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Ha J, Choi S, Moon S, Han J, Lee J, Park SS, Wang SM, Han S, Min CK. Dementia Incidence in Survivors of Multiple Myeloma: A National Case-Control Study Conducted in Korea (The CAREMM-2106 Study). CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2024:S2152-2650(24)00294-5. [PMID: 39242305 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia, a growing global health issue, affects older adults and specific groups like long-term cancer survivors. The link between cancer survival and dementia is debated. Multiple myeloma (MM), a common blood cancer in older adults, is often linked with cognitive issues. This study investigated dementia incidence in long-term MM survivors using Korean national data. METHODS A retrospective case-control study used data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS), covering about 50 million Koreans. Patients diagnosed with MM between 2009 and 2020 formed the case cohort, while the control cohort included matched individuals without MM using propensity-score matching. Analyzing baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status, the primary outcome was dementia incidence identified via ICD-10 codes. Statistical methods included Kaplan-Meier plots, cause-specific and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models, and a 3-year landmark analysis for immortal time bias. RESULTS The study included 33,864 patients, with 16,932 in each cohort. The overall cumulative dementia incidence was lower in the MM cohort compared to controls. However, in the first 3 years, MM patients had a higher dementia risk (HR: 1.711, 95% CI, 1.562-1.874) than controls. After 3 years, the risk significantly decreased (HR: 0.625, 95% CI, 0.560-0.696). Age-specific analysis showed a consistent pattern, particularly among MM patients aged 70-79, where dementia risk increased post-3 years. CONCLUSION This study reveals a lower long-term dementia risk in MM survivors compared to non-MM individuals. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Ha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suein Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Pharmacometrics Institute for Practical Education and Training (PIPET), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulji Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Pharmacometrics Institute for Practical Education and Training (PIPET), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseon Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Pharmacometrics Institute for Practical Education and Training (PIPET), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyoon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Pharmacometrics Institute for Practical Education and Training (PIPET), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seunghoon Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Pharmacometrics Institute for Practical Education and Training (PIPET), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Su Z, Tavana O, Gu W. Understanding the complexity of p53 in a new era of tumor suppression. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:946-967. [PMID: 38729160 PMCID: PMC11190820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
p53 was discovered 45 years ago as an SV40 large T antigen binding protein, coded by the most frequently mutated TP53 gene in human cancers. As a transcription factor, p53 is tightly regulated by a rich network of post-translational modifications to execute its diverse functions in tumor suppression. Although early studies established p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence as the classic barriers in cancer development, a growing number of new functions of p53 have been discovered and the scope of p53-mediated anti-tumor activity is largely expanded. Here, we review the complexity of different layers of p53 regulation, and the recent advance of the p53 pathway in metabolism, ferroptosis, immunity, and others that contribute to tumor suppression. We also discuss the challenge regarding how to activate p53 function specifically effective in inhibiting tumor growth without harming normal homeostasis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Šetinc M, Celinšćak Ž, Bočkor L, Zajc Petranović M, Stojanović Marković A, Peričić Salihović M, Deelen J, Škarić-Jurić T. The role of longevity-related genetic variant interactions as predictors of survival after 85 years of age. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111926. [PMID: 38484896 PMCID: PMC11166054 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have identified several genetic variants that might play a role in achieving longevity. This study investigates interactions between pairs of those single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their effect on survival above the age of 85 in a sample of 327 Croatian individuals. Although none of the SNPs individually showed a significant effect on survival in this sample, 14 of the 359 interactions tested (between SNPs not in LD) reached the level of nominal significance (p<0.05), showing a potential effect on late-life survival. Notably, SH2B3 rs3184504 interacted with different SNPs near TERC, TP53 rs1042522 with different SNPs located near the CDKN2B gene, and CDKN2B rs1333049 with different SNPs in FOXO3, as well as with LINC02227 rs2149954. The other interaction pairs with a possible effect on survival were FOXO3 rs2802292 and ERCC2 rs50871, IL6 rs1800795 and GHRHR rs2267723, LINC02227 rs2149954 and PARK7 rs225119, as well as PARK7 rs225119 and PTPN1 rs6067484. These interactions remained significant when tested together with a set of health-related variables that also had a significant effect on survival above 85 years. In conclusion, our results confirm the central role of genetic regulation of insulin signalling and cell cycle control in longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šetinc
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | | | - Luka Bočkor
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Joris Deelen
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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Xing C, Zeng Z, Shan Y, Guo W, Shah R, Wang L, Wang Y, Du H. A Network Pharmacology-based Study on the Anti-aging Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sisheng Bulao Elixir. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1840-1849. [PMID: 38178682 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073276253231114063813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a rich history of use in preventing senescence for millennia in China. Nonetheless, a systematic method to study the antiaging properties and the underlying molecular mechanism of TCM remains absent. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to decipher the anti-aging targets and mechanisms of Sisheng Bulao Elixir (SBE) using a systematic approach based on a novel aging database and network pharmacology. METHODS Bioactive compounds and target proteins in SBE were identified via the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Aging-related proteins were uncovered through alignment with the Ageing Alta database. A compound-target (CT) protein network analysis highlighted key flavonoids targeting aging. Core aging-related proteins were extracted through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Molecular docking validated binding activities between core compounds and aging-related proteins. The antioxidant activity of SBE was confirmed using an in vitro senescent cells model. RESULTS A total of 39 active compounds were extracted from a pool of 639 compounds in SBE. Through a matching process with the Aging Alta, 88 target proteins associated with the aging process were identified. Impressively, 80 out of these 88 proteins were found to be targeted by flavonoids. Subsequently, an analysis using CT methodology highlighted 11 top bioactive flavonoids. Notably, core aging-related proteins, including AKT1, MAPK3, TP53, VEGFA, IL6, and HSP90AA1, emerged through the PPI network analysis. Moreover, three flavonoids, namely quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin, exhibited interactions with over 100 aging-related proteins. Molecular docking studies were conducted on these flavonoids with their shared three target proteins, namely AKT1, HSP90AA1, and IL6, to assess their binding activities. Finally, the antioxidant properties of SBE were validated using an in vitro model of senescent cells. CONCLUSION This study offers novel insights into SBE's anti-aging attributes, providing evidence of its molecular mechanisms. It enhances our understanding of traditional remedies in anti-aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cencan Xing
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zehua Zeng
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubang Shan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhuan Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Roshan Shah
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Luna Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hongwu Du
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Genetic scores for predicting longevity in the Croatian oldest-old population. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279971. [PMID: 36735720 PMCID: PMC9897585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Longevity is a hallmark of successful ageing and a complex trait with a significant genetic component. In this study, 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen from the literature and genotyped in a Croatian oldest-old sample (85+ years, sample size (N) = 314), in order to determine whether any of these SNPs have a significant effect on reaching the age thresholds for longevity (90+ years, N = 212) and extreme longevity (95+ years, N = 84). The best models were selected for both survival ages using multivariate logistic regression. In the model for reaching age 90, nine SNPs explained 20% of variance for survival to that age, while the 95-year model included five SNPs accounting for 9.3% of variance. The two SNPs that showed the most significant association (p ≤ 0.01) with longevity were TERC rs16847897 and GHRHR rs2267723. Unweighted and weighted Genetic Longevity Scores (uGLS and wGLS) were calculated and their predictive power was tested. All four scores showed significant correlation with age at death (p ≤ 0.01). They also passed the ROC curve test with at least 50% predictive ability, but wGLS90 stood out as the most accurate score, with a 69% chance of accurately predicting survival to the age of 90.
