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Li J, Tao W, Zhou W, Xing J, Luo M, Yang Y. The comprehensive analysis of gut microbiome and spleen transcriptome revealed the immunomodulatory mechanism of Dendrobium officinale leaf polysaccharide on immunosuppressed mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134975. [PMID: 39179063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the immunomodulatory efficacy of Dendrobium officinale leaf polysaccharide (DOLP) has attracted much attention, but its potential immunomodulatory mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the molecular mechanism of DOLP to ameliorate cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice based on transcriptome profiling technology. The results indicated that DOLP significantly mitigated damage to immune organs, regulated the expression levels of inflammatory factors and immunoglobulins, and restored the balance of gut microbiota. Furthermore, it modulated metabolic pathways associated with the immune system, including antigen processing and presentation, hematopoietic cell line development, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. DOLP might promote host hematopoietic function to enhance immune cell proliferation and differentiation by up-regulating Cd19, Cr2 and Il7r but down-regulating Dntt. DOLP also up-regulated the expression of MHC-1 (Gm11127, H2-K1, H2-Q10, H2-Q6, and H2-Q7), thus promoting antigen recognition by NK cells to enhance the innate immunity and helping T cells to deliver antigen and secrete immune factors so that enhancing the adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Li
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wenyang Tao
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wanyi Zhou
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianrong Xing
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Mengfan Luo
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Liu Y, Liang J, Huang J, Li X, Huang J, Wang J. Unveiling the immunoregulatory role of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 through the JAK/STAT3/PDL1 pathway in gastric cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113221. [PMID: 39321709 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) has been implicated in immune evasion in various tumor types. The objective of this investigation was to assess the correlation between metastasis-associated interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 (IFITM2) and PDL1, and explore their impact on tumor immunity in gastric cancer (GC). The expression of IFITM2 and PDL1 in human GC tissues was initially evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, as well as immunohistochemistry (IHC). Subsequently, the relationship between IFITM2 and PDL1 was analyzed through Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting after cell transfection and inhibitor treatment in vitro. The role of IFITM2 and PDL1 in immune killing was further elucidated in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Our study revealed frequent overexpression of IFITM2 and PDL1 in GC. Notably, IFITM2 expression was significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis, clinical stage, and poor survival. Moreover, a positive correlation between PDL1 expression and IFITM2 expression in GC was identified. The activation of tumor-derived IFITM2 was found to enhance PDL1 expression via the JAK/STAT3 pathway in human GC cells (MKN28 and MKN45), leading to apoptosis of Jurkat T cells. Furthermore, IFITM2 induced PDL1 expression in a xenograft mouse model of GC. Based on our findings, we propose that IFITM2 modulates PDL1 expression and tumor immunity through the JAK/STAT3 pathway in GC cells, highlighting the potential of IFITM2 as a therapeutic target for GC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 Jiazi Road, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, PR China.
| | - Jiyun Liang
- Department of Oncology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 Jiazi Road, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, PR China
| | - Junyong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 Jiazi Road, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Oncology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 Jiazi Road, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, PR China
| | - Jiangyuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 Jiazi Road, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, PR China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 Jiazi Road, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, PR China
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Baridjavadi Z, Mahmoudi M, Abdollahi N, Ebadpour N, Mollazadeh S, Haghmorad D, Esmaeili SA. The humoral immune landscape in Parkinson's disease: Unraveling antibody and B cell changes. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4109. [PMID: 39189398 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) region of the brain. Although the role of neuroinflammation and cellular immunity in PD has been extensively studied, the involvement of humoral immunity mediated by antibodies and B cells has received less attention. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current understanding of humoral immunity in PD. Here, we discuss alterations in B cells in PD, including changes in their number and phenotype. Evidence mostly indicates a decrease in the quantity of B cells in PD, accompanied by a shift in the population from naïve to memory cells. Furthermore, the existence of autoantibodies that target several antigens in PD has been investigated (i.e., anti-α-syn autoantibodies, anti-glial-derived antigen antibodies, anti-Tau antibodies, antineuromelanin antibodies, and antibodies against the renin-angiotensin system). Several autoantibodies are generated in PD, which may either provide protection or have harmful effects on disease progression. Furthermore, we have reviewed studies focusing on the utilization of antibodies as a potential treatment for PD, both in animal and clinical trials. This review sheds light on the intricate interplay between antibodies and the pathological processes in PD, including complement system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Baridjavadi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Abdollahi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Ebadpour
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Song Y, Lei L, Cai X, Wei H, Yu CY. Immunomodulatory Peptides for Tumor Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400512. [PMID: 38657003 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Peptides exhibit various biological activities, including biorecognition, cell targeting, and tumor penetration, and can stimulate immune cells to elicit immune responses for tumor immunotherapy. Peptide self-assemblies and peptide-functionalized nanocarriers can reduce the effect of various biological barriers and the degradation by peptidases, enhancing the efficiency of peptide delivery and improving antitumor immune responses. To date, the design and development of peptides with various functionalities have been extensively reviewed for enhanced chemotherapy; however, peptide-mediated tumor immunotherapy using peptides acting on different immune cells, to the knowledge, has not yet been summarized. Thus, this work provides a review of this emerging subject of research, focusing on immunomodulatory anticancer peptides. This review introduces the role of peptides in the immunomodulation of innate and adaptive immune cells, followed by a link between peptides in the innate and adaptive immune systems. The peptides are discussed in detail, following a classification according to their effects on different innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as immune checkpoints. Subsequently, two delivery strategies for peptides as drugs are presented: peptide self-assemblies and peptide-functionalized nanocarriers. The concluding remarks regarding the challenges and potential solutions of peptides for tumor immunotherapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Longtianyang Lei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xingyu Cai
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
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Zeng Z, Yoshida Y, Wang D, Fujii Y, Shen M, Mimura T, Tanaka Y. Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines Are Synergistically Induced in a ROS-Dependent Manner by a Co-Culture of Corneal Epithelial Cells and Neutrophil-like Cells in the Presence of Particulate Matter. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:467. [PMID: 38671915 PMCID: PMC11047649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular exposure to particulate matter (PM) causes local inflammation; however, the influence of neutrophils on PM-induced ocular inflammation is still not fully understood. In this study, we constructed a system to investigate the role of PM in ocular inflammation using a co-culture of human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T) and differentiation-induced neutrophils (dHL-60). To investigate whether HCE-T directly endocytosed PM, we performed a holographic analysis, which showed the endocytosis of PM in HCE-T. The cytokines and chemokines produced by HCE-T were measured using an ELISA. HCE-T treated with PM produced IL-6 and IL-8, which were inhibited by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), suggesting the involvement of ROS. Their co-culture with dHL-60 enhanced their production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. This suggests an inflammatory loop involving intraocular corneal epithelial cells and neutrophils. These cytokines and chemokines are mainly regulated by NF-κB. Therefore, this co-culture system was examined in the presence of an IKK inhibitor known to downregulate NF-κB activity. The IKK inhibitor dramatically suppressed the production of these factors in co-culture supernatants. The results suggest that the inflammatory loop observed in the co-culture is mediated through ROS and the transcription factor NF-κB. Thus, the co-culture system is considered a valuable tool for analyzing complex inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Zeng
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (Y.F.)
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yuri Fujii
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (Y.F.)
| | - Mengyue Shen
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (Y.F.)
- Department of Medical Teaching, West China Center of Medical Sciences of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tatsuya Mimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Liu Y, Li S, Liu B, Zhang J, Wang C, Feng L. Maternal urban particulate matter (SRM 1648a) exposure disrupted the cellular immune homeostasis during early life: The potential attribution of altered placental transcriptome profile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169432. [PMID: 38135080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particular matter (PM2.5) exposure has been associated with numerous adverse effects including triggering functional disorders of the placenta and inducing immune imbalance in offspring. However, how maternal PM2.5 exposure impacts immune development during early life is not fully understood. In the current study, we exposed mice with low-, middle-, and high-dose PM2.5 during pregnancy to investigate the potential link between the transcriptional changes in the placenta and immune imbalance in mice offspring induced by PM2.5 exposures. Using flow cytometry, we found that the proportions of B cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, and macrophage (Mφ) cells were altered in the blood of PM2.5-exposed mice pups but not dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer cells (NKs). Using bulk RNA sequencing, we found that PM2.5 exposure altered the transcriptional profile which indicated an inhibition of the complement and coagulation cascades in the placenta. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed the potential crosstalk between the perturbation of placental gene expression and the changes of immune cell subsets in pups on postnatal day 10 (PND10). Specifically, WGCNA identified a cluster of genes including Defb15, Defb20, Defb25, Cst8, Cst12, and Adam7 that might regulate the core immune cell types in PND10 pups. Although the underlying mechanisms of how maternal PM2.5 exposure induces peripheral lymphocyte disturbance in offspring still remain much unknown, our findings here shed light on the potential role of placental dysfunction in these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuman Li
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| | - Liping Feng
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA.
