1
|
Gou M, Li L, Wang X, Yuan P, Li S, Wei Y, Zhou G. Risk Perception and Maternal Prenatal Depressive Symptoms in the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Role of Negative Emotions and Family Sense of Coherence. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:1631-1640. [PMID: 38856799 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal depression is associated with adverse health outcomes for both mothers and their children. The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has presented new risks and challenges for expectant mothers. The aims of the study were to investigate the underlying mechanism between COVID-19 risk perception of Chinese pregnant women and their prenatal depressive symptoms and potential protective factors such as family sense of coherence (FSOC). METHOD A total of 181 Chinese pregnant women (Mage = 31.40 years, SD = 3.67, ranged from 23 to 43) participated in an online survey from April 22 to May 16, 2020. Risk perception and negative emotions (fear and anxiety) related with COVID-19, FSOC, and prenatal depressive symptoms were assessed. RESULTS The experience of maternal COVID-19 related negative emotion fully mediated the positive relationship between COVID-19 risk perception and prenatal depressive symptoms of pregnant women (β = 0.12, 95% CI [0.06, 0.19]). When confronting COVID-19 related fear and anxiety, expectant mothers from higher coherent families experienced a significantly lower level of prenatal depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Contextual negative emotional experience was demonstrated to explain how risk perception impacts depressive symptoms during severe public health crisis for pregnant women. FSOC may be a psychological resource protecting pregnant women from experiencing adverse psychological outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Gou
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behaviour and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luyao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Hua yuan north Road, Hai Dian district, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behaviour and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pengbo Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Hua yuan north Road, Hai Dian district, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Hua yuan north Road, Hai Dian district, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Hua yuan north Road, Hai Dian district, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behaviour and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie YJ, Hao C, Tian L, Yan L, Liao X, Wang HH, Gao Y, Zhang D, Liu ZM, Cheng H, Ngai FW. Influence of Nurses' Perceptions of Government Policies and COVID-19 Risks on Their Mental Health Status: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38886916 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand nurses' perceptions of COVID-19-related policies and risks during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong and to determine how their perceptions influenced their mental health status. A web-based online survey among Hong Kong nurses was conducted. The questionnaire included a self-designed 5-point Likert scale with 17 items to assess the nurses' perceptions of COVID-19-related policies and risks, as well as the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD) for measurement of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), stress, depression and anxiety, respectively. Of 592 nurses enrolled, 30.6% had PTSD (DTS total score ≥40), and 80.4%, 19.9% and 16.4% had moderate-to-high levels of stress (PSS-10 score ≥14), depression (PHQ-2 score ≥3) and anxiety (GAD score ≥3), respectively. The top three concerned aspects were 'worried about themselves and friends to suffer this disease' (84.5%), 'insufficient number of isolation wards' (81.8%) and 'insufficient number of personal protective equipment' (74.3%). Logistic regression analyses showed that more negative perception on 'personal protective equipment in the healthcare institutions', 'the confidence in HK's control of COVID-19', 'worried about themselves and friends to suffer this disease' and 'self-perceived risk of infection' indicated higher severity of the four mental health problems (all p < 0.01). The perception on 'public gathering ban', 'the number of isolation wards' and 'expected time to control COVID-19' were significantly associated with PTSD and stress (all p < 0.05). Nurses' perception on government policies and COVID-19 risks played an important role in predicting their mental health status. Policy makers should be aware of nurses' psychological responses and provide timely and targeted emotional support to nurses amid and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jie Xie
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longben Tian
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linjia Yan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Harry Haoxiang Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Usher Institute, Deanery of Molecular, Genetic & Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dexing Zhang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhao-Min Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Cheng
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fei Wan Ngai
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Janoušková M, Pekara J, Kučera M, Kearns PB, Šeblová J, Wolfová K, Kuklová M, Šeblová D. Experiences of stigma, discrimination and violence and their impact on the mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10534. [PMID: 38720009 PMCID: PMC11078939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Health care workers have been exposed to COVID-19 more than people in other professions, which may have led to stigmatization, discrimination, and violence toward them, possibly impacting their mental health. We investigated (1) factors associated with stigma, discrimination, and violence, (2) the association of stigma, discrimination, and violence with mental health, (3) everyday experiences of stigmatization, discrimination, and violence. We chose a combination of a quantitative approach and qualitative content analysis to analyze data collected at three time points: in 2020, 2021 and 2022. A higher age was associated with lower odds of experiencing stigma, discrimination, and violence, whereas female gender was related to more negative experiences. The intensity of exposure to COVID-19 was associated with greater experience with stigmatization, discrimination, and violence across all three years (for example in 2022: odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.74, 1.18-2.55 for mild exposure; 2.82, 1.95-4.09 for moderate exposure; and 5.74, 3.55-9.26 for severe exposure, when compared to no exposure). Stigma, discrimination, and violence were most strongly associated with psychological distress in 2020 (odds ratio = 2.97, 95% confidence interval 2.27-3.88) and with depressive symptoms in 2021 (odds ratio = 2.78, 95% confidence interval 2.12-3.64). Attention should be given to the destigmatization of contagious diseases and the prevention of discrimination, violence, and mental health problems, both within workplaces and among the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Janoušková
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
- Division of Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Jaroslav Pekara
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
- Medical College, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Matěj Kučera
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pavla Brennan Kearns
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Šeblová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katrin Wolfová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Kuklová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominika Šeblová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eichenberg C, Schneider R, Auvera P, Aranyi G, Huber K. Risk and protection factors of mental stress among medical staff in the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1334552. [PMID: 38585477 PMCID: PMC10995372 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1334552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic placed an extraordinary burden on health care workers (HCW), who are reported to suffer from great mental stress. The current study investigates the mental health of HCW in the later phases of the pandemic. Methods HCW completed the following questionnaires online (06/2021-02/2022, N=159): demographics (age, gender, profession, ward), Impact of Event Scale (IES-R, posttraumatic stress), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S, state anxiety), stress-coping questionnaire (SVF-78), and bespoke corona-specific stress and protective-factor questions (5 items each). We used factor analysis to test scale properties and regression-type methods (t-tests, ANOVA, multiple regression) for hypothesis tests and effect-size estimation. Results/discussion Mental stress in HCW is influenced by similar factors as described for earlier phases. However, differences to earlier phases were found in ward affiliation which is no longer a variable of concern for explaining differences in mental health of HCW. Further, even if nurses are the occupational group with the highest mental stress as in prior research, detailed analysis shows that medical specialists with close proximity to patients with a high-level of responsibility are the most burdened sub-group. Unlike nurses, they suffer from high levels of anxiety in addition to high levels of post-traumatic and COVID-specific stress. Analyses showed further that COVID-specific stress is the strongest predictor of mental stress, wherein COVID-specific stress factors remain the same as reported in literature on the early pandemic phases. HCW showed to use still more positive than negative coping strategies. Negative strategies increased as expected mental stress, whereas positive strategies alleviated only anxiety. Additionally, we found that doctors benefited from many protective factors while nurses had access to fewer protective factors like earlier waves. Conclusion Data show that HCW still suffer from mental stress in the third year of the pandemic. HCW of all hospital wards may be affected by mental stress and need attention and protective measures. Medical specialists are the most burdened subgroup. Detailed analyses show that properties other than occupation, gender, or ward affiliation are more appropriate to evaluate mental stress of HCW. The findings have implications for developing specialized protection strategies for the post-pandemic phase and future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Eichenberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychosomatics, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Schneider
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychosomatics, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Phillip Auvera
- Sigmund Freud Private University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabor Aranyi
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Education and Psychology at Szombathely, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kurt Huber
- Sigmund Freud Private University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
- 3rd Dept. of Medicine, Cardiology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring (former Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yavuz CI, Yildiz Mİ, Sari ÖY, B Uçgun A, Altintas KH. Psychological well-being of healthcare workers during COVID-19: Relationship with risk perception and fear in the context of health belief model. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2024; 78:483-494. [PMID: 38240725 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2303995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the extent of fear and risk perception related to COVID-19 and their impact on the psychological well-being of healthcare workers. Data were gathered through an online survey, incorporating questions about risk perception utilizing the health belief model, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire-12. A total of 364 HCWs participated in the survey, with 94% of participants identified as being in the high-risk category for mental disorders based on their General Health Questionnaire scores. The assessment of COVID-19-related risk perception within the Health Belief Model demonstrated significant correlations between perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy with both the fear scale and General Health Questionnaire scores. Linear regression was employed to identify factors influencing General Health Questionnaire scores, revealing that risk perception, Fear of COVID-19 scores, marital status, and perceived health were significantly associated with General Health Questionnaire scores. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the psychological well-being of healthcare workers throughout all stages of pandemic preparedness and response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cavit I Yavuz
- Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M İrem Yildiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Y Sari
- Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysenur B Uçgun
- Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerim Hakan Altintas
- Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fronteira I, Mathews V, Dos Santos RLB, Matsumoto K, Amde W, Pereira A, de Oliveira APC, Craveiro I, Chança R, Boniol M, Ferrinho P, Poz MRD. Impacts for health and care workers of Covid-19 and other public health emergencies of international concern: living systematic review, meta-analysis and policy recommendations. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2024; 22:10. [PMID: 38273317 PMCID: PMC10809470 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-024-00892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health and care workers (HCW) faced the double burden of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: as members of a society affected by a public health emergency and as HWC who experienced fear of becoming infected and of infecting others, stigma, violence, increased workloads, changes in scope of practice, among others. To understand the short and long-term impacts in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health emergencies of international concern (PHEICs) on HCW and relevant interventions to address them, we designed and conducted a living systematic review (LSR). METHODS We reviewed literature retrieved from MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, LILACS, the World Health Organization COVID-19 database, the ClinicalTrials.org and the ILO database, published from January 2000 until December 2021. We included quantitative observational studies, experimental studies, quasi-experimental, mixed methods or qualitative studies; addressing mental, physical health and well-being and quality of life. The review targeted HCW; and interventions and exposures, implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic or other PHEICs. To assess the risk of bias of included studies, we used the Johanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools. Data were qualitatively synthetized using meta-aggregation and meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence of some of the outcomes. RESULTS The 1013 studies included in the review were mainly quantitative research, cross-sectional, with medium risk of bias/quality, addressing at least one of the following: mental health issue, violence, physical health and well-being, and quality of life. Additionally, interventions to address short- and long-term impact of PHEICs on HCW included in the review, although scarce, were mainly behavioral and individual oriented, aimed at improving mental health through the development of individual interventions. A lack of interventions addressing organizational or systemic bottlenecks was noted. DISCUSSION PHEICs impacted the mental and physical health of HCW with the greatest toll on mental health. The impact PHEICs are intricate and complex. The review revealed the consequences for health and care service delivery, with increased unplanned absenteeism, service disruption and occupation turnover that subvert the capacity to answer to the PHEICs, specifically challenging the resilience of health systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Fronteira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.