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Voskarides K, Giannopoulou N. The Role of TP53 in Adaptation and Evolution. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030512. [PMID: 36766853 PMCID: PMC9914165 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 gene is a major player in cancer formation, and it is considered the most important tumor suppressor gene. The p53 protein acts as a transcription factor, and it is involved in DNA repair, senescence, cell-cycle control, autophagy, and apoptosis. Beyond cancer, there is evidence that TP53 is associated with fertility, aging, and longevity. Additionally, more evidence exists that genetic variants in TP53 are associated with environmental adaptation. Special TP53 amino-acid residues or pathogenic TP53 mutations seem to be adaptive for animals living in hypoxic and cold environments or having been exposed to starvation, respectively. At the somatic level, it has recently been proven that multiple cancer genes, including TP53, are under positive selection in healthy human tissues. It is not clear why these driver mutations do not transform these tissues into cancerous ones. Other studies have shown that elephants have multiple TP53 copies, probably this being the reason for the very low cancer incidence in these large animals. This may explain the famous Peto's paradox. This review discusses in detail the multilevel role of TP53 in adaptation, according to the published evidence. This role is complicated, and it extends from cells to individuals and to populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Voskarides
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22-471-819
| | - Nefeli Giannopoulou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Zhang DD, Ou YN, Yang L, Ma YH, Tan L, Feng JF, Cheng W, Yu JT. Investigating the association between cancer and dementia risk: a longitudinal cohort study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:146. [PMID: 36199128 PMCID: PMC9533604 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies found that cancer survivors had a reduced risk of dementia compared with the general population. However, these findings were uncertain because of survivor bias and a lack of stratification by cancer types. This current cohort study used data from the UK Biobank to explore these associations. METHODS Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to examine the association of cancer status and the risk of dementia with its subtypes after adjusting for age and sex. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as a measure of relative risk by comparing observed dementia incidence among cancer patients. RESULTS We included 263,151 participants in the observational analysis. During a median follow-up of 9.18 years, dementia was diagnosed in 472 individuals with cancer and 3685 individuals without cancer, respectively. Cancer patients had lower risks of dementia (hazard ratio: 0.89, confidence interval: 0.81-0.98) and its subtypes (Alzheimer's disease [AD]: 0.85 [0.74-0.98]; vascular dementia [VD]: 0.81 [0.66-0.99]) in the Cox regression adjusted for age and sex. Individuals with cancers in the male genital system had substantially reduced risks of dementia (0.66 [0.46-0.93]) and AD (0.53 [0.29-0.97]) than those with cancers in other systems. Moreover, non-melanoma skin cancer and prostate cancer were associated with a reduced risk of dementia (0.79 [0.62-0.99]; 0.69 [0.49-0.97]), but not with AD or VD (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The current study supported a negative association between cancer and dementia risk, and encourages further exploration of the mechanistic basis of this inverse relationship to improve understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th WulumuqiZhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12th WulumuqiZhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Aliberti SM, Funk RHW, Schiavo L, Giudice A, Ciaglia E, Puca AA, Gonnella J, Capunzo M. Clinical Status, Nutritional Behavior, and Lifestyle, and Determinants of Community Well-Being of Patients from the Perspective of Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study of Young Older Adults, Nonagenarians, and Centenarians in Salerno and Province, Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173665. [PMID: 36079922 PMCID: PMC9459717 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity is rightly considered one of the greatest achievements of modern society. Biomedical research has shown that aging is the major risk factor for many diseases, so to find the right answers to aging it is necessary to identify factors that can positively influence longevity. This study investigated the clinical status, nutritional behavior, lifestyle, and social and community determinants of the well-being of young older adults and nonagenarians/centenarians in Salerno and province through the judgment of their physicians. Data were collected through an online survey. Multivariate Poisson and logistic regression models were used to calculate significant predictors of the outcomes of interest. The interesting finding was that cardiovascular disease was a risk factor for young older adults, while it was a protective factor for nonagenarians/centenarians, meaning that as age increased, heart problems tended to decrease. Certain foods were found to be a significant protective factor for both young older adult and nonagenarian-centenarian patients. In addition, psychosomatic disorders were found to be determinant for the young older adults, while depression was a risk factor for the nonagenarians/centenarians because they were not always gratified by their long lives and often felt like a burden on the family. The protective significant variable among the determinants of community well-being for both young older adults and nonagenarians/centenarians was the retention of honorary achievement. Based on our results, we are able to support the hypothesis of a difference between the young older adults and the nonagenarians/centenarians in clinical status, nutritional behaviors, lifestyle, and determinants of community well-being. However, societies need more social and educational programs that are able to build "a new idea of old age" by improving and supporting the young older adults and the nonagenarians/centenarians, with the goal of intergenerational solidarity, well-being, and social inclusion, as well as preventive interventions on lifestyles and nutrition, which will allow us to provide a new key to understanding aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Mirella Aliberti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-965227
| | - Richard H. W. Funk
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Anatomy, University of Technology (TU) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Aldo Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)—“Fond. G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Joseph Gonnella
- Center for Medical Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Complex Operational Unit Health Hygiene, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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Voskarides K, Koutsofti C, Pozova M. TP53 Mutant Versus Wild-Type Zebrafish Larvae Under Starvation Stress: Larvae Can Live Up to 17 Days Post-Fertilization Without Food. Zebrafish 2022; 19:49-55. [PMID: 35417275 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an experimental protocol has been developed for comparing survival rates of mutant and wild-type zebrafish larvae under extreme starvation. Zebrafish larvae were placed in 96-well plates at fourth day postfertilization (dpf) and larvae were not fed at all from hatching to cease. Zdf1 zebrafish line was used, a strain carrying the (cancer) pathogenic TP53-M214K amino acid substitution. TP53-M214 corresponds to the human TP53-M246 and both residues are located on the DNA-binding domain of the p53 protein. Survival statistical analysis did not show any significant difference in the overall survival rates between homozygous mutant and wild-type larvae. When considering 15 dpf as the endpoint of the experiment (66% of larvae died), a borderline statistical significance was observed for the dominant model of inheritance (p = 0.015; relative hazard = 0.8320). Despite the fact yolk sac of larvae is depleted at 7-8 dpf, 34% of larvae survive until 15 dpf and 1.5% until 17 dpf. Concluding, three main results derive from this study: (1) pathogenic homozygous mutations in TP53 probably do not alter survival rates of zebrafish larvae under starvation; (2) zebrafish larvae can live up to 17 dpf without food, surviving only with their initial nutritional supplies; and (3) an easy and affordable protocol has been developed for estimating survival rates of zebrafish larvae under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantina Koutsofti
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Pozova
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Fischer F, Grigolon G, Benner C, Ristow M. Evolutionarily conserved transcription factors as regulators of longevity and targets for geroprotection. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1449-1494. [PMID: 35343830 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for many debilitating conditions, including heart diseases, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. While far from understood in its full complexity, it is scientifically well-established that aging is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and can be modulated by various interventions. One of aging's early hallmarks are aberrations in transcriptional networks, controlling for example metabolic homeostasis or the response to stress. Evidence in different model organisms abounds that a number of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, which control such networks, can affect lifespan and healthspan across species. These transcription factors thus potentially represent conserved regulators of longevity and are emerging as important targets in the challenging quest to develop treatments to mitigate age-related diseases, and possibly even to slow aging itself. This review provides an overview of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that impact longevity or age-related diseases in at least one multicellular model organism (nematodes, flies, or mice), and/or are tentatively linked to human aging. Discussed is the general evidence for transcriptional regulation of aging and disease, followed by a more detailed look at selected transcription factor families, the common metabolic pathways involved, and the targeting of transcription factors as a strategy for geroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Grigolon
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Benner
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Bin-Jumah MN, Nadeem MS, Gilani SJ, Al-Abbasi FA, Ullah I, Alzarea SI, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Uddin A, Murtaza BN, Kazmi I. Genes and Longevity of Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1499. [PMID: 35163422 PMCID: PMC8836117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased the average human lifespan worldwide. Several environmental and physiological factors contribute to the aging process. However, about 40% human life expectancy is inherited among generations, many lifespan associated genes, genetic mechanisms and pathways have been demonstrated during last decades. In the present review, we have evaluated many human genes and their non-human orthologs established for their role in the regulation of lifespan. The study has included more than fifty genes reported in the literature for their contributions to the longevity of life. Intact genomic DNA is essential for the life activities at the level of cell, tissue, and organ. Nucleic acids are vulnerable to oxidative stress, chemotherapies, and exposure to radiations. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity, damaged DNA is not replicated and transferred to next generations rather the presence of deleterious DNA initiates signaling cascades leading to the cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation and DNA damage can eventually lead towards apoptosis. The importance of calorie restriction therapy in the extension of lifespan has also been discussed. The role of pathways involved in the regulation of lifespan such as DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box protein O1), TOR and JNK pathways has also been particularized. The study provides an updated account of genetic factors associated with the extended lifespan and their interactive contributory role with cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aziz Uddin
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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12
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Lodhi N, Singh R, Rajput SP, Saquib Q. SARS-CoV-2: Understanding the Transcriptional Regulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and the Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) at Codon 72 of p53 in the Innate Immune Response against Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8660. [PMID: 34445373 PMCID: PMC8395432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ACE2 and the serine protease TMPRSS2 of novel SARS-CoV-2 are primary entry receptors in host cells. Expression of these genes at the transcriptional level has not been much discussed in detail. The ISRE elements of the ACE2 promoter are a binding site for the ISGF3 complex of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. TMPRSS2, including IFNβ, STAT1, and STAT2, has the PARP1 binding site near to TSS either up or downstream promoter region. It is well documented that PARP1 regulates gene expression at the transcription level. Therefore, to curb virus infection, both promoting type I IFN signaling to boost innate immunity and prevention of virus entry by inhibiting PARP1, ACE2 or TMPRSS2 are safe options. Most importantly, our aim is to attract the attention of the global scientific community towards the codon 72 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of p53 and its underneath role in the innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we discuss codon 72 SNP of human p53's role in the different innate immune response to restrict virus-mediated mortality rate only in specific parts of the world. In addition, we discuss potential targets and emerging therapies using bioengineered bacteriophage, anti-sense, or CRISPR strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Lodhi
- Clinical Research (Research and Development Division) miRNA Analytics LLC, Harlem Bio-Space, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rubi Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | | | - Quaiser Saquib
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
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13
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The Changes in the p53 Protein across the Animal Kingdom Point to Its Involvement in Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168512. [PMID: 34445220 PMCID: PMC8395165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the quest for the mythical fountain of youth has produced extensive research programs that aim to extend the healthy lifespan of humans. Despite advances in our understanding of the aging process, the surprisingly extended lifespan and cancer resistance of some animal species remain unexplained. The p53 protein plays a crucial role in tumor suppression, tissue homeostasis, and aging. Long-lived, cancer-free African elephants have 20 copies of the TP53 gene, including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles), which are partially active, whereas humans possess only one copy of TP53 and have an estimated cancer mortality rate of 11–25%. The mechanism through which p53 contributes to the resolution of the Peto’s paradox in Animalia remains vague. Thus, in this work, we took advantage of the available datasets and inspected the p53 amino acid sequence of phylogenetically related organisms that show variations in their lifespans. We discovered new correlations between specific amino acid deviations in p53 and the lifespans across different animal species. We found that species with extended lifespans have certain characteristic amino acid substitutions in the p53 DNA-binding domain that alter its function, as depicted from the Phenotypic Annotation of p53 Mutations, using the PROVEAN tool or SWISS-MODEL workflow. In addition, the loop 2 region of the human p53 DNA-binding domain was identified as the longest region that was associated with longevity. The 3D model revealed variations in the loop 2 structure in long-lived species when compared with human p53. Our findings show a direct association between specific amino acid residues in p53 protein, changes in p53 functionality, and the extended animal lifespan, and further highlight the importance of p53 protein in aging.
