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Valdivia A, Avalos AM, Leyton L. Thy-1 (CD90)-regulated cell adhesion and migration of mesenchymal cells: insights into adhesomes, mechanical forces, and signaling pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221306. [PMID: 38099295 PMCID: PMC10720913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion and migration depend on the assembly and disassembly of adhesive structures known as focal adhesions. Cells adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and form these structures via receptors, such as integrins and syndecans, which initiate signal transduction pathways that bridge the ECM to the cytoskeleton, thus governing adhesion and migration processes. Integrins bind to the ECM and soluble or cell surface ligands to form integrin adhesion complexes (IAC), whose composition depends on the cellular context and cell type. Proteomic analyses of these IACs led to the curation of the term adhesome, which is a complex molecular network containing hundreds of proteins involved in signaling, adhesion, and cell movement. One of the hallmarks of these IACs is to sense mechanical cues that arise due to ECM rigidity, as well as the tension exerted by cell-cell interactions, and transduce this force by modifying the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cell migration. Among the integrin/syndecan cell surface ligands, we have described Thy-1 (CD90), a GPI-anchored protein that possesses binding domains for each of these receptors and, upon engaging them, stimulates cell adhesion and migration. In this review, we examine what is currently known about adhesomes, revise how mechanical forces have changed our view on the regulation of cell migration, and, in this context, discuss how we have contributed to the understanding of signaling mechanisms that control cell adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Valdivia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ana María Avalos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Selim AM, Elsabagh YA, El-Sawalhi MM, Ismail NA, Senousy MA. Association of integrin-β2 polymorphism and expression with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis in Egyptian patients. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:204. [PMID: 37644537 PMCID: PMC10463674 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic architecture of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are still unclear. Although RA and OA have quite different causes, they share synovial inflammation, risk factors, and some disease-associated genes, including the integrin subunit β2 (ITGB2)/CD18 gene involved in extracellular matrix interactions and immune cell signaling. However, the functional role of ITGB2 genetic variants, its circulating expression pattern, and their clinical usefulness in RA and OA remain unexplored. Our study appraised the association of ITGB2 rs2070946 single nucleotide polymorphism with the vulnerability to RA and OA and its influence on ITGB2 mRNA expression, along with the potential of serum ITGB2 expression in RA and OA diagnosis. METHODS This study included 70 RA patients, 70 primary OA patients, and 60 healthy volunteers. Genotyping and gene expression analysis were performed using qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of ITGB2. RESULTS Serum ITGB2 mRNA expression was upregulated in both RA and OA compared to healthy controls. ITGB2 rs2070946 was associated with escalating risk of both diseases. RA patients harboring the rs2070946 CC or TC + CC genotypes had higher serum ITGB2 expression than the TT genotype carriers. Likewise, OA patients having the minor homozygote CC genotype had higher serum ITGB2 expression than those carrying the TT, TC or TT + TC genotypes. Serum ITGB2 expression showed profound diagnostic potential for RA and OA in receiver-operating characteristic analysis. In RA, serum ITGB2 expression positively correlated with rheumatoid factor and disease activity score 28 (DAS28). The ITGB2-PPI network enriched in cell-cell adhesion, ICAM-3 receptor activity, T-cell activation, leukocyte adhesion, complement binding, and NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These findings embrace the impact of ITGB2 rs2070946 as a novel genetic biomarker of both RA and OA, which could alter the ITGB2 expression. Serum ITGB2 expression could aid in timely diagnosis of RA and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa M Selim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yumn A Elsabagh
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine, Kasr Al- Ainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M El-Sawalhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nabila A Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Senousy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Gao T, Cho EA, Zhang P, Wu J. Inhibition of talin-induced integrin activation by a double-hit stapled peptide. Structure 2023; 31:948-957.e3. [PMID: 37369205 PMCID: PMC10526925 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are ubiquitously expressed cell-adhesion proteins. Activation of integrins is triggered by talin through an inside-out signaling pathway, which can be driven by RAP1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) through its interaction with talin at two distinct sites. A helical talin-binding segment (TBS) in RIAM interacts with both sites in talin, leading to integrin activation. The bispecificity inspires a "double-hit" strategy for inhibiting talin-induced integrin activation. We designed an experimental peptidomimetic inhibitor, S-TBS, derived from TBS and containing a molecular staple, which leads to stronger binding to talin and inhibition of talin:integrin interaction. The crystallographic study validates that S-TBS binds to the talin rod through the same interface as TBS. Moreover, the helical S-TBS exhibits excellent cell permeability and effectively suppresses integrin activation in cells in a talin-dependent manner. Our results shed light on a new class of integrin inhibitors and a novel approach to design multi-specific peptidomimetic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Cho
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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4
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Musale V, Wasserman DH, Kang L. Extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and metabolic disorders. LIFE METABOLISM 2023; 2:load021. [PMID: 37383542 PMCID: PMC10299575 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity causes extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling which can develop into serious pathology and fibrosis, having metabolic effects in insulin-sensitive tissues. The ECM components may be increased in response to overnutrition. This review will focus on specific obesity-associated molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of ECM remodelling and the impact of specific interactions on tissue metabolism. In obesity, complex network of signalling molecules such as cytokines and growth factors have been implicated in fibrosis. Increased ECM deposition contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance at least in part through activation of cell surface integrin receptors and CD44 signalling cascades. These cell surface receptors transmit signals to the cell adhesome which orchestrates an intracellular response that adapts to the extracellular environment. Matrix proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides interact through ligand-specific cell surface receptors that interact with the cytosolic adhesion proteins to elicit specific actions. Cell adhesion proteins may have catalytic activity or serve as scaffolds. The vast number of cell surface receptors and the complexity of the cell adhesome have made study of their roles challenging in health and disease. Further complicating the role of ECM-cell receptor interactions is the variation between cell types. This review will focus on recent insights gained from studies of two highly conserved, ubiquitously axes and how they contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. These are the collagen-integrin receptor-IPP (ILK-PINCH-Parvin) axis and the hyaluronan-CD44 interaction. We speculate that targeting ECM components or their receptor-mediated cell signalling may provide novel insights into the treatment of obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Musale
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David H. Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
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5
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Gao Q, Sun Z, Fang D. Integrins in human hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis and therapy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:253-268. [PMID: 36848180 PMCID: PMC10106235 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Integrins are a family of transmembrane receptors that connect the extracellular matrix and actin skeleton, which mediate cell adhesion, migration, signal transduction, and gene transcription. As a bi-directional signaling molecule, integrins can modulate many aspects of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, integrins have a great potential as antitumor therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the recent reports of integrins in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focusing on the abnormal expression, activation, and signaling of integrins in cancer cells as well as their roles in other cells in the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the regulation and functions of integrins in hepatitis B virus-related HCC. Finally, we update the clinical and preclinical studies of integrin-related drugs in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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6
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Hilvering B, Koenderman L. Quality over quantity; eosinophil activation status will deepen the insight into eosinophilic diseases. Respir Med 2023; 207:107094. [PMID: 36572067 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophil associated diseases have gained much attention recently because of the introduction of specific eosinophil targeted therapies. These diseases range from acute parasitic infections to chronic inflammatory diseases such as eosinophilic asthma. In eosinophilic asthma an increased eosinophil cell count in peripheral blood is the gold standard for determination of the pheno-/endotype and severity of disease. Despite a broad consensus there is concern on validity of this simple measurement, because the eosinophil compartment is far from homogenous. Multiple tissues harbour non-activated cells under homeostatic conditions and other tissues, normally devoid of eosinophils, become infested with these cells under inflammatory conditions. It will, therefore, be clear that eosinophils become differentially (pre)-activated at different tissue sites in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. This complexity should be investigated in detail as it is 1) far from clear what the long-term side effects are that are caused by application of eosinophil targeted therapies in a "one size fits all" concept and 2) real-world data of eosinophil targeted therapies in asthma shows a broad variety in the treatment response. This review will focus on complex mechanisms of eosinophil activation in vivo to create a better view on the dynamics of the eosinophil compartment in health and disease both to prevent collateral damage caused by aberrant activation of eosinophils ánd to improve effectiveness of eosinophil targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hilvering
- Dept. Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
| | - L Koenderman
- Dept. Respiratory Medicine and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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7
