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Rey M, Kruse MS, Gómez J, Simirgiotis MJ, Tapia A, Coirini H. Ultra-High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Tessaria absinthioides (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (Asteraceae) and Antioxidant and Hypocholesterolemic Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:50. [PMID: 38247475 PMCID: PMC10812689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported the chemical profile and the hypocholesterolemic effects of a decoction of Tessaria absinthioides (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (Asteraceae). In this study, we evaluated a methanolic extract (METa) instead. Metabolite profiling was conducted using ultra-high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS), identifying thirty compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, fatty acids, and phorbolesters. Antioxidant properties were assessed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (ILP) assays, exhibiting robust antioxidant activity. The in vivo impact of METa on serum lipid parameters and liver X receptors (LXRs) was evaluated in a hypercholesterolemic animal model. After 14 days on a high-fat diet, male rats received either a vehicle (V) or METa100, METa200 or METa500 (100; 200 and 500 mg METa/kg animal, respectively) for an additional two weeks. METa500 reduced total cholesterol levels (17.62%; p < 0.05) and all doses increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (METa100: 86.27%; METa200: 48.37%, and METa500: 29.42%; p < 0.0001). However, METa did not alter LXRs expression. The observed antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic properties of METa may be linked to the presence of six di-caffeoylquinic acids. These findings underscore T. absinthioides as a potential candidate for the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rey
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina;
| | - María Sol Kruse
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina;
| | - Jessica Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), San Juan J5400ARL, Argentina; (J.G.); (A.T.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), San Juan J5400ARL, Argentina; (J.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Héctor Coirini
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina;
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Todero J, Douillet C, Shumway AJ, Koller BH, Kanke M, Phuong DJ, Stýblo M, Sethupathy P. Molecular and Metabolic Analysis of Arsenic-Exposed Humanized AS3MT Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127021. [PMID: 38150313 PMCID: PMC10752418 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, potential sex divergence and the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. iAs is not metabolized uniformly across species, which is a limitation of typical exposure studies in rodent models. The development of a new "humanized" mouse model overcomes this limitation. In this study, we leveraged this model to study sex differences in the context of iAs exposure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if males and females exhibit different liver and adipose molecular profiles and metabolic phenotypes in the context of iAs exposure. METHODS Our study was performed on wild-type (WT) 129S6/SvEvTac and humanized arsenic + 3 methyl transferase (human AS3MT) 129S6/SvEvTac mice treated with 400 ppb of iAs via drinking water ad libitum. After 1 month, mice were sacrificed and the liver and gonadal adipose depots were harvested for iAs quantification and sequencing-based microRNA and gene expression analysis. Serum blood was collected for fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS We detected sex divergence in liver and adipose markers of diabetes (e.g., miR-34a, insulin signaling pathways, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR) only in humanized (not WT) mice. In humanized female mice, numerous genes that promote insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in both the liver and adipose are elevated compared to humanized male mice. We also identified Klf11 as a putative master regulator of the sex divergence in gene expression in humanized mice. DISCUSSION Our study underscored the importance of future studies leveraging the humanized mouse model to study iAs-associated metabolic disease. The findings suggested that humanized males are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction relative to humanized females in the context of iAs exposure. Future investigations should focus on the detailed mechanisms that underlie the sex divergence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Todero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandria J. Shumway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daryl J. Phuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Ticiani E, Pu Y, White M, Adomshick V, Veiga-Lopez A. Organotin mixtures reveal interactions that modulate adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1649-1658. [PMID: 37142754 PMCID: PMC10424724 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Organotin chemicals (butyltins and phenyltins) are the most widely used organometallic chemicals worldwide and are used in industrial applications, such as biocides and anti-fouling paints. Tributyltin (TBT) and more recently, dibutyltin (DBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) have been reported to stimulate adipogenic differentiation. Although these chemicals co-exist in the environment, their effect in combination remains unknown. We first investigated the adipogenic effect of eight organotin chemicals (monobutyltin (MBT), DBT, TBT, tetrabutyltin (TeBT), monophenyltin (MPT), diphenyltin (DPT), TPT, and tin chloride (SnCl4)) in the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line in single exposures at two doses (10 and 50 ng/ml). Only three out of the eight organotins induced adipogenic differentiation with TBT eliciting the strongest adipogenic differentiation (in a dose-dependent manner) followed by TPT and DBT, as demonstrated by lipid accumulation and gene expression. We then hypothesized that, in combination (TBT, DBT, and TPT), adipogenic effects will be exacerbated compared to single exposures. However, at the higher dose (50 ng/ml), TBT-induced differentiation was reduced by TPT and DBT when in dual or triple combination. We tested whether TPT or DBT would interfere with adipogenic differentiation stimulated by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) agonist (rosiglitazone) or a glucocorticoid receptor agonist (dexamethasone). Both DBT50 and TPT50 reduced rosiglitazone-, but not dexamethasone-stimulated adipogenic differentiation. In conclusion, DBT and TPT interfere with TBT's adipogenic differentiation possibly via PPARγ signaling. These findings highlight the antagonistic effects among organotins and the need to understand the effects and mechanism of action of complex organotin mixtures on adipogenic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madison White
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Victoria Adomshick