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14
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Haupt S, Haupt Y. Cancer and Tumour Suppressor p53 Encounters at the Juncture of Sex Disparity. Front Genet 2021; 12:632719. [PMID: 33664771 PMCID: PMC7920968 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many differences in cancer manifestation between men and women. New understanding of the origin of these point to fundamental distinctions in the genetic code and its demise. Tumour suppressor protein p53 is the chief operating officer of cancer defence and critically acts to safeguard against sustained DNA damaged. P53 cannot be ignored in cancer sex disparity. In this review we discuss the greater prevalence and associated death rates for non-reproductive cancers in males. The major tumour suppressor protein p53, encoded in the TP53 gene is our chosen context. It is fitting to ask why somatic TP53 mutation incidence is estimated to be disproportionately higher among males in the population for these types of cancers compared with females? We scrutinised the literature for evidence of predisposing genetic and epigenetic alterations that may explain this sex bias. Our second approach was to explore whether redox activity, either externally imposed or inherent to males and females, may define distinct risks that could contribute to the clear cancer sex disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Lanni C, Masi M, Racchi M, Govoni S. Cancer and Alzheimer's disease inverse relationship: an age-associated diverging derailment of shared pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:280-295. [PMID: 32382138 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies show an inverse association between cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is debated whether this association is the consequence of biological mechanisms shared by both these conditions or may be related to the pharmacological treatments carried out on the patients. The latter hypothesis, however, is not sustained by the available evidence. Hence, the focus of this review is to analyze common biological mechanisms for both cancer and AD and to build up a biological theory useful to explain the inverse correlation between AD and cancer. The review proposes a hypothesis, according to which several molecular players, prominently PIN1 and p53, have been investigated and considered involved in complex molecular interactions putatively associated with the inverse correlation. On the other hand, p53 involvement in both diseases seems to be a consequence of the aberrant activation of other proteins. Instead, PIN1 may be identified as a novel key regulator at the crossroad between cancer and AD. PIN1 is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization, thus regulating the conformation of different protein substrates after phosphorylation and modulating protein function. In particular, trans-conformations of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and tau are functional and "healthy", while cis-conformations, triggered after phosphorylation, are pathogenic. As an example, PIN1 accelerates APP cis-to-trans isomerization thus favoring the non-amyloidogenic pathway, while, in the absence of PIN1, APP is processed through the amyloidogenic pathway, thus predisposing to neurodegeneration. Furthermore, a link between PIN1 and tau regulation has been found, since when PIN1 function is inhibited, tau is hyperphosphorylated. Data from brain specimens of subjects affected by mild cognitive impairment and AD have revealed a very low PIN1 expression. Moreover, polymorphisms in PIN1 promoter correlated with an increased PIN1 expression are associated with a delay of sporadic AD age of onset, while a polymorphism related to a reduced PIN1 expression is associated with a decreased risk of multiple cancers. In the case of dementias, in particular of Alzheimer's disease, new biological markers and targets based on the discussed players can be developed based on a theoretical approach relying on different grounds compared to the past. An unbiased expansion of the rationale and of the targets may help to achieve in the field of neurodegenerative dementias similar advances to those attained in the case of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirco Masi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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16
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Genetic variation in APOE, GRN, and TP53 are phenotype modifiers in frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 99:99.e15-99.e22. [PMID: 32972771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical, genetic, and pathologic heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of APOƐ4, rs5848 in GRN, and rs1042522 in TP53 gene as disease risk factors and/or phenotype modifiers in 440 FTD patients, including 175 C9orf72 expansion carriers. We found that the C9orf72 expansion carriers showing an earlier age at onset (p < 0.001). Among the clinical groups, the FTD-MND (motoneuron disease) showed the lowest survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.12), and the progressive nonfluent aphasia group showed the highest onset age (p = 0.03). In our cohort, the rs1042522 in TP53 was associated with disease onset (p = 0.02) and survival (HR = 1.73) and rs5848 GRN with a significantly shorter survival in CC homozygous patients (HR = 1.98). The frequency of APOƐ4 carriers was significantly increased in the C9orf72 noncarriers (p = 0.022). Although validation of our findings is necessary, our results suggest that TP53, GRN, and APOE genes may act as phenotype modifiers in FTD and should be considered in future clinical trials.
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17
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles involved in lipid metabolism and cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal function is central to fatty acid oxidation, ether phospholipid synthesis, bile acid synthesis, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Human disorders caused by genetic mutations in peroxisome genes have led to extensive studies on peroxisome biology. Peroxisomal defects are linked to metabolic dysregulation in diverse human diseases, such as neurodegeneration and age-related disorders, revealing the significance of peroxisome metabolism in human health. Cancer is a disease with metabolic aberrations. Despite the critical role of peroxisomes in cell metabolism, the functional effects of peroxisomes in cancer are not as well recognized as those of other metabolic organelles, such as mitochondria. In addition, the significance of peroxisomes in cancer is less appreciated than it is in degenerative diseases. In this review, I summarize the metabolic pathways in peroxisomes and the dysregulation of peroxisome metabolism in cancer. In addition, I discuss the potential of inactivating peroxisomes to target cancer metabolism, which may pave the way for more effective cancer treatment.
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18
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Martínez Corrales G, Alic N. Evolutionary Conservation of Transcription Factors Affecting Longevity. Trends Genet 2020; 36:373-382. [PMID: 32294417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of older people is resulting in an increased prevalence of age-related diseases. Research has shown that the ageing process itself is a potential point of intervention. Indeed, gene expression can be optimised for health in older ages through manipulation of transcription factor (TF) activity. This review is focused on the ever-growing number of TFs whose effects on ageing are evolutionarily conserved. These regulate a plethora of functions, including stress resistance, metabolism, and growth. They are engaged in complex interactions within and between different cell types, impacting the physiology of the entire organism. Since ageing is not programmed, the conservation of their effects on lifespan is most likely a reflection of the conservation of their functions in youth.
