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Heemels RE, Ademi S, Hehl M. Test-retest reliability of intrahemispheric dorsal premotor and primary motor cortex dual-site TMS connectivity measures. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 165:64-75. [PMID: 38959537 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigating the optimal interstimulus interval (ISI) and the 24-hour test-retest reliability for intrahemispheric dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) - primary motor cortex (M1) connectivity using dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS). METHODS In 21 right-handed adults, left intrahemispheric PMd-M1 connectivity has been investigated with a stacked-coil dsTMS setup (conditioning stimulus: 75% of resting motor threshold; test stimulus: eliciting MEPs of 1-1.5 mV) at ISIs of 3, 5-8, and 10 ms. Additionally, M1-M1 short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) were investigated to assess comparability to standard paired-pulse setups. RESULTS Conditioning PMd led to significant inhibition of M1 output at ISIs of 3 and 5 ms, whereas 10 ms resulted in facilitation (all, p < 0.001), with a fair test-retest reliability for 3 (ICC: 0.47) and 6 ms (ICC: 0.44) ISIs. Replication of SICI (p < 0.001) and ICF (p = 0.017) was successful, with excellent test-retest reliability for SICI (ICC: 0.81). CONCLUSION This dsTMS setup can probe the inhibitory and facilitatory PMd-M1 connections, as well as reliably replicate SICI and ICF paradigms. SIGNIFICANCE The stacked-coil dsTMS setup for investigating intrahemispheric PMd-M1 connectivity offers promising possibilities to better understand motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Heemels
- Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sian Ademi
- Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melina Hehl
- Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Bardel B, Ayache SS, Lefaucheur JP. The contribution of EEG to assess and treat motor disorders in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 162:174-200. [PMID: 38643612 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroencephalography (EEG) can highlight significant changes in spontaneous electrical activity of the brain produced by altered brain network connectivity linked to inflammatory demyelinating lesions and neuronal loss occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we describe the main EEG findings reported in the literature to characterize motor network alteration in term of local activity or functional connectivity changes in patients with MS (pwMS). METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to include articles with quantitative analyses of resting-state EEG recordings (spectrograms or advanced methods for assessing spatial and temporal dynamics, such as coherence, theory of graphs, recurrent quantification, microstates) or dynamic EEG recordings during a motor task, with or without connectivity analyses. RESULTS In this systematic review, we identified 26 original articles using EEG in the evaluation of MS-related motor disorders. Various resting or dynamic EEG parameters could serve as diagnostic biomarkers of motor control impairment to differentiate pwMS from healthy subjects or be related to a specific clinical condition (fatigue) or neuroradiological aspects (lesion load). CONCLUSIONS We highlight some key EEG patterns in pwMS at rest and during movement, both suggesting an alteration or disruption of brain connectivity, more specifically involving sensorimotor networks. SIGNIFICANCE Some of these EEG biomarkers of motor disturbance could be used to design future therapeutic strategies in MS based on neuromodulation approaches, or to predict the effects of motor training and rehabilitation in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bardel
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique (ENT), EA 4391, F-94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU FIxIT, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Samar S Ayache
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique (ENT), EA 4391, F-94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU FIxIT, F-94010 Creteil, France; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 4504 Byblos, Lebanon; Institut de la Colonne Vertébrale et des NeuroSciences (ICVNS), Centre Médico-Chirurgical Bizet, F-75116 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique (ENT), EA 4391, F-94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU FIxIT, F-94010 Creteil, France.
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3
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Chung YH, Chen SJ, Lee CL, Chang YS. Kokedama and essential oils had a relaxing psychophysiological effect on Taiwanese women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:371-379. [PMID: 37777433 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, we designed an indoor nature activity program for citizens with a relaxing effect similar to forest bathing to promote their physical and mental health. We integrated an indoor horticultural activity (Kokedama) with the breathing of Pseudotsuga menziesii (P. menziesii) and Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) essential oils (EOs) with the goal of creating a nature-inspired environment in an indoor setting where participants would feel as if immersed in a forest atmosphere. METHODS Taiwanese women participated in the experiment, using two Saturday mornings, one Saturday in a university classroom in the city center; and the other Saturday in a workshop in a Suburban Park. Intra-group comparisons were used to assess the Physiological responses to urban and suburban environmental stimuli and measured self-reported psychological responses. We recorded parameters associated with heart-rate variability and brainwaves. We also administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) questionnaire before and after the participants had completed the entire program. RESULTS After the participants had breathed the P. menziesii and L. angustifolia EOs, the levels of some physiological parameters increased (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, normalized high frequency, and high alpha wave) and those of others decreased (normalized low frequency, low- to high-frequency ratio power, high beta wave, and gamma wave). These findings were corroborated by the data from the STAI-S questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS The psychophysiological data from this study provide significant scientific evidence for the health benefits of an indoor nature activity program in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chung
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Jen Chen
- College of Nursing and Health, Kang Ning University, Taipei 11485, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Luug Lee
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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4
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Visani E, Panzica F, Franceschetti S, Golfrè Andreasi N, Cilia R, Rinaldo S, Rossi Sebastiano D, Lanteri P, Eleopra R. Early cortico-muscular coherence and cortical network changes in Parkinson's patients treated with MRgFUS. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1362712. [PMID: 38585361 PMCID: PMC10995240 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1362712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To investigate cortical network changes using Magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy. Methods We evaluated the MEG signals in 16 PD patients with drug-refractory tremor before and after 12-month from MRgFUS unilateral lesion of the ventralis intermediate nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus contralateral to the most affected body side. We recorded patients 24 h before (T0) and 24 h after MRgFUS (T1). We analyzed signal epochs recorded at rest and during the isometric extension of the hand contralateral to thalamotomy. We evaluated cortico-muscular coherence (CMC), the out-strength index from non-primary motor areas to the pre-central area and connectivity indexes, using generalized partial directed coherence. Statistical analysis was performed using RMANOVA and post hoct-tests. Results Most changes found at T1 compared to T0 occurred in the beta band and included: (1) a re-adjustment of CMC distribution; (2) a reduced out-strength from non-primary motor areas toward the precentral area; (3) strongly reduced clustering coefficient values. These differences mainly occurred during motor activation and with few statistically significant changes at rest. Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between changes of out-strength and clustering coefficient in non-primary motor areas and the changes in clinical scores. Discussion One day after MRgFUS thalamotomy, PD patients showed a topographically reordered CMC and decreased cortico-cortical flow, together with a reduced local connection between different nodes. These findings suggest that the reordered cortico-muscular and cortical-networks in the beta band may represent an early physiological readjustment related to MRgFUS Vim lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Visani
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Panzica
- Clinical Engineering, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Franceschetti
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Golfrè Andreasi
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Rinaldo
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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Honkanen EA, Rönkä J, Pekkonen E, Aaltonen J, Koivu M, Eskola O, Eldebakey H, Volkmann J, Kaasinen V, Reich MM, Joutsa J. GPi-DBS-induced brain metabolic activation in cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024; 95:300-308. [PMID: 37758453 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) is a highly efficacious treatment for cervical dystonia, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the brain metabolic effects of GPi-DBS in cervical dystonia. METHODS Eleven patients with GPi-DBS underwent brain 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging during stimulation on and off. Changes in regional brain glucose metabolism were investigated at the active contact location and across the whole brain. Changes in motor symptom severity were quantified using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS), executive function using trail making test (TMT) and parkinsonism using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). RESULTS The mean (SD) best therapeutic response to DBS during the treatment was 81 (22)%. The TWSTRS score was 3.2 (3.9) points lower DBS on compared with off (p=0.02). At the stimulation site, stimulation was associated with increased metabolism, which correlated with DBS stimulation amplitude (r=0.70, p=0.03) but not with changes in motor symptom severity (p>0.9). In the whole brain analysis, stimulation increased metabolism in the GPi, subthalamic nucleus, putamen, primary sensorimotor cortex (PFDR<0.05). Acute improvement in TWSTRS correlated with metabolic activation in the sensorimotor cortex and overall treatment response in the supplementary motor area. Worsening of TMT-B score was associated with activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and parkinsonism with activation in the putamen. CONCLUSIONS GPi-DBS increases metabolic activity at the stimulation site and sensorimotor network. The clinical benefit and adverse effects are mediated by modulation of specific networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Honkanen
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Satasairaala Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Rönkä
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Pekkonen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Aaltonen
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Koivu
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hazem Eldebakey
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Martin M Reich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Dominik T, Mele A, Schurger A, Maoz U. Libet's legacy: A primer to the neuroscience of volition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105503. [PMID: 38072144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The neuroscience of volition is an emerging subfield of the brain sciences, with hundreds of papers on the role of consciousness in action formation published each year. This makes the state-of-the-art in the discipline poorly accessible to newcomers and difficult to follow even for experts in the field. Here we provide a comprehensive summary of research in this field since its inception that will be useful to both groups. We also discuss important ideas that have received little coverage in the literature so far. We systematically reviewed a set of 2220 publications, with detailed consideration of almost 500 of the most relevant papers. We provide a thorough introduction to the seminal work of Benjamin Libet from the 1960s to 1980s. We also discuss common criticisms of Libet's method, including temporal introspection, the interpretation of the assumed physiological correlates of volition, and various conceptual issues. We conclude with recent advances and potential future directions in the field, highlighting modern methodological approaches to volition, as well as important recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfred Mele
- Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, FL, USA
| | | | - Uri Maoz
- Brain Institute, Chapman University, CA, USA
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Alahmadi AAS. The Cerebellum's Orchestra: Understanding the Functional Connectivity of Its Lobes and Deep Nuclei in Coordination and Integration of Brain Networks. Tomography 2023; 9:883-893. [PMID: 37104143 PMCID: PMC10142847 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum, a crucial brain region, significantly contributes to various brain functions. Although it occupies a small portion of the brain, it houses nearly half of the neurons in the nervous system. Previously thought to be solely involved in motor activities, the cerebellum has since been found to play a role in cognitive, sensory, and associative functions. To further elucidate the intricate neurophysiological characteristics of the cerebellum, we investigated the functional connectivity of cerebellar lobules and deep nuclei with 8 major functional brain networks in 198 healthy subjects. Our findings revealed both similarities and differences in the functional connectivity of key cerebellar lobules and nuclei. Despite robust functional connectivity among these lobules, our results demonstrated that they exhibit heterogeneous functional integration with different functional networks. For instance, lobules 4, 5, 6, and 8 were linked to sensorimotor networks, while lobules 1, 2, and 7 were associated with higher-order, non-motor, and complex functional networks. Notably, our study uncovered a lack of functional connectivity in lobule 3, strong connections between lobules 4 and 5 with the default mode networks, and connections between lobules 6 and 8 with the salience, dorsal attention, and visual networks. Additionally, we found that cerebellar nuclei, particularly the dentate cerebellar nuclei, were connected to sensorimotor, salience, language, and default-mode networks. This study provides valuable insights into the diverse functional roles of the cerebellum in cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A S Alahmadi
- Department of Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Chiarenza GA. The psychophysiology of "covert" goal-directed behavior. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 280:17-42. [PMID: 37714571 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Covert behavior is defined as behavior that is not directly visible and is thus comparable to a type of behavioral silence that requires modern psychophysiological techniques to reveal. Goal-directed behavior is teleologically purposive. Fundamentally, there are two approaches to accounting for purposeful behavior. One is the cybernetic approach, which views behavior as homeostatic and largely reflexive. The other one views behavior as a cognitive process that involves an interaction between neural events representing the previous experience, the present state of the individual, and the occurrence of particular features in the environment. This review, based on published data, presents a non-invasive psychophysiological method for investigating the electrical brain activity associated with those "silent" behaviors such as intention, evaluation of results, and memorization. Movement-related potentials (MRPs) are ideal for studying these processes. The MRPs are recorded during the execution of the skilled performance task (SPT). This task requires the execution of fast ballistic movements with the thumbs of both hands, learning a precise and short time interval between the two thumb presses, and scoring the highest number of target performances. The subject receives real-time feedback about the results of his performance. The MRPs associated with this task and present during covert behavior are the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) present before the onset of movement and the Skilled Performance Positivity (SPP) after movement, which coincides with the subject's awareness of the success or failure of his performance. These potentials show a maturational trend, reaching the adult form around the age of 10 when formal and abstract thinking progress. SPT and MRPs are particularly suitable to study neurodevelopmental disorders. Children with developmental dyslexia show abnormal MRPs, both in latency and amplitude, in different brain areas.
