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Johnston CU, Kennedy CJ. Potency and mechanism of p-glycoprotein chemosensitizers in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01376-9. [PMID: 39026113 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The membrane efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp, [ABCB1, MDR1]) exports a wide range of xenobiotic compounds, resulting in a continuous first line of defense against toxicant accumulation at basal expression levels, and contributing to the multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) phenotype at elevated expression levels. Relatively little information exists on P-gp inhibition in fish by chemosensitizers, compounds which lower toxicity thresholds for harmful P-gp substrates in complex mixtures. The effects of four known mammalian chemosensitizers (cyclosporin A [CsA], quinidine, valspodar [PSC833], and verapamil) on the P-gp-mediated transport of rhodamine 123 (R123) and cortisol in primary cultures of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes were examined. Competitive accumulation assays using 25 µM R123 or cortisol and varying concentrations of chemosensitizers (0-500 µM) were used. CsA, quinidine, and verapamil inhibited R123 export (IC50 values ± SE: 132 ± 60, 83.3 ± 27.2, and 43.2 ± 13.6 µM, respectively). CsA and valspodar inhibited cortisol export (IC50 values: 294 ± 106 and 92.2 ± 34.9 µM, respectively). In an ATP depletion assay, hepatocytes incubated with all four chemosensitizers resulted in lower free ATP concentrations, suggesting that they act via competitive inhibition. Chemosensitizers that inhibit MXR transporters are an important class of environmental pollutant, and these results show that rainbow trout transporters are inhibited by similar chemosensitizers (and mostly at similar concentrations) as seen in mammals and other fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina U Johnston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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2
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Mishra I, Gupta K, Mishra R, Chaudhary K, Sharma V. An Exploration of Organoid Technology: Present Advancements, Applications, and Obstacles. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1000-1020. [PMID: 37807405 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010273024230925075231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organoids are in vitro models that exhibit a three-dimensional structure and effectively replicate the structural and physiological features of human organs. The capacity to research complex biological processes and disorders in a controlled setting is laid out by these miniature organ-like structures. OBJECTIVES This work examines the potential applications of organoid technology, as well as the challenges and future directions associated with its implementation. It aims to emphasize the pivotal role of organoids in disease modeling, drug discovery, developmental biology, precision medicine, and fundamental research. METHODS The manuscript was put together by conducting a comprehensive literature review, which involved an in-depth evaluation of globally renowned scientific research databases. RESULTS The field of organoids has generated significant attention due to its potential applications in tissue development and disease modelling, as well as its implications for personalised medicine, drug screening, and cell-based therapies. The utilisation of organoids has proven to be effective in the examination of various conditions, encompassing genetic disorders, cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and infectious diseases. CONCLUSION The exploration of the wider uses of organoids is still in its early phases. Research shall be conducted to integrate 3D organoid systems as alternatives for current models, potentially improving both fundamental and clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Komal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Raghav Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kajal Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
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3
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Liu Q, Li G, Baladandayuthapani V. Pan-Cancer Drug Response Prediction Using Integrative Principal Component Regression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560366. [PMID: 37873111 PMCID: PMC10592913 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of precision oncology heavily relies on large-scale genomic and pharmacological data garnered from preclinical cancer model systems such as cell lines. While cell lines are instrumental in understanding the interplay between genomic programs and drug response, it well-established that they are not fully representative of patient tumors. Development of integrative methods that can systematically assess the commonalities between patient tumors and cell-lines can help bridge this gap. To this end, we introduce the Integrative Principal Component Regression (iPCR) model which uncovers both joint and model-specific structured variations in the genomic data of cell lines and patient tumors through matrix decompositions. The extracted joint variation is then used to predict patient drug responses based on the pharmacological data from preclinical models. Moreover, the interpretability of our model allows for the identification of key driver genes and pathways associated with the treatment-specific response in patients across multiple cancers. We demonstrate that the outputs of the iPCR model can assist in inferring both model-specific and shared co-expression networks between cell lines and patients. We show that iPCR performs favorably compared to competing approaches in predicting patient drug responses, in both simulation studies and real-world applications, in addition to identifying key genomic drivers of cancer drug responses.
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4
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Establishment of four head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines: importance of reference DNA for accurate genomic characterisation. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:301-307. [PMID: 35317874 PMCID: PMC9975763 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215122000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is significant interest in developing early passage cell lines with matched normal reference DNA to facilitate a precision medicine approach in assessing drug response. This study aimed to establish early passage cell lines, and perform whole exome sequencing and short tandem repeat profiling on matched normal reference DNA, primary tumour and corresponding cell lines. METHODS A cell culture based, in vitro study was conducted of patients with primary human papillomavirus positive and human papillomavirus negative tumours. RESULTS Four early passage cell lines were established. Two cell lines were human papillomavirus positive, confirmed by sequencing and p16 immunoblotting. Short tandem repeat profiling confirmed that all cell lines were established from their index tumours. Whole exome sequencing revealed that the matched normal reference DNA was critical for accurate mutational analysis: a high rate of false positive mutation calls were excluded (87.6 per cent). CONCLUSION Early passage cell lines were successfully established. Patient-matched reference DNA is important for accurate cell line mutational calls.
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Szeitz B, Megyesfalvi Z, Woldmar N, Valkó Z, Schwendenwein A, Bárány N, Paku S, László V, Kiss H, Bugyik E, Lang C, Szász AM, Pizzatti L, Bogos K, Hoda MA, Hoetzenecker K, Marko-Varga G, Horvatovich P, Döme B, Schelch K, Rezeli M. In-depth proteomic analysis reveals unique subtype-specific signatures in human small-cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1060. [PMID: 36149789 PMCID: PMC9506422 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) molecular subtypes have been primarily characterized based on the expression pattern of the following key transcription regulators: ASCL1 (SCLC‐A), NEUROD1 (SCLC‐N), POU2F3 (SCLC‐P) and YAP1 (SCLC‐Y). Here, we investigated the proteomic landscape of these molecular subsets with the aim to identify novel subtype‐specific proteins of diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. Methods Pellets and cell media of 26 human SCLC cell lines were subjected to label‐free shotgun proteomics for large‐scale protein identification and quantitation, followed by in‐depth bioinformatic analyses. Proteomic data were correlated with the cell lines’ phenotypic characteristics and with public transcriptomic data of SCLC cell lines and tissues. Results Our quantitative proteomic data highlighted that four molecular subtypes are clearly distinguishable at the protein level. The cell lines exhibited diverse neuroendocrine and epithelial–mesenchymal characteristics that varied by subtype. A total of 367 proteins were identified in the cell pellet and 34 in the culture media that showed significant up‐ or downregulation in one subtype, including known druggable proteins and potential blood‐based markers. Pathway enrichment analysis and parallel investigation of transcriptomics from SCLC cell lines outlined unique signatures for each subtype, such as upregulated oxidative phosphorylation in SCLC‐A, DNA replication in SCLC‐N, neurotrophin signalling in SCLC‐P and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in SCLC‐Y. Importantly, we identified the YAP1‐driven subtype as the most distinct SCLC subgroup. Using sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis, we identified proteins that clearly distinguish four SCLC subtypes based on their expression pattern, including potential diagnostic markers for SCLC‐Y (e.g. GPX8, PKD2 and UFO). Conclusions We report for the first time, the protein expression differences among SCLC subtypes. By shedding light on potential subtype‐specific therapeutic vulnerabilities and diagnostic biomarkers, our results may contribute to a better understanding of SCLC biology and the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Szeitz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nicole Woldmar
- Division of Clinical Protein Science, & Imaging, Department of Clinical Sciences (Lund) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Proteomics of Blood/LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Zsuzsanna Valkó
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Schwendenwein
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nándor Bárány
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Paku
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória László
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Kiss
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Bugyik
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Lang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Marcell Szász
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luciana Pizzatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Proteomics of Blood/LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Krisztina Bogos
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Division of Clinical Protein Science, & Imaging, Department of Clinical Sciences (Lund) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Balázs Döme
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Schelch
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Division of Clinical Protein Science, & Imaging, Department of Clinical Sciences (Lund) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zhao Y, Zhang B, Ma Y, Zhao F, Chen J, Wang B, Jin H, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhao Q, Wang H, Liu Q, Zhao F, Wang X. Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived 2D and 3D Models Efficiently Recapitulate Inter- and Intratumoral Heterogeneity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201539. [PMID: 35652270 PMCID: PMC9353492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pre-existing drug resistance and tumorigenicity of cancer cells are highly correlated with therapeutic failure and tumor growth. However, current cancer models are limited in their application to the study of intratumor functional heterogeneity in personalized oncology. Here, an innovative two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) model for patient-derived cancer cells (PDCCs) and air-liquid interface (ALI) organotypic culture is established from colorectal cancer (CRC). The PDCCs recapitulate the genomic landscape of their parental tumors with high efficiency, high proliferation rate, and long-term stability, while corresponding ALI organotypic cultures retain histological architecture of their original tumors. Interestingly, both 2D and 3D models maintain the transcriptomic profile of the corresponding primary tumors and display the same trend in response to 5-Fluoruracil, regardless of their difference in gene expression profiles. Furthermore, single-cell-derived clones() are efficiently established and pre-existing drug-resistant clones and highly tumorigenic clones within individual CRC tumors are identified. It is found that tumorigenic cancer cells do not necessarily possess the stem cells characteristics in gene expression. This study provides valuable platform and resource for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the pre-existing drug resistance and tumorigenicity in cancer cells, as well as for developing therapeutic targets specifically for pre-existing drug-resistant or highly tumorigenic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Department of PathologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Hua Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Fulai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jiawei Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and GeneticsChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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7
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Trastulla L, Noorbakhsh J, Vazquez F, McFarland J, Iorio F. Computational estimation of quality and clinical relevance of cancer cell lines. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e11017. [PMID: 35822563 PMCID: PMC9277610 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immortal cancer cell lines (CCLs) are the most widely used system for investigating cancer biology and for the preclinical development of oncology therapies. Pharmacogenomic and genome-wide editing screenings have facilitated the discovery of clinically relevant gene-drug interactions and novel therapeutic targets via large panels of extensively characterised CCLs. However, tailoring pharmacological strategies in a precision medicine context requires bridging the existing gaps between tumours and in vitro models. Indeed, intrinsic limitations of CCLs such as misidentification, the absence of tumour microenvironment and genetic drift have highlighted the need to identify the most faithful CCLs for each primary tumour while addressing their heterogeneity, with the development of new models where necessary. Here, we discuss the most significant limitations of CCLs in representing patient features, and we review computational methods aiming at systematically evaluating the suitability of CCLs as tumour proxies and identifying the best patient representative in vitro models. Additionally, we provide an overview of the applications of these methods to more complex models and discuss future machine-learning-based directions that could resolve some of the arising discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Noorbakhsh
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Present address:
Kojin TherapeuticsBostonMAUSA
| | - Francisca Vazquez
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
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8
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Nm23-H1 activator phenylbutenoid dimer exerts cytotoxic effects on metastatic breast cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction only under glucose starvation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23549. [PMID: 34876614 PMCID: PMC8651694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has become an attractive target in anti-cancer studies in recent years. In this study, we found that a small molecule phenylbutenoid dimer NMac1 (Nm23-H1 activator 1), (±)-trans-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(E)-3,4-dimethoxystyryl]cyclohex-1-ene, a previously identified anti-metastatic agent, has novel anti-proliferative effect only under glucose starvation in metastatic breast cancer cells. NMac1 causes significant activation of AMPK by decreasing ATP synthesis, lowers mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm), and inhibits oxygen consumption rate (OCR) under glucose starvation. These effects of NMac1 are provoked by a consequence of OXPHOS complex I inhibition. Through the structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of NMac1 derivatives, NMac24 was identified as the most effective compound in anti-proliferation. NMac1 and NMac24 effectively suppress cancer cell proliferation in 3D-spheroid in vivo-like models only under glucose starvation. These results suggest that NMac1 and NMac24 have the potential as anti-cancer agents having cytotoxic effects selectively in glucose restricted cells.