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Zhao Y, Li M, Mao J, Su Y, Huang X, Xia W, Leng X, Zan T. Immunomodulation of wound healing leading to efferocytosis. SMART MEDICINE 2024; 3:e20230036. [PMID: 39188510 PMCID: PMC11235971 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20230036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Effectively eliminating apoptotic cells is precisely controlled by a variety of signaling molecules and a phagocytic effect known as efferocytosis. Abnormalities in efferocytosis may bring about the development of chronic conditions, including angiocardiopathy, chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases. During wound healing, failure of efferocytosis leads to the collection of apoptosis, the release of necrotic material and chronic wounds that are difficult to heal. In addition to the traditional phagocytes-macrophages, other important cell species including dendritic cells, neutrophils, vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes contribute to wounding healing. This review summarizes how efferocytosis-mediated immunomodulation plays a repair-promoting role in wound healing, providing new insights for patients suffering from various cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Cosmetic and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Minxiong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiayi Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yinghong Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenzheng Xia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangfeng Leng
- Department of Cosmetic and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Tao Zan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Yang Q, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zheng J, Li R, Li L, Mo L, Liang Q, Chen F, Wang J, Li X. Flot2 deficiency facilitates B cell-mediated inflammatory responses and endotoxic shock. Immunology 2023; 170:567-578. [PMID: 37688314 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease characterized by multiple organ dysfunction. B cells play a pivotal role in sepsis. Here, we first observed the significantly reduced Flot2 gene expression in B cells from patients with bacterial sepsis and endotoxin-induced septic mice. However, the effects of Flot2 on sepsis and B-cell immunity remain unknown. Thus, we sorted B cells from Flot2 knockout (Flot2-/- ) mice, RNA-seq revealed significantly upregulated effector B cell (Beff) cytokines such as Il6, Il1b and Cxcl10 after Flot2 deficiency, while it showed no effect on the expression of regulatory B cell (Breg) cytokines such as Il10, Tgfb. Consistently, elevated Beff cytokine IL-6 and unchanged Breg cytokine IL-10 were shown in B cells from Flot2-/- mice. Similar results were subsequently observed in B cell-specific Flot2 knockout chimeric mice. Notably, Flot2 deficiency aggravated sepsis with increased lung injury and shortened survival time in vivo by facilitating Beffs but not Bregs. Taken together, our data identify Flot2 as a novel controller of B cells, Flot2 deficiency amplifies inflammation by affecting Beffs to participate in the pathogenesis and progression of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Chen
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehuang Zheng
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruopeng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Mo
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghe Liang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengsheng Chen
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Graver JC, Jiemy WF, Altulea DHA, van Sleen Y, Xu S, van der Geest KSM, Verstappen GMPJ, Heeringa P, Abdulahad WH, Brouwer E, Boots AMH, Sandovici M. Cytokine producing B-cells and their capability to polarize macrophages in giant cell arteritis. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103111. [PMID: 37703805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lack of disease-specific autoantibodies in giant cell arteritis (GCA) suggests an alternative role for B-cells readily detected in the inflamed arteries. Here we study the cytokine profile of tissue infiltrated and peripheral blood B-cells of patients with GCA. Moreover, we investigate the macrophage skewing capability of B-cell-derived cytokines. METHODS The presence of various cytokines in B-cell areas in temporal artery (n = 11) and aorta (n = 10) was identified by immunohistochemistry. PBMCs of patients with GCA (n = 11) and polymyalgia rheumatica (n = 10), and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were stimulated, followed by flow cytometry for cytokine expression in B-cells. The skewing potential of B-cell-derived cytokines (n = 6 for GCA and HC) on macrophages was studied in vitro. RESULTS The presence of IL-6, GM-CSF, TNFα, IFNγ, LTβ and IL-10 was documented in B-cells and B-cell rich areas of GCA arteries. In vitro, B-cell-derived cytokines (from both GCA and HC) skewed macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype with enhanced expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-23, YKL-40 and MMP-9. In vitro stimulated peripheral blood B-cells from treatment-naïve GCA patients showed an enhanced frequency of IL-6+ and TNFα+IL-6+ B-cells compared to HCs. This difference was no longer detected in treatment-induced remission. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate positively correlated with IL-6+TNFα+ B-cells. CONCLUSION B-cells are capable of producing cytokines and steering macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Although the capacity of B-cells in skewing macrophages is not GCA specific, these data support a cytokine-mediated role for B-cells in GCA and provide grounds for B-cell targeted therapy in GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacoba C Graver
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - William F Jiemy
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dania H A Altulea
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yannick van Sleen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kornelis S M van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M P J Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Sandovici
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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10
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Qiao S, Peng Y, Zhang C, Thomas R, Wang S, Yang X. IFNγ-Producing B Cells Play a Regulating Role in Infection-Mediated Inhibition of Allergy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1259. [PMID: 37759658 PMCID: PMC10525206 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The hygiene hypothesis suggests that some infections may inhibit the development of allergic diseases, but the mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study has shown that Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) lung infection can inhibit local eosinophilic inflammation induced by ovalbumin (OVA) through the modulation of dendritic cell (DC) and T cell responses in mice. In this study, we explored the role of B cells in the chlamydial-infection-mediated modulation of allergic responses. The results showed that adoptive transfer of B cells isolated from Cm-infected mice (Cm-B cells), unlike those from naïve mice (naïve B cells), could effectively inhibit allergic airway eosinophilia and mucus overproduction, as well as Th2 cytokine responses. In addition, total IgE/IgG1 and OVA-specific IgE/IgG1 antibodies in the serum were also decreased by the adoptive transfer of Cm-B cells. Intracellular cytokine analysis showed that B cells from Cm-infected mice produced higher levels of IFNγ than those from naïve mice. More interestingly, the inhibiting effect of adoptively transferred Cm-B cells on allergic reactions was virtually abolished by the simultaneous blockade of IFNγ using a monoclonal antibody. The results suggest that B cells modulated by chlamydial lung infection could play a regulatory role in OVA-induced acute allergic responses in the lung via the production of IFNγ. The results provide new insights into the targets related to the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (S.Q.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (R.T.); (S.W.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Immunology, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (S.Q.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (R.T.); (S.W.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (S.Q.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (R.T.); (S.W.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Rony Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (S.Q.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (R.T.); (S.W.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Shuhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (S.Q.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (R.T.); (S.W.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (S.Q.); (Y.P.); (C.Z.); (R.T.); (S.W.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Max College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
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11
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Wang D, Zeng Z, Shen M, Okazaki R, Miyata H, Yonezawa T, Yoshida Y. ATP Consumption Is Coupled with Endocytosis in Exudated Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109039. [PMID: 37240384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil energy metabolism during phagocytosis has been previously reported, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a crucial role in endocytosis. Neutrophils are prepared by intraperitoneal injection of thioglycolate for 4 h. We previously reported a system established for measuring particulate matter endocytosis by neutrophils using flow cytometry. In this study, we utilized this system to investigate the relationship between endocytosis and energy consumption in neutrophils. A dynamin inhibitor suppressed ATP consumption triggered by neutrophil endocytosis. In the presence of exogenous ATP, neutrophils behave differently during endocytosis depending on ATP concentration. The inhibition of ATP synthase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase but not phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase suppresses neutrophil endocytosis. The nuclear factor kappa B was activated during endocytosis and inhibited by I kappa B kinase (IKK) inhibitors. Notably, IKK inhibitors restored endocytosis-triggered ATP consumption. Furthermore, data from the NLR family pyrin domain containing three knockout mice suggest that inflammasome activation is not involved in neutrophil endocytosis or concomitant ATP consumption. To summarize, these molecular events occur via endocytosis, which is closely related to ATP-centered energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Zirui Zeng
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Mengyue Shen
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
- Department of Medical Teaching, West China Center of Medical Sciences of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hironori Miyata
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tomo Yonezawa
- Division of Functional Genomics and Therapeutic Innovation, Research Center for Advanced Genomics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-14 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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12