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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4
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Li Q, Yao H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Thorne RF, Zhu Y, Wu M, Liu L. circPRKAA1 activates a Ku80/Ku70/SREBP-1 axis driving de novo fatty acid synthesis in cancer cells. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Lianto P, Li W, Xu M, Moore JB, Thorne JL. Associations between liver X receptor polymorphisms and blood lipids: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Steroids 2022; 185:109057. [PMID: 35679909 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to dyslipidaemia remains incompletely understood. The liver X receptors (LXRs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcription factors, are homeostatic regulators of lipid metabolism. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)have been identified previously in the coding and regulatory regions of the LXRs. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarise associations between SNPs of LXRs (α and β isoforms) with blood lipid and lipoprotein traits. Five databases (PubMed, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for population-based studies that assessed associations between one or more blood lipid/lipoprotein traits and LXR SNPs. Of seventeen articles included in the qualitative synthesis, ten were eligible for meta-analysis. Nine LXRα SNPs and five LXRβ SNPs were identified, and the three most studied LXRα SNPs were quantitatively summarised. Carriers of the minor allele A of LXRα rs12221497 (-115G>A) had higher triglyceride levels than GG homozygotes (0.13 mmol/L; 95%CI: [0.03, 0.23], P = 0.01). Heterozygote carriers of LXRα rs2279238 (297C/T) had higher total cholesterol levels (0.12 mmol/L; (95%CI: [0.01, 0.23], P = 0.04) than either CC or TT homozygotes. For LXRα rs11039155 (-6G>A), no significant differences in blood levels of either triglyceride (P = 0.39) or HDL-C (P = 0.98) were detected between genotypes in meta-analyses. In addition, there were no strong associations for other SNPs of LXRα and LXRβ. This study provides the evidence of an association between LXRα, but not LXRβ, SNPs and blood-lipid traits. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO No. CRD42021246158.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Clinical Nutrition Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Priscilia Lianto
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Weiming Li
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mengfan Xu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James L Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Zorrilla Veloz RI, McKenzie T, Palacios BE, Hu J. Nuclear hormone receptors in demyelinating diseases. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13171. [PMID: 35734821 PMCID: PMC9339486 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination results from the pathological loss of myelin and is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the prevalence of demyelinating diseases, there are no disease modifying therapies that prevent the loss of myelin or promote remyelination. This review aims to summarize studies in the field that highlight the importance of nuclear hormone receptors in the promotion and maintenance of myelination and the relevance of nuclear hormone receptors as potential therapeutic targets for demyelinating diseases. These nuclear hormone receptors include the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, vitamin D receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, liver X receptor, and retinoid X receptor. Pre-clinical studies in well-established animal models of demyelination have shown a prominent role of these nuclear hormone receptors in myelination through their promotion of oligodendrocyte maturation and development. The activation of the nuclear hormone receptors by their ligands also promotes the synthesis of myelin proteins and lipids in mouse models of demyelination. There are limited clinical studies that focus on how the activation of these nuclear hormone receptors could alleviate demyelination in patients with diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the completed clinical trials have reported improved clinical outcome in MS patients treated with the ligands of some of these nuclear hormone receptors. Together, the positive results from both clinical and pre-clinical studies point to nuclear hormone receptors as promising therapeutic targets to counter demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío I Zorrilla Veloz
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Takese McKenzie
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bridgitte E Palacios
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Lustig RH, Collier D, Kassotis C, Roepke TA, Ji Kim M, Blanc E, Barouki R, Bansal A, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Choudhury M, Gilbertson M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Howard S, Lind L, Tomlinson CR, Vondracek J, Heindel JJ. Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115012. [PMID: 35393120 PMCID: PMC9050949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is now greater than those underweight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and as such, many components contribute to its development and pathogenesis. This is the first of three companion reviews that consider obesity. This review focuses on the genetics, viruses, insulin resistance, inflammation, gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms that promote obesity, along with hormones, growth factors, and organs and tissues that control its development. It shows that the regulation of energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) relies on the interplay of a variety of hormones from adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. It details how integrating central neurotransmitters and peripheral metabolic signals (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY3-36) is essential for controlling energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. It describes the distinct types of adipocytes and how fat cell development is controlled by hormones and growth factors acting via a variety of receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, retinoid X, insulin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, liver X, constitutive androstane, pregnane X, farnesoid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Finally, it demonstrates that obesity likely has origins in utero. Understanding these biochemical drivers of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction throughout the life cycle lends plausibility and credence to the "obesogen hypothesis" (i.e., the importance of environmental chemicals that disrupt these receptors to promote adiposity or alter metabolism), elucidated more fully in the two companion reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Christopher Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Troy A Roepke
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, United States
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States.