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19
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Naidoo P, Naidoo RN, Ramkaran P, Chuturgoon AA. Effect of maternal HIV infection, BMI and NOx air pollution exposure on birth outcomes in South African pregnant women genotyped for the p53 Pro72Arg (rs1042522). Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:414-429. [PMID: 32080966 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumour suppressor protein, p53, plays a role in modulating innate immune responses, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis. Maternal nitrogen oxide (NOx) air pollution exposure, body mass index (BMI), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and p53 Pro72Arg (rs1042522) affect foetal growth. We investigated whether the aforementioned factors influence birth outcomes in a South African population. Pregnant women (n = 300; HIV -ve = 194 and HIV +ve = 106) were genotyped for the p53 rs1042522 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and further stratified based on HIV status, infants' birthweight (BW; NBW: normal BW [>2,500 g] and LBW: low BW [<2,500 g]) and gestational age (GA; NGA: normal GA [>37 weeks] and PTB: preterm birth [≤37 weeks]). A land use regression model was developed to characterize maternal NOx exposure. Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression analysis statistical tests were used to determine the effect of rs1042522 genotyped pregnant women's BMI and NOx exposure on maternal blood pressure and haemoglobin and iron levels, and infants' anthropometric measurements and Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity and Respiration (APGAR) scores. The prevalence of LBW and PTB was 14.7% and 18.7%, respectively. The LBW group had a higher frequency of the variant Arg-allele versus NBW group (47.7% vs. 31.4%, p = .0046, OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.26-3.17). No association was observed between NGA and PTB groups. A significant association between BMI and systolic blood pressure (r = .50, p = .00; B = 0.76, p = .002) and birth length (r = -.28, p = .01; B = -0.107, p = .011), and NOx and birth length (r = -.26, p = .08; B = -0.191, p = .046) and birthweight (B = -8.87, p = .048) was observed in HIV-infected mothers with the variant Pro/Arg + Arg/Arg genotypes. Mothers from the LBW group with the variant genotypes displayed an association between NOx and diastolic blood pressure (r = .58, p = .04), blood iron levels (r = -.60, p = .04; B = -0.204, p = .004), APGAR scores at 1 min (r = -.86, p = .00; B = -0.101, p = .003) and 5 min (r = -.75, p = .01) and birth length (r = -.61, p = .04), and BMI and diastolic blood pressure (r = .72, p = .01). In the PTB group, maternal variant genotypes and NOx were associated with blood haemoglobin levels (B = -0.132, p = .045) and APGAR scores at 1 min (B = -0.161, p = .045) and 5 min (B = -0.147, p = .043). Maternal rs1042522 Arg-allele, HIV infection, BMI and NOx exposure collectively play a role in lowering blood iron levels, gestational hypertension and LBW outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragalathan Naidoo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prithiksha Ramkaran
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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20
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Sun M, Wang Y, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Ji J. The Association Between Cancer and Dementia: A National Cohort Study in Sweden. Front Oncol 2020; 10:73. [PMID: 32117730 PMCID: PMC7010720 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have found that the incidence of dementia is lower in patients with cancer. However, the impact of survival bias, as well as the confounding by medical treatment, have not been fully addressed. We aimed to explore the subsequent risk of dementia in different follow-up intervals among patients with cancer, as well as the risk before the diagnosis of cancer. Methods: By using the Swedish Cancer Register and the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register, we systematically examined the risk of dementia among patients diagnosed with 35 different types of cancer. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to calculate the relative risk. Results: The subsequent risk of dementia in patients with cancer decreased by 21% compared to matched cancer-free controls (SIR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.78-0.80). For specific cancer sites, 21 of them had a significantly lower risk of subsequent dementia. The decreased risk of dementia was also significant before the diagnosis of cancer. However, the risk was higher among patients with cancer who survived for more than 10 years' post-diagnosis (SIR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.32-1.41). Conclusions: In this population-based study, we found that the risk of dementia was lower among patients with cancer, and the risk was also lower before the diagnosis of cancer. This suggests that lower dementia risk is not simply due to bias. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Functional Pathology, Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Functional Pathology, Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Jianguang Ji
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Taormina G, Ferrante F, Vieni S, Grassi N, Russo A, Mirisola MG. Longevity: Lesson from Model Organisms. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070518. [PMID: 31324014 PMCID: PMC6678192 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on longevity and healthy aging promises to increase our lifespan and decrease the burden of degenerative diseases with important social and economic effects. Many aging theories have been proposed, and important aging pathways have been discovered. Model organisms have had a crucial role in this process because of their short lifespan, cheap maintenance, and manipulation possibilities. Yeasts, worms, fruit flies, or mammalian models such as mice, monkeys, and recently, dogs, have helped shed light on aging processes. Genes and molecular mechanisms that were found to be critical in simple eukaryotic cells and species have been confirmed in humans mainly by the functional analysis of mammalian orthologues. Here, we review conserved aging mechanisms discovered in different model systems that are implicated in human longevity as well and that could be the target of anti-aging interventions in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Taormina
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nello Grassi
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario G Mirisola
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
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22
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Hashimoto N, Nagano H, Tanaka T. The role of tumor suppressor p53 in metabolism and energy regulation, and its implication in cancer and lifestyle-related diseases. Endocr J 2019; 66:485-496. [PMID: 31105124 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene p53 is mutated in approximately more than 50% of human cancers. p53 is also referred to as the "cellular gatekeeper" or "guardian of the genome" because it protects the body from spreading mutated genome induced by various stress. When the cells receives stimuli such as DNA damage, oncogene activation, oxidative stress or undernutrition, p53 gives rise to a number of cellular responses, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cellular senescence and metabolic adaptation. Related to energy metabolisms, it has been reported that p53 reduces glycolysis and enhances mitochondrial respiration. p53 is also involved in the regulation of other cellular metabolism and energy production systems: amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, anti-oxidation, mitochondrial quality control, and autophagy. Moreover, recent studies have shown that p53 gene polymorphisms affect life expectancy and lifestyle-related disease such as type 2 diabetes, suggesting that there is a certain relationship between p53 function and metabolic disorders. In addition, mutant p53 protein does not only lose the tumor suppressor function, but it also gains novel oncogenic function and contributes to tumor development, involving cellular metabolism modification. Therefore, the importance of multifunctionality of p53, particularly with regard to intracellular metabolisms, arouses therapeutic interest and calls attention as the key molecule among cancer, lifestyle-related diseases and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nagano
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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23
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Aceto GM, Awadelkarim KD, Di Nicola M, Moscatello C, Pantalone MR, Verginelli F, Elwali NE, Mariani-Costantini R. Germline TP53 mutation spectrum in Sudanese premenopausal breast cancer patients: correlations with reproductive factors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:479-485. [PMID: 30796655 PMCID: PMC6533225 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of non-genetic factors as modifiers of TP53-related hereditary breast cancer (BC) risk is debated. In this regard, little is known about the impact of germline TP53 mutations on BC in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease often presents in non-contraceptive multiparous premenopausal women with extended history of breastfeeding. Herein, we report the germline TP53 mutations found in a series of 92 Sudanese premenopausal BC patients characterized for reproductive history. METHODS The entire TP53 coding sequence, including intron-exon boundaries and UTRs, was analyzed via DHPLC and direct sequencing, and the association of TP53 genotypes with BC risk and with individual lifetime exposures to reproductive factors was investigated with statistical tools. RESULTS The germline TP53 mutation spectrum comprised 20 variants, 15 in the non-coding and 5 in the coding region. The latter included a deleterious missense mutation, c.817C>T (p.Arg273Cys), in a unique patient, and the common and functionally relevant coding polymorphism at amino acid 72 [Pro72Arg (rs1042522)]. The non-coding mutations included c.919+1G>A, a known deleterious splice site mutation, also in a unique patient. Notably, the 2 carriers of deleterious TP53 mutations clustered in the subset of cases with stronger reproductive history relative to childbearing age. When analyzed in comparison to population controls, the codon 72 polymorphism did not reveal associations with BC. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism is not implicated in premenopausal BC susceptibility, whereas multiparity and breastfeeding might be BC risk factors for carriers of deleterious TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Biotechnology, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Khalid Dafaallah Awadelkarim
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI-UG), University of Gezira, P. O. Box 20, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Biotechnology, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmelo Moscatello
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Biotechnology, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mattia Russel Pantalone
- Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine (Solna), BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Unit of General Pathology, Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nasr Eldin Elwali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, 7544 - Othman Bin Affan Rd. Al-Nada, Riyadh, 13317-4233 Saudi Arabia
| | - Renato Mariani-Costantini
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Biotechnology, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Unit of General Pathology, Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Turi Z, Lacey M, Mistrik M, Moudry P. Impaired ribosome biogenesis: mechanisms and relevance to cancer and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:2512-2540. [PMID: 31026227 PMCID: PMC6520011 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of ribosomes is a complex process that requires the coordinated action of many factors and a huge energy investment from the cell. Ribosomes are essential for protein production, and thus for cellular survival, growth and proliferation. Ribosome biogenesis is initiated in the nucleolus and includes: the synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNAs, assembly of ribosomal proteins, transport to the cytoplasm and association of ribosomal subunits. The disruption of ribosome biogenesis at various steps, with either increased or decreased expression of different ribosomal components, can promote cell cycle arrest, senescence or apoptosis. Additionally, interference with ribosomal biogenesis is often associated with cancer, aging and age-related degenerative diseases. Here, we review current knowledge on impaired ribosome biogenesis, discuss the main factors involved in stress responses under such circumstances and focus on examples with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Turi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew Lacey
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Moudry
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Association between Alzheimer's Disease and Cancer Risk in South Korea: an 11-year Nationwide Population-Based Study. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2019; 17:137-147. [PMID: 30906403 PMCID: PMC6425881 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2018.17.4.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Previous studies have suggested a decreased cancer risk among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). There remains a lack of data on the specific types of cancer and risk factors for developing cancer in AD. We evaluated the association between AD and cancer risk, and we examined specific types of cancer. Methods A population-based longitudinal study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort for 2002–2013. A total of 4,408 AD patients were included in the study, as were 19,150 matched controls. Potential associations between the risk of cancer and AD were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regressions. Results Cancer developed in 12.3% of the AD group patients and in 18.5% of control group subjects. AD was associated with a reduced risk of cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence intervals, 0.64–0.78). The risk of head and neck cancers was significantly reduced (HR, 0.49), as were risks for cancers of the digestive tract, including stomach cancer (HR, 0.42), colorectal cancer (HR, 0.61), liver and biliary tract cancers (HR, 0.68), and pancreatic cancer (HR, 0.55). Lung and prostate cancer risks were also significantly lower for the AD group (HR, 0.52 and HR, 0.72, respectively). Conclusions Our results showed an inverse association between AD and cancer. Further research involving a large number of patients in a hospital based-study is needed to address the biological associations between cancer development and dementia, including AD.