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Azevedo MDCS, Marques H, Binelli LS, Malange MSV, Devides AC, Fachin LRV, Soares CT, Belone ADFF, Rosa PS, Garlet GP, Trombone APF. B lymphocytes deficiency results in altered immune response and increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium leprae in a murine leprosy model. Cytokine 2023; 165:156184. [PMID: 36996537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic and infectious disease that primarily affects the skin and peripheral nervous system, presenting a wide spectrum of clinical forms with different degrees of severity. The distinct host immune response patters developed in the response to the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae, the leprosy etiologic agent, are associated with the spectral clinical forms and outcome of the disease. In this context, B cells are allegedly involved in the disease immunopathogenesis, usually as antibody-producing cells, but also as potential effector or regulatory elements. In order to determine the regulatory B cells role in experimental leprosy, this study evaluated the outcome of M. leprae infection in B cell deficient mice (BKO) and WT C57Bl/6 control, by means of microbiological/bacilloscopic, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis, performed 8 months after M. leprae inoculation. The results demonstrated that infected BKO showed a higher bacilli number when compared with WT animals, demonstrating the importance of these cells in experimental leprosy. The molecular analysis demonstrates that the expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β was significantly higher in the BKO footpads when compared to WT group. Conversely, there was no difference in IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 expression levels in BKO and WT groups. IL-17 expression was significantly higher in the lymph nodes of WT group. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that M1 (CD80+) cells counts were significantly lower in the BKO group, while no significant difference was observed to M2 (CD206+) counts, resulting a skewed M1/M2 balance. These results demonstrated that the absence of B lymphocytes contribute to the persistence and multiplication of M. leprae, probably due to the increased expression of the IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines, as well as a decrease in the number of M1 macrophages in the inflammatory site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heloísa Marques
- Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração, UNISAGRADO - Bauru, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piauí - Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Binelli
- Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração, UNISAGRADO - Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda C Devides
- Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração, UNISAGRADO - Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo University - FOB/USP - Bauru, SP, Brazil
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13
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Goretzki A, Lin YJ, Meier C, Dorn B, Wolfheimer S, Jamin A, Schott M, Wangorsch A, Vieths S, Jakob T, Scheurer S, Schülke S. Stimulation of naïve B cells with a fusion protein consisting of FlaA and Bet v 1 induces regulatory B cells ex vivo. Allergy 2023; 78:663-681. [PMID: 36196479 DOI: 10.1111/all.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experimental fusion protein rFlaA:Betv1 was shown to efficiently suppress allergen-specific sensitization in mice. However, the detailed mechanism of rFlaA:Betv1-mediated immune modulation is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of rFlaA:Betv1 on naïve murine B cells. METHODS Immune modulating capacity of rFlaA:Betv1 was screened in IL-10 reporter mice. B cells were isolated from spleens of naïve C57Bl/6, TLR5-/- , or MyD88-/- mice, stimulated with rFlaA:Betv1 and controls, and monitored for the expression of the regulatory B cell markers CD1d, CD24, CD38, and surface IgM by flow cytometry. Secreted cytokines, antibodies, and reactivity of the induced antibodies were investigated by ELISA and intracellular flow cytometry. Suppressive capacity of rFlaA:Betv1-stimulated B cells was tested in mDC:CD4+ T cell:B cell triple cultures. RESULTS Upon in vivo application of rFlaA:Betv1 into IL-10-GFP reporter mice, CD19+ B cells were shown to produce anti-inflammatory IL-10, suggesting B cells to contribute to the immune-modulatory properties of rFlaA:Betv1. rFlaA:Betv1-induced IL-10 secretion was confirmed in human B cells isolated from buffy coats. In vitro stimulation of naïve murine B cells with rFlaA:Betv1 resulted in an mTOR- and MyD88-dependent production of IL-10 and rFlaA:Betv1 induced Bet v 1-reactive IgG production, which was not observed for IgA. rFlaA:Betv1-stimulated B cells formed a CD19+ CD24+ CD1d+ IgM+ CD38+ Breg subpopulation capable of suppressing Bet v 1-induced TH2 cytokine secretion in vitro. CONCLUSION rFlaA:Betv1 can act as a thymus-independent B cell antigen, stimulating the mTOR- and MyD88-dependent differentiation of B cells displaying a regulatory phenotype, IL-10 secretion, antigen-binding antibody production, and a suppressive capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Ju Lin
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Clara Meier
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Britta Dorn
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Annette Jamin
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Maike Schott
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Vieths
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schülke
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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14
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B cells promote granulomatous inflammation during chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011187. [PMID: 36888692 PMCID: PMC9994760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study reveals that in chronic TB, the B cell-deficient μMT strain, relative to wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, displays in the lungs lower levels of inflammation that are associated with decreased CD4+ T cell proliferation, diminished Th1 response, and enhanced levels of interleukin (IL)-10. The latter result raises the possibility that B cells may restrict lung expression of IL-10 in chronic TB. These observations are recapitulated in WT mice depleted for B cells using anti-CD20 antibodies. IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) blockade reverses the phenotypes of decreased inflammation and attenuated CD4+ T cell responses in B cell-depleted mice. Together, these results suggest that in chronic murine TB, B cells, by virtue of their capacity to restrict expression of the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive IL-10 in the lungs, promote the development of a robust protective Th1 response, thereby optimizing anti-TB immunity. This vigorous Th1 immunity and restricted IL-10 expression may, however, allow the development of inflammation to a level that can be detrimental to the host. Indeed, decreased lung inflammation observed in chronically infected B cell-deficient mice, which exhibit augmented lung IL-10 levels, is associated with a survival advantage relative to WT animals. Collectively, the results reveal that in chronic murine TB, B cells play a role in modulating the protective Th1 immunity and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 response, which results in augmentation of lung inflammation that can be host-detrimental. Intriguingly, in tuberculous human lungs, conspicuous B cell aggregates are present in close proximity to tissue-damaging lesions manifesting necrosis and cavitation, suggesting the possibility that in human TB, B cells may contribute to the development of exacerbated pathology that is known to promote transmission. Since transmission is a major hindrance to TB control, investigating into whether B cells can shape the development of severe pulmonic pathological responses in tuberculous individuals is warranted.
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15
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Nakamura S, Ohuchida K, Ohtsubo Y, Yamada Y, Tsutsumi C, Okuda S, Hisano K, Mochida Y, Shinkawa T, Iwamoto C, Torata N, Mizuuchi Y, Shindo K, Nakata K, Moriyama T, Torisu T, Nagai E, Morisaki T, Kitazono T, Oda Y, Nakamura M. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals functional changes in tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes after chemotherapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1181. [PMID: 36650114 PMCID: PMC9845121 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour immune microenvironment is related with carcinogenesis and efficacy of immunotherapy. B cells play major roles in humoral immunity, but detailed functions of tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) are unknown. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the functional heterogeneity of TIL-Bs in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and lymph nodes (LNs) during chemotherapy. METHODS Single-cell transcriptome analysis was performed on 23 specimens. We also performed immunohistochemical analysis of immunoglobulin κ C (IGKC), an antibody-secreting cell (ASC) marker, in 166 ESCC samples and evaluated the implication of IGKC in 2-year recurrence free survival (RFS) and 3-year overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 81,246 cells were grouped into 24 clusters. We extracted B cell clusters based on canonical markers and identified 12 TIL-B subtypes in ESCC. We found that several functions, such as co-stimulation and CD40 signalling, were enhanced in TIL-Bs after chemotherapy. The proportion of naive B cells (NBCs) decreased and B cell activation genes were up-regulated in NBCs after chemotherapy. The proportion of ASCs in tumours increased with the loss of migratory abilities and antibody production in ASCs was promoted after chemotherapy. Differentially expressed genes up-regulated with chemotherapy in ASCs correlated with prolonged survival with oesophageal cancer (p = .028). In a metastatic LN, the ASC proportion increased and B cell differentiation was enhanced. In immunohistochemical analysis, RFS and OS of high IGKC expression cases were significantly better than those of low IGKC expression cases (RFS: p < .0001, OS: p < .0001). And in multivariable analysis, the expression of IGKC was an independent favourable prognostic factor for RFS (hazard ratio (HR): 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12-0.45, p < .0001) and OS (HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.086-0.47, p = .0002) in ESCC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel insights for the heterogeneity of TIL-Bs during chemotherapy and will be useful to understand the clinical importance of TIL-Bs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshiki Ohtsubo
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Anatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Chikanori Tsutsumi
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Sho Okuda
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kyoko Hisano
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Shinkawa
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of HematologyClinical Immunology and Infectious DiseasesGraduate School of MedicineEhime UniversityEhimeJapan
| | - Nobuhiro Torata
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yusuke Mizuuchi
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Taiki Moriyama
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takehiro Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Eishi Nagai
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of SurgeryFukuoka Red Cross HospitalFukuokaJapan
| | - Takashi Morisaki
- Department of Cancer ImmunotherapyFukuoka General Cancer ClinicFukuokaJapan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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16
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Ding S, Sun Z, Jiang J, Chang X, Shen Y, Gu Y, Liu C. Inducible costimulator ligand (ICOSL) on CD19+ B cells is involved in immunopathological damage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015831. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible costimulator (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOSL) are critical to regulate the immune response in autoimmune diseases. The participation of B lymphocytes exhibits pathogenic potential in the disease process of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the precise role of ICOSL in RA remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory effects of CD19+ICOSL+ B cells in the pathogenesis of RA. We demonstrated the increased expression of ICOS and ICOSL in patients with RA and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. The population of CD19+ICOSL+ B-cell subset was significantly correlated with clinicopathological characteristics of RA patients and CIA mice. Adoptive transfer of CD19+ICOSL+ B cells aggravated arthritic progression in CIA mice. Moreover, microarray analysis revealed that CD19+ICOSL+ cells could exert pivotal effect in pathological process of RA. Further blocking of ICOSL significantly inhibited proinflammatory responses and ameliorated arthritic progression. Therefore, CD19+ICOSL+ B-cell subset could be defined as a specific pathogenic cell subpopulation involved in immunopathological damage of RA. Blockade of ICOSL is promising to be a potential new approach for RA therapy.