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Hudz IA, Chernyshenko VO, Kasatkina LO, Urvant LP, Klimashevskyi VM, Tkachenko OS, Kosiakova HV, Hula NM, Platonova TM. N-Stearoylethanolamine Inhibits Integrin-Mediated Activation, Aggregation, and Adhesion of Human Platelets. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 383:2-10. [PMID: 35963618 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE), a lipid mediator that belongs to the N-acylethanolamine (NAE) family, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and membranoprotective actions. In contrast to other NAEs, NSE does not interact with cannabinoid receptors. The exact mechanism of its action remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the action of NSE on activation, aggregation, and adhesion of platelets that were chosen as a model of cellular response. Aggregation of platelets was measured to analyze the action of NSE (10<sup>-6</sup>-10<sup>-10</sup> M) on platelet reactivity. Changes in granularity and shape of resting platelets and platelets stimulated with ADP in the presence of NSE were monitored by flow cytometry, and platelet deganulation was monitored by spectrofluorimetry. In vivo studies were performed using obese insulin-resistant rats. Binding of fibrinogen to the GPIIb/IIIa receptor was estimated using indirect ELISA and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that NSE inhibits the activation and aggregation of human platelets. Our results suggest that NSE may decrease the activation and subsequent aggregation of platelets induced by ristocetin, epinephrine, and low doses of ADP. NSE also reduced the binding of fibrinogen to GPIIb/IIIa on activated platelets. These effects could be explained by the inhibition of platelet activation mediated by integrin receptors: the GPIb-IX-V complex for ristocetin-induced activation and GPIIb/IIIa when epinephrine and low doses of ADP were applied. The anti-platelet effect of NSE complements its anti-inflammatory effect and allows us to prioritize studies of NSE as a potent anti-thrombotic agent. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) was shown to possess inhibitory action on platelet activation, adhesion, and aggregation. The mechanism of inhibition possibly involves integrin receptors. This finding complements the known anti-inflammatory effects of NSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iehor A Hudz
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Lesia P Urvant
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Nadiia M Hula
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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8
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Zhao Y, Lykov N, Tzeng C. Talin‑1 interaction network in cellular mechanotransduction (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:60. [PMID: 35266014 PMCID: PMC8930095 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical signals within the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and integrins function as the hub between the ECM and cellular actin. Focal adhesions (FAs) are multi‑protein, integrin‑containing complexes, acting as tension‑sensing anchoring points that bond cells to the extracellular microenvironment. Talin‑1 serves as the central protein of FAs that participates in the activation of integrins and connects them with the actin cytoskeleton. As a cytoplasmic protein, Talin‑1 consists of a globular head domain and a long rod comprised of a series of α‑helical bundles. The unique structure of the Talin‑1 rod domain permits folding and unfolding in response to the mechanical stress, revealing various binding sites. Thus, conformation changes of the Talin‑1 rod domain enable the cell to convert mechanical signals into chemical through multiple signaling pathways. The present review discusses the binding partners of Talin‑1, their interactions, effects on the cellular processes, and their possible roles in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| | - Nikita Lykov
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| | - Chimeng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center-Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theragnostic and Clinical Translation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital Medical Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
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9
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Li Q, Lan T, Xie J, Lu Y, Zheng D, Su B. Integrin-Mediated Tumorigenesis and Its Therapeutic Applications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:812480. [PMID: 35223494 PMCID: PMC8873568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.812480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins, a family of adhesion molecules generally exist on the cell surface, are essential for regulating cell growth and its function. As a bi-directional signaling molecule, they mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interaction. The recognitions of their key roles in many human pathologies, including autoimmunity, thrombosis and neoplasia, have revealed their great potential as a therapeutic target. This paper focuses on the activation of integrins, the role of integrins in tumorigenesis and progression, and advances of integrin-dependent tumor therapeutics in recent years. It is expected that understanding function and signaling transmission will fully exploit potentialities of integrin as a novel target for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dali Zheng, ; Bohua Su,
| | - Bohua Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dali Zheng, ; Bohua Su,
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10
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Abstract
Osteocytes, former osteoblasts encapsulated by mineralized bone matrix, are far from being passive and metabolically inactive bone cells. Instead, osteocytes are multifunctional and dynamic cells capable of integrating hormonal and mechanical signals and transmitting them to effector cells in bone and in distant tissues. Osteocytes are a major source of molecules that regulate bone homeostasis by integrating both mechanical cues and hormonal signals that coordinate the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteocyte function is altered in both rare and common bone diseases, suggesting that osteocyte dysfunction is directly involved in the pathophysiology of several disorders affecting the skeleton. Advances in osteocyte biology initiated the development of novel therapeutics interfering with osteocyte-secreted molecules. Moreover, osteocytes are targets and key distributors of biological signals mediating the beneficial effects of several bone therapeutics used in the clinic. Here we review the most recent discoveries in osteocyte biology demonstrating that osteocytes regulate bone homeostasis and bone marrow fat via paracrine signaling, influence body composition and energy metabolism via endocrine signaling, and contribute to the damaging effects of diabetes mellitus and hematologic and metastatic cancers in the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Delgado-Calle
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Teresita Bellido
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,3Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
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11
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Basu B, Jain M, Chopra AR. Caudamins, a new subclass of protein hormones. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:1007-1014. [PMID: 34666940 PMCID: PMC8585694 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hormones have traditionally been classified by their mode of biosynthetic origin. We postulate a mode of hormone biosynthesis that leads to a new subclass of protein hormones. Members of this class are derived from a cleavage event that also generates a much larger, functionally unrelated, nonhormonal protein. Here, we examine four representative members of this group: endostatin, endotrophin, asprosin, and placensin. We have named this subclass of protein hormones caudamins, from the Latin word cauda meaning 'tail'. These four caudamins have shown promise in understanding and treating diseases like metabolic syndrome and cancer. Identification of the rest of the caudamins will likely provide a plethora of drug targets for a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoya Basu
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mahim Jain
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atul R Chopra
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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12
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Dhaliwal D, Shepherd TG. Molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling integrin-mediated cell adhesion and tumor progression in ovarian cancer metastasis: a review. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:291-301. [PMID: 34822024 PMCID: PMC8971148 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the developed world. EOC metastasis is unique since malignant cells detach directly from the primary tumor site into the abdominal fluid and form multicellular aggregates, called spheroids, that possess enhanced survival mechanisms while in suspension. As such, altered cell adhesion properties are paramount to EOC metastasis with cell detachment from the primary tumor, dissemination as spheroids, and reattachment to peritoneal surfaces for secondary tumor formation. The ability for EOC cells to establish and maintain cell–cell contacts in spheroids is critical for cell survival in suspension. Integrins are a family of cell adhesion receptors that play a crucial role in cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. These glycoprotein receptors regulate diverse functions in tumor cells and are implicated in multiple steps of cancer progression. Altered integrin expression is detected in numerous carcinomas, where they play a role in cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent survival. Like that observed for other carcinomas, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs during metastasis and integrins can function in this process as well. Herein, we provide a review of the evidence for integrin-mediated cell adhesion mechanisms impacting steps of EOC metastasis. Taken together, targeting integrin function may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit progression of advanced EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Dhaliwal
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Rd E, Room A4-836, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.
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Teladorsagia Circumcincta Galectin-Mucosal Interactome in Sheep. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100216. [PMID: 34679046 PMCID: PMC8540209 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Teladorsagia circumcincta is the most important gastrointestinal parasite in the livestock industry in temperate regions around the world, causing great economic losses. The infective third-stage larvae (L3) of Teladorsagia circumcincta secrete a large number of excretory-secretory (E/S) molecules, some of which are likely to play critical roles in modulating the host immune response. One of the most abundant E/S molecules is a protein termed Tci-gal-1, which has similarity to mammalian galectins. Galectins are a family of carbohydrate-binding molecules, with characteristic domain organisation and affinity for β-galactosids that mediate a variety of important cellular functions including inflammation and immune responses. To understand the role of Tci-gal-1 at the host–parasite interface, we used a proteomics pull-down approach to identify Tc-gal-1 interacting proteins from sheep abomasal scrapes and whole tissue. A total of 135 unique proteins were identified from whole abomasal tissue samples, while 89 proteins were isolated from abomasal scrape samples. Of these proteins, 63 were present in both samples. Many of the host proteins identified, such as trefoil factors and mucin-like proteins, play critical roles in the host response. The identification of Tci-gal-1 binding partners provides new insights on host–parasite interactions and could lead to the development of new control strategies.
