1
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Aidhen IS, Srikanth S, Lal H. The Emerging Promise with O/C‐Glycosides of Important Dietary Phenolic Compounds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrapal Singh Aidhen
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Chemistry Adyar 600036 Chennai INDIA
| | | | - Heera Lal
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chemistry 600036 Chennai INDIA
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2
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Rational Designing of Quinazolin-4(3H)-one based ALR2 Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Xue Y, Thalmayer AS, Zeising S, Fischer G, Lübke M. Commercial and Scientific Solutions for Blood Glucose Monitoring-A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:425. [PMID: 35062385 PMCID: PMC8780031 DOI: 10.3390/s22020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic and, according to the state of the art, an incurable disease. Therefore, to treat diabetes, regular blood glucose monitoring is crucial since it is mandatory to mitigate the risk and incidence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Nowadays, it is common to use blood glucose meters or continuous glucose monitoring via stinging the skin, which is classified as invasive monitoring. In recent decades, non-invasive monitoring has been regarded as a dominant research field. In this paper, electrochemical and electromagnetic non-invasive blood glucose monitoring approaches will be discussed. Thereby, scientific sensor systems are compared to commercial devices by validating the sensor principle and investigating their performance utilizing the Clarke error grid. Additionally, the opportunities to enhance the overall accuracy and stability of non-invasive glucose sensing and even predict blood glucose development to avoid hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia using post-processing and sensor fusion are presented. Overall, the scientific approaches show a comparable accuracy in the Clarke error grid to that of the commercial ones. However, they are in different stages of development and, therefore, need improvement regarding parameter optimization, temperature dependency, or testing with blood under real conditions. Moreover, the size of scientific sensing solutions must be further reduced for a wearable monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georg Fischer
- Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (Y.X.); (A.S.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Maximilian Lübke
- Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (Y.X.); (A.S.T.); (S.Z.)
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4
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Singh Aidhen I, Thoti N. Natural Products & Bioactivity Inspired Synthetic Pursuits Interfacing with Carbohydrates: Ongoing Journey with C-Glycosides. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3131-3177. [PMID: 34714570 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, remains the most important source for the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of human diseases. This has inspired the synthetic community to design and develop mimics of natural products either to answer important questions in biology or to explore their therapeutic potentials. Glycosides present themselves abundantly in nature, right from the cell surface receptors to natural products of any origin. The O-Glycosides are hydrolytically less stable compared to C-glycosides and this feature has presented a great opportunity for drug discovery. The discovery of Dapagliflozin, an SGLT inhibitor and C-glucoside, for the treatment of diabetes is one such example. Aryl acyl-anion chemistry has been explored for the synthesis of 2-deoxy-C-aryl furanoside/pyranoside/septanosides. Besides success, the studies have provided valuable insight into the natural propensities of the architectural framework for the cascade to furan derivatives. The aryl acyl-anion chemistry has also enabled the synthesis of biologically active diaryl heptanoids. Inspired from sucesss of Dapagliflozin, new analogues have been synthesized with pyridine and isocoumarin heterocycle as the proximal ring. C-glucosides of isoliquiritigenin have been synthesized for the first time and evaluated as an efficient aldose reductase inhibitor. The synthesis and evaluation of acyl-C-β-D-glucosides and benzyl-C-β-D-glucoside as glucose-uptake promoters has revealed promise in small molecules. The concept of building blocks has been used to obtain natural oxylipins, D-xylo and L-xylo-configured alkane tetrols and novel lipophilic ketones with erythro/threo configured trihydroxy polar head-group as possible anti-mycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrapal Singh Aidhen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Naveenkumar Thoti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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5
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Kumar Pasala V, Gudipudi G, Sankeshi V, Basude M, Gundla R, Singh Jadav S, Srinivas B, Yadaiah Goud E, Nareshkumar D. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of selective hybrid coumarin-thiazolidinedione aldose reductase-II inhibitors as potential antidiabetics. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:104970. [PMID: 34120026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZD), benzopyrans are the proven scaffolds for inhibiting Aldose reductase (ALR2) activity and their structural confluence with the retention of necessary fragments helped in designing a series of hybrid compounds 2-(5-cycloalkylidene-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)acetamide (10a-n) for better ALR2 inhibition. The compounds were synthesized by treating substituted 3-(N-bromoacetyl amino)coumarins (9a-d) with potassium salt of 5-cyclo alkylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diones (4a-d). The inhibition activity against ALR2 with IC50 values range from 0.012 ± 0.001 to 0.056 ± 0.007 μM. N-[(6-Bromo-3-coumarinyl)-2-(5-cyclopentylidene-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)] acetamide (10c) with cyclopentylidene group on one end and the 6-bromo group on the other end showed better inhibitory property (IC50 = 0.012 μM) and selectivity index (324.166) against the ALR2, a forty fold superiority over sorbinil, a better molecule over epalrestat and rest of the analogues exhibited a far superior response over sorbinil and slightly better as compared with epalrestat. It was further confirmed by the insilico studies that compound 10c showed best inhibition activity among the synthesized compounds with a high selectivity index against the ALR2. In invivo experiments, supplementation of compound 10c to STZ induced rats delayed the progression of cataract in a dose-dependent manner warranting its further development as a potential agent to treat thediabetic secondary complications especially cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Pasala
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad (T.S) 500 007, India.
