1
|
Xu L, Wu Q, Zhao K, Li X, Yao W. Prognostic prediction signature and molecular subtype for liver cancer: A CTC/CTM‑related gene prediction model and independent external validation. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:531. [PMID: 39290961 PMCID: PMC11406422 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second leading cause of tumor-related death worldwide, and a serious threat to lives and health. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) facilitate the progression of various cancers, including liver cancer. The relationship between CTC/circulating tumor microemboli-related genes (CRGs) and the prognosis of liver cancer is unclear. The aim of the present study was to identify CTC/circulating tumour microemboli-related genes (CRGs) in hepatocellular carcinoma and to investigate their clinical significance. Transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and GSE117623 databases were combined, and differentially expressed CRGs were identified. These were subsequently analyzed via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate Cox analyses, and a five-gene risk signature was constructed. The signature was validated in the ICGC and GSE14520 dataset with survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Immunocyte infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), and the somatic mutation rate were also compared between high- and low-risk groups, based on the median predictive index, to further evaluate the immunotherapeutic value of the model. Molecular subtypes of liver cancer were characterized by the non-negative matrix factorization method and potential therapeutic compounds were evaluated for different subtypes. Nomograms were utilized to predict the prognosis of patients, and the signature was compared with previous literature models. Additionally, the biological function of one of the CRGs, tumor protein p53 inducible protein 3 (TP53I3), in liver cancer was further explored through in vitro experiments. Analysis of the prognostic characteristics of the five CRGs led to the identification of two liver cancer subtypes. Patients in the low-risk group had a longer survival compared with those in the high-risk group, and patients in the latter group were associated with a higher TMB, immunocyte infiltration and somatic mutation rate, and lower TIDE scores. The prognostic profile was validated in the ICGC and GSE14520 datasets and exhibited a good predictive performance. In vitro analysis showed that the knockdown of TP53I3 suppressed liver cancer cell proliferation. In summary, CRGs were used to develop a new prognostic signature to predict the prognosis of patients with liver cancer. This signature may be used to assess the prognosis of patients and may provide new insights for clinical management strategies. In addition, TP53I3 is potentially a therapeutic target for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qiansheng Wu
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ardini M, Aboagye SY, Petukhova VZ, Kastrati I, Ippoliti R, Thatcher GRJ, Petukhov PA, Williams DL, Angelucci F. The "Doorstop Pocket" In Thioredoxin Reductases─An Unexpected Druggable Regulator of the Catalytic Machinery. J Med Chem 2024; 67:15947-15967. [PMID: 39250602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases are underexplored as drug targets, and thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) stand out as compelling pharmacological targets. Selective TrxR inhibition is challenging primarily due to the reliance on covalent inhibition strategies. Recent studies identified a regulatory and druggable pocket in Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), a TrxR-like enzyme, and an established drug target for schistosomiasis. This site is termed the "doorstop pocket" because compounds that bind there impede the movement of an aromatic side-chain necessary for the entry and exit of NADPH and NADP+ during enzymatic turnover. This discovery spearheaded the development of new TGR inhibitors with efficacies surpassing those of current schistosomiasis treatment. Targeting the "doorstop pocket" is a promising strategy, as the pocket is present in all members of the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, opening new avenues for exploring therapeutic approaches in diseases where the importance of these enzymes is established, including cancer and inflammatory and infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ardini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sammy Y Aboagye
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Valentina Z Petukhova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Irida Kastrati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 60153 Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Pavel A Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Wu Y, Li Z, Wan D, Pan J. Targeted Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2024; 29:4405. [PMID: 39339402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors, exhibiting a high incidence rate that presents a substantial threat to human health. The use of sorafenib and lenvatinib, commonly employed as single-agent targeted inhibitors, complicates the treatment process due to the absence of definitive targeting. Nevertheless, the advent of nanotechnology has injected new optimism into the domain of liver cancer therapy. Nanocarriers equipped with active targeting or passive targeting mechanisms have demonstrated the capability to deliver drugs to tumor cells with high efficiency. This approach not only facilitates precise delivery to the affected site but also enables targeted drug release, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. As medical technology progresses, there is an increasing call for innovative treatment modalities, including novel chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, and combinatorial treatments for HCC. These emerging therapies are anticipated to yield improved clinical outcomes for patients, while minimizing systemic toxicity and adverse effects. Consequently, the application of nanotechnology is poised to significantly improve HCC treatment. This review focused on targeted strategies for HCC and the application of nanotechnology in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Liu
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Dong Wan
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rao Q, Guo M, Sun J, Yang B, Cao X, Xia J. Sulfiredoxin-1 promotes the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting TFEB-mediated autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2024; 441:114169. [PMID: 39029574 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have poor prognosis. As an endogenous antioxidant enzyme involved in a variety of bioprocesses, sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1) plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the development of tumors. However, the role and working mechanism of SRXN1 in HCC remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that SRXN1 promoted the cell proliferation of HCC at genetic and pharmacological level, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed SRXN1 knockdown had a significant effect on the expression of lysosome biogenesis related genes. Further experiments validated that lysosome biogenesis and autophagic flux were enhanced after SRXN1 inhibition and reduced as SRXN1 overexpression. Mechanism study revealed that ROS accumulation induced TFEB nuclear translocation, followed by increased autophagy. Following this rationale, the combination of SRXN1 inhibitor and sorafenib demonstrated noticeable synergistic antitumor effect through the boost of ROS both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, SRXN1 could be a potential therapeutic target for HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Rao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengzhou Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jialei Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Biwei Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang F, Hummitzsch K, Rodgers RJ. Unique features of KGN granulosa-like tumour cells in the regulation of steroidogenic and antioxidant genes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308168. [PMID: 39110703 PMCID: PMC11305538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The ovarian KGN granulosa-like tumour cell line is commonly used as a model for human granulosa cells, especially since it produces steroid hormones. To explore this further, we identified genes that were differentially expressed by KGN cells compared to primary human granulosa cells using three public RNA sequence datasets. Of significance, we identified that the expression of the antioxidant gene TXNRD1 (thioredoxin reductase 1) was extremely high in KGN cells. This is ominous since cytochrome P450 enzymes leak electrons and produce reactive oxygen species during the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified steroid biosynthetic and cholesterol metabolic processes were more active in primary granulosa cells, whilst in KGN cells, DNA processing, chromosome segregation and kinetochore pathways were more prominent. Expression of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A1), which are important for the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones progesterone and oestrogen, plus their electron transport chain members (FDXR, FDX1, POR) were measured in cultured KGN cells. KGN cells were treated with 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) or 10 μM forskolin, with or without siRNA knockdown of TXNRD1. We also examined expression of antioxidant genes, H2O2 production by Amplex Red assay and DNA damage by γH2Ax staining. Significant increases in CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 were observed by either dbcAMP or forskolin treatments. However, no significant changes in H2O2 levels or DNA damage were found. Knockdown of expression of TXNRD1 by siRNA blocked the stimulation of expression of CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 by dbcAMP. Thus, with TXNRD1 playing such a pivotal role in steroidogenesis in the KGN cells and it being so highly overexpressed, we conclude that KGN cells might not be the most appropriate model of primary granulosa cells for studying the interplay between ovarian steroidogenesis, reactive oxygen species and antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katja Hummitzsch
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Raymond J. Rodgers
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
An X, Yu W, Liu J, Tang D, Yang L, Chen X. Oxidative cell death in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:556. [PMID: 39090114 PMCID: PMC11294602 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen-containing molecules generated as natural byproducts during cellular processes, including metabolism. Under normal conditions, ROS play crucial roles in diverse cellular functions, including cell signaling and immune responses. However, a disturbance in the balance between ROS production and cellular antioxidant defenses can lead to an excessive ROS buildup, causing oxidative stress. This stress damages essential cellular components, including lipids, proteins, and DNA, potentially culminating in oxidative cell death. This form of cell death can take various forms, such as ferroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, paraptosis, parthanatos, and oxeiptosis, each displaying distinct genetic, biochemical, and signaling characteristics. The investigation of oxidative cell death holds promise for the development of pharmacological agents that are used to prevent tumorigenesis or treat established cancer. Specifically, targeting key antioxidant proteins, such as SLC7A11, GCLC, GPX4, TXN, and TXNRD, represents an emerging approach for inducing oxidative cell death in cancer cells. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress, opportunities, and challenges in targeting oxidative cell death for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin An
