independently until 2022. The study effect is risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) according to Mantel Haenszel's random-effects model. Then, Stata version 14 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In clinical trial studies, the incidence of CVDs among the vitamin D-consuming group was not significantly different from that in the placebo group (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.95-1.03; P=0.77; I 2=0%). CVD mortality was also not significantly different between the two groups (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90-1.05; P=0.72; I2=0%). In cohort studies, circulating 25 (OH) D increased the risk of CVD incidence by 31% (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.19-1.45) and CVD mortality by 37% (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.61). CONCLUSION According to current evidence from clinical trials, vitamin D supplementation should not be recommended for CVD prevention. However, there is a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of CVDs as well as its mortality. According to the results of clinical trial studies carrying higher levels of scientific evidence, it can be concluded that vitamin D supplementation does not exert a significant effect on the incidence, mortality, and reduction of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aziz Rasouli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Zeynab Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ako Mahmoudian
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Vatanparast H, Lane G, Islam N, Patil RP, Shafiee M, Whiting SJ. Comparative Analysis of Dietary and Supplemental Intake of Calcium and Vitamin D among Canadian Older Adults with Heart Disease and/or Osteoporosis in 2004 and 2015. Nutrients 2023; 15:5066. [PMID: 38140325 PMCID: PMC10745417 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the role of calcium and vitamin D in osteoporosis and heart disease, little research has examined changes in the intake of calcium and vitamin D among individuals with these conditions over time. Using data from the 2004 and 2015 Canadian Community Health Surveys, we investigated changes in dietary and supplemental intake of calcium and vitamin D among Canadian older adults aged ≥ 50 years, both with and without heart disease and/or osteoporosis, between 2004 and 2015. Notable declines in dietary calcium intake occurred, particularly among non-supplement users. Surprisingly, individuals with osteoporosis and heart disease, who are at higher nutritional risk, were less likely to use calcium supplements in 2015 compared to 2004. Among calcium supplement users, those with osteoporosis or both conditions experienced significant reductions in their usual calcium intake in 2015, with an increased proportion failing to meet recommended intake levels. Conversely, vitamin D supplement users experienced a substantial rise in vitamin D intake in 2015. In 2015, only a small proportion of supplement users did not meet the recommended vitamin D intake levels. These findings underscore the importance of public health initiatives to facilitate safe increases in calcium and vitamin D intake for older adults, particularly those with heart disease and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (N.I.); (R.P.P.); (M.S.); (S.J.W.)
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
| | - Ginny Lane
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA;
| | - Naorin Islam
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (N.I.); (R.P.P.); (M.S.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Rashmi Prakash Patil
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (N.I.); (R.P.P.); (M.S.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (N.I.); (R.P.P.); (M.S.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Susan J. Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (N.I.); (R.P.P.); (M.S.); (S.J.W.)
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17
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Algowhary M, Farouk A, El-Deek HEM, Hosny G, Ahmed A, Abdelzaher LA, Saleem TH. Relationship between vitamin D and coronary artery disease in Egyptian patients. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:92. [PMID: 37943388 PMCID: PMC10635996 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported conflicting results about the association of vitamin D (VD) level with coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to study the association of VD with atherosclerotic CAD in Egyptian individuals. RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 188 consecutive CAD patients with a median age of 55(50-62) years; 151(80.3%) were male. All patients were diagnosed by cardiac catheterization and were compared with 131 healthy controls. VD levels were measured in serum samples of all participants. Compared to controls, CAD patients had a significantly lower median VD level, 14.65 (9.25-21.45) versus 42.0 (32.0-53.0) ng/mL, p < 0.001. VD was correlated with the number of diseased coronary arteries and lipid profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, p < 0.001 for each). By multivariate analyses, VD was an independent predictor of CAD [OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.07-1.4), p = 0.003, optimal cut-off value 30 ng/mL (AUC 0.92, sensitivity 81% and specificity 81.4%), p < 0.001], and the number of diseased coronary arteries, p < 0.001, especially three-vessel disease [OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.72-0.95), p = 0.008]. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that low VD should be considered a non-traditional risk factor for CAD in Egyptian individuals. Low VD was correlated with coronary atherosclerosis, especially in patients with multivessel effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy Algowhary
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Assiut University Heart Hospital, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Farouk
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Assiut University Heart Hospital, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Heba E M El-Deek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Ghada Hosny
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ahmed
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Tahia H Saleem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
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18
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Haider F, Ghafoor H, Hassan OF, Farooqui K, Bel Khair AOM, Shoaib F. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update. Cureus 2023; 15:e49734. [PMID: 38161941 PMCID: PMC10757591 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a vital nutrient that plays a significant part in several physiological processes within the human body, including calcium metabolism, bone health, immune function, and cell growth and differentiation. It is obtained mainly through exposure to sunlight but can be acquired from certain foods and supplements as well. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) could be the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart disease and stroke. In blood vitamin D low levels have been linked with an enhanced risk of developing CVDs. However, it is unclear whether vitamin D levels are the leading cause or consequence of these conditions. While some studies highlight that taking vitamin D supplements could decrease the risk of CVD; however, more research is required to better understand the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular health. In this review, we aimed to summarize the currently available evidence supporting the association between vitamin D and CVDs and anesthesia considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrookh Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine/Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Hashsaam Ghafoor
- Department of Anesthesia, Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Omar F Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
| | - Khalid Farooqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
| | | | - Faryal Shoaib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shifa International Hospitals, Islamabad, PAK
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19
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Stoica AB, Mărginean C. The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Infants' Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:4379. [PMID: 37892454 PMCID: PMC10609616 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in bone health and musculoskeletal development. The aim of this narrative review is to present up-to-date information about the impact of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on the health status of infants in their first year of life. Vitamin D is indispensable for skeletal growth and bone health, and emerging research suggests that it may also have significant roles in maternal and fetal health. VDD affects a large proportion of infants according to current guidelines. However, its prevalence varies depending on geographic location, skin pigmentation, and the time of year. Based on current guidelines for normal vitamin D levels and recommended daily intake, studies suggest that VDD is a global health issue with potentially significant implications for those at risk, especially infants. Our understanding of the role of vitamin D has improved significantly in the last few decades. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the effect of vitamin D on preterm birth, low birth weight, anthropometric parameters, and health outcomes such as infectious diseases in infants, have found conflicting or inconsistent results. It is important to encourage further research to fill in these knowledge gaps and develop national or global strategies that ease the burden of VDD, especially in groups at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Bianca Stoica