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Mu T, Hu H, Ma Y, Feng X, Zhang J, Gu Y. Regulation of Key Genes for Milk Fat Synthesis in Ruminants. Front Nutr 2021; 8:765147. [PMID: 34901115 PMCID: PMC8659261 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.765147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat is the most important and energy-rich substance in milk and plays an important role in the metabolism of nutrients during human growth and development. It is mainly used in the production of butter and yogurt. Milk fat not only affects the flavor and nutritional value of milk, but also is the main target trait of ruminant breeding. There are many key genes involve in ruminant milk fat synthesis, including ACSS2, FASN, ACACA, CD36, ACSL, SLC27A, FABP3, SCD, GPAM, AGPAT, LPIN, DGAT1, PLIN2, XDH, and BTN1A1. Taking the de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FA) and intaking of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in blood to the end of lipid droplet secretion as the mainline, this manuscript elucidates the complex regulation model of key genes in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in ruminant milk fat synthesis, and constructs the whole regulatory network of milk fat synthesis, to provide valuable theoretical basis and research ideas for the study of milk fat regulation mechanism of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaling Gu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Genome Profiling of H3k4me3 Histone Modification in Human Adipose Tissue during Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101363. [PMID: 34680480 PMCID: PMC8533428 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction is involved in obesity-related comorbidities. Epigenetic alterations have been recently associated with AT deterioration in obesity conditions. In this work, we profiled the H3K4me3 histone mark in human AT, with special emphasis on the changes in the pattern of histone modification in obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Visceral AT (VAT) was collected and subjected to chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using anti-H3K4me3 antibody and then sequenced to obtain the H3K4me3 genome profile. Results: We found that most of the H3K4me3 enriched regions were located in gene promoters of pathways related to AT biology and function. H3K4me3 enrichment at gene promoters was strongly related to higher mRNA levels. Differentially expressed genes in AT of patients classified as non-obese, obese with low IR, and obese with high IR could be regulated by differentially enriched H3K4me3; these genes encoded for pathways that could in part explain AT functioning during obesity and insulin resistance (e.g., extracellular matrix organization, PPARG signaling or inflammation). Conclusions: In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of the epigenetic mark H3K4me3 in VAT dysfunction in obesity and IR. The understanding of such mechanisms could give rise to the development of new epigenetic-based pharmacological strategies to ameliorate obesity-related comorbidities.
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Rey M, Kruse MS, Magrini-Huamán RN, Gómez J, Simirgiotis MJ, Tapia A, Feresin GE, Coirini H. Tessaria absinthioides (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (Asteraceae) Decoction Improves the Hypercholesterolemia and Alters the Expression of LXRs in Rat Liver and Hypothalamus. Metabolites 2021; 11:579. [PMID: 34564396 PMCID: PMC8467473 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic high-fat diet consumption induces hypercholesterolemia. The effect of Tessaria absinthioides (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (Asteraceae) was studied on the levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides, and on the expression of liver X receptors (LXRs) in a hypercholesterolemic model. Adult male rats received a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD; normal diet + bovine fat + cholesterol). After 14 days, rats received water (W) or a decoction of the aerial parts of T. absinthioides (Ta; 10% w/v) for 2, 4, or 6 weeks. Four and six weeks of Ta improved the levels of TC and HDL-c in HFD. After 6 weeks of Ta, the expression of LXRs in HFD was the same as that in ND in both tissues. The Ta chemical profile was studied with an ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography Orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-PDA-OT-MS/MS). Fifty-one compounds were identified, of which twelve are reported for the first time. Among these compounds, caffeoylquinic acid and its derivatives could modify the lipid profile and the expression of LXRs. This is the first in vivo report of T. absinthioides, which may be a potential candidate against hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rey
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) C1428ADN, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Argentina
| | - María S Kruse
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) C1428ADN, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Argentina
| | - Rocío N Magrini-Huamán
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) C1428ADN, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Av. José Ignacio de la Roza 1516, San Juan 5400, Argentina
| | - Jessica Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - Mario J Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - Gabriela E Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Argentina
| | - Héctor Coirini
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) C1428ADN, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Argentina
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11
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Suzuki-Kemuriyama N, Abe A, Nakane S, Uno K, Ogawa S, Watanabe A, Sano R, Yuki M, Miyajima K, Nakae D. Non-obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis fed on a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet exhibit alterations in signaling pathways. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2950-2965. [PMID: 34390210 PMCID: PMC8564345 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is often associated with obesity, but some patients develop NASH without obesity. The physiological processes by which non-obese patients develop NASH and cirrhosis have not yet been determined. Here, we analyzed the effects of dietary methionine content on NASH induced in mice fed on a choline-deficient, methionine-lowered, L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD). CDAHFD with insufficient methionine induced insulin sensitivity and enhanced NASH pathology, but without obesity. In contrast, CDAHFD with sufficient methionine induced steatosis, and unlike CDAHFD with insufficient methionine, also induced obesity and insulin resistance. Gene profile analysis revealed that the disease severity in CDAHFD may partially be due to upregulation of the Rho family GTPases pathway, and mitochondrial and nuclear receptor signal dysfunction. The signaling factors/pathways detected in this study may assist in future study of NASH regulation, especially its "non-obese" subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki-Kemuriyama