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Varlamova EG. Molecular Mechanisms of the Therapeutic Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2024; 13:1102. [PMID: 38994955 PMCID: PMC11240755 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review describes and summarizes, for the first time, the molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxic effect of selenium nanoparticles of various origins on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The text provides information from recent years indicating the regulation of various signaling pathways and endoplasmic reticulum stress by selenium nanoparticles; the pathways of cell death of liver cancer cells as a result of exposure to selenium nanoparticles are considered. Particular attention is paid to the participation of selenoproteins and selenium-containing thioredoxin reductases and glutathione peroxidases in these processes. Previously, there were no reviews that fully reflected the cytotoxic effects of selenium nanoparticles specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma, despite the fact that many reviews and experimental articles have been devoted to the causes of this disease and the molecular mechanisms of regulation of cytotoxic effects by other agents. The relevance of this review is primarily explained by the fact that despite the development of various drugs and approaches for the treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma, this disease is still the fourth leading cause of death in the world. For this reason, a complete understanding of the latest trends in the treatment of oncology of various etiologies, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, is extremely important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Doughty A, Keane G, Wadley AJ, Mahoney B, Bueno AA, Coles SJ. Plasma concentrations of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and peroxiredoxin-4 can identify high risk patients and predict outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A clinical observation. Int J Cardiol 2024; 403:131888. [PMID: 38382848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a pathological feature of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a complex disease with varying clinical outcomes. Surrogate biomarkers of oxidative stress including, peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), PRDX4, thioredoxin (TRX) and thioredoxin reductase (TRXR) were measured in ACS patients at presentation and follow-up, to assess their clinical utility in diagnosis and risk stratification. METHODS Plasma from 145 participants (80 ACS and 65 healthy) at diagnosis, 1-3 month (first) and 6-month follow-up (second) was analysed by ELISA. ACS patients were monitored for 12-months. RESULTS ACS patients at diagnosis had significantly higher concentrations of TRX (p < 0.05), TRXR (p < 0.01) and PRDX4 (p < 0.01), compared to healthy donors. This was increase was driven by non-ST elevated myocardial infarction for TRX (p < 0.01) and PRDX4 (p < 0.05). For TRXR, ACS females were significantly higher than males (p < 0.05). TRX was also higher in older females (>55 years) at diagnosis (p < 0.05). At first follow-up, TRX had lowered, whereas PRDX4 remained significantly high (p < 0.05). Stratification of ACS patients according to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) revealed that TRXR was significantly higher in patients receiving PCI to the right coronary artery (p < 0.05). Whereas both TRXR (p < 0.01) and PRDX4 (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in patients receiving PCI to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. ACS patients who had plasma TRX >13.40 ng/ml at second follow-up were at high risk of readmission (p < 0.05), as were patients with TRXR of <1000 pg/ml at diagnosis having PCI to the LAD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study indicates that TRX, TRXR and PRDX4 may have clinical utility for ACS stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Doughty
- Department of Cardiology, Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, WR5 1DD, UK
| | - Gary Keane
- School of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Alex J Wadley
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Berenice Mahoney
- Three Counties Medical School, University of Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Allain A Bueno
- School of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Steven J Coles
- School of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pirani E, Paparoditis P, Pecoraro M, Danelon G, Thelen M, Cecchinato V, Uguccioni M. Tumor cells express and maintain HMGB1 in the reduced isoform to enhance CXCR4-mediated migration. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358800. [PMID: 38803493 PMCID: PMC11128625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
During inflammation and tissue regeneration, the alarmin High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), in its reduced isoform, enhances the activity of the chemokine CXCL12, forming a heterocomplex that acts via the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Despite the established roles of both HMGB1 and CXCL12 in tumor progression and metastatic spread to distal sites, the role of the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex in cancer has never been investigated. By employing a newly established mass spectrometry protocol that allows an unambiguous distinction between reduced (red-HMGB1) and oxidized (ox-HMGB1) HMGB1 isoforms in cell lysates, we demonstrate that human epithelial cells derived from breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC-3) cancer predominantly express red-HMGB1, while primary CD3+ T lymphocytes from peripheral blood express both HMGB1 isoforms. All these cancer cells release HMGB1 in the extracellular microenvironment together with varying concentrations of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. The CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex enhances, via CXCR4, the directional migration and invasiveness of cancer cells characterized by high metastatic potential that possess a fully active thioredoxin system, contributing to maintain red-HMGB1. On the contrary, cancer cells with low metastatic potential, lack thioredoxin reductase, promptly uptake CXCL12 and fail to respond to the heterocomplex. Our study demonstrates that the responsiveness of cancer cells to the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex, resulting in enhanced cell migration and invasiveness, depends on the maintenance of HMGB1 in its reduced isoform, and suggests disruption of the heterocomplex as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit invasion and metastatic spread in cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
10
|
van Gorp C, de Lange IH, Hütten MC, López-Iglesias C, Massy KRI, Kessels L, Knoops K, Cuijpers I, Sthijns MMJPE, Troost FJ, van Gemert WG, Spiller OB, Birchenough GMH, Zimmermann LJI, Wolfs TGAM. Antenatal Ureaplasma Infection Causes Colonic Mucus Barrier Defects: Implications for Intestinal Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4000. [PMID: 38612809 PMCID: PMC11011967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis is a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Ureaplasma parvum (UP) is clinically the most isolated microorganism in chorioamnionitis, but its pathogenicity remains debated. Chorioamnionitis is associated with ileal barrier changes, but colonic barrier alterations, including those of the mucus barrier, remain under-investigated, despite their importance in NEC pathophysiology. Therefore, in this study, the hypothesis that antenatal UP exposure disturbs colonic mucus barrier integrity, thereby potentially contributing to NEC pathogenesis, was investigated. In an established ovine chorioamnionitis model, lambs were intra-amniotically exposed to UP or saline for 7 d from 122 to 129 d gestational age. Thereafter, colonic mucus layer thickness and functional integrity, underlying mechanisms, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and redox status, and cellular morphology by transmission electron microscopy were studied. The clinical significance of the experimental findings was verified by examining colon samples from NEC patients and controls. UP-exposed lambs have a thicker but dysfunctional colonic mucus layer in which bacteria-sized beads reach the intestinal epithelium, indicating undesired bacterial contact with the epithelium. This is paralleled by disturbed goblet cell MUC2 folding, pro-apoptotic ER stress and signs of mitochondrial dysfunction in the colonic epithelium. Importantly, the colonic epithelium from human NEC patients showed comparable mitochondrial aberrations, indicating that NEC-associated intestinal barrier injury already occurs during chorioamnionitis. This study underlines the pathogenic potential of UP during pregnancy; it demonstrates that antenatal UP infection leads to severe colonic mucus barrier deficits, providing a mechanistic link between antenatal infections and postnatal NEC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte van Gorp
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.v.G.); (M.C.H.); (K.R.I.M.); (L.K.); (L.J.I.Z.)
| | - Ilse H. de Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Matthias C. Hütten
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.v.G.); (M.C.H.); (K.R.I.M.); (L.K.); (L.J.I.Z.)
- Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- Microscopy CORE Lab, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.L.-I.); (K.K.)
| | - Kimberly R. I. Massy
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.v.G.); (M.C.H.); (K.R.I.M.); (L.K.); (L.J.I.Z.)
| | - Lilian Kessels
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.v.G.); (M.C.H.); (K.R.I.M.); (L.K.); (L.J.I.Z.)
| | - Kèvin Knoops
- Microscopy CORE Lab, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.L.-I.); (K.K.)
| | - Iris Cuijpers
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.C.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.); (F.J.T.)
| | - Mireille M. J. P. E. Sthijns
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.C.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.); (F.J.T.)
| | - Freddy J. Troost
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.C.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.); (F.J.T.)
| | - Wim G. van Gemert
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Owen B. Spiller
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK;
| | - George M. H. Birchenough
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Luc J. I. Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.v.G.); (M.C.H.); (K.R.I.M.); (L.K.); (L.J.I.Z.)