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Chung YH, Chen SJ, Lee CL, Wu CW, Chang YS. Relaxing Effects of Breathing Pseudotsuga menziesii and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils on Psychophysiological Status in Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15251. [PMID: 36429972 PMCID: PMC9690885 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of breathing Pseudotsuga menziesii (P. menziesii) and Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) essential oils (EOs) during a horticultural activity on older adults. A total number of 92 older adult (71.2 ± 7.7 years old) participants were guided through a leaf printing procedure. In the meantime, water vapor and EOs were diffused in an orderly manner. The heart rate variability-related parameters as well as the brain waves were recorded. In addition, we also collected data for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) questionnaires before and after the whole indoor natural activity program. The physiological parameters including standard deviation of normal to normal intervals, normalized high frequency (nHF), and high alpha wave increased while the normalized low frequency (nLF), the ratio of LF-to-HF power, high beta wave, and gamma wave decreased following the breathing of P. menziesii and L. angustifolia EOs. These changes indicated a relaxing effect of breathing both EOs during a horticultural activity on older adults. Our results demonstrated a beneficial effect of P. menziesii EO which is as good as a well-known relaxant L. angustifolia EO. This notion was supported by the results of STAI-S. Here we developed an indoor natural activity program for older adults to promote physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chung
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Jen Chen
- College of Nursing and Health, Kang Ning University, Taipei 11485, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Luug Lee
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Hungkuo Delin University of Technology, New Taipei 236354, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Everlo CS, Elting JWJ, Tijssen MA, van der Stouwe AM. Electrophysiological testing aids the diagnosis of tremor and myoclonus in clinically challenging patients. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2022; 7:51-58. [PMID: 35243186 PMCID: PMC8867002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated how clinical neurophysiological testing can help distinguish tremor and myoclonus and their subtypes. Methods We retrospectively analysed clinical and neurophysiological data from patients who had undergone polymyography (EMG + accelerometry) to diagnose suspected tremor or myoclonus. We show a systematic approach, which includes contraction pattern, rhythm regularity, burst duration and evidence of cortical drive. Results We detected 773 patients in our database, of which 556 patients were ultimately diagnosed with tremor (enhanced physiological tremor n = 169, functional tremor n = 140, essential tremor n = 90, parkinsonism associated tremor n = 64, cerebellar tremor n = 19, Holmes tremor n = 12, dystonic tremor n = 8, tremor not further specified n = 9), 140 with myoclonus and 23 with a combination of tremor and myoclonus. Polymyography confirmed the presumptive diagnosis in the majority of the patients and led to a change of diagnosis in 287 patients (37%). Conversions between diagnoses of tremor and myoclonus occurred most frequently between enhanced physiological tremor, essential tremor, functional tremor and cortical myoclonus. Conclusions Neurophysiology is a valuable additional tool in clinical practice to differentiate between tremor and myoclonus, and can guide towards a specific subtype. Significance We show how the stepwise neurophysiological approach used at our medical center aids the diagnosis of tremor versus myoclonus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S.J. Everlo
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem J. Elting
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marina A.J. Tijssen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A.M. Madelein van der Stouwe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
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Hervault M, Zanone PG, Buisson JC, Huys R. Cortical sensorimotor activity in the execution and suppression of discrete and rhythmic movements. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22364. [PMID: 34785710 PMCID: PMC8595306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the engagement of sensorimotor cortices in movement is well documented, the functional relevance of brain activity patterns remains ambiguous. Especially, the cortical engagement specific to the pre-, within-, and post-movement periods is poorly understood. The present study addressed this issue by examining sensorimotor EEG activity during the performance as well as STOP-signal cued suppression of movements pertaining to two distinct classes, namely, discrete vs. ongoing rhythmic movements. Our findings indicate that the lateralized readiness potential (LRP), which is classically used as a marker of pre-movement processing, indexes multiple pre- and in- movement-related brain dynamics in a movement-class dependent fashion. In- and post-movement event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) observed in the Mu (8-13 Hz) and Beta (15-30 Hz) frequency ranges were associated with estimated brain sources in both motor and somatosensory cortical areas. Notwithstanding, Beta ERS occurred earlier following cancelled than actually performed movements. In contrast, Mu power did not vary. Whereas Beta power may reflect the evaluation of the sensory predicted outcome, Mu power might engage in linking perception to action. Additionally, the rhythmic movement forced stop (only) showed a post-movement Mu/Beta rebound, which might reflect an active "clearing-out" of the motor plan and its feedback-based online control. Overall, the present study supports the notion that sensorimotor EEG modulations are key markers to investigate control or executive processes, here initiation and inhibition, which are exerted when performing distinct movement classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Hervault
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR 5549, Pavillon Baudot CHU Purpan, CNRS - Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Pier-Giorgio Zanone
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR 5549, Pavillon Baudot CHU Purpan, CNRS - Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Buisson
- Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - UMR 5505, CNRS - Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Raoul Huys
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR 5549, Pavillon Baudot CHU Purpan, CNRS - Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Aaronson DM, Martinez Del Campo E, Boerger TF, Conway B, Cornell S, Tate M, Mueller WM, Chang EF, Krucoff MO. Understanding Variable Motor Responses to Direct Electrical Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex During Brain Surgery. Front Surg 2021; 8:730367. [PMID: 34660677 PMCID: PMC8517489 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.730367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation of the brain is the gold standard technique used to define functional-anatomical relationships during neurosurgical procedures. Areas that respond to stimulation are considered “critical nodes” of circuits that must remain intact for the subject to maintain the ability to perform certain functions, like moving and speaking. Despite its routine use, the neurophysiology underlying downstream motor responses to electrical stimulation of the brain, such as muscle contraction or movement arrest, is poorly understood. Furthermore, varying and sometimes counterintuitive responses can be seen depending on how and where the stimulation is applied, even within the human primary motor cortex. Therefore, here we review relevant neuroanatomy of the human motor system, provide a brief historical perspective on electrical brain stimulation, explore mechanistic variations in stimulation applications, examine neurophysiological properties of different parts of the motor system, and suggest areas of future research that can promote a better understanding of the interaction between electrical stimulation of the brain and its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Aaronson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Timothy F Boerger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian Conway
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sarah Cornell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matthew Tate
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wade M Mueller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Max O Krucoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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13
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Hallett M, DelRosso LM, Elble R, Ferri R, Horak FB, Lehericy S, Mancini M, Matsuhashi M, Matsumoto R, Muthuraman M, Raethjen J, Shibasaki H. Evaluation of movement and brain activity. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2608-2638. [PMID: 34488012 PMCID: PMC8478902 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical neurophysiology studies can contribute important information about the physiology of human movement and the pathophysiology and diagnosis of different movement disorders. Some techniques can be accomplished in a routine clinical neurophysiology laboratory and others require some special equipment. This review, initiating a series of articles on this topic, focuses on the methods and techniques. The methods reviewed include EMG, EEG, MEG, evoked potentials, coherence, accelerometry, posturography (balance), gait, and sleep studies. Functional MRI (fMRI) is also reviewed as a physiological method that can be used independently or together with other methods. A few applications to patients with movement disorders are discussed as examples, but the detailed applications will be the subject of other articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Rodger Elble
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | | | - Fay B Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Stephan Lehericy
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Team "Movement, Investigations and Therapeutics" (MOV'IT), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Martina Mancini
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing unit, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Raethjen
- Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Preusserstr. 1-9, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Song YH, Lee HM. Effect of Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Bilateral Arm Training in Patients with Chronic Stroke. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081032. [PMID: 34439651 PMCID: PMC8391150 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR)-based therapies are widely used in stroke rehabilitation. Although various studies have used VR techniques for bilateral upper limb training, most have been only semi-immersive and have only been performed in an artificial environment. This study developed VR content and protocols based on activities of daily living to provide immersive VR-based bilateral arm training (VRBAT) for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients. Twelve patients with chronic stroke were randomized to a VRBAT group or a normal bilateral arm training (NBAT) group and attended 30-min training sessions five times a week for four weeks. At the end of the training, there was a significant difference in upper limb function in both groups (p < 0.05) and in the upper limb function sensory test for proprioception in the NBAT group (p < 0.05). There was no significant between-group difference in upper limb muscle activity after training. The relative alpha and beta power values for electroencephalographic measurements were significantly improved in both groups. These findings indicate that both VRBAT and NBAT are effective interventions for improving upper limb function and electroencephalographic activity in patients with chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Song
- Department of Physical Therapy, Seoyeong University, Gwangju 61268, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Honam University, Gwangju 62399, Korea
- Correspondence:
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15
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Leandri G, Schenone A, Leandri M. Detection of movement related cortical potentials in freehand drawing on digital tablet. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 360:109231. [PMID: 34081997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical activity connected to movements has been investigated long since, and is related, among other factors, to saliency of the gesture. However, experiments performed on movements in actual situations are rare, as most of them have been performed in laboratory simulations. Besides, no research seems to have been carried out on subjects during freehand drawing. NEW METHOD We propose a method based upon a commercial drawing tablet and wireless pen, that has been synchronized with EEG recording by means of a piezoelectric sensor attached to the pen tip. Complete freedom of movement is allowed, and any kind of drawing style can be performed using currently available graphics software. RESULTS EEG recordings during meaningful drawing were compared with recordings where the pen was tapped and shifted on tablet without specific purpose. With reference to T0 event (pen touching tablet), several components could be observed in pre- and post-T0 epochs. The most important appeared to be a triphasic wave (N-150, P-40 and N + 30), where P-40 showed a striking difference between drawing and tap session, being much larger in the former. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Onset of muscle EMG is usually employed for synchronization. In complex and free gestures too many muscles are active to allow reliable identification of such reference. Our method provides a precise trigger event easily detected without movement constraints. CONCLUSIONS With this method it will be possible to record EEG activity related to creative aspects of drawing and explore other skilled movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Leandri
- Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132, Genova, Italy; UO Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS. Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Massimo Leandri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132, Genova, Italy.
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16
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Zeugin D, Ionta S. Anatomo-Functional Origins of the Cortical Silent Period: Spotlight on the Basal Ganglia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:705. [PMID: 34071742 PMCID: PMC8227635 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The so-called cortical silent period (CSP) refers to the temporary interruption of electromyographic signal from a muscle following a motor-evoked potential (MEP) triggered by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1). The neurophysiological origins of the CSP are debated. Previous evidence suggests that both spinal and cortical mechanisms may account for the duration of the CSP. However, contextual factors such as cortical fatigue, experimental procedures, attentional load, as well as neuropathology can also influence the CSP duration. The present paper summarizes the most relevant evidence on the mechanisms underlying the duration of the CSP, with a particular focus on the central role of the basal ganglia in the "direct" (excitatory), "indirect" (inhibitory), and "hyperdirect" cortico-subcortical pathways to manage cortical motor inhibition. We propose new methods of interpretation of the CSP related, at least partially, to the inhibitory hyperdirect and indirect pathways in the basal ganglia. This view may help to explain the respective shortening and lengthening of the CSP in various neurological disorders. Shedding light on the complexity of the CSP's origins, the present review aims at constituting a reference for future work in fundamental research, technological development, and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Laboratory (SeMoLa), Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital/Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Franceschetti S, Visani E, Rossi Sebastiano D, Duran D, Granata T, Solazzi R, Varotto G, Canafoglia L, Panzica F. Cortico-muscular and cortico-cortical coherence changes resulting from Perampanel treatment in patients with cortical myoclonus. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:1057-1063. [PMID: 33756404 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms by which Perampanel (PER) reduces the severity of action myoclonus, we studied on MEG signals the changes occurring in cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) and cortico-cortical connectivity in patients with progressive myoclonus epilepsies. METHODS The subjects performed an isometric extension of the hand; CMC and cortico-cortical connectivity were assessed using autoregressive models and generalized partial-directed coherence. The contralateral (Co) sensors showing average CMC values >0.7 of the maximum (set to 1) were grouped as central (C) regions of interest (ROI), while adjacent sensors showing CMC values >0.3 were grouped as Surrounding (Sr) ROIs. RESULTS Under PER treatment, CMC decreased on Co C and Sr ROIs, but also on homologous ipsilateral (Ip) ROIs; out-degrees and betweenness centrality increased in Co ROIs and decreased in Ip ROIs. The flow from Ip to Co ROIs and from activated muscles to Ip C ROI decreased. CONCLUSION The improvement of myoclonus corresponded to decreased CMC and recovered leadership of the cortical regions directly involved in the motor task, with a reduced interference of ipsilateral areas. SIGNIFICANCE Our study highlights on mechanisms suitable to treating myoclonus and suggests the role of a reduced local synchronization together a better control of distant synaptic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franceschetti
- Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - E Visani
- Department of Epileptology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - D Rossi Sebastiano
- Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - D Duran
- Department of Epileptology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - T Granata
- Department of Epileptology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - R Solazzi
- Department of Epileptology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - G Varotto
- Unit of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - L Canafoglia
- Department of Epileptology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - F Panzica
- Unit of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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18
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Disrupted Brain Network Topology in Drug-naïve Essential Tremor Patients with and Without Depression : A Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Clin Neuroradiol 2021; 31:981-992. [PMID: 33687483 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-021-01002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was carried out to investigate brain functional connectome and its potential relationships with the disease severity and emotion function in patients with essential tremor with and without depressive symptoms by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory approaches. METHODS In this study 33 essential tremor patients with depression, 45 essential tremor patients without depression and 79 age and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited to undergo a 3.0‑T imaging scan. The whole brain functional connectome was constructed by thresholding the partial correlation matrices of 116 brain regions, and the topologic properties were analyzed by using graph theory approaches and network-based statistic approaches. Nonparametric permutation test was also used for group comparisons of topological metrics. Correlation analyses between topographic features and the clinical characteristics were performed. RESULTS The functional connectome in both essential tremor patients with and without depression showed abnormalities at the global level (decrease in clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and local efficiency but increase in characteristic path length) and at the nodal level (decrease nodal centralities in the cerebellum, motor cortex, prefrontal-limbic regions, default mode network) (p < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). Moreover, essential tremor patients with depression showed higher node efficiency in superior frontal gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus compared to essential tremor without depression. CONCLUSION Our results may provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of essential tremor patients with and without depression and aid the development of some potential biomarkers of the depressive symptoms in patients with essential tremor.
