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Patel SS, Chauhan HC, Kumar Sharma K, Patel AC, Bulbule NR, Raval SH, Shrimali MD, Kumar Mohapatra S, Patel HA. Genetic evolution of Newcastle Disease Virus sub-genotype VII.2 isolates, diagnosed from vaccinated poultry farms of Gujarat, India. Gene 2024; 930:148859. [PMID: 39151673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Newcastle disease was suspected in 37 commercial poultry farms, including 12 layer and 25 broiler farms in four districts of Gujarat, India. Vaccination had been done in 32 (20 broilers and 12 layers) farms. Tissue samples from each farm were pooled as one sample. In egg embryo inoculation, HA-HI and PCR, respectively, 32/37, 29/37, and 24/37 samples were found positive. Pathotyping by mean death time calculation and primer combination PCR revealed velogenic NDV, which was later confirmed with the presence of the 112-RRQKR*F-117 sequence at the F protein cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis of full F gene sequences (N=10) confirmed the presence of sub-genotype VII.2 in 9/10 sequences, and genotype II in one sample. These 9 sequences were only 0.7 to 2.6 % divergent with two VII.2 (=VIIi) sequences (HQ697254.1 chicken/Banjarmas/Indonesia and KU862293.1 Parakeet/Karachi/Pakistan) but had 2.2 to 3.6 % diversion from two VII.2 sequences (OR185447 and MZ546197) from India. Then branching was found from sequences of VIIh, VIIk (VII.2), and VIIa (VII.1.2), and then from sub-genotypes VII.1.1 and VII.1.2. Due to less than 5 % diversion, these sequences could not be qualified as new sub-genotype in evolutionary distance analysis. At the amino acid level, our sequences had aa N-T-I-A-L-T at 24-79-125-385-445-482. Whereas at the same positions, in most of the retrieved VII.2 sequences and vaccines, the sequence was S-A-V-T-Q/I- E/A. Two sequences revealed additional six and four amino acid differences,respectively.This indicates rapid continuous genetic evolution of sub-genotype VII.2 and partially explains vaccinal immunity escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipkumar S Patel
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Harshadkumar C Chauhan
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Kishan Kumar Sharma
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India.
| | - Arunkumar C Patel
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India; College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Anand, India
| | - Namdeo R Bulbule
- Poultry Diagnostic Research Center, Venkateshwara Hatcheries Limited, Pune, India
| | - Samir H Raval
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Mehul D Shrimali
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Mohapatra
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Harshkumar A Patel
- Passed Out M. V. Sc. Student, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
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Bhattacharya S, Deka P, Das S, Ali S, Choudhury B, Kakati P, Kumar S. Spillover of Newcastle disease virus to Himalayan Griffon vulture: a possible food-based transmission. Virus Genes 2024; 60:385-392. [PMID: 38739246 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) affects wild and domesticated bird species, including commercial poultry. Although the diversity of NDV in domestic chickens is well documented, limited information is available about Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks in other bird species. We report an annotated sequence of NDV/Vulture/Borjuri/01/22, an avirulent strain of NDV reported from Borjuri, Northeast India, in Himalayan Griffon vulture. The complete genome is 15,186 bases long with a fusion protein (F) cleavage site 112GRQGR↓L117. The phylogenetic analysis based on the F protein gene and the whole genome sequence revealed that the isolate from the vulture belongs to genotype II, sharing significant homology with vaccine strain LaSota. The study highlights the possible spillover of the virus from domestic to wild species through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Bhattacharya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Pankaj Deka
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Sangeeta Das
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Samshul Ali
- Centre for Wildlife Rehabilitation and Conservation, Kaziranga National Park, Bokakhat, Assam, 785612, India
| | | | | | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Pandarangga P, Doan PTK, Tearle R, Low WY, Ren Y, Nguyen HTH, Dharmayanti NI, Hemmatzadeh F. mRNA Profiling and Transcriptomics Analysis of Chickens Received Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype II and Genotype VII Vaccines. Pathogens 2024; 13:638. [PMID: 39204239 PMCID: PMC11357267 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype VII (GVII) is becoming the predominant strain of NDV in the poultry industry. It causes high mortality even in vaccinated chickens with a common NDV genotype II vaccine (GII-vacc). To overcome this, the killed GVII vaccine has been used to prevent NDV outbreaks. However, the debate about vaccine differences remains ongoing. Hence, this study investigated the difference in chickens' responses to the two vaccines at the molecular level. The spleen transcriptomes from vaccinated chickens reveal that GVII-vacc affected the immune response by downregulating neuroinflammation. It also enhanced a synaptogenesis pathway that operates typically in the nervous system, suggesting a mechanism for the neurotrophic effect of this strain. We speculated that the down-regulated immune system regulation correlated with protecting the nervous system from excess leukocytes and cytokine activity. In contrast, GII-vacc inhibited apoptosis by downregulating PERK/ATF4/CHOP as part of the unfolded protein response pathway but did not affect the expression of the same synaptogenesis pathway. Thus, the application of GVII-vacc needs to be considered in countries where GVII is the leading cause of NDV outbreaks. The predicted molecular signatures may also be used in developing new vaccines that trigger specific genes in the immune system in combating NDV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Pandarangga
- Departemen Klinik, Reproduksi, dan Patologi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang 85001, Indonesia;
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (P.T.K.D.); (H.T.H.N.)
| | - Phuong Thi Kim Doan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (P.T.K.D.); (H.T.H.N.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam
| | - Rick Tearle
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (R.T.); (W.Y.L.); (Y.R.)
| | - Wai Yee Low
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (R.T.); (W.Y.L.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yan Ren
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (R.T.); (W.Y.L.); (Y.R.)
| | - Hanh Thi Hong Nguyen
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (P.T.K.D.); (H.T.H.N.)
| | | | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (P.T.K.D.); (H.T.H.N.)
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Al-Mubarak AIA, Al-Kubati AAG, Sheikh A, Abdelaziz AM, Hussen J, Kandeel M, Falemban B, Hemida MG. Detection of Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 genotypes VI.2.1 and VII.1.1 with neuro-viscerotropic tropism in some backyard pigeons (Columbidae) in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1352636. [PMID: 38500603 PMCID: PMC10947193 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1352636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Avian orthoavulavirus-1 (AOAV1) has a wide host range, including domestic and wild birds. The present study aimed to identify the currently circulating AOAV1 strains from some outbreaks in some backyard pigeons in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia (ERSA). Methods Tracheal/cloacal swabs and tissue specimens were collected from eight backyards in Al-Ahsa, ERSA, between January 2021 and March 2023. Samples were tested for the presence of AOAV1 using commercial real-time RT-PCR. Part of the fusion gene was also amplified by gel-based RT-PCR, and the obtained amplicons were sequenced. Results and discussion AOAV1 was detected in samples from the eight flocks. The retrieved sequences from samples of 6/8 pigeon backyards are reported. Phylogenetic analysis based on the obtained sequences from these backyard pigeons showed the segregation of the obtained sequences in AOAV1 genotypes VI.2.1 and VII.1.1. Clinically, nervous manifestations were dominant in pigeons infected with both genotypes. Respiratory manifestations and significantly higher overall mortality rate were induced by genotype VI.2.1. The deduced amino acid sequences of the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS) showed that all the detected isolates belong to velogenic strains. Differences in clinical profiles induced by the natural infection of pigeons with AOAV1 genotypes VI.2.1 and VII.1.1 were reported. The present findings highlight the potential roles of some backyard pigeons in the long-distance spread and cross-species transmission of the reported AOAVI genotypes. Further research is required to perform biotyping and pathotyping of the reported strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Abdullah Sheikh
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abdelaziz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Educational Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Baraa Falemban
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
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Kalonda A, Saasa N, Kajihara M, Nao N, Moonga L, Ndebe J, Mori-Kajihara A, Mukubesa AN, Sakoda Y, Sawa H, Takada A, Simulundu E. Phylogenetic Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Poultry in Live Bird Markets and Wild Waterfowl in Zambia. Microorganisms 2024; 12:354. [PMID: 38399757 PMCID: PMC10893471 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry production is essential to the economy and livelihood of many rural Zambian households. However, the industry is threatened by infectious diseases, particularly Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection. Therefore, this study employed next-generation sequencing to characterise six NDV isolates from poultry in Zambia's live bird markets (LBMs) and wild waterfowl. Four NDV isolates were detected from 410 faecal samples collected from chickens in LBMs in Lusaka and two from 2851 wild birds from Lochinvar National Park. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four NDVs from LBM clustered in genotype VII and sub-genotype VII.2 were closely related to viruses previously isolated in Zambia and other Southern African countries, suggesting possible local and regional transboundary circulation of the virus. In contrast, the two isolates from wild birds belonged to class I viruses, genotype 1, and were closely related to isolates from Europe and Asia, suggesting the possible introduction of these viruses from Eurasia, likely through wild bird migration. The fusion gene cleavage site motif for all LBM-associated isolates was 112RRQKR|F117, indicating that the viruses are virulent, while the isolates from wild waterfowl had the typical 112ERQER|L117 avirulent motif. This study demonstrates the circulation of virulent NDV strains in LBMs and has, for the first time, characterised NDV from wild birds in Zambia. The study further provides the first whole genomes of NDV sub-genotype VII.2 and genotype 1 from Zambia and stresses the importance of surveillance and molecular analysis for monitoring the circulation of NDV genotypes and viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kalonda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (J.N.); (A.N.M.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Ngonda Saasa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (J.N.); (A.N.M.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ladslav Moonga
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Joseph Ndebe
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (J.N.); (A.N.M.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (J.N.); (A.N.M.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Division of Biological Response Analysis, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (J.N.); (A.N.M.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Division of Biological Response Analysis, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, 725 W Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (J.N.); (A.N.M.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (J.N.); (A.N.M.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
- Macha Research Trust, Choma 20100, Zambia
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Cui S, Xiong H, Feng Z, Chu Y, Que C, Qin J, Pan Y, Yu K, Jia L, Yao X, Liao J, Huo D, Guo C, Zhao H, Xu M, Tian Y, Peng Q, Li F, Xu H, Hong R, Zhang D, Wang G, Yang P, Gao GF, Wang Q. Severe pigeon paramyxovirus 1 infection in a human case with probable post-COVID-19 condition. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2251600. [PMID: 37606967 PMCID: PMC10469423 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2251600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Pigeon paramyxovirus 1 (PPMV-1) is an antigenic host variant of avian paramyxovirus 1. Sporadic outbreaks of PPMV-1 infection have occurred in pigeons in China; however, few cases of human PPMV-1 infection have been reported. The purpose of this article is to report a case of severe human PPMV-1 infection in an individual with probable post-COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID) who presented with rapidly progressing pulmonary infection. The patient was a 66-year-old man who was admitted to the intensive care unit 11 days after onset of pneumonia and recovered 64 days after onset. PPMV-1 was isolated from the patient's sputum and in cloacal smear samples from domesticated pigeons belonging to the patient's neighbour. Residual severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was detected in respiratory and anal swab samples from the patient. Sequencing analyses revealed that the PPMV-1 genome belonged to genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2 and had the 112RRQKRF117 motif in the cleavage site of the fusion protein, which is indicative of high virulence. This case of cross-species transmission of PPMV-1 from a pigeon to a human highlights the risk of severe PPMV-1 infection in immunocompromised patients, especially those with long COVID. Enhanced surveillance for increased risk of severe viral infection is warranted in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Cui
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Emergency, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Feng
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- Xicheng District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengli Que
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingning Qin
- Xicheng District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunyao Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Jia
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of infection control, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiping Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Huo
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiyan Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Emergency, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Emergency, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runsheng Hong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - George F. Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Tsaxra JB, Abolnik C, Kelly TR, Chengula AA, Mushi JR, Msoffe PLM, Muhairwa AP, Phiri T, Jude R, Chouicha N, Mollel EL, Zhou H, Gallardo RA. Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus obtained from Mawenzi live bird market in Morogoro, Tanzania in 2020-2021. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:3265-3273. [PMID: 37907827 PMCID: PMC10689586 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is among the most important poultry diseases worldwide. It is the major threat to poultry production in Africa and causes major economic losses for both local and commercial chickens. To date, half of ND class II genotypes have been reported in Africa (I, IV, V, VI, VII, XI, XIII, XIV, XVII, XVIII, and XXI). The information on the circulating NDV genotypes is still scarce despite the endemic nature of ND in most countries on the African continent.A total of 659 oro-cloacal swabs were collected from local chickens in Mawenzi live bird market located in Morogoro, Tanzania, between June 2020 and May 2021. Newcastle disease virus was detected by using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and conventional PCR followed by sequencing of PCR products. The prevalence of NDV in the surveilled live bird markets was 23.5%. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of sub-genotype VII.2. The detected sub-genotype VII.2 has phylogenetic links to Zambian NDV strains implying a Southeast dissemination of the virus, considering that it was first detected in Mozambique. This study underscores the need of active NDV surveillance to determine the distribution of this NDV genotype in the country and monitor its spread and contribution to the emergence of new ND viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Tsaxra
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA.
