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Minnella A, McCusker KP, Amagata A, Trias B, Weetall M, Latham JC, O'Neill S, Wyse RK, Klein MB, Trimmer JK. Targeting ferroptosis with the lipoxygenase inhibitor PTC-041 as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309893. [PMID: 39292705 PMCID: PMC11410249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting nearly 10 million people worldwide. Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of regulated cell death characterized by 15-lipoxygenase-mediated hydroperoxidation of membrane lipids, has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Pharmacological inhibition of 15 -lipoxygenase to prevent iron- and lipid peroxidation-associated ferroptotic cell death is a rational strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We report here the characterization of PTC-041 as an anti-ferroptotic reductive lipoxygenase inhibitor developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In these studies, PTC-041 potently protects primary human Parkinson's disease patient-derived fibroblasts from lipid peroxidation and subsequent ferroptotic cell death and prevents ferroptosis-related neuronal loss and astrogliosis in primary rat neuronal cultures. Additionally, PTC-041 prevents ferroptotic-mediated α-synuclein protein aggregation and nitrosylation in vitro, suggesting a potential role for anti-ferroptotic lipoxygenase inhibitors in mitigating pathogenic aspects of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease. We further found that PTC-041 protects against synucleinopathy in vivo, demonstrating that PTC-041 treatment of Line 61 transgenic mice protects against α-synuclein aggregation and phosphorylation as well as prevents associated neuronal and non-neuronal cell death. Finally, we show that. PTC-041 protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced motor deficits in a hemiparkinsonian rat model, further validating the potential therapeutic benefits of lipoxygenase inhibitors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Minnella
- PTC Therapeutics, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin P McCusker
- PTC Therapeutics, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Akiko Amagata
- PTC Therapeutics, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Beatrice Trias
- PTC Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joey C Latham
- PTC Therapeutics, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Sloane O'Neill
- PTC Therapeutics, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | | | - Matthew B Klein
- PTC Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey K Trimmer
- PTC Therapeutics, Mountain View, California, United States of America
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Chen ZK, Liu YY, Zhou JC, Chen GH, Liu CF, Qu WM, Huang ZL. Insomnia-related rodent models in drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1777-1792. [PMID: 38671193 PMCID: PMC11335876 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread prevalence and important medical impact of insomnia, effective agents with few side effects are lacking in clinics. This is most likely due to relatively poor understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of insomnia, and the lack of appropriate animal models for screening new compounds. As the main homeostatic, circadian, and neurochemical modulations of sleep remain essentially similar between humans and rodents, rodent models are often used to elucidate the mechanisms of insomnia and to develop novel therapeutic targets. In this article, we focus on several rodent models of insomnia induced by stress, diseases, drugs, disruption of the circadian clock, and other means such as genetic manipulation of specific neuronal activity, respectively, which could be used to screen for novel hypnotics. Moreover, important advantages and constraints of some animal models are discussed. Finally, this review highlights that the rodent models of insomnia may play a crucial role in novel drug development to optimize the management of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep; and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep; and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ji-Chuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep; and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep; and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Joint International Research Laboratory of Sleep; and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Hong H, Wang Y, Menard M, Buckley JA, Zhou L, Volpicelli-Daley L, Standaert DG, Qin H, Benveniste EN. Suppression of the JAK/STAT pathway inhibits neuroinflammation in the line 61-PFF mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:216. [PMID: 39218899 PMCID: PMC11368013 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by neuroinflammation, progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) into insoluble aggregates called Lewy pathology. The Line 61 α-Syn mouse is an established preclinical model of PD; Thy-1 is used to promote human α-Syn expression, and features of sporadic PD develop at 9-18 months of age. To accelerate the PD phenotypes, we injected sonicated human α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum, which produced phospho-Syn (p-α-Syn) inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta and significantly increased MHC Class II-positive immune cells. Additionally, there was enhanced infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells in the midbrain. We then used this new model, Line 61-PFF, to investigate the effect of inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which is critical for regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. After administration of the JAK1/2 inhibitor AZD1480, immunofluorescence staining showed a significant decrease in p-α-Syn inclusions and MHC Class II expression. Flow cytometry showed reduced infiltration of CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, CD19+ B-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and endogenous microglia into the midbrain. Importantly, single-cell RNA-Sequencing analysis of CD45+ cells from the midbrain identified 9 microglia clusters, 5 monocyte/macrophage (MM) clusters, and 5 T-cell (T) clusters, in which potentially pathogenic MM4 and T3 clusters were associated with neuroinflammatory responses in Line 61-PFF mice. AZD1480 treatment reduced cell numbers and cluster-specific expression of the antigen-presentation genes H2-Eb1, H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, and Cd74 in the MM4 cluster and proinflammatory genes such as Tnf, Il1b, C1qa, and C1qc in the T3 cluster. Together, these results indicate that inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway suppresses the activation and infiltration of innate and adaptive cells, reducing neuroinflammation in the Line 61-PFF mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Hong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 907, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 907, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Marissa Menard
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jessica A Buckley
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 907, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lianna Zhou
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 907, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Laura Volpicelli-Daley
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 907, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 907, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Guimarães RP, de Resende MCS, Tavares MM, Belardinelli de Azevedo C, Ruiz MCM, Mortari MR. Construct, Face, and Predictive Validity of Parkinson's Disease Rodent Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8971. [PMID: 39201659 PMCID: PMC11354451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease globally. Current drugs only alleviate symptoms without halting disease progression, making rodent models essential for researching new therapies and understanding the disease better. However, selecting the right model is challenging due to the numerous models and protocols available. Key factors in model selection include construct, face, and predictive validity. Construct validity ensures the model replicates pathological changes seen in human PD, focusing on dopaminergic neurodegeneration and a-synuclein aggregation. Face validity ensures the model's symptoms mirror those in humans, primarily reproducing motor and non-motor symptoms. Predictive validity assesses if treatment responses in animals will reflect those in humans, typically involving classical pharmacotherapies and surgical procedures. This review highlights the primary characteristics of PD and how these characteristics are validated experimentally according to the three criteria. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool for researchers in selecting the most appropriate animal model based on established validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayanne Poletti Guimarães
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
| | - Maria Clara Souza de Resende
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
| | - Miguel Mesquita Tavares
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
| | - Caio Belardinelli de Azevedo
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
| | - Miguel Cesar Merino Ruiz
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
- Neurological Rehabilitation Unit, Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasília 70335-901, Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
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Deng Z, Li L, Jing Z, Luo X, Yu F, Zeng W, Bi W, Zou J. Association between environmental phthalates exposure and gut microbiota and metabolome in dementia with Lewy bodies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108806. [PMID: 38908272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has shown the potential involvement of phthalates (PAEs) exposure in the development of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Metabolomics can reflect endogenous metabolites variation in the progress of disease after chemicals exposure. However, little is known about the association between PAEs, gut microbiota and metabolome in DLB. OBJECTIVE We aim to explore the intricate relationship among urinary PAEs metabolites (mPAEs), dysbiosis of gut bacteria, and metabolite profiles in DLB. METHODS A total of 43 DLB patients and 45 normal subjects were included in this study. Liquid chromatography was used to analyze the levels of mPAEs in the urine of the two populations. High-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze gut microbiota and the profile of gut metabolome, respectively. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment was performed to verify the potential role of mPAEs on gut dysbiosis contribute to aggravating cognitive dysfunction in α-synuclein tg DLB/PD mice. RESULTS The DLB patients had higher DEHP metabolites (MEOHP, MEHHP and MEHP), MMP and MnBP, lower MBP and MBzP than the control group and different microbiota. A significantly higher abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus and lower Prevotella copri, Prevotella stercorea and Bifidobacterium were observed in DLB. Higher 3 DEHP metabolites, MMP, MnBP and lower MBP and MBzP were significantly negatively associated with Prevotella copri, Prevotella stercorea and Bifidobacterium. Additionally, using metabolomics, we found that altered bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and amino acids metabolism are linked to these mPAEs. We further found that FMT of fecal microbiota from highest DEHP metabolites donors significantly impaired cognitive function in the germ-free DLB/PD mice. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that PAEs exposure may alter the microbiota-gut-brain axis and providing novel insights into the interactions among environmental perturbations and microbiome-host in pathogenesis of DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Neuromedicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, PR China
| | - Zhen Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Xi Luo
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla NY 10595, United States
| | - Wenshuang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Neuromedicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, PR China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China.
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China.