- National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA University of Lisbon, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Verona Mathews
- School of Public, Health University of the Western Cape, South Africa, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ranailla Lima Bandeira Dos Santos
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen Matsumoto
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 - 7º andar, Blocos D e E - Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Woldekidan Amde
- School of Public, Health University of the Western Cape, South Africa, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Republic of South Africa
| | - Alessandra Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 - 7º andar, Blocos D e E - Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Cavalcante de Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 - 7º andar, Blocos D e E - Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Isabel Craveiro
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raphael Chança
- Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Marquês de Pombal, 125, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20230240, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Boniol
- Health Workforce Department, World Health Organization, Av. Appia 20, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paulo Ferrinho
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mario Roberto Dal Poz
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 - 7º andar, Blocos D e E - Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carranza Esteban RF, Mamani-Benito OJ, Quinteros-Zúñiga D, Farfán-Solís R. Concern about COVID-19 infection and workload as predictors of psychological distress during the health emergency in Peruvian healthcare personnel. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 52:273-279. [PMID: 38008673 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the health emergency, there is concern about the mental health repercussions that Peruvian health workers, who represent the front line of care for COVID-19, may be experiencing. OBJECTIVE To determine whether concern about COVID-19 and workloads predict psychological distress in healthcare workers. METHODS Predictive study in which 367 workers (nurses, doctors, nursing assistants, obstetricians, dentists, psychologists, nutritionists, among others) from 12 health networks in the Puno region participated, selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The data were collected via the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, the COVID-19 Scale of Concern and the Workload Scale. RESULTS It was found that there are no significant differences between men and women in psychological discomfort and concern about COVID-19 infection and workload. Furthermore, highly significant correlations were found between the study variables (P < .01). Multiple regression analysis showed an adequate adjustment for the model (F = 94.834; P < .001), where concern about COVID-19 (β = -0.436; P < .01) and workload (β = 0.239; P < .01) are variables that significantly predict psychological discomfort (adjusted R2 = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS Concern about COVID-19 and work overload predict psychological distress in health personnel in the Puno region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosa Farfán-Solís
- Universidad Peruana Unión, Juliaca, Perú; Dirección Regional de Salud, Puno, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao L, Huang H, Liu P, Xu L, Deng W, Tian F, Tan L. Risk perception in the era of COVID-19 and related factors among nurses: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open 2023; 10:5659-5669. [PMID: 37209017 PMCID: PMC10333908 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Our study aimed at investigating the risk perception of nurses and related factors in the era of COVID-19 period. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Four hundred and forty-two participants completed an online questionnaire relating to their risk perception on public health emergencies. Data were collected between 25 November 2020 and 1 December 2020. Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and Ordinal logistic regression analysis were used to examine factors impacting on risk perception. RESULTS 65.2% of nurses' risk perception of COVID-19 was the moderate level even below the moderate level in the postperiod of COVID-19. Kruskal-Wallis test results indicated significant differences in gender, age, education status, working years, professional title, postlevel, COVID-19 contact experience, marital status and health status (p < 0.05). Ordinal logistic regression showed that gender, education status, professional title, work department, COVID-19 contact experience, character, health status and nursing work environment are associated with risk perception (p < 0.05). No Patient or Public Contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Zhao
- Department of NursingThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- School of NursingSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of NursingThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of NursingThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lanying Xu
- Department of NursingThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of NursingThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Fengmei Tian
- Department of NursingThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Liping Tan
- Department of NursingThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bacci G, Converso D, Sottimano I, Martini M. The Perception of Workplace Safety and of Risk of Contagion among Preschool Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1222. [PMID: 37508718 PMCID: PMC10378074 DOI: 10.3390/children10071222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on early childhood educational contexts and on educators' working conditions. This study aims to examine the change over time in personal contribution to workplace safety and perception of risk of infection among preschool teachers after returning to in-person work during the third wave of the pandemic (spring 2021). Teachers' perceptions of workplace safety can influence their quality of work-life and, as a consequence, the quality of service offered to children. Data were collected using two questionnaires: at T0 (January) and at T1 (May). The results showed relations between organizational and personal actions to manage risk and fear of infection at work. Concern about COVID-19 contagion decreased over time (t = 5.53, p = 0.000) and perceptions of personal contribution to workplace safety related to COVID-19 improved: t = -2.18 p = 0.031. The decrease in these concerns illustrates how perceptions of ability to manage contagion and protect workplace safety of preschool teachers improved over time, despite the stability of the pandemic context in the first half of 2021. After the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study gives an account of some good practices and their perceived effectiveness in terms of safety for childhood educational contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bacci
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Converso
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sottimano
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Martini
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Govindan R, Gandhi S, Nattala P, Rajeswari B. Lived-in experiences of health care professionals affected with COVID-19. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:729-735. [PMID: 37645354 PMCID: PMC10461580 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_327_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Healthcare providers (HCPs) were vital during the COVID-19 pandemic. The healthcare providers affected by COVID-19 underwent various life changing events while continuing their profession during the pandemic. This study is aimed to explore the lived-in experiences of HCPs affected by COVID-19 at a tertiary care Mental Health Institute in India. Materials and Methods The sampling method was purposive. Twenty two HCPs (eight nursing educators, seven nursing officers, five contractual cleaning workers, and two laboratory technicians) participated in the interviews conducted by the researchers to obtain the lived-in experiences of HCPs who have recovered from COVID-19. Researchers used a sociodemographic form and an interview guide to collect the data. Interviews were audio recorded and analyzed by using Atlas-ti-9 software. Results All the participants were female, and they revealed various physical, psychological, and social issues faced by HCPs while balancing home and workplace. Thematic data analysis resulted in the emergence of two themes and 11 subthemes related to life changing events. Conclusion The findings concluded that although the healthcare providers had working experience in the field of mental health, they too experienced mild psychological issues like anxiety, depression, and fear of death because of this pandemic situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Govindan
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sailaxmi Gandhi
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanthi Nattala
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bingi Rajeswari
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Borella F, Bertero L, Di Giovanni F, Witel G, Orlando G, Ricci AA, Pittaro A, Castellano I, Cassoni P. COVID-19 and Breast Cancer: Analysis of Surgical Management of a Large Referral Center during the 2020-2021 Pandemic Period. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4767-4778. [PMID: 37232817 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide since December 2019 and was officially declared a pandemic in March 2020. Due to the rapid transmission and the high fatality rate, drastic emergency restrictions were issued, with a negative impact on routine clinical activities. In particular, in Italy, many authors have reported a reduction in the number of breast cancer diagnoses and critical problems in the management of patients who accessed the breast units during the dramatic first months of the pandemic. Our study aims to analyze the global impact of COVID-19 in the two years of the pandemic (2020-2021) on the surgical management of breast cancer by comparing them with the previous two years. METHODS In our retrospective study, we analyzed all cases of breast cancer diagnosed and surgically treated at the breast unit of "Città della Salute e della Scienza" in Turin, Italy, making a comparison between the 2018-2019 pre-pandemic period and the 2020-2021 pandemic period. RESULTS We included in our analysis 1331 breast cancer cases surgically treated from January 2018 to December 2021. A total of 726 patients were treated in the pre-pandemic years and 605 in the pandemic period (-121 cases, 9%). No significant differences were observed regarding diagnosis (screening vs. no screening) and timing between radiological diagnosis and surgery for both in situ and invasive tumors. There were no variations in the breast surgical approach (mastectomy vs. conservative surgery), while a reduction in axillary dissection compared to the sentinel lymph node in the pandemic period was observed (p-value < 0.001). Regarding the biological characteristics of breast cancers, we observed a greater number of grades 2-3 (p-value = 0.007), pT stage 3-4 breast cancer surgically treated without previous neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p-value = 0.03), and a reduction in luminal B tumors (p-value = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Overall, we report a limited reduction in surgical activity for breast cancer treatment considering the entire pandemic period (2020-2021). These results suggest a prompt resumption of surgical activity similar to the pre-pandemic period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Borella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Di Giovanni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Witel
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Andrea Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pittaro
- Pathology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Castellano
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu T, Shao M, Liu R, Wu X, Zheng K. Risk Perception, Perceived Government Coping Validity, and Individual Response in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1982. [PMID: 36767349 PMCID: PMC9915099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As a major crisis event, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global economy, threatened the lives of the public, and caused varying degrees of impact on the public. Previous studies have shown that risk perception and government response had different impacts on the public, but they revealed more about the independent impact of risk perception and government response on the public. This study will comprehensively consider the impacts of these two factors on the behavior of the public in the early stage of the epidemic. We analyzed data from an online survey in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in China and categorized individual behaviors into three dimensions: entertainment and travel, work, and the stockpile of supplies. In addition, we defined the risk perception variables by two dimensions: knowledge of the epidemic itself and knowledge of the consequences of the epidemic. At the same time, we used an exploratory factor analysis to construct the variable of perceived government coping validity and then adopted the ordinal logit model for analysis. The results showed that in terms of entertainment and travel, people would not be affected even if they fully understood the epidemic itself; once they were aware of the negative social consequences of the epidemic, people would suspend entertainment and travel to prevent the spread of the virus. As for work or employment, people would not stop working or employment even if they realized the infectivity and harmfulness of the disease and its social consequences. Furthermore, fear of COVID-19 and the perception of uncontrolled COVID-19 significantly positively affected people's material stockpiling behavior. These results indicate that different risk perceptions had different effects on individual responses, and individual behaviors reflected different coping logics. In addition, the government's effective response to the epidemic would significantly reduce the negative impacts of the epidemic on the three dimensions of people's responses. These conclusions have certain policy implications for preventing and responding to outbreaks in other countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- School of International Culture and Social Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Mengyuan Shao