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19
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Köster H, Müller-Schmitz K, Kolman AGJ, Seitz RJ. Deficient visuomotor hand coordination in normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol 2021; 268:2843-2850. [PMID: 33594453 PMCID: PMC8289764 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate if visuomotor coordination of hand movements is impaired in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) identified by dedicated testing procedures. Methods Forty-seven patients admitted for diagnostic workup for suspected NPH were studied prospectively with MRI, testing of cognitive and motor functions, lumbar puncture, and visuomotor coordination of hand movements using the PABLOR-device before and after a spinal tap of 40–50 ml CSF. Statistical analyses were carried out with repeated measures ANOVA and non-parametric correlation analyses. Results Fourteen patients were found to suffer from ideopathic NPH. They were severely impaired in visuomotor control of intermittent arm movements in comparison to patients who were found not to be affected by NPH (n = 18). In the patients with NPH the deficient arm control was improved after the spinal tap in proportion to the improvement of gait. There was no improvement of cognitive and motor functions in the patients not affected by NPH, while the patients with possible NPH (n = 15) showed intermediate deficit and improvement patterns. Interpretation: Our data underline the importance of a multiparametric assessment of NPH and provide evidence for a motor control deficit in idiopathic NPH involving leg and arm movements. It is suggested that this motor control deficit resulted from an affection of the output tracts from the supplementary motor area in the periventricular vicinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Köster
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Müller-Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aschwin G J Kolman
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger J Seitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Chen J, Zhou X, Lu Q, Jin L, Huang Y. Video electroencephalogram combined with electromyography in the diagnosis of hyperkinetic movement disorders with an unknown cause. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3801-3811. [PMID: 33462635 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnosis of hyperkinetic movement disorders with an unknown cause is usually challenging. The objective of this study is to learn about video electroencephalogram (VEEG) combined with electromyography (EMG) in the diagnosis of hyperkinetic movement disorders with an unknown cause. METHODS We performed an observational cohort study by recruiting consecutive patients with hyperkinetic movements as the main manifestation with an unknown cause for VEEG combined with EMG evaluations. RESULTS A total of 77 consecutive patients were enrolled for VEEG-EMG examination. Among them, 57 patients changed their diagnosis after VEEG-EMG assessment, with a mean final diagnosis age of 35.4 ± 20.3 years (range, 4-74 years). The mean duration between initial and final diagnosis was 54.8 ± 71.3 months (range 0.5-300 months). The most common misdiagnosed hyperkinetic movement disorders were myoclonus (40.4%), followed by tremors (24.6%), dystonia (15.8%), psychogenic movement disorders (10.5%), and periodic leg movement syndrome (PLMS) (7.0%). Outcomes of therapy were significantly improved after VEEG-EMG examination (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous VEEG and EMG are important in the diagnosis of hyperkinetic movement disorders with an unknown cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xiangqin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liri Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China
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Neurodevelopment of Posture-movement Coordination from Late Childhood to Adulthood as Assessed From Bimanual Load-lifting Task: An Event-related Potential Study. Neuroscience 2021; 457:125-138. [PMID: 33428967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In a bimanual task, proprioception provides information about position and movement of upper arms. Developmental studies showed improvement of proprioceptive accuracy and timing adjustments of muscular events from childhood to adulthood in bimanual tasks. However, the cortical maturational changes related to bimanual coordination is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate cortical correlates underlying motor planning and upper limb stabilization performance at left (C3) and right (C4) sensorimotor cortices using event-related potential (ERP) analyses. We recruited 46 participants divided into four groups (12 children: 8-10 years, 13 early adolescents: 11-13 years, 11 late adolescents: 14-16 years and 10 young adults: 20-35 years). Participants performed a bimanual load-lifting task, where the left postural arm supported the load and the right motor arm lifted the load. Maximal amplitude of elbow rotation (MA%) of the postural arm, reaction time (RT) and EMG activity of biceps brachii bilaterally were computed. Laplacian-transformed ERPs of the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal response-locked to motor arm biceps EMG activity onset were analyzed over C3 and C4. We found a developmental effect for behavioral and EEG data denoted by significant decrease of MA% and RT with age, earlier inhibition of the biceps brachii of the postural arm in adults and earlier EEG activation/inhibition onset at C3/C4. Amplitude of the negative wave at C4 was higher in children and early adolescents compared to the other groups. In conclusion, we found a maturational process in cortical correlates related to motor planning and upper limb stabilization performance with interhemispheric lateralization appearing during adolescence. Findings may serve documenting bimanual performance in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Säisänen L, Könönen M, Niskanen E, Lakka T, Lintu N, Vanninen R, Julkunen P, Määttä S. Primary hand motor representation areas in healthy children, preadolescents, adolescents, and adults. Neuroimage 2020; 228:117702. [PMID: 33385558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the organization of the motor representation areas in children and adolescents is not well-known. This cross-sectional study aimed to provide an understanding for the development of the functional motor areas of the upper extremity muscles by studying healthy right-handed children (6-9 years, n = 10), preadolescents (10-12 years, n = 13), adolescents (15-17 years, n = 12), and adults (22-34 years, n = 12). The optimal representation site and resting motor threshold (rMT) for the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) were assessed in both hemispheres using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). Motor mapping was performed at 110% of the rMT while recording the EMG of six upper limb muscles in the hand and forearm. The association between the motor map and manual dexterity (box and block test, BBT) was examined. The mapping was well-tolerated and feasible in all but the youngest participant whose rMT exceeded the maximum stimulator output. The centers-of-gravity (CoG) for individual muscles were scattered to the greatest extent in the group of preadolescents and centered and became more focused with age. In preadolescents, the CoGs in the left hemisphere were located more laterally, and they shifted medially with age. The proportion of hand compared to arm representation increased with age (p = 0.001); in the right hemisphere, this was associated with greater fine motor ability. Similarly, there was less overlap between hand and forearm muscles representations in children compared to adults (p<0.001). There was a posterior-anterior shift in the APB hotspot coordinate with age, and the APB coordinate in the left hemisphere exhibited a lateral to medial shift with age from adolescence to adulthood (p = 0.006). Our results contribute to the elucidation of the developmental course in the organization of the motor cortex and its associations with fine motor skills. It was shown that nTMS motor mapping in relaxed muscles is feasible in developmental studies in children older than seven years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Säisänen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mervi Könönen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eini Niskanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petro Julkunen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
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Exploring the Limitations of Event-Related Potential Measures in Moving Subjects: Pilot Studies of Four Different Technical Modifications in Ergometer Rowing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195618. [PMID: 33019577 PMCID: PMC7583081 DOI: 10.3390/s20195618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Measuring brain activity in moving subjects is of great importance for investigating human behavior in ecological settings. For this purpose, EEG measures are applicable; however, technical modifications are required to reduce the typical massive movement artefacts. Four different approaches to measure EEG/ERPs during rowing were tested: (i) a purpose-built head-mounted preamplifier, (ii) a laboratory system with active electrodes, and a wireless headset combined with (iii) passive or (iv) active electrodes. A standard visual oddball task revealed very similar (within subjects) visual evoked potentials for rowing and rest (without movement). The small intraindividual differences between rowing and rest, in comparison to the typically larger interindividual differences in the ERP waveforms, revealed that ERPs can be measured reliably even in an athletic movement such as rowing. On the other hand, the expected modulation of the motor-related activity by force output was largely affected by movement artefacts. Therefore, for a successful application of ERP measures in movement research, further developments to differentiate between movement-related neuronal activity and movement-related artefacts are required. However, activities with small magnitudes related to motor learning and motor control may be difficult to detect because they are superimposed by the very large motor potential, which increases with force output.
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Altered spontaneous brain activity in essential tremor with and without resting tremor: a resting-state fMRI study. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 34:201-212. [PMID: 32661843 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Essential tremor with resting tremor (rET) often exhibits severer clinical features and more extensive functional impairment than essential tremor without resting tremor (ETwr). However, the pathophysiology of rET is still unclear. This study aims to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to explore the alterations of brain activity between the drug-naïve patients of rET and ETwr. METHODS We recruited 19 patients with rET, 31 patients with ETwr and 25 healthy controls (HCs) to undergo a 3.0-T rs-fMRI examination. The differences of regional brain spontaneous activity between the rET, ETwr and HCs, as well as between total ET (rET + ETwr) and HCs were measured by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF). The relationships between the altered brain measurements and the clinical scores were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with HCs, both ET subgroups showed significantly decreased ALFF or fALFF values in the basal ganglia, inferior orbitofrontal gyrus and insula. The rET group specifically showed decreased ALFF values in the hippocampus and motor cortices, while the ETwr group specifically evidenced increased ALFF and fALFF values in the cerebellum. DISCUSSION Regional spontaneous activity in rET and ETwr share common changes and have differences, which may suggest that the functional activities in the limbic system and cerebellum are different between the two subtypes. Improved insights into rET and ETwr subtypes and the different brain spontaneous activity will be valuable for improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease.
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A new paradigm to study the influence of attentional load on cortical activity for motor preparation of step initiation. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:643-656. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Brain regions associated with periodic leg movements during sleep in restless legs syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1615. [PMID: 32005856 PMCID: PMC6994717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural substrates related to periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) remain uncertain, and the specific brain regions involved in PLMS have not been evaluated. We investigated the brain regions associated with PLMS and their severity using the electroencephalographic (EEG) source localization method. Polysomnographic data, including electromyographic, electrocardiographic, and 19-channel EEG signals, of 15 patients with restless legs syndrome were analyzed. We first identified the source locations of delta-band (2–4 Hz) spectral power prior to the onset of PLMS using a standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography method. Next, correlation analysis was conducted between current densities and PLMS index. Delta power initially and most prominently increased before leg movement (LM) onset in the PLMS series. Sources of delta power at −4~−3 seconds were located in the right pericentral, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal, and cingulate regions. PLMS index was correlated with current densities at the right inferior parietal, temporoparietal junction, and middle frontal regions. In conclusion, our results suggest that the brain regions activated before periodic LM onset or associated with their severity are the large-scale motor network and provide insight into the cortical contribution of PLMS pathomechanism.