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Lau K, Kotzur R, Richter F. Blood-brain barrier alterations and their impact on Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and therapy. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:37. [PMID: 39075566 PMCID: PMC11285262 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations in Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with rapidly rising prevalence. Altered tight junction and transporter protein levels, accumulation of α-synuclein and increase in inflammatory processes lead to extravasation of blood molecules and vessel degeneration. This could result in a self-perpetuating pathophysiology of inflammation and BBB alteration, which contribute to neurodegeneration. Toxin exposure or α-synuclein over-expression in animal models has been shown to initiate similar pathologies, providing a platform to study underlying mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on BBB alterations in PD patients and how rodent models that replicate some of these changes can be used to study disease mechanisms. Specific challenges in assessing the BBB in patients and in healthy controls are discussed. Finally, a potential role of BBB alterations in disease pathogenesis and possible implications for therapy are explored. The interference of BBB alterations with current and novel therapeutic strategies requires more attention. Brain region-specific BBB alterations could also open up novel opportunities to target specifically vulnerable neuronal subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kotzur
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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Haikal C, Winston GM, Kaplitt MG. Cognitive dysfunction in animal models of human lewy-body dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1369733. [PMID: 39104707 PMCID: PMC11298446 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1369733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are a common feature of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. These pathologies are characterized by accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites as well as neuronal cell death. Alpha-synuclein is the main proteinaceous component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. To model these pathologies in vivo, toxins that selectively target certain neuronal populations or different means of inducing alpha-synuclein aggregation can be used. Alpha-synuclein accumulation can be induced by genetic manipulation, viral vector overexpression or the use of preformed fibrils of alpha-synuclein. In this review, we summarize the cognitive impairments associated with different models of synucleinopathies and relevance to observations in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Haikal
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, NY, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Graham M. Winston
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, NY, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Michael G. Kaplitt
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, NY, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
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Baek S, Jang J, Jung HJ, Lee H, Choe Y. Advanced Immunolabeling Method for Optical Volumetric Imaging Reveals Dystrophic Neurites of Dopaminergic Neurons in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3976-3999. [PMID: 38049707 PMCID: PMC11236860 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical brain clearing combined with immunolabeling is valuable for analyzing molecular tissue structures, including complex synaptic connectivity. However, the presence of aberrant lipid deposition due to aging and brain disorders poses a challenge for achieving antibody penetration throughout the entire brain volume. Herein, we present an efficient brain-wide immunolabeling method, the immuno-active clearing technique (iACT). The treatment of brain tissues with a zwitterionic detergent, specifically SB3-12, significantly enhanced tissue permeability by effectively mitigating lipid barriers. Notably, Quadrol treatment further refines the methodology by effectively eliminating residual detergents from cleared brain tissues, subsequently amplifying volumetric fluorescence signals. Employing iACT, we uncover disrupted axonal projections within the mesolimbic dopaminergic (DA) circuits in 5xFAD mice. Subsequent characterization of DA neural circuits in 5xFAD mice revealed proximal axonal swelling and misrouting of distal axonal compartments in proximity to amyloid-beta plaques. Importantly, these structural anomalies in DA axons correlate with a marked reduction in DA release within the nucleus accumbens. Collectively, our findings highlight the efficacy of optical volumetric imaging with iACT in resolving intricate structural alterations in deep brain neural circuits. Furthermore, we unveil the compromised integrity of DA pathways, contributing to the underlying neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. The iACT technique thus holds significant promise as a valuable asset for advancing our understanding of complex neurodegenerative disorders and may pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonbong Baek
- Developmental Disorders & Rare Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemyung Jang
- Developmental Disorders & Rare Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Developmental Disorders & Rare Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Developmental Disorders & Rare Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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Schreiber CS, Wiesweg I, Stanelle-Bertram S, Beck S, Kouassi NM, Schaumburg B, Gabriel G, Richter F, Käufer C. Sex-specific biphasic alpha-synuclein response and alterations of interneurons in a COVID-19 hamster model. EBioMedicine 2024; 105:105191. [PMID: 38865747 PMCID: PMC11293593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently leads to neurological complications after recovery from acute infection, with higher prevalence in women. However, mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 disrupts brain function remain unclear and treatment strategies are lacking. We previously demonstrated neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb of intranasally infected hamsters, followed by alpha-synuclein and tau accumulation in cortex, thus mirroring pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. METHODS To uncover the sex-specific spatiotemporal profiles of neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction following intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection, we quantified microglia cell density, alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity and inhibitory interneurons in cortical regions, limbic system and basal ganglia at acute and late post-recovery time points. FINDINGS Unexpectedly, microglia cell density and alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity decreased at 6 days post-infection, then rebounded to overt accumulation at 21 days post-infection. This biphasic response was most pronounced in amygdala and striatum, regions affected early in Parkinson's disease. Several brain regions showed altered densities of parvalbumin and calretinin interneurons which are involved in cognition and motor control. Of note, females appeared more affected. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 profoundly disrupts brain homeostasis without neuroinvasion, via neuroinflammatory and protein regulation mechanisms that persist beyond viral clearance. The regional patterns and sex differences are in line with neurological deficits observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. FUNDING Federal Ministry of Health, Germany (BMG; ZMV I 1-2520COR501 to G.G.), Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (BMBF; 03COV06B to G.G.), Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony in Germany (14-76403-184, to G.G. and F.R.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Sophie Schreiber
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Germany
| | - Ivo Wiesweg
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Beck
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Mounogou Kouassi
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Berfin Schaumburg
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Germany.
| | - Christopher Käufer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Germany.
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10
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Selvaraj DB, Panneerselvam A, Vergil Andrews JF, Kandasamy M. Cysteamine HCl Administration Impedes Motor and Olfactory Functions, Accompanied by a Reduced Number of Dopaminergic Neurons, in Experimental Mice: A Preclinical Mimetic Relevant to Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:632. [PMID: 39061373 PMCID: PMC11275195 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine hydrochloride (Cys-HCl) has been established as a potent ulcerogenic agent of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. GI dysfunction and olfactory deficits are the most common clinical symptoms of many movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Cys-HCl has been shown to interfere with dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for motor, olfactory, and cognitive functions. However, the reports on the effect of Cys-HCl treatment on the behavioral aspects and functions of the dopamine system appear to be inconsistent. Therefore, we revisited the impact of Cys-HCl on the motor function in experimental mice using a battery of behavioral tests, such as the pole test (PT), beam-walking test (BWT), and rotarod test (RDT), while the olfactory ability and cognitive functions were examined through the buried-food test (BFT) and Y-maze test. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of Cys-HCl on the number of dopaminergic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the substantia nigra (SN) and olfactory bulb (OB) of the experimental mice using immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that Cys-HCl administration in the mice induced significant impairments in their motor balance and coordination, as their movement-related performances were markedly reduced in terms of the behavioral tasks. Mice exposed to Cys-HCl showed pronounced reductions in their odor discrimination abilities as well as cognitive impairments. Strikingly, the number of TH-positive neurons was found to be reduced in the SN and OB of the Cys-HCl-treated group, which is a bonafide neuropathogenic hallmark of PD. This study highlights the potential neurotoxic effects of Cys-HCl in experimental brains and suggests further investigation into its role in the pathogenesis of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bharathi Selvaraj
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; (D.B.S.); (J.F.V.A.)
| | - Anusiya Panneerselvam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India;
| | - Jemi Feiona Vergil Andrews
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; (D.B.S.); (J.F.V.A.)
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; (D.B.S.); (J.F.V.A.)
- University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), New Delhi 110002, India
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11
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Nakos Bimpos M, Karali K, Antoniou C, Palermos D, Fouka M, Delis A, Tzieras I, Chrousos GP, Koutmani Y, Stefanis L, Polissidis A. Alpha-synuclein-induced stress sensitivity renders the Parkinson's disease brain susceptible to neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:100. [PMID: 38886854 PMCID: PMC11181569 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A link between chronic stress and Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis is emerging. Ample evidence demonstrates that the presynaptic neuronal protein alpha-synuclein (asyn) is closely tied to PD pathogenesis. However, it is not known whether stress system dysfunction is present in PD, if asyn is involved, and if, together, they contribute to neurodegeneration. To address these questions, we assess stress axis function in transgenic rats overexpressing full-length wildtype human asyn (asyn BAC rats) and perform multi-level stress and PD phenotyping following chronic corticosterone administration. Stress signaling, namely corticotropin-releasing factor, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression, is also examined in post-mortem PD patient brains. Overexpression of human wildtype asyn leads to HPA axis dysregulation in rats, while chronic corticosterone administration significantly aggravates nigrostriatal degeneration, serine129 phosphorylated asyn (pS129) expression and neuroinflammation, leading to phenoconversion from a prodromal to an overt motor PD phenotype. Interestingly, chronic corticosterone in asyn BAC rats induces a robust, twofold increase in pS129 expression in the hypothalamus, the master regulator of the stress response, while the hippocampus, both a regulator and a target of the stress response, also demonstrates elevated pS129 asyn levels and altered markers of stress signalling. Finally, defective hippocampal stress signalling is mirrored in human PD brains and correlates with asyn expression levels. Taken together, our results link brain stress system dysregulation with asyn and provide evidence that elevated circulating glucocorticoids can contribute to asyn-induced neurodegeneration, ultimately triggering phenoconversion from prodromal to overt PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modestos Nakos Bimpos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Karali
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Athens International Master's Programme in Neurosciences, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Illisia, Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Antoniou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Athens International Master's Programme in Neurosciences, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Illisia, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Palermos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Fouka
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Delis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Iason Tzieras
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - George Panagiotis Chrousos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute on Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Yassemi Koutmani
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece
- 1St Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexia Polissidis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens - BRFAA, 11527, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Science and Mathematics, ACG-Research Center, Deree - American College of Greece, 15342, Athens, Greece.
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12
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Morais LH, Boktor JC, MahmoudianDehkordi S, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Mazmanian SK. α-Synuclein Overexpression and the Microbiome Shape the Gut and Brain Metabolome in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.597975. [PMID: 38915679 PMCID: PMC11195096 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.597975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Pathological forms of the protein α-synuclein contribute to a family of disorders termed synucleinopathies, which includes Parkinson's disease (PD). Most cases of PD are believed to arise from gene-environment interactions. Microbiome composition is altered in PD, and gut bacteria are causal to symptoms and pathology in animal models. To explore how the microbiome may impact PD-associated genetic risks, we quantitatively profiled nearly 630 metabolites from 26 biochemical classes in the gut, plasma, and brain of α-synuclein-overexpressing (ASO) mice with or without microbiota. We observe tissue-specific changes driven by genotype, microbiome, and their interaction. Many differentially expressed metabolites in ASO mice are also dysregulated in human PD patients, including amine oxides, bile acids and indoles. Notably, levels of the microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) strongly correlate from the gut to the plasma to the brain, identifying a product of gene-environment interactions that may influence PD-like outcomes in mice. TMAO is elevated in the blood and cerebral spinal fluid of PD patients. These findings uncover broad metabolomic changes that are influenced by the intersection of host genetics and the microbiome in a mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia H. Morais
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Joseph C. Boktor
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | | | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarkis K. Mazmanian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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13
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Hong H, Wang Y, Menard M, Buckley J, Zhou L, Volpicelli-Daley L, Standaert D, Qin H, Benveniste E. Suppression of the JAK/STAT Pathway Inhibits Neuroinflammation in the Line 61-PFF Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4307273. [PMID: 38766241 PMCID: PMC11100885 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4307273/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by neuroinflammation, progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, and accumulation of a-synuclein (a-Syn) into insoluble aggregates called Lewy pathology. The Line 61 a-Syn mouse is an established preclinical model of PD; Thy-1 is used to promote human a-Syn expression, and features of sporadic PD develop at 9-18 months of age. To accelerate the PD phenotypes, we injected sonicated human a-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum, which produced phospho-Syn (p-a-Syn) inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta and significantly increased MHC Class II-positive immune cells. Additionally, there was enhanced infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells in the midbrain. We then used this new model, Line 61-PFF, to investigate the effect of inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which is critical for regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. After administration of the JAK1/2 inhibitor AZD1480, immunofluorescence staining showed a significant decrease in p-a-Syn inclusions and MHC Class II expression. Flow cytometry showed reduced infiltration of CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, CD19+ B-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and endogenous microglia into the midbrain. Importantly, single-cell RNA-Sequencing analysis of CD45+ cells from the midbrain identified 9 microglia clusters, 5 monocyte/macrophage (MM) clusters, and 5 T-cell (T) clusters, in which potentially pathogenic MM4 and T3 clusters were associated with neuroinflammatory responses in Line 61-PFF mice. AZD1480 treatment reduced cell numbers and cluster-specific expression of the antigen-presentation genes H2-Eb1, H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, and Cd74 in the MM4 cluster and proinflammatory genes such as Tnf, Il1b, C1qa, and C1qc in the T3 cluster. Together, these results indicate that inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway suppresses the activation and infiltration of innate and adaptive cells, reducing neuroinflammation in the Line 61-PFF mouse model.