- Doctoral School of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Claudiu Mărginean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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20
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Nardin M, Verdoia M, Cao D, Nardin S, Kedhi E, Galasso G, van ‘t Hof AWJ, Condorelli G, De Luca G. Platelets and the Atherosclerotic Process: An Overview of New Markers of Platelet Activation and Reactivity, and Their Implications in Primary and Secondary Prevention. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6074. [PMID: 37763014 PMCID: PMC10531614 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The key role played by platelets in the atherosclerosis physiopathology, especially in the acute setting, is ascertained: they are the main actors during thrombus formation and, thus, one of the major investigated elements related to atherothrombotic process involving coronary arteries. Platelets have been studied from different points of view, according with the technology advances and the improvement in the hemostasis knowledge achieved in the last years. Morphology and reactivity constitute the first aspects investigated related to platelets with a significant body of evidence published linking a number of their values and markers to coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events. Recently, the impact of genetics on platelet activation has been explored with promising findings as additional instrument for patient risk stratification; however, this deserves further confirmations. Moreover, the interplay between immune system and platelets has been partially elucidated in the last years, providing intriguing elements that will be basic components for future research to better understand platelet regulation and improve cardiovascular outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Nardin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Third Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Verdoia
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, 13875 Biella, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Humanitas Gavazzeni Hospital, 24125 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Simone Nardin
- U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Elvin Kedhi
- Division of Cardiology, Hopital Erasmus, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ruggi D’Aragona, Università di Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Arnoud W. J. van ‘t Hof
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, 6419 PC Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, AOU “Policlinico G. Martino”, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Hospital Galeazzi-Sant’Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy
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21
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Jayawardana P, Liyanage G. Vitamin D level and bone profile among 1- to 5-year-old children in Galle municipality and Bope-Poddala areas in Sri Lanka. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231195997. [PMID: 37655306 PMCID: PMC10467241 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231195997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Identify the incidence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency/vitamin D insufficiency in children aged 1-5 years. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among children between the ages of 1 and 5 in the Bope-Poddala and Galle municipality areas. The sample was obtained by cluster sampling method. Data on socio-demography, pregnancy, sun exposure, and diet were obtained. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured and the cutoff value was determined as per the global consensus in 2016. Results Among 100 children, the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 86.4 nmol/L (24.06 ng/mL). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency was 7% and 28%, respectively. Birth weight and sunlight exposure were significantly different among vitamin D deficiency/vitamin D insufficiency and sufficient groups. Both were found to be risk factors for vitamin D deficiency/vitamin D insufficiency in logistic regression. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency/vitamin D insufficiency is significant among children aged 1-5 years and decreased sun exposure and low birth weight are the main risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpika Jayawardana
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Gayani Liyanage
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
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22
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Kandambeth V, Nagrale P, Daigavane S. Estimation of Vitamin D Levels in Patients With Retinal Vein Occlusions and a Comparison With Age-Matched Control Groups. Cureus 2023; 15:e38909. [PMID: 37313088 PMCID: PMC10259691 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the older population, retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major contributor to vision loss and blindness. RVO is the second most common form of retinal vascular disease, following diabetic retinopathy. On the other hand, there is a paucity of studies on vitamin D insufficiency and its influence on the causation of RVOs. The goal of this study is to demonstrate a link between vitamin D levels of individuals in rural India who have RVOs. Methods This study is a hospital-based prospective case-control study. All patients aged 18 years and above with RVO visiting the ophthalmology outpatient department at a tertiary care facility in central India and all controls in the same age group were chosen for the study after taking into consideration inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fasting for 12 hours prior to blood sample collection was required of all participants. The total vitamin D concentration in the serum was determined using tandem mass spectrometry after it had been frozen at 20°C. For this study, vitamin D levels were collected from 70 participants. Results The average age is 60, with a standard variation of 10 for both cases and controls. There is a 49% prevalence of central RVO (CRVO), 34% prevalence of inferotemporal branched RVO (IT BRVO), and 17% prevalence of superotemporal BRVO (ST BRVO). Twenty percent of the 35 patients were deficient in vitamin D, and 80% had insufficient levels. No case patient had vitamin D levels within the normal range. No one with vitamin D insufficiency was found among the 35 controls. Twenty-five percent of the patients had adequate vitamin D levels, but only 28.6% of the controls did. The p-value of 0.01 indicates a remarkable difference in vitamin D levels between the diagnosed cases and controls. Cases had mean vitamin D levels of 21.408 +/- 4.947 ng/dl, while controls had mean levels of 37.808 +/- 11.799 ng/dl. Vitamin D levels did not differ significantly across RVO subtypes. The study also shows the association of RVO with hypertension (HTN) and dyslipidemia as the p-value was noted to be significant (p = 0.0147 < p = 0.05) for HTN with an odds ratio of 3.43 (CI, 1.25-9.4) and was significant (p = 0.0404 < p = 0.05) for dyslipidemia with an odds ratio of 4.87 (CI, 0.96-24.97). Diabetes, smoking, hyperhomocysteinemia, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular accident are all well-known risk factors, but we found no evidence associating them together. Conclusion Vitamin D proved to be an important risk factor in the causation of RVOs. Other risk factors like HTN and dyslipidemia also showed significant relation in the study. Vitamin D levels should be advised as a routine investigation in patients who are diagnosed with RVOs along with screening for other risk factors. Vitamin D supplementation should be given as prophylaxis in cases of deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Kandambeth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prachee Nagrale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sachin Daigavane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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23
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Della Nera G, Sabatino L, Gaggini M, Gorini F, Vassalle C. Vitamin D Determinants, Status, and Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory-Related Effects in Cardiovascular Risk and Disease: Not the Last Word in the Controversy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040948. [PMID: 37107323 PMCID: PMC10135791 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond its key role in calcium homeostasis, vitamin D has been found to significantly affect the cardiovascular (CV) system. In fact, low vitamin D levels have been associated with increased CV risk, as well as increased CV morbidity and mortality. The majority of effects of this molecule are related directly or indirectly to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Generally, vitamin D insufficiency is considered for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels between 21-29 ng/mL (corresponding to 52.5-72.5 nmol/L), deficiency as 25(OH)D levels less than 20 ng/mL (<50 nmol/L), and extreme deficiency as 25(OH)D less than 10 ng/mL (<25 nmol/L). However, the definition of an optimal vitamin D status, as defined by 25(OH)D, remains controversial for many extra-bone conditions, including CV disease. In this review, confounding factors affecting the 25(OH)D measurement and status will be discussed. In particular, available evidence on the mechanism and role of vitamin D in relation to CV risk and disease through its antioxidant effect will be reported, also facing the aspect regarding the debate on the minimum blood 25(OH)D level required to ensure optimal CV health.