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microRNA diagnostic panel for Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic trade-off between neurodegeneration and cancer. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:125-143. [PMID: 30391753 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their profiles have been analyzed in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue. However, due to the high variability between the reported data, stemming from the lack of methodological standardization and the heterogeneity of AD, the most promising miRNA biomarker candidates have not been selected. Our literature review shows that out of 137 miRNAs found to be altered in AD blood, 36 have been replicated in at least one independent study, and out of 166 miRNAs reported as differential in AD CSF, 13 have been repeatedly found. Only 3 miRNAs have been consistently reported as altered in three analyzed specimens: blood, CSF and the brain (hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-125b, hsa-miR-135a). Nonetheless, all 36 repeatedly differential miRNAs in AD blood are promising as components of the diagnostic panel. Given their predicted functions, such miRNA panel may report multiple pathways contributing to AD pathology, enabling the design of personalized therapies. In addition, the analysis revealed that the miRNAs dysregulated in AD overlap highly with miRNAs implicated in cancer. However, the directions of the miRNA changes are usually opposite in cancer and AD, indicative of an epigenetic trade-off between the two diseases.
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Ibler E, Tran G, Orrell KA, Serrano L, Majewski S, Sable KA, Thiede R, Laumann AE, West DP, Nardone B. Inverse association for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease subsequent to both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers in a large, urban, single-centre, Midwestern US patient population. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:1893-1896. [PMID: 29573497 PMCID: PMC6153078 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although literature demonstrates a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with various cancers, including squamous cell cancers (SCC) and basal cell cancers (BCC) comprising non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), there is a paucity of literature to substantiate an association between malignant melanoma (MM) and AD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether an association exists between MM and AD as well as for NMSC and AD. METHODS A large urban, Midwestern, US, single-centre, medical record (EMR) data repository was searched between January 2001 and December 2015, to identify all patients at age ≥60 and <89 years with a clinic follow-up of at least 1 year and no diagnosis for AD, MM or NMSC at the time of the study entry. Data collected included age, gender, race and duration of follow-up. MM and NMSC were detected by ICD-9 codes and ICD-10 codes. Incident diagnosis of AD was also detected by ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Data for a total of 82 925 patients with known race and gender and were detected. After adjusting for confounding factors (race, gender, age, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease and diabetes), there was a significant decreased risk of subsequent AD in patients with MM (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16-0.96; P = 0.042) as well as in patients with BCC (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.08-0.45; P < 0.0001) and for patients with SCC (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.56; P = 0.013). CONCLUSION These findings add to the growing body of evidence for a decreased risk of AD in patients with various cancers and highlight the need for ongoing research to elucidate both neurologic and biologic mechanisms that may underlie this apparent inverse association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ibler
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gary Tran
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kelsey A. Orrell
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Linda Serrano
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sara Majewski
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Sable
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rebecca Thiede
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne E. Laumann
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dennis P. West
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Beatrice Nardone
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Labuschagne CF, Zani F, Vousden KH. Control of metabolism by p53 - Cancer and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:32-42. [PMID: 29883595 PMCID: PMC6102416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
p53 is an important tumour suppressor gene, with loss of p53 contributing to the development of most human cancers. However, the activation of p53 in response to stress signals underpins a role for p53 in diverse aspects of health and disease. Activities of p53 that regulate metabolism can play a role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting cells from damage - so preventing disease development. By contrast, either loss or over-activation of p53 can contribute to numerous metabolic pathologies, including aging, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Zani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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Chan Y, Zhu B, Zhang J, Luo Y, Tang W. Associations Between TP53 and MDM2 Polymorphisms and the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone Ratio in Infertile Women. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:405-412. [PMID: 29957069 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This is a follow-up study based on the results of our previous article, to further explore the effect of the TP53 codon 72 (rs1042522) and MDM2 SNP309 (rs2279744) polymorphisms on basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) ratios in infertility women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The distribution of two genetic polymorphisms (rs1042522 and rs2279744) and basal FSH/LH ratios were tested and analyzed in 1051 in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients at a university-affiliated hospital. RESULTS The TP53 codon 72 polymorphism had a significant association with the FSH/LH ratio (group I: FSH/LH <2.3 and group II: FSH/LH ≥2.3) (C/C vs. G/G: odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.65, p = 0.02; G/C vs. G/G: OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.25-2.77, p = 0.002). In a stratification analysis, C allele carriers and the C/C genotype showed a strong association with positive clinical pregnancy outcomes after IVF compared with G allele carriers and the G/G genotype in the recessive, dominant, and allelic genetic models in group I (C/C vs. G/G: OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.25-2.69, p = 0.01; C/C vs. G carrier: OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12-2.07, p = 0.01; C carrier vs. G/G: OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.07-2.01, p = 0.02; C allele vs. G allele: OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11-1.62, p = 0.003), no significant associations by stratification were observed for group II. No associations were found between MDM2 SNP309 and either of two groups. CONCLUSION The TP53 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with FSH/LH ratios, suggesting that it is a potential predictive genetic marker of IVF outcome in patients younger than 35 years of age with baseline FSH levels below 10 IU/L and who have an FSH/LH ratio <2.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chan
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China .,2 Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, China .,3 Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated Kunming Medical University , Kunming, China
| | - Baosheng Zhu
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Jinman Zhang
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Ying Luo
- 2 Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, China
| | - Wenru Tang
- 2 Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, China
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Tiku V, Antebi A. Nucleolar Function in Lifespan Regulation. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:662-672. [PMID: 29779866 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is a prominent membraneless organelle residing within the nucleus. The nucleolus has been regarded as a housekeeping structure mainly known for its role in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) production and ribosome assembly. However, accumulating evidence has revealed its functions in numerous cellular processes that control organismal physiology, thereby taking the nucleolus much beyond its conventional role in ribosome biogenesis. Perturbations in nucleolar functions have been associated with severe diseases such as cancer and progeria. Recent studies have also uncovered the role of the nucleolus in development and aging. In this review we discuss major nucleolar functions that impact organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varnesh Tiku
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Present Address: Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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Zhao Y, Wu L, Yue X, Zhang C, Wang J, Li J, Sun X, Zhu Y, Feng Z, Hu W. A polymorphism in the tumor suppressor p53 affects aging and longevity in mouse models. eLife 2018; 7:34701. [PMID: 29557783 PMCID: PMC5906094 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 prevents early death due to cancer development. However, the role of p53 in aging process and longevity has not been well-established. In humans, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with either arginine (R72) or proline (P72) at codon 72 influences p53 activity; the P72 allele has a weaker p53 activity and function in tumor suppression. Here, employing a mouse model with knock-in of human TP53 gene carrying codon 72 SNP, we found that despite increased cancer risk, P72 mice that escape tumor development display a longer lifespan than R72 mice. Further, P72 mice have a delayed development of aging-associated phenotypes compared with R72 mice. Mechanistically, P72 mice can better retain the self-renewal function of stem/progenitor cells compared with R72 mice during aging. This study provides direct genetic evidence demonstrating that p53 codon 72 SNP directly impacts aging and longevity, which supports a role of p53 in regulation of longevity. How long most animals live depends on the balance between the biological processes that allow them to regenerate their tissues when damaged and those that prevent them from developing cancer. Regeneration relies mostly on cells, in particular stem cells, dividing to make new cells, while cancer occurs when cell division becomes uncontrolled. Tumor suppressor genes protect against cancer. One such gene encodes a protein called p53 that eliminates damaged cells before they can become cancerous. The p53 protein is also believed to be involved in regulating how quickly an animal ages and how long it lives, but this second role has not yet been clearly established. Previous studies using different strategies to change the activity of p53 in several mouse models have led to inconsistent results. However, the mouse models used in these earlier studies did not reflect how p53 works under normal conditions. Zhao et al. have now used mice in which the mouse gene for p53 was replaced with one of two versions of the equivalent human gene to study its impact on lifespan and the aging process. The two versions of p53 only differ slightly; a single building block of the protein, the amino acid at position 72, is a proline in one version but an arginine in the other. This difference makes one version of p53 weaker than the other; in other words, it is less able to eliminate damaged cells. Zhao et al. revealed that the mice with the weaker p53 lived for longer and appeared to age more slowly too. Further experiments showed that the stem cells in the mice with a weaker p53 were able to keep dividing and create new cells for longer. This is important because a decline in this activity – which is known as self-renewal – is a hallmark of aging. Together these findings show that a small yet common change in p53 impacts both aging and lifespan, possibly by altering how stem cells are regulated. Further work is now needed to better understand why the different versions of p53 have different effects on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Lihua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, United States
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, United States