| | - Gopinath Gudipudi
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad (T.S) 500 007, India
| | - Venu Sankeshi
- Department of Biophysics, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad (T.S) 500 007, India
| | - Manohar Basude
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad (T.S) 500 007, India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Technology, GITAM University, Hyderabad (T.S) 502 102, India
| | - Surendar Singh Jadav
- Centre for Molecular Cancer Research, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (VIPER), Narsapur, Medak 502313, India
| | - Burra Srinivas
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad (T.S) 500 007, India
| | - E Yadaiah Goud
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad (T.S) 500 007, India
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6
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Synthesis of indole-substituted thiosemicarbazones as an aldose reductase inhibitor: an in vitro, selectivity and in silico study. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1185-1201. [PMID: 34148377 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Indole is an important component of many drug molecules, and its conjugation with thiosemicarbazone moiety would be advantageous in finding lead compounds for the development of diabetic complications. Methodology: We have designed, synthesized and evaluated a series of 17 indole-thiosemicarbazones (3a-q) as aldose reductase (ALR2) and aldehyde reductase (ALR1) inhibitors. Results: After in vitro evaluation, all indole-thiosemicarbazones showed significant inhibition against both enzyme ALR1 and ALR2 with IC50 in range of 0.42-20.7 and 1.02-19.1 μM, respectively. The docking study was also carried out to consider the putative binding of molecules with the target enzymes. Conclusion: Compound 3f was found to be most active and selective for ALR2. The indole-thiosemicarbazones series described here has selective hits for diabetes-mellitus-associated complications.
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Kovacikova L, Prnova MS, Majekova M, Bohac A, Karasu C, Stefek M. Development of Novel Indole-Based Bifunctional Aldose Reductase Inhibitors/Antioxidants as Promising Drugs for the Treatment of Diabetic Complications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102867. [PMID: 34066081 PMCID: PMC8151378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR, ALR2), the first enzyme of the polyol pathway, is implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. Aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) thus present a promising therapeutic approach to treat a wide array of diabetic complications. Moreover, a therapeutic potential of ARIs in the treatment of chronic inflammation-related pathologies and several genetic metabolic disorders has been recently indicated. Substituted indoles are an interesting group of compounds with a plethora of biological activities. This article reviews a series of indole-based bifunctional aldose reductase inhibitors/antioxidants (ARIs/AOs) developed during recent years. Experimental results obtained in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of diabetic complications are presented. Structure–activity relationships with respect to carboxymethyl pharmacophore regioisomerization and core scaffold modification are discussed along with the criteria of ‘drug-likeness”. Novel promising structures of putative multifunctional ARIs/AOs are designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kovacikova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM SAS, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (M.S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Soltesova Prnova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM SAS, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (M.S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Majekova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM SAS, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (M.S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrej Bohac
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Biomagi, Inc., Mamateyova 26, 851 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Cimen Karasu
- Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, 06500 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Milan Stefek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM SAS, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (M.S.P.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Sever B, Altıntop MD, Demir Y, Pekdoğan M, Akalın Çiftçi G, Beydemir Ş, Özdemir A. An extensive research on aldose reductase inhibitory effects of new 4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Kucerova-Chlupacova M, Halakova D, Majekova M, Treml J, Stefek M, Soltesova Prnova M. (4-Oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acids as potent and selective aldose reductase inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 332:109286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Addressing selectivity issues of aldose reductase 2 inhibitors for the management of diabetic complications. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1327-1358. [PMID: 32602375 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldose Reductase 2 (ALR2), the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, plays an important role in detoxification of some toxic aldehydes. Under hyperglycemia, this enzyme overactivates and causes diabetic complications (DC). Therefore, ALR2 inhibition has been established as a potential approach to manage these complications. Several ALR2 inhibitors have been reported, but none of them could reach US FDA approval. One of the main reasons is their poor selectivity over ALR1, which leads to the toxicity. The current review underlines the molecular connectivity of ALR2 with DC and comparative analysis of the catalytic domains of ALR2 and ALR1, to better understand the selectivity issues. This report also discusses the key features required for ALR2 inhibition and to limit toxicity due to off-target activity.