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9
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Al Shboul S, Curran OE, Alfaro JA, Lickiss F, Nita E, Kowalski J, Naji F, Nenutil R, Ball KL, Krejcir R, Vojtesek B, Hupp TR, Brennan PM. Kinomics platform using GBM tissue identifies BTK as being associated with higher patient survival. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/12/e202101054. [PMID: 34645618 PMCID: PMC8548209 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BTK is a dominant bioactive kinase expressed within both cancer and immune cells of GBM tissue. Complex cell co-cultures might better model the impact of kinase inhibitors as therapeutics in GBM. Better understanding of GBM signalling networks in-vivo would help develop more physiologically relevant ex vivo models to support therapeutic discovery. A “functional proteomics” screen was undertaken to measure the specific activity of a set of protein kinases in a two-step cell-free biochemical assay to define dominant kinase activities to identify potentially novel drug targets that may have been overlooked in studies interrogating GBM-derived cell lines. A dominant kinase activity derived from the tumour tissue, but not patient-derived GBM stem-like cell lines, was Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). We demonstrate that BTK is expressed in more than one cell type within GBM tissue; SOX2-positive cells, CD163-positive cells, CD68-positive cells, and an unidentified cell population which is SOX2-negative CD163-negative and/or CD68-negative. The data provide a strategy to better mimic GBM tissue ex vivo by reconstituting more physiologically heterogeneous cell co-culture models including BTK-positive/negative cancer and immune cells. These data also have implications for the design and/or interpretation of emerging clinical trials using BTK inhibitors because BTK expression within GBM tissue was linked to longer patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofian Al Shboul
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK .,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Olimpia E Curran
- Department of Neuropathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,Cardiff University Hospital, Cellular Pathology, Cardiff, UK
| | - Javier A Alfaro
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Fiona Lickiss
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Erisa Nita
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacek Kowalski
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Faris Naji
- Pamgene International BV, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kathryn L Ball
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Radovan Krejcir
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ted R Hupp
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paul M Brennan
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK .,Translational Neurosurgery, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Nguyen LV, Caldas C. Functional genomics approaches to improve pre-clinical drug screening and biomarker discovery. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13189. [PMID: 34254730 PMCID: PMC8422077 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technology have enabled the genomic and transcriptomic characterization of human malignancies with unprecedented detail. However, this wealth of information has been slow to translate into clinically meaningful outcomes. Different models to study human cancers have been established and extensively characterized. Using these models, functional genomic screens and pre-clinical drug screening platforms have identified genetic dependencies that can be exploited with drug therapy. These genetic dependencies can also be used as biomarkers to predict response to treatment. For many cancers, the identification of such biomarkers remains elusive. In this review, we discuss the development and characterization of models used to study human cancers, RNA interference and CRISPR screens to identify genetic dependencies, large-scale pharmacogenomics studies and drug screening approaches to improve pre-clinical drug screening and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long V Nguyen
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteLi Ka Shing CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer CentreCambridgeUK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteLi Ka Shing CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer CentreCambridgeUK
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11
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Rombouts C, De Spiegeleer M, Van Meulebroek L, Vanhaecke L, De Vos WH. Comprehensive polar metabolomics and lipidomics profiling discriminates the transformed from the non-transformed state in colon tissue and cell lines. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17249. [PMID: 34446738 PMCID: PMC8390467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most lethal disease worldwide. Despite an urgent need for therapeutic advance, selective target identification in a preclinical phase is hampered by molecular and metabolic variations between cellular models. To foster optimal model selection from a translational perspective, we performed untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry-based polar metabolomics and lipidomics to non-transformed (CCD841-CON and FHC) and transformed (HCT116, HT29, Caco2, SW480 and SW948) colon cell lines as well as tissue samples from ten colorectal cancer patients. This unveiled metabolic signatures discriminating the transformed from the non-transformed state. Metabolites involved in glutaminolysis, tryptophan catabolism, pyrimidine, lipid and carnitine synthesis were elevated in transformed cells and cancerous tissue, whereas those involved in the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, urea cycle and redox reactions were lowered. The degree of glutaminolysis and lipid synthesis was specific to the colon cancer cell line at hand. Thus, our study exposed pathways that are specifically associated with the transformation state and revealed differences between colon cancer cell lines that should be considered when targeting cancer-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rombouts
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Systems and Imaging, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Margot De Spiegeleer
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium. .,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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12
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Kung FP, Lim YP, Chao WY, Zhang YS, Yu HI, Tai TS, Lu CH, Chen SH, Li YZ, Zhao PW, Yen YP, Lee YR. Piperlongumine, a Potent Anticancer Phytotherapeutic, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo through the ROS/Akt Pathway in Human Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174266. [PMID: 34503074 PMCID: PMC8428232 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is no effective treatment currently available for patients with anaplastic, recurrent papillary, or follicular thyroid cancers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to hold promise as a new therapeutic strategy for multiple human cancers. However, studies on ROS inducers for human thyroid cancer treatment are scarce. This study assesses the anticancer activity and the detailed downstream mechanisms of piperlongumine, a ROS inducer, in human thyroid cancer cells. We demonstrate that piperlongumine inhibits cell proliferation, regulates the cell cycle, and induces cellular apoptosis in various types of human thyroid cancer cells. The antihuman thyroid cancer activity of piperlongumine was through ROS induction, and it further suppressed the downstream Akt signaling pathway to elevate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. A mouse xenograft study demonstrated that piperlongumine was safe and could inhibit tumorigenesis in vivo. The present study provides strong evidence that piperlongumine can be used as a therapeutic candidate for human thyroid cancers. Abstract Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its global incidence has steadily increased over the past 15 years. TC is broadly divided into well-differentiated, poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated types, depending on the histological and clinical parameters. Thus far, there are no effective treatments for undifferentiated thyroid cancers or advanced and recurrent cancer. Therefore, the development of an effective therapeutic is urgently needed for such patients. Piperlongumine (PL) is a naturally occurring small molecule derived from long pepper; it is selectively toxic to cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we demonstrate the potential anticancer activity of PL in four TC cell lines. For this purpose, we cultured TC cell lines and analyzed the following parameters: Cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cellular ROS induction. PL modulated the cell cycle, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumorigenesis in TC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner through ROS induction. Meanwhile, an intrinsic caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway was observed in the TC cells under PL treatment. The activation of Erk and the suppression of the Akt/mTOR pathways through ROS induction were seen in cells treated with PL. PL-mediated apoptosis in TC cells was through the ROS-Akt pathway. Finally, the anticancer effect and safety of PL were also demonstrated in vivo. Our findings indicate that PL exhibits antitumor activity and has the potential for use as a chemotherapeutic agent against TC. This is the first study to show the sensitivity of TC cell lines to PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ping Kung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (F.-P.K.); (H.-I.Y.); (T.-S.T.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chao
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Z.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-Z.L.); (P.-W.Z.)
| | - Hui-I Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (F.-P.K.); (H.-I.Y.); (T.-S.T.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Tsai-Sung Tai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (F.-P.K.); (H.-I.Y.); (T.-S.T.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (F.-P.K.); (H.-I.Y.); (T.-S.T.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Shu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Z.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-Z.L.); (P.-W.Z.)