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Akari Abe
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Sae Nakane
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kiniko Uno
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shuji Ogawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Sano
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Megumi Yuki
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.,Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.,Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakura-ga-Oka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
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12
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Li LY, Yang Q, Jiang YY, Yang W, Jiang Y, Li X, Hazawa M, Zhou B, Huang GW, Xu XE, Gery S, Zhang Y, Ding LW, Ho AS, Zumsteg ZS, Wang MR, Fullwood MJ, Freedland SJ, Meltzer SJ, Xu LY, Li EM, Koeffler HP, Lin DC. Interplay and cooperation between SREBF1 and master transcription factors regulate lipid metabolism and tumor-promoting pathways in squamous cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4362. [PMID: 34272396 PMCID: PMC8285542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) comprise one of the most common histologic types of human cancer. Transcriptional dysregulation of SCC cells is orchestrated by tumor protein p63 (TP63), a master transcription factor (TF) and a well-researched SCC-specific oncogene. In the present study, both Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of SCC patient samples and in vitro loss-of-function assays establish fatty-acid metabolism as a key pathway downstream of TP63. Further studies identify sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) as a central mediator linking TP63 with fatty-acid metabolism, which regulates the biosynthesis of fatty-acids, sphingolipids (SL), and glycerophospholipids (GPL), as revealed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based lipidomics. Moreover, a feedback co-regulatory loop consisting of SREBF1/TP63/Kruppel like factor 5 (KLF5) is identified, which promotes overexpression of all three TFs in SCCs. Downstream of SREBF1, a non-canonical, SCC-specific function is elucidated: SREBF1 cooperates with TP63/KLF5 to regulate hundreds of cis-regulatory elements across the SCC epigenome, which converge on activating cancer-promoting pathways. Indeed, SREBF1 is essential for SCC viability and migration, and its overexpression is associated with poor survival in SCC patients. Taken together, these data shed light on mechanisms of transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, identify specific epigenetic regulators of lipid metabolism, and uncover SREBF1 as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker in SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan-Yi Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Bo Zhou
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sigal Gery
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Allen S Ho
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zachary S Zumsteg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Melissa J Fullwood
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA and the Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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13
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Shin HS, Lee Y, Shin MH, Cho SI, Zouboulis CC, Kim MK, Lee DH, Chung JH. Histone Deacetylase 1 Reduces Lipogenesis by Suppressing SREBP1 Transcription in Human Sebocyte Cell Line SZ95. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094477. [PMID: 33922983 PMCID: PMC8123291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of sebum production is important for maintaining skin homeostasis in humans. However, little is known about the role of epigenetic regulation in sebocyte lipogenesis. We investigated histone acetylation changes and their role in key lipogenic gene regulation during sebocyte lipogenesis using the human sebaceous gland cell line SZ95. Sebocyte lipogenesis is associated with a significant increase in histone acetylation. Treatment with anacardic acid (AA), a p300 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, significantly decreased the lipid droplet number and the expression of key lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In contrast, treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, increased the expression of these genes. Global HDAC enzyme activity was decreased, and HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression was downregulated during sebaceous lipogenesis. Interestingly, HDAC1 knockdown increased lipogenesis through SREBP1 induction, whereas HDAC1 overexpression decreased lipogenesis and significantly suppressed SREBP1 promoter activity. HDAC1 and SREBP1 levels were inversely correlated in human skin sebaceous glands as demonstrated in immunofluorescence images. In conclusion, HDAC1 plays a critical role in reducing SREBP1 transcription, leading to decreased sebaceous lipogenesis. Therefore, HDAC1 activation could be an effective therapeutic strategy for skin diseases related to excessive sebum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yuri Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Soo Ick Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Dessau Medical Center, Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
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14