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24
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Yntema T, Koonen DPY, Kuipers F. Emerging Roles of Gut Microbial Modulation of Bile Acid Composition in the Etiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081850. [PMID: 37111068 PMCID: PMC10141989 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in preventive measures and treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death globally. Recent research has challenged the traditional risk factor profile and highlights the potential contribution of non-traditional factors in CVD, such as the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Disturbances in the gut microbiota have been repeatedly associated with CVD, including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Mechanistic studies support a causal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in disease development, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and bile acids, with the latter being elaborately discussed in this review. Bile acids represent a class of cholesterol derivatives that is essential for intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, plays an important role in cholesterol turnover and, as more recently discovered, acts as a group of signaling molecules that exerts hormonal functions throughout the body. Studies have shown mediating roles of bile acids in the control of lipid metabolism, immunity, and heart function. Consequently, a picture has emerged of bile acids acting as integrators and modulators of cardiometabolic pathways, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in CVD. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism found in CVD patients, describe the molecular mechanisms through which bile acids may modulate CVD risk, and discuss potential bile-acid-based treatment strategies in relation to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Yntema
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Aguilar M, Muñoz-Aguirre P, Cortés-Valencia A, Flores-Torres MH, Catzin-Kuhlmann A, López-Ridaura R, Lajous M, Rodriguez BL, Cantú-Brito C, Denova-Gutiérrez E. Sun Exposure and Intima-Media Thickness in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:366-374. [PMID: 36795998 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether long-term sun exposure has a protective role in subclinical cardiovascular disease in adult Mexican women. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC) study. Sun exposure was assessed in the MTC 2008 baseline questionnaire, in which women were asked about their sun-related behavior. Vascular neurologists measured carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using standard techniques. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the difference in mean IMT and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), according to categories of sun exposure and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs for carotid atherosclerosis. Results: The mean age of participants was 49.6 ± 5.5 years, the mean IMT was 0.678 ± 0.097 mm, and the mean accumulated hours of weekly sun exposure were 2.9 ± 1.9. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was 20.9%. Compared with women in the lowest quartile of sun exposure, women in the highest quartile had lower mean IMT, but this was not significant in the multivariable adjusted analysis. (Adjusted mean % difference: -0.8; 95% CI: -2.3 to 0.8). The multivariate adjusted ORs of carotid atherosclerosis were 0.54 (95% CI: 0.24-1.18) for women who were exposed 9 hours. For women who denied regular sunscreen use, those in the higher exposure category (9 hours) had lower mean IMT compared with those in the lower category (multivariable-adjusted mean % difference = -2.67; 95% CI: -6.9 to -1.5). Conclusions: We observed that cumulative sun exposure was inversely associated with IMT and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. If these findings are further replicated and seen for other cardiovascular outcomes, sun exposure could be an easy, affordable strategy to lower overall cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Aguilar
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre
- CONACYT-Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Adrian Cortés-Valencia
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mario H Flores-Torres
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Andrés Catzin-Kuhlmann
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruy López-Ridaura
- Dirección General, Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martin Lajous
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beatriz L Rodriguez
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.,Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cantú-Brito
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Department of Healthy Environments and Chronic Disease Prevention, Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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26
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Shah S, Vishwakarma VK, Arava SK, Mridha AR, Yadav RK, Seth S, Bhatia J, Hote MP, Arya DS, Yadav HN. Differential effect of basal vitamin D status in monocrotaline induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in normal and vitamin D deficient rats: Possible involvement of eNOS/TGF-β/α-SMA signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109246. [PMID: 36496061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is common and linked to poor prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We investigated the differential effect of basal vitamin D levels in monocrotaline (MCT) induced PAH in normal and vitamin D deficient (VDD) rats. Rats were fed a VDD diet and exposed to filtered fluorescent light to deplete vitamin D. Normal rats were pretreated with vitamin D 100 IU/d and treated with vitamin D 100 and 200 IU/d, while VDD rats received vitamin D 100 IU/d. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) silencing was done in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using VDR siRNA. Calcitriol (50 nM/mL) was added to human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) and HUVECs before and after the exposure to TGF-β (10 ng/mL). Vitamin D 100 IU/d pretreatment in normal rats up-regulated the expression of eNOS and inhibited endothelial to mesenchymal transition significantly and maximally. Vitamin D 100 IU/d treatment in VDD rats was comparable to vitamin D 200 IU/d treated normal rats. These effects were significantly attenuated by L-NAME (20 mg/kg), a potent eNOS inhibitor. Exposure to TGF- β significantly reduced the expression of eNOS and increased the mesenchymal marker expression in normal and VDR-silenced HUVECs and HPASMCs, which were averted by treatment and maximally inhibited by pretreatment with calcitriol (50 nM). To conclude, this study provided novel evidence suggesting the beneficial role of higher basal vitamin D levels, which are inversely linked with PAH severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Seth
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Milind P Hote
- Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harlokesh Narayan Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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27