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11
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Hlaváč M, Kováčiková L, Prnová MŠ, Šramel P, Addová G, Májeková M, Hanquet G, Boháč A, Štefek M. Development of Novel Oxotriazinoindole Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase: Isosteric Sulfur/Oxygen Replacement in the Thioxotriazinoindole Cemtirestat Markedly Improved Inhibition Selectivity. J Med Chem 2019; 63:369-381. [PMID: 31820975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of aldose reductase (AR), the first enzyme of the polyol pathway, is a promising approach in treatment of diabetic complications. We proceeded with optimization of the thioxotriazinoindole scaffold of the novel AR inhibitor cemtirestat by replacement of sulfur with oxygen. A series of 2-(3-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-5(3H)-yl)acetic acid derivatives (OTIs), designed by molecular modeling and docking, were synthesized. More electronegative and less bulky oxygen of OTIs compared to the sulfur of the original thioxotriazinoindole congeners was found to form a stronger H-bond with Leu300 of AR and to render larger rotational flexibility of the carboxymethyl pharmacophore. AR inhibitory activities of the novel compounds were characterized by the IC50 values in a submicromolar range. Markedly enhanced inhibition selectivity relative to the structurally related aldehyde reductase was recorded. To conclude, structure modification of the original carboxymethylated thioxotriazinoindole cemtirestat by isosteric replacement of sulfur with oxygen in combination with variable N(2) simple substituents provided novel analogues with increased AR inhibition efficacy and markedly improved selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Hlaváč
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Comenius University in Bratislava , Ilkovičova 6 , 842 15 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kováčiková
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS , Dúbravská cesta 9 , 841 04 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Marta Šoltésová Prnová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS , Dúbravská cesta 9 , 841 04 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Peter Šramel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Comenius University in Bratislava , Ilkovičova 6 , 842 15 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Addová
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Comenius University in Bratislava , Ilkovičova 6 , 842 15 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Magdaléna Májeková
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS , Dúbravská cesta 9 , 841 04 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Gilles Hanquet
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM , 25 rue Becquerel , 67087 Strasbourg , France
| | - Andrej Boháč
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Comenius University in Bratislava , Ilkovičova 6 , 842 15 Bratislava , Slovakia.,Biomagi, Inc. , Mamateyova 26 , 851 04 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Milan Štefek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS , Dúbravská cesta 9 , 841 04 Bratislava , Slovakia
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12
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Identification of quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives as a novel class of multifunctional aldose reductase inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2989-3004. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Targeting aldose reductase and oxidative stress with quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one derivatives having a 1-hydroxypyrazole head as the bioisosteric replacement of carboxylic acid. Methodology & results: Aldose reductase inhibition, selectivity and antioxidant potency of all the synthesized compounds were evaluated, and binding modes were studied by molecular docking. Most of the derivatives showed potent and selective aldose reductase inhibition, and among them 13d was the most active (IC50 = 0.107 μM), suggesting success of the bioisosteric strategy. Phenolic 3,4-dihydroxyl compound 13f showed strong antioxidant ability even comparable to that of the well-known antioxidant Trolox. Conclusion: The present study identified the excellent bioisostere of the 1-hydroxypyrazole head group along with phenolic hydroxyl and vinyl spacer in C3 side chain on constructing quinoxalinone-based multifunctional aldose reductase inhibitors.
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Stephen Kumar Celestina, Sundaram K, Ravi S. Novel Derivatives of Rhodanine-3-Hippuric Acid as Active Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Analysis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Synthesis and biological activity of structurally diverse phthalazine derivatives: A systematic review. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3979-3997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Wang Z, Shen S, Cui Z, Nie H, Han D, Yan H. Screening and Isolating Major Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from the Seeds of Evening Primrose ( Oenothera biennis). Molecules 2019; 24:E2709. [PMID: 31349647 PMCID: PMC6695788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is a drug target for therapies to treat complications caused by diabetes mellitus, and the development of effective AR inhibitors (ARIs) of natural origin is considered to be an attractive option for reducing these complications. In this research, the rat lens AR (RLAR) inhibitory activity of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) seeds was investigated for the first time. In our results, the 50% (v/v) methanol extract of evening primrose seeds exhibits excellent RLAR inhibitory activity (IC50 value of 7.53 μg/mL). Moreover, after enrichment of its bioactive components, the ARIs are more likely to be present in the ethyl acetate fraction of 50% (v/v) methanol extract (EME) of evening primrose seeds, which exhibits superior RLAR inhibitory activity (IC50 value of 3.08 µg/mL). Finally, gallic acid (1), procyanidin B3 (2), catechin (3), and methyl gallate (4) were identified as the major ARIs from the EME by affinity-based ultrafiltration-high-performance liquid chromatography and were isolated by high speed countercurrent chromatography, with gallic acid (11.46 µmol/L) and catechin (14.78 µmol/L) being the more potent inhibitors of the four ARIs identified. The results demonstrated that evening primrose seeds may be a potent ingredient of ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ze Cui