| | - Tim G. A. M. Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.v.G.); (M.C.H.); (K.R.I.M.); (L.K.); (L.J.I.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BMT), School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao P, Gu J, Liu M, Wang Y, Chen M, Jiang Y, Wang X, Zhu S, Gao X, Li S. BRMS1L confers anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer by transcriptionally inducing a redox imbalance in the GPX2-ROS pathway. Transl Oncol 2024; 41:101870. [PMID: 38262108 PMCID: PMC10832508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Low expression levels of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 like (BRMS1L) have been associated with the growth of cancer cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of BRMS1L as an antitumour transcription factor in the progression of NSCLC have not been explored. Herein, we reveal that BRMS1L plays a key role as a tumour suppressor in inhibiting NSCLC proliferation and metastasis. Mechanistically, BRMS1L overexpression results in the downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) expression and consequently causes abnormal glutathione metabolism and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, inducing oxidative stress injury and apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of GPX2 enhances the growth advantage and oxidative stress repair conferred by knockdown of BRMS1L. Importantly, we show that low expression of BRMS1L in NSCLC cells causes relatively high levels of antioxidant accumulation to maintain cell redox balance and renders cancer cells more sensitive to treatment with piperlongumine as an ROS inducer both in vitro and in vivo. These findings offer new insights into the role of BRMS1L as a transcriptional repressor in NSCLC and suggest that the BRMS1L expression level may be a potential biomarker for predicting the therapeutic response to small molecule ROS inducers, providing new ideas for targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penglong Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Juebin Gu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Mulin Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Mingying Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Yizhu Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Himoto T, Masaki T. Current Trends on the Involvement of Zinc, Copper, and Selenium in the Process of Hepatocarcinogenesis. Nutrients 2024; 16:472. [PMID: 38398797 PMCID: PMC10892613 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous nutritional factors increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The dysregulation of zinc, copper, and selenium homeostasis is associated with the occurrence of HCC. The impairment of the homeostasis of these essential trace elements results in oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle progression, and angiogenesis, finally leading to hepatocarcinogenesis. These essential trace elements can affect the microenvironment in HCC. The carrier proteins for zinc and copper and selenium-containing enzymes play important roles in the prevention or progression of HCC. These trace elements enhance or alleviate the chemosensitivity of anticancer agents in patients with HCC. The zinc, copper, or selenium may affect the homeostasis of other trace elements with each other. Novel types of cell death including ferropotosis and cupropotosis are also associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. Therapeutic strategies for HCC that target these carrier proteins for zinc and copper or selenium-containing enzymes have been developed in in vitro and in vivo studies. The use of zinc-, copper- or selenium-nanoparticles has been considered as novel therapeutic agents for HCC. These results indicate that zinc, copper, and selenium may become promising therapeutic targets in patients with HCC. The clinical application of these agents is an urgent unmet requirement. This review article highlights the correlation between the dysregulation of the homeostasis of these essential trace elements and the development of HCC and summarizes the current trends on the roles of these essential trace elements in the pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 281-1, Hara, Mure-cho, Takamatsu 761-0123, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma CI, Tirtorahardjo JA, Schweizer SS, Zhang J, Fang Z, Xing L, Xu M, Herman DA, Kleinman MT, McCullough BS, Barrios AM, Andrade RM. Gold(I) ion and the phosphine ligand are necessary for the anti- Toxoplasma gondii activity of auranofin. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0296823. [PMID: 38206030 PMCID: PMC10845965 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02968-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Auranofin, an FDA-approved drug for rheumatoid arthritis, has emerged as a promising antiparasitic medication in recent years. The gold(I) ion in auranofin is postulated to be responsible for its antiparasitic activity. Notably, aurothiomalate and aurothioglucose also contain gold(I), and, like auranofin, they were previously used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Whether they have antiparasitic activity remains to be elucidated. Herein, we demonstrated that auranofin and similar derivatives, but not aurothiomalate and aurothioglucose, inhibited the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro. We found that auranofin affected the T. gondii biological cycle (lytic cycle) by inhibiting T. gondii's invasion and triggering its egress from the host cell. However, auranofin could not prevent parasite replication once T. gondii resided within the host. Auranofin treatment induced apoptosis in T. gondii parasites, as demonstrated by its reduced size and elevated phosphatidylserine externalization (PS). Notably, the gold from auranofin enters the cytoplasm of T. gondii, as demonstrated by scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).IMPORTANCEToxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a devastating disease affecting the brain and the eyes, frequently affecting immunocompromised individuals. Approximately 60 million people in the United States are already infected with T. gondii, representing a population at-risk of developing toxoplasmosis. Recent advances in treating cancer, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplants have contributed to this at-risk population's exponential growth. Paradoxically, treatments for toxoplasmosis have remained the same for more than 60 years, relying on medications well-known for their bone marrow toxicity and allergic reactions. Discovering new therapies is a priority, and repurposing FDA-approved drugs is an alternative approach to speed up drug discovery. Herein, we report the effect of auranofin, an FDA-approved drug, on the biological cycle of T. gondii and how both the phosphine ligand and the gold molecule determine the anti-parasitic activity of auranofin and other gold compounds. Our studies would contribute to the pipeline of candidate anti-T. gondii agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. I. Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - J. A. Tirtorahardjo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - S. S. Schweizer
- School of Biological Sciences; University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - J. Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences; University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Z. Fang
- School of Biological Sciences; University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - L. Xing
- Irvine Materials Research Institute; University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - M. Xu
- Irvine Materials Research Institute; University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - D. A. Herman
- Department of Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - M. T. Kleinman
- Department of Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - B. S. McCullough
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - A. M. Barrios
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - R. M. Andrade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xia H, Zhu J, Zheng Z, Xiao P, Yu X, Wu M, Xue L, Xu X, Wang X, Guo Y, Zheng C, Ding S, Wang Y, Peng X, Fu S, Li J, Deng X. Amino acids and their roles in tumor immunotherapy of breast cancer. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3647. [PMID: 38084655 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. The primary treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and hormone therapy. The effectiveness of breast cancer therapy varies depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer, as well as individual factors. Advances in early detection and improved treatments have significantly increased survival rates for breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, specific subtypes of breast cancer, particularly triple-negative breast cancer, still lack effective treatment strategies. Thus, novel and effective therapeutic targets for breast cancer need to be explored. As substrates of protein synthesis, amino acids are important sources of energy and nutrition, only secondly to glucose. The rich supply of amino acids enables the tumor to maintain its proliferative competence through participation in energy generation, nucleoside synthesis and maintenance of cellular redox balance. Amino acids also play an important role in immune-suppressive microenvironment formation. Thus, the biological effects of amino acids may change unexpectedly in tumor-specific or oncogene-dependent manners. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the study of amino acid metabolism, particularly in their potential application as therapeutic targets in breast cancer. In this review, we provide an update on amino acid metabolism and discuss the therapeutic implications of amino acids in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuomeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peiyao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Muyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoning Peng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Atia AF, Abou-Hussien NM, Sweed DM, Sweed E, Abo-Khalil NA. Auranofin attenuates Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced liver granuloma and fibrosis in mice. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e95. [PMID: 38053397 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a serious tropical disease. Despite extensive research into the etiology of liver fibrosis, effective therapeutic options remain limited. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of auranofin in treating hepatic granuloma and fibrogenesis produced by Schistosoma (S.) mansoni eggs. Auranofin is a gold complex that contains thioglucose tetraacetate and triethylphosphine. Eighty BALB/c male mice were divided into four groups (n=20/group): negative control (GI), positive control (GII), and early (GIII) and late (GIV) treatment groups with oral auranofin according to beginning of treatment 4th week and 6th week post-infection. Mice were infected subcutaneously in a dose of 60±10 cercariae/mouse. Worm counts, egg loads, and oogram patterns were determined. Biochemical, histological, and immunostaining of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were assessed. GIII showed a significant decrease in the total S. mansoni worm burden and ova/gram in liver tissue (with reduction percent of 63.07% and 78.26%, respectively). Schistosomal oogram patterns, immature and mature ova, also showed a significant decrease. The reduction in granuloma number and size was 40.63% and 48.66%, respectively, in GIII, whereas in GIV, the reduction percent was 76.63% and 67.08%. In addition, the degree of fibrosis was significantly diminished in both treated groups. GIV showed significant reduction in IL-1β and SMA expression and increase in SIRT3 expression. These findings reveal how auranofin suppresses the development of liver fibrosis. Therefore, it is crucial to take another look at auranofin as a prospective medication for the treatment of S. mansoni egg-induced hepatic granuloma and consequent fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Atia
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - N M Abou-Hussien
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - D M Sweed
- Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - E Sweed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - N A Abo-Khalil
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu YX, Diao LT, Hou YR, Lv G, Tao S, Xu WY, Xie SJ, Ren YH, Xiao ZD. Pseudouridine synthase 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through mRNA pseudouridylation to enhance the translation of oncogenic mRNAs. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00664. [PMID: 38015993 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pseudouridine is a prevalent RNA modification and is highly present in the serum and urine of patients with HCC. However, the role of pseudouridylation and its modifiers in HCC remains unknown. We investigated the function and underlying mechanism of pseudouridine synthase 1 (PUS1) in HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS By analyzing the TCGA data set, PUS1 was found to be significantly upregulated in human HCC specimens and positively correlated with tumor grade and poor prognosis of HCC. Knockdown of PUS1 inhibited cell proliferation and the growth of tumors in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. Accordingly, increased cell proliferation and tumor growth were observed in PUS1-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, overexpression of PUS1 significantly accelerates tumor formation in a mouse HCC model established by hydrodynamic tail vein injection, while knockout of PUS1 decreases it. Additionally, PUS1 catalytic activity is required for HCC tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, we profiled the mRNA targets of PUS1 by utilizing surveying targets by apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme 1 (APOBEC1)-mediated profiling and found that PUS1 incorporated pseudouridine into mRNAs of a set of oncogenes, thereby endowing them with greater translation capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the critical role of PUS1 and pseudouridylation in HCC development, and provides new insight that PUS1 enhances the protein levels of a set of oncogenes, including insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and c-MYC, by means of pseudouridylation-mediated mRNA translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Hu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Ting Diao
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ya-Rui Hou
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guo Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuang Tao
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wan-Yi Xu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shu-Juan Xie
- Institute of Vaccine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ya-Han Ren
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen-Dong Xiao
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li S, Li K, Wang K, Yu H, Wang X, Shi M, Liang Z, Yang Z, Hu Y, Li Y, Liu W, Li H, Cheng S, Ye L, Yang Y. Low-dose radiotherapy combined with dual PD-L1 and VEGFA blockade elicits antitumor response in hepatocellular carcinoma mediated by activated intratumoral CD8 + exhausted-like T cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7709. [PMID: 38001101 PMCID: PMC10673920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) combined with bevacizumab (anti-VEGFA) is the first-line immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the number of patients who benefit from this regimen remains limited. Here, we combine dual PD-L1 and VEGFA blockade (DPVB) with low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT), which rapidly inflames tumors, rendering them vulnerable to immunotherapy. The combinatorial therapy exhibits superior antitumor efficacy mediated by CD8+ T cells in various preclinical HCC models. Treatment efficacy relies upon mobilizing exhausted-like CD8+ T cells (CD8+ Tex) with effector function and cytolytic capacity. Mechanistically, LDRT sensitizes tumors to DPVB by recruiting stem-like CD8+ Tpex, the progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells, from draining lymph nodes (dLNs) into the tumor via the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis. Together, these results further support the rationale for combining LDRT with atezolizumab and bevacizumab, and its clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Department of Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haoyuan Yu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 517108, China