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14
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Rickard BP, Conrad C, Sorrin AJ, Ruhi MK, Reader JC, Huang SA, Franco W, Scarcelli G, Polacheck WJ, Roque DM, del Carmen MG, Huang HC, Demirci U, Rizvi I. Malignant Ascites in Ovarian Cancer: Cellular, Acellular, and Biophysical Determinants of Molecular Characteristics and Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4318. [PMID: 34503128 PMCID: PMC8430600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascites refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum resulting from an underlying pathology, such as metastatic cancer. Among all cancers, advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer is most frequently associated with the production of malignant ascites and is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Despite decades of evidence showing that the accumulation of peritoneal fluid portends the poorest outcomes for cancer patients, the role of malignant ascites in promoting metastasis and therapy resistance remains poorly understood. This review summarizes the current understanding of malignant ascites, with a focus on ovarian cancer. The first section provides an overview of heterogeneity in ovarian cancer and the pathophysiology of malignant ascites. Next, analytical methods used to characterize the cellular and acellular components of malignant ascites, as well the role of these components in modulating cell biology, are discussed. The review then provides a perspective on the pressures and forces that tumors are subjected to in the presence of malignant ascites and the impact of physical stress on therapy resistance. Treatment options for malignant ascites, including surgical, pharmacological and photochemical interventions are then discussed to highlight challenges and opportunities at the interface of drug discovery, device development and physical sciences in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Christina Conrad
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Jocelyn C. Reader
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (D.M.R.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Walfre Franco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dana M. Roque
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (D.M.R.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marcela G. del Carmen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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15
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Zhao XM, Niu N, Yang JP, Liu WM, Zhang JZ. LmIntegrinβ-PS is required for wing morphogenesis and development in Locusta migratoria. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:705-717. [PMID: 32401389 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wings are an important flight organ of insects and their morphogenesis depends on a series of cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. Integrin as a transmembrane protein receptor mediates cell-to-cell adhesion, cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions and signal transduction. In the present study, we characterized an integrin gene that encodes integrinβ-PS protein in Locusta migratoria. LmIntegrinβ-PS is highly expressed in the wing pads and the middle stages of 5th instar nymphs. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the LmIntegrinβ-PS protein was localized at the cell base of the two layers of wings. After suppression of LmIntegrinβ-PS by RNA interference, the wing pads or wings were unable to form normally, with a blister wing appearance during nymph to nymph transition and nymph to adult transition. We further found that the dorsal and ventral epidermis of the wings after dsLmIntegrinβ-PS injection were improperly connected and formed huge cavities revealed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, the morphology and structure of the wing cuticle was significantly disturbed which affected the stable arrangement and attachments of the wing epidermis. Moreover, the expression of related cell adhesion genes was significantly decreased in LmIntegrinβ-PS-suppressed L. migratoria, suggesting that LmIntegrinβ-PS is required for the morphogenesis and development of wings during molting by stabilizing cell adhesion and maintaining the cytoskeleton of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Niu Niu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia-Peng Yang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei-Min Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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16
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Vasilaki D, Bakopoulou A, Tsouknidas A, Johnstone E, Michalakis K. Biophysical interactions between components of the tumor microenvironment promote metastasis. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:339-357. [PMID: 34168685 PMCID: PMC8214652 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, tumor cells need to adapt to their dynamic microenvironment and modify their mechanical properties in response to both chemical and mechanical stimulation. Physical interactions occur between cancer cells and the surrounding matrix including cell movements and cell shape alterations through the process of mechanotransduction. The latter describes the translation of external mechanical cues into intracellular biochemical signaling. Reorganization of both the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in these spreading steps. Migrating tumor cells show increased motility in order to cross the tumor microenvironment, migrate through ECM and reach the bloodstream to the metastatic site. There are specific factors affecting these processes, as well as the survival of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the blood flow until they finally invade the secondary tissue to form metastasis. This review aims to study the mechanisms of metastasis from a biomechanical perspective and investigate cell migration, with a focus on the alterations in the cytoskeleton through this journey and the effect of biologic fluids on metastasis. Understanding of the biophysical mechanisms that promote tumor metastasis may contribute successful therapeutic approaches in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Vasilaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Tsouknidas
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Computational Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Michalakis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Division of Graduate Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Xu Z, Liang Y, Delaney MK, Zhang Y, Kim K, Li J, Bai Y, Cho J, Ushio-Fukai M, Cheng N, Du X. Shear and Integrin Outside-In Signaling Activate NADPH-Oxidase 2 to Promote Platelet Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1638-1653. [PMID: 33691478 PMCID: PMC8057529 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - M. Keegan Delaney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
- Dupage Medical Technology, Inc (M.K.D.)
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu (K.K.)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Yanyan Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University (M.U.-F.)
| | - Ni Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
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18
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Ghosh N, Garg I, Srivastava S, Kumar B. Influence of integrins on thrombus formation: a road leading to the unravelling of DVT. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1489-1504. [PMID: 33398665 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are a group of transmembrane glycoprotein receptors that are responsible for platelet activation through bidirectional signalling. These receptors have left their footprints in various cellular events and have intrigued many groups of scientists that have led to some significant discoveries. A lot of the recent understanding of haemostasis has been possible due to the integrins filling the gaps in between several cellular mechanism. Apart from this, other important functions carried out by integrins are growth and maturation of cardiomyocytes, mechano-transduction, and interaction with actin cytoskeleton. The signalling cascade for integrin activation involves certain intracellular interacting proteins, which initiates the step-by-step activation procedure through 'inside-out' signalling. The signalling cascade gets activated through 'outside-in' signalling with the involvement of agonists such as ADP, Fibronectin, Vitronectin, and so on. This is a crucial step for the downstream processes of platelet spreading, followed by aggregation, clot progression and finally thrombus formation. Researchers throughout the world have shown direct relation of integrins with CVD and cardiac remodelling. The present review aims to summarize the information available so far on the involvement of integrins in thrombosis and its relationship to DVT. This information could be a bedrock of hidden answers to several questions on pathogenesis of deep vein thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Ghosh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Iti Garg
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Swati Srivastava
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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19
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Soteriou C, Kalli AC, Connell SD, Tyler AII, Thorne JL. Advances in understanding and in multi-disciplinary methodology used to assess lipid regulation of signalling cascades from the cancer cell plasma membrane. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101080. [PMID: 33359620 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lipid bilayer is a functional component of cells, forming a stable platform for the initiation of key biological processes, including cell signalling. There are distinct changes in the lipid composition of cell membranes during oncogenic transformation resulting in aberrant activation and inactivation of signalling transduction pathways. Studying the role of the cell membrane in cell signalling is challenging, since techniques are often limited to by timescale, resolution, sensitivity, and averaging. To overcome these limitations, combining 'computational', 'wet-lab' and 'semi-dry' approaches offers the best opportunity to resolving complex biological processes involved in membrane organisation. In this review, we highlight analytical tools that have been applied for the study of cell signalling initiation from the cancer cell membranes through computational microscopy, biological assays, and membrane biophysics. The cancer therapeutic potential of extracellular membrane-modulating agents, such as cholesterol-reducing agents is also discussed, as is the need for future collaborative inter-disciplinary research for studying the role of the cell membrane and its components in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Soteriou
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A C Kalli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S D Connell
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A I I Tyler
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK
| | - J L Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK.
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20
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Zhang P, Azizi L, Kukkurainen S, Gao T, Baikoghli M, Jacquier MC, Sun Y, Määttä JAE, Cheng RH, Wehrle-Haller B, Hytönen VP, Wu J. Crystal structure of the FERM-folded talin head reveals the determinants for integrin binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32402-32412. [PMID: 33288722 PMCID: PMC7768682 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014583117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of the intracellular adapter proteins talin and its cofactor, kindlin, to the integrin receptors induces integrin activation and clustering. These processes are essential for cell adhesion, migration, and organ development. Although the talin head, the integrin-binding segment in talin, possesses a typical FERM-domain sequence, a truncated form has been crystallized in an unexpected, elongated form. This form, however, lacks a C-terminal fragment and possesses reduced β3-integrin binding. Here, we present a crystal structure of a full-length talin head in complex with the β3-integrin tail. The structure reveals a compact FERM-like conformation and a tightly associated N-P-L-Y motif of β3-integrin. A critical C-terminal poly-lysine motif mediates FERM interdomain contacts and assures the tight association with the β3-integrin cytoplasmic segment. Removal of the poly-lysine motif or disrupting the FERM-folded configuration of the talin head significantly impairs integrin activation and clustering. Therefore, structural characterization of the FERM-folded active talin head provides fundamental understanding of the regulatory mechanism of integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingfeng Zhang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tong Gao
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Mo Baikoghli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Marie-Claude Jacquier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Yijuan Sun
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Juha A E Määttä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - R Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111;
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21
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Pastwińska J, Żelechowska P, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Dastych J. The Art of Mast Cell Adhesion. Cells 2020; 9:E2664. [PMID: 33322506 PMCID: PMC7764012 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is one of the basic phenomena occurring in a living organism, affecting many other processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, or cell viability. Mast cells (MCs) are important elements involved in defending the host against various pathogens and regulating inflammatory processes. Due to numerous mediators, they are contributing to the modulation of many basic cellular processes in a variety of cells, including the expression and functioning of different adhesive molecules. They also express themselves many adhesive proteins, including ICAM-1, ICAM-3, VCAM-1, integrins, L-selectin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. These molecules enable MCs to interact with other cells and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), creating structures such as adherens junctions and focal adhesion sites, and triggering a signaling cascade. A thorough understanding of these cellular mechanisms can create a better understanding of MC biology and reveal new goals for MC targeted therapy. This review will focus on the current knowledge of adhesion mechanisms with the involvement of MCs. It also provides insight into the influence of MCs or MC-derived mediators on the adhesion molecule expression in different cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pastwińska
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (J.P.); (A.W.-D.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (P.Ż.); (E.B.-B.)
| | - Paulina Żelechowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (P.Ż.); (E.B.-B.)
| | - Aurelia Walczak-Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (J.P.); (A.W.-D.)