- School of International Culture and Social Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Ruiquan Liu
- School of International Culture and Social Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- School of International Culture and Social Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Economics and International Trade, School of Economics, Management & Law, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adanaqué-Bravo I, Escobar-Segovia K, Gómez-Salgado J, García-Iglesias JJ, Fagundo-Rivera J, Ruiz-Frutos C. Relationship Between Psychological Distress, Burnout and Work Engagement in Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Int J Public Health 2023; 67:1605605. [PMID: 36686389 PMCID: PMC9849247 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The psychological distress that the COVID-19 pandemic has produced has generated negative effects on workers, and in one way or another this has affected their work engagement within companies. The aim of this research was to assess the relationship between psychological distress, burnout and work engagement in workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA methodology, taking articles from the Scopus, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases from the beginning of the pandemic until November 2022. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for non-randomised studies. Results: 24 articles were selected. All the articles found an association between psychological distress, burnout or other factors and work engagement. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on work engagement and a negative relationship with psychological distress and burnout, hence the importance of companies taking measures to minimise levels of psychological distress and burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Adanaqué-Bravo
- Faculty of Engineering in Mechanics and Production Sciences, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Kenny Escobar-Segovia
- Faculty of Engineering in Earth Sciences, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Juan Jesús García-Iglesias
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Javier Fagundo-Rivera
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prevalence and determinants of Italian physicians' burnout in the "post-COVID-19" era. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:377-387. [PMID: 36335513 PMCID: PMC9638242 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies investigated prevalence and determinants of physicians' burnout during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, but only a few during the chronic phase of the pandemic. This study thus aimed to examine this topic referring to the "post-COVID-19 era", defined as a chronic and likely-to-be endemic status quo. METHODS A cross-sectional, online survey (November 2021-January 2022) was addressed to physicians in Lombardia (Northern Italy). Besides socio-demographic and COVID-19-related data, measures of personal, work- and patient-related burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; CBI), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), and self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale) were collected. Linear/generalized linear models were run to test associations/predictions of interest. RESULTS Among the 958 respondents, burnout symptoms were clinically significant in 18.5% of them. Predictive models showed that female sex (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.42-1.27), younger age (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.59-1.48), shorter job tenure (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.62-1.65), trainee status (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.16-7.10), higher PHQ-8 (OR = 1.260, 95% CI 1.16-1.37), and GAD-7 scores (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.30) increased the risk to suffer from clinical burnout. COVID-19-related variables were mostly not related/associated to burnout levels. CONCLUSION In Italy, physicians' burnout is moderately prevalent also in the chronic phase of the pandemic, with its determinants being more intrinsic than environmental. The development of effective interventions is needed to help physicians cope with the new challenges of their job.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pabón-Carrasco M, Vilar-Palomo S, Gonzalez-Elena ML, Romero-Castillo R, Ponce-Blandon JA, Castro-Méndez A. Comparison of the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Self-Employed Private Healthcare Workers with Respect to Employed Public Healthcare Workers: Three-Wave Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010134. [PMID: 36611594 PMCID: PMC9819057 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Coronavirus disease, also called COVID-19, is a worldwide pandemic with a major impact on all aspects of the individual (health status, psychological, and economic aspects, among others). The perception of health professionals in this situation has been influenced by their economic and psychosocial situations. On the economic level, self-employed workers have no state subsidies, with the added disadvantage of not having sufficient means to cope with contagion. This could potentially have an impact on their health and indirectly on their family members, creating additional stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the level of anxiety of health professionals working in private practice compared to healthcare workers working in public institutions during the first three waves of COVID-19. (2) Methods: A cohort study on 517 subjects comparing anxiety between a group of health workers and a group of health professionals working in the public sector at three key moments during the pandemic was performed. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences were found between self-employed private health professionals compared to those working as public health workers. The perception of impact was worse in the self-employed; however, a higher level of anxiety was evident in public employees in all assessed domains (cognitive, physiological, and motor, p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: There were significant changes when comparing the first phase between both groups; employed public healthcare workers manifested a sense of lower risk of COVID-19 contagion than privately employed professionals, who had a higher level of anxiety. In the second and third waves, negative feelings improved for both groups, and the fear of showing anxiety to the patient decreased over the course of the waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Pabón-Carrasco
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avenzoar, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-35-09-972; Fax: +34-954-35-09-97
| | - Samuel Vilar-Palomo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avenzoar, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gonzalez-Elena
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avenzoar, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Aurora Castro-Méndez
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avenzoar, 41009 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Y, Teng W, Chen C, Zou G. Correlation of safety behavior, handover quality, and risk perception: A cross-sectional study among Chinese psychiatric nurses. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1043553. [PMID: 36601526 PMCID: PMC9806171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1043553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nurses' safety behaviors played an important role in patients' safety goal realization, and it varies from person to person. However, less research has explored the safety behavior level of psychiatric nurses and its influencing factors. Thus, this research aimed to assess the level of safety behavior and explore whether risk perception mediated the relationship between handover quality and safety behavior among psychiatric nurses. Methods A total of 186 registered psychiatric nurses in a Chinese hospital were recruited for this study, through the convenience sampling method. Handover quality, risk perception, and safety behavior were measured. Hayes' PROCESS macro was used to evaluate the mediation of risk perception between handover quality and safety behavior. Results Scores of psychiatric nurses' safety behaviors were (47.98 ± 7.45), and handover quality and risk perception could predict the variance of nurses' safety behaviors. Risk perception could partially mediate between handover quality and nurses' safety behaviors, and the value of the mediating effect was 49.17%. Conclusion Psychiatric nurses' safety behaviors have a large promotion space. Therefore, healthcare professionals should endeavor to improve the handover quality of psychiatric nurses and decrease their risk perception, thereby promoting nurses' safety behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Liu
- Department of Healthcare Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiyu Teng
- Department of Psychiatric, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Psychiatric, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guiyuan Zou
- Department of Psychiatric, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ergen B, Taşdemiir N, Yıldırım Tank D. Experiences of Operating Room Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. J Perianesth Nurs 2022:S1089-9472(22)00601-3. [PMID: 36635122 PMCID: PMC9684108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was conducted to examine the experiences of operating room nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN This study was designed as a phenomenological qualitative research method. METHODS This study was conducted with 10 volunteer operating room nurses who met the criteria for participation in the study between February 2021 and March 2021 in a public hospital. Data were collected using a personal information form and a semi-structured interview from using the in-depth interview technique. Two researchers and one expert created the themes and codes using the thematic analysis method. FINDINGS As a result of the analysis, four themes and 29 codes were identified. The following codes were created for the theme "Changing systems and practices in the operating room": Personal protective equipment and sterility, workload/time, lack of communication between patient and nurse, decrease in the number of cases, change in the use of emergencies and elective procedures, flexible working methods. On the theme of the impact of the pandemic, anxiety/anxiety, psychological distress, difficulty with personal protective equipment, lack of nurses, longing/distance from family, sleep disturbances, family problems, and difficulty working in another department were noted. On the theme of coping strategies for the pandemic, the codes found were; communication with family, breathing/sporting exercises, spirituality, regular/healthy diet, online shopping, watching TV series/movies, and acceptance of the process. On the theme of "learning from the pandemic," the codes of the importance of life/health, the importance of family, worthlessness of the caring profession, financial injustice, gaining work experience, the importance of personal protection, lack of union support, and job satisfaction were produced. CONCLUSIONS The study found that the nursing in the operating room has changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, that nurses have experienced many positive/negative impacts, and that they have gained many benefits from the pandemic through various coping methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Ergen
- Department of Nursing, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Science Institute, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Nurten Taşdemiir
- Department of Nursing, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Faculty of Health Sciences, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Yıldırım Tank