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Monacelli F, Cea M, Borghi R, Odetti P, Nencioni A. Do Cancer Drugs Counteract Neurodegeneration? Repurposing for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:1295-1306. [PMID: 27834781 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In spite of in depth investigations in the field of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, so far, no disease modifying therapy has been developed for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathophysiology provides some evidence of the inverse correlation between cancer and AD. Both AD and cancer are characterized by abnormal cellular behaviors; trigger factors along with a meta synchronously action is expected to drive cancer or neurodegeneration, supporting, respectively, progressive neuronal loss or uncontrolled cell proliferation in cancer cells. So far, cancer and AD are seemingly two opposite ends of the same biological spectrum. Basic science increasingly indicates shared molecular mechanisms between cancer and AD and gives weight to key relevant biological theories; according to them, the inverse tuning of clustered gene expression, the sharing of mutual independent pathway or the deregulated unfolded proteins system (UPR) may count for this inverse association. Additionally, the common biological background gave credibility to the recent discovery of a repurposing role for cancer drugs in AD. It refers to the development of new uses for existing pharmaceuticals having the same role as the original mechanism or to the discovery of a new drug action with disease modifying effects. The present review summarizes the most important biological theories that link neurodegeneration and cancer and provides an up-to-date revision of the repurposing cancer agents for AD. The review also addresses the gap of knowledge, since drug cancer repositioning holds an important promise but further investigations are warranted to ascertain the clinical relevance of such attractive clinical candidate compounds for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Monacelli
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- Section of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Borghi
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizio Odetti
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Roshani D, Abdolahi A, Rahmati S. Association of p53 codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism and risk of cancer in Iranian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017; 31:136. [PMID: 29951436 PMCID: PMC6014797 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.31.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Different studies have investigated the association between p53 codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism and cancer risk. Because of the lack of consensus of the results in individual studies, we conducted this meta-analysis by pooling all currently available case-control studies to estimate the effect of p53 codon 72 Arg/Pro polymorphism on cancer susceptibility in Iranian population. Methods: A comprehensive search was undertaken and primary data from all peer-reviewed journals indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Magiran, Scientific Information Databank (SID), Iran Medex, and CAB abstract electronic were used to conduct this meta-analysis. We considered some exclusion and inclusion criteria to select the articles. Statistical heterogeneity was explored using the I-square. Publication bias was assessed graphically and statistically by Begg's funnel plot and Egger test. All statistical analyses were performed using StatsDirect software and a two- tailed test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for any test. Results: Our dataset, which included 35 case-control studies, consisted of 2426 cancer cases and 2928 controls. Pooled OR and 95%CI indicated that codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism was not associated with odds of developing cancer among Iranian population in the dominant model (Pro/Pro+Arg/Pro vs. Arg/Arg: OR= 0.96, 95%CI= 0.74 to 1.24 chi2= 0.06, p= 0.8). Moreover, no significant association was detected in variant allele (Pro vs Arg: OR= 1.075, 95%CI= 0.91 to 1.25), homozygous (Pro/Pro vs Arg/Arg: OR=0.911 95%CI= 0.66 to 1.25), and heterozygous (Arg/Pro vs Arg/Arg: OR= 0.84, 95%CI= 0.7 to 1). Conclusion: Our study revealed that p53 codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism was not associated with overall cancer odds in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daem Roshani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alina Abdolahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shima Rahmati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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DNA damage responses and p53 in the aging process. Blood 2017; 131:488-495. [PMID: 29141944 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-746396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome is constantly attacked by genotoxic insults. DNA damage has long been established as a cause of cancer development through its mutagenic consequences. Conversely, radiation therapy and chemotherapy induce DNA damage to drive cells into apoptosis or senescence as outcomes of the DNA damage response (DDR). More recently, DNA damage has been recognized as a causal factor for the aging process. The role of DNA damage in aging and age-related diseases is illustrated by numerous congenital progeroid syndromes that are caused by mutations in genome maintenance pathways. During the past 2 decades, understanding how DDR drives cancer development and contributes to the aging process has progressed rapidly. It turns out that the DDR factor p53 takes center stage during tumor development and also plays an important role in the aging process. Studies in metazoan models ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals have revealed cell-autonomous and systemic DDR mechanisms that orchestrate adaptive responses that augment maintenance of the aging organism amid gradually accumulating DNA damage.
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35
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Doherty A, Kernogitski Y, Kulminski AM, Pedro de Magalhães J. Identification of polymorphisms in cancer patients that differentially affect survival with age. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:2117-2136. [PMID: 29064820 PMCID: PMC5680559 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts that the proportion of the world's population over 60 will almost double from 12% to 22% between 2015 and 2050. Ageing is the biggest risk factor for cancer, which is a leading cause of deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, research describing how genetic variants affect cancer progression commonly neglects to account for the ageing process. Herein is the first systematic analysis that combines a large longitudinal data set with a targeted candidate gene approach to examine the effect of genetic variation on survival as a function of age in cancer patients. Survival was significantly decreased in individuals with heterozygote or rare homozygote (i.e. variant) genotypes compared to those with a common homozygote genotype (i.e. wild type) for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs11574358 and rs4147918), one gene (SIRT3) and one pathway (FoxO signalling) in an age-dependent manner. All identified genes and pathways have previously been associated with ageing and cancer. These observations demonstrate that there are ageing-related genetic elements that differentially affect mortality in cancer patients in an age-dependent manner. Understanding the genetic determinants affecting prognosis differently with age will be invaluable to develop age-specific prognostic biomarkers and personalized therapies that may improve clinical outcomes for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Doherty
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Yelena Kernogitski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit (BARU), Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit (BARU), Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
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36
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Deschênes M, Chabot B. The emerging role of alternative splicing in senescence and aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:918-933. [PMID: 28703423 PMCID: PMC5595669 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of precursor mRNA splicing is associated with many illnesses and has been linked to age-related chronic diseases. Here we review recent progress documenting how defects in the machinery that performs intron removal and controls splice site selection contribute to cellular senescence and organismal aging. We discuss the functional association linking p53, IGF-1, SIRT1, and ING-1 splice variants with senescence and aging, and review a selection of splicing defects occurring in accelerated aging (progeria), vascular aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Overall, it is becoming increasingly clear that changes in the activity of splicing factors and in the production of key splice variants can impact cellular senescence and the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Deschênes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecJ1E 4K8Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecJ1E 4K8Canada
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37
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Lessel D, Wu D, Trujillo C, Ramezani T, Lessel I, Alwasiyah MK, Saha B, Hisama FM, Rading K, Goebel I, Schütz P, Speit G, Högel J, Thiele H, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Hammerschmidt M, Zhu Y, Tong DR, Katz C, Martin GM, Oshima J, Prives C, Kubisch C. Dysfunction of the MDM2/p53 axis is linked to premature aging. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3598-3608. [PMID: 28846075 DOI: 10.1172/jci92171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53, a master regulator of the cellular response to stress, is tightly regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 via an autoregulatory feedback loop. In addition to its well-established role in tumorigenesis, p53 has also been associated with aging in mice. Several mouse models with aberrantly increased p53 activity display signs of premature aging. However, the relationship between dysfunction of the MDM2/p53 axis and human aging remains elusive. Here, we have identified an antiterminating homozygous germline mutation in MDM2 in a patient affected by a segmental progeroid syndrome. We show that this mutation abrogates MDM2 activity, thereby resulting in enhanced levels and stability of p53. Analysis of the patient's primary cells, genome-edited cells, and in vitro and in vivo analyses confirmed the MDM2 mutation's aberrant regulation of p53 activity. Functional data from a zebrafish model further demonstrated that mutant Mdm2 was unable to rescue a p53-induced apoptotic phenotype. Altogether, our findings indicate that mutant MDM2 is a likely driver of the observed segmental form of progeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danyi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Trujillo
- Genetics Unit, Dr. Erfan & Bagedo Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivana Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad K Alwasiyah
- Aziziah Maternity and Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bidisha Saha
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katrin Rading
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Goebel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Schütz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Günter Speit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Högel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David R Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chen Katz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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38
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Feng YCA, Cho K, Lindstrom S, Kraft P, Cormack J, Liang L, Driver JA. Investigating the genetic relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cancer using GWAS summary statistics. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1341-1351. [PMID: 28780673 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence from both epidemiology and basic science suggest an inverse association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer. We examined the genetic relationship between AD and various cancer types using GWAS summary statistics from the IGAP and GAME-ON consortia. Sample size ranged from 9931 to 54,162; SNPs were imputed to the 1000 Genomes European panel. Our results based on cross-trait LD Score regression showed a significant positive genetic correlation between AD and five cancers combined (colon, breast, prostate, ovarian, lung; r g = 0.17, P = 0.04), and specifically with breast cancer (ER-negative and overall; r g = 0.21 and 0.18, P = 0.035 and 0.034) and lung cancer (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and overall; r g = 0.31, 0.38 and 0.30, P = 0.029, 0.016, and 0.006). Estimating the genetic correlation in specific functional categories revealed mixed positive and negative signals, notably stronger at annotations associated with increased enhancer activity. This suggests a role of gene expression regulators in the shared genetic etiology between AD and cancer, and that some shared variants modulate disease risk concordantly while others have effects in opposite directions. Due to power issues, we did not detect cross-phenotype associations at individual SNPs. This genetic overlap is not likely driven by a handful of major loci. Our study is the first to examine the co-heritability of AD and cancer leveraging large-scale GWAS results. The functional categories highlighted in this study need further investigation to illustrate the details of the genetic sharing and to bridge between different levels of associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Anne Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center and Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Boston VA Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Cormack