| | - Yi-Zhen Li
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Z.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-Z.L.); (P.-W.Z.)
| | - Pei-Wen Zhao
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Z.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-Z.L.); (P.-W.Z.)
| | - Yu-Pei Yen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (F.-P.K.); (H.-I.Y.); (T.-S.T.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Peres da Silva R, Suphavilai C, Nagarajan N. TUGDA: task uncertainty guided domain adaptation for robust generalization of cancer drug response prediction from in vitro to in vivo settings. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:i76-i83. [PMID: 34000002 PMCID: PMC8275325 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Large-scale cancer omics studies have highlighted the diversity of patient molecular profiles and the importance of leveraging this information to deliver the right drug to the right patient at the right time. Key challenges in learning predictive models for this include the high-dimensionality of omics data and heterogeneity in biological and clinical factors affecting patient response. The use of multi-task learning techniques has been widely explored to address dataset limitations for in vitro drug response models, while domain adaptation (DA) has been employed to extend them to predict in vivo response. In both of these transfer learning settings, noisy data for some tasks (or domains) can substantially reduce the performance for others compared to single-task (domain) learners, i.e. lead to negative transfer (NT). RESULTS We describe a novel multi-task unsupervised DA method (TUGDA) that addresses these limitations in a unified framework by quantifying uncertainty in predictors and weighting their influence on shared feature representations. TUGDA's ability to rely more on predictors with low-uncertainty allowed it to notably reduce cases of NT for in vitro models (94% overall) compared to state-of-the-art methods. For DA to in vivo settings, TUGDA improved over previous methods for patient-derived xenografts (9 out of 14 drugs) as well as patient datasets (significant associations in 9 out of 22 drugs). TUGDA's ability to avoid NT thus provides a key capability as we try to integrate diverse drug-response datasets to build consistent predictive models with in vivo utility. AVAILABILITYAND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/CSB5/TUGDA. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Peres da Silva
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 117417 Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 138672 Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Niranjan Nagarajan
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 117417 Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 138672 Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore
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Mohtar N, Parumasivam T, Gazzali AM, Tan CS, Tan ML, Othman R, Fazalul Rahiman SS, Wahab HA. Advanced Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems and Their Cellular Evaluation for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3539. [PMID: 34298753 PMCID: PMC8303683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers, the number one cancer killer, can be broadly divided into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with NSCLC being the most commonly diagnosed type. Anticancer agents for NSCLC suffer from various limitations that can be partly overcome by the application of nanomedicines. Nanoparticles is a branch within nanomedicine that can improve the delivery of anticancer drugs, whilst ensuring the stability and sufficient bioavailability following administration. There are many publications available in the literature exploring different types of nanoparticles from different materials. The effectiveness of a treatment option needs to be validated in suitable in vitro and/or in vivo models. This includes the developed nanoparticles, to prove their safety and efficacy. Many researchers have turned towards in vitro models that use normal cells or specific cells from diseased tissues. However, in cellular works, the physiological dynamics that is available in the body could not be mimicked entirely, and hence, there is still possible development of false positive or false negative results from the in vitro models. This article provides an overview of NSCLC, the different nanoparticles available to date, and in vitro evaluation of the nanoparticles. Different types of cells suitable for in vitro study and the important precautions to limit the development of false results are also extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noratiqah Mohtar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Thaigarajan Parumasivam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Chu Shan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Mei Lan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Rozana Othman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Center for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Siti Sarah Fazalul Rahiman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
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Sinha R, Luna A, Schultz N, Sander C. A pan-cancer survey of cell line tumor similarity by feature-weighted molecular profiles. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100039. [PMID: 35475239 PMCID: PMC9017219 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived cell lines are often used in pre-clinical cancer research, but some cell lines are too different from tumors to be good models. Comparison of genomic and expression profiles can guide the choice of pre-clinical models, but typically not all features are equally relevant. We present TumorComparer, a computational method for comparing cellular profiles with higher weights on functional features of interest. In this pan-cancer application, we compare ∼600 cell lines and ∼8,000 tumor samples of 24 cancer types, using weights to emphasize known oncogenic alterations. We characterize the similarity of cell lines and tumors within and across cancers by using multiple datum types and rank cell lines by their inferred quality as representative models. Beyond the assessment of cell lines, the weighted similarity approach is adaptable to patient stratification in clinical trials and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rileen Sinha
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Augustin Luna
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chris Sander
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02142, USA
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16
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Pfohl U, Pflaume A, Regenbrecht M, Finkler S, Graf Adelmann Q, Reinhard C, Regenbrecht CRA, Wedeken L. Precision Oncology Beyond Genomics: The Future Is Here-It Is Just Not Evenly Distributed. Cells 2021; 10:928. [PMID: 33920536 PMCID: PMC8072767 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease with increasing incidence. There are more than 100 different cancer types, defined by location, cell of origin, and genomic alterations that influence oncogenesis and therapeutic response. This heterogeneity between tumors of different patients and also the heterogeneity within the same patient's tumor pose an enormous challenge to cancer treatment. In this review, we explore tumor heterogeneity on the longitudinal and the latitudinal axis, reviewing current and future approaches to study this heterogeneity and their potential to support oncologists in tailoring a patient's treatment regimen. We highlight how the ideal of precision oncology is reaching far beyond the knowledge of genetic variants to inform clinical practice and discuss the technologies and strategies already available to improve our understanding and management of heterogeneity in cancer treatment. We will focus on integrating multi-omics technologies with suitable in vitro models and their proficiency in mimicking endogenous tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Pfohl
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 1, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alina Pflaume
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Manuela Regenbrecht
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sabine Finkler
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Quirin Graf Adelmann
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christoph Reinhard
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian R. A. Regenbrecht
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Wedeken
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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Standardization of esophageal adenocarcinoma in vitro model and its applicability for model drug testing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6664. [PMID: 33758229 PMCID: PMC7988140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85530-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
FLO-1 cell line represents an important tool in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) research as a verified and authentic cell line to study the disease pathophysiology and antitumor drug screenings. Since in vitro characteristics of cells depend on the microenvironment and culturing conditions, we performed a thorough characterization of the FLO-1 cell line under different culturing conditions with the aim of (1) examining the effect of serum-free growth medium and air–liquid interface (A–L) culturing, which better reflect physiological conditions in vivo and (2) investigating the differentiation potential of FLO-1 cells to mimic the properties of the in vivo esophageal epithelium. Our study shows that the composition of the media influenced the morphological, ultrastructural and molecular characteristics of FLO-1 cells, such as the expression of junctional proteins. Importantly, FLO-1 cells formed spheres at the A–L interface, recapitulating key elements of tumors in the esophageal tube, i.e., direct contact with the gas phase and three-dimensional architecture. On the other hand, FLO-1 models exhibited high permeability to model drugs and zero permeability markers, and low transepithelial resistance, and therefore poorly mimicked normal esophageal epithelium. In conclusion, the identified effect of culture conditions on the characteristics of FLO-1 cells should be considered for standardization, data reproducibility and validity of the in vitro EAC model. Moreover, the sphere-forming ability of FLO-1 cells at the A–L interface should be considered in EAC tumor biology and anticancer drug studies as a reliable and straightforward model with the potential to increase the predictive efficiency of the current in vitro approaches.
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Nik Nabil WN, Xi Z, Song Z, Jin L, Zhang XD, Zhou H, De Souza P, Dong Q, Xu H. Towards a Framework for Better Understanding of Quiescent Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030562. [PMID: 33807533 PMCID: PMC7999675 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescent cancer cells (QCCs) are cancer cells that are reversibly suspended in G0 phase with the ability to re-enter the cell cycle and initiate tumor growth, and, ultimately, cancer recurrence and metastasis. QCCs are also therapeutically challenging due to their resistance to most conventional cancer treatments that selectively act on proliferating cells. Considering the significant impact of QCCs on cancer progression and treatment, better understanding of appropriate experimental models, and the evaluation of QCCs are key questions in the field that have direct influence on potential pharmacological interventions. Here, this review focuses on existing and emerging preclinical models and detection methods for QCCs and discusses their respective features and scope for application. By providing a framework for selecting appropriate experimental models and investigative methods, the identification of the key players that regulate the survival and activation of QCCs and the development of more effective QCC-targeting therapeutic agents may mitigate the consequences of QCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Najbah Nik Nabil
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.N.N.N.); (Z.X.); (Z.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health, Petaling Jaya 46200, Malaysia
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.N.N.N.); (Z.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zejia Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.N.N.N.); (Z.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Hua Zhou
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Paul De Souza
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Qihan Dong
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Cancer Evaluation Program, Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (H.X.)