- Department of Nursing, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Faculty of Health Sciences, Zonguldak, Türkiye,Address correspondence to Dilek YILDIRIM TANK, Nursing Department, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Faculty of Health Sciences, Esenköy, Kozlu, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Andhavarapu S, Yardi I, Bzhilyanskaya V, Lurie T, Bhinder M, Patel P, Pourmand A, Tran QK. Post-traumatic stress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114890. [PMID: 36260970 PMCID: PMC9573911 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased healthcare worker (HCW) susceptibility to mental illness. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and possible factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among HCW during the COVID-19 pandemic. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases up to May 4th, 2022. We performed random effects meta-analysis and moderator analyses for the prevalence of PTSD-relevant symptoms and severe PTSD symptoms. We identified 1276 studies, reviewed 209 full-text articles, and included 119 studies (117,143 participants) with a total of 121 data points in our final analysis. 34 studies (24,541 participants) reported prevalence of severe PTSD symptoms. Approximately 25.2% of participants were physicians, 42.8% nurses, 12.4% allied health professionals, 8.9% auxiliary health professionals, and 10.8% "other". The pooled prevalence of PTSD symptoms among HCWs was 34% (95% CI, 0.30-0.39, I2 >90%), and 14% for severe PTSD (95% CI, 0.11 - 0.17, I2 >90%). The introduction of COVID vaccines was associated with a sharp decline in the prevalence of PTSD, and new virus variants were associated with small increases in PTSD rates. It is important that policies work towards allocating adequate resources towards protecting the well-being of healthcare workers to minimize adverse consequences of PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanketh Andhavarapu
- The Research Associate Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Isha Yardi
- The Research Associate Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vera Bzhilyanskaya
- The Research Associate Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tucker Lurie
- The Research Associate Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mujtaba Bhinder
- The Research Associate Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Priya Patel
- The Research Associate Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ali Pourmand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Quincy K Tran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Suite T3N45, Baltimore, MD 21043, United States; Program in Trauma, The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gorini A, Giuliani M, Fiabane E, Bonomi A, Gabanelli P, Pierobon A, Moretta P, Pagliarulo G, Spaccavento S, Vaudo G, Pirro M, Mannarino MR, Milani L, Caruso MP, Baiardi P, Dalla Vecchia LA, La Rovere MT, Pistarini C, Baldassarre D. Prevalence of Psychopathological Symptoms and Their Determinants in Four Healthcare Workers' Categories during the Second Year of COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13712. [PMID: 36294291 PMCID: PMC9602535 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly stressful situations, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, induce constant changes in the mental state of people who experience them. In the present study, we analyzed the prevalence of some psychological symptoms and their determinants in four different categories of healthcare workers during the second year of the pandemic. A total of 265 physicians, 176 nurses, 184 other healthcare professionals, and 48 administrative employees, working in different Italian healthcare contexts, answered a questionnaire including variables about their mental status and experience with the pandemic. The mean scores for anxiety and depressive symptoms measured more than one year after the onset of the pandemic did not reach the pathological threshold. In contrast, post-traumatic and burnout symptoms tended toward the critical threshold, especially in physicians. The main determinant of psychological distress was perceived stress, followed by job satisfaction, the impact of COVID-19 on daily work, and a lack of recreational activities. These results increase the knowledge of which determinants of mental distress would be important to act on when particularly stressful conditions exist in the workplace that persist over time. If well-implemented, specific interventions focused on these determinants could lead to an improvement in employee well-being and in the quality of care provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gorini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Milano-Camaldoli, 64, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Fiabane
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 16167 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Bonomi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Gabanelli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Psychology Unit of Pavia Institute, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonia Pierobon
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Psychology Unit of Montescano Institute, 27040 Montescano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Moretta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurological Rehabilitation Unit of Teleselezioni Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pagliarulo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurological Rehabilitation Unit of Teleselezioni Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Simona Spaccavento
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Psychology Unit of Bari Institute, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Vaudo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “Santa Maria” Terni University Hospital, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo R. Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Baiardi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Direzione Scientifica Centrale of Pavia Institute, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa La Rovere
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Department of Cardiology of Montescano Institute, 27040 Montescano, Italy
| | - Caterina Pistarini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Department of Neurorehabilitation of Pavia Institute, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Grazioli VS, Tzartzas K, Blaser J, Graells M, Schmutz E, Petitgenet I, Favrat B, Zozaya JS, Kokkinakis I, Marion-Veyron R, Bodenmann P. Risk Perception Related to COVID-19 and Future Affective Responses Among Healthcare Workers in Switzerland: A Mixed-Methods Longitudinal Study. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604517. [PMID: 36119446 PMCID: PMC9478025 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Whereas early findings suggest that risk perceptions related to COVID-19 affect psychological well-being in healthcare workers (HCWs), the temporal associations between these variables need to be clarified and HCWs lived experience further explored. This study proposes a mixed evaluation of COVID-19-related risk perception and affective responses among HCWs. Methods: A longitudinal mixed-method study was conducted. HCWs (N = 138) completed measures of COVID-19 risk perceptions, depression, anxiety, burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) at baseline and 6 months later. A subsample (n = 20) participated in semi-structured interviews exploring both risk perceptions and affective responses. Results: Main quantitative findings showed positive associations between worry to contaminate others and depression (IRR = 1.04, p < 0.05), anxiety (IRR = 1.03, p < 0.01), STS (b = 0.3, p < 0.05), and perceptions of lacking protection (IRR = 1.04, p < 0.05) with anxiety scores. Four themes emerged from the thematic content analysis: 1) life was turned upside down; 2) skills were put in quarantine; 3) dealing with patient discomfort; 4) balance to be found between protection and restrictions. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance to develop tailored interventions, such as group discussion sessions, to optimize risk perception and help manage uncertainty.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cortese G, Sorbello M, Di Giacinto I, Cedrone M, Urdaneta F, Brazzi L. Human Factors and Airway Management in COVID-19 Patients: The Perfect Storm? J Clin Med 2022; 11:4271. [PMID: 35893372 PMCID: PMC9330625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic heavily impacted healthcare workers, increasing their physical and psychological workload. Specifically, COVID-19 patients' airway management is definitely a challenging task regarding both severe and acute respiratory failure and the risk of contagion while performing aerosol-generating procedures. The category of anesthesiologists and intensivists, the main actors of airway management, showed a poor psychological well-being and a high stress and burnout risk. Identifying and better defining the specific main SARS-CoV-2-related stressors can help them deal with and effectively plan a strategy to manage these patients in a more confident and safer way. In this review, we therefore try to analyze the relevance of human factors and non-technical skills when approaching COVID-19 patients. Lessons from the past, such as National Audit Project 4 recommendations, have taught us that safe airway management should be based on preoperative assessment, the planning of an adequate strategy, the optimization of setting and resources and the rigorous evaluation of the scenario. Despite, or thanks to, the critical issues and difficulties, the "take home lesson" that we can translate from SARS-CoV-2 to every airway management is that there can be no more room for improvisation and that creating teamwork must become a priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Cortese
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (L.B.)
| | | | - Ida Di Giacinto
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Mazzoni Hospital, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy;
| | - Martina Cedrone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Felipe Urdaneta
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Florida/South Georgia Veteran Health Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Luca Brazzi
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (L.B.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Novelli V, Fassio F, Resani G, Bussa M, Durbano A, Meloni A, Oliva G, Cutti S, Girardi D, Odone A, Villani S, Marena C, Muzzi A, Monti MC. Clinical Characteristics and Potential Risk Factors Associated with the SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Survey on a Health Care Workers (HCWs) Population in Northern Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138194. [PMID: 35805853 PMCID: PMC9266542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 400 million cases all over the world have been identified. Health care workers were among the first to deal with this virus and consequently a high incidence of infection was reported in this population. The aim of the survey was to investigate health care workers’ (HCWs) clinical characteristics and potential risk factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a referral hospital in Northern Italy after the first and second waves of the pandemic. We administered a questionnaire during the flu vaccination campaign that took place at the end of 2020; among 1386 vaccinated HCWs, data was collected and analyzed for 1065 subjects. 182 HCWs (17%) declared that they had tested positive on at least a molecular or a serological test since the beginning of the pandemic. Comparing the infected vs. not infected HCWs, median age, BMI, smoking habit, presence of hypertension or other comorbidities were not significantly different, while having worked in a COVID ward was associated with the infection (ORadj = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.07–2.20). Respondents declared that more than 70% of contacts occurred in the hospital with patients or colleagues, while about 15% in domestic environments. Among the infected, the most reported symptoms were fever (62.1%), asthenia (60.3%), anosmia/ageusia (53.5%), arthralgia/myalgia (48.3%), headache or other neurological symptoms (46.6%), cough (43.1%) and flu-like syndrome (41.4%). The percentage of subjects who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 seems to be higher in HCWs than in the general population; hence, in hospitals, protective measures and preventive strategies to avoid the spreading of the contagion remain crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Novelli
- Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.N.); (G.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (D.G.); (C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Federico Fassio
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.V.); (M.C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Guido Resani
- Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.N.); (G.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (D.G.); (C.M.); (A.M.)
- Unit of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Martino Bussa
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.V.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Durbano
- Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.N.); (G.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (D.G.); (C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Meloni
- Unit of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Giovanni Oliva
- Unit of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Sara Cutti
- Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.N.); (G.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (D.G.); (C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniela Girardi
- Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.N.); (G.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (D.G.); (C.M.); (A.M.)