| | - Mengchen Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Zhixing Liang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yongwei Hu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Linsen Ye
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Najafi Z, Chamani E, Zarban A, Rezaei Z, Sharifzadeh G. The molecular evaluation of thioredoxin (TXN1 & TXN2), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRd1), and oxidative stress markers in a binary rat model of hypo- and hyperthyroidism after treatment with gallic acid. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1108-1115. [PMID: 36314079 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2131812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathology of thyroid disorders. This study examined the effect of gallic acid (GA) on the oxidative status and expression of liver antioxidant genes including thioredoxin (TXN1 & TXN2) and thioredoxin reductase1 (TXNRd1) in hypo- and hyperthyroid rat models. Forty-nine male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into seven groups as follows: control group, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups respectively induced by propylthiouracil and levothyroxine, hypo- and hyper thyroid-treated groups (where the groups were separately treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of GA daily, orally). The levels of thyroid hormones and serum oxidative stress markers were evaluated after 5 weeks. The relative expression of TXN1,2 and TXNRd1 genes was measured via real-time qRT-PCR. The mean level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde, and uric acid index diminished in the hypothyroid group. Increased TAC reached almost the level of control in hypothyroid groups treated with GA. Elevation of thiol index in the hypothyroid group was observed (p < 0.01), which diminished to the control level after GA treatment. The relative expression of TXN1, TXNRd1, and TXN2 genes in the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups significantly increased compared to the control group (p ≥ 0.05), but in the groups treated with GA, the expression of these genes declined significantly (p ≥ 0.05). Our results indicated GA can affect the expression of TXN system genes in the rat liver. Also, the results suggest GA has a more positive effect on modulating serum oxidative parameters in hypothyroid rat models than in hyperthyroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Najafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Elham Chamani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Asghar Zarban
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rezaei
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wei T, Liu J, Ma S, Wang M, Yuan Q, Huang A, Wu Z, Shang D, Yin P. A Nucleotide Metabolism-Related Gene Signature for Risk Stratification and Prognosis Prediction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on an Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Approach. Metabolites 2023; 13:1116. [PMID: 37999212 PMCID: PMC10673507 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The in-depth study of genes and metabolites related to nucleotide metabolism will provide new ideas for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. This study integrated the transcriptome data of different cancer types to explore the characteristics and significance of nucleotide metabolism-related genes (NMGRs) in different cancer types. Then, we constructed a new HCC classifier and prognosis model based on HCC samples from TCGA and GEO, and detected the gene expression level in the model through molecular biology experiments. Finally, nucleotide metabolism-related products in serum of HCC patients were examined using untargeted metabolomics. A total of 97 NMRGs were obtained based on bioinformatics techniques. In addition, a clinical model that could accurately predict the prognostic outcome of HCC was constructed, which contained 11 NMRGs. The results of PCR experiments showed that the expression levels of these genes were basically consistent with the predicted trends. Meanwhile, the results of untargeted metabolomics also proved that there was a significant nucleotide metabolism disorder in the development of HCC. Our results provide a promising insight into nucleotide metabolism in HCC, as well as a tailored prognostic and chemotherapy sensitivity prediction tool for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianfu Wei
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (T.W.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (T.W.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Shurong Ma
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (T.W.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Mimi Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (T.W.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Anliang Huang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- iPhenome Biotechnology (Yun Pu Kang) Inc., Dalian 116000, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (T.W.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (T.W.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Talamantes S, Lisjak M, Gilglioni EH, Llamoza-Torres CJ, Ramos-Molina B, Gurzov EN. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus as growing aetiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100811. [PMID: 37575883 PMCID: PMC10413159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related complications such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are well-established risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the role of steatosis, hyperinsulinemia and hepatic inflammation in HCC development and progression. We focus on recent findings linking intracellular pathways and transcription factors that can trigger the reprogramming of hepatic cells. In addition, we highlight the role of enzymes in dysregulated metabolic activity and consequent dysfunctional signalling. Finally, we discuss the potential uses and challenges of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat NAFLD/T2D-associated HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Talamantes
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Michela Lisjak
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Eduardo H. Gilglioni
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Camilo J. Llamoza-Torres
- Department of Hepatology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, 30120, Spain
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Esteban N. Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, Wavre, 1300, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xing L, Tang Y, Li L, Tao X. ROS in hepatocellular carcinoma: What we know. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109699. [PMID: 37499994 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a primary liver cancer subtype, has a poor prognosis due to its high degree of malignancy. The lack of early diagnosis makes systemic therapy the only hope for HCC patients with advanced disease; however, resistance to drugs is a major obstacle. In recent years, targeted molecular therapy has gained popularity as a potential treatment for HCC. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are cancer markers and a potential target for HCC therapy, can both promote and inhibit the disease. At present, many studies have examined targeted regulation of ROS in the treatment of HCC. Here, we reviewed the latest drugs that are still in the experimental stage, including nanocarrier drugs, exosome drugs, antibody drugs, aptamer drugs and polysaccharide drugs, to provide new hope for the clinical treatment of HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China; School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China; School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Corrigan H, Dunne A, Purcell N, Guo Y, Wang K, Xuan H, Granato D. Conceptual functional-by-design optimisation of the antioxidant capacity of trans-resveratrol, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid: Application in a functional tea. Food Chem 2023; 428:136764. [PMID: 37463557 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Designing functional foods as delivery systemsmay become a tailored strategy to decrease the risk of noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, this work aims to optimise a combination of t-resveratrol (RES), chlorogenic acid (CHA), and quercetin (QUE) based on antioxidant assays and develop a functional tea formulation enriched with the optimal polyphenol combination (OPM). Experimental results showed that the antioxidant capacity of these compounds is assay- and compound-dependent. A mixture containing 73% RES and 27% QUE maximised the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and FRAP. OPM upregulated the gene expressions of heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, and catalase and decreased the reactive oxygen species generation in L929 fibroblasts. Adding OPM (100 mg/L)to a chamomile tea increased FRAP:39%, DPPH:59%; total phenolic content: 57%, iron reducing capacity: 41%, human plasma protection against oxidation: 67%. However, pasteurisation (63 °C/30 min) decreased onlythe DPPH. Combining technology, engineering, and cell biology was effective for functional tea design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Corrigan
- Bioactivity & Applications Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoife Dunne
- Bioactivity & Applications Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Niamh Purcell
- Bioactivity & Applications Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Yuyang Guo
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongzhuan Xuan
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Daniel Granato
- Bioactivity & Applications Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu Q, Xu L, Ren G, Zhao J, Shao Y, Lu T. Supression Thioredoxin reductase 3 exacerbates the progression of liver cirrhosis via activation of ferroptosis pathway. Life Sci 2023; 321:121591. [PMID: 36934969 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In the past decades, Txnrd3 as selenoprotein is considered to be highly expressed in testis and participate in sperm mature; however its role in liver diseases needs further study. Iron is essential for humans and animals, while its overload could damage to multiple organs. However, role of Txnrd3 and iron in cirrhosis is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty 8-week-old wild-type and forty Txnrd3-/- mice were selected to build liver cirrhosis model using Thiacetamide solution, deposition of iron in liver was observed via Prussian blue staining. Txnrd3 overexpression/knockdown model in vitro was constructed based on cell transfection techniques in AML12 cells, expression abundance of ferroptosis pathway genes within cells and tissues were determined by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that Txnrd3-/- mice developed more pronounced liver damage, accompanied by reduced GPX4 expression and iron deposition. A significant decrease in the expression abundance of GPX4 was also detected in Txnrd3 knock-down AML12 cells. In summary, Txnrd3 knockdown could result in iron overload and ferroptosis pathway activation within liver tissues and hepatocytes, ultimately lead to the occurrence of liver injury and cirrhosis. SIGNIFICANCE These results will provide biological markers for early diagnosis during cirrhosis and lay a theoretical basis for clinical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Liming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Guangming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Jingzhuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Yizhi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Tongyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shao M, Wang Y, Dong H, Wang L, Zhang X, Han X, Sang X, Bao Y, Peng M, Cao G. From liver fibrosis to hepatocarcinogenesis: Role of excessive liver H2O2 and targeting nanotherapeutics. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:187-205. [PMID: 36406254 PMCID: PMC9663332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been worldwide threats nowadays. Liver fibrosis is reversible in early stages but will develop precancerosis of HCC in cirrhotic stage. In pathological liver, excessive H2O2 is generated and accumulated, which impacts the functionality of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), leading to genesis of fibrosis and HCC. H2O2 accumulation is associated with overproduction of superoxide anion (O2•−) and abolished antioxidant enzyme systems. Plenty of therapeutics focused on H2O2 have shown satisfactory effects against liver fibrosis or HCC in different ways. This review summarized the reasons of liver H2O2 accumulation, and the role of H2O2 in genesis of liver fibrosis and HCC. Additionally, nanotherapeutics targeting H2O2 were summarized for further consideration of antifibrotic or antitumor therapy. Liver fibrosis and HCC are closely related because ROS induced liver damage and inflammation, especially over-cumulated H2O2. Excess H2O2 diffusion in pathological liver was due to increased metabolic rate and diminished cellular antioxidant systems. Freely diffused H2O2 damaged liver-specific cells, thereby leading to fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Nanotherapeutics targeting H2O2 are summarized for treatment of liver fibrosis and HCC, and also challenges are proposed.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei X, Zeng Y, Meng F, Wang T, Wang H, Yuan Y, Li D, Zhao Y. Calycosin-7-glucoside promotes mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting thioredoxin 1 to regulate oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 374:110411. [PMID: 36812960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin1 (TRX1) is a key protein that regulates redox and is considered to be a key target for cancer therapy. Flavonoids have been proven to have good antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate whether the flavonoid calycosin-7-glucoside (CG) exerts an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) role by targeting TRX1. Different doses of CG were used to treat HCC cell lines Huh-7 and HepG2 to calculate the IC50. On this basis, the effects of low, medium and high doses of CG on cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress and TRX1 expression of HCC cells were investigated in vitro. Also, HepG2 xenograft mice were used to evaluate the role of CG on HCC growth in vivo. The binding mode of CG and TRX1 was explored by molecular docking. Then si-TRX1 was used to further discover the effects of TRX1 on CG inhibition of HCC. Results found that CG dose-dependent decreased the proliferation activity of Huh-7 and HepG2 cells, induced apoptosis, significantly activated oxidative stress and inhibited TRX1 expression. In vivo experiments also showed that CG dose-dependent regulated oxidative stress and TRX1 expression, and promoted the expression of apoptotic proteins to inhibit HCC growth. Molecular docking confirmed that CG had a good binding effect with TRX1. Intervention with TRX1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells, promoted apoptosis, and further promoted the effect of CG on the activity of HCC cells. In addition, CG significantly increased ROS production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, regulated the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3, and activated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. And si-TRX1 enhanced the effects of CG on mitochondrial function and apoptosis of HCC, suggesting that TRX1 participated in the inhibitory effect of CG on mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of HCC. In conclusion, CG exerts anti-HCC activity by targeting TRX1 to regulate oxidative stress and promote mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wei
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China.