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17
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King JK, Tran TM, Paing MH, Yin Y, Jaiswal AK, Tso CH, Roy K, Casero D, Rao DS. Regulation of T-independent B-cell responses by microRNA-146a. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984302. [PMID: 36172375 PMCID: PMC9511149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNA, miR-146a, is a negative feedback regulator of the central immune transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB). MiR-146a plays important roles in the immune system, and miR-146a deficient mice show a complex phenotype with features of chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease. In this study, we examined the role of miR-146a in extrafollicular B-cell responses, finding that miR-146a suppresses cellular responses in vivo and in vitro. Gene expression profiling revealed that miR-146a-deficient B-cells showed upregulation of interferon pathway genes, including Traf6, a known miR-146a target. We next interrogated the role of TRAF6 in these B-cell responses, finding that TRAF6 is required for proliferation by genetic and pharmacologic inhibition. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel role for miR-146a and TRAF6 in the extrafollicular B-cell responses, which have recently been tied to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Our work highlights the pathogenetic role of miR-146a and the potential of pharmacologic inhibition of TRAF6 in autoimmune diseases in which miR-146a is deregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. King
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tiffany M. Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - May H. Paing
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amit K. Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tso
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Koushik Roy
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - David Casero
- F Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dinesh S. Rao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
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18
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Tian X, Yang Z, Wan G, Xie T, Wang M, Sun H, Mei X, Zhang Z, Li X, Wang S. Vaccination with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoite-formation deficient 1 (rTgBFD1) antigen provides partial protective immunity against chronic T. gondii infection. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:957479. [PMID: 36172608 PMCID: PMC9510678 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.957479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an apicomplexan pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii still remains a major threat to public health and requires special attention. In fact, positive attempts to identify more effective antigens to provide protection are important to control toxoplasmosis. Latest scientific advances in T. gondii study hint at the probability of the T. gondii bradyzoite-formation deficient 1 (TgBFD1) as an ideal vaccine candidate, since this molecule plays a critical role in regulating the chronic infection of T. gondii. Thus, BALB/c mouse models of acute and chronic T. gondii infections were used to evaluate the TgBFD1 protection efficacy in this study. Before conducting animal trials, antigen analysis of TgBFD1 was performed using DNAstar software and Western blots. The preliminary results suggested that TgBFD1 should be a potent immunogen. Then, this conclusion is confirmed by ELISA assays. After immunization with rTgBFD1, high levels of specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and cytokines (Interferon γ and interleukin 10) were observed, indicating that TgBFD1 could induce strong protective antibody responses. While TgBFD1-specific IgG antibodies were measurable in vaccinated mice, no protection was observed in the acute T. gondii infection (RH strain) assay. However, a noticeable decrease in brain cysts counts of immunized mice compared with negative controls in the latent T. gondii infection (PRU strain) assay was observed. Taken together, these results indicated that rTgBFD1 had the remarkable ability to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses and could provide partial protective immunity against chronic T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Tian
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenke Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangmin Wan
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hanqi Sun
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuefang Mei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangrui Li
| | - Shuai Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Shuai Wang
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Tian X, Wang M, Xie T, Wan G, Sun H, Mei X, Zhang Z, Li X, Wang S. A recombinant protein vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii Cyst wall 2 (dense granule protein 47) provides partial protection against acute and chronic T. gondii infection in BALB/c mice. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106514. [PMID: 35580637 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii poses a major threat to economies and public health, and there are still no available vaccines for human against T. gondii infection. T. gondii cyst wall 2 (TgCST2, also known as dense granule protein-47) is a critical molecule in the establishment of chronic infection, making it a potential vaccine candidate. In this research, the recombinant TgCST2 (rTgCST2) was employed to evaluate the protective efficacy of TgCST2 antigen using BALB/c mice model against T. gondii infections via active immunization trials. First, the strong immunogenicity of TgCST2 was indicated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, which mean that TgCST2 might elicit robust immune responses in the organism. Then, after triply subcutaneous immunization with rTgCST2/ISA 201 emulsion, high levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and cytokines (Interferon γ and interleukin 10) further suggested that TgCST2 was a promising immunogenic antigen. More importantly, this antigen could prolong survival in RH strain infected mice and resulted in the lower brain cysts size and number of PRU strain infected mice. These preliminary results demonstrated the immunoprophylactic effects of TgCST2 antigen and will inform new studies in developing subunit recombinant vaccines against T. gondii.
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20
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Tian X, Sun H, Wang M, Wan G, Xie T, Mei X, Zhang Z, Li X, Wang S. A Novel Vaccine Candidate: Recombinant Toxoplasma gondii Perforin-Like Protein 2 Stimulates Partial Protective Immunity Against Toxoplasmosis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:802250. [PMID: 35252413 PMCID: PMC8890382 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.802250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan pathogen infecting 2 billion people and numerous livestock, causing a major threat to economies and human health. Passive-active immunoprophylaxis is an efficient approach to provide protection against toxoplasmosis. T. gondii perforin-like protein 2 (TgPLP2) contains a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain, making it a potential vaccine candidate. Here, we aimed to assess the protection efficacy of TgPLP2 using Bagg albino/c (BALB/c) mice model. The Escherichia coli system was used to obtain the recombinant TgPLP2 (rTgPLP2). Mice challenged by anti-rTgPLP2 polyclonal antibodies (PcAb) pretreated tachyzoites showed obviously increased survival outcomes. In addition, mice that passively received anti-rTgPLP2 PcAb following a lethal dose of tachyzoites infection had longer survival time compared with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) controls. Furthermore, we demonstrated that immunization with rTgPLP2 could prolong survival in RH strain infected mice and resulted in the lowest brain cysts size and number of Prugniaud (PRU) genotype II strain infected mice. High levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-10) were produced after two immunizations with rTgPLP2. Together these results indicated that TgPLP2 can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses to protect host against infection and thus is a potential candidate for T. gondii vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Tian
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hanqi Sun
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangmin Wan
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuefang Mei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangrui Li
| | - Shuai Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Shuai Wang
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21
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Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Ayadhi LY, Sarawi W, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Alqarni SA, Ali N, AsSobeai HM. Imbalance in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines milieu in B cells of children with autism. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:297-304. [PMID: 34915269 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B cells play multiple roles in preservation of healthy immune system including management of immune responses by expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several earlier studies have documented that B cells express both pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. However, it is yet to be examined whether these pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines are expressed in B cells of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Pathophysiology of ASD begins in early childhood and is characterized by repetitive/restricted behavioral patterns, and dysfunction in communal/communication skills. ASD pathophysiology also has a strong component of immune dysfunction which has been highlighted in numerous earlier publications. In this study, we specifically explored pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10) in B cells of ASD subjects and compared them typically developing control (TDC) children. Present study shows that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α are elevated in B cells of ASD subjects, while anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 is decreased in ASD group when compared to TDC group. Further, TLR4 activation by its ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) further upregulates inflammatory potential of B cells from ASD group by increasing IL-6 expression, whereas LPS has no significant effect on IL-10 expression in ASD group. Furthermore, LPS-induced inflammatory signaling of IL-6 in B cells of ASD subjects was partially mitigated by the pretreatment with NF-kB inhibitor. Present study propounds the idea that B cells could be crucial players in causing immune dysfunction in ASD subjects through an imbalance in expression of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Y Al-Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedad Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M AsSobeai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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García-Merino A. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A New Generation of Promising Agents for Multiple Sclerosis Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:2560. [PMID: 34685540 PMCID: PMC8534278 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), as demonstrated through the success of various B cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical molecule in intracellular signaling from the receptor of B cells and receptors expressed in the cells of the innate immune system. BTK inhibitors may be a non-cell-depleting alternative to B cell modulation. In this review, the structure, signaling, and roles of BTK are reviewed among the different inhibitors assayed in animal models of MS and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Merino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Foundation for Biomedical Research, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Song Y, Okazaki R, Yoshida Y. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype and activation of NF-κB in splenocytes of old mice exposed to irradiation at a young age. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104124. [PMID: 33974965 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage-induced cellular senescence is involved in aging. We reported previously that p53+/- mice subjected to irradiation at a young age exhibited an increased number of splenic lymphocytes in the S and G2/M phases. However, the detailed nature of splenic disorders in these mice is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects on molecules in splenocytes, especially on senescence factors after early exposure of mice to radiation. Mice, 8- (young) or 17-, 30-, and 41-week-old (old) p53+/- were subjected to 3-Gy whole-body irradiation. Splenocytes were prepared at 56 weeks of age. Immunoblot showed that irradiation at 8 weeks enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of p53, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cell division cycle 6, and the MDM2 proto-oncogene in splenocytes. However, these molecules were not affected by irradiation at 17, 30, and 41 weeks of age. Similarly, irradiation at 8, but not 17, 30, or 41 weeks, induced phosphorylation of IKKα, NF-κB inhibitor alpha, and p65. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that active forms of NF-κB were increased. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 production was enhanced in splenocytes of mice irradiated at 8 weeks. ATP levels were increased in splenocytes of mice irradiated at 8, but not 17, 30, or 41 weeks. CDK2 expression and p65 phosphorylation were induced in CD45R/B220+ cells from irradiated mice. Overall, irradiation induced a NF-κB-related immune response in the spleen with an increase in senescence marker proteins, such as CDKs and IL-6, which are known to be typical senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors related to stresses, such as DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Song
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 169 Tian Shan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences Group for Environmental Evaluation, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
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24
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Karami Fath M, Jahangiri A, Ganji M, Sefid F, Payandeh Z, Hashemi ZS, Pourzardosht N, Hessami A, Mard-Soltani M, Zakeri A, Rahbar MR, Khalili S. SARS-CoV-2 Proteome Harbors Peptides Which Are Able to Trigger Autoimmunity Responses: Implications for Infection, Vaccination, and Population Coverage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705772. [PMID: 34447375 PMCID: PMC8383889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) could occur due to infectious diseases and vaccination programs. Since millions of people are expected to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated against it, autoimmune consequences seem inevitable. Therefore, we have investigated the whole proteome of the SARS-CoV-2 for its ability to trigger ADs. In this regard, the entire proteome of the SARS-CoV-2 was chopped into more than 48000 peptides. The produced peptides were searched against the entire human proteome to find shared peptides with similar experimentally confirmed T-cell and B-cell epitopes. The obtained peptides were checked for their ability to bind to HLA molecules. The possible population coverage was calculated for the most potent peptides. The obtained results indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 and human proteomes share 23 peptides originated from ORF1ab polyprotein, nonstructural protein NS7a, Surface glycoprotein, and Envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2. Among these peptides, 21 peptides had experimentally confirmed equivalent epitopes. Amongst, only nine peptides were predicted to bind to HLAs with known global allele frequency data, and three peptides were able to bind to experimentally confirmed HLAs of equivalent epitopes. Given the HLAs which have already been reported to be associated with ADs, the ESGLKTIL, RYPANSIV, NVAITRAK, and RRARSVAS were determined to be the most harmful peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome. It would be expected that the COVID-19 pandemic and the vaccination against this pathogen could significantly increase the ADs incidences, especially in populations harboring HLA-B*08:01, HLA-A*024:02, HLA-A*11:01 and HLA-B*27:05. The Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania are at higher risk of AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Jahangiri
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ganji
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sefid
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Pourzardosht
- Biochemistry Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Anahita Hessami
- School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maysam Mard-Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Alireza Zakeri
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Qin M, Wang D, Fang Y, Zheng Z, Liu X, Wu F, Wang L, Li X, Hui B, Ma S, Tang W, Pan X. Current Perspectives on B Lymphocytes in the Immunobiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:647854. [PMID: 34235074 PMCID: PMC8256159 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.647854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells infiltrating tumors are capable of significantly impacting carcinogenesis through cancer promotion and anticancer responses. There are many aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related T lymphocytes that are undergoing extensive studies, whereas the effect exerted by B lymphocytes remains a less researched area. In this study, the latest research on the effect of B lymphocytes as they infiltrate tumors in relation to HCC is presented. Their prognosis-related importance is analyzed, along with their function in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as the way that B cell biology can be employed to help create a B cell therapy strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijiao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqing Hui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijie Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiongxiong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Tiwari RK, Moin A, Rizvi SMD, Shahid SMA, Bajpai P. Modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration-related dementia: can microglial toll-like receptors pull the plug? Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:829-847. [PMID: 33704660 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration-associated dementia disorders (NADDs), namely Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, are developed by a significant portion of the elderly population globally. Extensive research has provided critical insights into the molecular basis of the pathological advancements of these diseases, but an efficient curative therapy seems elusive. A common attribute of NADDs is neuroinflammation due to a chronic inflammatory response within the central nervous system (CNS), which is primarily modulated by microglia. This response within the CNS is positively regulated by cytokines, chemokines, secondary messengers or cyclic nucleotides, and free radicals. Microglia mediated immune activation is regulated by a positive feedback loop in NADDs. The present review focuses on evaluating the crosstalk between inflammatory mediators and microglia, which aggravates both the clinical progression and extent of NADDs by forming a persistent chronic inflammatory milieu within the CNS. We also discuss the role of the human gut microbiota and its effect on NADDs as well as the suitability of targeting toll-like receptors for an immunotherapeutic intervention targeting the deflation of an inflamed milieu within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Monowar Alam Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Preeti Bajpai
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
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27
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IL-10 producing B cells regulated 1,3-β-glucan induced Th responses in coordinated with Treg. Immunol Lett 2021; 235:15-21. [PMID: 33951473 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to fungi-contaminated dust can lead to multiple adverse effects on the lung, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis, granuloma even irreversible fibrosis. 1,3-β-glucan, a major cell wall component of fungi, is considered as its exposure biomarker. Existing studies showed that a series of Th responses were involved in 1,3-β-glucan induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis, in which macrophages, Treg, and IL-10 producing B cells were reported to participate. The reciprocal interaction among those critical immune cells in 1,3-β-glucan induced inflammation was not investigated yet. To clarify the regulatory mechanism of IL-10 producing B cells on Th and Treg, the current study set up a primary cell co-culture system. The anti-CD22 antibody was injected intraperitoneally to generate IL-10 producing B cells deficiency mouse model. Cells were isolated and purified from C57BL∖6 mice in different groups. Flow cytometry was used to check the phenotype of different cell subtypes. CBA assay and real-time PCR were used to examine the levels of multiple cytokines. Our results indicated that IL-10 producing B cells could modulate the 1,3-β-glucan induced inflammatory response. The modulation of IL-10 producing B cells on Th response after 1,3-β-glucan treatment was cell contact independent. What's more, the modulation pattern of IL-10 producing B cells might be impaired without Treg response. IL-10-producing B cells regulated 1,3-β-glucan induced Th responses in co-ordination with Treg cells.