- Unit of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Odone
- Unit of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Simona Villani
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.V.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Carlo Marena
- Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.N.); (G.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (D.G.); (C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Alba Muzzi
- Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.N.); (G.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.); (D.G.); (C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Monti
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.V.); (M.C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Righi L, Ramacciani Isemann C, Rosati M, Pallassini M, Pozza A. Coping strategies at the frontline of care: Comparisons between Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 units' nurses and the role of moderator variables. Nurs Forum 2022; 57:545-557. [PMID: 35262941 PMCID: PMC9115366 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relatively few studies focused on the coping strategies adopted by the healthcare workers during the second phase of the pandemic. The present study compared the coping strategies between Italian nurses working in Covid-19 and in other units and it explored whether socio-demographic and work-related variables moderate the relation between the type of unit and coping strategies. METHODS A web-based questionnaire that included sociodemographic and work-related questions and the Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced-New Italian Version-25 item was administered. Moderation effects between variables and coping strategies were analyzed using generalized linear models. RESULTS 253 nurses participated. Nurses who worked in a Covid-19 unit had significantly lower scores on Avoidance Strategies subscale and higher scores on Positive Attitude and Social Support subscales than nurses working in other units. DISCUSSION Gender differences emerged only on the social support coping dimension, with women being more likely to adopt social support than men. No association between the type of unit and the other coping strategies was found. CONCLUSION Nurses working in Covid-19 units showed better coping strategies than their colleagues: this suggests that support interventions aimed to promote coping strategies should be offered also to Covid-19-free units' nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Righi
- Department of EmergencyUSL Toscana Sud Est Health AgencyArezzoItaly
| | | | - Moris Rosati
- Intensive Care Unit“Santa Maria alle Scotte” University HospitalSienaItaly
| | - Maurilio Pallassini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and NeurosciencesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and NeurosciencesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Czepiel D, Hoek HW, van der Markt A, Rutten BPF, Veling W, Schirmbeck F, Mascayano F, Susser ES, van der Ven E. The Association Between Exposure to COVID-19 and Mental Health Outcomes Among Healthcare Workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:896843. [PMID: 35757645 PMCID: PMC9226479 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.896843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care systems, there has been great interest in the mental wellbeing of healthcare workers. While most studies investigated mental health outcomes among frontline vs. non-frontline healthcare workers, little is known about the impact of various work-related variables. The present study aimed to examine the association between work-related [i.e., having contact with COVID-19 patients, being redeployed due to the pandemic and availability of sufficient personal protective equipment (PPE)] and subjective (i.e., worries about getting infected or infecting others) exposures and self-reported mental health outcomes (i.e., psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic stress symptoms). Between February and May 2021, 994 healthcare workers employed at a variety of healthcare settings in the Netherlands filled out an online survey as part of the COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) study. Mental health outcomes were measured using the General Health Questionnaire-12, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5. Approximately 13% reported depressive symptoms, 37% experienced psychological distress, and 20% reported posttraumatic stress symptoms. Multilevel linear models consisted of three levels: individual (work-related and subjective exposures), healthcare center (aggregated redeployment and availability of sufficient PPE), and regional (cumulative COVID-19 infection and death rates). Worries about infection were associated with all three mental health outcomes, whereas insufficient PPE was associated with psychological distress and depressive symptoms. There were no differences in outcomes between healthcare centers or provinces with different COVID-19 infection and death rates. Our findings highlight the importance of adequate PPE provision and the subjective experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors should be part of interventions aimed at mitigating adverse mental health outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Czepiel
- Parnassia Groep, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans W Hoek
- Parnassia Groep, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Afra van der Markt
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Wim Veling
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Franco Mascayano
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ezra S Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Els van der Ven
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jørgensen L, Pedersen B, Lerbæk B, Haslund-Thomsen H, Thorup CB, Albrechtsen MT, Jacobsen S, Nielsen MG, Kusk KH, Laugesen B, Voldbjerg SL, Grønkjær M, Bundgaard K. Nursing care during COVID-19 at non-COVID-19 hospital units: A qualitative study. NORDIC JOURNAL OF NURSING RESEARCH 2022; 42:101-108. [PMID: 35729941 PMCID: PMC9204132 DOI: 10.1177/20571585211047429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of physical distance, the absence of relatives and the relocation of registered nurses to COVID-19 units presumably affects nursing care at non-COVID-19 units. Using a qualitative design, this study explored registered nurses’ experiences of how COVID-19 influenced nursing care in non-COVID-19 units at a Danish university hospital during the first wave of the virus. The study is reported using the COREQ checklist. The analysis offered two findings: (1) the challenge of an increased workload for registered nurses remaining in non-COVID-19 units and (2) the difficulty of navigating the contradictory needs for both closeness to and distance from patients. The study concluded that several factors challenged nursing care in non-COVID-19 units during the COVID-19 pandemic. These may have decreased the amount of contact between patients and registered nurses, which may have contributed to a task-oriented approach to nursing care, leading to missed nursing care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lone Jørgensen
- Clinic for Surgery and Cancer Treatment, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Birgith Pedersen
- Clinic for Surgery and Cancer Treatment, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lerbæk
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinic for Internal and Emergency Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Helle Haslund-Thomsen
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinic for Anesthesiology, Children, Circulation and Women, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Brun Thorup
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Sara Jacobsen
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marie Germund Nielsen
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Britt Laugesen
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Guidelines, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Siri Lygum Voldbjerg
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Nursing Education, University College North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mette Grønkjær
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karin Bundgaard
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinic for Neuro-, Head and Orthopaedic Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu X, Yuan SJ, Ji TT, Song YL. Relationship between Risk Perception of COVID-19 and Job Withdrawal among Chinese Nurses: The Effect of Work-Family Conflict and Job Autonomy. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:1931-1939. [PMID: 35475528 PMCID: PMC9115246 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of work–family conflict and the moderating role of job autonomy on the association between risk perception of COVID‐19 and job withdrawal among Chinese nurses during the initial disease outbreak. Background Nurses' job withdrawal can not only reduce the quality and efficiency of care but also give rise to turnover during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Thus, it is essential to clarify how and when the risk perception of COVID‐19 influences the job withdrawal behaviours of nurses and to provide guidelines for reducing nurses' job withdrawal. Methods A two‐wave study was conducted among 287 Chinese nurses from 11 COVID‐19‐designated hospitals during the initial outbreak of the disease from March through April 2020. Data on the risk perception of COVID‐19, job autonomy and work–family conflict were collected at time 1, and 1 month later, job withdrawal data were collected at time 2. Model 4 and Model 14 from SPSS macro PROCESS were used to test the mediating effect of work–family conflict and the moderating effect of job autonomy, respectively. Results Work–family conflict mediated 60.54% of the relationship between risk perception of COVID‐19 and job withdrawal. Job autonomy positively moderated the relation between work–family conflict and job withdrawal (β = 0.12, P < 0.01). Conclusion Risk perception of COVID‐19 influenced nurses' job withdrawal through work–family conflict. Job autonomy exaggerated the association between work–family conflict and job withdrawal. Implications for Nursing Management Managers should provide more supportive resources to help nurses cope with the risk of COVID‐19 to decrease work–family conflict and job withdrawal, and they should strengthen supervision over the work processes of nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Jie Yuan
- School of Education and Psychology, Huangshan University, Huangshan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lei Song
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cipolletta S, Andreghetti GR, Mioni G. Risk Perception towards COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4649. [PMID: 35457521 PMCID: PMC9028425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have attempted to identify how people's risk perceptions differ in regard to containing COVID-19 infections. The aim of the present review was to illustrate how risk awareness towards COVID-19 predicts people's preventive behaviors and to understand which features are associated with it. For the review, 77 articles found in six different databases (ProQuest, PsycInfo, PubMed, Science Direct, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were considered, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was followed, and data synthesis was conducted using a mixed-methods approach. The results indicate that a high-risk perception towards COVID-19 predicts, in general, compliance with preventive behaviors and social distancing measures. Additionally, risk awareness was found to be associated with four other key themes: demographic factors, individual factors, geographical factors, and timing. Therefore, gaining a greater understanding of individual and cultural differences as well as how people behave could be the basis of an effective strategy for raising public risk awareness and for countering COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cipolletta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy; (G.R.A.); (G.M.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Daneshvar E, Otterbach S, Alameddine M, Safikhani H, Sousa-Poza A. Sources of anxiety among health care workers in Tehran during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Policy Plan 2022; 37:310-321. [PMID: 34791255 PMCID: PMC8690063 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
By applying multivariate regression to 2020 survey data from four Tehran hospitals, we measure eight recognized sources of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related anxiety among 723 healthcare workers (HCWs) with diverse sociodemographic characteristics employed across different hospital areas and positions. The most prominent anxiety source identified is the risk of workplace COVID-19 contraction and transmission to family, followed by uncertainty about organizational support for personal and family needs in the event of worker infection. A supplemental qualitative analysis of 68 respondents in the largest hospital identifies four additional anxiety sources, namely, health, finances, workload, and leadership. This evidence of the multifaceted nature of anxiety sources among HCWs highlights the differentiated approaches that hospital policymakers must take to combat anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Daneshvar
- Institute for Health Care & Public Management, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 48, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Steffen Otterbach
- Institute for Health Care & Public Management, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 48, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Mohamad Alameddine
- University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, University City, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamidreza Safikhani
- Economics & Health Management, Strategic Council at National Research Network for Policy Making, Tehran, Iran
- Health Economics Association of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Institute for Health Care & Public Management, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 48, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou T, Xu C, Wang C, Sha S, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Hu D, Liu Y, Tian T, Liang S, Zhou L, Wang Q. Burnout and well-being of healthcare workers in the post-pandemic period of COVID-19: a perspective from the job demands-resources model. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:284. [PMID: 35236354 PMCID: PMC8888816 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed 1) to examine the effects of epidemic-related job stressors, perceived social support and organizational support on the burnout and well-being of Chinese healthcare workers in the period of COVID-19 regular epidemic prevention and control and 2) to investigate the moderating effects of social support and organizational support on the relationship between job stressors and burnout and well-being within the theoretical framework of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. Methods A sample of healthcare workers (N = 3477) from 22 hospitals in Beijing, China participated in the cross-sectional investigation in October 2020 and reported epidemic-related job stressors, perceived social support, organizational support, burnout, anxiety and depression symptoms. Results 1) Medical doctors, females, people aged from 30 to 50, and those who worked in the second line during the pandemic reported higher scores of psychological symptoms and burnout in the period of regular epidemic prevention and control; 2) Epidemic-related job stressors positively predicted burnout, anxiety, and depression among healthcare workers; 3) Perceived social support and organizational support were negatively related to reported burnout, anxiety and depression symptoms; 4) Social support reduced the adverse effects of epidemic-related job stressors on anxiety and depression but enhanced the association between stressors and burnout; 5) Organizational support mitigated the adverse effects of epidemic-related job stressors on depression. Conclusion The results shed light on preventing burnout and enhancing the psychological well-being of healthcare workers under epidemic prevention and control measures by reducing epidemic-related job stressors and strengthening personal and organizational support systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changshun Xu
- Beijing Hospitals Authority, No.70 Zaolinqian Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Cunliang Wang
- Beijing Hospitals Authority, No.70 Zaolinqian Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Hutong, Deshengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Hutong, Deshengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - You Zhou
- New York Psychoanalytic Society & Insititute, New York, USA
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Hutong, Deshengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yinqi Liu
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Hutong, Deshengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Tengfei Tian