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14
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Iba M, Kwon S, Kim C, Szabo M, Horan-Portelance L, Lopez-Ocasio M, Dagur P, Overk C, Rissman RA, Masliah E. Immunotherapy with an antibody against CD1d modulates neuroinflammation in an α-synuclein transgenic model of Lewy body like disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:93. [PMID: 38622654 PMCID: PMC11017481 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory process in synucleinopathies of the aging population such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) involves microglial activation as well as infiltration of the CNS by T cells and natural killer T cells (NKTs). To evaluate the potential of targeting NKT cells to modulate neuroinflammation, we treated α-syn transgenic (tg) mice (e.g.: Thy1 promoter line 61) with an antibody against CD1d, which is a glycoprotein expressed in antigen presenting cells (APCs). CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate NKT cells through the interaction with T cell receptor in NKTs, resulting in the production of cytokines. Thus, we hypothesized that blocking the APC-NKT interaction with an anti-CD1d antibody might reduce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in models of DLB/PD. Treatment with the anti-CD1d antibody did not have effects on CD3 (T cells), slightly decreased CD4 and increased CD8 lymphocytes in the mice. Moreover, double labeling studies showed that compared to control (IgG) treated α-syn tg mice, treatment with anti-CD1d decreased numbers of CD3/interferon γ (IFN γ)-positive cells, consistent with NKTs. Further double labeling studies showed that CD1d-positive cells co-localized with the astrocytes marker GFAP and that anti-CD1d antibody reduced this effect. While in control α-syn tg mice CD3 positive cells were near astrocytes, this was modified by the treatment with the CD1d antibody. By qPCR, levels of IFN γ, CCL4, and interleukin-6 were increased in the IgG treated α-syn tg mice. Treatment with CD1d antibody blunted this cytokine response that was associated with reduced astrocytosis and microgliosis in the CNS of the α-syn tg mice treated with CD1d antibody. Flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in α-syn tg mice revealed that CD1d-tet + T cells were also increased in the spleen of α-syn tg mice, which treatment with the CD1d antibody reduced. Reduced neuroinflammation in the anti-CD1d-treated α-syn tg mice was associated with amelioration of neurodegenerative pathology. These results suggest that reducing infiltration of NKT cells with an antibody against CD1d might be a potential therapeutical approach for DLB/PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Iba
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Somin Kwon
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marcell Szabo
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Liam Horan-Portelance
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Lopez-Ocasio
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pradeep Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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15
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Oliveira da Silva MI, Santejo M, Babcock IW, Magalhães A, Minamide LS, Won SJ, Castillo E, Gerhardt E, Fahlbusch C, Swanson RA, Outeiro TF, Taipa R, Ruff M, Bamburg JR, Liz MA. α-Synuclein triggers cofilin pathology and dendritic spine impairment via a PrP C-CCR5 dependent pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:264. [PMID: 38615035 PMCID: PMC11016063 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction and dementia are critical symptoms of Lewy Body dementias (LBD). Specifically, alpha-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation in the hippocampus leading to synaptic dysfunction is linked to cognitive deficits in LBD. Here, we investigated the pathological impact of αSyn on hippocampal neurons. We report that either αSyn overexpression or αSyn pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) treatment triggers the formation of cofilin-actin rods, synapse disruptors, in cultured hippocampal neurons and in the hippocampus of synucleinopathy mouse models and of LBD patients. In vivo, cofilin pathology is present concomitantly with synaptic impairment and cognitive dysfunction. Rods generation prompted by αSyn involves the co-action of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) and the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). Importantly, we show that CCR5 inhibition, with a clinically relevant peptide antagonist, reverts dendritic spine impairment promoted by αSyn. Collectively, we detail the cellular and molecular mechanism through which αSyn disrupts hippocampal synaptic structure and we identify CCR5 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent synaptic impairment and cognitive dysfunction in LBD.
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Grants
- R01 AG049668 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 NS105774 NINDS NIH HHS
- R43 AG071064 NIA NIH HHS
- S10 OD025127 NIH HHS
- Applicable Funding Source FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 – Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028336 (PTDC/MED-NEU/28336/2017); National Funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the project IF/00902/2015; R&D@PhD from Luso-American Development Foundation (FLAD); FLAD Healthcare 2020; and Programme for Cooperation in Science between Portugal and Germany 2018/2019 (FCT/DAAD). Márcia A Liz is supported by CEECINST/00091/2018.
- FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 – Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028336 (PTDC/MED-NEU/28336/2017); National Funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the project IF/00902/2015; R&D@PhD from Luso-American Development Foundation (FLAD); FLAD Healthcare 2020; and Programme for Cooperation in Science between Portugal and Germany 2018/2019 (FCT/DAAD).
- Generous gifts to the Colorado State University Development Fund (J.R.B) and by the National Institutes on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01AG049668, 1S10OD025127 (J.R.B), and R43AG071064 (J.R.B).
- National Institutes on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under award number RO1NS105774 (R.A.S).
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2067/1- 390729940) and SFB1286 (Project B8)
- Generous gifts to the Colorado State University Development Fund (J.R.B) and by the National Institutes on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01AG049668, 1S10OD025127 (J.R.B), R43AG071064 (J.R.B)
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina I Oliveira da Silva
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC -Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Santejo
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC -Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaac W Babcock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Addiction Biology Group, IBMC -Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laurie S Minamide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Seok-Joon Won
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Erika Castillo
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Fahlbusch
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo Taipa
- Neuropathology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
- Autoimmune and Neuroscience Research Group, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael Ruff
- Creative Bio-Peptides, Rockville, MD, 20854, USA
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Márcia A Liz
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC -Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Silva RH, Lopes-Silva LB, Cunha DG, Becegato M, Ribeiro AM, Santos JR. Animal Approaches to Studying Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38391730 PMCID: PMC10887213 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent efforts to search for biomarkers for the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), the presence of risk factors, prodromal signs, and family history still support the classification of individuals at risk for this disease. Human epidemiological studies are useful in this search but fail to provide causality. The study of well-known risk factors for PD in animal models can help elucidate mechanisms related to the disease's etiology and contribute to future prevention or treatment approaches. This narrative review aims to discuss animal studies that investigated four of the main risk factors and/or prodromal signs related to PD: advanced age, male sex, sleep alterations, and depression. Different databases were used to search the studies, which were included based on their relevance to the topic. Although still in a reduced number, such studies are of great relevance in the search for evidence that leads to a possible early diagnosis and improvements in methods of prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - L B Lopes-Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - D G Cunha
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - M Becegato
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Santos
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana 49500-000, SE, Brazil
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17
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Keomanivong C, Schamp J, Tabakovic E, Thangavel R, Aldridge G, Pieper AA, Narayanan NS. Mice Expressing A53T/A30P Mutant Alpha-Synuclein in Dopamine Neurons Do Not Display Behavioral Deficits. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0170-23.2023. [PMID: 38351057 PMCID: PMC10866330 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0170-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, with A53T and A30P mutations shown to be disease causing. It has been reported that hemizygous transgenic mice with tyrosine hydroxylase promotor-driven expression of A53T/A30P mutant alpha-synuclein in dopamine neurons provide a useful preclinical model of these conditions by virtue of developing behavioral deficits. Here, we report a lack of replication of this finding. Despite detecting robust overexpression of A53T/A30P mutant alpha-synuclein in dopamine neurons, we did not observe decreased tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence or behavioral deficits in these mice. Our results demonstrate that preclinical models of synucleinopathy need careful validation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ervina Tabakovic
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52245, Iowa
| | | | | | - Andrew A Pieper
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland 44106, Ohio; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44106, Ohio; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland 44106, Ohio; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44106, Ohio; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44106, Ohio; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44106, Ohio; Translational Therapeutics Core, Cleveland Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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18
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Alwani A, Maziarz K, Burda G, Jankowska-Kiełtyka M, Roman A, Łyszczarz G, Er S, Barut J, Barczyk-Woźnicka O, Pyza E, Kreiner G, Nalepa I, Chmielarz P. Investigating the potential effects of α-synuclein aggregation on susceptibility to chronic stress in a mouse Parkinson's disease model. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1474-1487. [PMID: 37725330 PMCID: PMC10661792 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a motor disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, putatively due to the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies (LBs) in Substantia Nigra. PD is also associated with the formation of LBs in brain areas responsible for emotional and cognitive regulation such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, and concurrent depression prevalence in PD patients. The exact link between dopaminergic cell loss, α-syn aggregation, depression, and stress, a major depression risk factor, is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the interplay between sensitivity to chronic stress and α-syn aggregation. METHODS Bilateral injections of α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum of C57Bl/6 J mice were used to induce α-syn aggregation. Three months after injections, animals were exposed to chronic social defeat stress. RESULTS α-syn aggregation did not affect stress susceptibility but independently caused increased locomotor activity in the open field test, reduced anxiety in the light-dark box test, and increased active time in the tail suspension test. Ex vivo analysis revealed modest dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra and reduced dopaminergic innervation in the dorsal striatum in PFFs injected groups. α-Syn aggregates were prominent in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and substantia nigra, with minimal α-syn aggregation in the raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus. CONCLUSIONS Progressive bilateral α-syn aggregation might lead to compensatory activity increase and alterations in emotionally regulated behavior, without affecting stress susceptibility. Understanding how α-syn aggregation and degeneration in specific brain structures contribute to depression and anxiety in PD patients requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alwani
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maziarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Burda
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Jankowska-Kiełtyka
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Roman
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Łyszczarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Safak Er
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justyna Barut
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woźnicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Nalepa
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Chmielarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Kim JE, Kwon KC, Jin YJ, Seol A, Song HJ, Roh YJ, Kim TR, Park ES, Park GH, Park JW, Jung YS, Cho JY, Hwang DY. Compositional changes in fecal microbiota in a new Parkinson's disease model: C57BL/6-Tg(NSE-haSyn) mice. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:30. [PMID: 37968765 PMCID: PMC10647134 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis (GBA) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has only been investigated in limited mice models despite dysbiosis of the gut microbiota being considered one of the major treatment targets for neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, this study examined the compositional changes of fecal microbiota in novel transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing human α-synuclein (hαSyn) proteins under the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) to analyze the potential as GBA model. RESULTS The expression level of the αSyn proteins was significantly higher in the substantia nigra and striatum of NSE-hαSyn Tg mice than the Non-Tg mice, while those of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were decreased in the same group. In addition, a decrease of 72.7% in the fall times and a 3.8-fold increase in the fall number was detected in NSE-hαSyn Tg mice. The villus thickness and crypt length on the histological structure of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract decreased in NSE-hαSyn Tg mice. Furthermore, the NSE-hαSyn Tg mice exhibited a significant increase in 11 genera, including Scatolibacter, Clostridium, Feifania, Lachnoclostridium, and Acetatifactor population, and a decrease in only two genera in Ligilactobacillus and Sangeribacter population during enhancement of microbiota richness and diversity. CONCLUSIONS The motor coordination and balance dysfunction of NSE-hαSyn Tg mice may be associated with compositional changes in gut microbiota. In addition, these mice have potential as a GBA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ki Chun Kwon
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You Jeong Jin
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ayun Seol
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Roh
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Tae Ryeol Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Eun Seo Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Gi Ho Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Joon Yong Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea.