| | - Yanping Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tingpu Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Hebin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Yijun Yuan
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yan H, Talty R, Aladelokun O, Bosenberg M, Johnson CH. Ferroptosis in colorectal cancer: a future target? Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1439-1451. [PMID: 36703079 PMCID: PMC10070248 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and is characterised by frequently mutated genes, such as APC, TP53, KRAS and BRAF. The current treatment options of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery are met with challenges such as cancer recurrence, drug resistance, and overt toxicity. CRC therapies exert their efficacy against cancer cells by activating biological pathways that contribute to various forms of regulated cell death (RCD). In 2012, ferroptosis was discovered as an iron-dependent and lipid peroxide-driven form of RCD. Recent studies suggest that therapies which target ferroptosis are promising treatment strategies for CRC. However, a greater understanding of the mechanisms of ferroptosis initiation, propagation, and resistance in CRC is needed. This review provides an overview of recent research in ferroptosis and its potential role as a therapeutic target in CRC. We also propose future research directions that could help to enhance our understanding of ferroptosis in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ronan Talty
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Oladimeji Aladelokun
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang Z, Bian M, Lv L, Chang X, Wen Z, Li F, Lu Y, Liu W. Tumor-Targeting NHC-Au(I) Complex Induces Immunogenic Cell Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3934-3952. [PMID: 36827091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a promising direction of cancer immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A series of novel NHC-Au(I) complexes derived from 4,5-diarylimidazole, containing glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) as an efficient targeting ligand for HCC, were herein designed and synthesized. Among these, complex 4C exhibited excellent effectiveness for tumor targeting and antitumor activity, which induced the occurrence of ICD in HCC cells. Additionally, 4C can effectively inhibit TrxR enzyme activity, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression, lead to redox homeostasis disorder, mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and cause the characteristic discharge of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in HCC cells. More importantly, 4C showed a great ICD-inducing effect in a vaccination mouse model and activated antitumor immunity in a tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mouse model, which is consistent with the in vitro results. In conclusion, we found the potential of Au(I) complex with HCC-targeted capability for effective tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali 671000, P. R. China
| | - Mianli Bian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Chang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfan Wen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiang X, Gao J, Su D, Shi D. The advancements in targets for ferroptosis in liver diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1084479. [PMID: 36999078 PMCID: PMC10043409 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1084479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death caused by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, and its core is an imbalance of redox reactions. Recent studies showed that ferroptosis played a dual role in liver diseases, that was, as a therapeutic target and a pathogenic factor. Therefore, herein, we summarized the role of ferroptosis in liver diseases, reviewed the part of available targets, such as drugs, small molecules, and nanomaterials, that acted on ferroptosis in liver diseases, and discussed the current challenges and prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Xiang
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danyang Su
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Doudou Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, The Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ji L, Zhang Q, Cao Y, Liu L. A prognostic risk model, tumor immune environment modulation, and drug prediction of ferroptosis and amino acid metabolism-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1173-1189. [PMID: 36892792 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is challenging due to its heterogeneity. Ferroptosis and amino acid metabolism have been shown to be closely related to HCC. We obtained HCC-related expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. We then crossed differentially expressed genes (DEGs), amino acid metabolism genes, and ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) to obtain amino acid metabolism-ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (AAM-FR DEGs). Moreover, we developed a prognostic model using Cox analysis, followed by a correlation analysis of risk scores with clinical characteristics. We also performed an immune microenvironment analysis and drug sensitivity analysis. Finally, the expression levels of model genes were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical assays. We found that the 18 AAM-FR DEGs were mainly enriched to the alpha-amino acid metabolic process and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Cox analysis identified CBS, GPT2, SUV39H1, and TXNRD1 as prognostic biomarkers for the risk model construction. Our results showed that the risk scores differed between pathology stage, pathology T stage, and HBV, and the number of HCC patients in the two groups. In addition, the expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 was high in the high-risk group, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of sorafenib also differed between the two groups. Finally, the experimental validation demonstrated that the expression of biomarkers was consistent with the study analysis. Therefore, in this study, we constructed and validated a prognostic model (CBS, GPT2, SUV39H1, and TXNRD1) related to ferroptosis and amino acid metabolism and examined their prognostic value for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Liver Injury and Digestive System Neoplasms, Provincial Committee of the Medical and Health, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Cancer Center, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Liver Injury and Digestive System Neoplasms, Provincial Committee of the Medical and Health, Taiyuan, China
- Experimental Center of Science and Research, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yumeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Liver Injury and Digestive System Neoplasms, Provincial Committee of the Medical and Health, Taiyuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Liver Injury and Digestive System Neoplasms, Provincial Committee of the Medical and Health, Taiyuan, China.
- Experimental Center of Science and Research, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li J, Wu T, Li S, Chen X, Deng Z, Huang Y. Nanoparticles for cancer therapy: a review of influencing factors and evaluation methods for biosafety. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03117-5. [PMID: 36807057 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are widely used in the biomedical field for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes due to their small size, high carrier capacity, and ease of modification, which enable selective targeting and as contrast agents. Over the past decades, more and more nanoparticles have received regulatory approval to enter the clinic, more nanoparticles have shown potential for clinical translation, and humans have increasing access to them. However, nanoparticles have a high potential to cause unpredictable adverse effects on human organs, tissues, and cells due to their unique physicochemical properties and interactions with DNA, lipids, cells, tissues, proteins, and biological fluids. Currently, issues, such as nanoparticle side effects and toxicity, remain controversial, and these pitfalls must be fully considered prior to their application to body systems. Therefore, it is particularly urgent and important to assess the safety of nanoparticles acting in living organisms. In this paper, we review the important factors influencing the biosafety of nanoparticles in terms of their properties, and introduce common methods to summarize the biosafety evaluation of nanoparticles through in vitro and in body systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Tao Wu
- The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Shiman Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi, Department of Education, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiming Deng
- The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, 415000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang Z, Dai C. Potential Treatment Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Sensitization to Sorafenib. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:257-266. [PMID: 36815094 PMCID: PMC9939808 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s396231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is highly malignant, has a low sensitivity to chemotherapy, and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The last 3 years have seen the emergence of promising targeted therapies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For over 10 years, before the discovery of lenvatinib, sorafenib was only first-line therapeutic agent available for the treatment of advanced HCC. However, several clinical studies have shown that a considerable proportion liver cancer patients are insensitive to sorafenib. Very few patients actually substantially benefit from treatment with sorafenib, and the overall efficacy of the drug has not been satisfactory; therefore, sorafenib has attracted considerable research attention. This study, which is based on previous studies and reports, reviews the potential mechanisms underlying sorafenib resistance and summarizes combination therapies and potential drugs that can be used to sensitize HCC cells to sorafenib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Chaoliu Dai, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China, Email
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Upregulated SSB Is Involved in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Metastasis through the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Antiapoptosis, and Altered ROS Level Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:5207431. [PMID: 36785788 PMCID: PMC9922187 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5207431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, finding new diagnostic and therapeutic targets is vital for HCC patients. Recent studies have shown that dysregulation of RNA-binding proteins is often associated with cancer progression. Several studies have reported that the RNA-binding protein SSB can promote cancer occurrence and progression and is linked to tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which could be a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. However, the expression and function of SSB in HCC remain to be elucidated. Therefore, this study is aimed at clarifying the expression and biological function of SSB in HCC through bioinformatics analysis combined with in vitro experiments. We found that SSB is highly expressed in HCC and is associated with the poor prognosis of HCC patients, and it can serve as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. Knockdown of SSB can inhibit the growth of HCC cells in vitro, increase the level of apoptosis and the expression of pro-apoptosis-related proteins, and decrease the expression of antiapoptotic proteins. Meanwhile, SSB knockdown reduced HCC cell invasiveness, and the expression of EMT-related proteins changed significantly. We also found that the gene SSB was associated with the level of oxidative stress in liver cancer cells, and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased after knockdown of SSB. The results of bioinformatics analysis also showed that high expression of SSB may affect the effect of checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. In conclusion, we found that SSB is highly expressed in HCC and that upregulated SSB can promote the proliferation and metastasis of HCC through antiapoptotic, altered intracellular oxidative stress level, and EMT pathways, which can serve as a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target, and patients with high SSB expression may not have obvious ICB therapy effect.