- Livestock Training Agency, Mabuki Campus, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Celia Abolnik
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Terra R Kelly
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- EpiEcos, Flagstaff, AZ, 86004, USA
| | - Augustino A Chengula
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - James R Mushi
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Peter L M Msoffe
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Amandus P Muhairwa
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Thandeka Phiri
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rachel Jude
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nadira Chouicha
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Esther L Mollel
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Gallardo
- USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry Project, Davis, CA, USA.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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8
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Amoia CF, Hakizimana JN, Duggal NK, Chengula AA, Rohaim MA, Munir M, Weger-Lucarelli J, Misinzo G. Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus Involved in the 2021 Outbreaks in Backyard Poultry Farms in Tanzania. Vet Sci 2023; 10:477. [PMID: 37505881 PMCID: PMC10385779 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus is a significant avian pathogen with the potential to decimate poultry populations all over the world and cause enormous economic losses. Distinct NDV genotypes are currently causing outbreaks worldwide. Due to the high genetic diversity of NDV, virulent strains that may result in a lack of vaccine protection are more likely to emerge and ultimately cause larger epidemics with massive economic losses. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the circulating NDV genotypes is critical to reduce Newcastle disease (ND) burden. In this study, NDV strains were isolated and characterized from backyard poultry farms from Tanzania, East Africa in 2021. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on fusion (F) gene amplification was conducted on 79 cloacal or tracheal swabs collected from chickens during a suspected ND outbreak. Our results revealed that 50 samples out 79 (50/79; 63.3%) were NDV-positive. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the selected NDV isolates showed that 39 isolates belonged to subgenotype VII.2 and only one isolate belonged to subgenotype XIII.1.1. Nucleotide sequences of the NDV F genes from Tanzania were closely related to recent NDV isolates circulating in southern Africa, suggesting that subgenotype VII.2 is the predominant subgenotype throughout Tanzania and southern Africa. Our data confirm the circulation of two NDV subgenotypes in Tanzania, providing important information to design genotype-matched vaccines and to aid ND surveillance. Furthermore, these results highlight the possibility of the spread and emergence of new NDV subgenotypes with the potential of causing future ND epizootics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie F Amoia
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Jean N Hakizimana
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Augustino A Chengula
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed A Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
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9
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Le XTK, Do RT, Doan HTT, Nguyen KT, Pham LTK, Le TH. Phylogenotyping of infectious bursal disease virus in Vietnam according to the newly unified genotypic classification scheme. Arch Virol 2023; 168:201. [PMID: 37402052 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Since 1987, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has circulated and evolved in Vietnam, but little is known about the genotypes present. IBDV samples were collected in 1987, 2001-2006, 2008, 2011, 2015-2019, and 2021 in 18 provinces. We conducted phylogenotyping analysis based on an alignment of 143 VP2-HVR (hypervariable region) sequences from 64 Vietnamese isolates (26 previous and 38 additional sequences and two vaccines, and alignment of 82 VP1 B-marker sequences, including one vaccine and four Vietnamese field strains. The analysis identified three A-genotypes, A1, A3, and A7, and two B-genotypes, B1 and B3, among the Vietnamese IBDV isolates. The lowest average evolutionary distance (8.6%) was seen between the A1 and A3 genotypes, and the highest (21.7%) was between A5 and A7, while there was a distance of 14% between B1 and B3 and 17% between B3 and B2. Unique signature residues were observed for genotypes A2, A3, A5, A6, and A8, which could be used for genotypic discrimination. A timeline statistical summary revealed that the A3-genotype predominated (79.8% presence) in Vietnam from 1987 to 2021 and that it remained the dominant IBDV genotype over the last five years (2016-2021). The current study contributes to a better understanding of the circulating genotypes and evolution of IBDV in Vietnam and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen Thi Kim Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Roan Thi Do
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Doan
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khue Thi Nguyen
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thi Khanh Pham
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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10
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Guseva NA, Kolosov SN, Zinyakov NG, Andriyasov AV, Yin R, Scherbakova LO, Ovchinnikova EV, Nikonova ZB, Andreychuk DB, Sprygin AV, Chvala IA, Moroz NV. Analysis of Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 Detected in the Russian Federation between 2017 and 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1032. [PMID: 37376421 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV, Avian orthoavulavirus type 1, AOAV-1) is a contagious high-impact poultry pathogen with infections detected worldwide. In the present study, 19,500 clinical samples from wild bird species and poultry collected from 28 regions of Russia between 2017 and 2021 were screened for the presence of the AOAV-1 genome. NDV RNA was detected in 15 samples from wild birds and 63 samples from poultry. All isolates were screened for a partial sequence of the fusion (F) gene that included the cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that lentogenic AOAV-1 I.1.1, I.1.2.1, and II genotypes were dominant among vaccine-like viruses in the territory of the Russian Federation. A vaccine-like virus with a mutated cleavage site (112-RKQGR^L-117) was detected in turkeys. Among the virulent AOAV-1 strains, viruses of the XXI.1.1, VII.1.1, and VII.2 genotypes were identified. The cleavage site of viruses of the XXI.1.1 genotype had a 112-KRQKR^F-117 amino acid sequence. The cleavage site of viruses with VII.1.1 and VII.2 genotypes had a 112-RRQKR^F-117 amino acid sequence. The data collected by the present study demonstrate the distribution and dominance of the virulent VII.1.1 genotype in the Russian Federation between 2017 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly A Guseva
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kolosov
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Nikolay G Zinyakov
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Artem V Andriyasov
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Renfu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lidya O Scherbakova
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Ovchinnikova
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Zoya B Nikonova
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Andreychuk
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Alexander V Sprygin
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Ilya A Chvala
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
| | - Natalia V Moroz
- Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, FGBI "Federal Centre for Animal Health" (FGBI "ARRIAH"), 600901 Vladimir, Russia
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11
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Hossain I, Subarna JF, Kabiraj CK, Begum JA, Parvin R, Martins M, Diel DG, Chowdhury EH, Islam MR, Nooruzzaman M. A Booster with a Genotype-Matched Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Vaccine Candidate Provides Better Protection against a Virulent Genotype XIII.2 Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11051005. [PMID: 37243108 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in Bangladesh. Locally produced or imported live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines based on lentogenic virus strains, locally produced live vaccines of the mesogenic Mukteswar strain, as well as imported inactivated vaccines of lentogenic strains, are being used in Bangladesh under different vaccination regimens. Despite these vaccinations, frequent outbreaks of ND are being reported in Bangladesh. Here we compared the efficacy of booster immunization with three different vaccines in chickens that had been primed with two doses of live LaSota vaccine. A total of 30 birds (Group A) were primed with two doses of live LaSota virus (genotype II) vaccine at days 7 and 28, while 20 birds (Group B) remained unvaccinated. At day 60, birds of Group A were divided into three sub-groups, which received booster immunizations with three different vaccines; A1: live LaSota vaccine, A2: inactivated LaSota vaccine, and A3: inactivated genotype XIII.2 vaccine (BD-C161/2010 strain from Bangladesh). Two weeks after booster vaccination (at day 74), all vaccinated birds (A1-A3) and half of the unvaccinated birds (B1) were challenged with a genotype XIII.2 virulent NDV (BD-C161/2010). A moderate antibody response was observed after the primary vaccination, which substantially increased after the booster vaccination in all groups. The mean HI titers induced by the inactivated LaSota vaccine (8.0 log2/5.0 log2 with LaSota/BD-C161/2010 HI antigen) and the inactivated BD-C161/2010 vaccine (6.7 log2/6.2 log2 with LaSota/BD-C161/2010 HI antigen) were significantly higher than those induced by the LaSota live booster vaccine (3.6 log2/2.6 log2 with LaSota/BD-C161/2010 HI antigen). Despite the differences in the antibody titers, all chickens (A1-A3) survived the virulent NDV challenge, while all the unvaccinated challenged birds died. Among the vaccinated groups, however, 50% of the chickens in Group A1 (live LaSota booster immunization) shed virus at 5- and 7-days post challenge (dpc), while 20% and 10% of the chickens in Group A2 (inactivated LaSota booster immunization) shed virus at 3 and 5 dpc, respectively, and only one chicken (10%) in Group A3 shed virus at 5 dpc. In conclusion, the genotype-matched inactivated NDV booster vaccine offers complete clinical protection and a significant reduction in virus shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous Subarna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Congriev Kumar Kabiraj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jahan Ara Begum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mathias Martins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Texas A & M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 483 Agronomy Rd., College Station, TX 77843-4471, USA
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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12
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Jekebekov KK, Assanzhanova NN, Nurpeisova AS, Ryskeldinova SZ, Absatova ZS, Abay ZS, Shayakhmetov YA, Omurtay AD, Moldagulova SU, Kalimolda EZ, Sadikalieva SO, Shorayeva KA, Zakarya KD. [Selection of conditions for effective inactivation of Pseudopestis avium virus (Paramyxoviridae: Orthoavulovirus: Avian orthoavulovirus 1) for the production of a Newcastle disease vaccine]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:124-131. [PMID: 37264847 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Newcastle disease (ND) is classified as especially dangerous pathogen. Its primary source is an infected or recovered bird. The virus shedding begins just in a day after infection, and virus remains in the body for another 2-4 months after the recovery. The complexity of the final elimination of the causative agent of the disease lies in its ability for long-term preservation in the external environment and the possibility of constant circulation in one complex between groups of birds of different sex and age. Therefore, the main element of protecting birds from ND is immunoprophylaxis that is based on vaccines containing an inactivated ND virus (NDV). The aim of the work ‒ is to optimize the parameters of inactivation of the NDV actual strain H with formaldehyde at final concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% under temperature conditions of 20 2 and 37 0.5 C. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a virus-containing suspension of the NDV strain H with an initial biological activity of 10.75 lg EID50/cm3 grown by cultivation in 10-day-old developing chick embryos. RESULTS On the 16th day after the administration of the tested suspensions of NDV inactivated at different temperatures and concentrations of the inactivant , the geometric mean titers of antibodies to NDV in sera of vaccinated birds were at least 1 : 63 in the hemagglutination inhibition reaction, indicating that the studied inactivated suspensions were antigenically active. CONCLUSION The optimal parameters of the inactivation mode (final concentration, temperature and time of inactivation) of the NDV strain H were established. The inactivation process at 37 0.5 C with inactivant concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% lasts up to 72, 22, 18, and 12 hours, respectively. The inactivation process at 20 2 C with inactivant concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1% lasts up to 22 and 18 hours, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Z S Absatova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems
| | - Z S Abay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems
| | | | - A D Omurtay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems
| | | | | | | | | | - K D Zakarya
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems
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13
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Rajkhowa TK, Zodinpuii D, Bhutia LD, Islam SJ, Gogoi A, Hauhnar L, Kiran J, Choudhary OP. Emergence of a novel genotype of class II New Castle Disease virus in North Eastern States of India. Gene 2023; 864:147315. [PMID: 36842725 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of New Castle Disease from three north eastern states of India were confirmed by clinico-pathological examination followed by reverse transcription-PCR detection of F gene of ND Virus (NDV). Irrespective of vaccination, the outbreaks resulted 90-100% mortality in the affected flocks. The analysis of fusion protein sequences from ten field isolates revealed them as the velogenic or highly virulent strain. Phylogenetic analyses based on the complete F gene nucleotide sequences of the isolates have characterized only one of the isolate (OK149201) in the genotype XIII.2.2. The rest of the nine isolates are depicted in a distinct monophyletic group with average nucleotide distances from the other 20 genotypes ranged from 10.90 - 20.70. The nine isolates were further divided into two sub branches with the bootstrap support value of 100% at the nodes that define the two subgroups with an average evolutionary nucleotide distance of 6.00between the isolates in the two subgroups. As per the recommendation put forth in recently updated unified phylogenetic classification system for NDV, our findings clearly indicates emergence of a novel genotype of class II NDV in the biodiversity hot spot region of NER, India. The isolates in the newly identified genotype is designated with next available Roman numerals XXII. Further, the two subgroups within the genotype are designated as XXII.1 and XXII.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Kumar Rajkhowa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India.