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20
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Lim MJ, Boschen SL, Kurti A, Castanedes Casey M, Phillips VR, Fryer JD, Dickson D, Jansen-West KR, Petrucelli L, Delenclos M, McLean PJ. Investigating the Pathogenic Interplay of Alpha-Synuclein, Tau, and Amyloid Beta in Lewy Body Dementia: Insights from Viral-Mediated Overexpression in Transgenic Mouse Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2863. [PMID: 37893236 PMCID: PMC10604054 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewy body dementia (LBD) is an often misdiagnosed and mistreated neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by the emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms followed by motor impairment. LBD falls within an undefined range between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) due to the potential pathogenic synergistic effects of tau, beta-amyloid (Aβ), and alpha-synuclein (αsyn). A lack of reliable and relevant animal models hinders the elucidation of the molecular characteristics and phenotypic consequences of these interactions. Here, the goal was to evaluate whether the viral-mediated overexpression of αsyn in adult hTau and APP/PS1 mice or the overexpression of tau in Line 61 hThy1-αsyn mice resulted in pathology and behavior resembling LBD. The transgenes were injected intravenously via the tail vein using AAV-PHP.eB in 3-month-old hThy1-αsyn, hTau, or APP/PS1 mice that were then aged to 6-, 9-, and 12-months-old for subsequent phenotypic and histological characterization. Although we achieved the widespread expression of αsyn in hTau and tau in hThy1-αsyn mice, no αsyn pathology in hTau mice and only mild tau pathology in hThy1-αsyn mice was observed. Additionally, cognitive, motor, and limbic behavior phenotypes were not affected by overexpression of the transgenes. Furthermore, our APP/PS1 mice experienced premature deaths starting at 3 months post-injection (MPI), therefore precluding further analyses at later time points. An evaluation of the remaining 3-MPI indicated no αsyn pathology or cognitive and motor behavioral changes. Taken together, we conclude that the overexpression of αsyn in hTau and APP/PS1 mice and tau in hThy1-αsyn mice does not recapitulate the behavioral and neuropathological phenotypes observed in LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina J. Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (M.J.L.); (S.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.C.C.); (V.R.P.); (D.D.); (K.R.J.-W.); (L.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Suelen L. Boschen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (M.J.L.); (S.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.C.C.); (V.R.P.); (D.D.); (K.R.J.-W.); (L.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Aishe Kurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (M.J.L.); (S.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.C.C.); (V.R.P.); (D.D.); (K.R.J.-W.); (L.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Monica Castanedes Casey
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (M.J.L.); (S.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.C.C.); (V.R.P.); (D.D.); (K.R.J.-W.); (L.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Virginia R. Phillips
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (M.J.L.); (S.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.C.C.); (V.R.P.); (D.D.); (K.R.J.-W.); (L.P.); (M.D.)
| | - John D. Fryer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;
| | - Dennis Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (M.J.L.); (S.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.C.C.); (V.R.P.); (D.D.); (K.R.J.-W.); (L.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Karen R. Jansen-West
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (M.J.L.); (S.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.C.C.); (V.R.P.); (D.D.); (K.R.J.-W.); (L.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (M.J.L.); (S.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.C.C.); (V.R.P.); (D.D.); (K.R.J.-W.); (L.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Marion Delenclos
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (M.J.L.); (S.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.C.C.); (V.R.P.); (D.D.); (K.R.J.-W.); (L.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Pamela J. McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (M.J.L.); (S.L.B.); (A.K.); (M.C.C.); (V.R.P.); (D.D.); (K.R.J.-W.); (L.P.); (M.D.)
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21
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Lau K, Porschen LT, Richter F, Gericke B. Microvascular blood-brain barrier alterations in isolated brain capillaries of mice over-expressing alpha-synuclein (Thy1-aSyn line 61). Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106298. [PMID: 37716515 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is suggested to play a critical role in the pathological mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD-related pathology such as alpha-synuclein accumulation and inflammatory processes potentially affect the integrity of the BBB early in disease progression, which in turn may alter the crosstalk of the central and peripheral immune response. Importantly, BBB dysfunction could also affect drug response in PD. Here we analyzed microvascular changes in isolated brain capillaries and brain sections on a cellular and molecular level during disease progression in an established PD mouse model that overexpresses human wild-type alpha-synuclein (Thy1-aSyn, line 61). BBB alterations observed in Thy1-aSyn mice included reduced vessel density, reduced aquaporin-4 coverage, reduced P-glycoprotein expression, increased low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 expression, increased pS129-alpha-synuclein deposition, and increased adhesion protein and matrix metalloprotease expression together with alterations in tight junction proteins. Striatal capillaries presented with more dysregulated BBB integrity markers compared to cortical capillaries. These alterations of BBB integrity lead, however, not to an overt IgG leakage in brain parenchyma. Our data reveals intricate alterations in key proteins of BBB function together with histological evidence for altered structure of the brain vasculature. Thy1-aSyn mice represent a useful model to investigate therapeutic targeting of BBB alterations in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lisa T Porschen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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22
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Cools R, Kerkhofs K, Leitao RCF, Bormans G. Preclinical Evaluation of Novel PET Probes for Dementia. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:599-629. [PMID: 37149435 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel PET imaging agents that selectively bind specific dementia-related targets can contribute significantly to accurate, differential and early diagnosis of dementia causing diseases and support the development of therapeutic agents. Consequently, in recent years there has been a growing body of literature describing the development and evaluation of potential new promising PET tracers for dementia. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of novel dementia PET probes under development, classified by their target, and pinpoints their preclinical evaluation pathway, typically involving in silico, in vitro and ex/in vivo evaluation. Specific target-associated challenges and pitfalls, requiring extensive and well-designed preclinical experimental evaluation assays to enable successful clinical translation and avoid shortcomings observed for previously developed 'well-established' dementia PET tracers are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Cools
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kobe Kerkhofs
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; NURA, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Renan C F Leitao
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Domenicale C, Magnabosco S, Morari M. Modeling Parkinson's disease in LRRK2 rodents. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220040. [PMID: 37601008 PMCID: PMC10432857 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Sporadic PD and LRRK2 PD share main clinical and neuropathological features, namely hypokinesia, degeneration of nigro-striatal dopamine neurons and α-synuclein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies. Animals harboring the most common LRRK2 mutations, i.e. p.G2019S and p.R1441C/G, have been generated to replicate the parkinsonian phenotype and investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Disappointingly, however, LRRK2 rodents did not consistently phenocopy hypokinesia and nigro-striatal degeneration, or showed Lewy body-like aggregates. Instead, LRRK2 rodents manifested non-motor signs and dysregulated transmission at dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic synapses that are reminiscent of behavioral and functional network changes observed in the prodromal phase of the disease. LRRK2 rodents also manifested greater susceptibility to different parkinsonian toxins or stressors when subjected to dual-hit or multiple-hit protocols, confirming LRRK2 mutations as genetic risk factors. In conclusion, LRRK2 rodents represent a unique tool to identify the molecular mechanisms through which LRRK2 modulates the course and clinical presentations of PD and to study the interplay between genetic, intrinsic and environmental protective/risk factors in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Domenicale
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Magnabosco
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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24
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Schmitt V, Masanetz RK, Weidenfeller M, Ebbinghaus LS, Süß P, Rosshart SP, von Hörsten S, Zunke F, Winkler J, Xiang W. Gut-to-brain spreading of pathology in synucleinopathies: A focus on molecular signalling mediators. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114574. [PMID: 37423320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders, classically characterized by the accumulation of aggregated alpha synuclein (aSyn) in the central nervous system. Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are the two prominent members of this family. Current treatment options mainly focus on the motor symptoms of these diseases. However, non-motor symptoms, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, have recently gained particular attention, as they are frequently associated with synucleinopathies and often arise before motor symptoms. The gut-origin hypothesis has been proposed based on evidence of an ascending spreading pattern of aggregated aSyn from the gut to the brain, as well as the comorbidity of inflammatory bowel disease and synucleinopathies. Recent advances have shed light on the mechanisms underlying the progression of synucleinopathies along the gut-brain axis. Given the rapidly expanding pace of research in the field, this review presents a summary of the latest findings on the gut-to-brain spreading of pathology and potential pathology-reinforcing mediators in synucleinopathies. Here, we focus on 1) gut-to-brain communication pathways, including neuronal pathways and blood circulation, and 2) potential molecular signalling mediators, including bacterial amyloid proteins, microbiota dysbiosis-induced alterations in gut metabolites, as well as host-derived effectors, including gut-derived peptides and hormones. We highlight the clinical relevance and implications of these molecular mediators and their possible mechanisms in synucleinopathies. Moreover, we discuss their potential as diagnostic markers in distinguishing the subtypes of synucleinopathies and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as for developing novel individualized therapeutic options for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Rebecca Katharina Masanetz
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Martin Weidenfeller
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Lara Savannah Ebbinghaus
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Patrick Süß
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Stephan P Rosshart
- Department of Microbiome Research, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department for Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Preclinical Experimental Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
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25
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Rocha E, Chamoli M, Chinta SJ, Andersen JK, Wallis R, Bezard E, Goldberg M, Greenamyre T, Hirst W, Kuan WL, Kirik D, Niedernhofer L, Rappley I, Padmanabhan S, Trudeau LE, Spillantini M, Scott S, Studer L, Bellantuono I, Mortiboys H. Aging, Parkinson's Disease, and Models: What Are the Challenges? AGING BIOLOGY 2023; 1:e20230010. [PMID: 38978807 PMCID: PMC11230631 DOI: 10.59368/agingbio.20230010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor, alongside multiple nonmotor symptoms. The appearance of motor symptoms is linked to progressive dopaminergic neuron loss within the substantia nigra. PD incidence increases sharply with age, suggesting a strong association between mechanisms driving biological aging and the development and progression of PD. However, the role of aging in the pathogenesis of PD remains understudied. Numerous models of PD, including cell models, toxin-induced models, and genetic models in rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs), reproduce different aspects of PD, but preclinical studies of PD rarely incorporate age as a factor. Studies using patient neurons derived from stem cells via reprogramming methods retain some aging features, but their characterization, particularly of aging markers and reproducibility of neuron type, is suboptimal. Investigation of age-related changes in PD using animal models indicates an association, but this is likely in conjunction with other disease drivers. The biggest barrier to drawing firm conclusions is that each model lacks full characterization and appropriate time-course assessments. There is a need to systematically investigate whether aging increases the susceptibility of mouse, rat, and NHP models to develop PD and understand the role of cell models. We propose that a significant investment in time and resources, together with the coordination and sharing of resources, knowledge, and data, is required to accelerate progress in understanding the role of biological aging in PD development and improve the reliability of models to test interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rocha
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Shankar J Chinta
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Ruby Wallis
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tim Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - We-Li Kuan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deniz Kirik
- Brain Repair and Imaging in Neural Systems (BRAINS), Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Irit Rappley
- Recursion pharmaceuticals, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Department of pharmacology and physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Spillantini
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ilaria Bellantuono
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kindgom
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26