Collapse
|
33
|
New Insights into the Behavior of NHC-Gold Complexes in Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020466. [PMID: 36839788 PMCID: PMC9963827 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the non-platinum antitumor agents, gold complexes have received increased attention owing to their strong antiproliferative effects, which generally occur through non-cisplatin-like mechanisms of action. Several studies have revealed that many cytotoxic gold compounds, such as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-gold(I) complexes, are potent thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitors. Many other pathways have been supposed to be altered by gold coordination to protein targets. Within this frame, we have selected two gold(I) complexes based on aromatic ligands to be tested on cancer cells. Differently from bis [1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) bromide (Au4BC), bis [1-methyl-3-acridineimidazolin-2-ylidene]gold(I) tetrafluoroborate (Au3BC) inhibited TrxR1 activity in vitro. Treatment of Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, with Au4BC inhibited cell viability, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, caused DNA damage, and induced autophagy and apoptosis. Notably, we found that, although Au3BC inhibited TrxR1 activity, no effect on the cell viabilities of HCC and BC cells was observed. At the molecular level, Au3BC induced a protective response mechanism in Huh7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, by inducing up-regulation of RAD51 and p62 protein expression, two proteins involved in DNA damage repair and autophagy, respectively. RAD51 gene knock-down in HCC cells increased cell sensitivity to Au3BC by significant reduction of cell viability, induction of DNA damage, and induction of apoptosis and autophagy. All together, these results suggest that the tested NHC-Gold complexes, Au3BC and Au4BC, showed different mechanisms of action, either dependent or independent of TrxR1 inhibition. As a result, Au3BC and Au4BC were found to be promising candidates as anticancer drugs for the treatment of HCC and BC.
Collapse
|
34
|
Varlamova EG, Khabatova VV, Gudkov SV, Turovsky EA. Ca 2+-Dependent Effects of the Selenium-Sorafenib Nanocomplex on Glioblastoma Cells and Astrocytes of the Cerebral Cortex: Anticancer Agent and Cytoprotector. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032411. [PMID: 36768736 PMCID: PMC9917080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that sorafenib is recommended for the treatment of oncological diseases of the liver, kidneys, and thyroid gland, and recently it has been used for combination therapy of brain cancer of various genesis, there are still significant problems for its widespread and effective use. Among these problems, the presence of the blood-brain barrier of the brain and the need to use high doses of sorafenib, the existence of mechanisms for the redistribution of sorafenib and its release in the brain tissue, as well as the high resistance of gliomas and glioblastomas to therapy should be considered the main ones. Therefore, there is a need to create new methods for delivering sorafenib to brain tumors, enhancing the therapeutic potential of sorafenib and reducing the cytotoxic effects of active compounds on the healthy environment of tumors, and ideally, increasing the survival of healthy cells during therapy. Using vitality tests, fluorescence microscopy, and molecular biology methods, we showed that the selenium-sorafenib (SeSo) nanocomplex, at relatively low concentrations, is able to bypass the mechanisms of glioblastoma cell chemoresistance and to induce apoptosis through Ca2+-dependent induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, changes in the expression of selenoproteins and selenium-containing proteins, as well as key kinases-regulators of oncogenicity and cell death. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) also have a high anticancer efficacy in glioblastomas, but are less selective, since SeSo in cortical astrocytes causes a more pronounced activation of the cytoprotective pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Venera V. Khabatova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilove st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilove st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu Y, Chen M. Letter regarding "Auranofin attenuates hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via NRF2 and NF-κB signaling pathways". Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:163-164. [PMID: 36300328 PMCID: PMC9845684 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Corresponding author : Mingkai Chen Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China Tel: +86-13720330580, Fax: +86-27-88042292, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Falchetti M, Delgobo M, Zancanaro H, Almeida K, das Neves RN, Dos Santos B, Stefanes NM, Bishop A, Santos-Silva MC, Zanotto-Filho A. Omics-based identification of an NRF2-related auranofin resistance signature in cancer: Insights into drug repurposing. Comput Biol Med 2023; 152:106347. [PMID: 36493734 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Auranofin is a thioredoxin reductase-1 inhibitor originally approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, auranofin has been repurposed as an anticancer drug, with pharmacological activity reported in multiple cancer types. In this study, we characterized transcriptional and genetic alterations associated with auranofin response in cancer. By integrating data from an auranofin cytotoxicity screen with transcriptome profiling of lung cancer cell lines, we identified an auranofin resistance signature comprising 29 genes, most of which are classical targets of the transcription factor NRF2, such as genes involved in glutathione metabolism (GCLC, GSR, SLC7A11) and thioredoxin system (TXN, TXNRD1). Pan-cancer analysis revealed that mutations in NRF2 pathway genes, namely KEAP1 and NFE2L2, are strongly associated with overexpression of the auranofin resistance gene set. By clustering cancer types based on auranofin resistance signature expression, hepatocellular carcinoma, and a subset of non-small cell lung cancer, head-neck squamous cell carcinoma, and esophageal cancer carrying NFE2L2/KEAP1 mutations were predicted resistant, whereas leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma were predicted sensitive to auranofin. Cell viability assays in a panel of 20 cancer cell lines confirmed the augmented sensitivity of hematological cancers to auranofin; an effect associated with dependence upon glutathione and decreased expression of NRF2 target genes involved in GSH synthesis and recycling (GCLC, GCLM and GSR) in these cancer types. In summary, the omics-based identification of sensitive/resistant cancers and genetic alterations associated with these phenotypes may guide an appropriate repurposing of auranofin in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Falchetti
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Delgobo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Helena Zancanaro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karoline Almeida
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Barbara Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Marcéli Stefanes
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental e Hemopatias (LOEH), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alexander Bishop
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Maria Cláudia Santos-Silva
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental e Hemopatias (LOEH), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil. https://labcancer.paginas.ufsc.br
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Optimization of the Solvent and In Vivo Administration Route of Auranofin in a Syngeneic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Glioblastoma Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122761. [PMID: 36559255 PMCID: PMC9783082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antineoplastic activity of the thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR) inhibitor, auranofin (AF), has already been investigated in various cancer mouse models as a single drug, or in combination with other molecules. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature on the solvent, dose and administration route of AF treatment in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the solvent and administration route of AF in a syngeneic SB28 glioblastoma (GBM) C57BL/6J and a 344SQ non-small cell lung cancer 129S2/SvPasCrl (129) mouse model. Compared to daily intraperitoneal injections and subcutaneous delivery of AF via osmotic minipumps, oral gavage for 14 days was the most suitable administration route for high doses of AF (10-15 mg/kg) in both mouse models, showing no measurable weight loss or signs of toxicity. A solvent comprising 50% DMSO, 40% PEG300 and 10% ethanol improved the solubility of AF for oral administration in mice. In addition, we confirmed that AF was a potent TrxR inhibitor in SB28 GBM tumors at high doses. Taken together, our results and results in the literature indicate the therapeutic value of AF in several in vivo cancer models, and provide relevant information about AF's optimal administration route and solvent in two syngeneic cancer mouse models.
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun H, Wang H, Zhang W, Mao H, Li B. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals resident progenitor and vascularization-associated cell subpopulations in rat annulus fibrosus. J Orthop Translat 2022; 38:256-267. [PMID: 36568849 PMCID: PMC9758498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the main causes of low back pain is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Annulus fibrosus (AF) is important for the integrity and functions of the intervertebral disc (IVD). However, the resident functional cell components such as progenitors and vascularization-associated cells in AF are yet to be fully identified. Purpose Identification of functional AF cell subpopulations including resident progenitors and vascularization-associated cells. Methods In this study, the single-cell RNA sequencing data of rat IVDs from a public database were analyzed using Seurat for cell clustering, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for functional analysis, StemID for stem cell identification, Monocle and RNA velocity for pseudotime differentiation trajectory validation, single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) for gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis, and CellChat for cell-cell interaction analysis. Immunostaining on normal and degenerated rat IVDs, as well as human AF, was used for validations. Results From the data analysis, seven AF cell clusters were identified, including two newly discovered functional clusters, the Grem1 + subpopulation and the Lum + subpopulation. The Grem1 + subpopulation had progenitor characteristics, while the Lum + subpopulation was associated with vascularization during IDD. The GRN analysis showed that Sox9 and Id1 were among the key regulators in the Grem1 + subpopulation, and Nr2f2 and Creb5 could be responsible for the vascularization function in the Lum + subpopulation. Cell-cell interaction analysis revealed highly regulated cellular communications between these cells, and multiple signaling networks including PDGF and MIF signaling pathways were involved in the interactions. Conclusions Our results revealed two new functional AF cell subpopulations, with stemness and vascularization induction potential, respectively. The Translational potential of this article These findings complement our knowledge about IVDs, especially the AF, and in return provide potential cell source and regulation targets for IDD treatment and tissue repair. The existence of the cell subpopulations was also validated in human AF, which strengthen the clinical relevance of the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijiao Mao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author. 178 Ganjiang Rd, Rm 201 Bldg 18, Soochow University (North Campus), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Effects of Antioxidant Gene Overexpression on Stress Resistance and Malignization In Vitro and In Vivo: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122316. [PMID: 36552527 PMCID: PMC9774954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal products of a number of biochemical reactions and are important signaling molecules. However, at the same time, they are toxic to cells and have to be strictly regulated by their antioxidant systems. The etiology and pathogenesis of many diseases are associated with increased ROS levels, and many external stress factors directly or indirectly cause oxidative stress in cells. Within this context, the overexpression of genes encoding the proteins in antioxidant systems seems to have become a viable approach to decrease the oxidative stress caused by pathological conditions and to increase cellular stress resistance. However, such manipulations unavoidably lead to side effects, the most dangerous of which is an increased probability of healthy tissue malignization or increased tumor aggression. The aims of the present review were to collect and systematize the results of studies devoted to the effects resulting from the overexpression of antioxidant system genes on stress resistance and carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In most cases, the overexpression of these genes was shown to increase cell and organism resistances to factors that induce oxidative and genotoxic stress but to also have different effects on cancer initiation and promotion. The last fact greatly limits perspectives of such manipulations in practice. The overexpression of GPX3 and SOD3 encoding secreted proteins seems to be the "safest" among the genes that can increase cell resistance to oxidative stress. High efficiency and safety potential can also be found for SOD2 overexpression in combinations with GPX1 or CAT and for similar combinations that lead to no significant changes in H2O2 levels. Accumulation, systematization, and the integral analysis of data on antioxidant gene overexpression effects can help to develop approaches for practical uses in biomedical and agricultural areas. Additionally, a number of factors such as genetic and functional context, cell and tissue type, differences in the function of transcripts of one and the same gene, regulatory interactions, and additional functions should be taken into account.