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Hutong, Deshengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Sixiang Liang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Hutong, Deshengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Hutong, Deshengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Hutong, Deshengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guidetti G, Converso D, Sanseverino D, Ghislieri C. Return to Work during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Study on the Role of Job Demands, Job Resources, and Personal Resources upon the Administrative Staff of Italian Public Universities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19041995. [PMID: 35206184 PMCID: PMC8872050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Compared to healthcare workers and teleworkers, occupational wellbeing of employees who continued or suddenly returned to work during the COVID-19 pandemic have received less attention thus far. Using the Job Demand–Resource model as a framework, the present study aimed at evaluating the role of job demands and job and personal resources in affecting emotional exhaustion among university administrative staff. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected through an online questionnaire completed by 364 administrative employees that continued working in presence (WP) and 1578 that continued working blended (WB), namely, partly remotely and partly in presence. Results: Among job demands, quantitative job demand overloads and perceived risk of being infected were positively associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion. Among job resources, colleague support was significantly associated with lower emotional exhaustion for both WB and WP, whereas supervisor support and fatigue management were salient only for WB. Among personal resources, personal contribution in managing COVID-19-related risk at work emerged as a protective factor for emotional exhaustion. Conclusion: Insights for the development of targeted preventive measure for a more psychologically safe and productive return to work can be derived from these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Guidetti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University of G. d’Annunzio Chieti and Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Daniela Converso
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Domenico Sanseverino
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Chiara Ghislieri
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van Hout D, Hutchinson P, Wanat M, Pilbeam C, Goossens H, Anthierens S, Tonkin-Crine S, Gobat N. The experience of European hospital-based health care workers on following infection prevention and control procedures and their wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0245182. [PMID: 35130294 PMCID: PMC8820620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Working under pandemic conditions exposes health care workers (HCWs) to infection risk and psychological strain. A better understanding of HCWs’ experiences of following local infection prevention and control (IPC) procedures during COVID-19 is urgently needed to inform strategies for protecting the psychical and psychological health of HCWs. The objective of this study was therefore to capture the perceptions of hospital HCWs on local IPC procedures and the impact on their emotional wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Methods Participants were recruited in two sampling rounds of an international cross-sectional survey. Sampling took place between 31 March and 17 April 2020 via existing research networks and between 14 May and 31 August 2020 via online convenience sampling. Main outcome measures were behavioural determinants of HCWs’ adherence to IPC guidelines and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, a validated scale of 0–100 reflecting emotional wellbeing. The WHO-5 was interpreted as a score below or above 50 points, a cut-off score used in previous literature to screen for depression. Results 2289 HCWs from 40 countries in Europe participated. Mean age was 42 (±11) years, 66% were female, 47% and 39% were medical doctors and nurses, respectively. 74% (n = 1699) of HCWs were directly treating patients with COVID-19, of which 32% (n = 527) reported they were fearful of caring for these patients. HCWs reported high levels of concern about COVID-19 infection risk to themselves (71%) and their family (82%) as a result of their job. 40% of HCWs considered that getting infected with COVID-19 was not within their control. This feeling was more common among junior than senior HCWs (46% versus 38%, P value < .01). Sufficient COVID-19-specific IPC training, confidence in PPE use and institutional trust were positively associated with the feeling that becoming infected with COVID-19 was within their control. Female HCWs were more likely than males to report a WHO-5 score below 50 points (aOR 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–1.8). Conclusions In Europe, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a differential impact on those providing direct COVID-19 patient care, junior staff and women. Health facilities must be aware of these differential impacts, build trust and provide tailored support for this vital workforce during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise van Hout
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul Hutchinson
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Marta Wanat
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin Pilbeam
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sibyl Anthierens
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Tonkin-Crine
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Gobat
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wellbeing in Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Personal Resources and Exhaustion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031714. [PMID: 35162737 PMCID: PMC8835097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Italy was the second country to be affected by COVID-19 in early 2020, after China. The confrontation with the pandemic led to great changes in the world of work and, consequently, to the personal world of workers. In such a challenging situation, it is essential to be able to rely on resources that facilitate individual coping. The aim of this study was to understand the association between personal resources (optimism and humor) and exhaustion, and the role of self-compassion in this relationship. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses on a heterogeneous sample of 422 Italian workers during the first lockdown in April–May 2020. The results revealed that optimism and humor were positively associated with self-compassion; optimism and humor also had a negative association with exhaustion; and self-compassion had a mediating role between the two personal resources and exhaustion. These results confirmed the importance of personal resources in maintaining workers’ wellbeing during a challenging period such as the pandemic. The present study also contributes to the body of knowledge on self-compassion, a relatively new construct that has been little studied in the organizational field.
Collapse
|
33
|
The Perceived Risk of Being Infected with COVID-19 at Work, Communication, and Employee Health: A Longitudinal Application of the Job Demands–Resources Model. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14021037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The perceived risk of being infected at work (PRIW) with COVID-19 represents a potential risk factor for workers during the current COVID-19 pandemic. In line with the job demands–resources (JD-R) model in the context of safety at work, in this longitudinal study we propose that PRIW can be conceptualized as a job demand (JD), whereas communication (i.e., the exchange of good-quality information across team members) can be conceived of as a job resource (JR). Accordingly, we hypothesize that PRIW at Time 1 (T1) would positively predict psychophysical strain at Time 2 (i.e., four months later), and that communication at T1 would negatively predict psychophysical strain at T2. Overall, 297 workers participated in the study. The hypothesized relationships were tested using multiple regression analysis. The results support our predictions: PRIW positively predicted psychophysical strain over time, whereas communication negatively predicted psychophysical strain over time. The results did not change after controlling for age, gender, and type of contract. Overall, this study suggests that PRIW and communication might be conceived of as a risk and a protective factor for work-related stress, respectively. Hence, to promote more sustainable working conditions, interventions should help organizations to promote an adequate balance between JDs and JRs related to COVID-19.
Collapse
|
34
|
Tauro E, Gorini A, Caglio C, Gabanelli P, Caiani EG. COVID-19 and mental disorders in healthcare Personnel: A novel framework to develop Personas from an online survey. J Biomed Inform 2022; 126:103993. [PMID: 35026414 PMCID: PMC8747844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2022.103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper we propose a novel framework for the definition of Personas for healthcare workers based on an online survey, with the aim of highlighting different levels of risk of developing mental disorders induced by COVID-19 and tailor psychological support interventions. METHODS Data were gathered from Italian healthcare workers between April and May 2020. Information about socio-demographic characteristics, current lifestyle, occupational, COVID-19 infection, and psychological indexes (Maslach Burnout Inventory, Impact of Event Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire) was collected. Respondents were divided in four subgroups based on their health profession: physicians (P), nurses (N), other medical professionals (OMP) and technical-administrative (TA). For each sub-group, collected variables (46) were reduced using Principal Component Analysis and clustered by means of k-medoids clustering. Statistical analysis was then applied to define which variables were able to differentiate among the k clusters, leading to the generation of a Persona card (i.e., a template with textual and graphical information) for each of the obtained clusters. RESULTS From the 538 respondents (153 P, 175 N, 176 OMP, 344 TA), the highest stress level, workload impact and risk of mental disorders were found in the N subgroup. Two clusters were identified for P, three clusters for N, two for OMP and one for TA. CONCLUSIONS The proposed framework was able to stratify different risk levels of possible development of mental health issues in healthcare workers due to COVID-19. This approach could represent the first step towards the development of mobile health tools to tailor psychological interventions in pandemic situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Tauro
- Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Dpt., Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gorini
- IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri di Milano, 20138 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Caglio
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Gabanelli
- Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Gianluca Caiani
- Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Dpt., Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang F. Questionnaire Survey on Vaccination Willingness and the Status of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients with Rheumatic Disease: A Single-Center Survey in China. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:2067-2076. [PMID: 35983545 PMCID: PMC9379114 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s369320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global pandemic. Patients with rheumatic disease are more likely to be infected with COVID-19 than the general population, and they should be vaccinated against COVID-19 for protection. This study aimed to understand the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among these patients. METHODOLOGY Patients who came to the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of our hospital from July 3-20, 2021, were randomly selected for a self-designed survey via an online questionnaire platform. Four hundred seventeen questionnaires were validated. RESULTS Males were more likely to underestimate the risk of COVID-19 infection than females, and medical workers had a higher perception of COVID-19 infection risk than nonmedical workers (both P <0.05). Among the included patients, 149 (35.73%) patients were hesitant to be vaccinated, while 268 (64.27%) patients are willing to accept vaccination. Logistic regression analysis showed that men were more willing to be vaccinated than women, and nonmedical workers were more willing to be vaccinated than medical workers (both P <0.05). A total of 55.40% of the patients did not receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The incidence of adverse reactions for the 167 patients who received the COVID-19 vaccine was 8.98%. CONCLUSION The vaccination rate of the patients with rheumatic disease was relatively low, as was their vaccination willingness. Patient sex, whether the patient was a medical worker, and the patient's level of knowledge about the risk of COVID-19 infection and the impact of vaccination on the disease were key factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Feng Wang, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110, Yan ‘an Nan Lu, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, 046000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +0086-355-3128612, Email
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cipolletta S, Tomaino SCM, Rivest-Beauregard M, Sapkota RP, Brunet A, Winter D. Narratives of the worst experiences associated with peritraumatic distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed method study in the USA and Italy. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2129359. [PMID: 36247840 PMCID: PMC9559052 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2129359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been associated with the COVID-19 pandemic experiences, no study has explored yet the association of specific COVID-19 narratives with peritraumatic distress, the precursor of PTSD. Objective: To explore the worst experiences associated with peritraumatic distress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Adult residents (N = 1098), from the US (n = 741) and Italy (n = 357), completed an online survey including socio-demographic data, COVID-19-related experiences, the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory and an open question on their worst experiences during the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). A thematic content analysis (TCA) was conducted on the answers to the open question and a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to identify the themes that best predicted the clinical levels of peritraumatic distress. Results: The main TCA themes related to participants' worst COVID-19 experiences were anxiety, threat, loss, anger, stress and constriction. Threat was the most prevalent theme and correlated with experiences such as being quarantined, being infected and a loved one receiving the diagnosis. US participants' descriptions of their worst experiences related more to life-threat and loss, while Italians reported more threat to the world, stress, social isolation, and feeling trapped. In the CART analysis, the main predictor (79.9%) was perceiving negative effects from the COVID-19 crisis. Among them, a COVID-related threat to self-experience was the most robust predictor. In its absence, being deprived of resources or experiencing high levels of anxiety were other robust predictors. Conclusions: The study provided evidence of the utility of a mixed-method approach in conceptualizing experiences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk of traumatic symptoms. Its findings may inform healthcare interventions and policies for tackling the new challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. HIGHLIGHTS Clinically significant levels of peritraumatic distress symptoms were prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinically significant levels of peritraumatic distress during the COVID-19 pandemic were related to experiences of life-threat, resource deprivation, and anxiety, cross-cutting the themes articulated by the thematic content analysis of anxiety, threat, loss, anger, stress and constriction.The US and Italian participants' descriptions of their worst experiences differed in subtle but important ways, with Americans reporting more life-threat and losses compared to Italians reporting more threat to the world, stress, social isolation, and feelings of being trapped.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjolaine Rivest-Beauregard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ram P Sapkota
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alain Brunet
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Winter
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dias C, Abd Rahman N, Abdullah M, Sukor NSA. Influence of COVID-19 Mobility-Restricting Policies on Individual Travel Behavior in Malaysia. SUSTAINABILITY 2021; 13:13960. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in new postpandemic travel patterns as a result of the stay-at-home policies and restricted movement orders imposed by the Malaysian government. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in individual travel behavior after the government imposed a series of lockdowns, also known as movement control orders (MCO). From March to April 2021, a questionnaire survey was distributed throughout Malaysia, and 435 complete responses were collected. Results indicated that the respondents predominantly chose private cars for various traveling purposes during the pandemic. When choosing a travel mode during the pandemic, married respondents and essential workers placed a significantly higher priority on pandemic-related - items such as cleanliness, infection concern, social distance, and wearing face masks, compared to single respondents and nonessential workers. Binary logistic regression models were developed to estimate individuals’ propensity to make trips for different purposes, i.e., work/study, social activities, recreational activities, and religious activities. Results indicated that essential workers were nearly three times more likely than the general population to make a work trip during the pandemic. Regarding social and recreational trips, males were more likely to make such types of trips as compared to females. Furthermore, those who perceived a higher risk of infection were less likely to make social and recreational trips. Regarding religious trips, males were significantly more likely to make such trips during the pandemic as compared to females. In addition, Muslims had significantly higher odds of making a trip for religious purposes during the pandemic. The findings of this study could be useful in transportation planning when considering travel restrictions during pandemics based on peoples’ travel purposes and mode choices.