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Lainetti PF, Leis-Filho AF, Kobayashi PE, de Camargo LS, Laufer-Amorim R, Fonseca-Alves CE, Souza FF. Proteomics Approach of Rapamycin Anti-Tumoral Effect on Primary and Metastatic Canine Mammary Tumor Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051213. [PMID: 33668689 PMCID: PMC7956669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is an antifungal drug with antitumor activity and acts inhibiting the mTOR complex. Due to drug antitumor potential, the aim of this study was to evaluate its effect on a preclinical model of primary mammary gland tumors and their metastases from female dogs. Four cell lines from our cell bank, two from primary canine mammary tumors (UNESP-CM1, UNESP-CM60) and two metastases (UNESP-MM1, and UNESP-MM4) were cultured in vitro and investigated for rapamycin IC50. Then, cell lines were treated with rapamycin IC50 dose and mRNA and protein were extracted in treated and non-treated cells to perform AKT, mTOR, PTEN and 4EBP1 gene expression and global proteomics by mass spectrometry. MTT assay demonstrated rapamycin IC50 dose for all different tumor cells between 2 and 10 μM. RT-qPCR from cultured cells, control versus treated group and primary tumor cells versus metastatic tumor cells, did not shown statistical differences. In proteomics were found 273 proteins in all groups, and after data normalization 49 and 92 proteins were used for statistical analysis for comparisons between control versus rapamycin treatment groups, and metastasis versus primary tumor versus metastasis rapamycin versus primary tumor rapamycin, respectively. Considering the two statistical analysis, four proteins, phosphoglycerate mutase, malate dehydrogenase, l-lactate dehydrogenase and nucleolin were found in decreased abundance in the rapamycin group and they are related with cellular metabolic processes and enhanced tumor malignant behavior. Two proteins, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase, also related with metabolic processes, were found in higher abundance in rapamycin group and are associated with apoptosis. The results suggested that rapamycin was able to inhibit cell growth of mammary gland tumor and metastatic tumors cells in vitro, however, concentrations needed to reach the IC50 were higher when compared to other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia F. Lainetti
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (P.F.L.); (L.S.d.C.); (C.E.F.-A.)
| | - Antonio F. Leis-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (A.F.L.-F.); (P.E.K.); (R.L.-A.)
| | - Priscila E. Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (A.F.L.-F.); (P.E.K.); (R.L.-A.)
| | - Laíza S. de Camargo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (P.F.L.); (L.S.d.C.); (C.E.F.-A.)
| | - Renee Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (A.F.L.-F.); (P.E.K.); (R.L.-A.)
| | - Carlos E. Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (P.F.L.); (L.S.d.C.); (C.E.F.-A.)
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Paulista—UNIP, Bauru 17048-290, Brazil
| | - Fabiana F. Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (P.F.L.); (L.S.d.C.); (C.E.F.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-38802237
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20
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Fang L, Liu YJ, Zhang YW, Pan ZF, Zhong LK, Jiang LH, Wang JF, Zheng XW, Chen LY, Huang P, Ge MH, Tan Z. Comparison of Proteomics Profiles Between Xenografts Derived from Cell Lines and Primary Tumors of Thyroid Carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:1978-1989. [PMID: 33753996 PMCID: PMC7974514 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-consistent xenograft model is a challenge for all cancers but particularly for thyroid cancer, which shows some of the greatest genetic divergence between human tumors and cell lines. In this study, proteomic profiles of tumor tissues from patients, included anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and xenografts (8305C, 8505C, FRO, BAPAP and IHH4) were obtained using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry and compared based on all proteins detected (3,961), cancer-related proteins and druggable proteins using pairwise Pearson's correlation analysis. The human tissue showed low proteomic similarity to the ATC cell lines (8305C, r = 0.344-0.416; 8505C, 0.47-0.579; FRO, 0.267-0.307) and to PTC cell lines (BCPAP, 0.303-0.468; IHH4, 0.262-0.509). Human tissue showed the following similarity to cell lines at the level of 135 cancer-related pathways. The ATC cell lines contained 47.4% of the cancer-related pathways (19.26%-33.33%), while the PTC cell lines contained 40% (BCPAP, 25.93%; IHH4, 28.89%). In patient tumor tissues, 44-60 of 76 and 52-53 of 93 druggable proteins were identified in ATC and PTC tumors, respectively. Ten and 29 druggable proteins were not identified in any of the ATC and PTC xenografts, respectively. We provide a reference for CDX selecting in in vivo studies of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1# Bashan East Road, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zong-Fu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Ke Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1# Bashan East Road, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lie-Hao Jiang
- Department of Head and neck & thyroid surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Department of Head and neck & thyroid surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Ya Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1# Bashan East Road, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ge
- Department of Head and neck & thyroid surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- Department of Head and neck & thyroid surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310010, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Warren A, Chen Y, Jones A, Shibue T, Hahn WC, Boehm JS, Vazquez F, Tsherniak A, McFarland JM. Global computational alignment of tumor and cell line transcriptional profiles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:22. [PMID: 33397959 PMCID: PMC7782593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are key tools for preclinical cancer research, but it remains unclear how well they represent patient tumor samples. Direct comparisons of tumor and cell line transcriptional profiles are complicated by several factors, including the variable presence of normal cells in tumor samples. We thus develop an unsupervised alignment method (Celligner) and apply it to integrate several large-scale cell line and tumor RNA-Seq datasets. Although our method aligns the majority of cell lines with tumor samples of the same cancer type, it also reveals large differences in tumor similarity across cell lines. Using this approach, we identify several hundred cell lines from diverse lineages that present a more mesenchymal and undifferentiated transcriptional state and that exhibit distinct chemical and genetic dependencies. Celligner could be used to guide the selection of cell lines that more closely resemble patient tumors and improve the clinical translation of insights gained from cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yejia Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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22
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Mohd Ali N, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Boo L, Ky H, Satharasinghe DA, Tan SW, Cheong SK, Huang HD, Lan KC, Chiew MY, Ong HK. Adipose MSCs Suppress MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Metastasis and EMT Pathways Leading to Dormancy via Exosomal-miRNAs Following Co-Culture Interaction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010008. [PMID: 33374139 PMCID: PMC7824212 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, and it remains a substantial clinical challenge due to cancer relapse. The presence of a subpopulation of dormant breast cancer cells that survived chemotherapy and metastasized to distant organs may contribute to relapse. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a significant role as a niche in inducing cancer cells into dormancy as well as involves in the reversible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) into aggressive phenotype responsible for cancer-related mortality in patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to migrate to TME and interact with cancer cells via secretion of exosome- containing biomolecules, microRNA. Understanding of interaction between MSCs and cancer cells via exosomal miRNAs is important in determining the therapeutic role of MSC in treating breast cancer cells and relapse. In this study, exosomes were harvested from a medium of indirect co-culture of MCF7-luminal and MDA-MB-231-basal breast cancer cells (BCCs) subtypes with adipose MSCs. The interaction resulted in different exosomal miRNAs profiles that modulate essential signaling pathways and cell cycle arrest into dormancy via inhibition of metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overall, breast cancer cells displayed a change towards a more dormant-epithelial phenotype associated with lower rates of metastasis and higher chemoresistance. The study highlights the crucial roles of adipose MSCs in inducing dormancy and identifying miRNAs-dormancy related markers that could be used to identify the metastatic pattern, predict relapses in cancer patients and to be potential candidate targets for new targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Marine Biotechnology, China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, Selangor 43900, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Semenyih 43500, Malaysia;
| | - Lily Boo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Huynh Ky
- Department of Agriculture Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Cantho University, Can Tho 900100, Vietnam;
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
- Cryocord Sdn Bhd, Persiaran Cyberpoint Selatan, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | - Hsien Da Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Kuan Chun Lan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Men Yee Chiew
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Han Kiat Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Dorababu A. Report on Recently (2017–20) Designed Quinoline‐Based Human Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Chemistry SRMPP Govt. First Grade College Huvinahadagali 583219 India
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24
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Establishment of a bladder cancer cell line expressing both mesenchymal and epithelial lineage-associated markers. Hum Cell 2020; 34:675-687. [PMID: 33165868 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several experimental models including patient biopsies, animal models, and cell lines have been recommended to study the mechanism of bladder cancer development. After several passages in culture, cell lines lose some original features, and no longer resemble the cells of their original tumor. This makes it necessary to establish various cell lines. In an attempt to establish a new cell line for bladder cancer, JAM-ICR (RRID: CVCL_A9QB) was derived from a 64-year-old man diagnosed with a high-grade tumor. This cell line was characterized in multiple experiments involving morphological studies, immunophenotyping (by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry), karyotyping, short tandem repeat analysis, colony-forming assays, migration and invasion assays, and chemosensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. JAM-ICR cells are pale with an irregular polygonal shape, and show some similarities to mesenchymal stem cells but with a wider shape and shorter arms. Phenotypic assessment demonstrated the simultaneous expression of mesenchymal-(vimentin, desmin, CD29, CD90, and CD106) and epithelial lineage (pan-cytokeratin) markers, which supports a phenotype similar to epithelial-mesenchymal transition for this cell line. JAM-ICR displayed high metastatic potential and stem-like properties, i.e., self-renewal, colony forming, and the coexpression of TRA-1 with CD44 and CD166. Furthermore, this cell line was significantly more resistant to doxorubicin in comparison to the 5637 cell line. These features make JAM-ICR a new bladder cancer cell line with metastatic potential and stem-like properties, which may be potentially useful as a model to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of bladder cancer pathogenesis or evaluate new drugs.