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Hailiang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Shibusawa R, Yamada E, Okada S, Nakajima Y, Bastie CC, Maeshima A, Kaira K, Yamada M. Dapagliflozin rescues endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell death. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9887. [PMID: 31285506 PMCID: PMC6614429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The new type 2 diabetes drug, dapagliflozin, reduces blood glucose levels and body weight by inhibiting sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) in proximal tubular cells. SGLT2 inhibitors might modulate glucose influx into renal tubular cells, thereby regulating the metabolic conditions that cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the cells. In this study, we examined the effect of dapagliflozin on ER stress in the HK-2 proximal tubular cell line and in the kidney of db/db mice to characterise its function in diabetic nephropathy (DN). We found that dapagliflozin regulated ER stress-mediated apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Only the elf2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway was regulated under these conditions. Notably, the drug rescued C2 ceramide-induced ER stress-mediated apoptosis and ER stress-mediated apoptosis, which might occur in DN, in db/db mice. Our study shows a novel role for dapagliflozin as an inhibitor of ER stress and suggests that dapagliflozin might be useful for the prevention of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shibusawa
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Okada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Nakajima
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Claire C Bastie
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Akito Maeshima
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigii, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
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Reddy MR, Aidhen IS, Reddy UA, Reddy GB, Ingle K, Mukhopadhyay S. Synthesis of 4-C
-β-D-Glucosylated Isoliquiritigenin and Analogues for Aldose Reductase Inhibition Studies. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Indrapal Singh Aidhen
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 1 India1
| | - Utkarsh A. Reddy
- Biochemistry Division; National Institute of Nutrition; 500007 Hyderabad India
| | | | - Kundane Ingle
- NovaLead Pharma Pvt. Ltd.; 411045, Maharashtra India
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18
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Sun Z, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhu T. Understanding Aldose Reductase-Inhibitors interactions with free energy simulation. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 91:10-21. [PMID: 31128525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldose Reductase (AR) reduces a variety of substrates, such as aldehydes, aldoses and corticosteroids. It is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway and is an important target enzyme for diabetes-associated complications, including retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Inhibitors targeting this enzyme are structurally different and some of them have side effects. In existing publications, computational techniques are applied to investigate the binding affinities of existing inhibitors and predicting the affinities of newly designed ligands. However, these calculations only employ coarse and approximated methods such as docking and MM/PBSA. Brute force simulations are employed to study the dynamics of the system but no converged statistics is obtained. As a result, these computations provide results not consistent with experimental values and large discrepancies exist. In the current work, we employ the enhanced sampling technique of alchemical free energy simulation to calculate the binding affinities of several ligands targeting AR. The statistical error is defined with care and the correlation in the time-series data is fully considered. The statistically optimal estimators are used to extract the free energy estimates and the predicted results are in agreement with the experimental values. Less computationally demanding end-point free energy methods are also performed to compare their efficiency with the alchemical methods. As is expected, the end-point methods are of less accuracy and reliability compared with the alchemical free energy methods. The decomposition of the free energy difference in each alchemical transformation into the enthalpic and entropic components gives further insights on the thermodynamics. The enthalpy-entropy compensation is observed in this case. As the structural data obtained from experiments are only snapshots and more details are needed to understand the dynamics of the protein-ligand system, the conformational ensemble is analyzed. We identify important residues involved in the protein-ligand binding case and short-lived interactions formed due to fluctuations in the conformational ensemble. The current work shed light on the atomic detailed understanding of the dynamics of AR-inhibitors interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900, Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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19
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Synthesis of new arylsulfonylspiroimidazolidine-2ʹ,4ʹ-diones and study of their effect on stimulation of insulin release from MIN6 cell line, inhibition of human aldose reductase, sorbitol accumulations in various tissues and oxidative stress. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:154-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Ji Y, Chen X, Chen H, Zhang X, Fan Z, Xie L, Ma B, Zhu C. Designing of acyl sulphonamide based quinoxalinones as multifunctional aldose reductase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1658-1669. [PMID: 30858026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of quinoxalinone scaffold-based acyl sulfonamides were designed as aldose reductase inhibitors and evaluated for aldose reductase (ALR2)/aldehyde reductase (ALR1) inhibition and antioxidation. Compounds 9b-g containing styryl side chains at C3-side exhibited good ALR2 inhibitory activity and selectivity. Of them, 9g demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.100 μM, and also exhibited excellent antioxidant activity, even comparable to the typical antioxidant Trolox. Compounds 9 had higher lipid-water partition coefficients relative to the carboxylic acid compounds 8, indicating that they may have better lipophilicity and membrane permeability. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies found that acyl trifluoromethanesulfonamide group at N1 and the C3-dihydroxystyryl side chain were the key structure for improving the aldose reductase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- ME Genomics Inc., Software Industry Base, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Huan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenya Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Lina Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Bing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Changjin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China.