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Sadeghi MB, Nakhaee A, Saravani R, Sargazi S. Significant association of LXRβ (NR1H2) polymorphisms (rs28514894, rs2303044) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and laboratory characteristics. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:261-270. [PMID: 34178836 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NR1H2 gene encoding LXRβ contribute to the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether genotypes of two NR1H2 polymorphisms, rs28514894 and rs2303044, are associated with laboratory characteristics of T2DM patients. Method A total of 900 subjects (450 T2DM cases and 450 healthy subjects) of Iranian ancestry were genotyped for NR1H2 polymorphisms via ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP techniques. Result Our findings showed a significant correlation between both polymorphisms and increased risk of T2DM. The haplotype analysis showed an association between the C A haplotype with enhanced risk of T2DM. In T2DM patients, the mean level of HbA1C and BUN significantly differed among carriers of CC and TT genotypes of the rs28514894 polymorphism (P = 0.05 and P < 0.0001, respectively); while in the control group, no significant difference was noticed between subjects with these genotypes. The mean BUN levels also significantly differed among carriers of TC and TT genotypes of this variant in T2DM patients (P = 0.01) and controls (P = 0.04). As for rs2303044 polymorphism, only the mean BUN level significantly differed between GA and GG carriers in T2DM patients (P = 0.006). Compared with CT and TT genotypes, the CC genotype of rs28514894 polymorphism was more frequent in overweight T2DM patients ( 25 < body mass index < 30). Conclusions The present research provided the first documents of the correlation of NR1H2 rs28514894 and rs2303044 polymorphisms with susceptibility to T2DM. Replicated case-control studies on larger populations are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nakhaee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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15
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Tan L, Cheng M, Auyeung GCT, Chan OYS, Chen X. Mechanistic action of the acute toxicity of Bajitian (Morinda officinalis) in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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16
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Galmés S, Palou A, Serra F. Increased Risk of High Body Fat and Altered Lipid Metabolism Associated to Suboptimal Consumption of Vitamin A Is Modulated by Genetic Variants rs5888 ( SCARB1), rs1800629 ( UCP1) and rs659366 ( UCP2). Nutrients 2020; 12:E2588. [PMID: 32858880 PMCID: PMC7551832 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive body fat percentage (BF%). Animal and cell studies have shown benefits of vitamin A (VA) on BF% and lipid metabolism, but it is still controversial in humans. Furthermore, although some genetic variants may explain heterogeneity in VA plasma levels, their role in VA metabolic response is still scarcely characterized. This study was designed as a combination of an observational study involving 158 male subjects followed by a study with a well-balanced genotype-phenotype protocol, including in the design an ex vivo intervention study performed on isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the 41 former males. This is a strategy to accurately identify the delivery of Precision Nutrition recommendations to targeted subjects. The study assesses the influence of rs5888 (SCARB1), rs659366 (UCP2), and rs1800629 (UCP1) variants on higher BF% associated with suboptimal VA consumption and underlines the cellular mechanisms involved by analyzing basal and retinoic acid (RA) response on PBMC gene expression. Data show that male carriers with the major allele combinations and following suboptimal-VA diet show higher BF% (adjusted ANOVA test p-value = 0.006). Genotype-BF% interaction is observed on oxidative/inflammatory gene expression and also influences lipid related gene expression in response to RA. Data indicate that under suboptimal consumption of VA, carriers of VA responsive variants and with high-BF% show a gene expression profile consistent with an impaired basal metabolic state. The results show the relevance of consuming VA within the required amounts, its impact on metabolism and energy balance, and consequently, on men's adiposity with a clear influence of genetic variants SCARB1, UCP2 and UCP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
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17
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Li T, Yin J, Ji Y, Lin P, Li Y, Yang Z, Hu S, Wang J, Zhang B, Koshti S, Wang J, Ji C, Guo S. Setosphapyrone C and D accelerate macrophages cholesterol efflux by promoting LXRα/ABCA1 pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:788-797. [PMID: 32779151 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
LXRα agonists have attracted significant attention due to their potential biological activities on promoting cholesterol efflux. This study was designed to investigate whether setosphapyrone C and D have potential lipid-lowering capacity and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Our data showed that setosphapyrone C and D had weak cytotoxicity compared to the liver X receptor α (LXRα) agonist T0901317. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, setosphapyrone C and D significantly enhanced [3H]-cholesterol efflux by ~ 21.3% and 32.4%, respectively; furthermore, setosphapyrone C and D enhanced the protein levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and LXRα by 58% and 69%, and 60% and 70% (8 µM), respectively; however, they had no effect on the protein levels of ABCG1 and scavenger receptor B type 1; additionally, they had minor effect on the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes. Of note, setosphapyrone C and D significantly enhanced LXRα/ABCA1pathway in mice primary macrophages. In BRL cells, setosphapyrone C and D significantly improved the protein levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1; setosphapyrone D significantly enhanced the protein expression of low-density lipoprotein. Collectively, setosphapyrone C and D with weak cytotoxicity exhibited effective lipid-lowering effect via enhancing LXRα/ABC pathways. Setosphapyrones possess potential application for the treatment of hyperlipidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, 150076, Harbin, China.,Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, 150076, Harbin, China.,Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, China
| | - Yubin Ji
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, 150076, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, China
| | - Zixun Yang
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, 150076, Harbin, China.,Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, China
| | - Shumei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, China
| | - Baihui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, 150076, Harbin, China.,Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, China
| | - Saloni Koshti
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, T6G2R3, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Junfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510220, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chenfeng Ji
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, China.
| | - Shoudong Guo
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, 150076, Harbin, China. .,Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, China.