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (P.Ż.); (E.B.-B.)
| | - Jarosław Dastych
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (J.P.); (A.W.-D.)
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22
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Cho EA, Zhang P, Kumar V, Kavalchuk M, Zhang H, Huang Q, Duncan JS, Wu J. Phosphorylation of RIAM by src promotes integrin activation by unmasking the PH domain of RIAM. Structure 2020; 29:320-329.e4. [PMID: 33275877 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrin activation controls cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. RIAM (RAP1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule) is recruited by activated RAP1 to the plasma membrane (PM) to mediate integrin activation via an inside-out signaling pathway. This process requires the association of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of RIAM with the membrane PIP2. We identify a conserved intermolecular interface that masks the PIP2-binding site in the PH domains of RIAM. Our data indicate that phosphorylation of RIAM by Src family kinases disrupts this PH-mediated interface, unmasks the membrane PIP2-binding site, and promotes integrin activation. We further demonstrate that this process requires phosphorylation of Tyr267 and Tyr427 in the RIAM PH domain by Src. Our data reveal an unorthodox regulatory mechanism of small GTPase effector proteins by phosphorylation-dependent PM association of the PH domain and provide new insights into the link between Src kinases and integrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Cho
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Mikhail Kavalchuk
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | - James S Duncan
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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23
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Dolinschek R, Hingerl J, Benge A, Zafiu C, Schüren E, Ehmoser EK, Lössner D, Reuning U. Constitutive activation of integrin αvβ3 contributes to anoikis resistance of ovarian cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:503-522. [PMID: 33155399 PMCID: PMC7858284 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer involves the shedding of single tumor cells or spheroids from the primary tumor into ascites, followed by their survival, and transit to the sites of metastatic colonization within the peritoneal cavity. During their flotation, anchorage-dependent epithelial-type tumor cells gain anoikis resistance, implicating integrins, including αvß3. In this study, we explored anoikis escape, cisplatin resistance, and prosurvival signaling as a function of the αvß3 transmembrane conformational activation state in cells suspended in ascites. A high-affinity and constitutively signaling-competent αvß3 variant, which harbored unclasped transmembrane domains, was found to confer delayed anoikis onset, enhanced cisplatin resistance, and reduced cell proliferation in ascites or 3D-hydrogels, involving p27kip upregulation. Moreover, it promoted EGF-R expression and activation, prosurvival signaling, implicating FAK, src, and PKB/Akt. This led to the induction of the anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2 and survivin suppressing caspase activation, compared to a signaling-incapable αvß3 variant displaying firmly associated transmembrane domains. Dissecting the mechanistic players for αvß3-dependent survival and peritoneal metastasis of ascitic ovarian cancer spheroids is of paramount importance to target their anchorage independence by reversing anoikis resistance and blocking αvß3-triggered prosurvival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Dolinschek
- Department for Obstetrics & Gynecology, Clinical Research Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Julia Hingerl
- Department for Obstetrics & Gynecology, Clinical Research Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Anke Benge
- Department for Obstetrics & Gynecology, Clinical Research Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Christian Zafiu
- Department of Water, Atmosphere, and Environment, University for Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Schüren
- Department for Obstetrics & Gynecology, Clinical Research Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Eva-Kathrin Ehmoser
- Department for Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University for Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Lössner
- Faculties of Engineering and Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ute Reuning
- Department for Obstetrics & Gynecology, Clinical Research Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany
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Afrin S, Islam MS, Patzkowsky K, Malik M, Catherino WH, Segars JH, Borahay MA. Simvastatin ameliorates altered mechanotransduction in uterine leiomyoma cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:733.e1-733.e14. [PMID: 32417359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyomas, the most common tumors of the female reproductive system, are characterized by excessive deposition of disordered stiff extracellular matrix and fundamental alteration in the mechanical signaling pathways. Specifically, these alterations affect the normal dynamic state of responsiveness to mechanical cues in the extracellular environment. These mechanical cues are converted through integrins, cell membrane receptors, to biochemical signals including cytoskeletal signaling pathways to maintain mechanical homeostasis. Leiomyoma cells overexpress β1 integrin and other downstream mechanical signaling proteins. We previously reported that simvastatin, an antihyperlipidemic drug, has antileiomyoma effects through cellular, animal model, and epidemiologic studies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the hypothesis that simvastatin might influence altered mechanotransduction in leiomyoma cells. STUDY DESIGN This is a laboratory-based experimental study. Primary leiomyoma cells were isolated from 5 patients who underwent hysterectomy at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Johns Hopkins University Hospital. Primary and immortalized human uterine leiomyoma cells were treated with simvastatin at increasing concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM, or control) for 48 hours. Protein and mRNA levels of β1 integrin and extracellular matrix components involved in mechanical signaling were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. In addition, we examined the effect of simvastatin on the activity of Ras homolog family member A using pull-down assay and gel contraction. RESULTS We found that simvastatin significantly reduced the protein expression of β1 integrin by 44% and type I collagen by 60% compared with untreated leiomyoma cells. Simvastatin-treated cells reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase down to 26%-60% of control, whereas it increased total focal adhesion kinase protein expression. Using a Ras homolog family member A pull-down activation assay, we observed reduced levels of active Ras homolog family member A in simvastatin-treated cells by 45%-85% compared with control. Consistent with impaired Ras homolog family member A activation, simvastatin treatment reduced tumor gel contraction where gel area was 122%-153% larger than control. Furthermore, simvastatin treatment led to reduced levels of mechanical signaling proteins involved in β1 integrin downstream signaling, such as A-kinase anchor protein 13, Rho-associated protein kinase 1, myosin light-chain kinase, and cyclin D1. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a possible therapeutic role of simvastatin in restoring the altered state of mechanotransduction signaling in leiomyoma. Collectively, these findings are aligned with previous epidemiologic studies and other reports and support the need for clinical trials.
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Heinzmann AC, Karel MF, Coenen DM, Vajen T, Meulendijks NM, Nagy M, Suylen DP, Cosemans JM, Heemskerk JW, Hackeng TM, Koenen RR. Complementary roles of platelet αIIbβ3 integrin, phosphatidylserine exposure and cytoskeletal rearrangement in the release of extracellular vesicles. Atherosclerosis 2020; 310:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Pethő Z, Najder K, Carvalho T, McMorrow R, Todesca LM, Rugi M, Bulk E, Chan A, Löwik CWGM, Reshkin SJ, Schwab A. pH-Channeling in Cancer: How pH-Dependence of Cation Channels Shapes Cancer Pathophysiology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2484. [PMID: 32887220 PMCID: PMC7565548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue acidosis plays a pivotal role in tumor progression: in particular, interstitial acidosis promotes tumor cell invasion, and is a major contributor to the dysregulation of tumor immunity and tumor stromal cells. The cell membrane and integral membrane proteins commonly act as important sensors and transducers of altered pH. Cell adhesion molecules and cation channels are prominent membrane proteins, the majority of which is regulated by protons. The pathophysiological consequences of proton-sensitive ion channel function in cancer, however, are scarcely considered in the literature. Thus, the main focus of this review is to highlight possible events in tumor progression and tumor immunity where the pH sensitivity of cation channels could be of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Pethő
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Tiago Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 90126 Bari, Italy; (T.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Roisin McMorrow
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3035 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (C.W.G.M.L.)
| | - Luca Matteo Todesca
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Micol Rugi
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Clemens W. G. M. Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3035 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (C.W.G.M.L.)