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Javadzadegan H, Separham A, Farokhi A, Applegate C, Nader ND. The critically low levels of vitamin D predicts the resolution of the ST-segment elevation after the primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:40-46. [PMID: 35816150 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.2015144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of vitamin D2 on the resolution of ST-segment elevation (STE) after a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as serum levels of vitamin D have been associated with the severity of coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients who underwent PCI for STEMI were screened for enrolment. Vitamin D2 levels were measured on admission along with other biochemical and haematologic assays. The electrocardiography (ECG) was recorded upon arrival and 60 min after the completion of PCI. The primary endpoint of the study was a ≥ 50% resolution of ST-segment amplitude (+STR) when compared to the initial ECG. A logistic regression multivariate analysis was performed to examine the association of STR with all confounding variables, including the admission levels of vitamin D. Receiver-operator characteristics analysis was used to determine the cut-off value of vitamin D that was predictive of STR. Although there was no difference in STR based on standard classification of vitamin D sufficiency, critically low levels of vitamin D (<7.5 ng/mL) were significantly associated with the absence of STR after PCI (AUC was 0.65 ± 0.07; p < 0.001). Critical vitamin D deficiency was a moderate predictor of STR in these patients, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 54%. CONCLUSION We concluded that although levels below ten ng/mL were generally accepted as vitamin D deficiency, only critically low levels of this vitamin (<7.5 ng/dL) reliably predicted the resolution of ST-segment after a primary PCI for patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Javadzadegan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Separham
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aidin Farokhi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Camille Applegate
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nader D Nader
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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28
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Zarzour F, Didi A, Almohaya M, Kendler D. Cardiovascular Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements: A Narrative Review. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:56-68. [PMID: 36792577 PMCID: PMC10008654 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium and vitamin D play an important role in mineral homeostasis and the maintenance of skeletal health. Calcium and vitamin D supplements have been widely used for fracture prevention in elderly populations. Many trials have studied the effectiveness and cardiovascular safety of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, with disparate results. In this review, we summarize the most important trials and systematic reviews. There is significant heterogeneity in clinical trial design, differences in the nature of trial outcomes (self-reported vs. verified), prior calcium intake, and trial size. Inconsistent results have been reported concerning the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes. Most current guidelines recommend calcium intake of up to 1,200 mg daily, preferably from the diet, without concern for cardiovascular risk. Recommendations regarding vitamin D supplementation vary widely. There is compelling evidence from well-conducted randomized trials that modest vitamin D supplementation is safe but does not confer cardiovascular benefit or cardiovascular harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zarzour
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ahmad Didi
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - David Kendler
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Corresponding author: David Kendler Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 150-943 West Broadway, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E1, Canada Tel: +1-604-263-3661, Fax: +1-604-263-3744 E-mail:
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29
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Aerobic Exercise Ameliorates Myocardial Fibrosis via Affecting Vitamin D Receptor and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling in Vitamin D-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030741. [PMID: 36771445 PMCID: PMC9919278 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a pathological phenomenon associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) that plays a crucial role in the development of heart diseases. Vitamin D deficiency can promote the development of CVD and exercise plays a role in the treatment of CVD. This study aimed to explore the effects of 12-week aerobic exercise training on myocardial fibrosis in vitamin D-deficient mice. A vitamin D-deficient mouse model was induced by a vitamin D-deficient (0 IU Vitamin D3/kg) diet. Twenty-four C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control sedentary group (CONS, n = 8), a vitamin D-deficient sedentary group (VDDS, n = 8), and a vitamin D-deficient exercise group (VDDE, n = 8) which was aerobically trained for 12 weeks. The results showed that the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of the VDDS group were <50 nmol/L, which was significantly lower than that of the CONS group. Compared with the CONS group, the VDDS group showed cardiac dysfunction and significant fibrosis, together with lower vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA and protein expression levels, higher mRNA expression levels of profibrotic and inflammatory factors, and higher transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and phospho-Smad2/3 (P-Smad2/3) protein expression levels. Serum 25(OH)D levels in the VDDE group were significantly higher than those in the VDDS group. Compared with the VDDS group, the VDDE group showed improved cardiac function and alleviated myocardial fibrosis. Meanwhile, the VDDE group had significantly higher VDR mRNA and protein expression levels; lower mRNA expression levels of profibrotic and inflammatory factors; and lower TGF-β1 and P-Smad2/3 protein expression levels. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training remains a promising intervention for treating myocardial fibrosis in vitamin D deficiency.
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25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D and Risk of Recurrent Stroke: A Dose Response Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030512. [PMID: 36771220 PMCID: PMC9921019 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke recurrence significantly improves the prognosis quoad vitam et valetudinem of patients with a first ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke. Other than in bone and skeletal metabolism, vitamin D is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between 25OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels at the first stroke and the stroke recurrence. To 31 July 2022, four prospective studies were identified. The potential non-linear relationship was evaluated by modelling 25(OH)D, using restricted cubic splines of 25(OH)D distribution. The pooled estimated risk (and 95% CI) of the recurrence of stroke, comparing the highest and the lowest levels, was assessed using a random-effect model. A non-linear association was found by dose-response analysis. This study found that 25(OH)D levels at the first stroke ≥9.3 ng/mL were associated with a lower risk of stroke recurrence, compared with 25(OH)D levels ≤8.5 ng/mL. In the pooled analysis, higher 25(OH)D levels at the first stroke significantly reduce the risk of stroke recurrence, with a significant heterogeneity among studies. In conclusion, 25(OH)D levels ≤8.5 ng/mL at the first stroke are significantly associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke.