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Price DL, Khan A, Angers R, Cardenas A, Prato MK, Bani M, Bonhaus DW, Citron M, Biere AL. In vivo effects of the alpha-synuclein misfolding inhibitor minzasolmin supports clinical development in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:114. [PMID: 37460603 PMCID: PMC10352257 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct targeting of alpha-synuclein (ASYN) has emerged as a disease-modifying strategy for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies which is being approached using both small molecule compounds and ASYN-targeted biologics. Minzasolmin (UCB0599) is an orally bioavailable and brain-penetrant small molecule ASYN misfolding inhibitor in clinical development as a disease-modifying therapeutic for Parkinson's disease. Herein the results of preclinical evaluations of minzasolmin that formed the basis for subsequent clinical development are described. Pharmacokinetic evaluations of intraperitoneal 1 and 5 mg/kg minzasolmin in wildtype mice revealed parallel and dose-proportional exposures in brain and plasma. Three-month administration studies in the Line 61 transgenic mouse model of PD were conducted to measure ASYN pathology and other PD-relevant endpoints including markers of CNS inflammation, striatal DAT labeling and gait. Reductions in ASYN pathology were correlated with improved aspects of gait and balance, reductions in CNS inflammation marker abundance, and normalized striatal DAT levels. These findings provide support for human dose determinations and have informed the translational strategy for clinical trial design and biomarker selection for the ongoing clinical studies of minzasolmin in patients living with early-stage Parkinson's disease (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04658186; EudraCT Number 2020-003265).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asma Khan
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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Schonhoff AM, Figge DA, Williams GP, Jurkuvenaite A, Gallups NJ, Childers GM, Webster JM, Standaert DG, Goldman JE, Harms AS. Border-associated macrophages mediate the neuroinflammatory response in an alpha-synuclein model of Parkinson disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3754. [PMID: 37365181 PMCID: PMC10293214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic cell loss due to the accumulation of α-syn is a core feature of the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. Neuroinflammation specifically induced by α-synuclein has been shown to exacerbate neurodegeneration, yet the role of central nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages in this process remains unclear. We found that a specific subset of CNS resident macrophages, border-associated macrophages (BAMs), play an essential role in mediating α-synuclein related neuroinflammation due to their unique role as the antigen presenting cells necessary to initiate a CD4 T cell response whereas the loss of MHCII antigen presentation on microglia had no effect on neuroinflammation. Furthermore, α-synuclein expression led to an expansion in border-associated macrophage numbers and a unique damage-associated activation state. Through a combinatorial approach of single-cell RNA sequencing and depletion experiments, we found that border-associated macrophages played an essential role in immune cell recruitment, infiltration, and antigen presentation. Furthermore, border-associated macrophages were identified in post-mortem PD brain in close proximity to T cells. These results point to a role for border-associated macrophages in mediating the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease through their role in the orchestration of the α-synuclein-mediated neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Schonhoff
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - D A Figge
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G P Williams
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - A Jurkuvenaite
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - N J Gallups
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - G M Childers
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - J M Webster
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - D G Standaert
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - J E Goldman
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - A S Harms
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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28
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Lai TT, Gericke B, Feja M, Conoscenti M, Zelikowsky M, Richter F. Anxiety in synucleinopathies: neuronal circuitry, underlying pathomechanisms and current therapeutic strategies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:97. [PMID: 37349373 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by alpha-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation in neurons or glial cells, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). αSyn-related pathology plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies leading to the progressive loss of neuronal populations in specific brain regions and the development of motor and non-motor symptoms. Anxiety is among the most frequent non-motor symptoms in patients with PD, but it remains underrecognized and undertreated, which significantly reduces the quality of life for patients. Anxiety is defined as a neuropsychiatric complication with characteristics such as nervousness, loss of concentration, and sweating due to the anticipation of impending danger. In patients with PD, neuropathology in the amygdala, a central region in the anxiety and fear circuitry, may contribute to the high prevalence of anxiety. Studies in animal models reported αSyn pathology in the amygdala together with alteration of anxiety or fear learning response. Therefore, understanding the progression, extent, and specifics of pathology in the anxiety and fear circuitry in synucleinopathies will suggest novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Here, we provide an overview of studies that address neuropsychiatric symptoms in synucleinopathies. We offer insights into anxiety and fear circuitry in animal models and the current implications for therapeutic intervention. In summary, it is apparent that anxiety is not a bystander symptom in these disorders but reflects early pathogenic mechanisms in the cortico-limbic system which may even contribute as a driver to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Feja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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29
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Iba M, Kim C, Kwon S, Szabo M, Horan-Portelance L, Peer CJ, Figg WD, Reed X, Ding J, Lee SJ, Rissman RA, Cookson MR, Overk C, Wrasidlo W, Masliah E. Inhibition of p38α MAPK restores neuronal p38γ MAPK and ameliorates synaptic degeneration in a mouse model of DLB/PD. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq6089. [PMID: 37163617 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Activation of the p38α MAPK isoform and mislocalization of the p38γ MAPK isoform are associated with neuroinflammation and synaptic degeneration in DLB and PD. Therefore, we hypothesized that p38α might be associated with neuronal p38γ distribution and synaptic dysfunction in these diseases. To test this hypothesis, we treated in vitro cellular and in vivo mouse models of DLB/PD with SKF-86002, a compound that attenuates inflammation by inhibiting p38α/β, and then investigated the effects of this compound on p38γ and neurodegenerative pathology. We found that inhibition of p38α reduced neuroinflammation and ameliorated synaptic, neurodegenerative, and motor behavioral deficits in transgenic mice overexpressing human α-synuclein. Moreover, treatment with SKF-86002 promoted the redistribution of p38γ to synapses and reduced the accumulation of α-synuclein in mice overexpressing human α-synuclein. Supporting the potential value of targeting p38 in DLB/PD, we found that SKF-86002 promoted the redistribution of p38γ in neurons differentiated from iPS cells derived from patients with familial PD (carrying the A53T α-synuclein mutation) and healthy controls. Treatment with SKF-86002 ameliorated α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration in these neurons only when microglia were pretreated with this compound. However, direct treatment of neurons with SKF-86002 did not affect α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity, suggesting that SKF-86002 treatment inhibits α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity mediated by microglia. These findings provide a mechanistic connection between p38α and p38γ as well as a rationale for targeting this pathway in DLB/PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Iba
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Somin Kwon
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcell Szabo
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liam Horan-Portelance
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cody J Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xylena Reed
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Computational Biology Group, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wolf Wrasidlo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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30
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Cronin SJF, Yu W, Hale A, Licht-Mayer S, Crabtree MJ, Korecka JA, Tretiakov EO, Sealey-Cardona M, Somlyay M, Onji M, An M, Fox JD, Turnes BL, Gomez-Diaz C, da Luz Scheffer D, Cikes D, Nagy V, Weidinger A, Wolf A, Reither H, Chabloz A, Kavirayani A, Rao S, Andrews N, Latremoliere A, Costigan M, Douglas G, Freitas FC, Pifl C, Walz R, Konrat R, Mahad DJ, Koslov AV, Latini A, Isacson O, Harkany T, Hallett PJ, Bagby S, Woolf CJ, Channon KM, Je HS, Penninger JM. Crucial neuroprotective roles of the metabolite BH4 in dopaminergic neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.08.539795. [PMID: 37214873 PMCID: PMC10197517 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.539795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are movement disorders caused by the dysfunction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Identifying druggable pathways and biomarkers for guiding therapies is crucial due to the debilitating nature of these disorders. Recent genetic studies have identified variants of GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, as causative for these movement disorders. Here, we show that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of BH4 synthesis in mice and human midbrain-like organoids accurately recapitulates motor, behavioral and biochemical characteristics of these human diseases, with severity of the phenotype correlating with extent of BH4 deficiency. We also show that BH4 deficiency increases sensitivities to several PD-related stressors in mice and PD human cells, resulting in worse behavioral and physiological outcomes. Conversely, genetic and pharmacological augmentation of BH4 protects mice from genetically- and chemically induced PD-related stressors. Importantly, increasing BH4 levels also protects primary cells from PD-affected individuals and human midbrain-like organoids (hMLOs) from these stressors. Mechanistically, BH4 not only serves as an essential cofactor for dopamine synthesis, but also independently regulates tyrosine hydroxylase levels, protects against ferroptosis, scavenges mitochondrial ROS, maintains neuronal excitability and promotes mitochondrial ATP production, thereby enhancing mitochondrial fitness and cellular respiration in multiple preclinical PD animal models, human dopaminergic midbrain-like organoids and primary cells from PD-affected individuals. Our findings pinpoint the BH4 pathway as a key metabolic program at the intersection of multiple protective mechanisms for the health and function of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane J F Cronin
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Weonjin Yu
- Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ashley Hale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Simon Licht-Mayer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Joanna A Korecka
- Neurodegeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Evgenii O Tretiakov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Sealey-Cardona
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mate Somlyay
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Masahiro Onji
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Meilin An
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jesse D Fox
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bruna Lenfers Turnes
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos Gomez-Diaz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Débora da Luz Scheffer
- LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88037-100, Brazil
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology. The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingen Str. 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Wolf
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Reither
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antoine Chabloz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anoop Kavirayani
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shuan Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nick Andrews
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Neurosurgery Department, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Christian Pifl
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roger Walz
- Center for Applied Neurocience, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Robert Konrat
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Don J Mahad
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Andrey V Koslov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology. The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingen Str. 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Latini
- LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88037-100, Brazil
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neurodegeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neurodegeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Stefan Bagby
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hyunsoo Shawn Je
- Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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31
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Ray Chaudhuri K, Leta V, Bannister K, Brooks DJ, Svenningsson P. The noradrenergic subtype of Parkinson disease: from animal models to clinical practice. Nat Rev Neurol 2023:10.1038/s41582-023-00802-5. [PMID: 37142796 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many advances in understanding the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD) have been based on research addressing its motor symptoms and phenotypes. Various data-driven clinical phenotyping studies supported by neuropathological and in vivo neuroimaging data suggest the existence of distinct non-motor endophenotypes of PD even at diagnosis, a concept further strengthened by the predominantly non-motor spectrum of symptoms in prodromal PD. Preclinical and clinical studies support early dysfunction of noradrenergic transmission in both the CNS and peripheral nervous system circuits in patients with PD that results in a specific cluster of non-motor symptoms, including rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, pain, anxiety and dysautonomia (particularly orthostatic hypotension and urinary dysfunction). Cluster analyses of large independent cohorts of patients with PD and phenotype-focused studies have confirmed the existence of a noradrenergic subtype of PD, which had been previously postulated but not fully characterized. This Review discusses the translational work that unravelled the clinical and neuropathological processes underpinning the noradrenergic PD subtype. Although some overlap with other PD subtypes is inevitable as the disease progresses, recognition of noradrenergic PD as a distinct early disease subtype represents an important advance towards the delivery of personalized medicine for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Valentina Leta