- Department of Oncology CHUV, UNIL and Ludwig Cancer Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 90126 Bari, Italy; (T.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
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Samaržija I, Dekanić A, Humphries JD, Paradžik M, Stojanović N, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. Integrin Crosstalk Contributes to the Complexity of Signalling and Unpredictable Cancer Cell Fates. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1910. [PMID: 32679769 PMCID: PMC7409212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors composed of α and β subunits that control adhesion, proliferation and gene expression. The integrin heterodimer binding to ligand reorganises the cytoskeletal networks and triggers multiple signalling pathways that can cause changes in cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, survival and motility. In addition, integrins have been identified as targets for many different diseases, including cancer. Integrin crosstalk is a mechanism by which a change in the expression of a certain integrin subunit or the activation of an integrin heterodimer may interfere with the expression and/or activation of other integrin subunit(s) in the very same cell. Here, we review the evidence for integrin crosstalk in a range of cellular systems, with a particular emphasis on cancer. We describe the molecular mechanisms of integrin crosstalk, the effects of cell fate determination, and the contribution of crosstalk to therapeutic outcomes. Our intention is to raise awareness of integrin crosstalk events such that the contribution of the phenomenon can be taken into account when researching the biological or pathophysiological roles of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Ana Dekanić
- Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (J.D.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Mladen Paradžik
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (J.D.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
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P 0-Related Protein Accelerates Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Migration by Modulating VLA-5 Interactions with Fibronectin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051100. [PMID: 32365526 PMCID: PMC7290418 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P0-related protein (PZR), a Noonan and LEOPARD syndrome target, is a member of the transmembrane Immunoglobulin superfamily. Its cytoplasmic tail contains two immune-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), implicated in adhesion-dependent signaling and regulating cell adhesion and motility. PZR promotes cell migration on the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecule, fibronectin, by interacting with SHP-2 (Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2), a molecule essential for skeletal development and often mutated in Noonan and LEOPARD syndrome patients sharing overlapping musculoskeletal abnormalities and cardiac defects. To further explore the role of PZR, we assessed the expression of PZR and its ITIM-less isoform, PZRb, in human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM MSC), and its ability to facilitate adhesion to and spreading and migration on various ECM molecules. Furthermore, using siRNA knockdown, confocal microscopy, and immunoprecipitation assays, we assessed PZR and PZRb interactions with β1 integrins. PZR was the predominant isoform in hBM MSC. Migrating hBM MSCs interacted most effectively with fibronectin and required the association of PZR, but not PZRb, with the integrin, VLA-5(α5β1), leading to modulation of focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and vinculin levels. This raises the possibility that dysregulation of PZR function may modify hBM MSC migratory behavior, potentially contributing to skeletal abnormalities.
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29
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Taylor CP, Harris EW. Analgesia with Gabapentin and Pregabalin May Involve N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors, Neurexins, and Thrombospondins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:161-174. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.266056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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30
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Chen Y, Ou J, Liu Y, Wu Q, Wen L, Zheng S, Li S, Feng Q, Liu L. Transcriptomic analysis of the testicular fusion in Spodoptera litura. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:171. [PMID: 32075574 PMCID: PMC7029529 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lepidoptera is one group of the largest plant-feeding insects and Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most serious agricultural pests in Asia countries. An interesting and unique phenomenon for gonad development of Lepidoptera is the testicular fusion. Two separated testes fused into a single one during the larva-to-pupa metamorphosis, which is believed to contribute to sperm production and the prevalence in field. To study the molecular mechanism of the testicular fusion, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments of the testes from 4-day-old sixth instar larvae (L6D4) (before fusion), 6-day-old sixth instar larvae (L6D6, prepupae) (on fusing) and 4-day-old pupae (P4D) (after fusion) of S. litura were performed. Results RNA-seq data of the testes showed that totally 12,339 transcripts were expressed at L6D4, L6D6 and P4D stages. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated from L6D4 to L6D6, and then more genes were down-regulated from L6D6 to P4D. The DEGs mainly belongs to the genes related to the 20E signal transduction pathway, transcription factors, chitin metabolism related enzymes, the families of cytoskeleton proteins, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, ECM-related protein, its receptor integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes. The expression levels of these genes that were up-regulated significantly during the testicular fusion were verified by qRT-PCR. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were found to be the main enzymes related to the ECM degradation and contribute to the testicular fusion. The testis was not able to fuse if MMPs inhibitor GM6001 was injected into the 5th abdomen region at L6D6 early stage. Conclusions The transcriptome and DEGs analysis of the testes at L6D4, L6D6 and P4D stages provided genes expression information related to the testicular fusion in S. litura. These results indicated that cytoskeleton proteins, ECM-integrin interaction genes and ECM-related proteins were involved in cell migration, adhesion and fusion during the testicular fusion. The ECM degradation enzymes MMPs probably play a critical role in the fusion of testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jun Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Liang Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sichun Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China. .,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China. .,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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31
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Xie X, Luo L, Liang M, Zhang W, Zhang T, Yu C, Wei Z. Structural basis of liprin-α-promoted LAR-RPTP clustering for modulation of phosphatase activity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:169. [PMID: 31924785 PMCID: PMC6954185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are cell adhesion molecules involved in mediating neuronal development. The binding of LAR-RPTPs to extracellular ligands induces local clustering of LAR-RPTPs to regulate axon growth and synaptogenesis. LAR-RPTPs interact with synaptic liprin-α proteins via the two cytoplasmic phosphatase domains, D1 and D2. Here we solve the crystal structure of LAR_D1D2 in complex with the SAM repeats of liprin-α3, uncovering a conserved two-site binding mode. Cellular analysis shows that liprin-αs robustly promote clustering of LAR in cells by both the liprin-α/LAR interaction and the oligomerization of liprin-α. Structural analysis reveals a unique homophilic interaction of LAR via the catalytically active D1 domains. Disruption of the D1/D1 interaction diminishes the liprin-α-promoted LAR clustering and increases tyrosine dephosphorylation, demonstrating that the phosphatase activity of LAR is negatively regulated by forming clusters. Additionally, we find that the binding of LAR to liprin-α allosterically regulates the liprin-α/liprin-β interaction. Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) mediate guided axon growth and synapse formation and liprin-α proteins are their intracellular binding partners. Here the authors present the crystal structure of the phosphatase domains from the LAR-RPTP family member LAR bound to the SAM repeats of liprin-α3 and show that liprin-α binding enhances LAR cluster formation and reduces LAR phosphatase activity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiao Xie
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Mingfu Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China. .,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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32
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Hirose N, Okamoto Y, Yanoshita M, Asakawa Y, Sumi C, Takano M, Nishiyama S, Su SC, Mitsuyoshi T, Kunimatsu R, Tanne K, Tanimoto K. Protective effects of cilengitide on inflammation in chondrocytes under excessive mechanical stress. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:966-974. [PMID: 31876323 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocytes constantly receive external stimuli, which regulates remodeling. An optimal level of mechanical stress is essential for maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis, however, excessive mechanical stress induces inflammatory cytokines and protease, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, excessive mechanical stress is considered to be one of the main causes to cartilage destruction leading to osteoarthritis (OA). Integrins are well-known as cell adhesion molecules and act as receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM), and are believed to control intracellular signaling pathways both physically and chemically as a mechanoreceptor. However, few studies have focused on the roles and functions of integrins in inflammation caused by excessive mechanical stress. In this study, we examined the relationship between integrins (αVβ3 and αVβ5) and the expression of inflammatory factors under mechanical loading in chondrocytes by using an integrin receptor antagonist (cilengitide). Cilengitide suppressed the gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and MMP-13 induced by excessive mechanical stress. In addition, the protein expression of IL1-β and MMP-13 was also inhibited by the addition of cilengitide. Next, we investigated the involvement of intracellular signaling pathways in stress-induced integrin signaling in chondrocytes by using western blotting. The levels of p-FAK, p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 were enhanced by excessive mechanical stress and the enhancement was suppressed by treatment with cilengitide. In conclusion, this study revealed that excessive mechanical stress may activate integrins αVβ3 and αVβ5 on the surface of chondrocytes and thereby induce an inflammatory reaction by upregulating the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-3, and MMP-13 through phosphorylation of FAK and MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hirose