| | - Doris Zodinpuii
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India
| | | | - Sikder Jabidur Islam
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India
| | - Amrit Gogoi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Jalukie, Peren, Nagaland 797110, India
| | - Lalthapuii Hauhnar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India
| | - J Kiran
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India
| | - Om Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India
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14
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Hossain I, Parvin R, Rahman MM, Begum JA, Chowdhury EH, Islam MR, Diel DG, Nooruzzaman M. Comparative pathogenicity of a genotype XXI.1.2 pigeon Newcastle disease virus isolate in pigeons and chickens. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106068. [PMID: 36933579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, we performed molecular and pathogenic characterization of a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate from pigeons in Bangladesh. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the complete fusion gene sequences classified the three study isolates into genotype XXI (sub-genotype XXI.1.2) together with recent NDV isolates obtained from pigeons in Pakistan (2014-2018). The Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis revealed that the ancestor of Bangladeshi pigeon NDVs and the viruses from sub-genotype XXI.1.2 existed in the late 1990s. Pathogenicity testing using mean embryo death time pathotyped the viruses as mesogenic, while all isolates carried multiple basic amino acid residues at the fusion protein cleavage site. Experimental infection of chickens and pigeons revealed no or minimum clinical signs in chickens, while a relatively high morbidity (70%) and mortality (60%) were observed in pigeons. The infected pigeons showed extensive and systemic lesions including hemorrhagic and/or vascular changes in the conjunctiva, respiratory and digestive system and brain, and atrophy in the spleen, while only mild congestion in the lungs was noticed in the inoculated chickens. Histologically, consolidation in the lungs with collapsed alveoli and edema around the blood vessels, hemorrhages in the trachea, severe hemorrhages and congestion, focal aggregation of mononuclear cells, and single hepatocellular necrosis in the liver, severe congestion, multifocal tubular degeneration, and necrosis, as well as mononuclear cell infiltration in the renal parenchyma, encephalomalacia with severe neuronal necrosis with neuronophagia were noticed in the brain in infected pigeons. In contrast, only slight congestion was found in lungs of the infected chickens. qRT-PCR revealed the replication of the virus in both pigeons and chickens; however, higher viral RNA loads were observed in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, respiratory tissues, and spleen of infected pigeons than the chickens. In conclusion, genotype XXI.1.2 NDVs are circulating in the pigeon population of Bangladesh since 1990s, produce high mortality in pigeons with pneumonia, hepatocellular necrosis, renal tubular degeneration, and neuronal necrosis in pigeons, and may infect chickens without overt signs of clinical disease and are likely to shed viruses via the oral or cloacal routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jahan Ara Begum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh; Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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15
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Klink AC, Rula O, Sushko M, Bezymennyi M, Mezinov O, Gaidash O, Bai X, Stegniy A, Sapachova M, Datsenko R, Skorokhod S, Nedosekov V, Hill NJ, Ninua L, Kovalenko G, Ducluzeau AL, Mezhenskyi A, Buttler J, Drown DM, Causey D, Stegniy B, Gerilovych A, Bortz E, Muzyka D. Discovery of Avian Paramyxoviruses APMV-1 and APMV-6 in Shorebirds and Waterfowl in Southern Ukraine. Viruses 2023; 15:699. [PMID: 36992408 PMCID: PMC10058161 DOI: 10.3390/v15030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging RNA virus infections are a growing concern among domestic poultry industries due to the severe impact they can have on flock health and economic livelihoods. Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV; avulaviruses, AaV) are pathogenic, negative-sense RNA viruses that cause serious infections in the respiratory and central nervous systems. APMV was detected in multiple avian species during the 2017 wild bird migration season in Ukraine and studied using PCR, virus isolation, and sequencing. Of 4090 wild bird samples collected, mostly from southern Ukraine, eleven isolates were grown in ovo and identified for APMV serotype by hemagglutinin inhibition test as: APMV-1, APMV-4, APMV-6, and APMV-7. To build One Health's capacity to characterize APMV virulence and analyze the potential risks of spillover to immunologically naïve populations, we sequenced virus genomes in veterinary research labs in Ukraine using a nanopore (MinION) platform. RNA was extracted and amplified using a multiplex tiling primer approach to specifically capture full-length APMV-1 (n = 5) and APMV-6 (n = 2) genomes at high read depth. All APMV-1 and APMV-6 fusion (F) proteins possessed a monobasic cleavage site, suggesting these APMVs were likely low virulence, annually circulating strains. Utilization of this low-cost method will identify gaps in viral evolution and circulation in this understudied but important critical region for Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Klink
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Oleksandr Rula
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Sushko
- State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Bezymennyi
- Institute for Veterinary Medicine, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Mezinov
- The F.E. Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve “Askania Nova”, Askania-Nova, 75230 Kakhovka Raion, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Gaidash
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Danube Biosphere Reserve, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 68355 Vilkove, Ukraine
| | - Xiao Bai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Anton Stegniy
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Sapachova
- State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Datsenko
- State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Skorokhod
- State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Nedosekov
- Department of Epizootology, The National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nichola J. Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Levan Ninua
- Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
| | - Ganna Kovalenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
- Institute for Veterinary Medicine, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Anne Lise Ducluzeau
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Andriy Mezhenskyi
- State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jeremy Buttler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Devin M. Drown
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Douglas Causey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Borys Stegniy
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Gerilovych
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eric Bortz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
- Institute for Veterinary Medicine, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Danube Biosphere Reserve, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 68355 Vilkove, Ukraine
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16
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Ather S, Wajid A, Batool A, Noureen A, Ain Q, Ayub G, Molouki A, Sultan IN, Mahmood S, Hanif A, Ahmed N. Genomic and comparative clinico-pathological assessment of two Pakistani pigeon-derived newcastle disease virus sub-genotypes XXI.1.1 and XXI.1.2 isolated in 2017. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 94:101957. [PMID: 36808017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) is an antigenic-variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) which is associated with infection in Columbidae family. In this study, we isolated two pigeon-derived strains pi/Pak/Lhr/SA_1/17 (designed as SA_1) and pi/Pak/Lhr/SA_2/17 (designed as SA_2) from diseased pigeons collected in Punjab province in 2017. We performed the whole genome, phylogenetic analysis and comparative clinico-pathological evaluation of two viruses in pigeons. Phylogenetic analysis based on fusion (F) gene and complete genome sequences showed that SA_1 belonged to sub-genotype XXI.1.1 and SA_2 clustered in sub-genotype XXI.1.2. SA_1 and SA_2 viruses contributed to morbidity and mortality in pigeons. Remarkably, although the two viruses resulted in comparatively similar pattern of pathogenesis and replication ability in various tissues of infected pigeons, SA_2 could cause more severe histopathological lesions and had comparatively high replication ability in pigeons than SA_1. Moreover, pigeons infected with SA_2 had higher shedding efficiency than that of pigeons infected with SA_1. Moreover, several aa substitutions in the major functional domains of the F and HN proteins might be contributed to the pathogenic differences between the two isolates in pigeons. Overall, these findings provide us with important insight into the epidemiology and evolution of PPMV-1 in Pakistan and laid the foundation for the further elucidation of the mechanism underlying the pathogenic difference of PPMV-1 in pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ather
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.
| | - Andleeb Batool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aasma Noureen
- Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Quratul Ain
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Goher Ayub
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Imrana Niaz Sultan
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mahmood
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atif Hanif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazeer Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
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17
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Draft Genome Sequence of an Isolate of Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from an Outbreak in Fighting Cock in Peru. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0129322. [PMID: 36719208 PMCID: PMC9933683 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01293-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a draft genome sequence of a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain (VFAR-136) isolated from a fighting cock (Gallus gallus) in the south of Peru. Strain VFAR-136 is a new report of NDV genotype VII circulating in Peru.