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Han YL, Dai ZP, Ridwan MC, Lin PH, Zhou HL, Wang HF, Yao ZJ, Lu Q. Connectivity of the Frontal Cortical Oscillatory Dynamics Underlying Inhibitory Control During a Go/No-Go Task as a Predictive Biomarker in Major Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:707. [PMID: 32848905 PMCID: PMC7416643 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by core functional deficits in cognitive inhibition, which is crucial for emotion regulation. To assess the response to ruminative and negative mood states, it was hypothesized that MDD patients have prolonged disparities in the oscillatory dynamics of the frontal cortical regions across the life course of the disease. METHOD A "go/no-go" response inhibition paradigm was tested in 31 MDD patients and 19 age-matched healthy controls after magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanning. The use of minimum norm estimates (MNE) examined the changes of inhibitory control network which included the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), and left primary motor cortex (lM1). The power spectrum (PS) within each node and the functional connectivity (FC) between nodes were compared between two groups. Furthermore, Pearson correlation was calculated to estimate the relationship between altered FC and clinical features. RESULT PS was significantly reduced in left motor and preSMA of MDD patients in both beta (13-30 Hz) and low gamma (30-50 Hz) bands. Compared to the HC group, the MDD group demonstrated higher connectivity between lM1 and preSMA in the beta band (t = 3.214, p = 0.002, FDR corrected) and showed reduced connectivity between preSMA and rIFG in the low gamma band (t = -2.612, p = 0.012, FDR corrected). The FC between lM1 and preSMA in the beta band was positively correlated with illness duration (r = 0.475, p = 0.005, FDR corrected), while the FC between preSMA and rIFG in the low gamma band was negatively correlated with illness duration (r = -0.509, p = 0.002, FDR corrected) and retardation factor scores (r = -0.288, p = 0.022, uncorrected). CONCLUSION In this study, a clinical neurophysiological signature of cognitive inhibition leading to sustained negative affect as well as functional non-recovery in MDD patients is highlighted. Duration of illness (DI) plays a key role in negative emotional processing, heighten rumination, impulsivity, and disinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lin Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong-Peng Dai
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Chattun Ridwan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pin-Hua Lin
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Fei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu Province Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Neshige S, Kobayashi K, Matsuhashi M, Togo M, Sakamoto M, Shimotake A, Hitomi T, Kikuchi T, Yoshida K, Kunieda T, Matsumoto R, Maruyama H, Takahashi R, Miyamoto S, Ikeda A. A score to map the lateral nonprimary motor area: Multispectrum intrinsic brain activity versus cortical stimulation. Epilepsia 2019; 60:2294-2305. [PMID: 31612479 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multispectrum electrocorticographic components are critical for mapping the nonprimary motor area (NPMA). The objective of this study was to derive and validate a reliable scoring system for electrocorticography-based NPMA mapping (NPMA score) to replace electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) during brain surgery. METHODS We analyzed 14 consecutive epilepsy patients with subdural electrodes implanted in the frontal lobe at Kyoto University Hospital. The NPMA score was retrospectively derived from multivariate analysis in the derivation group (patients = 7, electrodes = 713, during 2010-2013) and validated in the validation group (patients = 7, electrodes = 772, during 2014-2017). We assessed the accuracy and reliability of the score relative to ECS in determining the NPMA and predicting postoperative functional outcomes. RESULTS Multivariate analysis in the derivation group led to an 8-point score for predicting ECS-based NPMA (1 point for anatomical localization of the electrode and 1 or 2 points for movement-related electrocorticographic components regardless of somatotopy in very slow cortical potential shifts [<0.5 Hz], 40-80-Hz band power increase, and 8-24-Hz band power decrease), which was validated in the validation group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.89 in the derivation group. Good prediction (specificity = 94%, sensitivity = 100%) and discrimination (AUC = 0.87) were reproduced in the validation group. Overall, higher NPMA scores identified 2 patients with postoperative deficits after frontal lobe resection. SIGNIFICANCE The NPMA score is reliable for NPMA mapping, potentially replacing ECS. It is a potential prognostic marker for postoperative functional deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Neshige
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Togo
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimotake
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takefumi Hitomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Sarrigiannis PG, Zis P, Unwin ZC, Blackburn DJ, Hoggard N, Zhao Y, Billings SA, Khan AA, Yianni J, Hadjivassiliou M. Tremor after long term lithium treatment; is it cortical myoclonus? CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2019; 6:5. [PMID: 31143451 PMCID: PMC6532190 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-019-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Tremor is a common side effect of treatment with lithium. Its characteristics can vary and when less rhythmical, distinction from myoclonus can be difficult. Methods We identified 8 patients on long-term treatment with lithium that developed upper limb tremor. All patients were assessed clinically and electrophysiologically, with jerk-locked averaging (JLA) and cross-correlation (CC) analysis, and five of them underwent brain MRI examination including spectroscopy (MRS) of the cerebellum. Results Seven patients (6 female) had action and postural myoclonus and one a regular postural and kinetic tremor that persisted at rest. Mean age at presentation was 58 years (range 42-77) after lengthy exposure to lithium (range 7-40 years). During routine monitoring all patients had lithium levels within the recommended therapeutic range (0.4-1 mmol/l). There was clinical and/or radiological evidence (on cerebellar MRS) of cerebellar dysfunction in 6 patients. JLA and/or CC suggested a cortical generator of the myoclonus in seven patients. All seven were on antidepressants and three additionally on neuroleptics, four of them had gluten sensitivity and two reported alcohol abuse. Conclusions A synergistic effect of different factors appears to be contributing to the development of cortical myoclonus after chronic exposure to lithium. We hypothesise that the cerebellum is involved in the generation of cortical myoclonus in these cases and factors aetiologically linked to cerebellar pathology like gluten sensitivity and alcohol abuse may play a role in the development of myoclonus. Despite the very limited evidence in the literature, lithium induced cortical myoclonus may not be so rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ptolemaios Georgios Sarrigiannis
- 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Floor N., Sheffield, UK
| | - Panagiotis Zis
- 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Floor N., Sheffield, UK
| | - Zoe Charlotte Unwin
- 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Floor N., Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel J Blackburn
- 2Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nigel Hoggard
- 3Department of Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yifan Zhao
- 4Through-life Engineering Services Centre, Cranfield University, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
| | - Stephen A Billings
- 5Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK
| | - Aijaz A Khan
- 2Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Yianni
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marios Hadjivassiliou
- 2Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Functional and structural asymmetry in primary motor cortex in Asperger syndrome: a navigated TMS and imaging study. Brain Topogr 2019; 32:504-518. [PMID: 30949863 PMCID: PMC6477009 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Motor functions are frequently impaired in Asperger syndrome (AS). In this study, we examined the motor cortex structure and function using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and correlated the results with the box and block test (BBT) of manual dexterity and physical activity in eight boys with AS, aged 8–11 years, and their matched controls. With nTMS, we found less focused cortical representation areas of distinct hand muscles in AS. There was hemispheric asymmetry in the motor maps, silent period duration and active MEP latency in the AS group, but not in controls. Exploratory VBM analysis revealed less gray matter in the left postcentral gyrus, especially in the face area, and less white matter in the precentral area in AS as compared to controls. On the contrary, in the right leg area, subjects with AS displayed an increased density of gray matter. The structural findings of the left hemisphere correlated negatively with BBT score in controls, whereas the structure of the right hemisphere in the AS group correlated positively with motor function as assessed by BBT. These preliminary functional (neurophysiological and behavioral) findings are indicative of asymmetry, and co-existing structural alterations may reflect the motor impairments causing the deteriorations in manual dexterity and other motor functions commonly encountered in children with AS.
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Disturbed neurovascular coupling in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: Evidence from a comprehensive fMRI analysis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101802. [PMID: 30991623 PMCID: PMC6447740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous studies presumed that the disturbed neurovascular coupling to be a critical risk factor of cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but distinct clinical manifestations were lacked. Consequently, we decided to investigate the neurovascular coupling in T2DM patients by exploring the MRI relationship between neuronal activity and the corresponding cerebral blood perfusion. Methods Degree centrality (DC) map and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) map were used to represent neuronal activity. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) map was used to represent cerebral blood perfusion. Correlation coefficients were calculated to reflect the relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral blood perfusion. Results At the whole gray matter level, the manifestation of neurovascular coupling was investigated by using 4 neurovascular biomarkers. We compared these biomarkers and found no significant changes. However, at the brain region level, neurovascular biomarkers in T2DM patients were significantly decreased in 10 brain regions. ALFF-CBF in left hippocampus and fractional ALFF-CBF in left amygdala were positively associated with the executive function, while ALFF-CBF in right fusiform gyrus was negatively related to the executive function. The disease severity was negatively related to the memory and executive function. The longer duration of T2DM was related to the milder depression, which suggests T2DM-related depression may not be a physiological condition but be a psychological condition. Conclusion Correlations between neuronal activity and cerebral perfusion maps may be a method for detecting neurovascular coupling abnormalities, which could be used for diagnosis in the future. Trial registry number: This study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02420470) on April 2, 2015 and published on July 29, 2015. Multi-modal MRI is a method to reflect neurovascular coupling condition. Neurovascular coupling dysfunction was found in diabetics. The memory, executive function and emotion were disrupted in diabetics. The limbic system, basal ganglia, and prefrontal lobe was damaged in diabetics.