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31
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Abouzid M, Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Abdelazeem B, Brašić JR. Research Trends of Vitamin D Metabolism Gene Polymorphisms Based on a Bibliometric Investigation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:215. [PMID: 36672957 PMCID: PMC9859253 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D requires activation to show its pharmacological effect. While most studies investigate the association between vitamin D and disease, only a few focus on the impact of vitamin D metabolism gene polymorphisms (vitDMGPs). This bibliometric study aims to provide an overview of current publications on vitDMGPs (CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP2R1, DHCR7/NADSYN1), compare them across countries, affiliations, and journals, and inspect keywords, co-citations, and citation bursts to identify trends in this research field. CiteSpace© (version 6.1.R3, Chaomei Chen), Bibliometrix© (R version 4.1.3 library, K-Synth Srl, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy), VOSviewer© (version 1.6.1, Nees Jan van Eck and Ludo Waltman, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands) and Microsoft® Excel 365 (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington, USA) classified and summarized Web of Science articles from 1998 to November 2022. We analyzed 2496 articles and built a timeline of co-citations and a bibliometric keywords co-occurrence map. The annual growth rate of vitDMGPs publications was 18.68%, and their relative research interest and published papers were increasing. The United States of America leads vitDMGPs research. The University of California System attained the highest quality of vitDMGPs research, followed by the American National Institutes of Health and Harvard University. The three productive journals on vitDMGPs papers are J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol., PLOS ONE, and J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. We highlighted that the vitDMGPs domain is relatively new, and many novel research opportunities are available, especially those related to studying single nucleotide polymorphisms or markers in a specific gene in the vitamin D metabolism cycle and their association with disease. Genome-wide association studies, genetic variants of vitDMGPs, and vitamin D and its role in cancer risk were the most popular studies. CYP24A1 and CYB27A1 were the most-studied genes in vitDMGPs. Insulin was the longest-trending studied hormone associated with vitDMGPs. Trending topics in this field relate to bile acid metabolism, transcriptome and gene expression, biomarkers, single nucleotide polymorphism, and fibroblast growth factor 23. We also expect an increase in original research papers investigating the association between vitDMGPs and coronavirus disease 2019, hypercalcemia, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, 27-hydroxycholesterol, and mendelian randomization. These findings will provide the foundations for innovations in the diagnosis and treatment of a vast spectrum of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abouzid
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Basel Abdelazeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Health Care, Flint, MI 48532, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - James Robert Brašić
- Section of High Resolution Brain Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing body mass index and lipid profile in healthy young adults in Colombia: a pilot randomised controlled clinical trial. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e29. [PMID: 36843975 PMCID: PMC9947753 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral administration of vitamin D supplementation in reducing BMI and lipid profile in adolescents and young adults from a cohort in Bucaramanga, Colombia. One hundred and one young adults were randomly assigned to one of two doses of vitamin D [1000 international units (IU) or 200 IU] administered daily for 15 weeks. The primary outcomes were serum 25(OH)D levels, BMI and lipid profile. The secondary outcomes were waist-hip ratio, skinfolds and fasting blood glucose. We found a mean ± sd plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was 25⋅0 ± 7⋅0 ng/ml at baseline, and after 15 weeks, it increased to 31⋅0 ± 10⋅0 ng/ml in the participants who received a daily dose of 1000 IU, (P < 0⋅0001). For the participants in the control group (200 IU), it went from 26⋅0 ± 8⋅0 ng/ml to 29⋅0 ± 8⋅0 ng/ml (P = 0⋅002). There were no differences between groups in body mass index. There was a statistically significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol between the intervention group v. the control group (mean difference -11⋅50 mg/dl (95 % CI -21⋅86 to -1⋅15; P = 0⋅030). The conclusions of the present study were two different doses of vitamin D supplementation (200 IU v. 1000 IU) produced changes in serum 25(OH)D levels over 15 weeks of administration in healthy young adults. No significant changes were found in the body mass index when the effect of the treatments was compared. A significant reduction in LDL-cholesterol was found when comparing the two intervention groups. Trial registration: NCT04377386.
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Kittithaworn A, Toro-Tobon D, Sfeir JG. Cardiovascular benefits and risks associated with calcium, vitamin D, and antiresorptive therapy in the management of skeletal fragility. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231170059. [PMID: 37129172 PMCID: PMC10159251 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231170059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects one in every five women over the age of 50 worldwide. With a rapidly ageing population, the prevalence of fragility fractures, considered a largely preventable consequence of osteoporosis, is expected to increase. Age is also a major risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality, thus highlighting the importance of cardiovascular profiling of osteoporosis interventions. Although calcium and vitamin D are essential for a healthy bone metabolism, excessive supplementation may be associated with increased risk. Conversely, early pre-clinical data have suggested a possible cardiovascular benefit from bisphosphonate therapy. This review evaluates the evidence behind the cardiovascular benefits and risks that may be associated with osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annop Kittithaworn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes,
Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Toro-Tobon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes,
Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jad G Sfeir
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes,
Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on
Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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The Association between Serum Vitamin D Concentration and New Inflammatory Biomarkers-Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIRI)-In Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194212. [PMID: 36235864 PMCID: PMC9570511 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) increases every year. This cardiovascular disease has an inflammatory factor in its etiology due to different immune cells that influence atherogenesis. New inflammatory biomarkers—the Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and the Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIRI)—attempt to describe the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance and quantify the complex impact of the immune system on atherosclerosis, while vitamin D has a multidirectional impact on the human body, including the cardiovascular and immune systems. Hence, the objective of this research was to analyze the association between SII and SIRI and serum vitamin D concentrations in patients with IHD. A significant correlation was observed between SIRI and 25(OH)D in the whole group and between both biomarkers (SII and SIRI) and 25(OH)D in the group of patients with ACS but not in the group of patients with stable IHD. The role of vitamin D in IHD complications and its association with new inflammatory biomarkers requires further well-designed, large-scale research.
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Liu G, Jiang H, Huang H, Zhang X. The relationship between serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D and arteriogenic erectile dysfunction. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14568. [DOI: 10.1111/and.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Anhui China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Anhui China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Anhui China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Anhui China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Houbao Huang
- Department of Urology The first Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College Wuhu China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Anhui China
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Vitamin D and the Kidney: Two Players, One Console. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169135. [PMID: 36012412 PMCID: PMC9409427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D belongs to the group of liposoluble steroids mainly involved in bone metabolism by modulating calcium and phosphorus absorption or reabsorption at various levels, as well as parathyroid hormone production. Recent evidence has shown the extra-bone effects of vitamin D, including glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular protection, and anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. This narrative review provides an overall view of vitamin D’s role in different settings, with a special focus on chronic kidney disease and kidney transplant.