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18
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Goraichuk IV, Gerilovych A, Bolotin V, Solodiankin O, Dimitrov KM, Rula O, Muzyka N, Mezinov O, Stegniy B, Kolesnyk O, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Miller PJ, Afonso CL, Muzyka D. Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses circulating in wild and synanthropic birds in Ukraine between 2006 and 2015. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1026296. [PMID: 36742982 PMCID: PMC9893288 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1026296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a wide range of bird species worldwide and is of importance to the poultry industry. Although certain virus genotypes are clearly associated with wild bird species, the role of those species in the movement of viruses and the migratory routes they follow is still unclear. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of nineteen NDV sequences that were identified among 21,924 samples collected from wild and synanthropic birds from different regions of Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 and compared them with isolates from other continents. In synanthropic birds, NDV strains of genotype II, VI, VII, and XXI of class II were detected. The fusion gene sequences of these strains were similar to strains detected in birds from different geographical regions of Europe and Asia. However, it is noteworthy to mention the isolation of vaccine viruses from synanthropic birds, suggesting the possibility of their role in viral transmission from vaccinated poultry to wild birds, which may lead to the further spreading of vaccine viruses into other regions during wild bird migration. Moreover, here we present the first publicly available complete NDV F gene from a crow (genus Corvus). Additionally, our phylogenetic results indicated a possible connection of Ukrainian NDV isolates with genotype XXI strains circulating in Kazakhstan. Among strains from wild birds, NDVs of genotype 1 of class I and genotype I of class II were detected. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the possible exchange of these NDV strains between wild waterfowl from the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine and waterfowl from different continents, including Europe, Asia, and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna V. Goraichuk
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anton Gerilovych
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy Bolotin
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexii Solodiankin
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Oleksandr Rula
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Muzyka
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Mezinov
- The F.E. Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve “Askania Nova”, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Askania-Nova, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine
| | - Borys Stegniy
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kolesnyk
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Patti J. Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Claudio L. Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,Department of Zoology, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine,*Correspondence: Denys Muzyka ✉
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19
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Matsunaga N, Ijiri M, Ishikawa K, Ozawa M, Okuya K, Khalil AM, Kojima I, Esaki M, Masatani T, Matsui T, Fujimoto Y. Avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 isolation from migratory birds and environmental water in southern Japan: An epidemiological survey during the 2018/19-2021/2022 winter seasons. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:185-193. [PMID: 36628409 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease caused by highly pathogenic viruses of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) is a highly contagious poultry disease. Although a large-scale epidemic of Newcastle disease had occurred in Japan between the 1950s and the 2000s, there have been no outbreaks anywhere since 2010. In addition, there are no reports of epidemiological surveys of APMV-1 in wild birds in Japan in the last 10 years. We conducted the first epidemiological survey of APMV-1 in the Izumi plain, Kagoshima prefecture of southern Japan from the winter of 2018 to 2022. A total of 15 APMV-1 strains were isolated, and isolation rates from roosting water and duck fecal samples were 2.51% and 0.10%, respectively. These results indicate that the isolation method from environmental water may be useful for efficient surveillance of APMV-1 in wild birds. Furthermore, this is the first report on the success of APMV-1 isolation from environmental water samples. Genetic analysis of the Fusion (F) gene showed that all APMV-1 isolates were closely related to virus strains circulating among waterfowl in Far East Asian countries. All isolates have avirulent motifs in their cleavage site of F genes, all of which were presumed to be low pathogenic viruses in poultry. However, pathogenicity test using embryonated chicken eggs demonstrated that some isolates killed all chicken embryos regardless of viral doses inoculated (102 -106 50% egg infectious dose). These results indicated that APMV-1 strains, which are potentially pathogenic to chickens, are continuously brought into the Izumi plain by migrating wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonoka Matsunaga
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Moe Ijiri
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kemi Ishikawa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee, Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Isshu Kojima
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mana Esaki
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsui
- Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee, Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Wodajo W, Mohammed N, Tora E, Seyoum W. Sero-prevalence of Newcastle disease and associated risk factors in chickens at backyard chicken production Kindo Koisha, Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1089931. [PMID: 36699327 PMCID: PMC9868296 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1089931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious infectious disease of poultry caused by virulent strains of Avian Paramyxovirus-1 and has a substantial impact on villages where people's livelihood depends upon poultry farming in several developing countries including Ethiopia. In the district of the study area, no previous studies have been conducted. Thus, the aim of the present study was to estimate individual and household flock level seroprevalence and risk factors for ND in unvaccinated backyard chickens in Kindo Koisha district, Wolaita zone, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted. For the study, household flocks were sampled as a cluster, and backyard chickens within the cluster with an age of more than 3 months were sampled. A total of 598 blood samples were collected from 86 household flocks during the study period. Serum samples were tested for ND antibodies using an Indirect-Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. The overall seroprevalence of ND virus at individual and flock level was 17.06% (95% CI: 14.25-20.29%) and 73.26% (95% CI: 62.79-81.64%), respectively. The ND seropositivity and associated risk factors were assessed at the individual bird and flock level by using ordinary and mixed effect logistic regression, respectively. Ordinary logistic regression revealed that crossbreed chickens had significantly higher odds of ND seropositivity than local breeds, with an odds ratio of 2.15 (95% CI: 1.54-3.00; p < 0.001). The odds of ND seropositivity was significantly higher in backyard chickens which belongs flock size >9 in comparison to <9 with an odds ratio of 3.7 (95% CI: 1.12-12.30; p < 0.031). The potential flock level risk factors related to ND seropositivity in this study were flock size, chicken house cleaning frequency, water source for chickens, dead chicken disposal practice, and distance to the next neighbor household, mixing with wild birds and owning pets. In conclusion, the current study generates significant information on the seroprevalence and the potential risk factors associated with ND at individual and flock level in Kindo Koisha district, Wolaita zone. Consequently, ND vaccination campaigns should be launched, and effective extension programs should also be provided to raise awareness about the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondimu Wodajo
- Wolaita Sodo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Nejib Mohammed
- Department of Animal Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Tora
- Department of Animal Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Ephrem Tora ✉
| | - Wasihun Seyoum
- Department of Animal Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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21
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Haddas R. Newcastle Disease Virus. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2463-0_1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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22
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Hussein MAI, Osman NA, Ibrahim MT, Alhassan AM, Abass NA. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Newcastle disease in backyard chickens in West Kordofan State, Sudan. Vet World 2022; 15:2979-2985. [PMID: 36718316 PMCID: PMC9880837 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2979-2985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Newcastle disease (ND), a major constraint to poultry production worldwide, is a highly contagious disease of many species of domestic, exotic, and wild birds caused by ND virus (NDV). Epidemiological studies are lacking regarding ND in village chickens, including the traditional and intensive production systems used in Sudan. However, it is necessary to develop appropriate strategies to control the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the flock- and bird-level seroprevalence of NDV in backyard chickens in West Kordofan State, Sudan, and to identify the risk factors associated with ND in the study area. Materials and Methods The seroprevalence of the circulating NDV and bird-level risk factors associated with ND was determined in backyard chickens from March to October 2017, in six villages (Alnowara, Alleait, Geibaish, Baiad, Sougoh, and Alnuhoud) in the Geibaish and Elnuhoud localities of West Kordofan State. Results Using the hemagglutination-inhibition test, the bird- and flock-level seroprevalences of antibodies to NDV were estimated as 20.6% (78/378) and 45% (18/40), respectively. Bird-level NDV seropositivity in backyard chickens was significantly associated with the reason for raising chickens, type of housing, contact with neighboring poultry, contact with wild birds, and chicken mortality caused by infectious diseases (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion This study indicated that NDV is circulating in backyard chickens and may act as a potential source of infection for other birds and thus persistence of ND among local traditionally managed chickens in the areas of West Kordofan State. Risk factors contributing to ND occurrence are important for designing appropriate prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz A. I. Hussein
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum-North, Sudan,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of West Kordofan, Al-Fulah, Sudan
| | - Nussieba A. Osman
- Department of Pathology, Parasitology, and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum-North, Sudan,Corresponding author: Nussieba A. Osman, e-mail: Co-authors: MAIH: , MTI: , AMA: , NAA:
| | - Mohamed T. Ibrahim
- Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum-North, Sudan
| | - Ayman M. Alhassan
- Department of Poultry, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Soba, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Naglaa A. Abass
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum-North, Sudan
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23
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Eid AAM, Hussein A, Hassanin O, Elbakrey RM, Daines R, Sadeyen JR, Abdien HMF, Chrzastek K, Iqbal M. Newcastle Disease Genotype VII Prevalence in Poultry and Wild Birds in Egypt. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102244. [PMID: 36298799 PMCID: PMC9607356 DOI: 10.3390/v14102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype VII is a highly pathogenic Orthoavulavirus that has caused multiple outbreaks among poultry in Egypt since 2011. This study aimed to observe the prevalence and genetic diversity of NDV prevailing in domestic and wild birds in Egyptian governorates. A total of 37 oropharyngeal swabs from wild birds and 101 swabs from domestic bird flocks including chickens, ducks, turkeys, and pelicans, were collected from different geographic regions within 13 governorates during 2019–2020. Virus isolation and propagation via embryonated eggs revealed 91 swab samples produced allantoic fluid containing haemagglutination activity, suggestive of virus presence. The use of RT-PCR targeted to the F gene successfully detected NDV in 85 samples. The geographical prevalence of NDV was isolated in 12 governorates in domestic birds, migratory, and non-migratory wild birds. Following whole genome sequencing, we assembled six NDV genome sequences (70–99% of genome coverage), including five full F gene sequences. All NDV strains carried high virulence, with phylogenetic analysis revealing that the strains belonged to class II within genotype VII.1.1. The genetically similar yet geographically distinct virulent NDV isolates in poultry and a wild bird may allude to an external role contributing to the dissemination of NDV in poultry populations across Egypt. One such contribution may be the migratory behaviour of wild birds; however further investigation must be implemented to support the findings of this study. Additionally, continued genomic surveillance in both wild birds and poultry would be necessary for monitoring NDV dissemination and genetic diversification across Egypt, with the aim of controlling the disease and protecting poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. M. Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Hussein
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ola Hassanin
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Reham M. Elbakrey
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rebecca Daines
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - Hanan M. F. Abdien
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41622, Egypt
| | | | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Correspondence:
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24
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Annaheim D, Vogler BR, Sigrist B, Vögtlin A, Hüssy D, Breitler C, Hartnack S, Grund C, King J, Wolfrum N, Albini S. Screening of Healthy Feral Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in the City of Zurich Reveals Continuous Circulation of Pigeon Paramyxovirus-1 and a Serious Threat of Transmission to Domestic Poultry. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081656. [PMID: 36014074 PMCID: PMC9412584 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1) is predominantly isolated from pigeons or doves and forms a separate group of viral strains within Avian Orthoavulavirus-1, the causative agent of Newcastle disease in poultry. Since the introduction of PPMV-1 into Europe in 1981, these strains have rapidly spread all over Europe, and are nowadays considered to be enzootic in feral and hobby pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Infections with PPMV-1 can range from asymptomatic to fatal. To assess whether PPMV-1 continuously circulates in healthy feral pigeons, 396 tissue samples of pigeons from the city of Zurich were tested by reverse transcriptase real-time PCR over the period of one year. PPMV-1-RNA was detected in 41 feral pigeons (10.35%), determined as the dominant European genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2. In 38 of the 41 pigeons where organ samples tested positive, PPMV-1-RNA was also detected in either choana or cloaca swabs. There were no significant differences in positivity rates between seasons, age, and sex. The current study shows that feral pigeons without clinical signs of disease can harbour and most likely excrete PPMV-1. Spill-over into free-range holdings of chickens are therefore possible, as observed in a recent outbreak of Newcastle disease in laying hens due to PPMV-1 genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2. in the canton of Zurich in January 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Annaheim
- National Reference Center for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Renate Vogler
- National Reference Center for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Sigrist
- National Reference Center for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Vögtlin
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Hüssy
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grund
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jacqueline King
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nina Wolfrum
- National Reference Center for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Sarah Albini
- National Reference Center for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (S.A.)