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25
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Weber LA, Funtan A, Paschke R, Delarocque J, Kalbitz J, Meißner J, Feige K, Kietzmann M, Cavalleri JMV. In vitro assessment of triterpenoids NVX-207 and betulinyl-bis-sulfamate as a topical treatment for equine skin cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241448. [PMID: 33151949 PMCID: PMC7643960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine sarcoid (ES) is the most prevalent skin tumor in equids worldwide. Additionally, aging grey horses frequently suffer from equine malignant melanoma (EMM). Current local therapies targeting these skin tumors remain challenging. Therefore, more feasible topical treatment options should be considered. In order to develop a topical therapy against ES and EMM, betulinyl-bis-sulfamate and NVX-207, derivatives of the naturally occurring betulin and betulinic acid, respectively, were evaluated for their antiproliferative (crystal violet staining assay), cytotoxic (MTS assay) and apoptotic (AnnexinV staining, cell cycle investigations) effects on primary ES cells, EMM cells and equine dermal fibroblasts in vitro. The more potent derivative was assessed for its in vitro penetration and permeation on isolated equine skin within 30 min and 24 h using Franz-type diffusion cells and HPLC analysis. Betulinyl-bis-sulfamate and NVX-207 inhibited the proliferation and metabolism in ES cells, EMM cells and fibroblasts significantly (p < 0.001) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. NVX-207 had superior anticancer effects compared to betulinyl-bis-sulfamate. Both compounds led to the externalization of phosphatidylserines on the cell membrane and DNA fragmentation, demonstrating that the effective mode of action was apoptosis. After 48 h of treatment with NVX-207, the number of necrotic cells was less than 2% in all cell types. Detected amounts of NVX-207 in the different skin layers exceeded the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations calculated by far. Even though data obtained in vitro are auspicious, the results are not unconditionally applicable to the clinical situation. Consequently, in vivo studies are required to address the antitumoral effects of topically applied NVX-207 in ES and EMM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Annabel Weber
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Funtan
- Biozentrum, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Reinhard Paschke
- Biozentrum, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julien Delarocque
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Meißner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karsten Feige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Kietzmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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26
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Peille AL, Vuaroqueaux V, Wong SS, Ting J, Klingner K, Zeitouni B, Landesfeind M, Kim WH, Lee HJ, Kong SH, Wulur I, Bray S, Bronsert P, Zanella N, Donoho G, Yang HK, Fiebig HH, Reinhard C, Aggarwal A. Evaluation of molecular subtypes and clonal selection during establishment of patient-derived tumor xenografts from gastric adenocarcinoma. Commun Biol 2020; 3:367. [PMID: 32647357 PMCID: PMC7347869 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) have emerged as an important translational research tool for understanding tumor biology and enabling drug efficacy testing. They are established by transfer of patient tumor into immune compromised mice with the intent of using them as Avatars; operating under the assumption that they closely resemble patient tumors. In this study, we established 27 PDX from 100 resected gastric cancers and studied their fidelity in histological and molecular subtypes. We show that the established PDX preserved histology and molecular subtypes of parental tumors. However, in depth investigation of the entire cohort revealed that not all histological and molecular subtypes are established. Also, for the established PDX models, genetic changes are selected at early passages and rare subclones can emerge in PDX. This study highlights the importance of considering the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of PDX for a proper use of such models, particularly for Avatar trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Peille
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- 4HF Biotec GmbH, Am Flughafen 14, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
| | - Vincent Vuaroqueaux
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- 4HF Biotec GmbH, Am Flughafen 14, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
| | - Swee-Seong Wong
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
- LifeOmic, 351 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason Ting
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Kerstin Klingner
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Zeitouni
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Landesfeind
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Evotec International GmbH, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 37079, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Isabella Wulur
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Steven Bray
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
- LifeOmic, 351 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Zanella
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Greg Donoho
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heinz-Herbert Fiebig
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
- 4HF Biotec GmbH, Am Flughafen 14, Freiburg, 79108, Germany.
| | - Christoph Reinhard
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
| | - Amit Aggarwal
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
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27
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Dinger TF, Chen O, Dittfeld C, Hetze L, Hüther M, Wondrak M, Löck S, Eicheler W, Breier G, Kunz-Schughart LA. Microenvironmentally-driven Plasticity of CD44 isoform expression determines Engraftment and Stem-like Phenotype in CRC cell lines. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7599-7621. [PMID: 32685007 PMCID: PMC7359088 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostic biomarkers for putative cancer stem-like cells (CSC) in colorectal cancer (CRC) are of particular interest in translational research to develop patient-individualized treatment strategies. Surface proteins still under debate are CD44 and CD133. The structural and functional diversity of these antigens, as well as their plasticity, has only just begun to be understood. Our study aimed to gain novel insight into the plasticity of CD133/CD44, thereby proving the hypothesis of marker-associated tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic phenotypes to be environmentally driven. Methods: CD133/CD44 profiles of 20 CRC cell lines were monitored; three models with distinct surface patterns in vitro were systematically examined. CD133/CD44 subpopulations were isolated by FACS and analyzed upon in vitro growth and/or in limiting dilution engraftment studies. The experimental setup included biomarker analyses on the protein (flow cytometry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence) and mRNA levels (RT-/qPCR) as well as CD44 gene sequencing. Results: In general, we found that (i) the in vitro CD133/CD44 pattern never determined engraftment and (ii) the CD133/CD44 population distributions harmonized under in vivo conditions. The LS1034 cell line appeared as a unique model due to its de novo in vivo presentation of CD44. CD44v8-10 was identified as main transcript, which was stronger expressed in primary human CRC than in normal colon tissues. Biomarker pattern of LS1034 cells in vivo reflected secondary engraftment: the tumorigenic potential was highest in CD133+/CD44+, intermediate in CD133+/CD44- and entirely lost in CD133-/CD44- subfractions. Both CD44+ and CD44- LS1034 cells gave rise to tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic progeny and were convertible - but only as long as they expressed CD133 in vivo. The highly tumorigenic CD133+/CD44(v8-10)+ LS1034 cells were localized in well-oxygenated perivascular but not hypoxic regions. From a multitude of putative modulators, only the direct interaction with stromal fibroblasts triggered an essential, in vivo-like enhancement of CD44v8-10 presentation in vitro. Conclusion: Environmental conditions modulate CD133/CD44 phenotypes and tumorigenic potential of CRC subpopulations. The identification of fibroblasts as drivers of cancer-specific CD44 expression profile and plasticity sheds light on the limitation of per se dynamic surface antigens as biomarkers. It can also explain the location of putative CD133/CD44-positive CRC CSC in the perivascular niche, which is likely to comprise cancer-associated fibroblasts. The LS1034 in vitro/in vivo model is a valuable tool to unravel the mechanism of stromal-induced CD44v8-10 expression and identify further therapeutically relevant, mutual interrelations between microenvironment and tumorigenic phenotype.
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28
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De Gregorio V, Urciuolo F, Netti PA, Imparato G. In Vitro Organotypic Systems to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1150. [PMID: 32375253 PMCID: PMC7281263 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-known role of chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in causing tumors (i.e., all cervical cancers and other human malignancies from the mucosal squamous epithelia, including anogenital and oropharyngeal cavity), its persistence is not sufficient for cancer development. Other co-factors contribute to the carcinogenesis process. Recently, the critical role of the underlying stroma during the HPV life cycle and HPV-induced disease have been investigated. The tumor stroma is a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is a specialized entity. The TME is dynamic, interactive, and constantly changing-able to trigger, support, and drive tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. In previous years, in vitro organotypic raft cultures and in vivo genetically engineered mouse models have provided researchers with important information on the interactions between HPVs and the epithelium. Further development for an in-depth understanding of the interaction between HPV-infected tissue and the surrounding microenvironment is strongly required. In this review, we critically describe the HPV-related cancers modeled in vitro from the simplified 'raft culture' to complex three-dimensional (3D) organotypic models, focusing on HPV-associated cervical cancer disease platforms. In addition, we review the latest knowledge in the field of in vitro culture systems of HPV-associated malignancies of other mucosal squamous epithelia (anogenital and oropharynx), as well as rare cutaneous non-melanoma associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza De Gregorio
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.U.); (P.A.N.)
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.U.); (P.A.N.)
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.U.); (P.A.N.)