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18
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Holm M, Joenväärä S, Saraswat M, Tohmola T, Ristimäki A, Renkonen R, Haglund C. Plasma protein expression differs between colorectal cancer patients depending on primary tumor location. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5221-5234. [PMID: 32452655 PMCID: PMC7367633 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) includes tumors in the right colon, left colon, and rectum, although they differ significantly from each other in aspects such as prognosis and treatment. Few previous mass spectrometry-based studies have analyzed differences in protein expression depending on the tumor location. In this study, we have used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to analyze plasma samples from 83 CRC patients to study if differences in plasma protein expression can be seen depending on primary tumor location (right colon, left colon, or rectum). Differences were studied between the groups both regardless of and according to tumor stage (II or III). Large differences in plasma protein expression were seen, and we found that plasma samples from patients with rectal cancer separated from samples from patients with colon cancer when analyzed by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering. Samples from patients with cancer in the right and left colon also tended to separate from each other. Pathway analysis discovered canonical pathways involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation to be enriched. This study will help to further define CRC as distinct entities depending on tumor location, as shown by the widespread differences in plasma protein profile and dysregulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Holm
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Joenväärä
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tiialotta Tohmola
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Renkonen
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Bromelain Confers Protection against the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Male C57bl/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051458. [PMID: 32443556 PMCID: PMC7285019 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of bromelain, the extract from stems of pineapples on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced deregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its underlying mechanism in mice. Mice were daily administrated with HFD with or without bromelain (20 mg/kg) for 12 weeks, and we found that bromelain decreased the HFD-induced increase in body weight by ~30%, organ weight by ~20% in liver weight and ~40% in white adipose tissue weight. Additionally, bromelain attenuated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia by decreasing the serum level of total cholesterol by ~15% and triglycerides level by ~25% in mice. Moreover, hepatic lipid accumulation, particularly that of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol, was decreased by 15–30% with bromelain treatment. Mechanistically, these beneficial effects of bromelain on HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation may be attributed to the decreased fatty acid uptake and cholesteryl ester synthesis and the increased lipoprotein internalization, bile acid metabolism, cholesterol clearance, the assembly and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein, and the β-oxidation of fatty acids by regulating the protein expression involved in the above mentioned hepatic metabolic pathways. Collectively, these findings suggest that bromelain has therapeutic value for treating NAFLD and metabolic diseases.
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20
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Gangwar A, Paul S, Ahmad Y, Bhargava K. Intermittent hypoxia modulates redox homeostasis, lipid metabolism associated inflammatory processes and redox post-translational modifications: Benefits at high altitude. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7899. [PMID: 32404929 PMCID: PMC7220935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia, initially associated with adverse effects of sleep apnea, has now metamorphosed into a module for improved sports performance. The regimen followed for improved sports performance is milder intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) as compared to chronic and severe intermittent hypoxia observed in sleep apnea. Although several studies have indicated the mechanism and enough data on physiological parameters altered by IH is available, proteome perturbations remain largely unknown. Altitude induced hypobaric hypoxia is known to require acclimatization as it causes systemic redox stress and inflammation in humans. In the present study, a short IHT regimen consisting of previously reported physiologically beneficial FIO2 levels of 13.5% and 12% was administered to human subjects. These subjects were then airlifted to altitude of 3500 m and their plasma proteome along with associated redox parameters were analyzed on days 4 and 7 of high altitude stay. We observed that redox stress and associated post-translational modifications, perturbed lipid metabolism and inflammatory signaling were induced by IHT exposure at Baseline. However, this caused activation of antioxidants, energy homeostasis mechanisms and anti-inflammatory responses during subsequent high-altitude exposure. Thus, we propose IHT as a beneficial non-pharmacological intervention that benefits individuals venturing to high altitude areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Gangwar
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Subhojit Paul
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Yasmin Ahmad
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Kalpana Bhargava
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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21