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Yuki Okamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Yanoshita
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Asakawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Chikako Sumi
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mami Takano
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nishiyama
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Shao-Ching Su
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Tomomi Mitsuyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Ryo Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanne
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
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Godoy‐Parejo C, Deng C, Liu W, Chen G. Insulin Stimulates PI3K/AKT and Cell Adhesion to Promote the Survival of Individualized Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1030-1041. [PMID: 31021484 PMCID: PMC6852186 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is present in most maintenance media for human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), but little is known about its essential role in the cell survival of individualized cells during passage. In this article, we show that insulin suppresses caspase cleavage and apoptosis after dissociation. Insulin activates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor and PI3K/AKT cascade to promote cell survival and its function is independent of rho-associated protein kinase regulation. During niche reformation after passaging, insulin activates integrin that is essential for cell survival. IGF receptor colocalizes with focal adhesion complex and stimulates protein phosphorylation involved in focal adhesion formation. Insulin promotes cell spreading on matrigel-coated surfaces and suppresses myosin light chain phosphorylation. Further study showed that insulin is also required for the cell survival on E-cadherin coated surface and in suspension, indicating its essential role in cell-cell adhesion. This work highlights insulin's complex roles in signal transduction and niche re-establishment in hESCs. Stem Cells 2019;37:1030-1041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Godoy‐Parejo
- Centre of Reproduction, Development, and Aging, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development, and Aging, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development, and Aging, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development, and Aging, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARPeople's Republic of China
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Gong YZ, Ruan GT, Liao XW, Wang XK, Liao C, Wang S, Gao F. Diagnostic and prognostic values of integrin α subfamily mRNA expression in colon adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:923-936. [PMID: 31322253 PMCID: PMC6667841 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin α (ITGA) subfamily genes play a fundamental role in various cancers. However, the potential mechanism and application values of ITGA genes in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remain elusive. The present study investigated the significance of the expression of ITGA genes in COAD from the perspective of diagnosis and prognosis. A COAD RNA-sequencing dataset was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The present study investigated the biological function of the ITGA subfamily genes through bioinformatics analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to investigate the distribution of integrin α8 (ITGA8) expression in COAD tumors and adjacent normal tissues. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that ITGA genes were noticeably enriched in cell adhesion and the integrin-mediated signaling pathway, and co-expressed with each other. It was also revealed through observation that the majority of gene expression was significantly low in tumor tissues (P<0.05), and diagnostic receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that most of the genes could serve as significant diagnostic markers in COAD (P<0.05), especially ITGA8 which had a high diagnostic value with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.989 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.980–0.997] in COAD (P<0.0001). In addition, ITGA8 expression was verified in clinical samples and it was revealed that it was higher in adjacent normal tissues (P=0.041) compared to COAD tissues, and the AUC was 0.704 (95% CI, 0.577–0.831; P<0.0085). Multivariate survival analysis indicated that integrin α (ITGA5) may be an independent prognostic indicator for COAD overall survival. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that ITGA5 may participate in multiple biological processes and pathways. The present study revealed that ITGA genes were associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of COAD. The mRNA expression of ITGA8 may be a potential diagnosis biomarker and ITGA5 may serve as an independent prognosis indicator for COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Cun Liao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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35
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Antoniou CK, Manolakou P, Magkas N, Konstantinou K, Chrysohoou C, Dilaveris P, Gatzoulis KA, Tousoulis D. Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy and Cellular Bioenergetics: Effects Beyond Chamber Mechanics. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:33-44. [PMID: 31131035 PMCID: PMC6523053 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of advanced dyssynchronous heart failure. However, despite its widespread clinical application, precise mechanisms through which it exerts its beneficial effects remain elusive. Several studies have pointed to a metabolic component suggesting that, both in concert with alterations in chamber mechanics and independently of them, resynchronisation reverses detrimental changes to cellular metabolism, increasing energy efficiency and metabolic reserve. These actions could partially account for the existence of responders that improve functionally but not echocardiographically. This article will attempt to summarise key components of cardiomyocyte metabolism in health and heart failure, with a focus on the dyssynchronous variant. Both chamber mechanics-related and -unrelated pathways of resynchronisation effects on bioenergetics – stemming from the ultramicroscopic level – and a possible common underlying mechanism relating mechanosensing to metabolism through the cytoskeleton will be presented. Improved insights regarding the cellular and molecular effects of resynchronisation on bioenergetics will promote our understanding of non-response, optimal device programming and lead to better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiota Manolakou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Magkas
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Konstantinou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Polychronis Dilaveris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Gatzoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
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36
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Ramovs V, Secades P, Song JY, Thijssen B, Kreft M, Sonnenberg A. Absence of integrin α3β1 promotes the progression of HER2-driven breast cancer in vivo. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:63. [PMID: 31101121 PMCID: PMC6525362 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2-driven breast cancer is correlated with poor prognosis, especially during its later stages. Numerous studies have shown the importance of the integrin α3β1 during the initiation and progression of breast cancer; however, its role in this disease is complex and often opposite during different stages and in different types of tumors. In this study, we aim to elucidate the role of integrin α3β1 in a genetically engineered mouse model of HER2-driven mammary tumorigenesis. METHODS To investigate the role of α3β1 in HER2-driven tumorigenesis in vivo, we generated a HER2-driven MMTV-cNeu mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis with targeted deletion of Itga3 (Itga3 KO mice). We have further used several established triple-negative and HER2-overexpressing human mammary carcinoma cell lines and generated ITGA3-knockout cells to investigate the role of α3β1 in vitro. Invasion of cells was assessed using Matrigel- and Matrigel/collagen I-coated Transwell assays under static or interstitial fluid flow conditions. The role of α3β1 in initial adhesion to laminin and collagen was assessed using adhesion assays and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Tumor onset in mice was independent of the presence of α3β1. In contrast, the depletion of α3β1 reduced the survival of mice and increased tumor growth and vascularization. Furthermore, Itga3 KO mice were significantly more likely to develop lung metastases and had an increased metastatic burden compared to WT mice. In vitro, the deletion of ITGA3 caused a significant increase in the cellular invasion of HER2-overexpressing SKBR3, AU565, and BT474 cells, but not of triple-negative MDA-MB-231. This invasion suppressing function of α3β1 in HER2-driven cells depended on the composition of the extracellular matrix and the interstitial fluid flow. CONCLUSION Downregulation of α3β1 in a HER2-driven mouse model and in HER2-overexpressing human mammary carcinoma cells promotes progression and invasiveness of tumors. The invasion-suppressive role of α3β1 was not observed in triple-negative mammary carcinoma cells, illustrating the tumor type-specific and complex function of α3β1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ramovs
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Secades
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Department of Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Thijssen
- Oncode Institute and Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Molecular basis for autoinhibition of RIAM regulated by FAK in integrin activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3524-3529. [PMID: 30733287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818880116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RAP1-interacting adapter molecule (RIAM) mediates RAP1-induced integrin activation. The RAS-association (RA) segment of the RA-PH module of RIAM interacts with GTP-bound RAP1 and phosphoinositol 4,5 bisphosphate but this interaction is inhibited by the N-terminal segment of RIAM. Here we report the structural basis for the autoinhibition of RIAM by an intramolecular interaction between the IN region (aa 27-93) and the RA-PH module. We solved the crystal structure of IN-RA-PH to a resolution of 2.4-Å. The structure reveals that the IN segment associates with the RA segment and thereby suppresses RIAM:RAP1 association. This autoinhibitory configuration of RIAM can be released by phosphorylation at Tyr45 in the IN segment. Specific inhibitors of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) blocked phosphorylation of Tyr45, inhibited stimulated translocation of RIAM to the plasma membrane, and inhibited integrin-mediated cell adhesion in a Tyr45-dependent fashion. Our results reveal an unusual regulatory mechanism in small GTPase signaling by which the effector molecule is autoinhibited for GTPase interaction, and a modality of integrin activation at the level of RIAM through a FAK-mediated feedforward mechanism that involves reversal of autoinhibition by a tyrosine kinase associated with integrin signaling.