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
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29
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Kalimuthu S, Gangadaran P, Oh JM, Rajendran RL, Lee HW, Gopal A, Hong CM, Jeon YH, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. A new tyrosine kinase inhibitor K905-0266 inhibits proliferation and sphere formation of glioblastoma cancer cells. J Drug Target 2020; 28:933-938. [PMID: 32191139 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1745817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant tumour of the central nervous system and carries a poor prognosis; average survival time after diagnosis is 14 months. Because of its unfavourable prognosis, novel therapies are needed. The aim of this study was to assess whether inhibition of GBM and GBM-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) by a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), K905-0266, is possible. To do this, we generated GBM (D54 and U87MG) cells expressing luciferase and characterised the inhibitory effects of the TKI with bioluminescent imaging (BLI) and western blot (WB). The effect of the TKI was then evaluated in CSCs. BLI showed significant inhibition of D54 and U87MG cells by TKI treatment. WB showed that the TKI decreased pERK and Bcl-2 level and increased cleaved caspase-3 level. Sphere formation was significantly reduced by the TKI in CSCs. Our results showed that a new TKI, K905-0266, effectively inhibited GBM and CSCs, making this a candidate for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunnehru Gopal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea.,Leading‑Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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30
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Stewart TA, Davis FM. A Primary Cell and Organoid Platform for Evaluating Pharmacological Responses in Mammary Epithelial Cells. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:63-75. [PMID: 32259089 PMCID: PMC7088941 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An essential process in predicting the in vivo pharmacological activity of a candidate molecule involves the evaluation of target responses using established model systems. While these models largely comprise immortalized cells, which are often serially passaged as monolayers on uniformly stiff substrates and are modified to overexpress one or more components of the pathway-of-interest, the importance of cell identity, heterogeneity, and three-dimensional (3D) context to target response is gaining increasing attention. Here, we assess intracellular calcium responses in mouse mammary epithelial cells in three distinct model systems: 3D primary organoids, 2D primary epithelial cells, and 2D immortalized cells. Specifically, we assess intracellular calcium responses to a number of extracellular signals implicated in the regulation of basal (or myoepithelial) cell function. These findings provide further insights into cell type and context-specific pharmacological responses in mammary epithelial cells and highlight the opportunities and challenges in the adoption of architecturally complex and heterogeneous in vitro assays in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A. Stewart
- Mater
Research-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Translational
Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Felicity M. Davis
- Mater
Research-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Translational
Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Novel 3D organoid culture techniques have enabled long-term expansion of pancreatic tissue. This review comprehensively summarizes and evaluates the applications of primary tissue-derived pancreatic organoids in regenerative studies, disease modelling, and personalized medicine. RECENT FINDINGS Organoids derived from human fetal and adult pancreatic tissue have been used to study pancreas development and repair. Generated adult human pancreatic organoids harbor the capacity for clonal expansion and endocrine cell formation. In addition, organoids have been generated from human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in order to study tumor behavior and assess drug responses. Pancreatic organoids constitute an important translational bridge between in vitro and in vivo models, enhancing our understanding of pancreatic cell biology. Current applications for pancreatic organoid technology include studies on tissue regeneration, disease modelling, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeetindra R. A. Balak
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Juri Juksar
- 0000 0000 9471 3191grid.419927.0Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Lo Nigro
- 0000 0000 9471 3191grid.419927.0Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco J. P. de Koning
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- 0000 0000 9471 3191grid.419927.0Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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32
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Su D, Zhang D, Jin J, Ying L, Han M, Chen K, Li B, Wu J, Xie Z, Zhang F, Lin Y, Cheng G, Li JY, Huang M, Wang J, Wang K, Zhang J, Li F, Xiong L, Futreal A, Mao W. Identification of predictors of drug sensitivity using patient-derived models of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5076. [PMID: 31700061 PMCID: PMC6838071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) project have adopted commercial pan-cancer cell line models to identify drug sensitivity biomarkers. However, drug sensitivity biomarkers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been widely explored. Here, eight patient-derived cell lines (PDCs) are successfully established from 123 patients with ESCC. The mutation profiling of PDCs can partially recapture the tumor tissue actionable mutations from 161 patients with ESCC. Based on these mutations and relative pathways in eight PDCs, 46 targeted drugs are selected for screening. Interestingly, some drug and biomarker relationships are established that were not discovered in the CCLE project. For example, CDKN2A or CDKN2B loss is significantly associated with the sensitivity of CDK4/6 inhibitors. Furthermore, both PDC xenografts and patient-derived xenografts confirm CDKN2A/2B loss as a biomarker predictive of CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity. Collectively, patient-derived models could predict targeted drug sensitivity associated with actionable mutations in ESCC. Predicting the drug response of patients with cancer is crucial for implementing targeted therapy. Here, Su et al. make patient-derived cell lines and perform targeted sequencing and RNA-seq to identify CDKN2A/2B loss as a predictor of response to CDK4/6 inhibitors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dadong Zhang
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyue Jin
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lisha Ying
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Han
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyan Chen
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Junzhou Wu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenghua Xie
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Fanrong Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihui Lin
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Yu Li
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Minran Huang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinchao Wang
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Kailai Wang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fugen Li
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Honorary Faculty, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Weimin Mao
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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33
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Granat LM, Kambhampati O, Klosek S, Niedzwecki B, Parsa K, Zhang D. The promises and challenges of patient-derived tumor organoids in drug development and precision oncology. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:150-161. [PMID: 31773090 PMCID: PMC6762043 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, cancer researchers and oncologists are eagerly searching for more realistic, cost effective, and timely tumor models to aid drug development and precision oncology. Tumor models that can faithfully recapitulate the histological and molecular characteristics of various human tumors will be extremely valuable in increasing the successful rate of oncology drug development and discovering the most efficacious treatment regimen for cancer patients. Two-dimensional (2D) cultured cancer cell lines, genetically engineered mouse tumor (GEMT) models, and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models have been widely used to investigate the biology of various types of cancers and test the efficacy of oncology drug candidates. However, due to either the failure to faithfully recapitulate the complexity of patient tumors in the case of 2D cultured cancer cells, or high cost and untimely for drug screening and testing in the case of GEMT and PDTX, new tumor models are urgently needed. The recently developed patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTO) offer great potentials in uncovering novel biology of cancer development, accelerating the discovery of oncology drugs, and individualizing the treatment of cancers. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress in utilizing PDTO for oncology drug discovery. In addition, we will discuss the potentials and limitations of the current PDTO tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Granat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew York
| | - Ooha Kambhampati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew York
| | - Stephanie Klosek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew York
| | - Brian Niedzwecki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew York
| | - Kian Parsa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew York
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew York
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34
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Establishment and genomic characterization of gingivobuccal carcinoma cell lines with smokeless tobacco associated genetic alterations and oncogenic PIK3CA mutation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8272. [PMID: 31164688 PMCID: PMC6547758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco associated Gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma (GB-SCC) is a major public health problem but available oral cancer cell lines are mostly from smoking associated tongue SCC raising the need for pertinent GB-SCC cell line models. As part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) Project, 4 novel cell lines, namely, Indian Tata Memorial Centre Oral Cancer (ITOC) -01 to -04 were established and characterized with conventional methods, karyotyping, ultrastructure, in vivo tumourigenicity, Whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing. These hyperploid cell lines form xenografts in mice and show metabolically active and necrotic areas on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging. WES of ITOC cell lines recapitulate the genomic tumor profile of ICGC GB-SCC database. We further identified smokeless tobacco associated genetic alterations (PCLO, FAT3 and SYNE2) and oncogenic PIK3CA mutation in GB-SCC cell lines. Transcriptome profiling identified deregulation of pathways commonly altered in cancer and down-regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, implying its possible role in GB-SCC. Clinical application of high throughput sequencing data depends on relevant cell line models to validate potential targets. Extensively characterized, these oral SCC cell lines are particularly suited for mechanistic studies and pre-clinical drug development for smokeless tobacco associated oral cancer.
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35
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Ghaderi F, Mehdipour F, Hosseini A, Talei A, Ghaderi A. Establishment and Characterization of a New Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line from an Iranian Breast Cancer Tissue. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1683-1689. [PMID: 31244288 PMCID: PMC7021626 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.6.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. The underlying mechanisms for breast cancer development, especially in young women, are not completely understood. Although there are several experimental models to understand the biology of breast cancer such as immortalized cell lines, many of these cell lines have been in culture for decades and most of them have been derived from Caucasians or African-Americans. So, it is required to establish a new cell line derived from primary tumors and Asian women. In this study Pari-Institute for Cancer Research (Pari-ICR) was derived from the primary breast tumor of a 36-years old patient with invasive ductal carcinoma. We characterized the cell line by examining morphology, expression of different markers, and functional profile. Immunocytochemistry showed that this cell line does not express estrogen and progesterone receptors as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Pari-ICR cell line expresses high levels of Vimentin, Ezrin, and S100 but does not express EpCAM, Cytokeratin19, Pan-cytokeratin, Nestin, and Desmin. Its doubling time of Pari-ICR was about 22h and was able to grow as colonies in soft agar. It displayed a higher ability of migration and invasion in comparison with MCF-7 cell line. This breast cancer cell line can serve as a model for understanding the molecular mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis. Moreover, it can be used as an appropriate resource to find novel biomarkers or assess new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehdipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolrasoul Talei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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36
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Brock EJ, Ji K, Shah S, Mattingly RR, Sloane BF. In Vitro Models for Studying Invasive Transitions of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:1-15. [PMID: 30056557 PMCID: PMC6641861 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
About one fourth of all newly identified cases of breast carcinoma are diagnoses of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Since we cannot yet distinguish DCIS cases that would remain indolent from those that may progress to life-threatening invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), almost all women undergo aggressive treatment. In order to allow for more rational individualized treatment, we and others are developing in vitro models to identify and validate druggable pathways that mediate the transition of DCIS to IDC. These models range from conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures on plastic to 3D cultures in natural or synthetic matrices. Some models consist solely of DCIS cells, either cell lines or primary cells. Others are co-cultures that include additional cell types present in the normal or cancerous human breast. The 3D co-culture models more accurately mimic structural and functional changes in breast architecture that accompany the transition of DCIS to IDC. Mechanistic studies of the dynamic and temporal changes associated with this transition are facilitated by adapting the in vitro models to engineered microfluidic platforms. Ultimately, the goal is to create in vitro models that can serve as a reproducible preclinical screen for testing therapeutic strategies that will reduce progression of DCIS to IDC. This review will discuss the in vitro models that are currently available, as well as the progress that has been made using them to understand DCIS pathobiology.