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kirsty Bannister
- Central Modulation of Pain Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David J Brooks
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Schidlitzki A, Stanojlovic M, Fournier C, Käufer C, Feja M, Gericke B, Garzotti M, Welford RWD, Steiner MA, Angot E, Richter F. Double-Edged Effects of Venglustat on Behavior and Pathology in Mice Overexpressing α-Synuclein. Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 37050861 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venglustat is a brain-penetrant, small molecule inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase used in clinical testing for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite beneficial effects in certain cellular and rodent models, patients with PD with mutations in GBA, the gene for lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, experienced worsening of their motor function under venglustat treatment (NCT02906020, MOVES-PD, phase 2 trial). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate venglustat in mouse models of PD with overexpression of wild-type α-synuclein. METHODS Mice overexpressing α-synuclein (Thy1-aSyn line 61) or Gba-mutated mice with viral vector-induced overexpression of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra were administered venglustat as food admixture. Motor and cognitive performance, α-synuclein-related pathology, and microgliosis were compared with untreated controls. RESULTS Venglustat worsened motor function in Thy1-aSyn transgenics on the challenging beam and the pole test. Although venglustat did not alter the cognitive deficit in the Y-maze test, it alleviated anxiety-related behavior in the novel object recognition test. Venglustat reduced soluble and membrane-bound α-synuclein in the striatum and phosphorylated α-synuclein in limbic brain regions. Although venglustat reversed the loss of parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala, it tended to increase microgliosis and phosphorylated α-synuclein in the substantia nigra. Furthermore, venglustat also partially worsened motor performance and tended to increase neurofilament light chain in the cerebrospinal fluid in the Gba-deficient model with nigral α-synuclein overexpression and neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS Venglustat treatment in two mouse models of α-synuclein overexpression showed that glucosylceramide synthase inhibition had differential detrimental or beneficial effects on behavior and neuropathology possibly related to brain region-specific effects. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Schidlitzki
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Milos Stanojlovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Céline Fournier
- CNS Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), F. Hoffman/La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Käufer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Feja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Garzotti
- CNS Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
- Matterhorn Biosciences AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard W D Welford
- CNS Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), F. Hoffman/La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Elodie Angot
- CNS Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), F. Hoffman/La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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33
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Isik S, Yeman Kiyak B, Akbayir R, Seyhali R, Arpaci T. Microglia Mediated Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071012. [PMID: 37048085 PMCID: PMC10093562 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder seen, especially in the elderly. Tremor, shaking, movement problems, and difficulty with balance and coordination are among the hallmarks, and dopaminergic neuronal loss in substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain and aggregation of intracellular protein α-synuclein are the pathological characterizations. Neuroinflammation has emerged as an involving mechanism at the initiation and development of PD. It is a complex network of interactions comprising immune and non-immune cells in addition to mediators of the immune response. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the CNS, take on the leading role in regulating neuroinflammation and maintaining homeostasis. Under normal physiological conditions, they exist as “homeostatic” but upon pathological stimuli, they switch to the “reactive state”. Pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes are used to classify microglial activity with each phenotype having its own markers and released mediators. When M1 microglia are persistent, they will contribute to various inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD. In this review, we focus on the role of microglia mediated neuroinflammation in PD and also signaling pathways, receptors, and mediators involved in the process, presenting the studies that associate microglia-mediated inflammation with PD. A better understanding of this complex network and interactions is important in seeking new therapies for PD and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Isik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-216-400-2222 (ext. 2462)
| | - Bercem Yeman Kiyak
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Hamidiye Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Uskudar, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Akbayir
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Science, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Rama Seyhali
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Science, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Tahire Arpaci
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Science, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
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Scott KM, Chong YT, Park S, Wijeyekoon RS, Hayat S, Mathews RJ, Fitzpatrick Z, Tyers P, Wright G, Whitby J, Barker RA, Hu MT, Williams-Gray CH, Clatworthy MR. B lymphocyte responses in Parkinson's disease and their possible significance in disease progression. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad060. [PMID: 36993946 PMCID: PMC10042276 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. We hypothesized that B lymphocytes are involved in Parkinson's disease progression. We measured antibodies to alpha-synuclein and tau in serum from patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (n = 79), early Parkinson's disease (n = 50) and matched controls (n = 50). Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder cases were stratified by risk of progression to Parkinson's disease (low risk = 30, high risk = 49). We also measured B-cell activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family, C-reactive protein and total immunoglobulin G. We found elevated levels of antibodies to alpha-synuclein fibrils in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder patients at high risk of Parkinson's disease conversion (ANOVA, P < 0.001) and lower S129D peptide-specific antibodies in those at low risk (ANOVA, P < 0.001). An early humoral response to alpha-synuclein is therefore detectable prior to the development of Parkinson's disease. Peripheral B lymphocyte phenotyping using flow cytometry in early Parkinson's disease patients and matched controls (n = 41 per group) revealed reduced B cells in Parkinson's disease, particularly in those at higher risk of developing an early dementia [t(3) = 2.87, P = 0.01]. Patients with a greater proportion of regulatory B cells had better motor scores [F(4,24) = 3.612, P = 0.019], suggesting they have a protective role in Parkinson's disease. In contrast, B cells isolated from Parkinson's disease patients at higher risk of dementia had greater cytokine (interleukin 6 and interleukin 10) responses following in vitro stimulation. We assessed peripheral blood lymphocytes in alpha-synuclein transgenic mouse models of Parkinson's disease: they also had reduced B cells, suggesting this is related to alpha-synuclein pathology. In a toxin-based mouse model of Parkinson's disease, B-cell deficiency or depletion resulted in worse pathological and behavioural outcomes, supporting the conclusion that B cells play an early protective role in dopaminergic cell loss. In conclusion, we found changes in the B-cell compartment associated with risk of disease progression in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (higher alpha-synuclein antibodies) and early Parkinson's disease (lower levels of B lymphocytes that were more reactive to stimulation). Regulatory B cells play a protective role in a mouse model, potentially by attenuating inflammation and dopaminergic cell loss. B cells are therefore likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, albeit in a complex way, and thus warrant consideration as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Scott
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Yen Ting Chong
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Seoyoung Park
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Ruwani S Wijeyekoon
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Shaista Hayat
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Rebeccah J Mathews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Zachary Fitzpatrick
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Pam Tyers
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Georgia Wright
- University of Cambridge Clinical School of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Jennifer Whitby
- University of Cambridge Clinical School of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
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Peña-Díaz S, García-Pardo J, Ventura S. Development of Small Molecules Targeting α-Synuclein Aggregation: A Promising Strategy to Treat Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:839. [PMID: 36986700 PMCID: PMC10059018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, is characterized by the accumulation of protein deposits in the dopaminergic neurons. These deposits are primarily composed of aggregated forms of α-Synuclein (α-Syn). Despite the extensive research on this disease, only symptomatic treatments are currently available. However, in recent years, several compounds, mainly of an aromatic character, targeting α-Syn self-assembly and amyloid formation have been identified. These compounds, discovered by different approaches, are chemically diverse and exhibit a plethora of mechanisms of action. This work aims to provide a historical overview of the physiopathology and molecular aspects associated with Parkinson's disease and the current trends in small compound development to target α-Syn aggregation. Although these molecules are still under development, they constitute an important step toward discovering effective anti-aggregational therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Peña-Díaz
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pardo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Zhu Q, Song J, Chen J, Yuan Z, Liu L, Xie L, Liao Q, Ye RD, Chen X, Yan Y, Tan J, Heng Tan CS, Li M, Lu J. Corynoxine B targets at HMGB1/2 to enhance autophagy for alpha-synuclein clearance in fly and rodent models of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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Shahpasand-Kroner H, Siddique I, Malik R, Linares GR, Ivanova MI, Ichida J, Weil T, Münch J, Sanchez-Garcia E, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Bitan G. Molecular Tweezers: Supramolecular Hosts with Broad-Spectrum Biological Applications. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:263-308. [PMID: 36549866 PMCID: PMC9976797 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-selective molecular tweezers (MTs) are supramolecular host molecules displaying a remarkably broad spectrum of biologic activities. MTs act as inhibitors of the self-assembly and toxicity of amyloidogenic proteins using a unique mechanism. They destroy viral membranes and inhibit infection by enveloped viruses, such as HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, by mechanisms unrelated to their action on protein self-assembly. They also disrupt biofilm of Gram-positive bacteria. The efficacy and safety of MTs have been demonstrated in vitro, in cell culture, and in vivo, suggesting that these versatile compounds are attractive therapeutic candidates for various diseases, infections, and injuries. A lead compound called CLR01 has been shown to inhibit the aggregation of various amyloidogenic proteins, facilitate their clearance in vivo, prevent infection by multiple viruses, display potent anti-biofilm activity, and have a high safety margin in animal models. The inhibitory effect of CLR01 against amyloidogenic proteins is highly specific to abnormal self-assembly of amyloidogenic proteins with no disruption of normal mammalian biologic processes at the doses needed for inhibition. Therapeutic effects of CLR01 have been demonstrated in animal models of proteinopathies, lysosomal-storage diseases, and spinal-cord injury. Here we review the activity and mechanisms of action of these intriguing compounds and discuss future research directions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Molecular tweezers are supramolecular host molecules with broad biological applications, including inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation, facilitation of lysosomal clearance of toxic aggregates, disruption of viral membranes, and interference of biofilm formation by Gram-positive bacteria. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of the molecular tweezers, including the discovery of distinct mechanisms acting in vitro and in vivo, and the application of these compounds in multiple preclinical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Shahpasand-Kroner
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ibrar Siddique
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ravinder Malik
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gabriel R Linares
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Magdalena I Ivanova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Justin Ichida
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Weil
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank-Gerrit Klärner
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Simons E, Fleming SM. Role of rodent models in advancing precision medicine for Parkinson's disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:3-16. [PMID: 36803818 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
With a current lack of disease-modifying treatments, an initiative toward implementing a precision medicine approach for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) has emerged. However, challenges remain in how to define and apply precision medicine in PD. To accomplish the goal of optimally targeted and timed treatment for each patient, preclinical research in a diverse population of rodent models will continue to be an essential part of the translational path to identify novel biomarkers for patient diagnosis and subgrouping, understand PD disease mechanisms, identify new therapeutic targets, and screen therapeutics prior to clinical testing. This review highlights the most common rodent models of PD and discusses how these models can contribute to defining and implementing precision medicine for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Simons
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Sheila M Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.