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21
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Banala VT, Urandur S, Sharma S, Sharma M, Shukla RP, Marwaha D, Gautam S, Dwivedi M, Mishra PR. Targeted co-delivery of the aldose reductase inhibitor epalrestat and chemotherapeutic doxorubicin via a redox-sensitive prodrug approach promotes synergistic tumor suppression. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2889-2906. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox responsive epalrestat prodrug micelles facilitate synergistic concentrations of doxorubicin with an advantage of CD44 down-regulation and reduced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Teja Banala
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow
- India
| | - Sandeep Urandur
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow
- India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow
- India
| | - Madhu Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow
- India
| | - Ravi P. Shukla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow
- India
| | - Disha Marwaha
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow
- India
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow
- India
| | - Monika Dwivedi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow
- India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow
- India
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22
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Shu T, Zhang B, Tang YY. An improved noninvasive method to detect Diabetes Mellitus using the Probabilistic Collaborative Representation based Classifier. Inf Sci (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Cumaoğlu A, Yerer MB. The Effects of Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Quercetin and Monochloropivaloylquercetin in Amyloid β Peptide (1–42) Induced Neuroinflammation in Microglial Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial over-activation plays a crucial roles during neuroinflammation. Aldose reductase (AR) is one of the enzymes that has been linked to inflammatory processes in several diseases. Therefore, inhibition of AR is considered as an important strategy to reduce inflammation. In the present study, Quercetin (Q) and monochloropivaloylquercetin (MCPQ) showed potent inhibition on AR expression and anti-neuroinflammatory effects in Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide (1–42) induced inflammatory process by inhibiting expression of inflammatory mediators from microglial cells. Furthermore, ablation of AR caused a significant reduction on COX2 expression in Aβ-induced neuroinflammation. Q and MCPQ suppressed COX2 mRNA and protein expression, which further resulted in downstream inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory process. Additionally, Aβ treatment resulted in activation of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and increased translocation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFκB). Q and Sorbinil significantly reduced the activation of MAPK, at the same time Q, MCPQ and sorbinil decreased nuclear translocation of NFκB and diminished tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α release in Aβ-induced neuroinflammation. The results suggested that AR is a probable target for treatment of neuroinflammation as well as Q and MCPQ could be effective agents for treating or preventing inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases by AR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cumaoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Betül Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
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24
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Andleeb H, Tehseen Y, Jabeen F, Khan I, Iqbal J, Hameed S. Exploration of thioxothiazolidinone–sulfonate conjugates as a new class of aldehyde/aldose reductase inhibitors: A synthetic and computational investigation. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Wang Z, Hwang SH, Lim SS. Characterization of DHDP, a novel aldose reductase inhibitor isolated from Lysimachia christinae. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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26
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Demir Y, Işık M, Gülçin İ, Beydemir Ş. Phenolic compounds inhibit the aldose reductase enzyme from the sheep kidney. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Health Services Vocational School, Department of Pharmacy Services; Harran University; Şanlıurfa 63000 Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University; Eskişehir 26470 Turkey
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27
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Wang Z, Hwang SH, Guillen Quispe YN, Gonzales Arce PH, Lim SS. Investigation of the antioxidant and aldose reductase inhibitory activities of extracts from Peruvian tea plant infusions. Food Chem 2017; 231:222-230. [PMID: 28450000 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the antioxidant and aldose reductase inhibitory activities of 24 Peruvian infusion tea plants were investigated by 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and aldose reductase assays. Phoradendron sp. showed the highest inhibition of aldose reductase (IC50, 1.09±0.06μg/mL) and considerable antioxidant (IC50 of DPPH, 58.36±1.65μg/mL; IC50 of ABTS, 9.91±0.43μg/mL) effects. In order to identify the antioxidants and aldose reductase inhibitors of Phoradendron sp., DPPH-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultrafiltration-HPLC assays were performed. Chlorogenic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid were identified as the antioxidants and aldose reductase inhibitors; apigenin was identified as the antioxidant. Finally, Phoradendron sp. and its aldose reductase inhibitors also showed a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect without cellular toxicity. These results suggested that Phoradendron sp. can be a potent functional food ingredient as an antioxidant, aldose reductase inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yanymee N Guillen Quispe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paul H Gonzales Arce
- Laboratorio de Florística, Departamento de Dicotiledóneas, Museo de Historia Natural - Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 14-0434, Peru.
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Antidiabetic and allied biochemical roles of new chromeno-pyrano pyrimidine compounds: synthesis, in vitro and in silico analysis. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Saito R, Tamura M, Kawano S, Yoshikawa Y, Kato A, Sasaki K, Yasui H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamides and their zinc(ii) complexes as candidate antidiabetic agents. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00970d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new zinc(ii) complexes with 4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamides were synthesized, and four of them exhibited insulin-mimetic activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Saito
- Department of Chemistry
- Toho University
- Chiba 274-8510
- Japan
- Research Center for Materials with Integrated Properties
| | - Moe Tamura
- Department of Chemistry
- Toho University
- Chiba 274-8510
- Japan
| | - Saya Kawano
- Department of Chemistry
- Toho University
- Chiba 274-8510
- Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health
- Sports and Nutrition
- Kobe Women's University
- Kobe 650-0046
- Japan
| | - Akihiro Kato
- Department of Chemistry
- Toho University
- Chiba 274-8510
- Japan
| | - Kaname Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Toho University
- Chiba 274-8510
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
- Kyoto 607-8414
- Japan
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30
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Saito R, Hoshi M, Kato A, Ishikawa C, Komatsu T. Green fluorescent protein chromophore derivatives as a new class of aldose reductase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:965-974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Euonymus alatus: A Review on Its Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9425714. [PMID: 27642361 PMCID: PMC5014951 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9425714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Euonymus alatus (E. alatus) is a medicinal plant used in some Asian countries for treating various conditions including cancer, hyperglycemia, and diabetic complications. This review outlines the phytochemistry and bioactivities of E. alatus related to antidiabetic actions. More than 100 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from E. alatus, including flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, lignans, cardenolides, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. Studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated the hypoglycemic activity of E. alatus extracts and its certain constituents. The hypoglycemic activity of E. alatus may be related to regulation of insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity, involving PPARγ and aldose reductase pathways. Further studies on E. alatus and its bioactive compounds may help to develop new agents for treating diabetes and diabetic complications.