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28
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Im J, Baik JE, Lee D, Park OJ, Park DH, Yun CH, Han SH. Bacterial Lipoproteins Induce BAFF Production via TLR2/MyD88/JNK Signaling Pathways in Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564699. [PMID: 33123136 PMCID: PMC7566273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a crucial role in survival, differentiation, and antibody secretion of B cells. Microbial products with B-cell mitogenic properties can indirectly promote expansion and activation of B cells by stimulating accessory cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), to induce BAFF. Although bacterial lipoproteins are potent B-cell mitogen like lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), it is uncertain whether they can stimulate DCs to induce BAFF expression. Here, we evaluated the effect of bacterial lipoproteins on BAFF expression in mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. Lipoprotein-deficient Staphylococcus aureus mutant induced relatively low expression level of membrane-bound BAFF (mBAFF) and the mRNA compared with its wild-type strain, implying that bacterial lipoproteins can positively regulate BAFF induction. The synthetic lipopeptides Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4, which mimic bacterial lipoproteins, dose-dependently induced BAFF expression, and their BAFF-inducing capacities were comparable to those of LPS in DCs. Induction of BAFF by the lipopeptide was higher than the induction by other microbe-associated molecular patterns, including peptidoglycan, flagellin, zymosan, lipoteichoic acid, and poly(I:C). Pam3CSK4 induced both mBAFF and soluble BAFF expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. BAFF expression by Pam3CSK4 was completely absent in DCs from TLR2- or MyD88-deficient mice. Among various MAP kinase inhibitors, only JNK inhibitors blocked Pam3CSK4-induced BAFF mRNA expression, while inhibitors blocking ERK or p38 kinase had no such effect. Furthermore, Pam3CSK4 increased the DNA-binding activities of NF-κB and Sp1, but not that of C/EBP. Pam3CSK4-induced BAFF promoter activity via TLR2/1 was blocked by NF-κB or Sp1 inhibitor. Collectively, these results suggest that bacterial lipoproteins induce expression of BAFF through TLR2/MyD88/JNK signaling pathways leading to NF-κB and Sp1 activation in DCs, and BAFF derived from bacterial lipoprotein-stimulated DCs induces B-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Baik
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Hasgur S, Fan R, Zwick DB, Fairchild RL, Valujskikh A. B cell-derived IL-1β and IL-6 drive T cell reconstitution following lymphoablation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2740-2754. [PMID: 32342598 PMCID: PMC7956246 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of T cell homeostatic expansion is crucial for clinical applications of lymphoablative therapies. We previously established that T cell recovery in mouse heart allograft recipients treated with anti-thymocyte globulin (mATG) critically depends on B cells and is mediated by B cell-derived soluble factors. B cell production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 is markedly upregulated after heart allotransplantation and lymphoablation. Neutralizing IL-1β or IL-6 with mAb or the use of recipients lacking mature IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1R, MyD88, or IL-6R impair CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recovery and significantly enhance the graft-prolonging efficacy of lymphoablation. Adoptive co-transfer experiments demonstrate a direct effect of IL-6 but not IL-1β on T lymphocytes. Furthermore, B cells incapable of IL-1β or IL-6 production have diminished capacity to mediate T cell reconstitution and initiate heart allograft rejection upon adoptive transfer into mATG treated B cell deficient recipients. These findings reveal the essential role of B cell-derived IL-1β and IL-6 during homeostatic T cell expansion in a clinically relevant model of lymphoablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheyla Hasgur
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ran Fan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Daniel B. Zwick
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Qian X, An N, Ren Y, Yang C, Zhang X, Li L. Immunosuppressive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:411-427. [PMID: 32935222 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become important seed cells in therapy because of their immunosuppressive function and anti-inflammatory effects. MSCs exert immunosuppressive effects through direct contact or paracrine action. The paracrine functions of MSCs are at least partially mediated by exosomes, which are membrane vesicles, carrying abundant proteins, nucleic acids and other active molecules. MSC-exos have heterogeneity. The exosomes from different donors, tissues generations of MSCs carry different bioactive molecules. These cargos are transferred to recipient cells by endocytosis or binding to proteins on the receptor surface to mediate intercellular communication between different cell types and affect the functions of the recipient cells. Exosomes play an important role in the regulation of the immune system. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exos) carry immunomodulatory effectors or transmit active signal molecules to regulate the biological activities of immune cells and thus mediating immune suppression, especially on macrophages and T cells. Mitochondria and autophagy-related pathways are also associated with MSC-exos immunosuppressive effects. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan An
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenxin Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Huo JH, Wang XY, Gong L, Gu X. Role of regulatory B cells in autoimmune diseases of the digestive system. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:486-492. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i12.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, regulatory B cells (Breg), a subset of functional B cells, have been reported to participate in the negative regulation of immunity in autoimmune diseases by producing interleukin (IL)-10, IL-35, and transforming growth factor-β. However, a specific surface marker for Breg has not been identified and their potential therapeutic role requires further study. This review discusses the function of Breg in autoimmune diseases of the digestive system, with the purpose of highlighting their regulation of immune responses and their potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
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Sanguisorba officinalis L. derived from herbal medicine prevents intestinal inflammation by inducing autophagy in macrophages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9972. [PMID: 32561763 PMCID: PMC7305163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed activation of autophagy is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Accordingly, several autophagy-related genes have been identified as Crohn's disease susceptibility genes. We screened the autophagy activators from a library including 3,922 natural extracts using a high-throughput assay system. The extracts identified as autophagy activators were administered to mice with 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Among the autophagy inducers, Sanguisorba officinalis L. (SO) suppressed DSS-induced colitis. To identify the mechanism by which SO ameliorates colitis, epithelial cell and innate myeloid cells-specific Atg7-deficient mice (Villin-cre; Atg7f/f and LysM-cre; Atg7f/f mice, respectively) were analyzed. SO-mediated inhibition of colitis was observed in Villin-cre; Atg7f/f mice. However, SO and a mixture of its components including catechin acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, and ziyuglycoside II (Mix4) did not suppressed colitis in LysM-cre; Atg7f/f mice. In large intestinal macrophages (Mφ) of Atg7f/f mice, SO and Mix4 upregulated the expression of marker genes of anti-inflammatory Mφ including Arg1, Cd206, and Relma. However, these alterations were not induced in LysM-cre; Atg7f/f mice. These findings indicate that SO and its active components ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by providing intestinal Mφ with anti-inflammatory profiles via promotion of Atg7-dependent autophagy.
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Shi H, Wang W, Yin J, Ouyang Y, Pang L, Feng Y, Qiao L, Guo X, Shi H, Jin R, Chen D. The inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R gives rise to CD8 + T cell and lymphocyte decrease through JAK1-STAT5 in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:429. [PMID: 32513989 PMCID: PMC7276960 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although most patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have a good prognosis, some patients develop to severe or critical illness, and the mortality of critical cases is up to 61.5%. However, specific molecular information about immune response in critical patients with COVID-19 is poorly understood. A total of 54 patients were enrolled and divided into three groups, among which 34 were common, 14 were severe, and 6 were critical. The constitution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients was analyzed by CyTOF. The profile of cytokines was examined in plasma of patients using luminex. The IL-2 signaling pathway was investigated in the PBMC of patients by qRT-PCR. The count and percentage of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in critical patients compared to common and severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The count of T cells, B cells, and NK cells was remarkably decreased in critical patients compared to normal controls. The percentage of CD8+ T cells was significantly lower in critical patients than that in common and severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The expression of IL-2R, JAK1, and STAT5 decreased in PBMC of common, severe, and critical patients, but IL-2 level was elevated in severe patients and decreased in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The decrease of CD8+ T cells in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may be related to the IL-2 signaling pathway. The inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R gives rise to CD8+ T cell and lymphocyte decrease through JAK1-STAT5 in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shi
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Yin
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Yabo Ouyang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Pang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Luxin Qiao
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghua Guo
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Honglin Shi
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China.
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China.
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Golinski ML, Demeules M, Derambure C, Riou G, Maho-Vaillant M, Boyer O, Joly P, Calbo S. CD11c + B Cells Are Mainly Memory Cells, Precursors of Antibody Secreting Cells in Healthy Donors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:32. [PMID: 32158442 PMCID: PMC7051942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11c+ B cells have been reported to be increased in autoimmune diseases, but they are detected in the blood of healthy individuals as well. We aimed to characterize CD11c+ B cells from healthy donors by flow cytometry, microarray analysis, and in vitro functional assays. Here, we report that CD11c+ B cells are a distinct subpopulation of B cells, enriched in the memory subpopulation even if their phenotype is heterogeneous, with overexpression of genes involved in B-cell activation and differentiation as well as in antigen presentation. Upon activation, CD11c+ B cells can differentiate into antibody-secreting cells, and CD11c could be upregulated in CD11c- B cells by B-cell receptor activation. Finally, we show that patients with pemphigus, an autoimmune disease mediated by B cells, have a decreased frequency of CD11c+ B cell after treatment, relative to baseline. Our findings show that CD11c+ B cells are mainly memory B cells prone to differentiate into antibody secreting cells that accumulate with age, independently of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Golinski
- INSERM U1234, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Gaetan Riou
- INSERM U1234, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Maud Maho-Vaillant
- INSERM U1234, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- INSERM U1234, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Immunology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Pascal Joly
- INSERM U1234, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Wang JL, Liang QL, Li TT, He JJ, Bai MJ, Cao XZ, Elsheikha HM, Zhu XQ. Toxoplasma gondii tkl1 Deletion Mutant Is a Promising Vaccine against Acute, Chronic, and Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1562-1570. [PMID: 31996457 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we generated a tkl1 deletion mutant in the Toxoplasma gondii type 1 RH (RHΔtkl1) strain and tested the protective efficacies of vaccination using RHΔtkl1 tachyzoites against acute, chronic, and congenital T. gondii infections in Kunming mice. Mice vaccinated with RHΔtkl1 mounted a strong humoral and cellular response as shown by elevated levels of anti-T. gondii-specific IgG, IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ, and IL-10. All RHΔtkl1-vaccinated mice survived a lethal challenge with 1 × 103 tachyzoites of type 1 RH or ToxoDB#9 (PYS or TgC7) strain as well as 100 cysts or oocysts of Prugniuad strain. All mock-vaccinated plus infected mice have died. Vaccination also protected against cyst- or oocyst-caused chronic infection, reduced vertical transmission caused by oocysts, increased litter size, and maintained body weight of pups born to dams challenged with 10 oocysts on day 5 of gestation. In contrast, all mock-vaccinated plus oocysts-infected dams had aborted, and no fetus has survived. Vaccinated dams remained healthy postinfection, and their brain cyst burden was significantly reduced compared with mock-vaccinated dams infected with oocysts. In vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells revealed that CD8+ T cells are involved in the protection of mice against T. gondii infection. Additionally, adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells from RHΔtkl1-vaccinated mice significantly enhanced the survival of naive mice infected with the pathogenic strain. Together, these data reaffirm the importance of CD8+ T cell responses in future vaccine design for toxoplasmosis and present T. gondii tkl1 gene as a promising vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Qin-Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Meng-Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xue-Zhen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China; and