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Yamazaki M, Munetsuna E, Yamada H, Ando Y, Mizuno G, Fujii R, Nouchi Y, Kageyama I, Teshigawara A, Ishikawa H, Suzuki K, Shimono Y, Hashimoto S, Ohashi K. Maternal fructose consumption down-regulates Lxra expression via miR-206-mediated regulation. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 82:108386. [PMID: 32388164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal fructose consumption affects the metabolic functions of offspring later in life. However, the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Differences of microRNA expression profile and DNA methylation status are a candidate mechanism to explain the developmental programming that contributes to the development of a metabolic disorder. This study examined the transgenerational effect of maternal fructose consumption from the perspective of epigenetic modification. To do this, we collected serum and liver tissues from male offspring rats that were exposed to maternal distilled water or 20% fructose water during gestation and lactation. A decreased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was observed in the offspring of fructose-fed dams at postnatal day (PD) 160. Given research indicating a role of liver X receptor alpha (LXRA) in cholesterol metabolism, we analyzed Lxra expression. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that offspring that were delivered from fructose-fed dams exhibited decreased Lxra gene expression in their liver tissue. There is a well-established association between Lxra expression and the level of DNA methylation and miR-206 expression. Pyrosequencing assays revealed no differences in the level of DNA methylation in the Lxra promoter region, whereas miR-206 expression was increased in the liver at PD 60 and 160. Our data indicate that early-life exposure to maternal fructose results in changing of miR-206 expression level in the liver that suppresses the expression of Lxra. This phenomenon may be associated with the decreased serum HDL-C level in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 761-0123, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Ando
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Genki Mizuno
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan; Deparment of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuki Nouchi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Itsuki Kageyama
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Teshigawara
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
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Lasch A, Alarcan J, Lampen A, Braeuning A, Lichtenstein D. Combinations of LXR and RXR agonists induce triglyceride accumulation in human HepaRG cells in a synergistic manner. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1303-1320. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cube natural sea salt ameliorates obesity in high fat diet-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3407. [PMID: 32099024 PMCID: PMC7042290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium is an essential component of the human body, with known influences on obesity. This paper reports the effect of cube natural sea salt (CNS) on the reduction of obesity in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, by ameliorating the obesity parameters and obesity-related gene mechanisms. The suppression of high fat diet-induced obesity and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes by sea salt depends on the manufacturing process and mineral content. The manufacturing method using only new sea water (Cube natural sea salt) decreases the magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) content in the salt with different crystallization and morphologies, compared to the general manufacturing method (Generally manufactured sea salt, GS). Mg in salt is known to considerably affect obesity; an appropriate concentration of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) reduces lipid accumulation significantly and regulates the lipogenesis and liver enzyme activity. Our results indicate that sea salt contains an appropriate level of Mg as compared to table salt (purified salt, NaCl), and is important for regulating obesity, as observed in the in vivo and in vitro anti-obesity effects of CNS. The Mg content and mineral ratio of sea salt are important factors that ameliorate the lipid metabolism and liver enzyme activity in high fat diet induced obesity, and contents of Mg in sea salt can be altered by modifying the manufacturing process.
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Li T, Hu SM, Pang XY, Wang JF, Yin JY, Li FH, Wang J, Yang XQ, Xia B, Liu YH, Song WG, Guo SD. The marine-derived furanone reduces intracellular lipid accumulation in vitro by targeting LXRα and PPARα. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3384-3398. [PMID: 31981312 PMCID: PMC7131916 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that commercially available lipid‐lowering drugs cause various side effects; therefore, searching for anti‐hyperlipidaemic compounds with lower toxicity is a research hotspot. This study was designed to investigate whether the marine‐derived compound, 5‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐butylfuran‐2(5H)‐one, has an anti‐hyperlipidaemic activity, and the potential underlying mechanism in vitro. Results showed that the furanone had weaker cytotoxicity compared to positive control drugs. In RAW 264.7 cells, the furanone significantly lowered ox‐LDL‐induced lipid accumulation (~50%), and its triglyceride (TG)‐lowering effect was greater than that of liver X receptor (LXR) agonist T0901317. In addition, it significantly elevated the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARα) and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which could be partially inhibited by LXR antagonists, GSK2033 and SR9243. In HepG2 cells, it significantly decreased oleic acid‐induced lipid accumulation, enhanced the protein levels of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), ABCG5, ABCG8 and PPARα, and reduced the expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2 (~32%). PPARα antagonists, GW6471 and MK886, could significantly inhibit the furanone‐induced lipid‐lowering effect. Furthermore, the furanone showed a significantly lower activity on the activation of the expression of lipogenic genes compared to T0901317. Taken together, the furanone exhibited a weak cytotoxicity but had powerful TC‐ and TG‐lowering effects most likely through targeting LXRα and PPARα, respectively. These findings indicate that the furanone has a potential application for the treatment of dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shu-Mei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Pang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fa-Hui Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guo Song