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Abozaid KGA, Abdel-Moneim AS. Epidemiological surveillance of Newcastle disease virus in Egypt - a 6-year cohort study. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:243. [PMID: 35909216 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide and can lead to annual losses of up to 80% of backyard chickens in Africa. A retrospective cohort of 6 years was planned to screen the NDV in intensive chicken and turkey flocks. The existence of velogenic NDV strain was screened in different poultry flocks showing suspected signs of NDV using real-time RT-PCR targeting the F gene of the velogenic strain. A total of 843 poultry flocks were screened during the cohort. Samples were classified based on the month and year as well as the poultry type. All flocks should be negative for avian influenza virus as an inclusion criterion of the study. The F gene of a randomly selected positive sample from each year as well as an archival sample from 2005 was sequenced. An overall of 52.4% (443/842) of the tested farms showed positive results for the velogenic NDV. The cumulative percentage of positive flocks to the total positive flocks per month ranged from 5.9 to 11.8%. The results revealed that NDV is circulating across all months annually without evidence of seasonal tendency of the disease. Most of the strains belong to genotype VII.1.1, with only two strains related to XXI.1.1 and XXI.2. All VII.1.1 strains possess arginine at 27 position while XXI.1.1 and XXI.2 strains showed cysteine at 27 and amino acid substitutions in the signal peptide, cleavage site, and neutralizing epitopes. In conclusion, the current molecular epidemiological surveillance confirms the enzootic nature of NDV. It circulates all year round with no evidence of seasonal incidence. Genotype VII is the most predominant NDV genotype in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled G A Abozaid
- Institute of Animal Health, Fayoum, 63511, Egypt.,Department of Poultry Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
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Pereira MR, Machado LC, de Oliveira Carvalho RD, de Lima Cavalcanti TYV, da Silva Filho GB, de Sousa Lima T, Fonseca SMC, de Assis Leite Souza F, da Luz Wallau G, de Souza Mendonça F, de Oliveira Franca RF. Identification of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Pigeons (Columbia livia) in Northeastern Brazil Using Next-Generation Genome Sequencing. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071579. [PMID: 35891559 PMCID: PMC9319777 DOI: 10.3390/v14071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxoviruses 1 (APMV-1) is among the most important viruses infecting avian species. Given its widespread circulation, there is a high risk for the reintroduction of virulent strains into the domestic poultry industry, making the surveillance of wild and domestic birds a crucial process to appropriately respond to novel outbreaks. In the present study, we investigated an outbreak characterized by the identification of sick pigeons in a large municipality in Northeastern Brazil in 2018. The affected pigeons presented neurological signs, including motor incoordination, torticollis, and lethargy. Moribund birds were collected, and through a detailed histopathological analysis we identified severe lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis with perivascular cuffs and gliosis in the central nervous system, and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation in the liver, kidney, and intestine. A total of five pigeons tested positive for NDV, as assessed by rRT-PCR targeted to the M gene. Laboratory virus isolation on Vero E6 cells confirmed infection, after the recovery of infectious NVD from brain and kidney tissues. We next characterized the isolated NDV/pigeon/PE-Brazil/MP003/2018 by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Phylogenetic analysis grouped the virus with other NDV class II isolates from subgenotype VI.2.1.2, including two previous NDV isolates from Brazil in 2014 and 2019. The diversity of aminoacid residues at the fusion F protein cleavage site was analyzed identifying the motif RRQKR↓F, typical of virulent strains. Our results all highlight the importance of virus surveillance in wild and domestic birds, especially given the risk of zoonotic NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylena Ribeiro Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil;
| | - Lais Ceschini Machado
- Department of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (R.D.d.O.C.); (G.d.L.W.)
| | | | | | - Givaldo Bom da Silva Filho
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Telma de Sousa Lima
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Silvio Miguel Castillo Fonseca
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Francisco de Assis Leite Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Gabriel da Luz Wallau
- Department of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (R.D.d.O.C.); (G.d.L.W.)
| | - Fábio de Souza Mendonça
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.d.S.M.); (R.F.d.O.F.)
| | - Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Franca
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (F.d.S.M.); (R.F.d.O.F.)
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Deka P, Nath MK, Das S, Das BC, Phukan A, Lahkar D, Bora B, Shokeen K, Kumar A, Deka P. A study of risk factors associated with Newcastle disease and molecular characterization of genotype XIII Newcastle disease virus in backyard and commercial poultry in Assam, India. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:122-130. [PMID: 35816768 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) poses a persistent threat to the poultry industry. Recent increasing outbreaks of NDV in the North East region of India have highlighted the need to closely monitor and analyze the potential risk factors for Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks. In the present study, an attempt was made to genotype the circulating Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the backyard and commercial poultry flocks in Assam, India. Sera samples from unvaccinated backyard poultry flocks and tissue samples of ND suspected cases were collected and tested for the presence of NDV antibodies using the Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. A total of seven NDV isolates were analyzed from different districts of Assam, India, both genotypically and pathotypically. All isolates were characterized as virulent, carrying 112RRKQRF117 amino acid residues at the cleavage site. As determined by phylogenetic analysis, the isolates clustered with members of genotype XIII of class II NDV. Further analysis of risk factors of ND occurrence was conducted through a questionnaire survey. All the results indicated an occurrence of genotype XIII of NDV in the farms with inadequate biosecurity and farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pubaleem Deka
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Mrinal Kumar Nath
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Sangeeta Das
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Bipin Chandra Das
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Arabinda Phukan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Deepa Lahkar
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Birina Bora
- Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Shokeen
- Department of BSBE, IIT, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Pankaj Deka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India.
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Epidemiology of Newcastle disease in poultry in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:214. [PMID: 35705876 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study intended to determine the prevalence of Newcastle disease in unvaccinated backyard poultry in Africa. Using the PRISMA approach, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 107 epidemiological studies was conducted. The meta-analysis identified significant variation of both seroprevalence (I2 = 99.38, P = 0.00) and Newcastle disease virus prevalence (I2 = 99.52, P = 0.00) reported in various studies included in this review. Publication bias was not detected in either case. Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease was 40.2 (95%CI 32.9-47.8). Seroprevalence was significantly influenced by sampling frame and the African region where the studies were conducted. The prevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was 12% (95%CI 7.3-17.8), and the variation was influenced by sampling frame, diagnostic test, and regions where the studies were conducted. Also, Newcastle disease (ND) accounted for 33.1% (95%CI 11.9-58.1) of sick chickens. Results also indicated that genotypes VI and VII are widely distributed in all countries included in the study. However, genotype V is restricted in East Africa, and genotypes XIV, XVII, and XVIII are restricted in West and Central Africa. On the other hand, genotype XI occurs in Madagascar only. In addition, virulent genotypes were isolated from apparently healthy and sick birds. It is concluded that several genotypes of NDV are circulating and maintained within the poultry population. African countries should therefore strengthen surveillance systems, be able to study the viruses circulating in their territories, and establish control programs.
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Young KT, Stephens JQ, Poulson RL, Stallknecht DE, Dimitrov KM, Butt SL, Stanton JB. Putative Novel Avian Paramyxovirus (AMPV) and Reidentification of APMV-2 and APMV-6 to the Species Level Based on Wild Bird Surveillance (United States, 2016-2018). Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0046622. [PMID: 35612300 PMCID: PMC9195946 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00466-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) (subfamily Avulavirinae) have been isolated from over 200 species of wild and domestic birds around the world. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) currently defines 22 different APMV species, with Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (whose viruses are designated APMV-1) being the most frequently studied due to its economic burden to the poultry industry. Less is known about other APMV species, including limited knowledge on the genetic diversity in wild birds, and there is a paucity of public whole-genome sequences for APMV-2 to -22. The goal of this study was to use MinION sequencing to genetically characterize APMVs isolated from wild bird swab samples collected during 2016 to 2018 in the United States. Multiplexed MinION libraries were prepared using a random strand-switching approach using 37 egg-cultured, influenza-negative, hemagglutination-positive samples. Forty-one APMVs were detected, with 37 APMVs having complete polymerase coding sequences allowing for species identification using ICTV's current Paramyxoviridae phylogenetic methodology. APMV-1, -4, -6, and -8 viruses were classified, one putative novel species (Avian orthoavulavirus 23) was identified from viruses isolated in this study, two putative new APMV species (Avian metaavulavirus 24 and 27) were identified from viruses isolated in this study and from retrospective GenBank sequences, and two putative new APMV species (Avian metaavulavirus 25 and 26) were identified solely from retrospective GenBank sequences. Furthermore, coinfections of APMVs were identified in four samples. The potential limitations of the branch length being the only species identification criterion and the potential benefit of a group pairwise distance analysis are discussed. IMPORTANCE Most species of APMVs are understudied and/or underreported, and many species were incidentally identified from asymptomatic wild birds; however, the disease significance of APMVs in wild birds is not fully determined. The rapid rise in high-throughput sequencing coupled with avian influenza surveillance programs have identified 12 different APMV species in the last decade and have challenged the resolution of classical serological methods to identify new viral species. Currently, ICTV's only criterion for Paramyxoviridae species classification is the requirement of a branch length of >0.03 using a phylogenetic tree constructed from polymerase (L) amino acid sequences. The results from this study identify one new APMV species, propose four additional new APMV species, and highlight that the criterion may have insufficient resolution for APMV species demarcation and that refinement or expansion of this criterion may need to be established for Paramyxoviridae species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey T. Young
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jazz Q. Stephens
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Department of Population Health, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Department of Population Health, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Department of Virology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Salman L. Butt
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - James B. Stanton
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Surveillance of Class I Newcastle Disease Virus at Live Bird Markets in China and Identification of Variants with Increased Virulence and Replication Capacity. J Virol 2022; 96:e0024122. [PMID: 35510864 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00241-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 232 class I Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) were identified from multiple bird species at nationwide live bird markets (LBMs) from 2017 to 2019 in China. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all 232 isolates were clustered into genotype 1.1.2 of class I on the basis of the fusion (F) gene sequences, which were distinct from the genotypes identified in other countries. Most of the isolates (212/232) were shown to have the typical F gene molecular characteristics of class I NDVs, while a few (20/232) contained mutations at the site of the conventional start codon of the F gene, which resulted in open reading frames (ORFs) altered in length. The isolates with ACG, CTA, and ATA mutations showed different levels of increased virulence and replication capacity, suggesting that these viruses may be transitional types during the evolution of class I NDVs from avirulent to virulent. Further evaluation of biological characteristics with recombinant viruses obtained by reverse genetics demonstrated that the ATG located at genomic positions 4523 to 4525 was the authentic start codon in the F gene of class I NDV, and the specific ATA mutations which contributed to the expression of F protein on the surface of infected cells were the key determinants of increased replication capacity and virulence. Interestingly, the mutation at the corresponding site of genotype II LaSota of class II had no effects on the virulence and replication capacity in chickens. Our results suggest that the alteration of virulence and replication capacity caused by specific mutations in the F gene could be a specific characteristic of class I NDVs and indicate the possibility of the emergence of virulent NDVs due to the persistent circulation of class I NDVs. IMPORTANCE The available information on the distribution, genetic diversity, evolution, and biological characteristics of class I Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) in domestic poultry is currently very limited. Here, identification of class I NDVs at nationwide live bird markets (LBMs) in China was performed and representative isolates were characterized. A widespread distribution of genotype 1.1.2 of class I NDVs was found in multiple bird species at LBMs in China. Though most isolates demonstrated typical molecular characteristics of class I NDVs, a few that contained specific mutations at the site of the conventional start codon of the fusion gene with increased virulence and replication capacity were identified for the first time. Our findings indicate that the virulence of class I NDVs could have evolved, and the widespread transmission and circulation of class I NDVs may represent a potential threat for disease outbreaks in poultry.