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Abstract
B cells are typically characterized by their ability to produce antibodies, function as secondary antigen-present cells, and produce various immunoregulatory cytokines. The regulatory B (Breg)-cell population is now widely accepted as an important modulatory component of the immune system that suppresses inflammation. Recent studies indicate that Breg-cell populations are small under physiological conditions but expand substantially in both human patients and murine models of chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, infection, transplantation, and cancer. Almost all B-cell subsets can be induced to form Breg cells. In addition, there are unique Breg-cell subsets such as B10 and Tim-1+ B cells. Immunoregulatory function may be mediated by production of cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β and ensuing suppression of T cells, by direct cell-cell interactions, and (or) by altering the immune microenvironment. In this chapter, we describe in detail the discovery of Breg cells, their phenotypes, differentiation, function, contributions to disease, and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd, 226, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd, 226, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd, 226, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Abstract
Autoreactive B cells can promote autoimmunity through antigen presentation to autoreactive T cells, production of autoantibodies, generation of cytokines promoting T cell activation and differentiation, and inhibition of regulatory T cells and B cells. Here, the authors highlight studies pertaining to B cell mechanisms associated with disease pathogenesis and outcomes in autoimmune hepatitis and the immune-mediated cholangiopathies (primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and biliary atresia). The vast majority of investigations focus on autoantibodies and future research endeavors should include deciphering the role of the B cell in T cell activation (through antigen presentation, cytokine/chemokine production, and inhibition of regulation). Targeting B cell mechanisms in the treatment of autoimmune liver diseases is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Taylor
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David N. Assis
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Cara L. Mack
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Karampetsou MP, Comte D, Suárez-Fueyo A, Katsuyama E, Yoshida N, Kono M, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC. Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1 Engagement Inhibits T Cell-B Cell Interaction and Diminishes Interleukin-6 Production and Plasmablast Differentiation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:99-108. [PMID: 30058241 DOI: 10.1002/art.40682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1) homophilic interactions promote immunoglobulin production and T cell-B cell cross-talk. SLAMF1 is overexpressed on T and B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was undertaken to determine the role of SLAMF1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in modulating T cell-B cell interaction and B cell activation. METHODS Anti-IgM-prestimulated naive or total B cells from either healthy donors or patients with SLE were cocultured with autologous T cells under CD3/CD28 stimulation, in the presence or absence of the SLAMF1 mAb. Naive B cells were stimulated with anti-IgM and CD40L in the presence of the SLAMF1 antibody. Cytokine production by CD4+ T cells and B cells was examined by flow cytometry and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plasmablast formation and T cell and B cell conjugates were assessed by flow cytometry. IgG and antinuclear antibody production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS SLAMF1 ligation in a human peripheral blood T cell-B cell culture system reduced the following in both healthy controls and patients with SLE: conjugate formation, interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by B cells, IL-21 and IL-17A production by T cells, and Ig and autoantibody production. Whereas the SLAMF1 mAb directly affected the function of isolated peripheral B cells by decreasing IL-6 and Ig production in vitro, it did not affect cytokine production by isolated T cells stimulated in vitro. CONCLUSION The SLAMF1 antibody inhibits T cell-B cell interaction and suppresses B cell cytokine production and differentiation, thereby acting as a potential therapeutic tool in the treatment of patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Karampetsou
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Denis Comte
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abel Suárez-Fueyo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eri Katsuyama
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michihito Kono
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George C Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Souto EB, Lima B, Campos JR, Martins-Gomes C, Souto SB, Silva AM. Myasthenia gravis: State of the art and new therapeutic strategies. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 337:577080. [PMID: 31670062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) - an autoimmune neuromuscular disease - is known by the production of autoantibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction mainly to the acetylcholine receptor, which cause the destruction and compromises the synaptic transmission. This disease is characterized by fluctuating and fatigable muscle weakness, becoming more intensive with activity, but with an improvement under resting. There are many therapeutic strategies used to alleviate MG symptoms, either by improving the transmission of the nerve impulse or by ameliorating autoimmune reactions with e.g. steroids, immunosuppressant drugs, or monoclonal antibodies (rituximab and eculizumab). Many breakthroughs in the discovery of new therapeutic targets have been reported, but MG remains to be a chronic disease where the symptoms are kept in the majority of patients. In this review, we discuss the different therapeutic strategies that have been used over the years to alleviate MG symptoms, as well as innovative therapeutic approaches currently under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Bernardo Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana R Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Selma B Souto
- Department of Endocrinology of S. João Hospital, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
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40
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Zhao KL, Yang XJ, Jin HZ, Zhao L, Hu JL, Qin WJ. Double-edge Role of B Cells in Tumor Immunity: Potential Molecular Mechanism. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:685-689. [PMID: 31612383 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
B cells are a heterogeneous population, which have distinct functions of antigen presentation, activating T cells, and secreting antibodies, cytokines as well as protease. It is supposed that the balance among these B cells subpopulation (resting B cells, activated B cells, Bregs, and other differentiated B cells) will determine the ultimate role of B cells in tumor immunity. There has been increasing evidence supporting opposite roles of B cells in tumor immunity, though there are no general acceptable phenotypes for them. Recent years, a new designated subset of B cells identified as Bregs has emerged from immunosuppressive and/or regulatory functions in tumor immune responses. Therefore, transferring activated B cells would be possible to become a promising strategy against tumor via conquering the immunosuppressive status of B cells in future. Understanding the potential mechanism of double-edge role of B cells will help researchers utilize activated B cells to improve their anti-tumor response. Moreover, the molecular pathways related to B cell differentiation are involved in its tumor-promoting effect, such as NF-κB, STAT3, BTK. So, we review the molecular and signaling pathway mechanisms of B cells involved in both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive immunity, in order to help researchers optimize B cells to fight cancer better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Liang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hong-Zhong Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jian-Li Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, China.
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41
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Zhang H, Wang L, Chu Y. Reactive oxygen species: The signal regulator of B cell. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:16-22. [PMID: 31185253 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are indispensable for determining the fate of immune cells in both physiological and pathogenic environments, thus stimulating the interest of immunologists and clinicians. B cells are essential in maintaining immune homeostasis, and studies have indicated that ROS affect the maturation, activation and differentiation of B cells by controlling the signaling molecules in various molecular pathways. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the biological properties of ROS and the mechanisms by which ROS regulate B cell signaling pathways. We propose that ROS and their mediated signal transduction can be a new approach for manipulating B cell immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hushan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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42
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Kakkalide and irisolidone alleviate 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide binding to toll-like receptor-4 and proteobacteria population. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:246-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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43
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Rashid M, Guan G, Luo J, Zhao S, Wang X, Rashid MI, Hassan MA, Mukhtar MU, Liu J, Yin H. Establishment and Expression of Cytokines in a Theileria annulata-Infected Bovine B Cell Line. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050329. [PMID: 31052316 PMCID: PMC6562936 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a pure single-cell Theileria annulata-infected B cell line for the assessment of cytokine production in transformed and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. Several studies have aimed to identify cell surface markers in T. annulata-transformed cells; however, no information on cytokine production in these cells is available. To investigate the potential of the transformed cells to produce cytokines and their potential responses to antigen-stimulation, we purified mature B cells (CD21) from the whole blood of cattle experimentally infected with the T. annulata Kashi strain by magnetic separation. The purity and specificity of the established cell line was assessed by the identification of specific cell surface markers (CD21, IgM, and WC4) by flow cytometry analysis. The transcript levels of the cytokines IL1A, IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL16, LTA, TGFB1, TNFA, IFNA, and IFNB in transformed, buparvaquone (BW720c)-treated cells, and antigen-stimulated cells were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using cDNA from these cells. A T. annulata-infected bovine B cell line was successfully established with a purity of ~98.8% (CD21). IL4 and IL12A were significantly (p < 0.01) upregulated in the transformed cells. In BW720c-treated transformed cells, IL12B, TGFB1, and IFNB were significantly (p < 0.01) upregulated. Notably, no significant (p > 0.05) upregulation of cytokines was observed in LPS-stimulated transformed cells. Moreover, IL1A, IL1B, IL8, and IL16 were significantly (p < 0.01) upregulated in LPS-stimulated B cells. Our data signify the potential use of this cell line for cytokine production, observance of immunoglobulins, and production of an attenuated vaccine against tropical theileriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Shuaiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adeel Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Junlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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44