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Neshige S, Kobayashi K, Matsuhashi M, Hitomi T, Shimotake A, Kikuchi T, Yoshida K, Kunieda T, Matsumoto R, Miyamoto S, Takahashi R, Maruyama H, Ikeda A. A rational, multispectral mapping algorithm for primary motor cortex: A primary step before cortical stimulation. Epilepsia 2019; 60:547-559. [PMID: 30790267 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For future artificial intelligence-based brain mapping, development of a rational and safe scoring system for a brain motor mapping algorithm using electrocorticography (ECoG score), which contains various spectral, purely intrinsic brain activities, is necessary for either before or in the absence of electrical cortical stimulation (ECS). METHODS We evaluated 1114 electrodes of 10 consecutive focal epilepsy patients who underwent subdural electrode implantation before epilepsy surgery at Kyoto University Hospital during 2011-2017. Data from ECoG-based mapping (bandpass filter of 0.016-300/600 Hz) to define the primary motor area (M1) localization were used to create an ECoG score (range = 0-4) by assigning 1 point each for the occurrence of ECoG components: very slow movement-related cortical potentials (<0.5-1.0 Hz), event-related synchronization (76-100 Hz or 100-200 Hz), and event-related desynchronization (8-12 Hz or 12-24 Hz). The ECoG score was assessed by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values of the score for localization concordance with M1 defined using only ECS as a reference. RESULTS With an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76, cutoffs of scores of 4 and 1 showed high specificity (94%) and sensitivity (98%) in concordance with ECS-based mapping, respectively. The ECoG score for mapping M1 of the upper limb achieved greater accuracy (AUC = 0.85) compared to that of the face (AUC = 0.64). SIGNIFICANCE The ECoG score proposed in the present study is rational, simple, and useful to define M1, and it is spatially concordant with ECS. Although ECS is still widely employed for presurgical examination, our proposed application of the ECoG score may be suitable for future brain M1 mapping, and possibly beyond M1 mapping, independently of ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Neshige
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takefumi Hitomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimotake
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Noon, Japan
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Solis-Escalante T, van der Cruijsen J, de Kam D, van Kordelaar J, Weerdesteyn V, Schouten AC. Cortical dynamics during preparation and execution of reactive balance responses with distinct postural demands. Neuroimage 2018; 188:557-571. [PMID: 30590120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of the cerebral cortex to human balance control are clearly demonstrated by the profound impact of cortical lesions on the ability to maintain standing balance. The cerebral cortex is thought to regulate subcortical postural centers to maintain upright balance and posture under varying environmental conditions and task demands. However, the cortical mechanisms that support standing balance remain elusive. Here, we present an EEG-based analysis of cortical oscillatory dynamics during the preparation and execution of balance responses with distinct postural demands. In our experiment, participants responded to backward movements of the support surface either with one forward step or by keeping their feet in place. To challenge the postural control system, we applied participant-specific high accelerations of the support surface such that the postural demand was low for stepping responses and high for feet-in-place responses. We expected that postural demand modulated the power of intrinsic cortical oscillations. Independent component analysis and time-frequency domain statistics revealed stronger suppression of alpha (9-13 Hz) and low-gamma (31-34 Hz) rhythms in the supplementary motor area (SMA) when preparing for feet-in-place responses (i.e., high postural demand). Irrespective of the response condition, support-surface movements elicited broadband (3-17 Hz) power increase in the SMA and enhancement of the theta (3-7 Hz) rhythm in the anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and bilateral sensorimotor cortices (M1/S1). Although the execution of reactive responses resulted in largely similar cortical dynamics, comparison between the bilateral M1/S1 showed that stepping responses corresponded with stronger suppression of the beta (13-17 Hz) rhythm in the M1/S1 contralateral to the support leg. Comparison between response conditions showed that feet-in-place responses corresponded with stronger enhancement of the theta (3-7 Hz) rhythm in the PFC. Our results provide novel insights into the cortical dynamics of SMA, PFC, and M1/S1 during the control of human balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Solis-Escalante
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Joris van der Cruijsen
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Digna de Kam
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joost van Kordelaar
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Vivian Weerdesteyn
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Sint Maartenskliniek Research, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred C Schouten
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Omata K, Ito S, Takata Y, Ouchi Y. Similar Neural Correlates of Planning and Execution to Inhibit Continuing Actions. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:951. [PMID: 30631263 PMCID: PMC6315197 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of action is involved in stopping a movement, as well as terminating unnecessary movement during performance of a behavior. The inhibition of single actions, known as response inhibition (Inhibition of the urge to respond before or after actions) has been widely investigated using the go/no-go task and stop signal task. However, few studies focused on phase and volition-related inhibition after an action has been initiated. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of planning and execution underlying the voluntary inhibition of ongoing action. We collected fMRI data while participants performed a continuous finger-tapping task involving voluntary and involuntary (externally directed) inhibition, and during the initiation of movement. The results revealed areas of significantly greater activation during the preparation of inhibition of an ongoing action during voluntary inhibition, compared with involuntary inhibition, in the supplementary (SMA) and pre-supplementary motor areas, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), inferior parietal lobe, bilateral globus pallidus/putamen, bilateral insula and premotor cortex. Focusing on the period of execution of inhibition of ongoing actions, an event-related fMRI analysis revealed significant activation in the SMA, middle cingulate cortex, bilateral insula, right IFG and inferior parietal cortex. Additional comparative analyses suggested that brain activation while participants were planning to inhibit an ongoing action was similar to that during planning to start an action, indicating that the same neural substrates of motor planning may be recruited even when an action is ongoing. The present finding that brain activation associated with inhibiting ongoing actions was compatible with that seen in response inhibition (urge to stop before/after actions) suggests that common inhibitory mechanisms for motor movement are involved in both actual and planned motor action, which makes our behavior keep going seamlessly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Omata
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ito
- Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu PET Imaging Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Youhei Takata
- Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Global Strategic Challenge Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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35
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Fečíková A, Jech R, Čejka V, Čapek V, Šťastná D, Štětkářová I, Mueller K, Schroeter ML, Růžička F, Urgošík D. Benefits of pallidal stimulation in dystonia are linked to cerebellar volume and cortical inhibition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17218. [PMID: 30464181 PMCID: PMC6249276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical benefits of pallidal deep brain stimulation (GPi DBS) in dystonia increase relatively slowly suggesting slow plastic processes in the motor network. Twenty-two patients with dystonia of various distribution and etiology treated by chronic GPi DBS and 22 healthy subjects were examined for short-latency intracortical inhibition of the motor cortex elicited by paired transcranial magnetic stimulation. The relationships between grey matter volume and intracortical inhibition considering the long-term clinical outcome and states of the GPi DBS were analysed. The acute effects of GPi DBS were associated with a shortening of the motor response whereas the grey matter of chronically treated patients with a better clinical outcome showed hypertrophy of the supplementary motor area and cerebellar vermis. In addition, the volume of the cerebellar hemispheres of patients correlated with the improvement of intracortical inhibition which was generally less effective in patients than in controls regardless of the DBS states. Importantly, good responders to GPi DBS showed a similar level of short-latency intracortical inhibition in the motor cortex as healthy controls whereas non-responders were unable to increase it. All these results support the multilevel impact of effective DBS on the motor networks in dystonia and suggest potential biomarkers of responsiveness to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fečíková
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Čejka
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Čapek
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Šťastná
- Department of Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Štětkářová
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karsten Mueller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Filip Růžička
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Urgošík
- Department of Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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36
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Wang P, Luo X, Zhong C, Yang L, Guo F, Yu N. Resting state fMRI reveals the altered synchronization of BOLD signals in essential tremor. J Neurol Sci 2018; 392:69-76. [PMID: 30025236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders in humans. Nevertheless, there remain several controversies surrounding ET, such as whether it is a disorder of abnormal neuronal oscillations within the tremor network. In this work, the resting-state fMRI data were collected from 17 ET patients and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. First, using FOur-dimensional (spatiotemporal) Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA) the abnormal synchronization of fMRI signals in ET patients were investigated. Then, global functional connectivity intensity (gFCI) and density (gFCD) were analyzed in the regions exhibiting significant FOCA differences. Compared with healthy controls, patients with ET showed the increased FOCA values found in the bilateral cuneus, the left lingual gyrus, the left paracentral lobule, the right middle temporal gyrus, the bilateral precentral gyrus, the right postcentral gyrus, the pallidum and putamen. Decreased FOCA values in ET patients were located in the frontal gyrus, the bilateral anterior cingulate and the medial dorsal nucleus of right thalamus. In ET patients, significant changes in gFCI and gFCD were located in the cuneus, the middle temporal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. Changes in gFCI were also found in the medial frontal gyrus and thalamus in addition to changes in gFCD in the precentral gyrus. Our results provided further evidence that ET might present with abnormal spontaneous activity in the tremor network, including motor-related cotex, basal ganglia and thalamus, as well as distributed non-motor areas. This work also demonstrated that FOCA and functional connectivity have the potential to provide important insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongzhou People's Hospital, Chongzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangdong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengqing Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuqiang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nengwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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37
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Yao J, Dewald JPA. The Increase in Overlap of Cortical Activity Preceding Static Elbow/Shoulder Motor Tasks Is Associated With Limb Synergies in Severe Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2018; 32:624-634. [PMID: 29890871 DOI: 10.1177/1545968318781028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The loss of independent joint control, clinically referred to as limb synergies, is prevalent in the paretic upper limb of individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. To understand the underlying neural mechanisms, we previously reported that an increased overlap of cortical representations of shoulder/elbow could contribute to the abnormal poststroke synergies. However, these previous results were limited to a fixed time window just before the onset of motor tasks. Questions such as (1) how this overlap develops during motor preparation and (2) whether such development is also linked to upper limb synergies, remain unclear. To answer these questions, we investigated cortical overlap during motor preparation of isometric shoulder and elbow torque generation tasks in healthy individuals (n = 8), and individuals with moderate to severe chronic hemiparesis following a subcortical stroke (n = 12). We found a significant group difference in how the cortical overlap developed. In the healthy control and moderately impaired stroke groups, cortical overlap between shoulder and elbow motor tasks decreased during the motor preparation; however, this overlap increased in individuals with severe stroke. Furthermore, the rate of cortical overlap decrease/increase was linked to the upper limb Fugl-Meyer scores and limb synergies. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that the increase in overlap of the cortical activity during motor preparation is associated with the expression of synergies in the paretic upper limb of severely impaired poststroke individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- 1 Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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38