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MESH Headings
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques/methods
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/prevention & control
- Primary Cell Culture/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Brock
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Seema Shah
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Raymond R Mattingly
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Bonnie F Sloane
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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37
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Romero-Calvo I, Weber CR, Ray M, Brown M, Kirby K, Nandi RK, Long TM, Sparrow SM, Ugolkov A, Qiang W, Zhang Y, Brunetti T, Kindler H, Segal JP, Rzhetsky A, Mazar AP, Buschmann MM, Weichselbaum R, Roggin K, White KP. Human Organoids Share Structural and Genetic Features with Primary Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:70-83. [PMID: 30171177 PMCID: PMC6647028 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) organoid systems show great promise for understanding the biological underpinnings of disease and advancing therapeutic precision medicine. Despite the increased use of organoids, the fidelity of molecular features, genetic heterogeneity, and drug response to the tumor of origin remain important unanswered questions limiting their utility. To address this gap in knowledge, primary tumor- and patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoids, and 2D cultures for in-depth genomic and histopathologic comparisons with the primary tumor were created. Histopathologic features and PDAC representative protein markers (e.g., claudin 4 and CA19-9) showed strong concordance. DNA- and RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) of single organoids revealed patient-specific genomic and transcriptomic consistency. Single-cell RNAseq demonstrated that organoids are primarily a clonal population. In drug response assays, organoids displayed patient-specific sensitivities. In addition, the in vivo PDX response to FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/abraxane treatments were examined, which was recapitulated in vitro with organoids. This study has demonstrated that organoids are potentially invaluable for precision medicine as well as preclinical drug treatment studies because they maintain distinct patient phenotypes and respond differently to drug combinations and dosage. IMPLICATIONS: The patient-specific molecular and histopathologic fidelity of organoids indicate that they can be used to understand the etiology of the patient's tumor and the differential response to therapies and suggests utility for predicting drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Romero-Calvo
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher R Weber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mohana Ray
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Miguel Brown
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kori Kirby
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rajib K Nandi
- The Computer Science Department, Division of the Physical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tiha M Long
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samantha M Sparrow
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrey Ugolkov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Development Therapeutics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Tempus Labs, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wenan Qiang
- Center for Development Therapeutics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | | - Tonya Brunetti
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hedy Kindler
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeremy P Segal
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew P Mazar
- Center for Development Therapeutics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary M Buschmann
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ralph Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and the Ludwig Center for Metastasis, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin Roggin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Kevin P White
- Institute for Genomic & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
- Tempus Labs, Chicago, Illinois
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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38
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Abstract
The extent of genetic and epigenetic diversity between and within patient tumors is being mapped in ever more detail. It is clear that cancer is an evolutionary process in which tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic forces shape clonal selection. The pre-clinical oncology pipeline uses model systems of human cancer - including mouse models, cell lines, patient-derived organoids and patient-derived xenografts - to study tumor biology and assess the efficacy of putative therapeutic agents. Model systems cannot completely replicate the environment of human tumors and, even within the same cancer model, data are often irreproducible between laboratories. One hypothesis is that ongoing evolutionary processes remain relevant in laboratory models, leading to divergence over time. In a recent edition of Nature, Ben-David and colleagues showed that different stocks of widely used cancer cell lines - a staple of cancer research over many decades - are highly heterogeneous in terms of their genetics, transcriptomics and responses to therapies. The authors find compelling evidence of positive selection based on ongoing mutational processes and chromosomal instability. Thus, the origin, culture conditions and cumulative number of population doublings of cell lines likely influence experimental outcomes. Here, we summarize the key findings of this important study and discuss the practical implications of this work for researchers using cell lines in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Hynds
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6JD, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Elina Vladimirou
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6JD, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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39
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Yu LX, Zhang BL, Yang Y, Wang MC, Lei GL, Gao Y, Liu H, Xiao CH, Xu JJ, Qin H, Xu XY, Chen ZS, Zhang DD, Li FG, Zhang SG, Liu R. Exosomal microRNAs as potential biomarkers for cancer cell migration and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived cell models. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:257-269. [PMID: 30542726 PMCID: PMC6278507 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and current treatments exhibit limited efficacy against advanced HCC. The majority of cancer-related deaths are caused by metastasis from the primary tumor, which indicates the importance of identifying clinical biomarkers for predicting metastasis and indicating prognosis. Patient-derived cells (PDCs) may be effective models for biomarker identification. In the present study, a wound healing assay was used to obtain 10 fast-migrated and 10 slow-migrated PDC cultures from 36 HCC samples. MicroRNA (miRNA) signatures in PDCs and PDC-derived exosomes were profiled by microRNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed miRNAs between the low- and fast-migrated groups were identified and further validated in 372 HCC profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Six exosomal miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between the two groups. In the fast-migrated group, five miRNAs (miR-140-3p, miR-30d-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-130b-3p and miR-330-5p) were downregulated, and one miRNA (miR-296-3p) was upregulated compared with the slow-migrated group. Pathway analysis demonstrated that the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were significantly enriched in the 'focal adhesion' pathway, which is consistent with the roles of these miRNAs in tumor metastasis. Three miRNAs, miR-30d, miR-140 and miR-29b, were significantly associated with patient survival. These findings indicated that these exosomal miRNAs may be candidate biomarkers for predicting HCC cell migration and prognosis and may guide the treatment of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xiang Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Lun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Chao Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Lin Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hospital 302 of the PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hospital 302 of the PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hospital 302 of the PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Hui Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hospital 302 of the PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Xu
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicine Inc., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Hao Qin
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicine Inc., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ya Xu
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicine Inc., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Shuo Chen
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicine Inc., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Da-Dong Zhang
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicine Inc., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Li
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicine Inc., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Geng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hospital 302 of the PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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40
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Ounpuu L, Truu L, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Klepinin A, Koit A, Tepp K, Puurand M, Rebane-Klemm E, Käämbre T. Comparative analysis of the bioenergetics of human adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line and postoperative tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:1-10. [PMID: 30058357 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore the key bioenergetic properties for mitochondrial respiration in the widely-used Caco-2 cell line and in human colorectal cancer (HCC) postoperational tissue samples. Oxygraphy and metabolic control analysis (MCA) were applied to estimate the function of oxidative phosphorylation in cultured Caco-2 cells and HCC tissue samples. The mitochondria of Caco-2 cells and HCC tissues displayed larger functional activity of respiratory complex (C)II compared with CI, whereas in normal colon tissue an inverse pattern in the ratio of CI to CII activity was observed. MCA showed that the respiration in Caco-2 and HCC tissue cells is regulated by different parts of electron transport chain. In HCC tissues, this control is performed essentially at the level of respiratory chain complexes I-IV, whereas in Caco-2 cells at the level of CIV (cytochrome c oxidase) and the ATP synthasome. The differences we found in the regulation of respiratory chain activity and glycose index could represent an adaptive response to distinct growth conditions; this highlights the importance of proper validation of results obtained from in-vitro models before their extrapolation to the more complex in-vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Ounpuu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Laura Truu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andre Koit
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Egle Rebane-Klemm
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Käämbre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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41
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Tandon R, Singh I, Luxami V, Tandon N, Paul K. Recent Advances and Developments ofin vitroEvaluation of Heterocyclic Moieties on Cancer Cell Lines. CHEM REC 2018; 19:362-393. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Runjhun Tandon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical SciencesLovely Professional University Phagwara- 144411 India
| | - Iqubal Singh
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala- 147001 India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala- 147001 India
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical SciencesLovely Professional University Phagwara- 144411 India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala- 147001 India
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42
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Kamga PT, Dal Collo G, Bassi G, Midolo M, Delledonne M, Chilosi M, Bonifacio M, Krampera M. Characterization of a new B-ALL cell line with constitutional defect of the Notch signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18341-18350. [PMID: 29719609 PMCID: PMC5915076 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling contribution to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)
development is still under investigation. The serendipitous onset of B-ALL in a
patient affected by the germinal Notch mutation-dependent Alagille syndrome allowed
us to establish a B-ALL cell line (VR-ALL) bearing a genetic loss of function in
components of Notch signaling. VR-ALL is a common-type B-ALL cell line, grows in
conventional culture medium supplemented with 10% serum, and gives rise, once
injected into immunodeficient NOG mice, to a mouse xenograft model of B-ALL. Exome
sequencing revealed deleterious mutations in some components of Notch signaling,
including Jagged1, Notch1, and Notch2. In addition, VR-ALL is sensitive both
in vitro and in vivo to γ-secretase
inhibitors (GSIs) as well as conventional anti-leukemic drugs. For all these reasons,
VR-ALL may help to gain more insights into the role of Notch signaling in B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Takam Kamga
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Dal Collo
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Midolo
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Personal Genomics S.R.L., Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Chilosi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonifacio
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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43