Collapse
|
40
|
USF2-mediated upregulation of TXNRD1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating Akt/mTOR signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:917. [PMID: 36319631 PMCID: PMC9626593 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) is one of the major redox regulators in mammalian cells, which has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, its roles and regulatory mechanism underlying the progression of HCC remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that TXNRD1 was significantly upregulated in HCC tumor tissues and correlated with poor survival in HCC patients. Functional studies indicated TXNRD1 knockdown substantially suppressed HCC cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, and its overexpression showed opposite effects. Mechanistically, TXNRD1 attenuated the interaction between Trx1 and PTEN which resulting in acceleration of PTEN degradation, thereby activated Akt/mTOR signaling and its target genes which conferred to elevated HCC cell mobility and metastasis. Moreover, USF2 was identified as a transcriptional suppressor of TXNRD1, which directly interacted with two E-box sites in TXNRD1 promoter. USF2 functioned as tumor suppressor through the downstream repression of TXNRD1. Further clinical data revealed negative co-expression correlations between USF2 and TXNRD1. In conclusion, our findings reveal that USF2-mediated upregulation of TXNRD1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating Akt/mTOR signaling.
Collapse
|
41
|
Shimada BK, Swanson S, Toh P, Seale LA. Metabolism of Selenium, Selenocysteine, and Selenoproteins in Ferroptosis in Solid Tumor Cancers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1581. [PMID: 36358931 PMCID: PMC9687593 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential target of precision nutrition in cancer therapeutics is the micronutrient selenium (Se). Se is metabolized and incorporated as the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) into 25 human selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) and thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs), among others. Both the processes of Se and Sec metabolism for the production of selenoproteins and the action of selenoproteins are utilized by cancer cells from solid tumors as a protective mechanism against oxidative damage and to resist ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death mechanism. Protection against ferroptosis in cancer cells requires sustained production of the selenoprotein GPX4, which involves increasing the uptake of Se, potentially activating Se metabolic pathways such as the trans-selenation pathway and the TXNRD1-dependent decomposition of inorganic selenocompounds to sustain GPX4 synthesis. Additionally, endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins also affect apoptotic responses in the presence of selenocompounds. Selenoproteins may also help cancer cells adapting against increased oxidative damage and the challenges of a modified nutrient metabolism that result from the Warburg switch. Finally, cancer cells may also rewire the selenoprotein hierarchy and use Se-related machinery to prioritize selenoproteins that are essential to the adaptations against ferroptosis and oxidative damage. In this review, we discuss both the evidence and the gaps in knowledge on how cancer cells from solid tumors use Se, Sec, selenoproteins, and the Se-related machinery to promote their survival particularly via resistance to ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucia A. Seale
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhao C, Zhang Z, Jing T. A novel signature of combing cuproptosis- with ferroptosis-related genes for prediction of prognosis, immunologic therapy responses and drug sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1000993. [PMID: 36249031 PMCID: PMC9562991 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOur study aimed to construct a novel signature (CRFs) of combing cuproptosis-related genes with ferroptosis-related genes for the prediction of the prognosis, responses of immunological therapy, and drug sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.MethodsThe RNA sequencing and corresponding clinical data of patients with HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), GSE76427, GSE144269, GSE140580, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and IMvigor210 cohorts. CRFs was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. The analyses involved in the prognosis, response to immunologic therapy, efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy, and drug sensitivity were performed. Furthermore, the molecular function, somatic mutation, and stemness analyses were further performed between the low- and high-risk groups, respectively. In this study, the statistical analyses were performed by using the diverse packages of R 4.1.3 software and Cytoscape 3.8.0.ResultsCRFs included seven genes (G6PD, NRAS, RRM2, SQSTM1, SRXN1, TXNRD1, and ZFP69B). Multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that CRFs were an independent risk factor for prognosis. In addition, these patients in the high-risk group presented with worse prognoses and a significant state of immunosuppression. Moreover, patients in the high-risk group might achieve greater outcomes after receiving immunologic therapy, while patients in the low-risk group are sensitive to TACE. Furthermore, we discovered that patients in the high-risk group may benefit from the administration of sunitinib. In addition, enhanced mRANsi and tumor mutation burden (TMB) yielded in the high-risk group. Additionally, the functions enriched in the low-risk group differed from those in the other group.ConclusionIn summary, CRFs may be regarded not only as a novel biomarker of worse prognosis, but also as an excellent predictor of immunotherapy response, efficacy of TACE and drug sensitivity in HCC, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen Y, Wu G, Li M, Hesse M, Ma Y, Chen W, Huang H, Liu Y, Xu W, Tang Y, Zheng H, Li C, Lin Z, Chen G, Liao W, Liao Y, Bin J, Chen Y. LDHA-mediated metabolic reprogramming promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation by alleviating ROS and inducing M2 macrophage polarization. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102446. [PMID: 36057161 PMCID: PMC9437906 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Metabolic switching during heart development contributes to postnatal cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle exit and loss of regenerative capacity in the mammalian heart. Metabolic control has potential for developing effective CM proliferation strategies. We sought to determine whether lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) regulated CM proliferation by inducing metabolic reprogramming. Methods and results LDHA expression was high in P1 hearts and significantly decreased during postnatal heart development. CM-specific LDHA knockout mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. CM-specific LDHA knockout inhibited CM proliferation, leading to worse cardiac function and a lower survival rate in the neonatal apical resection model. In contrast, CM-specific overexpression of LDHA promoted CM proliferation and cardiac repair post-MI. The α-MHC-H2B-mCh/CAG-eGFP-anillin system was used to confirm the proliferative effect triggered by LDHA on P7 CMs and adult hearts. Metabolomics, proteomics and Co-IP experiments indicated that LDHA-mediated succinyl coenzyme A reduction inhibited succinylation-dependent ubiquitination of thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), which alleviated ROS and thereby promoted CM proliferation. In addition, flow cytometry and western blotting showed that LDHA-driven lactate production created a beneficial cardiac regenerative microenvironment by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. Conclusions LDHA-mediated metabolic reprogramming promoted CM proliferation by alleviating ROS and inducing M2 macrophage polarization, indicating that LDHA might be an effective target for promoting cardiac repair post-MI. Succinylation-dependent ubiquitination of Txnrd1 is a new mechanism involved in LDHA-mediated ROS alleviation during cardiomyocyte proliferation. LDHA-driven lactate production created a beneficial cardiac regenerative microenvironment by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. LDHA-mediated metabolic reprogramming promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation, indicating that LDHA might be a therapeutic target to promote cardiac repair post-MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangkai Wu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengsha Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guizhou University Hospital, Guiyang Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yusheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxiang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Tang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuling Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dual-target inhibitors of indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase 1 (Ido1): A promising direction in cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114524. [PMID: 35696861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the first step, and the kynurenine pathway plays a fundamental role in immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, researchers are vigorously developing IDO1 inhibitors, hoping to apply them to cancer immunotherapy. Nowadays, there have been 11 kinds of IDO1 inhibitors entering clinical trials, among which many inhibitors have shown good tumor inhibitory effect in phase I/II clinical trials. But the phase III study of the most promising IDO1 inhibitor compound 29 (Epacadostat) failed in 2018, which may be caused by the compensation effect offered by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), the mismatched drug combination strategies, or other reasons. Luckily, dual-target inhibitors show great potential and advantages in solving these problems. In recent years, many studies have linked IDO1 to popular targets and selected many IDO1 dual-target inhibitors through pharmacophore fusion strategy and library construction, which enhance the tumor inhibitory effect and reduce side effects. Currently, three kinds of IDO1/TDO dual-target inhibitors have entered clinical trials, and extensive studies have been developing on IDO1 dual-target inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the IDO1 dual-target inhibitors developed in recent years and focus on the structure optimization process, structure-activity relationship, and the efficacy of in vitro and in vivo experiments, shedding a light on the pivotal significance of IDO1 dual-target inhibitors in the treatment of cancer, providing inspiration for the development of new IDO1 dual-target inhibitors.