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Fujimoto H, Mihara M, Hattori N, Hatakenaka M, Yagura H, Kawano T, Miyai I, Mochizuki H. Neurofeedback-induced facilitation of the supplementary motor area affects postural stability. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:045003. [PMID: 29152530 PMCID: PMC5680482 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy-mediated neurofeedback (NIRS-NFB) is a promising therapeutic intervention for patients with neurological diseases. Studies have shown that NIRS-NFB can facilitate task-related cortical activation and induce task-specific behavioral changes. These findings indicate that the effect of neuromodulation depends on local cortical function. However, when the target cortical region has multiple functions, our understanding of the effects is less clear. This is true in the supplementary motor area (SMA), which is involved both in postural control and upper-limb movement. To address this issue, we investigated the facilitatory effect of NIRS SMA neurofeedback on cortical activity and behavior, without any specific task. Twenty healthy individuals participated in real and sham neurofeedback. Balance and hand dexterity were assessed before and after each NIRS-NFB session. We found a significant interaction between assessment periods (pre/post) and condition (real/sham) with respect to balance as assessed by the center of the pressure path length but not for hand dexterity as assessed by the 9-hole peg test. SMA activity only increased during real neurofeedback. Our findings indicate that NIRS-NFB itself has the potential to modulate focal cortical activation, and we suggest that it be considered a therapy to facilitate the SMA for patients with postural impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Fujimoto
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Mihara
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Kawasaki Medical School, Department of Neurology, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hattori
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Megumi Hatakenaka
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Yagura
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teiji Kawano
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Miyai
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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39
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Yang Y, Guliyev B, Schouten AC. Dynamic Causal Modeling of the Cortical Responses to Wrist Perturbations. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:518. [PMID: 28955197 PMCID: PMC5601387 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical perturbations applied to the wrist joint typically evoke a stereotypical sequence of cortical and muscle responses. The early cortical responses (<100 ms) are thought be involved in the "rapid" transcortical reaction to the perturbation while the late cortical responses (>100 ms) are related to the "slow" transcortical reaction. Although previous studies indicated that both responses involve the primary motor cortex, it remains unclear if both responses are engaged by the same effective connectivity in the cortical network. To answer this question, we investigated the effective connectivity cortical network after a "ramp-and-hold" mechanical perturbation, in both the early (<100 ms) and late (>100 ms) periods, using dynamic causal modeling. Ramp-and-hold perturbations were applied to the wrist joint while the subject maintained an isometric wrist flexion. Cortical activity was recorded using a 128-channel electroencephalogram (EEG). We investigated how the perturbation modulated the effective connectivity for the early and late periods. Bayesian model comparisons suggested that different effective connectivity networks are engaged in these two periods. For the early period, we found that only a few cortico-cortical connections were modulated, while more complicated connectivity was identified in the cortical network during the late period with multiple modulated cortico-cortical connections. The limited early cortical network likely allows for a rapid muscle response without involving high-level cognitive processes, while the complexity of the late network may facilitate coordinated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Neuromuscular Control Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of TechnologyDelft, Netherlands.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, United States
| | - Bekir Guliyev
- Neuromuscular Control Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of TechnologyDelft, Netherlands
| | - Alfred C Schouten
- Neuromuscular Control Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of TechnologyDelft, Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of TwenteEnschede, Netherlands
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40
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Gavazzi G, Orsolini S, Rossi A, Bianchi A, Bartolini E, Nicolai E, Soricelli A, Aiello M, Diciotti S, Viggiano MP, Mascalchi M. Alexithymic trait is associated with right IFG and pre-SMA activation in non-emotional response inhibition in healthy subjects. Neurosci Lett 2017; 658:150-154. [PMID: 28827128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Event-related fMRI studies have explored emotion inhibitory processes in alexithymic individuals and have demonstrated abnormal BOLD activations in the processing of emotional stimuli. So far, no study has explored the relationship between the alexithymic trait and the general inhibition process, namely utilizing stimuli devoid of emotional valence. In this study 26 healthy subjects were administered the Toronto Alexithymic Scale (TAS-20) questionnaire to measure the alexithymic trait and performed an event related Go/Nogo task build up with letters during fMRI acquisition. We found no correlation between the TAS-20 z-score and the reaction times during the Go/Nogo task. Conversely, we observed a positive correlation between the degree of alexithymic trait -measured with the TAS-20 and the Nogo-Go activation of the right Inferior Frontal Gyrus and the right pre-Supplementary Motor Area. These data suggest that the general process of response inhibition may be modulated by the individual degree of alexithymic trait. We propose that such a relationship could reflect a compensatory mechanism implemented by participants with higher degree of alexithymic trait to reach a correct inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Gavazzi
- "Mario Serio" Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Orsolini
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Arianna Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianchi
- "Mario Serio" Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit, "A. Meyer" Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Aiello
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Diciotti
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mario Mascalchi
- "Mario Serio" Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit, "A. Meyer" Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
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41
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Kukleta M, Damborská A, Turak B, Louvel J. Evoked potentials in final epoch of self-initiated hand movement: A study in patients with depth electrodes. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 117:119-125. [PMID: 28499987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Comparison between the intended and performed motor action can be expected to occur in the final epoch of a voluntary movement. In search for electrophysiological correlates of this mental process the purpose of the current study was to identify intracerebral sites activated in final epoch of self-paced voluntary movement. Intracerebral EEG was recorded from 235 brain regions of 42 epileptic patients who performed self-paced voluntary movement task. Evoked potentials starting at 0 to 243ms after the peak of averaged, rectified electromyogram were identified in 21 regions of 13 subjects. The mean amplitude value of these late movement potentials (LMP) was 56.4±27.5μV. LMPs were observed in remote regions of mesiotemporal structures, cingulate, frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Closely before the LMP onset, a significant increase of phase synchronization was observed in all EEG record pairs in 9 of 10 examined subjects; p<0.001, Mann-Whitney U test. In conclusion, mesiotemporal structures, cingulate, frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices seem to represent integral functionally linked parts of network activated in final epoch of self-paced voluntary movement. Activation of this large-scale neuronal network was suggested to reflect a comparison process between the intended and actually performed motor action. Our results contribute to better understanding of neural mechanisms underlying goal-directed behavior crucial for creation of agentive experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Kukleta
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Damborská
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Baris Turak
- Service de Neurochirurgie Stéréotaxique, Hôpital Ste Anne, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Louvel
- Service de Neurochirurgie Stéréotaxique, Hôpital Ste Anne, Paris, France
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42
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Balconi M, Cortesi L, Crivelli D. Motor planning and performance in transitive and intransitive gesture execution and imagination: Does EEG (RP) activity predict hemodynamic (fNIRS) response? Neurosci Lett 2017; 648:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Maezawa H. Cortical Mechanisms of Tongue Sensorimotor Functions in Humans: A Review of the Magnetoencephalography Approach. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:134. [PMID: 28400725 PMCID: PMC5368248 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue plays important roles in a variety of critical human oral functions, including speech production, swallowing, mastication and respiration. These sophisticated tongue movements are in part finely regulated by cortical entrainment. Many studies have examined sensorimotor processing in the limbs using magnetoencephalography (MEG), which has high spatiotemporal resolution. Such studies have employed multiple methods of analysis, including somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs), movement-related cortical fields (MRCFs), event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) associated with somatosensory stimulation or movement and cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) during sustained movement. However, the cortical mechanisms underlying the sensorimotor functions of the tongue remain unclear, as contamination artifacts induced by stimulation and/or muscle activity within the orofacial region complicates MEG analysis in the oral region. Recently, several studies have obtained MEG recordings from the tongue region using improved stimulation methods and movement tasks. In the present review, we provide a detailed overview of tongue sensorimotor processing in humans, based on the findings of recent MEG studies. In addition, we review the clinical applications of MEG for sensory disturbances of the tongue caused by damage to the lingual nerve. Increased knowledge of the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying tongue sensorimotor processing may improve our understanding of the cortical entrainment of human oral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maezawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
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44
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Raux M, Demoule A, Redolfi S, Morelot-Panzini C, Similowski T. Reduced Phrenic Motoneuron Recruitment during Sustained Inspiratory Threshold Loading Compared to Single-Breath Loading: A Twitch Interpolation Study. Front Physiol 2016; 7:537. [PMID: 27891099 PMCID: PMC5102887 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, inspiratory constraints engage cortical networks involving the supplementary motor area. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) shows that the spread and intensity of the corresponding respiratory-related cortical activation dramatically decrease when a discrete load becomes sustained. This has been interpreted as reflecting motor cortical reorganization and automatisation, but could proceed from sensory and/or affective habituation. To corroborate the existence of motor reorganization between single-breath and sustained inspiratory loading (namely changes in motor neurones recruitment), we conducted a diaphragm twitch interpolation study based on the hypothesis that motor reorganization should result in changes in the twitch interpolation slope. Fourteen healthy subjects (age: 21–40 years) were studied. Bilateral phrenic stimulation was delivered at rest, upon prepared and targeted voluntary inspiratory efforts (“vol”), upon unprepared inspiratory efforts against a single-breath inspiratory threshold load (“single-breath”), and upon sustained inspiratory efforts against the same type of load (“continuous”). The slope of the relationship between diaphragm twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure and the underlying transdiaphragmatic pressure was −1.1 ± 0.2 during “vol,” −1.5 ± 0.7 during “single-breath,” and −0.6 ± 0.4 during “continuous” (all slopes expressed in percent of baseline.percent of baseline−1) all comparisons significant at the 5% level. The contribution of the diaphragm to inspiration, as assessed by the gastric pressure to transdiaphragmatic pressure ratio, was 31 ± 17% during “vol,” 22 ± 16% during “single-breath” (p = 0.13), and 19 ± 9% during “continuous” (p = 0.0015 vs. “vol”). This study shows that the relationship between the amplitude of the transdiaphragmatic pressure produced by a diaphragm twitch and its counterpart produced by the underlying diaphragm contraction is not unequivocal. If twitch interpolation is interpreted as reflecting motoneuron recruitment, this study supports motor reorganization compatible with “diaphragm sparing” when an inspiratory threshold load becomes sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Raux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et cliniqueParis, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Département d'Anesthésie-RéanimationParis, France