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A Recombinant Turkey Herpesvirus Expressing the F Protein of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype XII Generated by NHEJ-CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre-LoxP Systems Confers Protection against Genotype XII Challenge in Chickens. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040793. [PMID: 35458523 PMCID: PMC9030537 DOI: 10.3390/v14040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new recombinant virus rHVT-F using a Turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vector, expressing the fusion (F) protein of the genotype XII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) circulating in Peru. We evaluated the viral shedding and efficacy against the NDV genotype XII challenge in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The F protein expression cassette was inserted in the unique long (UL) UL45–UL46 intergenic locus of the HVT genome by utilizing a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene-editing technology via a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathway. The rHVT-F virus, which expressed the F protein stably in vitro and in vivo, showed similar growth kinetics to the wild-type HVT (wtHVT) virus. The F protein expression of the rHVT-F virus was detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), Western blotting, and a flow cytometry assay. The presence of an NDV-specific IgY antibody was detected in serum samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in SPF chickens vaccinated with the rHVT-F virus. In the challenge experiment, the rHVT-F vaccine fully protects a high, and significantly reduced, virus shedding in oral at 5 days post-challenge (dpc). In conclusion, this new rHVT-F vaccine candidate is capable of fully protecting SPF chickens against the genotype XII challenge.
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Wiseman A, Shabbat M, Cohen A, From I, Almog Samina Y, Sade Levy E, Szer S, Zeltcer N, Klement E, Pima Y. Point mutation revealed the resurgence of sub-genotype VII.2 Newcastle disease virus in Israel. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:236-243. [PMID: 35234543 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSIn 2019, there was a resurgence of NDV from sub-genotype VII.2 in Israel, in an already endemic area of sub-genotype VII.1.A mismatch at the 3' end of the reverse primer caused a diagnostic failure of the NDV virulence differentiation rRT-PCR assay.The 2019 NDV sub-genotype VII.2 virus is genetically close to viruses from Jordan (2018) and Pakistan (2015-2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Wiseman
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel.,Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew university of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mali Shabbat
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Aliza Cohen
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Ido From
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Yael Almog Samina
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Einat Sade Levy
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Shahar Szer
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Nadav Zeltcer
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew university of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaniv Pima
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Kiryat Malachi, Israel
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Jia L, Liang B, Wu K, Wang R, Liu H, Di Liu, Chen Q. Circulation, genomic characteristics, and evolutionary dynamics of class I Newcastle disease virus in China. Virulence 2022; 13:414-427. [PMID: 35188866 PMCID: PMC8865265 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2037342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Jia
- Cas Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bilin Liang
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runkun Wang
- Cas Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjiao Chen
- Cas Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Liu YP, Lee F, Cheng MC, Chang CY, Chiou CJ, Tsai HJ. Genetic diversity of avian paramyxoviruses isolated from wild birds and domestic poultry in Taiwan between 2009 and 2020. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:378-389. [PMID: 35082196 PMCID: PMC8983294 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) belonging to the subfamily Avulavirinae within the family Paramyxoviridae. APMVs consist of twenty-two known species and are
constantly isolated from a wide variety of avian species around the world. In this study, the APMV isolates obtained from wild birds and domestic poultry during 2009–2020 in Taiwan were
genetically characterized by phylogenetic analysis of their complete fusion protein gene or full-length genome. As a result, 57 APMV isolates belonging to seven different species were
obtained during this period and subsequently identified as APMV-1 (n=17), APMV-2 (n=1), APMV-4 (n=25), APMV-6 (n=8), APMV-12 (n=2), APMV-21 (n=2) and APMV-22 (n=2). Sanger sequencing was
performed to provide 22 full-length genome sequences and 35 complete fusion protein gene sequences for the APMV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the recovered viruses were closely
related to Eurasian strains, except five class I APMV-1 and four APMV-4 isolates were related to North America strains. Our findings provided more evidence for the intercontinental
transmission of APMVs between Eurasia and North America by wild birds. In addition, according to the criteria of the classification system based on complete fusion protein gene sequences,
three novel genotypes within APMV-2, APMV-12, and APMV-22 were identified. Together, this investigation provided a broader perspective on the genetic diversity, evolution, and distribution
of APMVs in multiple avian host species sampled in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fan Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute
| | - Ming-Chu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
| | | | | | - Hsiang-Jung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University
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Esmaeelzadeh-Dizaji R, Molouki A, Hosseini H, Fallah-Mehrabadi MH, Ziafati-Kafi Z, Takalou A, Eram N, Kumar N, Ashuri A, Sadri N, Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi A. Molecular characterization of a pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 virus isolated from Eurasian collared doves in Iran, 2017. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e29. [PMID: 35466597 PMCID: PMC9149496 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Esmaeelzadeh-Dizaji
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 3197619751, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj 3149968111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah-Mehrabadi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 3197619751, Iran
| | - Zahra Ziafati-Kafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Azin Takalou
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Nava Eram
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Niloufar Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Alireza Ashuri
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Naser Sadri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
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Mahamud SNA, Bello MB, Ideris A, Omar AR. Efficacy study of genotype-matched Newcastle disease virus vaccine formulated in carboxymethyl sago starch acid hydrogel in specific-pathogen-free chickens vaccinated via different administration routes. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e25. [PMID: 35920119 PMCID: PMC9346527 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The commercially available Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines were developed based on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates genetically divergent from field strains that can only prevent clinical disease, not shedding of virulent heterologous virus, highlighting the need to develop genotype-matched vaccines Objectives This study examined the efficacy of the NDV genotype-matched vaccine, mIBS025 strain formulated in standard vaccine stabilizer, and in carboxymethyl sago starch-acid hydrogel (CMSS-AH) following vaccination via an eye drop (ED) and drinking water (DW). Methods A challenge virus was prepared from a recent NDV isolated from ND vaccinated flock. Groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with mIBS025 vaccine strain prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer and CMSS-AH via ED and DW and then challenged with the UPM/NDV/IBS362/2016 strain. Results Chickens vaccinated with CMSS-AH mIBS025 ED (group 2) developed the earliest and highest Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) NDV antibody titer (8log2) followed by standard mIBS025 ED (group 3) (7log2) both conferred complete protection and drastically reduced virus shedding. By contrast, chickens vaccinated with standard mIBS025 DW (group 5) and CMSS-AH mIBS025 DW (group 4) developed low HI NDV antibody titers of 4log2 and 3log2, respectively, which correspondingly conferred only 50% and 60% protection and continuously shed the virulent virus via the oropharyngeal and cloacal routes until the end of the study at 14 dpc. Conclusions The efficacy of mIBS025 vaccines prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer or CMSS-AH was affected by the vaccination routes. The groups vaccinated via ED had better protective immunity than those vaccinated via DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nor Azizah Mahamud
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Center for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Allahyari E, Allymehr M, Molouki A, Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Talebi A. Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic study of the fusion gene of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from broiler farms of Iran in 2018-2019. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian orthoavulavirus, commonly known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been a constant threat for the poultry industry of Iran for decades. Recently, a couple of preliminary studies on backyard and commercial chicken suggested that a major subgenotype circulating in Iran may be VII(L) subgenotype, which is now known as VII.1.1 according to the new classification system. The unique subgenotype was not reported from other parts of the world and was slightly (≥3%) different from the closest group that was VIId. The study was conducted between July 2018 and March 2019 to determine the exact NDV genotypes/subgenotypes circulating in Iranian broiler poultry farms; five-hundred and forty chickens were sampled from thirty-six broiler farms located in eighteen provinces of Iran. As other genotypes/subgenotypes such as XIII and VI.2 are circulating in neighbouring countries, border provinces were also sampled. The F gene of the NDV isolates was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. All the isolates clustered under the VII.1.1 group. The evolutionary analysis also revealed that the distances were between 0.0 and 0.7% meaning that the Iranian NDV circulating in broiler farms were not only of VII.1.1 sub-genotype, but also genetically very identical, indicating that the routine control measures for ND in Iran were not able to prevent the circulating NDVs. Although stricter biosecurity measures have been really effective in developed countries, surveillance of NDV to determine the circulating genotypes might also help us to implement better vaccination strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Allahyari
- Division of Poultry Health & Diseases, Department of Clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - M. Allymehr
- Division of Poultry Health & Diseases, Department of Clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - A. Molouki
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - M. H. Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - A. Talebi
- Division of Poultry Health & Diseases, Department of Clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Sultan HA, Elfeil WK, Nour AA, Tantawy L, Kamel EG, Eed EM, El Askary A, Talaat S. Efficacy of the Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1-Matched Vaccines in Commercial Broilers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 10:vaccines10010029. [PMID: 35062690 PMCID: PMC8779737 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Class II genotype VII Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) are predominant in the Middle East and Asia despite intensive vaccination programs using conventional live and inactivated NDV vaccines. In this study, the protective efficacies of three commercial vaccine regimes involving genotype II NDV, recombinant genotype VII NDV-matched, and an autogenous velogenic NDV genotype VII vaccine were evaluated against challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII (accession number MG029120). Three vaccination regimes were applied as follows: group-1 received inactivated genotype II, group-2 received inactivated recombinant genotype VII NDV-matched, and group-3 received velogenic inactivated autogenous NDV genotype VII vaccines given on day 7; for the live vaccine doses, each group received the same live genotype II vaccine. The birds in all of the groups were challenged with NDV genotype VII, which was applied on day 28. Protection by the three regimes was evaluated after infection based on mortality rate, clinical signs, gross lesions, virus shedding, seroconversion, and microscopic changes. The results showed that these three vaccination regimes partially protected commercial broilers (73%, 86%, 97%, respectively, vs. 8.6% in non-vaccinated challenged and 0% in non-vaccinated non-challenged birds) against mortality at 10 days post-challenge (dpc). Using inactivated vaccines significantly reduced the virus shedding at the level of the number of shedders and the amount of virus that was shed in all vaccinated groups (G1-3) compared to in the non-vaccinated group (G-4). In conclusion, using closely genotype-matched vaccines (NDV-GVII) provided higher protection than using vaccines that were not closely genotype-matched and non-genotype-matched. The vaccine seeds that were closely related to genotype VII.1.1 provided higher protection against challenge against this genotype since it circulates in the Middle East region. Updating vaccine seeds with recent and closely related isolates provides higher protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A. Sultan
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt; (E.G.K.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.S.); (W.K.E.)
| | - Wael K. Elfeil
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 51522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.A.S.); (W.K.E.)
| | - Ahmed A. Nour
- Agriculture Research Center, National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12566, Egypt;
| | - Laila Tantawy
- Agriculture Research Center, Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12566, Egypt;
| | - Elsayed G. Kamel
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt; (E.G.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Emad M. Eed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Shaimaa Talaat
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt; (E.G.K.); (S.T.)