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Cullen MR, Baiocchi M, Chamberlain L, Chu I, Horwitz RI, Mello M, O'Hara A, Roosz S. Population health science as a unifying foundation for translational clinical and public health research. SSM Popul Health 2022; 18:101047. [PMID: 35252530 PMCID: PMC8885441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Separated both in academics and practice since the Rockefeller Foundation effort to "liberate" public health from perceived subservience to clinical medicine a century ago, research in public health and clinical medicine have evolved separately. Today, translational research in population health science offers a means of fostering their convergence, with potentially great benefit to both domains. Although evidence that the two fields need not and should not be entirely distinct in their methods and goals has been accumulating for over a decade, the prodigious efforts of biomedical and social sciences over the past year to address the COVID-19 pandemic has placed this unifying approach to translational research in both fields in a new light. Specifically, the coalescence of clinical and population-level strategies to control disease and novel uses of population-level data and tools in research relating to the pandemic have illuminated a promising future for translational research. We exploit this unique window to re-examine how translational research is conducted and where it may be going. We first discuss the transformation that has transpired in the research firmament over the past two decades and the opportunities these changes afford. Next, we present some of the challenges-technical, cultural, legal, and ethical- that need attention if these opportunities are to be successfully exploited. Finally, we present some recommendations for addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Cullen
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Retired, USA
| | - Michael Baiocchi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Chamberlain
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isabella Chu
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ralph I. Horwitz
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, USA
| | - Michelle Mello
- Stanford Health Policy and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Stanford Law School, and the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, all in Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy O'Hara
- McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA
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Yang S, Wang C, Ruan C, Chen M, Cao R, Sheng L, Chang N, Xu T, Zhao P, Liu X, Zhu F, Xiao Q, Gao S. Novel Insights into the Cardioprotective Effects of Calcitriol in Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:1676. [PMID: 35626713 PMCID: PMC9139780 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency negatively affects the cardiovascular system. Here we studied the therapeutic effects of calcitriol in myocardial infarction (MI) and investigated its underlying mechanisms. METHODS A MI model of Kun-ming mice induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was utilized to study the potential therapeutic effects of calcitriol on MI. AC16 human cardiomyocyte-like cells treated with TNF-α were used for exploring the mechanisms that underlie the cardioprotective effects of calcitriol. RESULTS We observed that calcitriol reversed adverse cardiovascular function and cardiac remodeling in post-MI mice. Mechanistically, calcitriol suppressed MI-induced cardiac inflammation, ameliorated cardiomyocyte death, and promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation. Specifically, calcitriol exerted these cellular effects by upregulating Vitamin D receptor (VDR). Increased VDR directly interacted with p65 and retained p65 in cytoplasm, thereby dampening NF-κB signaling and suppressing inflammation. Moreover, up-regulated VDR was translocated into nuclei where it directly bound to IL-10 gene promoters to activate IL-10 gene transcription, further inhibiting inflammation. CONCLUSION We provide new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of calcitriol, and we present comprehensive evidence to support the preventive and therapeutic effects of calcitriol on MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.Y.); (C.R.); (M.C.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (N.C.); (T.X.); (P.Z.)
| | - Chunmiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China;
| | - Chengshao Ruan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.Y.); (C.R.); (M.C.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (N.C.); (T.X.); (P.Z.)
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.Y.); (C.R.); (M.C.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (N.C.); (T.X.); (P.Z.)
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Ran Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.Y.); (C.R.); (M.C.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (N.C.); (T.X.); (P.Z.)
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Liang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.Y.); (C.R.); (M.C.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (N.C.); (T.X.); (P.Z.)
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Naiying Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.Y.); (C.R.); (M.C.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (N.C.); (T.X.); (P.Z.)
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.Y.); (C.R.); (M.C.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (N.C.); (T.X.); (P.Z.)
| | - Peiwen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.Y.); (C.R.); (M.C.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (N.C.); (T.X.); (P.Z.)
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China;
| | - Fengqin Zhu
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.Y.); (C.R.); (M.C.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (N.C.); (T.X.); (P.Z.)
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Zhang W, Yi J, Liu D, Wang Y, Jamilian P, Gaman MA, Prabahar K, Fan J. The effect of vitamin D on the lipid profile as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Exp Gerontol 2022; 161:111709. [PMID: 35090975 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Alrefaie Z, Awad H, Alsolami K, Hamed EA. Uncoupling proteins: are they involved in vitamin D3 protective effect against high-fat diet-induced cardiac apoptosis in rats? Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:438-446. [PMID: 31794287 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1690526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) and vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiac apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac uncoupling proteins (UCPs) 2&3 expression. Forty rats were fed either (45%) or (10%) fat diet with or without vitamin D3 (500 U/kg/day) for 6 months, then cardiac tissue expression of Bax, Bcl2, Fas, Fas-L (markers for apoptotic pathways), TNF-α, MDA7, GPX1 (inflammatory and oxidative markers) and UCP 2&3 were assessed. Results revealed the enhancement of intrinsic and extrinsic cardiomyocyte apoptosis cascades and increased inflammatory and oxidative burdens on the heart in HFD rats. Downregulation of UCP2 and upregulation of UCP3 gene expression at 6 months. After vitamin D3 supplementation with HFD, cardiac apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative markers were mitigated and expression of UCP3 was downregulated and UCP2 was upregulated. This work highlights the novel cardioprotective effect of vitamin D3 in the experimental model of HFD feeding through the downregulation of UCP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zienab Alrefaie
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Awad
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadeejah Alsolami
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas A Hamed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Trimarco V, Manzi MV, Mancusi C, Strisciuglio T, Fucile I, Fiordelisi A, Pilato E, Izzo R, Barbato E, Lembo M, Morisco C. Insulin Resistance and Vitamin D Deficiency: A Link Beyond the Appearances. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:859793. [PMID: 35369303 PMCID: PMC8968037 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.859793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of body homeostasis, including cardiovascular function. Although the chronic deficiency of vitamin D is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, as well as with an adverse prognosis, randomized controlled trials have failed in demonstrating that dietary vitamin D supplementation could ameliorate the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases, and suggested that vitamin D deficiency is the expression of the effects of other determinants of cardiovascular risk. Thus, the supplementation of vitamin D is not sufficient to improve the cardiovascular risk profile and prognosis. Insulin resistance is a complex phenomenon that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Interestingly, defects of vitamin D and insulin resistance have a superimposable epidemiological distribution. According to the common view, Insulin resistance is considered the direct or indirect consequence of vitamin D deficiency. However, it is also reasonable to speculate that the deficit or the impaired action of vitamin D, in some circumstances, could be the result of the same pathogenic mechanisms responsible of insulin resistance development. In this case, vitamin D deficiency could be considered an epiphenomenon of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a reversible condition, being possibly ameliorated by physical activity and hypocaloric diets. Notably, both physical exercise and energy-restricted dietary regimens are associated with an increase of vitamin D levels. These findings indicate that improving insulin resistance condition is a necessary step to ameliorate vitamin D supplementation-based strategies in cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Virginia Manzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Strisciuglio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fucile
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pilato
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lembo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Lembo
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Baruti-Gafurri Z, Kafexholli A, Dervishi B, Sylaj R, Shabani K, Musliu D. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency in Kosovo Population. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem, but it is not known about its status in the Kosovo population.
AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the status of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in our population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data collection was done from January 2020 to July 2021, during which period blood samples were collected. The sampling was done for 769 selected subjects and statistical data (frequency, mean values, and standard deviation) have been analyzed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. They were categorized by age group, gender, and level of 25(OH)D. The prevalence and percentage of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the study population were evaluated.
RESULTS: The mean concentration of 25(OH)D in the serum of the study group was 18.3 ng/ml. The mean value was significantly lower for females when compared for that of males (17.89 and 19.58 ng/ml, respectively), with p < 0.0035, but there was no significant difference between age groups. The level of 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/ml was observed in 62% of the cases in our study population with a slight difference between female (63.6%) and male (57.2%) group. The age group of >60 had 25(OH)D deficiency in 62.3% of cases when compared to other age group categories. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 20.2% of cases; meanwhile, its insufficiency was present in 41.9% of cases. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 21.1% of females and 17.1% of males, while 42.4% of females, respectively, and 40.1% of males had Vitamin D insufficiency.
CONCLUSION: The mean values of 25(OH)D in the study population are relatively low, which corresponds to significant Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in all age groups, and which may also have serious implications for their overall health.
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Bouillon R, Antonio L, Olarte OR. Calcifediol (25OH Vitamin D3) Deficiency: A Risk Factor from Early to Old Age. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061168. [PMID: 35334824 PMCID: PMC8949915 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is the main cause of nutritional rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. There is consensus that nutritional access to vitamin D can be estimated by measuring serum concentrations of 25OHD and vitamin D deficiency can thus be considered as calcifediol deficiency. However, the threshold for vitamin D/calcifediol sufficiency remains a matter of debate. Vitamin D/calcifediol deficiency has been associated with musculoskeletal effects but also multiple adverse extra-skeletal consequences. If these consequences improve or if they can be treated with vitamin D supplementation is still unclear. Observational studies suggest a higher infection risk in people with low calcifediol levels. There is also a consistent association between serum calcifediol and cardiovascular events and deaths, but large-scale, long-term intervention studies did not show any benefit on cardiovascular outcomes from supplementation, at least not in subjects without clear vitamin D deficiency. Cancer risk also did not change with vitamin D treatment, although there are some data that higher serum calcifediol is associated with longer survival in cancer patients. In pregnant women, vitamin D supplementation decreases the risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and low birth weight. Although preclinical studies showed that the vitamin D endocrine system plays a role in certain neural cells as well as brain structure and function, there is no evidence to support a beneficial effect of vitamin D in neurodegenerative diseases. Vitamin D supplementation may marginally affect overall mortality risk especially in elderly subjects with low serum calcifediol concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Leen Antonio
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oscar Rosero Olarte
- Clinical Endocrinology, Asociación Colombiana de Osteoporosis, Bogotá 500005, Colombia;
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KIRAÇ D, YAMAN AE, GEZMİŞ H, YEŞİLÇİMEN K, AVCILAR T, GÜNEY İ, ALTUNOK EÇ, KOÇ G, AKKANAT R, İŞBİR T. VDBP and VDR Mutations May Cause In-Stent Restenosis. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.953893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In-stent restenosis (ISR) is the narrowing of a stented coronary artery lesion. A considerable number of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are affected by ISR. The predominant mechanism in the development of ISR is an inflammatory response to vessel wall injury during PCI. Vitamin D is reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, so it may also be related with ISR. Therefore, in this study the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) gene variations and ISR were investigated.
Methods: Fifty-eight ISR patients who have chest pain, underwent angiography and were found to have restenosis in the previously inserted stent were included in the patient group and thirty-five patients who have chest pain and were not found to have restenosis in their previous stent in coronary angiography were included in the control group. rs7041 and rs4588 variations in VDBP; rs1544410 and rs2228570 variations in VDR were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results were evaluated statistically.
Results: The CC genotype of rs2228570 variation of VDR and the CA genotype of rs4588 variation of VDBP were found statistically high in patient group. rs7041 variation was found statistically high in patients who had myocardial infarction history before stent implantation. Additionally, it was demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D level
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz KIRAÇ
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Erdem YAMAN
- Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hazal GEZMİŞ
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal YEŞİLÇİMEN
- Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba AVCILAR
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlter GÜNEY
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Çiğdem ALTUNOK
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Infırmatics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşah KOÇ
- Istanbul Aydin University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabican AKKANAT
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgay İŞBİR
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Small Differences in Vitamin D Levels between Male Cardiac Patients in Different Stages of Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030779. [PMID: 35160231 PMCID: PMC8836728 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in males older than 65 years of age. The prevalent vitamin D deficiency in the worldwide population may have multiple effects on the cardiovascular system. This study sought to determine the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the stage of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Polish male subjects. Additionally, subjects with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) were analyzed for potential differences in 25(OH)D levels in comparison with those diagnosed with stable CAD. The study was conducted prospectively in a group of 669 male patients subjected to coronarography examination. CAD stage was defined using the Coronary Artery Surgery Study Score. Patients without significant coronary lesions had significantly higher 25(OH)D levels than patients with single-, double-, or triple-vessel disease (median, 17 vs. 15 ng/mL; p < 0.01). Significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D were apparent when MI was identified as the cause of the then-current hospitalization in comparison with stable CAD, as well as in patients with a history of MI; all of these cases had lower levels of 25(OH)D in comparison with patients with no such history. Male patients with single-, double-, or triple-vessel CAD, acute coronary syndrome, or a history of MI presented lower serum 25(OH)D.