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38
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Iervolino A, De La Motte LR, Petrillo F, Prosperi F, Alvino FM, Schiano G, Perna AF, Di Matteo D, De Felice M, Capasso G, Trepiccione F. Integrin Beta 1 Is Crucial for Urinary Concentrating Ability and Renal Medulla Architecture in Adult Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1273. [PMID: 30271355 PMCID: PMC6147158 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimers anchoring cells to the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), an active and complex process mediating a series of inside-out and outside-in stimuli regulating cellular turn-over, tissue growth and architecture. Itgb1 is the main subunit of the renal integrins and it is critical for renal development. This study aims to investigate the role of Itgb1 in the adult renal epithelial cells by knocking down Itgb1 in PAX8 expressing cells. Itgb1-Pax8 cKO mice develop a progressively worsening proteinuria and renal abnormalities leading to severe renal failure and hypertension. This phenotype is also associated with severe dysfunction of distal nephron and polyuria. To further investigate whether distal nephron involvement was primarily related to Itgb1 suppression or secondary to renal failure, an Itgb1-AQP2 cKO mouse model was generated. These mice lack Itgb1 expression in AQP2 expressing cells. They do not show any developmental alteration, but 1 month old mice are resistant to dDAVP administration and finally, at 2 months of age, they develop overt polyuria. This phenotype is due to primary collecting duct (CD) cells anoikis. The entire architecture of the outer medulla is altered, with loss of the typical organization pattern of vascular and tubular bundles alternation. Indeed, even though not primarily affected by genetic ablation, the TAL is secondarily affected in this model. It is sufficient to suppress Itgb1 expression in the CD in order to stimulate proliferation and then disappearance of neighboring TAL cells. This study shows that cell to cell interaction through the ECM is critical for architecture and function maintenance of the outer medulla and that Itgb1 is crucial for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iervolino
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Luigi R De La Motte
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Petrillo
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Prosperi
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Guglielmo Schiano
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Alessandra F Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Matteo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario De Felice
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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39
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Pang A, Cui Y, Chen Y, Cheng N, Delaney MK, Gu M, Stojanovic-Terpo A, Zhu C, Du X. Shear-induced integrin signaling in platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, microvesicle release, and coagulation. Blood 2018; 132:533-543. [PMID: 29853537 PMCID: PMC6073322 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-785253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently unclear why agonist-stimulated platelets require shear force to efficiently externalize the procoagulant phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) and release PS-exposed microvesicles (MVs). We reveal that integrin outside-in signaling is an important mechanism for this requirement. PS exposure and MV release were inhibited in β3-/- platelets or by integrin antagonists. The impaired MV release and PS exposure in β3-/- platelets were rescued by expression of wild-type β3 but not a Gα13 binding-deficient β3 mutant (E733EE to AAA), which blocks outside-in signaling but not ligand binding. Inhibition of Gα13 or Src also diminished agonist/shear-dependent PS exposure and MV release, further indicating a role for integrin outside-in signaling. PS exposure in activated platelets was induced by application of pulling force via an integrin ligand, which was abolished by inhibiting Gα13-integrin interaction, suggesting that Gα13-dependent transmission of mechanical signals by integrins induces PS exposure. Inhibition of Gα13 delayed coagulation in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition or platelet-specific knockout of Gα13 diminished laser-induced intravascular fibrin formation in arterioles in vivo. Thus, β3 integrins serve as a shear sensor activating the Gα13-dependent outside-in signaling pathway to facilitate platelet procoagulant function. Pharmacological targeting of Gα13-integrin interaction prevents occlusive thrombosis in vivo by inhibiting both coagulation and platelet thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiming Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ni Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M Keegan Delaney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Dupage Medical Technology, Inc., Willowbrook, IL; and
| | - Minyi Gu
- Dupage Medical Technology, Inc., Willowbrook, IL; and
| | | | - Cheng Zhu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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40
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Hu P, Luo B. The interface between the EGF1 and EGF2 domains is critical in integrin affinity regulation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7264-7273. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Bing‐Hao Luo
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
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41
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Rutherford EJ, Hill ADK, Hopkins AM. Adhesion in Physiological, Benign and Malignant Proliferative States of the Endometrium: Microenvironment and the Clinical Big Picture. Cells 2018; 7:E43. [PMID: 29772648 PMCID: PMC5981267 DOI: 10.3390/cells7050043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the developments in cellular and molecular biology over the last few decades have significantly advanced our understanding of the processes and players that regulate invasive disease, many areas of uncertainty remain. This review will discuss the contribution of dysregulated cell⁻cell and cell⁻matrix adhesion to the invasion in both benign and malignant contexts. Using the endometrium as an illustrative tissue that undergoes clinically significant invasion in both contexts, the adhesion considerations in the cells ("seed") and their microenvironment ("soil") will be discussed. We hope to orientate this discussion towards translational relevance for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial conditions, which are currently associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Rutherford
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Smurfit Building, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Arnold D K Hill
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Smurfit Building, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Ann M Hopkins
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Smurfit Building, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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42
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Cook JH, Ueno N, Lodoen MB. Toxoplasma gondii disrupts β1 integrin signaling and focal adhesion formation during monocyte hypermotility. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3374-3385. [PMID: 29295815 PMCID: PMC5836128 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.793281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The motility of blood monocytes is orchestrated by the activity of cell-surface integrins, which translate extracellular signals into cytoskeletal changes to mediate adhesion and migration. Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that infects migratory cells and enhances their motility, but the mechanisms underlying T. gondii-induced hypermotility are incompletely understood. We investigated the molecular basis for the hypermotility of primary human peripheral blood monocytes and THP-1 cells infected with T. gondii Compared with uninfected monocytes, T. gondii infection of monocytes reduced cell spreading and the number of activated β1 integrin clusters in contact with fibronectin during settling, an effect not observed in monocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Escherichia coli Furthermore, T. gondii infection disrupted the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at tyrosine 397 (Tyr-397) and Tyr-925 and of the related protein proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2) at Tyr-402. The localization of paxillin, FAK, and vinculin to focal adhesions and the colocalization of these proteins with activated β1 integrins were also impaired in T. gondii-infected monocytes. Using time-lapse confocal microscopy of THP-1 cells expressing enhanced GFP (eGFP)-FAK during settling on fibronectin, we found that T. gondii-induced monocyte hypermotility was characterized by a reduced number of enhanced GFP-FAK-containing clusters over time compared with uninfected cells. This study demonstrates an integrin conformation-independent regulation of the β1 integrin adhesion pathway, providing further insight into the molecular mechanism of T. gondii-induced monocyte hypermotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Cook
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Norikiyo Ueno
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Melissa B Lodoen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
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43
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC), produced and released by the adrenal glands, regulate numerous physiological processes in a wide range of tissues. Because of their profound immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, GC are extensively used for the treatment of immune and inflammatory conditions, the management of organ transplantation, and as a component of chemotherapy regimens for cancers. However, both pathologic endogenous elevation and long-term use of exogenous GC are associated with severe adverse effects. In particular, excess GC has devastating effects on the musculoskeletal system. GC increase bone resorption and decrease formation leading to bone loss, microarchitectural deterioration and fracture. GC also induce loss of muscle mass and strength leading to an increased incidence of falls. The combined effects on bone and muscle account for the increased fracture risk with GC. This review summarizes the advance in knowledge in the last two decades about the mechanisms of action of GC in bone and muscle and the attempts to interfere with the damaging actions of GC in these tissues with the goal of developing more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
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44
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Induruwa I, Moroi M, Bonna A, Malcor J, Howes J, Warburton EA, Farndale RW, Jung SM. Platelet collagen receptor Glycoprotein VI-dimer recognizes fibrinogen and fibrin through their D-domains, contributing to platelet adhesion and activation during thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:389-404. [PMID: 29210180 PMCID: PMC5838801 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) binds collagen, starting thrombogenesis, and fibrin, stabilizing thrombi. GPVI-dimers, not monomers, recognize immobilized fibrinogen and fibrin through their D-domains. Collagen, D-fragment and D-dimer may share a common or proximate binding site(s) on GPVI-dimer. GPVI-dimer-fibrin interaction supports spreading, activation and adhesion involving αIIbβ3. SUMMARY Background Platelet collagen receptor Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) binds collagen, initiating thrombogenesis, and stabilizes thrombi by binding fibrin. Objectives To determine if GPVI-dimer, GPVI-monomer, or both bind to fibrinogen substrates, and which region common to these substrates contains the interaction site. Methods Recombinant GPVI monomeric extracellular domain (GPVIex ) or dimeric Fc-fusion protein (GPVI-Fc2 ) binding to immobilized fibrinogen derivatives was measured by ELISA, including competition assays involving collagenous substrates and fibrinogen derivatives. Flow adhesion was performed with normal or Glanzmann thrombasthenic (GT) platelets over immobilized fibrinogen, with or without anti-GPVI-dimer or anti-αIIbβ3. Results Under static conditions, GPVIex did not bind to any fibrinogen substrate. GPVI-Fc2 exhibited specific, saturable binding to both D-fragment and D-dimer, which was inhibited by mFab-F (anti-GPVI-dimer), but showed low binding to fibrinogen and fibrin under our conditions. GPVI-Fc2 binding to D-fragment or D-dimer was abrogated by collagen type III, Horm collagen or CRP-XL (crosslinked collagen-related peptide), suggesting proximity between the D-domain and collagen binding sites on GPVI-dimer. Under low shear, adhesion of normal platelets to D-fragment, D-dimer, fibrinogen and fibrin was inhibited by mFab-F (inhibitor of GPVI-dimer) and abolished by Eptifibatide (inhibitor of αIIbβ3), suggesting that both receptors contribute to thrombus formation on these substrates, but αIIbβ3 makes a greater contribution. Notably, thrombasthenic platelets showed limited adhesion to fibrinogen substrates under flow, which was further reduced by mFab-F, supporting some independent GPVI-dimer involvement in this interaction. Conclusion Only dimeric GPVI interacts with fibrinogen D-domain, at a site proximate to its collagen binding site, to support platelet adhesion/activation/aggregate formation on immobilized fibrinogen and polymerized fibrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Induruwa