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Zhan T, He D, Lu X, Liao T, Wang W, Chen Q, Liu X, Gu M, Wang X, Hu S, Liu X. Biological Characterization and Evolutionary Dynamics of Pigeon Paramyxovirus Type 1 in China. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:721102. [PMID: 34722696 PMCID: PMC8548471 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.721102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) is considered as an antigenic variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) which has an obvious host preference for pigeons and has caused significant economic losses to the global poultry industry. The evolutionary dynamics of PPMV-1 in China, however, are poorly understood. In this study, we characterized seven PPMV-1 isolates from diseased pigeons collected in Jiangsu, Anhui, and Henan provinces during 2020. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven isolates belonged to sub-genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2. Biological characterization indicated that seven isolates were mesogenic based on the mean death time (69.6-91.2 h) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (1.19-1.40) and had similar growth kinetics in chicken embryos and CEFs. Furthermore, the four representative viruses (AH/01/20/Pi, JS/06/20/Pi, HN/01/20/Pi, and HN/02/20/Pi) could result in marked cytopathic effects (CPE) in CEFs and induced syncytium formation in Vero cells. Our Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that PPMV-1 might first emerge in East China in 1974 and East China had the highest genotypic diversity of PPMV-1. Besides, phylogeographic analysis indicated that East China and South China were probably the major epicenters of dissemination of PPMV-1 in China. Selection pressure analysis and amino acid substitutions analysis revealed that the viral replication complex (NP, P, and L proteins) was likely related with the host preference of PPMV-1. Collectively, this study uncovered the epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of PPMV-1 circulating in China, emphasizing the importance of strengthening the monitoring of PPMV-1 in East China and South China and providing significant clues for further studies on the molecular mechanism underlying host preference of PPMV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansong Zhan
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dongchang He
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianxing Liao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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40
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Amoia CFAN, Nnadi PA, Ezema C, Couacy-Hymann E. Epidemiology of Newcastle disease in Africa with emphasis on Côte d'Ivoire: A review. Vet World 2021; 14:1727-1740. [PMID: 34475692 PMCID: PMC8404124 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1727-1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, Newcastle disease (ND) has long been recognized as a frontline viral disease that constrains poultry production throughout Africa. The need to update on the epidemiology of the disease is rife, due to the increasing importance of poultry farming. In addition, poultry farming serves as the top animal food source globally. However, in Africa, the greater population of poultry is reared under traditional and conventional husbandry methods. This hugely impedes the ability of management practices to be correctly embraced in limiting or excluding viral pathogens in the poultry production chain. We conducted this review to consolidate recently published studies in the field and provide an overview of the disease. We reviewed original studies conducted on ND, the current taxonomic classification of the virus, clinical signs of the disease, and laboratory diagnostic methods available for virus detection and typing. This review additionally examined the control methods currently used, including available or circulating vaccines, vaccinations, recent vaccine findings, and the main variants of the virus present in West Africa. More specifically, we present a review of the current status and available information on the disease in Côte d’Ivoire. The lack of up-to-date and relevant information on the current prevalence, socio-economic impact, and ethnoveterinary medicine used against ND is probably the main limitation for appropriate and effective decision-making for better control of this disease in Côte d’Ivoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Franck Arthur N'Guessan Amoia
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.,LANADA/Central Laboratory for Animal Diseases, B.P 206 Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Pius Ajanwachukwu Nnadi
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chuka Ezema
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Koeppel KN, Kemp LV, Maartens LH, Thompson PN. Immunogenicity of Newcastle Disease Vaccine in Southern Ground-hornbill ( Bucorvus leadbeateri). J Avian Med Surg 2021; 34:229-236. [PMID: 33099975 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The southern ground-hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri; hereafter SGH) is endangered in South Africa, Namibia, and Swaziland. Through a conservation program established in South Africa by the Mabula Ground Hornbill Project, wild populations are being re-established by the reintroduction of captive-reared birds. The SGH is susceptible to infection with avian avulavirus 1, which causes Newcastle disease (ND). Four different vaccines to protect against ND were administered through various vaccination schedules and evaluated by serologic monitoring to assess the efficiency and safety of various combinations of vaccines (live versus inactivated/killed), vaccine strains (Ulster strain, live; Avivac Cellimune, live; VG/GA strain, live; and Avivac Struvac, killed), and administration routes (intraocular versus subcutaneous versus intramuscular injection versus oral). We vaccinated 75 individuals and evaluated antibody titers in 53 individuals (24 juveniles, 13 subadults, and 16 adult SGH; 26 males and 27 females) over a period of 9 years. Antibody titers to avian avulavirus 1 in sera were monitored by a hemagglutination inhibition test. Protective titers were generated with 3/6 vaccine regimes tested in the SGH. The highest vaccine titers were established in birds vaccinated with the Ulster strain in the conjunctiva and followed with an intramuscular Struvac injection (mean log2 titer 8.6 ± 2.6) booster. Our aim was 1) to assess whether optimal vaccination protocols could be developed and 2) to then be able, by oral administration, to remove the need to recapture free-roaming, reintroduced birds to administer the initial vaccine or booster, thus remove the threat or mortality associated with ND to this endangered avian species in both captive birds and birds released back into the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja N Koeppel
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa, .,Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Lucy V Kemp
- Mabula Ground Hornbill Project, Bela-Bela 0480, Limpopo, South Africa.,Applied Behavioural Ecology & Ecosystem Research Unit, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Louis H Maartens
- Research and Development Section, Deltamune Pty Ltd, Lyttelton, Pretoria 0140, South Africa
| | - Peter N Thompson
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
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Nooruzzaman M, Barman LR, Mumu TT, Chowdhury EH, Dimitrov KM, Islam MR. A Pigeon-Derived Sub-Genotype XXI.1.2 Newcastle Disease Virus from Bangladesh Induces High Mortality in Chickens. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081520. [PMID: 34452385 PMCID: PMC8402815 DOI: 10.3390/v13081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a significant pathogen of poultry; however, variants also affect other species, including pigeons. While NDV is endemic in Bangladesh, and poultry isolates have been recently characterized, information about viruses infecting pigeons is limited. Worldwide, pigeon-derived isolates are commonly of low to moderate virulence for chickens. Here, we studied a pigeon-derived NDV isolated in Bangladesh in 2010. To molecularly characterize the isolate, we sequenced its complete fusion gene and performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. We further studied the biological properties of the virus by estimating mean death time (MDT) and by experimentally infecting 5-week-old naïve Sonali chickens. The studied virus clustered in sub-genotype XXI.1.2 with NDV from pigeons from Pakistan isolated during 2014–2018. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed a polybasic fusion protein cleavage site motif, typical for virulent NDV. The performed in vivo pathogenicity testing showed a MDT of 40.8 h, and along with previously established intracerebral pathogenicity index of 1.51, these indicated a velogenic pathotype for chickens, which is not typical for pigeon-derived viruses. The experimental infection of chickens resulted in marked neurological signs and high mortality starting at 7 days post infection (dpi). Mild congestion in the thymus and necrosis in the spleen were observed at an advanced stage of infection. Microscopically, lymphoid depletion in the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were found at 5 dpi, which progressed to severe in the following days. Mild to moderate proliferation of glial cells was noticed in the brain starting at 2 dpi, which gradually progressed with time, leading to focal nodular aggregation. This study reports the velogenic nature for domestic chickens of a pigeon-derived NDV isolate of sub-genotype XXI.1.2. Our findings show that not all pigeon-derived viruses are of low virulence for chickens and highlight the importance of biologically evaluating the pathogenicity of NDV isolated from pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.N.); (L.R.B.); (T.T.M.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Lalita Rani Barman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.N.); (L.R.B.); (T.T.M.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Tanjin Tamanna Mumu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.N.); (L.R.B.); (T.T.M.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.N.); (L.R.B.); (T.T.M.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 483 Agronomy Rd, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: (K.M.D.); (M.R.I.)
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.N.); (L.R.B.); (T.T.M.); (E.H.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.D.); (M.R.I.)
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Mansour SMG, ElBakrey RM, Mohamed FF, Hamouda EE, Abdallah MS, Elbestawy AR, Ismail MM, Abdien HMF, Eid AAM. Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 in Egypt: Epidemiology, Evolutionary Perspective, and Vaccine Approach. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:647462. [PMID: 34336965 PMCID: PMC8320000 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.647462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian orthoavulavirus 1, formerly known as avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1), infects more than 250 different species of birds. It causes a broad range of clinical diseases and results in devastating economic impact due to high morbidity and mortality in addition to trade restrictions. The ease of spread has allowed the virus to disseminate worldwide with subjective virulence, which depends on the virus strain and host species. The emergence of new virulent genotypes among global epizootics, including those from Egypt, illustrates the time-to-time genomic alterations that lead to simultaneous evolution of distinct APMV-1 genotypes at different geographic locations across the world. In Egypt, the Newcastle disease was firstly reported in 1947 and continued to occur, despite rigorous prophylactic vaccination, and remained a potential threat to commercial and backyard poultry production. Since 2005, many researchers have investigated the nature of APMV-1 in different outbreaks, as they found several APMV-1 genotypes circulating among various species. The unique intermingling of migratory, free-living, and domesticated birds besides the availability of frequently mobile wild birds in Egypt may facilitate the evolution power of APMV-1 in Egypt. Pigeons and waterfowls are of interest due to their inclusion in Egyptian poultry industry and their ability to spread the infection to other birds either by presence of different genotypes (as in pigeons) or by harboring a clinically silent disease (as in waterfowl). This review details (i) the genetic and pathobiologic features of APMV-1 infections in Egypt, (ii) the epidemiologic and evolutionary events in different avian species, and (iii) the vaccine applications and challenges in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M G Mansour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reham M ElBakrey
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fakry F Mohamed
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Esraa E Hamouda
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona S Abdallah
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Ismail
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanan M F Abdien
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amal A M Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Predominance of Fourth Panzootic Newcastle Disease Virus Subgenotype VII.1.1 in Iran and Its Relation to the Genotypes Circulating in the Region. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3068-3078. [PMID: 34165608 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Following recent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Iranian poultry farms which were mostly associated with lesions of the avian gastrointestinal tract, it was speculated that the scale of the outbreaks could be attributed in part to co-circulating infectious agents or a new NDV genotype/subgenotype. This speculation was due to the isolation of a few 5th panzootic subgenotype VII.2 viruses from Iranian poultry farms in 2017. Samples from different species of commercial and domestic birds were collected from different provinces of Iran, 19 of which were selected for the current study. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the recent outbreaks have been caused by only one agent, i.e. the distinctive NDV subgenotype VII.1.1 (previously known VIIl) viruses that seem to be circulating predominantly in Iran, but have also been sporadically reported from Iraq among neighbouring countries. At most, 96.3-96.7% BLAST identity to non-Iranian VII.1.1 isolates was observed. Genetic distance values of <1% were indicative of high similarity between the isolates, but the values were approaximately 2% when the current isolates were compared to the earliest recorded Iranian VII.1.1 viruses isolated in 2010. Using Bayesian analysis, annual mutation rates of 1.7156E-3 (strict) and 1.9902E-3 (relaxed) over 11 years were obtained. In addition, we report that our laboratories have not detected any genotype XIII strains since 2011. Following up on previous reports, we concluded that currently, and except in Columbiforms, subgenotype VII.1.1 may likely be the predominant subgenotype in many bird species in Iran despite the subgenotype VII.2 being predominant in neighbouring countries.
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Efficacy of Vaccination against Infection with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Genotypes VI and VII 1.1 Strains in Japanese Quails. J Comp Pathol 2021; 186:35-50. [PMID: 34340803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a major pathogen of poultry worldwide, causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. To characterize the ability of recently isolated virulent strains of NDV genotypes VI and VII to cause disease in quails, and to evaluate the efficacy of two NDV vaccines against such strains, Japanese quails were experimentally inoculated with either NDV genotype VI (Pigeon F-VI strain) or VII 1.1 (GHB-328 strain) with or without vaccination with inactivated NDV vaccine of genotype II (La Sota strain) or VII (KBNP strain). Mild to severe neurological signs developed in quails inoculated with the Pigeon F-VI strain from 3 to 14 days post infection (PI) and from 4 to 10 days PI in birds infected with the GHB-328 strain. The mortality rates were 46% and 33% for birds inoculated with NDV VI and NDV VII 1.1, respectively. The severity of histopathological changes depended on the viral isolates used. Vaccination with the La Sota or KBNP vaccine strain successfully protected quails against NDV-induced mortality and decreased the severity of clinical signs, pathological changes and cloacal viral shedding. This study showed that these virulent NDV isolates had mild to moderate pathogenicity in quails and that both vaccines protected against challenge with both virus strains. NDV vaccine genotype VII improved the level of protection against challenge with the VII 1.1 genotype compared with the classic vaccine, but failed to protect quails against challenge with the VI genotype.