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Khandia R, Pattnaik B, Rajukumar K, Pateriya A, Bhatia S, Murugkar H, Prakash A, Pradhan HK, Dhama K, Munjal A, Joshi SK. Anti-proliferative role of recombinant lethal toxin of Bacillus anthracis on primary mammary ductal carcinoma cells revealing its therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35835-35847. [PMID: 28415766 PMCID: PMC5482621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis secretes three secretary proteins; lethal factor (LF), protective antigen (PA) and edema factor (EF). The LF has ability to check proliferation of mammary tumors, chiefly depending on mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Evaluation of therapeutic potential of recombinant LF (rLF), recombinant PA (rPA) and lethal toxin (rLF + rPA = LeTx) on the primary mammary ductal carcinoma cells revealed significant (p < 0.01) reduction in proliferation of tumor cells with mean inhibition indices of 28.0 ± 1.37% and 19.6 ± 1.47% respectively. However, treatment with rPA alone had no significant anti-proliferative effect as evident by low mean inhibition index of 3.4 ± 3.87%. The higher inhibition index observed for rLF alone as compared to LeTx is contrary to the existing knowledge on LF, which explains the requirement of PA dependent endocytosis for its enzymatic activity. Therefore, the plausible existence of PA independent mode of action of LF including direct receptor mediated endocytosis or modulation of signal transduction cascade via unknown means is hypothesized. In silico protein docking analysis of other cellular receptors for any plausibility to play the role of receptor for LF revealed c-Met receptor showing strongest affinity for LF (H bond = 19; Free energy = −773.96), followed by nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-1. The study summarizes the use of rLF or LeTx as therapeutic molecule against primary mammary ductal carcinoma cells and also the c-Met as potential alternative receptor for LF to mediate and modulate PA independent signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Khandia
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bramhadev Pattnaik
- Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Atul Pateriya
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Harshad Murugkar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hare Krishna Pradhan
- Ex-Avian Influenza National Consultant, Indian Office of WHO Consultant, Bhartiya Kala Kendra, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil K Joshi
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Frank Reidy Research Center of Bioelectrics, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University Norfolk, VA USA
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44
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Kim HJ, Kang SK, Kwon WS, Kim TS, Jeong I, Jeung HC, Kragh M, Horak ID, Chung HC, Rha SY. Forty-nine gastric cancer cell lines with integrative genomic profiling for development of c-MET inhibitor. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:151-159. [PMID: 29435981 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase MET (c-MET) has received considerable attention as a potential target for gastric cancer (GC) therapy and a number of c-MET inhibitors have been developed. For successful drug development, proper preclinical studies especially using patient derived cancer cell lines are very important. We profiled MET and MET-related characteristics in 49 GC cell lines to utilize them as models in preclinical studies of GC. Forty-nine cell lines were analyzed for genetic, biological, and molecular status to characterize MET and MET-related molecules. Four c-MET inhibitors were tested to elucidate the dependency on MET pathway in the 49 GC cell lines. Six of 49 cell lines were MET amplified with overexpression of c-MET and p-MET. The variants of MET were not associated with c-MET expression or amplification. Hs746T showed an exon 14 deletion in conjunction with MET amplification. The cell lines were divided into 6 MET amplified, 2 c-MET overexpressed, 2 hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) overexpressed, and 39 MET-negative subgroups. Except tivantinib, the c-MET inhibitors showed higher inhibition (%) in MET amplified than in MET nonamplified cell lines that MET amplified cell lines showed MET pathway dependency. However, the c-MET overexpressed and HGF overexpressed cell lines showed moderate dependency on MET pathway. Well-characterized cell lines are very important in studying drug development. Our 49 GC cell lines had various characteristics of MET and MET-related molecules and MET pathway dependency. These provide a promising platform for development of various RTK inhibitors including c-MET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kim
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kyoung Kang
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sun Kwon
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Jeong
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei-Cheul Jeung
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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45
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Carlier C, Strese S, Viktorsson K, Velander E, Nygren P, Uustalu M, Juntti T, Lewensohn R, Larsson R, Spira J, De Vlieghere E, Ceelen WP, Gullbo J. Preclinical activity of melflufen (J1) in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59322-59335. [PMID: 27528037 PMCID: PMC5312315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer carries a significant mortality. Since symptoms tend to be minimal, the disease is often diagnosed when peritoneal metastases are already present. The standard of care in advanced ovarian cancer consists of platinum-based chemotherapy combined with cytoreductive surgery. Unfortunately, even after optimal cytoreduction and adjuvant chemotherapy, most patients with stage III disease will develop a recurrence. Intraperitoneal administration of chemotherapy is an alternative treatment for patients with localized disease. The pharmacological and physiochemical properties of melflufen, a peptidase potentiated alkylator, raised the hypothesis that this drug could be useful in ovarian cancer and particularily against peritoneal carcinomatosis. In this study the preclinical effects of melflufen were investigated in different ovarian cancer models. Melflufen was active against ovarian cancer cell lines, primary cultures of patient-derived ovarian cancer cells, and inhibited the growth of subcutaneous A2780 ovarian cancer xenografts alone and when combined with gemcitabine or liposomal doxorubicin when administered intravenously. In addition, an intra- and subperitoneal xenograft model showed activity of intraperitoneal administered melflufen for peritoneal carcinomatosis, with minimal side effects and modest systemic exposure. In conclusion, results from this study support further investigations of melflufen for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer, both for intravenous and intraperitoneal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Carlier
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Strese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ebba Velander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Nygren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Therese Juntti
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Oncopeptides AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jack Spira
- Present address: InSpira Medical AB, Tyresö, Sweden
| | - Elly De Vlieghere
- Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim P Ceelen
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Gullbo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Organoids, organs-on-chips and other systems, and microbiota. Emerg Top Life Sci 2017; 1:385-400. [PMID: 33525777 PMCID: PMC7289039 DOI: 10.1042/etls20170047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is considered an organ in its entirety and has been the subject of extensive research due to its role in physiology, metabolism, digestion, and immune regulation. Disequilibria of the normal microbiome have been associated with the development of several gastrointestinal diseases, but the exact underlying interactions are not well understood. Conventional in vivo and in vitro modelling systems fail to faithfully recapitulate the complexity of the human host–gut microbiome, emphasising the requirement for novel systems that provide a platform to study human host–gut microbiome interactions with a more holistic representation of the human in vivo microenvironment. In this review, we outline the progression and applications of new and old modelling systems with particular focus on their ability to model and to study host–microbiome cross-talk.
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47
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Diermeier SD, Chang KC, Freier SM, Song J, El Demerdash O, Krasnitz A, Rigo F, Bennett CF, Spector DL. Mammary Tumor-Associated RNAs Impact Tumor Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration. Cell Rep 2017; 17:261-274. [PMID: 27681436 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the largest and most diverse class of non-coding RNAs, comprising almost 16,000 currently annotated transcripts in human and 10,000 in mouse. Here, we investigated the role of lncRNAs in mammary tumors by performing RNA-seq on tumor sections and organoids derived from MMTV-PyMT and MMTV-Neu-NDL mice. We identified several hundred lncRNAs that were overexpressed compared to normal mammary epithelium. Among these potentially oncogenic lncRNAs we prioritized a subset as Mammary Tumor Associated RNAs (MaTARs) and determined their human counterparts, hMaTARs. To functionally validate the role of MaTARs, we performed antisense knockdown and observed reduced cell proliferation, invasion, and/or organoid branching in a cancer-specific context. Assessing the expression of hMaTARs in human breast tumors revealed that 19 hMaTARs are significantly upregulated and many of these correlate with breast cancer subtype and/or hormone receptor status, indicating potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kung-Chi Chang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Junyan Song
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Alexander Krasnitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | | - David L Spector
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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48
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Raju K L, Augustine D, Rao RS, S V S, Haragannavar VC, Nambiar S, Prasad K, Awan KH, Patil S. Biomarkers in Tumorigenesis Using Cancer Cell Lines: A Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2329-2337. [PMID: 28950674 PMCID: PMC5720632 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.9.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite many research advancements in the field, the genetic changes
regulating the transformation of normal oral cells into malignant cells have not been fully elucidated. Several studies have
evaluated carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Cancer cell lines are commonly used in biomedical research because
they provide an unlimited source of cells and represent various stages of initiation and progression of carcinogenesis
in vitro. Aims: The objective of the study was to review original research articles using cancer cell lines as a tool to
understand carcinogenesis and to identify the genes involved in tumor development. Additionally, we also examined
the application of the genes as predictive biomarkers. Methods and Materials: Several databases, including PubMed,
Google Scholar, Ebsco, and Science Direct, were searched from 1985 to December 2016 using various combinations of
the following key words: “mouth neoplasm”, “cell lines”, and “tumorigenesis”. Original experimental studies published
in English were included. We excluded letters to the editor, historic reviews, and unpublished data from the analysis.
Results: There were 17 studies (in vitro) included in the analysis. There were 14 genes and 4 miRNAs involved in
malignant transformation of oral keratinocytes into cancer cells. The most commonly studied genes were p53, cyclin
D1, and hTERT. Conclusion: Additional reviews and studies are needed to identify a panel of genes specific to various
potentially malignant disorders and to aid in the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) because
tumorigenesis involves the mutation of multiple genes. Furthermore, improving advanced cost-effective diagnostic
methods may benefit the public health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Raju K
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Short-term spheroid culture of primary colorectal cancer cells as an in vitro model for personalizing cancer medicine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183074. [PMID: 28877221 PMCID: PMC5587104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy treatment of cancer remains a challenge due to the molecular and functional heterogeneity displayed by tumours originating from the same cell type. The pronounced heterogeneity makes it difficult for oncologists to devise an effective therapeutic strategy for the patient. One approach for increasing treatment efficacy is to test the chemosensitivity of cancer cells obtained from the patient’s tumour. 3D culture represents a promising method for modelling patient tumours in vitro. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate how closely short-term spheroid cultures of primary colorectal cancer cells resemble the original tumour. Colorectal cancer cells were isolated from human tumour tissue and cultured as spheroids. Spheroid cultures were established with a high success rate and remained viable for at least 10 days. The spheroids exhibited significant growth over a period of 7 days and no difference in growth rate was observed for spheroids of different sizes. Comparison of spheroids with the original tumour revealed that spheroid culture generally preserved adenocarcinoma histology and expression patterns of cytokeratin 20 and carcinoembryonic antigen. Interestingly, spheroids had a tendency to resemble tumour protein expression more closely after 10 days of culture compared to 3 days. Chemosensitivity screening using spheroids from five patients demonstrated individual response profiles. This indicates that the spheroids maintained patient-to-patient differences in sensitivity towards the drugs and combinations most commonly used for treatment of colorectal cancer. In summary, short-term spheroid culture of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma cells represents a promising in vitro model for use in personalized medicine.
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Singh A, Pruett N, Hoang CD. In vitro experimental models of mesothelioma revisited. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:248-258. [PMID: 28713670 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.04.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a biologically unusual, highly aggressive cancer that defies current multimodality treatments. Epidemiologic data suggest that this malignancy has not abated despite increasingly strict environmental regulations on asbestos, the putative causative agent for sporadic cases. An incomplete understanding of all the factors mechanistically driving mesothelioma is largely responsible for the current lack of curative treatments. Many approaches have been employed to ascertain the step-by-step molecular events involved in mesothelioma oncogenesis including in vitro, small animal in vivo, and human experimental models; though clearly defined, druggable mechanisms still are elusive. Importantly, the foundation of the latest accepted model of tumor initiation is derived from in vitro systems. A thorough review of in vitro mesothelioma oncogenesis models may suggest further opportunities for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Singh
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathanael Pruett
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuong D Hoang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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