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32
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Zhang L, Li YF, Yuan S, Zhang S, Zheng H, Liu J, Sun P, Gu Y, Kurihara H, He RR, Chen H. Bioactivity Focus of α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) Leads to Effective Multifunctional Aldose Reductase Inhibitors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24942. [PMID: 27109517 PMCID: PMC4842970 DOI: 10.1038/srep24942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactivity focus on α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) scaffold results in a small library of novel multifunctional aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitors. All the entities displayed good to excellent inhibition with IC50 72-405 nM. (R,E)-N-(3-(2-acetamido-3-(benzyloxy)propanamido)propyl)-2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxy phenyl)acrylamide (5f) was confirmed as the most active inhibitor (IC50 72.7 ± 1.6 nM), and the best antioxidant. 5f bound to ALR2 with new mode without affecting the aldehyde reductase (ALR1) activity, implicating high selectivity to ALR2. 5f was demonstrated as both an effective ALR2 inhibitor (ARI) and antioxidant in a chick embryo model of hyperglycemia. It attenuated hyperglycemia-induced incidence of neural tube defects (NTD) and death rate, and significantly improved the body weight and morphology of the embryos. 5f restored the expression of paired box type 3 transcription factor (Pax3), and reduced the hyperglycemia-induced increase of ALR2 activity, sorbitol accumulation, and the generation of ROS and MDA to normal levels. All the evidences support that 5f may be a potential agent to treat diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laitao Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Zheng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Pinghua Sun
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Gu
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Heru Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Product, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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Carpi-Santos R, Ferreira MJ, Pereira Netto AD, Giestal-de-Araujo E, Ventura ALM, Cossenza M, Calaza KC. Early changes in system [Formula: see text] and glutathione in the retina of diabetic rats. Exp Eye Res 2015; 146:35-42. [PMID: 26706282 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the main cause of blindness among diabetic patients, affects both neuronal and vascular cells of the retina. Studies show that neuronal cell death begins after 4 weeks of diabetes and could be related with an increase in oxidative stress. System [Formula: see text] is a glutamate/cystine exchanger, formed by a catalytic subunit called xCT and a regulatory subunit 4F2hc, whose activity is crucial to the synthesis of glutathione, which is a key antioxidant molecule for cells. Although some studies have shown that glutamate transport mediated by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) in diabetic rats is downregulated, there are no studies investigating system [Formula: see text] in this context. To evaluate whether system [Formula: see text] is modified by early onset of diabetes, primary retinal cell culture exposed to high glucose and retinas of rats 3 weeks after streptozotocin injection were used. We observed that xCT subunit protein expression both in cultures and in vivo were diminished. Furthermore, system [Formula: see text] activity and GSH levels were also decreased whereas oxidative stress was increased in retinas of diabetic animals. Therefore, this study raises the possibility that alterations in system [Formula: see text] expression and activity could occur during early onset of diabetes. In that way, system [Formula: see text] modifications could be related to increased ROS in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Carpi-Santos
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Ferreira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Giestal-de-Araujo
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Marques Ventura
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cossenza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroscience Program, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karin C Calaza
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Wu J, Lu C, Li X, Fang H, Wan W, Yang Q, Sun X, Wang M, Hu X, Chen CYO, Wei X. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Gigantol Derivatives as Potential Agents in Prevention of Diabetic Cataract. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141092. [PMID: 26517726 PMCID: PMC4627826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a continuation of our efforts directed towards the development of natural anti-diabetic cataract agents, gigantol was isolated from Herba dendrobii and was found to inhibit both aldose reductase (AR) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, which play a significant role in the development and progression of diabetic cataracts. To improve its bioefficacy and facilitate use as a therapeutic agent, gigantol (compound 14f) and a series of novel analogs were designed and synthesized. Analogs were formulated to have different substituents on the phenyl ring (compounds 4, 5, 8, 14a-e), substitute the phenyl ring with a larger steric hindrance ring (compounds 10, 17c) or modify the carbon chain (compounds 17a, 17b, 21, 23, 25). All of the analogs were tested for their effect on AR and iNOS activities and on D-galactose-induced apoptosis in cultured human lens epithelial cells. Compounds 5, 10, 14a, 14b, 14d, 14e, 14f, 17b, 17c, 23, and 25 inhibited AR activity, with IC50 values ranging from 5.02 to 288.8 μM. Compounds 5, 10, 14b, and 14f inhibited iNOS activity with IC50 ranging from 432.6 to 1188.7 μM. Compounds 5, 8, 10, 14b, 14f, and 17c protected the cells from D-galactose induced apoptosis with viability ranging from 55.2 to 76.26%. Of gigantol and its analogs, compound 10 showed the greatest bioefficacy and is warranted to be developed as a therapeutic agent for diabetic cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanjun Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Processing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wencheng Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiaohong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaosheng Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - C.-Y. Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyong Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
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35
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Hao X, Qin X, Hussain S, Parveen S, Zhang W, Fu F, Ma B, Zhu C. Chiral resolution, determination of absolute configuration, and biological evaluation of (1,2-benzothiazin-4-yl)acetic acid enantiomers as aldose reductase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 30:846-51. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.961447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Qin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Saghir Hussain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyan Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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36