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center and Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Boston VA Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jane A Driver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center and Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Boston VA Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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39
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Carrasco-Garcia E, Moreno M, Moreno-Cugnon L, Matheu A. Increased Arf/p53 activity in stem cells, aging and cancer. Aging Cell 2017; 16:219-225. [PMID: 28101907 PMCID: PMC5334536 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arf/p53 pathway protects the cells against DNA damage induced by acute stress. This characteristic is the responsible for its tumor suppressor activity. Moreover, it regulates the chronic type of stress associated with aging. This is the basis of its anti‐aging activity. Indeed, increased gene dosage of Arf/p53 displays elongated longevity and delayed aging. At a cellular level, it has been recently shown that increased dosage of Arf/p53 delays age‐associated stem cell exhaustion and the subsequent decline in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. However, p53 can also promote aging if constitutively activated. In this context, p53 reduces tissue regeneration, which correlates with premature exhaustion of stem cells. We discuss here the current evidence linking the Arf/p53 pathway to the processes of aging and cancer through stem cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Moreno
- Cellular Oncology Group; Biodonostia Institute; San Sebastian Spain
| | | | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group; Biodonostia Institute; San Sebastian Spain
- Ikerbasque; Basque Foundation; Bilbao Spain
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40
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Kodal JB, Vedel-Krogh S, Kobylecki CJ, Nordestgaard BG, Bojesen SE. TP53 Arg72Pro, mortality after cancer, and all-cause mortality in 105,200 individuals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:336. [PMID: 28336930 PMCID: PMC5428447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rs1042522 (Arg72Pro) is a functional polymorphism of TP53. Pro72 has been associated with lower all-cause mortality and lower mortality after cancer. We hypothesized that TP53 Pro72 is associated with lower mortality after cancer, lower all-cause mortality, and with increased cancer incidence in the general population in a contemporary cohort. We genotyped 105,200 individuals aged 20–100 years from the Copenhagen General Population Study, recruited in 2003–2013, and followed them in Danish health registries. During follow-up 5,531 individuals died and 5,849 developed cancer. Hazard ratios for mortality after cancer were 1.03 (95% confidence interval:0.93–1.15) for Arg/Pro and 0.96 (95% CI:0.79–1.18) for Pro/Pro versus Arg/Arg. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.99 (95% CI:0.93–1.04) for Arg/Pro and 1.09 (95% CI:0.98–1.21) for Pro/Pro versus Arg/Arg. Risk of cancer specific mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and respiratory mortality were not associated with Arg72Pro genotype overall; however, in exploratory subgroup analyses, genotype-associated risks of malignant melanoma and diabetes were altered. Considering multiple comparisons the latter findings may represent play of chance. The TP53 Arg72Pro genotype was not associated with mortality after cancer, all-cause mortality, or cancer incidence in the general population in a contemporary cohort. Our main conclusion is therefore a lack of reproducing an effect of TP53 Arg72Pro genotype on mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob B Kodal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Vedel-Krogh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla J Kobylecki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
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41
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Kulminski AM, Kernogitski Y, Culminskaya I, Loika Y, Arbeev KG, Bagley O, Duan M, Arbeeva L, Ukraintseva SV, Wu D, Stallard E, Yashin AI. Uncoupling associations of risk alleles with endophenotypes and phenotypes: insights from the ApoB locus and heart-related traits. Aging Cell 2017; 16:61-72. [PMID: 27683205 PMCID: PMC5242299 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, genomewide association studies (GWAS) have emphasized the benefits of large samples in the analyses of age‐related traits rather than their specific properties. We adopted a realistic concept of genetic susceptibility to inherently heterogeneous, age‐related traits driven by the elusive role of evolution in their properties. We analyzed in detail the associations of rs693 and rs562338 polymorphisms representing the Apolipoprotein B locus with endophenotypes (total cholesterol [TC] and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) and phenotypes (myocardial infarction [MI] and survival) in four large‐scale studies, which include 20 748 individuals with 2357 MI events. We showed that a strong, robust predisposition of rs693 and rs562338 to TC (β = 0.72, P = 7.7 × 10−30 for rs693 and β = −1.08, P = 9.8 × 10−42 for rs562338) is not translated into a predisposition to MI and survival. The rs693_A allele influences risks of MI and mortality after MI additively with lipids. This allele shows antagonistic effects—protecting against MI risks (β = −0.18, P = 1.1 × 10−5) or increasing MI risks (β = 0.15, P = 2.8 × 10−3) and mortality after MI, in different populations. Paradoxically, increased TC concentrations can be protective against MI for the rs693_A allele carriers. Our results uncouple the influences of the same alleles on endophenotypes and phenotypes despite potential causal relationships among the latter. Our strategy reveals virtually genomewide significance for the associations of rs693 with MI (P = 5.5 × 10−8) that is contrasted with a weak estimate following the traditional, sample‐size‐centered GWAS strategy (P = 0.16) in the same sample. These results caution against the use of the traditional GWAS strategy for gaining profound insights into genetic predisposition to healthspan and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Yelena Kernogitski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Konstantin G. Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Matt Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Svetlana V. Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Eric Stallard
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Anatoliy I. Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
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42
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Abstract
p53 is a transcriptional regulator that responds to cellular stresses to suppress oncogenesis, but some of these responses can have unintended consequences that influence non-cancer-related aging processes. The impact of these consequences is not well understood-partly due to the many complex processes that influence p53 function and partly due to the vast array of processes that p53 affects. p53 has the potential to both accelerate and hinder cellular aging processes, which would likely have antithetical biological outcomes with regard to organismal aging. To accelerate aging, p53 induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest as a prerequisite to cellular senescence; both can impair the mobilization of stem and progenitor cell populations. To suppress aging, p53 inhibits unregulated proliferation pathways that could lead to cellular senescence and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which creates a pro-inflammatory and degenerative tissue milieu. A review of mouse models supports both possibilities, highlighting the complexity of the p53 influence over organismal aging. A deeper knowledge of how p53 integrates and is integrated with various biological processes will improve our understanding of its influence over the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hasty
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA.,Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA.,Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Z Dave Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA.,Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA.,Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA
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43
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Anantharaju PG, Gowda PC, Vimalambike MG, Madhunapantula SV. An overview on the role of dietary phenolics for the treatment of cancers. Nutr J 2016; 15:99. [PMID: 27903278 PMCID: PMC5131407 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant derived phenolic compounds have been shown to inhibit the initiation and progression of cancers by modulating genes regulating key processes such as: (a) oncogenic transformation of normal cells; (b) growth and development of tumors; and (c) angiogenesis and metastasis. Recent studies focusing on identifying the molecular basis of plant phenolics-induced cancer cell death have demonstrated down-regulation of: (a) oncogenic survival kinases such as PI3K and Akt; (b) cell proliferation regulators that include Erk1/2, D-type Cyclins, and Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs); (c) transcription factors such as NF-kβ, NRF2 and STATs; (d) histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2; and (e) angiogenic factors VEGF, FGFR1 and MIC-1. Furthermore, while inhibiting oncogenic proteins, the phenolic compounds elevate the expression of tumor suppressor proteins p53, PTEN, p21, and p27. In addition, plant phenolic compounds and the herbal extracts rich in phenolic compounds modulate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells thereby regulate cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that phenolic compounds undergo transformation in gut microbiota thereby acquire additional properties that promote their biological activities. In vitro observations, preclinical and epidemiological studies have shown the involvement of plant phenolic acids in retarding the cancer growth. However, to date, there is no clinical trial as such testing the role of plant phenolic compounds for inhibiting tumor growth in humans. More over, several variations in response to phenolic acid rich diets-mediated treatment among individuals have also been reported, raising concerns about whether phenolic acids could be used for treating cancers. Therefore, we have made an attempt to (a) address the key structural features of phenolic acids required for exhibiting potent anti-cancer activity; (b) review the reported findings about the mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds and their transformation by gut microbiota; and (c) update the toxicological aspects and anti-tumor properties of phenolic compounds and extracts containing phenolic compounds in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi G Anantharaju
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Prathima C Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | | | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, 570 015, Karnataka, India.
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44
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Fabris F, Freitas AA, Tullet JMA. An Extensive Empirical Comparison of Probabilistic Hierarchical Classifiers in Datasets of Ageing-Related Genes. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 13:1045-1058. [PMID: 26661786 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2015.2505288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study comprehensively evaluates the performance of five types of probabilistic hierarchical classification methods used for predicting Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to ageing. Of those tested, a new hybrid of a Local Hierarchical Classifier (LHC) and the Predictive Clustering Tree algorithm (LHC-PCT) had the best predictive accuracy results. We also tested the impact of two types of variations in most hierarchical classification algorithms, namely: (a) changing the base algorithm (we tested Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machines), and the impact of (b) using or not the Correlation based Feature Selection (CFS) algorithm in a pre-processing step. In total, we evaluated the predictive performance of 17 variations of hierarchical classifiers across 15 datasets of ageing and longevity-related genes. We conclude that the LHC-PCT algorithm ranks better across several tests (seven out of 12). In addition, we interpreted the models generated by the PCT algorithm to show how hierarchical classification algorithms can be used to extract biological insights out of the ageing-related datasets that we compiled.