| | - Alexandre Demoule
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et cliniqueParis, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale (Département"R3S")Paris, France
| | - Stefania Redolfi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et cliniqueParis, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département "R3S")Paris, France
| | - Capucine Morelot-Panzini
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et cliniqueParis, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale (Département"R3S")Paris, France
| | - Thomas Similowski
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et cliniqueParis, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale (Département"R3S")Paris, France
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45
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Franceschetti S, Canafoglia L, Rotondi F, Visani E, Granvillano A, Panzica F. The network sustaining action myoclonus: a MEG-EMG study in patients with EPM1. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:214. [PMID: 27821136 PMCID: PMC5100097 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the cortical network sustaining action myoclonus and to found markers of the resulting functional impairment, we evaluated the distribution of the cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) and the frequency of coherent cortical oscillations with magnetoencephalography (MEG). All patients had EPM1 (Unverricht-Lundborg) disease known to present with prominent and disabling movement-activated myoclonus. Methods Using autoregressive models, we evaluated CMC on MEG sensors grouped in regions of interests (ROIs) above the main cortical areas. The movement was a repeated sustained isometric extension of the right hand and right foot. We compared the data obtained in 10 EPM1 patients with those obtained in 10 age-matched controls. Results As expected, CMC in beta band was significantly higher in EPM1 patients compared to controls in the ROIs exploring the sensorimotor cortex, but, it was also significantly higher in adjacent ROIs ipsilateral and contralateral to the activated limb. Moreover, the beta-CMC peak occurred at frequencies significantly slower and more stable frequencies in EPM1 patients with respect to controls. The frequency of the beta-CMC peak inversely correlated with the severity of myoclonus. Conclusions the high and spatially extended beta-CMC peaking in a restricted range of low-beta frequencies in EPM1 patients, suggest that action myoclonus may result not only from an enhanced local synchronization but also from a specific oscillatory activity involving an expanded neuronal pool. The significant relationship between beta-CMC peak frequency and the severity of the motor impairment can represent a useful neurophysiological marker for the patients’ evaluation and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Franceschetti
- Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Centre, C. Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Centre, C. Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Rotondi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Centre, C. Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Visani
- Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Centre, C. Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Granvillano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Centre, C. Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Panzica
- Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Centre, C. Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Borggraefe I, Catarino CB, Rémi J, Vollmar C, Peraud A, Winkler PA, Noachtar S. Lateralization of cortical negative motor areas. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:3314-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Spring JN, Place N, Borrani F, Kayser B, Barral J. Movement-Related Cortical Potential Amplitude Reduction after Cycling Exercise Relates to the Extent of Neuromuscular Fatigue. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:257. [PMID: 27313522 PMCID: PMC4887485 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced fatigue affects the motor control and the ability to generate a given force or power. Surface electroencephalography allows researchers to investigate movement-related cortical potentials (MRCP), which reflect preparatory brain activity 1.5 s before movement onset. Although the MRCP amplitude appears to increase after repetitive single-joint contractions, the effects of large-muscle group dynamic exercise on such pre-motor potential remain to be described. Sixteen volunteers exercised 30 min at 60% of the maximal aerobic power on a cycle ergometer, followed by a 10-km all-out time trial. Before and after each of these tasks, knee extensor neuromuscular function was investigated using maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) combined with electrical stimulations of the femoral nerve. MRCP was recorded during 60 knee extensions after each neuromuscular sequence. The exercise resulted in a significant decrease in the knee extensor MVC force after the 30-min exercise (−10 ± 8%) and the time trial (−21 ± 9%). The voluntary activation level (VAL; −6 ± 8 and −12 ± 10%), peak twitch (Pt; −21 ± 16 and −32 ± 17%), and paired stimuli (P100 Hz; −7 ± 11 and −12 ± 13%) were also significantly reduced after the 30-min exercise and the time trial. The first exercise was followed by a decrease in the MRCP, mainly above the mean activity measured at electrodes FC1-FC2, whereas the reduction observed after the time trial was related to the FC1-FC2 and C2 electrodes. After both exercises, the reduction in the late MRCP component above FC1-FC2 was significantly correlated with the reduction in P100 Hz (r = 0.61), and the reduction in the same component above C2 was significantly correlated with the reduction in VAL (r = 0.64). In conclusion, large-muscle group exercise induced a reduction in pre-motor potential, which was related to muscle alterations and resulted in the inability to produce a maximal voluntary contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Nicolas Spring
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Barral
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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Launois C, Attali V, Georges M, Raux M, Morawiec E, Rivals I, Arnulf I, Similowski T. Cortical Drive to Breathe during Wakefulness in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Sleep 2015; 38:1743-9. [PMID: 26158887 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) involves recurrent sleep-related upper airways (UA) collapse. UA mechanical properties and neural control are altered, imposing a mechanical load on inspiration. UA collapse does not occur during wakefulness, hence arousal-dependent compensation. Experimental inspiratory loading in normal subjects elicits respiratory-related cortical activity. The objective of this study was to test whether awake OSAS patients would exhibit a similar cortical activity. DESIGN Descriptive physiology study. SETTING Sleep laboratory in a large university affiliated tertiary hospital. PATIENTS 26 patients with moderate OSAS according to polysomnography (5 < apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≤ 30, n = 14) or severe OSAS (AHI > 30, n = 12); 13 non-OSAS patients for comparison. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS Respiratory time-locked electroencephalographic segments ensemble averaged and analyzed for slow premotor potentials preceding inspiration ("pre-inspiratory potentials" [PIPs]). RESULTS PIPs were present in 1/13 controls and 11/26 patients (P = 0.0336; 4/14 "moderate" and 7/12 "severe" patients). Awake OSAS patients therefore exhibit respiratory-related cortical activity during quiet breathing significantly more frequently than non-OSAS individuals. The corresponding PIPs resemble those observed during prepared voluntary inspirations and in response to experimental inspiratory loads in normal subjects, which involve a cortical network comprising the supplementary motor area. CONCLUSIONS A respiratory-related cortical activity could contribute to the increased neural drive to upper airway and to inspiratory muscles that has previously been described in obstructive sleep apnea, and could therefore contribute to the arousal-dependent compensation of upper airway abnormalities. Whether or not such cortical compensatory mechanisms have cognitive consequences remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Launois
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France
| | - Valérie Attali
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département "R3S"), Paris, France
| | - Marjolaine Georges
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Raux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Surveillance Post-Interventionnelle et d'Accueil des Polytraumatisés (Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation), Paris, France
| | - Elise Morawiec
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale (Département "R3S"), Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rivals
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département "R3S"), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Similowski
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale (Département "R3S"), Paris, France
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Fang W, Chen H, Wang H, Zhang H, Puneet M, Liu M, Lv F, Luo T, Cheng O, Wang X, Lu X. Essential tremor is associated with disruption of functional connectivity in the ventral intermediate Nucleus--Motor Cortex--Cerebellum circuit. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:165-78. [PMID: 26467643 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical benefits of targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) for the treatment of tremors in essential tremor (ET) patients suggest that the VIM is a key hub in the network of tremor generation and propagation and that the VIM can be considered as a seed region to study the tremor network. However, little is known about the central tremor network in ET patients. Twenty-six ET patients and 26 matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. After considering structural and head-motion factors and establishing the accuracy of our seed region, a VIM seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) data was performed to characterize the VIM FC network in ET patients. We found that ET patients and HCs shared a similar VIM FC network that was generally consistent with the VIM anatomical connectivity network inferred from normal nonhuman primates and healthy humans. Compared with HCs, ET patients displayed VIM-related FC changes, primarily within the VIM-motor cortex (MC)-cerebellum (CBLM) circuit, which included decreased FC in the CBLM and increased FC in the MC. Importantly, tremor severity correlated with these FC changes. These findings provide the first evidence that the pathological tremors observed in ET patients might be based on a physiologically pre-existing VIM - MC - CBLM network and that disruption of FC in this physiological network is associated with ET. Further, these findings demonstrate a potential approach for elucidating the neural network mechanisms underlying this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Fang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiyue Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hansheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Munankami Puneet
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fajin Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyou Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiurong Lu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Dynamic causal modelling of EEG and fMRI to characterize network architectures in a simple motor task. Neuroimage 2015; 124:498-508. [PMID: 26334836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) has extended the understanding of brain network dynamics in a variety of functional systems. In the motor system, DCM studies based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or on magneto-/electroencephalography (M/EEG) have demonstrated movement-related causal information flow from secondary to primary motor areas and have provided evidence for nonlinear cross-frequency interactions among motor areas. The present study sought to investigate to what extent fMRI- and EEG-based DCM might provide complementary and synergistic insights into neuronal network dynamics. Both modalities share principal similarities in the formulation of the DCM. Thus, we hypothesized that DCM based on induced EEG responses (DCM-IR) and on fMRI would reveal congruent task-dependent network dynamics. Brain electrical (63-channel surface EEG) and Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signals were recorded in separate sessions from 14 healthy participants performing simple isometric right and left hand grips. DCM-IR and DCM-fMRI were used to estimate coupling parameters modulated by right and left hand grips within a core motor network of six regions comprising bilateral primary motor cortex (M1), ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and supplementary motor area (SMA). We found that DCM-fMRI and DCM-IR similarly revealed significant grip-related increases in facilitatory coupling between SMA and M1 contralateral to the active hand. A grip-dependent interhemispheric reciprocal inhibition between M1 bilaterally was only revealed by DCM-fMRI but not by DCM-IR. Frequency-resolved coupling analysis showed that the information flow from contralateral SMA to M1 was predominantly a linear alpha-to-alpha (9-13Hz) interaction. We also detected some cross-frequency coupling from SMA to contralateral M1, i.e., between lower beta (14-21Hz) at the SMA and higher beta (22-30Hz) at M1 during right hand grip and between alpha (9-13Hz) at SMA and lower beta (14-21Hz) at M1 during left hand grip. In conclusion, the strategy of informing EEG source-space configurations with fMRI-derived coordinates, cross-validating basic connectivity maps and analysing frequency coding allows for deeper insight into the motor network architecture of the human brain. The present results provide evidence for the robustness of non-invasively measured causal information flow from secondary motor areas such as SMA towards M1 and further contribute to the validation of the methodological approach of multimodal DCM to explore human network dynamics.
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