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Hussein A, Guevara CA, Valle PD, Gupta S, Benson DL, Huntley GW. Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: The Neurobiology of Early Psychiatric and Cognitive Dysfunction. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:97-116. [PMID: 33966533 PMCID: PMC9338765 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211011979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that has been recognized for over 200 years by its clinically dominant motor system impairment. There are prominent non-motor symptoms as well, and among these, psychiatric symptoms of depression and anxiety and cognitive impairment are common and can appear earlier than motor symptoms. Although the neurobiology underlying these particular PD-associated non-motor symptoms is not completely understood, the identification of PARK genes that contribute to hereditary and sporadic PD has enabled genetic models in animals that, in turn, have fostered ever deepening analyses of cells, synapses, circuits, and behaviors relevant to non-motor psychiatric and cognitive symptoms of human PD. Moreover, while it has long been recognized that inflammation is a prominent component of PD, recent studies demonstrate that brain-immune signaling crosstalk has significant modulatory effects on brain cell and synaptic function in the context of psychiatric symptoms. This review provides a focused update on such progress in understanding the neurobiology of PD-related non-motor psychiatric and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Hussein
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A. Guevara
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Del Valle
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swati Gupta
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deanna L. Benson
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George W. Huntley
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Ledonne A, Massaro Cenere M, Paldino E, D'Angelo V, D'Addario SL, Casadei N, Nobili A, Berretta N, Fusco FR, Ventura R, Sancesario G, Guatteo E, Mercuri NB. Morpho-Functional Changes of Nigral Dopamine Neurons in an α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:256-266. [PMID: 36350188 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils in intraneuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is a pathological signature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although several aspects linked to α-syn-dependent pathology (concerning its spreading, aggregation, and activation of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes) have been under intense investigation, less attention has been devoted to the real impact of α-syn overexpression on structural and functional properties of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopamine (DA) neurons, particularly at tardive stages of α-syn buildup, despite this has obvious relevance to comprehending mechanisms beyond PD progression. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the consequences of a prolonged α-syn overexpression on somatodendritic morphology and functions of SNpc DA neurons. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry, stereological DA cell counts, analyses of dendritic arborization, ex vivo patch-clamp recordings, and in vivo DA microdialysis measurements in a 12- to 13-month-old transgenic rat model overexpressing the full-length human α-syn (Snca+/+ ) and age-matched wild-type rats. RESULTS Aged Snca+/+ rats have mild loss of SNpc DA neurons and decreased basal DA levels in the SN. Residual nigral DA neurons display smaller soma and compromised dendritic arborization and, in parallel, increased firing activity, switch in firing mode, and hyperexcitability associated with hypofunction of fast activating/inactivating voltage-gated K+ channels and Ca2+ - and voltage-activated large conductance K+ channels. These intrinsic currents underlie the repolarization/afterhyperpolarization phase of action potentials, thus affecting neuronal excitability. CONCLUSIONS Besides clarifying α-syn-induced pathological landmarks, such evidence reveals compensatory functional mechanisms that nigral DA neurons could adopt during PD progression to counteract neurodegeneration. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ledonne
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Massaro Cenere
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Paldino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza D'Angelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastian Luca D'Addario
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Berretta
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Fusco
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Ventura
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Motor Science and Wellness, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Videlock EJ, Hatami A, Zhu C, Kawaguchi R, Chen H, Khan T, Yehya AHS, Stiles L, Joshi S, Hoffman JM, Law KM, Rankin CR, Chang L, Maidment NT, John V, Geschwind DH, Pothoulakis C. Distinct Patterns of Gene Expression Changes in the Colon and Striatum of Young Mice Overexpressing Alpha-Synuclein Support Parkinson's Disease as a Multi-System Process. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:1127-1147. [PMID: 37638450 PMCID: PMC10657720 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports a role for the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mice overexpressing human wild type α- synuclein (Thy1-haSyn) exhibit slow colonic transit prior to motor deficits, mirroring prodromal constipation in PD. Identifying molecular changes in the gut could provide both biomarkers for early diagnosis and gut-targeted therapies to prevent progression. OBJECTIVE To identify early molecular changes in the gut-brain axis in Thy1-haSyn mice through gene expression profiling. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed on gut (colon) and brain (striatal) tissue from Thy1-haSyn and wild-type (WT) mice aged 1 and 3 months using 3' RNA sequencing. Analysis included differential expression, gene set enrichment and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). RESULTS At one month, differential expression (Thy1-haSyn vs. WT) of mitochondrial genes and pathways related to PD was discordant between gut and brain, with negative enrichment in brain (enriched in WT) but positive enrichment in gut. Linear regression of WGCNA modules showed partial independence of gut and brain gene expression changes. Thy1-haSyn-associated WGCNA modules in the gut were enriched for PD risk genes and PD-relevant pathways including inflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Changes in gene expression were modest at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of haSyn acutely disrupts gene expression in the colon. While changes in colon gene expression are highly related to known PD-relevant mechanisms, they are distinct from brain changes, and in some cases, opposite in direction. These findings are in line with the emerging view of PD as a multi-system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Videlock
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Asa Hatami
- The Drug Discovery Lab, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chunni Zhu
- The Drug Discovery Lab, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- The Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tasnin Khan
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashwaq Hamid Salem Yehya
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Swapna Joshi
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill M. Hoffman
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ka Man Law
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carl Robert Rankin
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nigel T. Maidment
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Varghese John
- The Drug Discovery Lab, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Richter F, Stanojlovic M, Käufer C, Gericke B, Feja M. A Mouse Model to Test Novel Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease: an Update on the Thy1-aSyn ("line 61") Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:97-116. [PMID: 36715870 PMCID: PMC10119371 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of neuroprotective therapeutics for Parkinson's disease (PD) is facing a lack of translation from pre-clinical to clinical trials. One strategy for improvement is to increase predictive validity of pre-clinical studies by using extensively characterized animal models with a comprehensive set of validated pharmacodynamic readouts. Mice over-expressing full-length, human, wild-type alpha-synuclein under the Thy-1 promoter (Thy1-aSyn line 61) reproduce key features of sporadic PD, such as progressive loss of striatal dopamine, alpha-synuclein pathology, deficits in motor and non-motor functions, and elevation of inflammatory markers. Extensive work with this model by multiple laboratories over the past decade further increased confidence in its robustness and validity, especially for analyzing pathomechanisms of alpha-synuclein pathology and down-stream pathways, and for pre-clinical drug testing. Interestingly, while postnatal transgene expression is widespread in central and peripheral neurons, the extent and progression of down-stream pathology differs between brain regions, thereby replicating the characteristic selective vulnerability of neurodegenerative diseases. In-depth characterization of these readouts in conjunction with behavioral deficits has led to more informative endpoints for pre-clinical trials. Each drug tested in Thy1-aSyn line 61 enhances knowledge on how molecular targets, pathology, and functional behavioral readouts are interconnected, thereby further optimizing the platform towards predictive validity for clinical trials. Here, we present the current state of the art using Thy1-aSyn line 61 for drug target discovery, validation, and pre-clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Milos Stanojlovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Käufer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Feja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Neuronal Oxidative Stress Promotes α-Synuclein Aggregation In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122466. [PMID: 36552674 PMCID: PMC9774295 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors increase risk for Parkinson's disease. Many of the known genetic factors influence α-synuclein aggregation or degradation, whereas most of the identified environmental factors produce oxidative stress. Studies using in vitro approaches have identified mechanisms by which oxidative stress can accelerate the formation of α-synuclein aggregates, but there is a paucity of evidence supporting the importance of these processes over extended time periods in brain. To assess this issue, we evaluated α-synuclein aggregates in brains of three transgenic mouse strains: hSyn mice, which overexpress human α-synuclein in neurons and spontaneously develop α-synuclein aggregates; EAAT3-/- mice, which exhibit a neuron-specific impairment in cysteine uptake and resultant neuron-selective chronic oxidative stress; and double-transgenic hSyn/EAAT3-/- mice. Aggregate formation was evaluated by quantitative immunohistochemistry for phosphoserine 129 α-synuclein and by an α-synuclein proximity ligation assay. Both methods showed that the double transgenic hSyn/EAAT3-/- mice exhibited a significantly higher α-synuclein aggregate density than littermate hSyn mice in each brain region examined. Negligible aggregate formation was observed in the EAAT3-/- mouse strain, suggesting a synergistic rather than additive interaction between the two genotypes. A similar pattern of results was observed in assessments of motor function: the pole test and rotarod test. Together, these observations indicate that chronic, low-grade neuronal oxidative stress promotes α-synuclein aggregate formation in vivo. This process may contribute to the mechanism by which environmentally induced oxidative stress contributes to α-synuclein pathology in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