Collapse
|
45
|
1,3-Benzodioxole Derivatives Improve the Anti-Tumor Efficiency of Arsenicals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136930. [PMID: 35805931 PMCID: PMC9266561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenicals have been widely used in the treatment of cancers such as leukemia and other tumors. However, their side effects limit their clinical application. Stiripentol, a second-line adjunctive treatment for epilepsy with a good safety profile, inhibits microsomal cytochrome-P450-family enzymes to extend the retention time of co-administration. Inspired by the metabolism of stiripentol, the 1,3-benzodioxole responsible for the inhibition and its metabolic derivatives were conjugated with arsenical precursors. The fabricated arsenicals were eliminated much slower in mice and maintained an efficient concentration in the blood for a longer time than that of the arsenical precursors. They also performed better in anti-proliferation by inhibiting the thioredoxin system to induce oxidative stress, and concomitantly to initiate apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The fabricated arsenicals reversed the hemogram of tumor-bearing mice to normal and eliminated the tumor without causing damage to any organs, exhibiting a good design strategy and pre-clinical application for leukemia and other tumors.
Collapse
|
46
|
Varlamova EG, Goltyaev MV, Simakin AV, Gudkov SV, Turovsky EA. Comparative Analysis of the Cytotoxic Effect of a Complex of Selenium Nanoparticles Doped with Sorafenib, "Naked" Selenium Nanoparticles, and Sorafenib on Human Hepatocyte Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6641. [PMID: 35743086 PMCID: PMC9223423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of sorafenib as one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of liver cancer, its significant limitations remain-poor solubility, the need to use high doses with the ensuing complications on healthy tissues and organs, and the formation of cell resistance to the drug. At the same time, there is more and more convincing evidence of the anticancer effect of selenium-containing compounds and nanoparticles. The aim of this work was to develop a selenium-sorafenib nanocomplex and study the molecular mechanisms of its anticancer effect on human hepatocyte carcinoma cells, where nanoselenium is not only a sorafenib transporter, but also an active compound. We have created a selenium-sorafenib nanocomplex based on selenium nanoparticles with size 100 nm. Using vitality tests, fluorescence microscopy, and PCR analysis, it was possible to show that selenium nanoparticles, both by themselves and doped with sorafenib, have a pronounced pro-apoptotic effect on HepG2 cells with an efficiency many times greater than that of sorafenib (So). "Naked" selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and the selenium-sorafenib nanocomplex (SeSo), already after 24 h of exposure, lead to the induction of the early stages of apoptosis with the transition to the later stages with an increase in the incubation time up to 48 h. At the same time, sorafenib, at the studied concentrations, began to exert a proapoptotic effect only after 48 h. Under the action of SeNPs and SeSo, both classical pathways of apoptosis induction and ER-stress-dependent pathways involving Ca2+ ions are activated. Thus, sorafenib did not cause the generation of Ca2+ signals by HepG2 cells, while SeNPs and SeSo led to the activation of the Ca2+ signaling system of cells. At the same time, the selenium-sorafenib nanocomplex turned out to be more effective in activating the Ca2+ signaling system of cells, inducing apoptosis and ER stress by an average of 20-25% compared to "naked" selenium nanoparticles. Our data on the mechanisms of action and the created nanocomplex are promising as a platform for the creation of highly selective and effective drugs with targeted delivery to tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Mikhail V. Goltyaev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Aleksander V. Simakin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilove St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilove St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jovanović M, Podolski-Renić A, Krasavin M, Pešić M. The Role of the Thioredoxin Detoxification System in Cancer Progression and Resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:883297. [PMID: 35664671 PMCID: PMC9161637 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.883297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular redox homeostasis is a dynamic balancing system between the levels of free radical species and antioxidant enzymes and small molecules at the core of cellular defense mechanisms. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is an important detoxification system regulating the redox milieu. This system is one of the key regulators of cells’ proliferative potential as well, through the reduction of key proteins. Increased oxidative stress characterizes highly proliferative, metabolically hyperactive cancer cells, which are forced to mobilize antioxidant enzymes to balance the increase in free radical concentration and prevent irreversible damage and cell death. Components of the Trx system are involved in high-rate proliferation and activation of pro-survival mechanisms in cancer cells, particularly those facing increased oxidative stress. This review addresses the importance of the targetable redox-regulating Trx system in tumor progression, as well as in detoxification and protection of cancer cells from oxidative stress and drug-induced cytotoxicity. It also discusses the cancer cells’ counteracting mechanisms to the Trx system inhibition and presents several inhibitors of the Trx system as prospective candidates for cytostatics’ adjuvants. This manuscript further emphasizes the importance of developing novel multitarget therapies encompassing the Trx system inhibition to overcome cancer treatment limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Jovanović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Organic Chemistry Division, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Milica Pešić, , orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-8239
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yu S, Wang H, Gao J, Liu L, Sun X, Wang Z, Wen P, Shi X, Shi J, Guo W, Zhang S. Identification of Context-Specific Fitness Genes Associated With Metabolic Rearrangements for Prognosis and Potential Treatment Targets for Liver Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:863536. [PMID: 35646101 PMCID: PMC9136325 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.863536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the most frequent fatal malignancy. Furthermore, there is a lack of effective therapeutics for this cancer type. To construct a prognostic model for potential beneficiary screens and identify novel treatment targets, we used an adaptive daisy model (ADaM) to identify context-specific fitness genes from the CRISPR-Cas9 screens database, DepMap. Functional analysis and prognostic significance were assessed using data from TCGA and ICGC cohorts, while drug sensitivity analysis was performed using data from the Liver Cancer Model Repository (LIMORE). Finally, a 25-gene prognostic model was established. Patients were then divided into high- and low-risk groups; the high-risk group had a higher stemness index and shorter overall survival time than the low-risk group. The C-index, time-dependent ROC curves, and multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the excellent prognostic ability of this model. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the importance of metabolic rearrangements and serine/threonine kinase activity, which could be targeted by trametinib and is the key pathway in regulating liver cancer cell viability. In conclusion, the present study provides a prognostic model for patients with liver cancer and might help in the exploration of novel therapeutic targets to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory for Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoren Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory for Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory for Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory for Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory for Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peihao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory for Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory for Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jihua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory for Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory for Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory for Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuijun Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lin W, Tang Y, Zhang M, Liang B, Wang M, Zha L, Yu Z. Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals TXNRD1 as a Novel Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:894584. [PMID: 35646965 PMCID: PMC9133447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.894584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a life-threatening cardiopulmonary disease lacking specific diagnostic markers and targeted therapy, and its mechanism of development remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in IPAH by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Four eligible datasets (GSE117261, GSE15197, GSE53408, GSE48149) was firstly downloaded from GEO database and subsequently integrated by Robust rank aggregation (RRA) method to screen robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then functional annotation of robust DEGs was performed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed followed by using MCODE and CytoHubba plug-in to identify hub genes. Finally, 10 hub genes were screened including ENO1, TALDO1, TXNRD1, SHMT2, IDH1, TKT, PGD, CXCL10, CXCL9, and CCL5. The GSE113439 dataset was used as a validation cohort to appraise these hub genes and TXNRD1 was selected for verification at the protein level. The experiment results confirmed that serum TXNRD1 concentration was lower in IPAH patients and the level of TXNRD1 had great predictive efficiency (AUC:0.795) as well as presents negative correlation with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Consistently, the expression of TXNRD1 was proved to be inhibited in animal and cellular model of PAH. In addition, GSEA analysis was performed to explore the functions of TXNRD1 and the results revealed that TXNRD1 was closely correlated with mTOR signaling pathway, MYC targets, and unfolded protein response. Finally, knockdown of TXNRD1 was shown to exacerbate proliferative disorder, migration and apoptosis resistance in PASMCs. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that TXNRD1 is a promising candidate biomarker for diagnosis of IPAH and plays an important role in PAH pathogenesis, although further research is necessary.
Collapse
|
50
|
Gamberi T, Chiappetta G, Fiaschi T, Modesti A, Sorbi F, Magherini F. Upgrade of an old drug: Auranofin in innovative cancer therapies to overcome drug resistance and to increase drug effectiveness. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1111-1146. [PMID: 34850406 PMCID: PMC9299597 DOI: 10.1002/med.21872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Auranofin is an oral gold(I) compound, initially developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Currently, Auranofin is under investigation for oncological application within a drug repurposing plan due to the relevant antineoplastic activity observed both in vitro and in vivo tumor models. In this review, we analysed studies in which Auranofin was used as a single drug or in combination with other molecules to enhance their anticancer activity or to overcome chemoresistance. The analysis of different targets/pathways affected by this drug in different cancer types has allowed us to highlight several interesting targets and effects of Auranofin besides the already well-known inhibition of thioredoxin reductase. Among these targets, inhibitory-κB kinase, deubiquitinates, protein kinase C iota have been frequently suggested. To rationalize the effects of Auranofin by a system biology-like approach, we exploited transcriptomic data obtained from a wide range of cell models, extrapolating the data deposited in the Connectivity Maps website and we attempted to provide a general conclusion and discussed the major points that need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Giovanni Chiappetta
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics GroupPlasticité du Cerveau UMR 8249 CNRSParisESPCI Paris‐PSLFrance
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Flavia Sorbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Francesca Magherini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| |
Collapse
|