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Vitamin D Level in Patients with Consecutive Acute Coronary Syndrome Is Not Correlated with the Parameters of Platelet Activity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030707. [PMID: 35160157 PMCID: PMC8836793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease continues to be the leading cause of death in developed countries. Elevated mean platelet volume (MPV) is associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and MI-related mortality. Vitamin D concentrations affect the level and function of platelets, which are the crucial mediator of atherothrombosis and plaque rupture. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with the platelet activity in patients with a history of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This prospective study recruited 268 patients with a history of MI who underwent coronary angiography due to the suspicion of another ACS. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was determined by electrochemiluminescence. Platelet activity was assessed using the MPV and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) parameters. There was no significant difference in MPV and P-LCR values between patients diagnosed with subsequent MI and patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). A significantly lower level of 25(OH)D was demonstrated in patients who had another MI compared to those with CCS (p < 0.05). No significant correlation of 25(OH)D concentrations with platelet activity parameters values was found. The subgroup of patients with consecutive MI was characterized by significantly lower serum vitamin D levels, but this was not related to the analyzed parameters of platelet activity.
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Mueller M, Siegenthaler J, Fäh D, Schuetz P. [Nutrition in Case of Heart Failure]. PRAXIS 2022; 111:375-380. [PMID: 35611481 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition in Case of Heart Failure Abstract. Despite the complexity of the subject, nutritional medicine has made important advances in recent years, especially regarding cardiovascular health and for patients with heart failure. There is quite good evidence on specific diets, such as the Mediterranean and plant-based diets, but also on individual micronutrients, such as intravenous iron supplementation of iron deficiency in heart failure. No precise quantities can yet be named when dealing with the recommended amount of salt in heart failure patients, but the intake of high amounts of salt (>12 g/day) should be avoided. Considering the risk of malnutrition in this vulnerable patient population, an individualized nutritional therapy is advisable for some patients. This requires targeted screening for malnutrition. Nutritional medicine research still lacks many answers to further questions regarding heart failure patients. More randomized controlled trials and their meta-analyses are therefore required. Studies available so far have - among other shortcomings - paid too little attention to differences in nutrition in the different types and stages of heart failure. Interdisciplinary collaboration between cardiologists, hospital internists, general practitioners and nutritional therapists is in any case crucial for optimal treatment of patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Mueller
- Abteilung Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Metabolismus, Medizinischen Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Schweiz
- Abteilung für Allgemeine- und Notfallmedizin, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Schweiz
| | - Jolanda Siegenthaler
- Abteilung Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Metabolismus, Medizinischen Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Schweiz
- Abteilung für Allgemeine- und Notfallmedizin, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Schweiz
| | - David Fäh
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie chronischer Krankheiten, Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
- Fachbereich Gesundheit - Ernährung und Diätetik, Berner Fachhochschule, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Abteilung Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Metabolismus, Medizinischen Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Schweiz
- Abteilung für Allgemeine- und Notfallmedizin, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Schweiz
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Schweiz
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Sen A, Vincent V, Thakkar H, Abraham R, Ramakrishnan L. Beneficial Role of Vitamin D on Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Lipid Atheroscler 2022; 11:229-249. [PMID: 36212746 PMCID: PMC9515729 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are currently being explored in the context of CVD risk. EPCs are bone marrow derived progenitor cells involved in postnatal endothelial repair and neovascularization. A large body of evidence from clinical, animal, and in vitro studies have shown that EPC numbers in circulation and their functionality reflect endogenous vascular regenerative capacity. Traditionally vitamin D is known to be beneficial for bone health and calcium metabolism and in the last two decades, its role in influencing CVD and cancer risk has generated significant interest. Observational studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile. Still, Mendelian randomization studies and randomized control trials (RCTs) have not shown significant effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular events. The criticism regarding the RCTs on vitamin D and CVD is that they were not designed to investigate cardiovascular outcomes in vitamin D-deficient individuals. Overall, the association between vitamin D and CVD remains inconclusive. Recent clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of vitamin D in increasing the circulatory level of EPC as well as their functionality. In this review we present evidence supporting the beneficial role of vitamin D in CVD through its modulation of EPC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Sen
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinnyfred Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Himani Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ransi Abraham
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women, yet adequate control of risk factors can largely reduce the incidence and recurrence of cardiac events. In this review, we discuss various life style and pharmacological measures for both the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. With a clear understanding of management options, health care providers have an excellent opportunity to educate patients and ameliorate a significant burden of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Short
- Cardiology, University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California,St Bernadine Medical Center, Cardiology, Internal Medicine, San Bernardino, California
| | - Van T. La
- Cardiology, University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California,St Bernadine Medical Center, Cardiology, Internal Medicine, San Bernardino, California
| | - Mandira Patel
- Cardiology, University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California,St Bernadine Medical Center, Cardiology, Internal Medicine, San Bernardino, California
| | - Ramdas G. Pai
- Cardiology, University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California,St Bernadine Medical Center, Cardiology, Internal Medicine, San Bernardino, California,Address for correspondence Ramdas G. Pai, MD UCR School of MedicineRiversideCalifornia
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50
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De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Lavie CJ, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á, Amaro-Gahete FJ. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and cardiometabolic risk in healthy sedentary adults: The FIT-AGEING study. Int J Cardiol 2021; 344:192-198. [PMID: 34656647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of scientific works investigating the physio-pathological mechanisms behind cardiovascular disease has suggested that vitamin D deficiency could play a key role on its development. However, it remains unclear whether its active form (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships of 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of healthy sedentary adults. METHODS A total of 73 adults (~53% women; 54 ± 5 years old) were included in the current cross-sectional study. A sex-specific cardiometabolic risk score (MetScore) was calculated for each subject based on clinical parameters (i.e., waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) according to the International Diabetes Federation's clinical criteria. Plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D were measured using a DiaSorin Liaison® immunochemiluminometric analyzer. RESULTS No significant association was detected between 1,25(OH)2D and MetScore (β = 0.037, R2 = 0.001, p = 0.77), independently of age, sex and fat body mass index. A significant inverse association were observed between 1,25(OH)2D and waist circumference (β = -0,303, R2 = 0.092, p = 0.01). These results were consistent after controlling by potential confounders. CONCLUSION In summary, the present results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels are not associated with either cardiometabolic risk factors or insulin resistance in healthy sedentary adults. However, an inverse association of 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels with central adiposity was observed in our study sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
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