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Abdel-Haq R, Schlachetzki JCM, Boktor JC, Cantu-Jungles TM, Thron T, Zhang M, Bostick JW, Khazaei T, Chilakala S, Morais LH, Humphrey G, Keshavarzian A, Katz JE, Thomson M, Knight R, Gradinaru V, Hamaker BR, Glass CK, Mazmanian SK. A prebiotic diet modulates microglial states and motor deficits in α-synuclein overexpressing mice. eLife 2022; 11:e81453. [PMID: 36346385 PMCID: PMC9668333 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by neuroinflammation, α-synuclein pathology, and neurodegeneration. Most cases of PD are non-hereditary, suggesting a strong role for environmental factors, and it has been speculated that disease may originate in peripheral tissues such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract before affecting the brain. The gut microbiome is altered in PD and may impact motor and GI symptoms as indicated by animal studies, although mechanisms of gut-brain interactions remain incompletely defined. Intestinal bacteria ferment dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids, with fecal levels of these molecules differing between PD and healthy controls and in mouse models. Among other effects, dietary microbial metabolites can modulate activation of microglia, brain-resident immune cells implicated in PD. We therefore investigated whether a fiber-rich diet influences microglial function in α-synuclein overexpressing (ASO) mice, a preclinical model with PD-like symptoms and pathology. Feeding a prebiotic high-fiber diet attenuates motor deficits and reduces α-synuclein aggregation in the substantia nigra of mice. Concomitantly, the gut microbiome of ASO mice adopts a profile correlated with health upon prebiotic treatment, which also reduces microglial activation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of microglia from the substantia nigra and striatum uncovers increased pro-inflammatory signaling and reduced homeostatic responses in ASO mice compared to wild-type counterparts on standard diets. However, prebiotic feeding reverses pathogenic microglial states in ASO mice and promotes expansion of protective disease-associated macrophage (DAM) subsets of microglia. Notably, depletion of microglia using a CSF1R inhibitor eliminates the beneficial effects of prebiotics by restoring motor deficits to ASO mice despite feeding a prebiotic diet. These studies uncover a novel microglia-dependent interaction between diet and motor symptoms in mice, findings that may have implications for neuroinflammation and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Abdel-Haq
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Johannes CM Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Joseph C Boktor
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Thaisa M Cantu-Jungles
- Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University West LafayetteWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Taren Thron
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - John W Bostick
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Tahmineh Khazaei
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Sujatha Chilakala
- Lawrence J Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Livia H Morais
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Greg Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical CenterChicagoUnited States
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical CenterChicagoUnited States
| | - Jonathan E Katz
- Lawrence J Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Matthew Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University West LafayetteWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Sarkis K Mazmanian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseUnited States
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A A, W C, N N, L M, M D, Zhang DD. α-Syn overexpression, NRF2 suppression, and enhanced ferroptosis create a vicious cycle of neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:130-140. [PMID: 36150560 PMCID: PMC9841923 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting millions each year. Most PD cases (∼90%) are sporadic, resulting from the age-dependent accumulation of pathogenic effects. One key pathological hallmark of PD progression is the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), which has been shown to negatively affect neuronal function and viability. Here, using 3- and 6-month-old Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice overexpressing human α-syn (PD model), we show that loss of NRF2 increases markers of ferroptosis across PD-relevant brain regions. Increased ferroptosis was associated with an age- and genotype-dependent increase in α-syn pathology and behavioral deficits. Finally, we demonstrate that α-syn overexpression sensitizes neuronal cells and ex vivo brain slices to ferroptosis induction, which may be due to α-syn decreasing NRF2 protein levels. Altogether, these results indicate that NRF2 is a critical anti-ferroptotic mediator of neuronal survival, and that the vicious cycle of α-syn overexpression and NRF2 suppression, leading to enhanced neuronal ferroptotic cell death, could represent a targetable and currently untapped means of preventing PD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandhan A
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chen W
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nguyen N
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Madhavan L
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dodson M
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - D D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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Electroacupuncture Modulates 5-HT 4R-Mediated cAMP/PKA Signaling to Improve Intestinal Motility Disorders in a Thy1- αSyn Parkinson's Mouse Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8659462. [PMID: 36337584 PMCID: PMC9635967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8659462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and often occurs before motor symptoms. Electroacupuncture effectively improves the symptoms of constipation in patients with PD. In the present study, we used thymus cell antigen 1-α-synuclein (Thy1-αSyn) transgenic mice as a model of intestinal motility disorders in PD to determine the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture and the underlying mechanisms. Electroacupuncture significantly improved fecal excretion and accelerated the rate of small-intestinal propulsion in Thy1-αSyn mice by upregulating the serotonin concentration and the expression of the serotonin 4 receptor. Consequently, the downstream cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway was affected, and to upregulate and downregulate, the expression of substance P was upregulated, and the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide was downregulated. In summary, electroacupuncture improved intestinal motility in PD mice by affecting serotonin levels, serotonin 4 receptor expression, and the cAMP/PKA pathway, providing a potentially effective and promising complementary and alternative therapy for relieving constipation symptoms in patients with PD.
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Kim J, Daadi EW, Oh T, Daadi ES, Daadi MM. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Phenotyping and Preclinical Modeling of Familial Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1937. [PMID: 36360174 PMCID: PMC9689743 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily idiopathic and a highly heterogenous neurodegenerative disease with patients experiencing a wide array of motor and non-motor symptoms. A major challenge for understanding susceptibility to PD is to determine the genetic and environmental factors that influence the mechanisms underlying the variations in disease-associated traits. The pathological hallmark of PD is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain and post-mortem Lewy pathology, which leads to the loss of projecting axons innervating the striatum and to impaired motor and cognitive functions. While the cause of PD is still largely unknown, genome-wide association studies provide evidence that numerous polymorphic variants in various genes contribute to sporadic PD, and 10 to 15% of all cases are linked to some form of hereditary mutations, either autosomal dominant or recessive. Among the most common mutations observed in PD patients are in the genes LRRK2, SNCA, GBA1, PINK1, PRKN, and PARK7/DJ-1. In this review, we cover these PD-related mutations, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells as a disease in a dish model, and genetic animal models to better understand the diversity in the pathogenesis and long-term outcomes seen in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Kim
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Etienne W. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Thomas Oh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Elyas S. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Marcel M. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Radiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Taha HB, Kearney B, Bitan G. A minute fraction of α-synuclein in extracellular vesicles may be a major contributor to α-synuclein spreading following autophagy inhibition. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1001382. [PMID: 36245921 PMCID: PMC9554483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hash Brown Taha
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brian Kearney
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Gal Bitan
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Alpha synuclein processing by MMP-3 - implications for synucleinopathies. Behav Brain Res 2022; 434:114020. [PMID: 35870616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (aSyn) is a protein implicated in physiological functions such as neurotransmitter release at the synapse and the regulation of gene expression in the nucleus. In addition, pathological aSyn assemblies are characteristic for a class of protein aggregation disorders referred to as synucleinopathies, where aSyn aggregates appear as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. We recently discovered a novel post-translational pyroglutamate (pGlu) modification at Gln79 of N-truncated aSyn that promotes oligomer formation and neurotoxicity in human synucleinopathies. A priori, the appearance of pGlu79-aSyn in vivo involves a two-step process of free N-terminal Gln79 residue generation and subsequent cyclization of Gln79 into pGlu79. Prime candidate enzymes for these processes are matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and glutaminyl cyclase (QC). Here, we analyzed the expression of aSyn, MMP-3, QC and pGlu79-aSyn in brains of two transgenic mouse models for synucleinopathies (BAC-SNCA and ASO) by triple immunofluorescent labellings and confocal laser scanning microscopy. We report a co-localization of these proteins in brain structures typically affected by aSyn pathology, namely hippocampus in BAC-SNCA mice and substantia nigra in ASO mice. In addition, Western blot analyses revealed a high abundance of QC, MMP-3 and transgenic human aSyn in brain stem and thalamus but lower levels in cortex/hippocampus, whereas endogenous mouse aSyn was found to be most abundant in cortex/hippocampus, followed by thalamus and brain stem. During aging of ASO mice, we observed no differences between controls and transgenic mice in MMP-3 levels but higher QC content in thalamus of 6-month-old transgenic mice. Transgenic human aSyn abundance transiently increased and then showed decrease in oldest ASO mice analyzed. Immunohistochemistry revealed a successive increase in intraneuronal and extracellular formation of pGlu79-aSyn in substantia nigra during aging of ASO mice. Together, our data are supportive for a role of MMP-3 and QC in the generation of pGlu79-aSyn in brains affected by aSyn pathology.
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Roshanbin S, Julku U, Xiong M, Eriksson J, Masliah E, Hultqvist G, Bergström J, Ingelsson M, Syvänen S, Sehlin D. Reduction of αSYN Pathology in a Mouse Model of PD Using a Brain-Penetrating Bispecific Antibody. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071412. [PMID: 35890306 PMCID: PMC9318263 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting aggregated alpha-synuclein (αSYN) is a promising approach for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. However, brain penetration of antibodies is hampered by their large size. Here, RmAbSynO2-scFv8D3, a modified bispecific antibody that targets aggregated αSYN and binds to the transferrin receptor for facilitated brain uptake, was investigated to treat αSYN pathology in transgenic mice. Ex vivo analyses of the blood and brain distribution of RmAbSynO2-scFv8D3 and the unmodified variant RmAbSynO2, as well as in vivo analyses with microdialysis and PET, confirmed fast and efficient brain uptake of the bispecific format. In addition, intravenous administration was shown to be superior to intraperitoneal injections in terms of brain uptake and distribution. Next, aged female αSYN transgenic mice (L61) were administered either RmAbSynO2-scFv8D3, RmAbSynO2, or PBS intravenously three times over five days. Levels of TBS-T soluble aggregated αSYN in the brain following treatment with RmAbSynO2-scFv8D3 were decreased in the cortex and midbrain compared to RmAbSynO2 or PBS controls. Taken together, our results indicate that facilitated brain uptake of αSYN antibodies can improve treatment of αSYN pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Roshanbin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (U.J.); (M.X.); (J.B.); (M.I.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Ulrika Julku
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (U.J.); (M.X.); (J.B.); (M.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Mengfei Xiong
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (U.J.); (M.X.); (J.B.); (M.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
- PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA-NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Greta Hultqvist
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Joakim Bergström
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (U.J.); (M.X.); (J.B.); (M.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (U.J.); (M.X.); (J.B.); (M.I.); (S.S.)
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (U.J.); (M.X.); (J.B.); (M.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (U.J.); (M.X.); (J.B.); (M.I.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (D.S.)
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