Collapse
|
38
|
Jensen HI, Thude BR, Boye LK, Gram BV, Primdahl J, Elkjaer M, Specht K. A cross-sectional study of COVID-19 pandemic-related organizational aspects in health care. Nurs Open 2021; 9:1136-1146. [PMID: 34913276 PMCID: PMC8859060 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study explores how healthcare professionals included in the COVID‐19 contingency plan experienced organizational changes, and explores factors associated with the experiences. Additionally, the study aimed to identify learning points for future similar scenarios. Design A cross‐sectional study. Methods A questionnaire survey of healthcare professionals at three Danish hospitals, June 2020. Results A total of 1,448 healthcare professionals completed the questionnaire. Hereof, 813 (57%) were relocated to new settings/new jobs. The majority experienced that their relocation was totally (49%) or partially (31%) imposed, and 51% reported that the overall experience of the new job function was satisfactory. Type of profession and whether relocation to the new job function was imposed were the main variables associated with the overall experience of being part of the contingency plan. Suggestions for future scenarios included training adjusted to individual competencies, more targeted information, voluntariness with consideration of individual needs and clarification of expectations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Irene Jensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kolding Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bettina Ravnborg Thude
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sonderborg and Tonder, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Lilian Keene Boye
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Bibi Valgerdur Gram
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of Health Sciences, University hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jette Primdahl
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Hospital of Southern Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Mette Elkjaer
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Specht
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dymecka J, Filipkowski J, Machnik-Czerwik A. Fear of COVID-19: stress and job satisfaction among Polish doctors during the pandemic. POSTEPY PSYCHIATRII NEUROLOGII 2021; 30:243-250. [PMID: 37082554 PMCID: PMC9881637 DOI: 10.5114/ppn.2021.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused fear and anxiety around the world. Health care workers are particularly exposed to stress. Fear of COVID-19 and stress can negatively affect job satisfaction. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19, stress and job satisfaction among Polish doctors during the pandemic. Methods 97 doctors participated in the study. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FOC-6), and Job Satisfaction Scale (BJSS) were used. Results Fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress are related to job satisfaction. The stronger the perceived stress and the greater the fear, the lower the job satisfaction. Perceived stress and fear of COVID-19 as predictors of work satisfaction turned out to be statistically significant and explained 15.7% of job satisfaction variance. Fear of COVID-19 was a mediator between perceived stress and job satisfaction. It increases the negative impact of perceived stress on job satisfaction. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers experience severe stress and perceive SARS-CoV-2 as a significant threat to their health and safety, which affects their job satisfaction and can lead to burnout. Doctors should not only be protected from infection but should also be provided with psychological help and support, which could prevent the negative impact of COVID-19 on their professional functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dymecka
- Department of Health Psychology and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Opole University, Opole, Poland
| | - Jakub Filipkowski
- Department of Health Psychology and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Opole University, Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Machnik-Czerwik
- Department of Health Psychology and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Opole University, Opole, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen C, Guan Z, Sun L, Zhou T, Guan R. COVID
‐19 exposure, pandemic‐related appraisals, coping strategies, and psychological symptoms among the frontline medical staff and gender differences in coping processes. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 36:111-120. [PMID: 35440842 PMCID: PMC9011439 DOI: 10.1002/acp.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to explore the effects of COVID‐19 exposure, pandemic‐related appraisals and coping strategies on psychological symptoms among the front‐line healthcare workers based on the transactional theory of stress and coping. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in a Wuhan hospital designated for inpatients with COVID‐19, assessing COVID‐19 exposure (whether or not exposed to confirmed patients at workplace), psychological symptoms, appraisals, and coping strategies in 311 participants. Results revealed that the pandemic markedly affected healthcare workers' mental well‐being through appraisal and coping, with 38.9% reporting high levels of psychological symptoms. Primary appraisal related closely with COVID‐19 exposure, especially in female, while secondary appraisal was associated with problem‐focused coping. Both problem‐focused and emotion‐focused coping had a protective effect against psychological symptoms, but also showed gender differences in its relations with other variables. These findings could potentially benefit to enrich relevant theories, and to develop psychological programs for future epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities Peking University Beijing China
| | - Ziqi Guan
- Teachers College Columbia University New York New York USA
| | - Liqun Sun
- Intensive Care Unit the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities Peking University Beijing China
| | - Ruiyuan Guan
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities Peking University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, risk perception and coping strategies among health care workers in Albania - evidence that needs attention. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021; 12:100824. [PMID: 34751254 PMCID: PMC8567021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic impacted health care workers in many ways including mental health. This impact is usually underestimated in particular in developing countries. Objectives The study aims to assess the level of anxiety, depression, risk perception, and coping strategies of Albanian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional online study was conducted from April to May 2020 by recruiting health care personnel through the snowballing method. Data collection was carried out through social media using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) by Google forms. Participants were recruited from all health care sectors including doctors, nurses, etc. working in both the public and private sectors. Results 410 questionnaires were included in the analysis. Most participants were nurses (59.3%), female (78.5%), and belonged to the age group 26–40 years (46.3%). Mild levels of anxiety were expressed in 26.9% of participants while 7.2% of them expressed moderate levels. 23.1% and 12.1% of participants expressed respectively mild and moderate depression levels. High levels of risk perception were found. A statistical association was found between occupation (p = 0.011), gender (p = 0.031), providing care for COVID-19 patients (p = 0.011), and the availably of mental health support in the workplace. Poor coping strategies were reported among participants. Conclusions Mental health support should be a priority of the healthcare system in particular for young health care workers caring for COVID-19 patients. It can improve the mental health status of health care workers and their family members, impacting the quality of care provided.