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - M. Moroi
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - A. Bonna
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - J.‐D. Malcor
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - J.‐M. Howes
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - E. A. Warburton
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - R. W. Farndale
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - S. M. Jung
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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45
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Moon PG, Lee JE, Cho YE, Lee SJ, Chae YS, Jung JH, Kim IS, Park HY, Baek MC. Fibronectin on circulating extracellular vesicles as a liquid biopsy to detect breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40189-40199. [PMID: 27250024 PMCID: PMC5130002 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from cancer cells have potential for generating cancer biomarker signatures. Fibronectin (FN) was selected as a biomarker candidate, due to the presence in surface on EVs secreted from human breast cancer cell lines. A subsequent study used two types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine the presence of these proteins in plasma samples from disease-free individuals (n=70), patients with BC (n=240), BC patients after surgical resection (n=40), patients with benign breast tumor (n=55), and patients with non-cancerous diseases (thyroiditis, gastritis, hepatitis B, and rheumatoid arthritis; n=80). FN levels were significantly elevated (p<. 0001) at all stages of BC, and returned to normal after tumor removal. The diagnostic accuracy for FN detection in extracellular vesicles (ELISA method 1) (area under the curve, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.86; sensitivity of 65.1% and specificity of 83.2%) were also better than those for FN detection in the plasma (ELISA method 2) (area under the curve, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.83; sensitivity of 69.2% and specificity of 73.3%) in BC. The diagnostic accuracy of plasma FN was similar in both the early-stage BC and all BC patients, as well as in the two sets. This liquid biopsy to detect FN on circulating EVs could be a promising method to detect early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyong-Gon Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Soo Chae
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyang Jung
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KU-KIST School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yong Park
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
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Gao J, Huang M, Lai J, Mao K, Sun P, Cao Z, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Schulte ML, Jin C, Wang J, White GC, Xu Z, Ma YQ. Kindlin supports platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation by interacting with paxillin. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3764-3775. [PMID: 28954813 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.205641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlins play an important role in supporting integrin activation by cooperating with talin; however, the mechanistic details remain unclear. Here, we show that kindlins interacted directly with paxillin and that this interaction could support integrin αIIbβ3 activation. An exposed loop in the N-terminal F0 subdomain of kindlins was involved in mediating the interaction. Disruption of kindlin binding to paxillin by structure-based mutations significantly impaired the function of kindlins in supporting integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Both kindlin and talin were required for paxillin to enhance integrin activation. Interestingly, a direct interaction between paxillin and the talin head domain was also detectable. Mechanistically, paxillin, together with kindlin, was able to promote the binding of the talin head domain to integrin, suggesting that paxillin complexes with kindlin and talin to strengthen integrin activation. Specifically, we observed that crosstalk between kindlin-3 and the paxillin family in mouse platelets was involved in supporting integrin αIIbβ3 activation and in vivo platelet thrombus formation. Taken together, our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which kindlin supports integrin αIIbβ3 activation, which might be beneficial for developing safer anti-thrombotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jingjing Lai
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kaijun Mao
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Peisen Sun
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhongyuan Cao
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Youpei Hu
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Marie L Schulte
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Chaozhi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Gilbert C White
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zhen Xu
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China .,Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yan-Qing Ma
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China .,Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
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47
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Chen Y, Ju L, Rushdi M, Ge C, Zhu C. Receptor-mediated cell mechanosensing. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3134-3155. [PMID: 28954860 PMCID: PMC5687017 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-04-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing depicts the ability of a cell to sense mechanical cues, which under some circumstances is mediated by the surface receptors. In this review, a four-step model is described for receptor-mediated mechanosensing. Platelet GPIb, T-cell receptor, and integrins are used as examples to illustrate the key concepts and players in this process. Mechanosensing describes the ability of a cell to sense mechanical cues of its microenvironment, including not only all components of force, stress, and strain but also substrate rigidity, topology, and adhesiveness. This ability is crucial for the cell to respond to the surrounding mechanical cues and adapt to the changing environment. Examples of responses and adaptation include (de)activation, proliferation/apoptosis, and (de)differentiation. Receptor-mediated cell mechanosensing is a multistep process that is initiated by binding of cell surface receptors to their ligands on the extracellular matrix or the surface of adjacent cells. Mechanical cues are presented by the ligand and received by the receptor at the binding interface; but their transmission over space and time and their conversion into biochemical signals may involve other domains and additional molecules. In this review, a four-step model is described for the receptor-mediated cell mechanosensing process. Platelet glycoprotein Ib, T-cell receptor, and integrins are used as examples to illustrate the key concepts and players in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Chen
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Lining Ju
- Charles Perkins Centre and Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Muaz Rushdi
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Chenghao Ge
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 .,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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48
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吴 杰, 霍 继, 王 东, 汪 春, 吕 梁. [Expression of Wnt and integrin pathways in colorectal laterally spreading tumors and their correlation with endoscopic subtypes]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1234-1241. [PMID: 28951368 PMCID: PMC6765489 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.09.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of Wnt and integrin pathways in colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) and their correlation with the different endoscopic subtypes of LSTs to better understand the special growth mechanism of LSTs. METHODS Fifty-two patients with colorectal LSTs were randomly selected from the cases diagnosed between January 1, 2010 and June 10, 2015 in our hospital, including 37 of nodular mixed type (LST-G-M), 60 of homogeneous type (LST-G-H), 5 of flat elevated type (LST-NG-FE), and 4 of pseudodepressed type (LST-NG-PD). The expression of β-catenin, phospho- GSK-3β, paxillin and ILK in 52 colorectal LSTs and 15 protruded adenomas (PAs) were investigated by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation of β-catenin, phospho-GSK-3β, paxillin and ILK expressions among the endoscopic subtypes of LSTs were analyzed. RESULTS β-catenin expression was significantly higher in LSTs than in Pas (P<0.05). β-catenin, phospho-GSK-3β, paxillin and ILK expressions were significantly higher in LST-NG-PD than in Pas (P<0.05). The expressions of β-catenin, phospho-GSK-3β and ILK expression were significantly correlated in LSTs (P<0.05) but not in PAs (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The macroscopic feature of LST-NG-PD may result from a special mechanism of development distinct from other endoscopic subtypes; ILK may play a role in regulating Wnt signaling in LSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- 杰 吴
- />中南大学湘雅二医院消化内科,湖南 长沙 410011Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - 继荣 霍
- />中南大学湘雅二医院消化内科,湖南 长沙 410011Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - 东 王
- />中南大学湘雅二医院消化内科,湖南 长沙 410011Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - 春莲 汪
- />中南大学湘雅二医院消化内科,湖南 长沙 410011Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - 梁 吕
- />中南大学湘雅二医院消化内科,湖南 长沙 410011Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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49
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Pérez-García MT, Cidad P, López-López JR. The secret life of ion channels: Kv1.3 potassium channels and proliferation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C27-C42. [PMID: 28931540 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00136.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kv1.3 channels are involved in the switch to proliferation of normally quiescent cells, being implicated in the control of cell cycle in many different cell types and in many different ways. They modulate membrane potential controlling K+ fluxes, sense changes in potential, and interact with many signaling molecules through their intracellular domains. From a mechanistic point of view, we can describe the role of Kv1.3 channels in proliferation with at least three different models. In the "membrane potential model," membrane hyperpolarization resulting from Kv1.3 activation provides the driving force for Ca2+ influx required to activate Ca2+-dependent transcription. This model explains most of the data obtained from several cells from the immune system. In the "voltage sensor model," Kv1.3 channels serve mainly as sensors that transduce electrical signals into biochemical cascades, independently of their effect on membrane potential. Kv1.3-dependent proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) could fit this model. Finally, in the "channelosome balance model," the master switch determining proliferation may be related to the control of the Kv1.3 to Kv1.5 ratio, as described in glial cells and also in VSMCs. Since the three mechanisms cannot function independently, these models are obviously not exclusive. Nevertheless, they could be exploited differentially in different cells and tissues. This large functional flexibility of Kv1.3 channels surely gives a new perspective on their functions beyond their elementary role as ion channels, although a conclusive picture of the mechanisms involved in Kv1.3 signaling to proliferation is yet to be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Valladolid , Spain
| | - José R López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Valladolid , Spain
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50
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Structural basis of kindlin-mediated integrin recognition and activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9349-9354. [PMID: 28739949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703064114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlins and talins are integrin-binding proteins that are critically involved in integrin activation, an essential process for many fundamental cellular activities including cell-matrix adhesion, migration, and proliferation. As FERM-domain-containing proteins, talins and kindlins, respectively, bind different regions of β-integrin cytoplasmic tails. However, compared with the extensively studied talin, little is known about how kindlins specifically interact with integrins and synergistically enhance their activation by talins. Here, we determined crystal structures of kindlin2 in the apo-form and the β1- and β3-integrin bound forms. The apo-structure shows an overall architecture distinct from talins. The complex structures reveal a unique integrin recognition mode of kindlins, which combines two binding motifs to provide specificity that is essential for integrin activation and signaling. Strikingly, our structures uncover an unexpected dimer formation of kindlins. Interrupting dimer formation impairs kindlin-mediated integrin activation. Collectively, the structural, biochemical, and cellular results provide mechanistic explanations that account for the effects of kindlins on integrin activation as well as for how kindlin mutations found in patients with Kindler syndrome and leukocyte-adhesion deficiency may impact integrin-mediated processes.
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