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Vila N, Besada P, Costas T, Costas-Lago MC, Terán C. Phthalazin-1(2H)-one as a remarkable scaffold in drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:462-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Ilyas Z, Shah HS, Al-Oweini R, Kortz U, Iqbal J. Antidiabetic potential of polyoxotungstates: in vitro and in vivo studies. Metallomics 2015; 6:1521-6. [PMID: 24887259 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder continuously affecting people all over the world. A common way to treat diabetes mellitus is to limit the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose which is mediated by glucosidase enzymes. Diabetes mellitus is also famous for its life-threatening microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy) and macrovascular (atherosclerosis) complications. Aldose reductases present in eye lens (ALR1) and kidney (ALR2) are responsible for microvascular complications. The production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The present work was aimed at the synthesis and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of different polyoxotungstates against glucosidases (α- and β), aldose reductases (ALR1 and ALR2) and AGEs to discover a new treatment which may limit the complications associated with diabetes mellitus. The polyanion [P6W18O79](20-) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.33 ± 0.41 μM), ALR1 (IC50 = 0.4 ± 0.009 μM) and ALR2 (IC50 = 0.38 ± 0.02 μM). Animal studies showed that the polyanion [H2W12O40](6-) was very effective in reducing the blood glucose level to 84.25 ± 5.07 mg dL(-1) when compared with standard antidiabetic drug glibenclamide (150.62 ± 9.35 mg dL(-1)) measured after maximum 8 h of dose administration. The data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that [P6W18O79](20-) and [H2W12O40](6-) could be used as a new treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaitoon Ilyas
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Postal Code 22060, Pakistan.
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38
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Maccari R, Ottanà R. Targeting Aldose Reductase for the Treatment of Diabetes Complications and Inflammatory Diseases: New Insights and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2014; 58:2047-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Maccari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del
Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Ottanà
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del
Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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39
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Agrawal YP, Agrawal MY, Gupta AK. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Rhodanine Derivatives as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:172-80. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh P. Agrawal
- Drug Design and Development Laboratory; Government College of Pharmacy; Ratnagiri 415612 India
| | - Mona Y. Agrawal
- Drug Design and Development Laboratory; Government College of Pharmacy; Ratnagiri 415612 India
| | - Arun K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; RKDF Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; Indore 452010 India
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40
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Hussain S, Parveen S, Qin X, Hao X, Zhang S, Chen X, Zhu C, Ma B. Novel synthesis of nitro-quinoxalinone derivatives as aldose reductase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2086-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Proteome wide reduction in AGE modification in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice by hydralazine mediated transglycation. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2941. [PMID: 24126953 PMCID: PMC3796742 DOI: 10.1038/srep02941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-enzymatic reaction between glucose and protein can be chemically reversed by transglycation. Here we report the transglycation activity of hydralazine using a newly developed MALDI-TOF-MS based assay. Hydralazine mediated transglycation of HbA1c, plasma proteins and kidney proteins was demonstrated in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice, as evidenced by decrease in protein glycation, as well as presence of hydralazine-glucose conjugate in urine of diabetic mice treated with hydralazine. Hydralazine down regulated the expression of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE), NADPH oxidase (NOX), and super oxide dismutase (SOD). These findings will provide a new dimension for developing intervention strategies for the treatment of glycation associated diseases such as diabetes complications, atherosclerosis, and aging.
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42
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Non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring with multi-sensor systems: a Monte Carlo-based methodology for assessing calibration robustness. SENSORS 2013; 13:7279-95. [PMID: 23736850 PMCID: PMC3715227 DOI: 10.3390/s130607279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In diabetes research, non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring (NI-CGM) devices represent a new and appealing frontier. In the last years, some multi-sensor devices for NI-CGM have been proposed, which exploit several sensors measuring phenomena of different nature, not only for measuring glucose related signals, but also signals reflecting some possible perturbing processes (temperature, blood perfusion). Estimation of glucose levels is then obtained combining these signals through a mathematical model which requires an initial calibration step exploiting one reference blood glucose (RBG) sample. Even if promising results have been obtained, especially in hospitalized volunteers, at present the temporal accuracy of NI-CGM sensors may suffer because of environmental and physiological interferences. The aim of this work is to develop a general methodology, based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, to assess the robustness of the calibration step used by NI-CGM devices against these disturbances. The proposed methodology is illustrated considering two examples: the first concerns the possible detrimental influence of sweat events, while the second deals with calibration scheduling. For implementing both examples, 45 datasets collected by the Solianis Multisensor system are considered. In the first example, the MC methodology suggests that no further calibration adjustments are needed after the occurrence of sweat events, because the “Multisensor+model” system is able to deal with the disturbance. The second case study shows how to identify the best time interval to update the model's calibration for improving the accuracy of the estimated glucose. The methodology proposed in this work is of general applicability and can be helpful in making those incremental steps in NI-CGM devices development needed to further improve their performance.