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Liu K, Wen H, Cai H, Wu M, An R, Chu D, Yu L, Shen J, Chen L, Du J. Protective Effect Against Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice Vaccinated With Toxoplasma gondii Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:813. [PMID: 31105655 PMCID: PMC6491892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, which can cause severe disease in the fetus and immunocompromised individuals. Developing an effective vaccine is crucial to control this disease. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has gained substantial attention as a pivotal upstream cytokine to mediate innate and adaptive immune responses. Homologs of MIF have been discovered in many parasitic species, and one homolog of MIF has been isolated from the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, the recombinant Toxoplasma gondii MIF (rTgMIF) as a protein vaccine was expressed and evaluated by intramuscular injection in BALB/c mice. We divided the mice into different dose groups of vaccines, and all immunizations with purified rTgMIF protein were performed at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. The protective efficacy of vaccination was analyzed by antibody assays, cytokine measurements and lymphoproliferative assays, respectively. The results obtained indicated that the rTgMIF vaccine elicited strong humoral and cellular immune responses with high levels of IgG antibody and IFN-γ production compared to those of the controls, in addition to slight higher levels of IL-4 production. After vaccination, a stronger lymphoproliferative response was also noted. Additionally, the survival time of mice immunized with rTgMIF was longer than that of the mice in control groups after challenge infection with virulent T. gondii RH tachyzoites. Moreover, the number of brain tissue cysts in vaccinated mice was reduced by 62.26% compared with the control group. These findings demonstrated that recombinant TgMIF protein is a potential candidate for vaccine development against toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyang Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haijian Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Minmin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Deyong Chu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jilong Shen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lijian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the past decade, the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is coming to the forefront. Depletion of B cells by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has proved to decrease the activity of the relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and the progression of primary progressive MS (PPMS). Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the rationale of the depletion of B cells in RRMS and PPMS across recent studies on the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS; previous clinical trials with treatments targeting B cells; the mechanism of action of ocrelizumab - a second generation anti-CD20 mAb - and recent phase III clinical trials with ocrelizumab in RRMS and PPMS. Expert commentary: Ocrelizumab is the first anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for RRMS and the first treatment approved for PPMS. The long-term effect and safety profile need to be evaluated in extension of clinical trials and in real-world studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Bigaut
- a Département de Neurologie , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Avenue Moliére , 67200 Strasbourg , France
| | - Jérôme De Seze
- a Département de Neurologie , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Avenue Moliére , 67200 Strasbourg , France.,b Biopathologie de la Myéline,Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) , Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine , 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg , France.,c Centre d'investigation clinique , INSERM U1434, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Nicolas Collongues
- a Département de Neurologie , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Avenue Moliére , 67200 Strasbourg , France.,b Biopathologie de la Myéline,Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) , Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine , 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg , France.,c Centre d'investigation clinique , INSERM U1434, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg , France
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46
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Kumazawa T, Nishimura A, Asai N, Adachi T. Isolation of immune-regulatory Tetragenococcus halophilus from miso. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208821. [PMID: 30586377 PMCID: PMC6306251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetragenococcus halophilus is a halophilic lactic acid bacterium that exists in the traditional Japanese seasoning miso-a fermented soy paste. Considering the popularity of miso as a component of healthy diet, we attempted to evaluate the immunoregulatory functions of T. halophilus spices isolated from miso. We screened 56 strains that facilitated the upregulation of activation markers such as CD86 and CD69 on B cells and T cells in vitro. Of these, 7 strains (Nos. 1, 3, 13, 15, 19, 30, and 31) were found to preferentially induce the CD86 expression on B cells. Furthermore, DNA microarray analysis revealed that T. halophilus strain No. 1 significantly augmented the gene expressions of CD86, CD70, IL-10, INF-γ, and IL-22 in B cells. We confirmed these results at the protein level by flow cytometry. Mice feeding diet containing 1% T. halophilus No. 1 exhibited significantly greater IgA production in the serum. Furthermore, a diet containing 1% T. halophilus No. 1 augmented ovoalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG titer in mice upon OVA/alum immunization. Thus, we demonstrated that T. halophilus No. 1 is a strong immunomodulatory strain with potential as a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Kumazawa
- Ichibiki CO., LTD. Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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47
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Bednarek J, Traxinger B, Brigham D, Roach J, Orlicky D, Wang D, Pelanda R, Mack CL. Cytokine-Producing B Cells Promote Immune-Mediated Bile Duct Injury in Murine Biliary Atresia. Hepatology 2018; 68:1890-1904. [PMID: 29679373 PMCID: PMC6195851 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal T cell-mediated, inflammatory, sclerosing cholangiopathy. In the rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-induced neonatal mouse model of BA (murine BA), mice lacking B cells do not develop BA, and the lack of B cells is associated with loss of T-cell and macrophage activation. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of B cell-mediated immune activation (antigen presentation versus cytokine production) in murine BA. Normal neonatal B cells in the liver are predominantly at pro-B and pre-B cellular development. However, BA mice exhibit a significant increase in the number and activation status of mature liver B cells. Adoptively transferred B cells into RRV-infected, B cell-deficient mice were able to reinstate T-cell and macrophage infiltration and biliary injury. Nonetheless, neonatal liver B cells were incompetent at antigen presentation to T cells. Moreover, 3-83 immunoglobulin transgenic mice, in which B cells only present an irrelevant antigen, developed BA, indicating a B-cell antigen-independent mechanism. B cells from BA mice produced a variety of innate and adaptive immune cytokines associated with immune activation. In vitro trans-well studies revealed that BA B cells secreted cytokines that activated T cells based on increased expression of T-cell activation marker cluster of differentiation 69. Conclusion: Neonatal liver B cells are highly activated in murine BA and contribute to immune activation through production of numerous cytokines involved in innate and adaptive immunity; this work provides increased knowledge on the capacity of neonatal B cells to contribute to an inflammatory disease through cytokine-mediated mechanisms, and future studies should focus on targeting B cells as a therapeutic intervention in human BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bednarek
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Brianna Traxinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Dania Brigham
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Jonathan Roach
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - David Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Cara L. Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine
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48
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Morris G, Fernandes BS, Puri BK, Walker AJ, Carvalho AF, Berk M. Leaky brain in neurological and psychiatric disorders: Drivers and consequences. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:924-948. [PMID: 30231628 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418796955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier acts as a highly regulated interface; its dysfunction may exacerbate, and perhaps initiate, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS In this narrative review, focussing on redox, inflammatory and mitochondrial pathways and their effects on the blood-brain barrier, a model is proposed detailing mechanisms which might explain how increases in blood-brain barrier permeability occur and can be maintained with increasing inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress being the initial drivers. RESULTS Peripheral inflammation, which is causatively implicated in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders, is associated with elevated peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn cause increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, play essential roles in normal brain capillary endothelial cell functioning; however, chronically elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to the blood-brain barrier. Activated microglia, redox control of which is mediated by nitric oxide synthases and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, secrete neurotoxic molecules such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandin, cyclooxygenase-2, quinolinic acid, several chemokines (including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 [CXCL-1] and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP-1α]) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, which can exert a detrimental effect on blood-brain barrier integrity and function. Similarly, reactive astrocytes produce neurotoxic molecules such as prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can cause a 'leaky brain'. CONCLUSION Chronic inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress is associated with the development of a 'leaky gut'. The following evidence-based approaches, which address the leaky gut and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, are suggested as potential therapeutic interventions for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: melatonin, statins, probiotics containing Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, N-acetylcysteine, and prebiotics containing fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Basant K Puri
- 3 Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam J Walker
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- 2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,4 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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49
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu R, Qian T, Liu J, Wang L, Chu Y. Reactive oxygen species stimulated pulmonary epithelial cells mediate the alveolar recruitment of FasL
+
killer B cells in LPS‐induced acute lung injuries. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1187-1198. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0218-075r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hushan Zhang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesInstitute of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesInstitute of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesInstitute of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Tingting Qian
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesInstitute of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesInstitute of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesInstitute of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai China
- Biotherapy Research CenterFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesInstitute of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai China
- Biotherapy Research CenterFudan University Shanghai China
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50
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Holm Hansen R, Højsgaard Chow H, Sellebjerg F, Rode von Essen M. Dimethyl fumarate therapy suppresses B cell responses and follicular helper T cells in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2018; 25:1289-1297. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458518790417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a disease-modifying therapy used for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). B cells are important contributors to the pathogenesis of RRMS, where they regulate the inflammatory immune responses and participate in development of lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). The impact of DMF on B cell subpopulations remains incompletely understood. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the effects of DMF on B cell subpopulations and their effector functions. Methods: Blood from 21 DMF-treated and 18 untreated patients with RRMS was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: We found that DMF reduces the frequency of circulating antigen–experienced B cells, a reduction likely related to a reduced frequency of follicular helper T (TFH) cells and an increased frequency of follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells. Studying the impact of monomethyl fumarate (MMF), the primary metabolite of DMF, on B cell effector function in vitro showed that MMF increased the frequency of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-producing B cells and decreased the frequency of B cells secreting lymphotoxin (LT)-α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and to a lesser extent IL-10. Conclusion: In summary, these data suggest an anti-inflammatory role of DMF and its metabolite MMF on the B cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Holm Hansen
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Højsgaard Chow
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina Rode von Essen
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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