Collapse
|
42
|
Schechter-Finkelstein T, Plenert E, La Rosa J, McLean J, Chiang KY, Krueger J, Hearne E, Sung L. Pediatric hematology/oncology healthcare professional emotional health during COVID-19. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7144-7151. [PMID: 34467652 PMCID: PMC8525130 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Little is known about the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on healthcare professional emotional health in pediatric hematology/oncology. Primary objective was to describe anxiety, depression, positive affect, and perceived stress among pediatric hematology/oncology healthcare professionals following a COVID‐19 outbreak. Secondary objectives were to compare these outcomes based on contact with a positive person, and to identify risk factors for worse outcomes. Materials and methods We included 272 healthcare professionals working with pediatric hematology/oncology patients. We determined whether respondents had direct or indirect contact with a COVID‐19‐positive individual and then measured outcomes using the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) depression, anxiety, and positive affect measures, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Results Among eligible respondents, 205 agreed to participate (response rate 75%). Sixty‐nine (33.7%) had contact with a COVID‐19‐positive person. PROMIS anxiety, depression, and positive affect scores were similar to the general United States population. Those who had contact with a COVID‐19‐positive individual did not have significantly different outcomes. In multiple regression, non‐physicians had significantly increased anxiety (nurses: p = 0.013), depression (nurses: p = 0.002, pharmacists: p = 0.038, and other profession: p = 0.021), and perceived stress (nurses: p = 0.002 and other profession: p = 0.011) when compared to physicians. Conclusions Pediatric hematology/oncology healthcare professionals had similar levels of anxiety, depression, and positive affect as the general population. Contact with a COVID‐19‐positive individual was not significantly associated with outcomes. Non‐physician healthcare professionals had more anxiety, depression, and perceived stress when compared to physicians. These findings may help to develop programs to support healthcare professional resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Plenert
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer La Rosa
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer McLean
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K Y Chiang
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joerg Krueger
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Hearne
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius T. The role of fortitude, loneliness, and depression in the association between risk perception of contracting COVID-19 and life satisfaction: serial mediation analysis. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00812463211037811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has been found to have a negative impact on both physical wellbeing and mental health. Increased risk perception of contracting the virus has been associated with adverse psychological outcomes and reduced life satisfaction. However, susceptibility to psychological distress is influenced by personality-related characteristics. This study focuses on fortitude as a potential protective factor. The aim of this study is to investigate the parallel and serial mediating roles of fortitude, loneliness, and depression in the relationship between risk perception and life satisfaction. The participants were young adults ( N = 337) who have completed five self-report questionnaires: University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Fortitude Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale. Descriptive statistics were generated, and structural equation modelling was used to examine the parallel and serial mediating roles of loneliness, depression, and fortitude. Positive associations were found between risk perception and loneliness and depression, and fortitude was found to mediate the relationship between risk perception and life satisfaction, between loneliness and life satisfaction, and between depression and life satisfaction. The overall serial mediation was also found to be significant, thereby supporting the hypothesis that those who perceive themselves to be at a risk of contracting COVID-19 have higher loneliness scores, which in turn is associated with higher depression scores. These findings confirm that fortitude is a salient protective factor and suggest that improving the perception of the ability to manage the risk of infection can enhance psychological wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyrone Pretorius
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ashley C, James S, Stephen C, Mursa R, McInnes S, Williams A, Calma K, Halcomb E. Primary Health Care Nurses' Perceptions of Risk During COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 53:689-697. [PMID: 34350686 PMCID: PMC8447477 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 has presented health care professionals with unprecedented challenges. Significant risks have emerged as nurses have continued to work in delivering frontline health care during the pandemic. Feeling "at risk" has significant deleterious effects on nurses. The study sought to explore the perceptions of risk by Australian primary health care nurses (PHC) during COVID-19. METHODS Twenty-five Australian PHC nurses were purposively recruited from survey respondents who indicated a willingness to be interviewed. Phone interviews were undertaken between June and August 2020. Audio-recordings were transcribed and analyzed thematically. FINDINGS Participants shared concerns about risks in the workplace that emerged during COVID-19 and described the strategies used to mitigate these identified risks. Three themes were identified: (a) Professional concerns, (b) Personal/family concerns, and (c) Patient needs. CONCLUSIONS Understanding PHC nurses' perceptions of risk during COVID-19 provides an important insight into how they can be better supported to manage the risks that they face and feel safer in their workplace. Ensuring that PHC nurses are well-supported is important to optimize job satisfaction, reduce burnout and improve patient care. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is a need to ensure that nurses feel safe during crises such as pandemics to protect both individual nurses and the broader workforce. Protecting the health workforce is essential to optimizing service delivery and promoting health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ashley
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharon James
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Stephen
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth Mursa
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan McInnes
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Williams
- School of Nursing, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaara Calma
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Halcomb
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fiabane E, Gabanelli P, La Rovere MT, Tremoli E, Pistarini C, Gorini A. Psychological and work-related factors associated with emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italian hospitals. Nurs Health Sci 2021; 23:670-675. [PMID: 34333814 PMCID: PMC8447372 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has induced considerable psychological distress in healthcare workers, increasing the risk of burnout. This research aimed to investigate sociodemographic, work‐related, COVID‐19‐related, and psychological factors associated with emotional exhaustion (the core component of burnout) among healthcare professionals during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess risk (e.g. perceived risk and fear of contagion, stress) and protective factors (e.g. job satisfaction, resilience) for emotional exhaustion among 616 hospital staff. Women, nurses, shift workers, those with a permanent contract, and frontline workers reported significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion compared to others. Significant risk factors predicting emotional exhaustion were prolonged use of personal protective equipment, increased work pressure, lack of support, and prolonged working hours; psychologically protective factors were resilience and job satisfaction, while perceived stress was found to be a significant psychological risk factor. Organizational interventions should focus on these factors to prevent the onset of burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fiabane
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Gabanelli
- Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa La Rovere
- Department of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Montescano (Pavia), Italy
| | | | - Caterina Pistarini
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gorini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bennett RJ, Manchaiah V, Eikelboom RH, Badcock JC, Swanapoel DW. International survey of audiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic: effects on mental well-being of audiologists. Int J Audiol 2021; 61:273-282. [PMID: 34289793 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1944675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the mental well-being of audiologists in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, between 23 June and 13 August 2020. A self-report survey included screening measures for psychological distress (PHQ-4: anxiety and depression) and loneliness (UCLA-3). STUDY SAMPLE 239 audiologists from around the world. RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress was 12.1% (subscales for anxiety 16.3% and depression 10.4%), and loneliness 32.2%. Depression and loneliness were higher in those participants self-reporting perceived job insecurity, with psychological distress (anxiety and depression) higher in those from South Africa. Accessibility to Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) appears to be a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS Well-being interventions, such as EAPS, are needed to support audiologists during challenging times like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Bennett
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Vinay Manchaiah
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, United States.,Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Johanna C Badcock
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - De Wet Swanapoel
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Esteban RFC, Mamani-Benito OJ, Quinteros-Zúñiga D, Farfán-Solís R. [Concern about COVID-19 infection and workload as predictors of psychological distress during the health emergency in Peruvian healthcare personnel]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00111-6. [PMID: 34230700 PMCID: PMC8249714 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the health emergency, there is concern about the mental health repercussions that Peruvian health workers, who represent the front line of care for COVID-19, may be experiencing. OBJECTIVE To determine whether concern about COVID-19 and workloads predict psychological distress in healthcare workers. METHODS Predictive study in which 367 workers (nurses, doctors, nursing assistants, obstetricians, dentists, psychologists, nutritionists, among others) from 12 health networks in the Puno region participated, selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The data were collected via the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, the COVID-19 Scale of Concern and the Workload Scale. RESULTS It was found that there are no significant differences between men and women in psychological discomfort and concern about COVID-19 infection and workload. Furthermore, highly significant correlations were found between the study variables (p <0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed an adequate adjustment for the model (F = 94.834; p <0.001), where concern about COVID-19 (β = -0.436; p <0.01) and workload (β = 0.239; p <0.01) are variables that significantly predict psychological discomfort (adjusted R2 = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS Concern about COVID-19 and work overload predict psychological distress in health personnel in the Puno region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosa Farfán-Solís
- Universidad Peruana Unión, Juliaca, Perú
- Dirección Regional de Salud, Puno, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kunz M, Strasser M, Hasan A. Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on healthcare workers: systematic comparison between nurses and medical doctors. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:413-419. [PMID: 34001698 PMCID: PMC8183249 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The COVID-19 outbreak has had major impact on individual's psychological health and overall well being worldwide. Evidence shows that these psychological challenges are especially prominent in healthcare workers (HCW); especially in nurses. Indeed, several studies report that nurses suffer more psychologically because of the consequences of the pandemic compared with medical doctors. To further look into this, we systematically review the recent literature to see whether the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic differs between medical doctors and nurses across studies and which aspects of mental health are especially affected in nurses. RECENT FINDINGS Across studies, there is solid evidence that nurses show poorer mental health outcomes compared with medical doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is especially true for symptoms of depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, prevalence rates in nurses are often higher than 50%. In contrast, general stress levels and burnout seem to be comparable between nurses and medical doctors. SUMMARY Given that nurses suffer more from depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, special programs addressing their needs are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kunz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Sociology
| | - Martina Strasser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, German
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, German
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mahmud S, Hossain S, Muyeed A, Islam MM, Mohsin M. The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and, insomnia and its changes among health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07393. [PMID: 34278018 PMCID: PMC8261554 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, the health professionals who are at the frontline of this crisis have been facing extreme psychological disorders. This research aims to provide an overall scenario of the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, as well as insomnia and to inspect the changes in these prevalence over time by analyzing the existing evidence during this COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic search was performed on March 30, 2021, in PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar databases, and Web of Science. To assess the heterogeneity, Q-test,I 2 statistics, and Meta regression and to search for the publication bias, Eggers's test and funnel plot were used. The random-effect model and subgroup analysis were performed due to the significant heterogeneity. RESULTS Among eighty-three eligible studies in the final synthesis, 69 studies (n = 144649) assessed the depression prevalence of 37.12% (95% CI: 31.80-42.43), 75 studies (n = 147435) reported the anxiety prevalence of 41.42% (95% CI: 36.17-46.54), 41 studies (n = 82783) assessed the stress prevalence of 44.86% (95% CI: 36.98-52.74), 21 studies (n = 33370) enunciated the insomnia prevalence of 43.76% (95% CI: 35.83-51.68). The severity of the mental health problems among health professionals increased over the time during January 2020 to September 2020. LIMITATIONS A significant level of heterogeneity was found among psychological measurement tools and across studies. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, it is an emergency to develop psychological interventions that can protect the mental health of vulnerable groups like health professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Mahmud
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sorif Hossain
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Muyeed
- Department of Statistics, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh-2224, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mynul Islam
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mohsin
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Irshad M, Majeed M, Khattak SA. The Combined Effect of Safety Specific Transformational Leadership and Safety Consciousness on Psychological Well-Being of Healthcare Workers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:688463. [PMID: 34234723 PMCID: PMC8255666 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.688463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational health researchers have begun to realize that the psychological well-being of healthcare workers who are providing treatment against COVID-19 is deteriorating. However, there is minimal research conducted on it, particularly in the context of leadership. The current study aims to fill this important gap by identifying critical factors that can enhance the psychological well-being of healthcare workers. We proposed that safety specific transformational leadership enhances psychological well-being among healthcare workers, and COVID-19 perceived risk mediates this relationship. Furthermore, the safety conscientiousness of healthcare workers was proposed to be a boundary condition that enhances the negative relationship between safety-specific transformational leadership and COVID-19 perceived risk. Data were collected from healthcare workers (N = 232) treating COVID-19 patients in the hospitals of Pakistan through well-established adopted questionnaires. The discriminant and convergent validity of the data was tested through confirmatory factor analysis by using AMOS statistical package. The mediation and moderation hypotheses were tested by using PROCESS Macro by Hayes. The results showed that safety specific transformational leadership enhances psychological well-being among healthcare workers, and COVID-19 perceived risk mediates this relationship. Moderation results also confirmed that safety conscientiousness moderates the relationship between safety specific transformational leadership and COVID-19 perceived risk. This study offers implications for both researchers and practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irshad
- Faculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Majeed
- Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aroos Khattak
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|