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43
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Veeresham C, Rama Rao A, Asres K. Aldose reductase inhibitors of plant origin. Phytother Res 2013; 28:317-33. [PMID: 23674239 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic complications are attributed to hyperglycaemic condition which is in turn associated with the polyol pathway and advanced glycation end products. Aldose reductase (AR) is the principal enzyme of polyol pathway which plays a vital role in the development of diabetic complications. AR inhibitory activity can be screened by both in vitro and in vivo methods. In vitro assays for AR enzyme are further classified on the basis of the source of enzyme such as rat lens, rat kidney, cataracted human eye lens, bovine eyes and human recombinant AR enzymes, whereas the in vivo model is based on the determination of lens galactitol levels. A number of synthetic AR inhibitors (ARIs) including tolrestat and sorbinil have been developed, but all of these suffer from drawbacks such as poor permeation and safety issues. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies and many researchers have been carrying out research to find new, potent and safe ARIs from natural sources. Thus, many naturally occurring compounds have been reported to have AR inhibitory activity. The present review attempts to highlight phytochemicals and plant extracts with potential AR inhibitory activity. It also summarizes the classes of compounds which have proven AR inhibitory activity. Phytochemicals such as quercetin, kaempferol and ellagic acid are found to be the most promising ARIs. The exhaustive literature presented in this article clearly indicates the role of plant extracts and phytochemicals as potential ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciddi Veeresham
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, AP, 506009, India
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44
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Identification of flavonoids and flavonoid rhamnosides from Rhododendron mucronulatum for. albiflorum and their inhibitory activities against aldose reductase. Food Chem 2013; 136:969-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Fatmawati S, Shimizu K, Kondo R. Structure–activity relationships of ganoderma acids from Ganoderma lucidum as aldose reductase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7295-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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46
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Chen X, Zhang S, Yang Y, Hussain S, He M, Gui D, Ma B, Jing C, Qiao Z, Zhu C, Yu Q. 1,2-Benzothiazine 1,1-dioxide carboxylate derivatives as novel potent inhibitors of aldose reductase. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7262-9. [PMID: 22036211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of aldose reductase (ALR2) as a potential drug target in the treatment of diabetic complications, there are increasing interests in design and synthesis of ALR2 inhibitors. Here, we prepared 1,2-benzothiazine 1,1-dioxide acetic acid derivatives and investigated their inhibition activity. Most of these derivatives were found to be active with IC(50) values ranging from 0.11 μM to 10.42 μM, and compound 8d, 2-[2-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2-benzothiazin-4(3H)-ylidene]acetic acid, showed the most potent inhibition activity. Further, SAR and docking studies suggest that in comparison with the α,β-unsaturated derivatives, the saturated carboxylic acid derivatives had a greater binding affinity with the enzyme and thus an enhanced inhibition activity. Therefore, development of more powerful ARIs based on benzothiazine 1,1-dioxide by stereo-controlled synthesis could be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
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47
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Kim CS, Kim J, Lee YM, Sohn E, Jo K, Kim JS. Inhibitory effects of chlorogenic acid on aldose reductase activity in vitro and cataractogenesis in galactose-fed rats. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:847-52. [PMID: 21656371 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, CA), a phenolic compound found ubiquitously in plants, has antidiabetic effect in diabetic animal models. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of CA on diabetic cataractogenesis. We evaluated the aldose reductase (AR) activity during cataract development in 50% galactose-fed rats, an animal model of sugar cataract. Galactose-fed rats were treated orally with CA (10 and 50 mg/kg body weight) once a day for 2 weeks. In vehicle-treated galactose-fed rats, lens opacity was increased, and lens fiber swelling and membrane rupture were observed. In addition, AR protein was highly expressed in lens epithelial cells and lens cortical fibers of galactose-fed rats. However, CA inhibited the rat AR activity in vitro, and the administration of CA prevented the development of sugar cataract through the inhibition of AR activity. These observations suggest that CA is useful for the treatment of sugar cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Sik Kim
- Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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48
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49
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Design and synthesis of potent and selective aldose reductase inhibitors based on pyridylthiadiazine scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1536-44. [PMID: 21367494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrido[2,3-e]-[1,2,4]-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide acetic acid derivatives were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity against aldose reductase (ALR2). These derivatives were found to be potent aldose reductase inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 0.038 μM to 11.29 μM. Most but not all of them showed a strong ALR2 inhibition activity and significant selectivity, which were further supported by docking studies. Of these inhibitors, compound 7d exhibited highest inhibition activity. Structure-activity relationship studies indicate the requirement of N2-benzyl group with electron-withdrawing substituents and N4-acetic acid group in the pyridothiadiazine scaffold.
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50
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Kawarada H, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H, Kuwahara S, Habata Y, Saito R. Synthesis and in vitro insulin-mimetic activities of zinc(ii) complexes of ethyl 2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylates. Metallomics 2011; 3:675-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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