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45
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McGraw KL, Cluzeau T, Sallman DA, Basiorka AA, Irvine BA, Zhang L, Epling-Burnette PK, Rollison DE, Mallo M, Sokol L, Solé F, Maciejewski J, List AF. TP53 and MDM2 single nucleotide polymorphisms influence survival in non-del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34437-45. [PMID: 26416416 PMCID: PMC4741464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
P53 is a key regulator of many cellular processes and is negatively regulated by the human homolog of murine double minute-2 (MDM2) E3 ubiquitin ligase. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of either gene alone, and in combination, are linked to cancer susceptibility, disease progression, and therapy response. We analyzed the interaction of TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 SNPs in relationship to outcome in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Sanger sequencing was performed on DNA isolated from 208 MDS cases. Utilizing a novel functional SNP scoring system ranging from +2 to −2 based on predicted p53 activity, we found statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS) (p = 0.02) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.02) in non-del(5q) MDS patients with low functional scores. In univariate analysis, only IPSS and the functional SNP score predicted OS and PFS in non-del(5q) patients. In multivariate analysis, the functional SNP score was independent of IPSS for OS and PFS. These data underscore the importance of TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 SNPs in MDS, and provide a novel scoring system independent of IPSS that is predictive for disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy L McGraw
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Cluzeau
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Hematology Department, CHU of Nice, Nice, France.,University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France.,Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, INSERM U1065, Nice, France.,French Group of Myelodysplasia, France
| | - David A Sallman
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ashley A Basiorka
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute and The Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brittany A Irvine
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - P K Epling-Burnette
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dana E Rollison
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mar Mallo
- Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras (IJC) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lubomir Sokol
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Francesc Solé
- Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras (IJC) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alan F List
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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46
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Gene expression signatures of human cell and tissue longevity. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2016; 2:16014. [PMID: 28721269 PMCID: PMC5514998 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different cell types within the body exhibit substantial variation in the average time they live, ranging from days to the lifetime of the organism. The underlying mechanisms governing the diverse lifespan of different cell types are not well understood. To examine gene expression strategies that support the lifespan of different cell types within the human body, we obtained publicly available RNA-seq data sets and interrogated transcriptomes of 21 somatic cell types and tissues with reported cellular turnover, a bona fide estimate of lifespan, ranging from 2 days (monocytes) to a lifetime (neurons). Exceptionally long-lived neurons presented a gene expression profile of reduced protein metabolism, consistent with neuronal survival and similar to expression patterns induced by longevity interventions such as dietary restriction. Across different cell lineages, we identified a gene expression signature of human cell and tissue turnover. In particular, turnover showed a negative correlation with the energetically costly cell cycle and factors supporting genome stability, concomitant risk factors for aging-associated pathologies. In addition, the expression of p53 was negatively correlated with cellular turnover, suggesting that low p53 activity supports the longevity of post-mitotic cells with inherently low risk of developing cancer. Our results demonstrate the utility of comparative approaches in unveiling gene expression differences among cell lineages with diverse cell turnover within the same organism, providing insights into mechanisms that could regulate cell longevity.
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Zhang Q, Guo S, Zhang X, Tang S, Shao W, Han X, Wang L, Du Y. Inverse relationship between cancer and Alzheimer's disease: a systemic review meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2015; 36:1987-94. [PMID: 26248482 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer are both prevalent in the elderly. Some epidemiological researches have reported the negative association between AD and cancer, but the results are controversial. The present meta-analysis is aimed to clarify the association between cancer and AD. PubMed, Web of knowledge and the Cochrane library databases were searched for eligible publications. The analysis indicated that history of cancer was associated with a reduced risk of AD (ES 0.62, 95 % CIs 0.53-0.74; p < 0.001), with no significance between-study heterogeneity and publication bias. Similar results were found in subgroup analysis by stratifying variables with education and APOEε4 carriers, years of follow-up and sample size of cases. The negative association was also found in analysis of risk of cancer among patients with AD (ES 0.59, 95 % CIs 0.42-0.82; p = 0.002), but with evidence of between-study heterogeneity and publication bias. In order to identify sources of the heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was performed by stratifying variable with or without education adjusted, sample size of cases and years of follow-up. Negative association was found in all subgroup analysis except in studies with less than 5-year follow-up and with heterogeneity disappeared only in the subgroup analysis stratified with sample size of cases. Our results in the present meta-analysis support the negative association between AD and cancer. But further well-designed perspective studies with strict control of confounding factors are needed to clarify the association between AD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shougang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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Crespi BJ, Go MC. Diametrical diseases reflect evolutionary-genetic tradeoffs: Evidence from psychiatry, neurology, rheumatology, oncology and immunology. Evol Med Public Health 2015; 2015:216-53. [PMID: 26354001 PMCID: PMC4600345 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tradeoffs centrally mediate the expression of human adaptations. We propose that tradeoffs also influence the prevalence and forms of human maladaptation manifest in disease. By this logic, increased risk for one set of diseases commonly engenders decreased risk for another, diametric, set of diseases. We describe evidence for such diametric sets of diseases from epidemiological, genetic and molecular studies in four clinical domains: (i) psychiatry (autism vs psychotic-affective conditions), (ii) rheumatology (osteoarthritis vs osteoporosis), (iii) oncology and neurology (cancer vs neurodegenerative disorders) and (iv) immunology (autoimmunity vs infectious disease). Diametric disorders are important to recognize because genotypes or environmental factors that increase risk for one set of disorders protect from opposite disorders, thereby providing novel and direct insights into disease causes, prevention and therapy. Ascertaining the mechanisms that underlie disease-related tradeoffs should also indicate means of circumventing or alleviating them, and thus reducing the incidence and impacts of human disease in a more general way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Go
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6 Present address: Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 109 Davenport Hall, 607 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Puzzling role of genetic risk factors in human longevity: "risk alleles" as pro-longevity variants. Biogerontology 2015; 17:109-27. [PMID: 26306600 PMCID: PMC4724477 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex diseases are major contributors to human mortality in old age. Paradoxically, many genetic variants that have been associated with increased risks of such diseases are found in genomes of long-lived people, and do not seem to compromise longevity. Here we argue that trade-off-like and conditional effects of genes can play central role in this phenomenon and in determining longevity. Such effects may occur as result of: (i) antagonistic influence of gene on the development of different health disorders; (ii) change in the effect of gene on vulnerability to death with age (especially, from “bad” to “good”); (iii) gene–gene interaction; and (iv) gene–environment interaction, among other factors. A review of current knowledge provides many examples of genetic factors that may increase the risk of one disease but reduce chances of developing another serious health condition, or improve survival from it. Factors that may increase risk of a major disease but attenuate manifestation of physical senescence are also discussed. Overall, available evidence suggests that the influence of a genetic variant on longevity may be negative, neutral or positive, depending on a delicate balance of the detrimental and beneficial effects of such variant on multiple health and aging related traits. This balance may change with age, internal and external environments, and depend on genetic surrounding. We conclude that trade-off-like and conditional genetic effects are very common and may result in situations when a disease “risk allele” can also be a pro-longevity variant, depending on context. We emphasize importance of considering such effects in both aging research and disease prevention.
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50
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Sharma S, Sambyal V, Guleria K, Manjari M, Sudan M, Uppal MS, Singh NR, Bansal D, Gupta A. TP53 polymorphisms in sporadic North Indian breast cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:6871-9. [PMID: 25169539 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential association of five (p.P47S, p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp, p.R213R and r.13494g>a) polymorphisms of TP53 with the risk of developing breast cancer in North Indian Punjabi population. METHODS We screened DNA samples of 200 sporadic breast cancer patients (197 females and 3 males) and 200 unrelated healthy, gender and age matched individuals for the polymorphisms. RESULTS For the p.P47S polymorphism, we observed the PP genotype in 99.5% of the patients and PS genotype in only 1 patient. All the controls had the wild type PP genotype. The frequency of RR, RP and PP genotype of p.R72P was 23.5% vs 33.5%, 51.5% vs 45.5% and 25% vs 21% in patients and controls respectively. Heterozygous (RP) genotype was increased in breast cancer patients as compared to controls (51.5 vs 45.5%) and showed 1.61 fold significantly increased risk for breast cancer (OR=1.61, 95% CI, 1.01-2.58, p=0.04). In breast cancer patients the frequencies of A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes of PIN3 Ins16bp polymorphism were 67%, 26% and 7% respectively whereas in controls the genotype frequencies were 68.5%, 27.5% and 4% respectively, with no significant difference. For p.R213R (c.639A>G), all individuals had homozygous wild type genotype. The frequencies of GG, GA and AA genotypes of TP53 r.13494g>a polymorphism were 62 vs 67.5%, 33 vs 28% and 5 vs 4.5% in patients and controls respectively, again without significant difference. We observed that RP- A1A1 genotype combination of p.R72P and PIN3 Ins16bp and RP-GG combination of p.R72P and r.13494g>a polymorphism showed significant risk of breast cancer (OR=1.65, 95%CI: 0.98-2.78, p=0.05; OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.01-2.92, p=0.04). CONCLUSION The results of present study indicated that among the five TP53 polymorphisms investigated, the p.R72P polymorphism, and the RP-A1A1 and RP-GG genotype combination contribute to breast cancer susceptibility in North Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Sharma
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, India E-mail :
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