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Omony JB, Wanyana A, Mugimba KK, Kirunda H, Nakavuma JL, Otim-Onapa M, Byarugaba DK. Epitope Peptide-Based Predication and Other Functional Regions of Antigenic F and HN Proteins of Waterfowl and Poultry Avian Avulavirus Serotype-1 Isolates From Uganda. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:610375. [PMID: 34212016 PMCID: PMC8240872 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.610375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uganda is a Newcastle disease (ND) endemic country where the disease is controlled by vaccination using live LaSota (genotype II) and I2 (genotype I) vaccine strains. Resurgent outbreak episodes call for an urgent need to understand the antigenic diversity of circulating wild Avian Avulavirus serotype-1 (AAvV-1) strains. High mutation rates and the continuous emergence of genetic and antigenic variants that evade immunity make non-segmented RNA viruses difficult to control. Antigenic and functional analysis of the key viral surface proteins is a crucial step in understanding the antigen diversity between vaccine lineages and the endemic wild ND viruses in Uganda and designing ND peptide vaccines. In this study, we used computational analysis, phylogenetic characterization, and structural modeling to detect evolutionary forces affecting the predicted immune-dominant fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins of AAvV-1 isolates from waterfowl and poultry in Uganda compared with that in LaSota vaccine strain. Our findings indicate that mutational amino acid variations at the F protein in LaSota strain, 25 poultry wild-type and 30 waterfowl wild-type isolates were distributed at regions including the functional domains of B-cell epitopes or N-glycosylation sites, cleavage site, fusion site that account for strain variations. Similarly, conserved regions of HN protein in 25 Ugandan domestic fowl isolates and the representative vaccine strain varied at the flanking regions and potential linear B-cell epitope. The fusion sites, signal peptides, cleavage sites, transmembrane domains, potential B-cell epitopes, and other specific regions of the two protein types in vaccine and wild viruses varied considerably at structure by effective online epitope prediction programs. Cleavage site of the waterfowl isolates had a typical avirulent motif of 111GGRQGR'L117 with the exception of one isolate which showed a virulent motif of 111GGRQKR'F117. All the poultry isolates showed the 111GRRQKR'F117 motif corresponding to virulent strains. Amino acid sequence variations in both HN and F proteins of AAvV-1 isolates from poultry, waterfowl, and vaccine strain were distributed over the length of the proteins with no detectable pattern, but using the experimentally derived 3D structure data revealed key-mapped mutations on the surfaces of the predicted conformational epitopes encompassing the experimental major neutralizing epitopes. The phylogenic tree constructed using the full F gene and partial F gene sequences of the isolates from poultry and waterfowl respectively, showed that Ugandan ND aquatic bird and poultry isolates share some functional amino acids in F sequences yet do remain unique at structure and the B-cell epitopes. Recombination analyses showed that the C-terminus and the rest of the F gene in poultry isolates originated from prevalent velogenic strains. Altogether, these could provide rationale for antigenic diversity in wild ND isolates of Uganda compared with the current ND vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bosco Omony
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Uganda Industrial Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Agnes Wanyana
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kizito K Mugimba
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Halid Kirunda
- Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Jessica L Nakavuma
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Maxwell Otim-Onapa
- Directorate of Science, Research and Innovation, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis K Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Hosseini SS, Aghaiypour Kolyani K, Rafiei Tabatabaei R, Goudarzi H, Akhavan Sepahi A, Salemi M. In silico prediction of B and T cell epitopes based on NDV fusion protein for vaccine development against Newcastle disease virus. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:157-165. [PMID: 34345381 PMCID: PMC8328245 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.98625.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is known as the most common diseases of economic importance worldwide. Vaccination against virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has failed during some outbreaks. Here, we aimed to assess the epitopes of NDV fusion protein as targets for a peptide-based vaccine. To explore the most antigenic epitopes on the F protein, we retrieved virulent strains of genotype VII from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Linear and conformational B-cell epitopes were identified. Moreover, T-cell epitopes with high and moderate binding affinities to human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II alleles were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Subsequently, the overlapped epitopes of B-cell and MHC class I and MHC class II were determined. To validate our predictions, the best epitopes were docked, to chicken MHC class I (B-F) alleles using the HADDOCK flexible docking server. Seven ‘high ranked epitopes’ were identified. Among them, ‘LYCTRIVTF’ and ‘MRATYLETL’ showed the highest scores. The other five epitopes including LSGEFDATY, LTTPPYMALK, LYLTELTTV, DCIKITQQV and SIAATNEAV obtained very encouraging results as well. SIAATNEAV had been recognized as a neutralizing epitope of F protein using monoclonal antibodies before. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the identified epitopes needed to be tested by in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khosrow Aghaiypour Kolyani
- Department of Genomics and Genetic Engineering, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Robab Rafiei Tabatabaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Central Laboratory Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Agricultural Research, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Akhavan Sepahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salemi
- Department of Genomics and Genetic Engineering, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Molouki A, Soltani M, Akhijahani MM, Merhabadi MHF, Abtin A, Shoushtari A, Langeroudi AG, Lim SHE, Allahyari E, Abdoshah M, Pourbakhsh SA. Circulation of at Least Six Distinct Groups of Pigeon-Derived Newcastle Disease Virus in Iran Between 1996 and 2019. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2672-2681. [PMID: 34008101 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
According to the latest Newcastle disease virus (NDV) classification system, Iranian PPMV-1 isolates were classified as either XXI.1.1 or XXI.2 subgenotypes only. However, a few recent studies have suggested the possible existence of other Iranian PPMV-1 genotypes/subgenotypes. Recently, we isolated a PPMV-1 closely related to the African origin subgenotype VI.2.1.2 from an ill captive pigeon in a park aviary in central Tehran (Pg/IR/AMMM160/2019). This subgenotype had never been reported from Iran or neighboring countries. We also isolated a subgenotype VII.1.1 NDV (Pg/IR/AMMM117/2018), usually reported from non-pigeon birds in Iran. The nucleotide distance of AMMM117 was 1.0-2.5% compared to other Iranian subgenotypes VII.1.1 isolates. However, usually the same year VII.1.1 viruses that we isolate from Iranian poultry farms show negligible distances (0.0-0.5%). More isolates are required to study if this difference is due to subgenotype VII.1.1 being circulated and mutated in pigeons. Here, we also characterized two other isolates, namely Pg/IR/AMMM168/2019 and Pg/IR/MAM39/2017. The latter is the first Iranian subgenotype XXI.1.1 to be featured in the NDV datasets of the international NDV consortium. We also investigated the phylogenetic relation of all the published Iranian pigeon-derived NDV to date and updated the grouping according to the latest classification system. We have concluded that at least six different groups of pigeon-derived NDV have been circulating in Iran since 1996, four of which have been reported from just one city over the last seven years. This study suggests that the Iranian pigeon-origin NDV have been more diverse than the Iranian poultry-derived NDV in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mahmoudzadeh Akhijahani
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Merhabadi
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Abtin
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdelhamid Shoushtari
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Swee Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohammad Abdoshah
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
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Naguib MM, Höper D, Elkady MF, Afifi MA, Erfan A, Abozeid HH, Hasan WM, Arafa AS, Shahein M, Beer M, Harder TC, Grund C. Comparison of genomic and antigenic properties of Newcastle Disease virus genotypes II, XXI and VII from Egypt do not point to antigenic drift as selection marker. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:849-863. [PMID: 33955204 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by avian orthoavulavirus type-1 (NDV), is endemic in poultry in many regions of the world and causes continuing outbreaks in poultry populations. In the Middle East, genotype XXI, used to be present in poultry in Egypt but has been replaced by genotype VII. We investigated whether virus evolution contributed to superseding and focussed on the antigenic sites within the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) spike protein. Full-length sequences of an NDV genotype VII isolate currently circulating in Egypt was compared to a genotype XXI isolate that was present as co-infection with vaccine-type viruses (II) in a historical virus isolated in 2011. Amino acid differences in the HN glycoprotein for both XXI and VII viruses amounted to 11.7% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to the La Sota vaccine type. However, mutations within the globular head (aa 126-570), bearing relevant antigenic sites, were underrepresented (a divergence of 8.8% and 8.1% compared to 22.4% and 25.6% within the protein domains encompassing cytoplasmic tail, transmembrane part and stalk regions (aa 1-125) for genotypes XXI and VII, respectively). Nevertheless, reaction patterns of HN-specific monoclonal antibodies inhibiting receptor binding revealed differences between vaccine-type viruses and genotype XXI and VII viruses for epitopes located in the head domain. Accordingly, compared to Egyptian vaccine-type isolates and the La Sota vaccine reference strain, single aa substitutions in 6 of 10 described neutralizing epitopes of HN were found. However, the same alterations in neutralization sensitive epitopes were present in old genotype XXI as well as in newly emerged genotype VII isolates. In addition, isolates were indistinguishable by polyclonal chicken sera raised against different genotypes including vaccine viruses. These findings suggest that factors other than antigenic differences within the HN protein account for facilitating the spread of genotype VII versus genotype XXI viruses in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Naguib
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dirk Höper
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Greifswald Insel-Riems, Germany
| | - Magdy F Elkady
- Department of poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal A Afifi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Erfan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassanein H Abozeid
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M Hasan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Satar Arafa
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Momtaz Shahein
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Martin Beer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Greifswald Insel-Riems, Germany
| | - Timm C Harder
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Greifswald Insel-Riems, Germany
| | - Christian Grund
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Greifswald Insel-Riems, Germany
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50
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Moharam I, Asala O, Reiche S, Hafez H, Beer M, Harder T, Grund C. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein define neutralizing epitopes specific for Newcastle disease virus genotype 2.VII from Egypt. Virol J 2021; 18:86. [PMID: 33902633 PMCID: PMC8072307 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease is a devastating disease in poultry caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a paramyxovirus endemic in many regions of the world despite intensive vaccination. Phylogenetic analyses reveal ongoing evolution of the predominant circulating genotype 2.VII, and the relevance of potential antigenic drift is under discussion. To investigate variation within neutralization-sensitive epitopes within the protein responsible for receptor binding, i.e. the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) spike protein, we were interested in establishing genotype-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Methods An HN-enriched fraction of a gradient-purified NDV genotype 2.VII was prepared and successfully employed to induce antibodies in BalbC mice that recognize conformationally intact sites reactive by haemagglutination inhibition (HI). For subsequent screening of mouse hybridoma cultures, an NDV-ELISA was established that utilizes Concanavalin A (ConA-ELISA) coupled glycoproteins proven to present conformation-dependent epitopes. Results Six out of nine selected MAbs were able to block receptor binding as demonstrated by HI activity. One MAb recognized an epitope only present in the homologue virus, while four other MAbs showed weak reactivity to selected other genotypes. On the other hand, one broadly cross-reacting MAb reacted with all genotypes tested and resembled the reactivity profile of genotype-specific polyclonal antibody preparations that point to minor antigenic differences between tested NDV genotpyes. Conclusions These results point to the concurrent presence of variable and conserved epitopes within the HN molecule of NDV. The described protocol should help to generate MAbs against a variety of NDV strains and to enable in depth analysis of the antigenic profiles of different genotypes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01540-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Moharam
- Institute for Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, University of Sadat City, Monufia, Egypt
| | - Olayinka Asala
- Viral Vaccines Production Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Sven Reiche
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hafez Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Disease, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute for Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Timm Harder
- Institute for Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christian Grund
- Institute for Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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