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Hansmann E, Mennillo E, Yoda E, Verreault M, Barbier O, Chen S, Tukey RH. Differential Role of Liver X Receptor (LXR) α and LXR β in the Regulation of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 in Humanized UGT1 Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:255-263. [PMID: 31980500 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.090068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs), LXRα and LXRβ, are nuclear receptors that regulate the metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids and are activated by oxysterols. Humanized UGT1 (hUGT1) mice express the 9-human UGT1A genes associated with the UGT1 locus in a Ugt1-null background. The expression of UGT1A1 is developmentally delayed in the liver and intestines, resulting in the accumulation of serum bilirubin during the neonatal period. Induction of UGT1A1 in newborn hUGT1 mice leads to rapid reduction in total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels, a phenotype measurement that allows for an accurate prediction on UGT1A1 expression. When neonatal hUGT1 mice were treated by oral gavage with the LXR agonist T0901317, TSB levels were dramatically reduced. To determine the LXR contribution to the induction of UGT1A1 and the lowering of TSB levels, experiments were conducted in neonatal hUGT1/Lxrα -/- , hUGT1/Lxrβ -/- , and hUGT1/Lxrαβ -/- mice treated with T0901317. Induction of liver UGT1A1 was dependent upon LXRα, with the induction pattern paralleling induction of LXRα-specific stearoyl CoA desaturase 1. However, the actions of T0901317 were also shown to display a lack of specificity for LXR, with the induction of liver UGT1A1 in hUGT1/Lxrαβ -/- mice, a result associated with activation of both pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor. However, the LXR agonist GW3965 was highly selective toward LXRα, showing no impact on lowering TSB values or inducing UGT1A1 in hUGT1/Lxrα -/- mice. An LXR-specific enhancer site on the UGT1A1 gene was identified, along with convincing evidence that LXRα is crucial in maintaining constitutive expression of UGT1A1 in adult hUGT1 mice. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: It has been established that activation of LXRα, and not LXRβ, is responsible for the induction of liver UGT1A1 and metabolism of serum bilirubin in neonatal hUGT1 mice. Although induction of the human UGT1A1 gene is initiated at a newly characterized LXR enhancer site, allelic deletion of the Lxrα gene drastically reduces the constitutive expression of liver UGT1A1 in adult hUGT1 mice. Combined, these findings indicate that LXRα is critical for the developmental expression of UGT1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hansmann
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Elvira Mennillo
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Emiko Yoda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Mélanie Verreault
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (E.H., E.M., E.Y., S.C., R.H.T.); Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.Y.); and Laboratory of Moléculaire Pharmacology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté of Pharmacie, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada (M.V., O.B.)
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De Luca M, Vecchie’ D, Athmanathan B, Gopalkrishna S, Valcin JA, Swain TM, Sertie R, Wekesa K, Rowe GC, Bailey SM, Nagareddy PR. Genetic Deletion of Syndecan-4 Alters Body Composition, Metabolic Phenotypes, and the Function of Metabolic Tissues in Female Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112810. [PMID: 31752080 PMCID: PMC6893658 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane proteoglycans that, like integrins, bind to components of the extracellular matrix. Previously, we showed significant associations of genetic variants in the Syndecan-4 (SDC4) gene with intra-abdominal fat, fasting plasma glucose levels, and insulin sensitivity index in children, and with fasting serum triglyceride levels in healthy elderly subjects. An independent study also reported a correlation between SDC4 and the risk of coronary artery disease in middle-aged patients. Here, we investigated whether deletion of Sdc4 promotes metabolic derangements associated with diet-induced obesity by feeding homozygous male and female Sdc4-deficient (Sdc4-/-) mice and their age-matched wild-type (WT) mice a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that WT and Sdc4-/- mice gained similar weight. However, while no differences were observed in males, HFD-fed female Sdc4-/- mice exhibited a higher percentage of body fat mass than controls and displayed increased levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose, as well as reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity. Additionally, they had an increased adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration in the visceral adipose tissue, and higher triglyceride and fatty acid synthase levels in the liver. Together with our previous human genetic findings, these results provide evidence of an evolutionarily conserved role of SDC4 in adiposity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-7033
| | - Denise Vecchie’
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Baskaran Athmanathan
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
| | - Sreejit Gopalkrishna
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
| | - Jennifer A. Valcin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Telisha M. Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Rogerio Sertie
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Kennedy Wekesa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
| | - Glenn C. Rowe
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Shannon M. Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Prabhakara R. Nagareddy
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
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Riscal R, Skuli N, Simon MC. Even Cancer Cells Watch Their Cholesterol! Mol Cell 2019; 76:220-231. [PMID: 31586545 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated cell proliferation is an established feature of cancer, and altered tumor metabolism has witnessed renewed interest over the past decade, including the study of how cancer cells rewire metabolic pathways to renew energy sources and "building blocks" that sustain cell division. Microenvironmental oxygen, glucose, and glutamine are regarded as principal nutrients fueling tumor growth. However, hostile tumor microenvironments render O2/nutrient supplies chronically insufficient for increased proliferation rates, forcing cancer cells to develop strategies for opportunistic modes of nutrient acquisition. Recent work shows that cancer cells overcome this nutrient scarcity by scavenging other substrates, such as proteins and lipids, or utilizing adaptive metabolic pathways. As such, reprogramming lipid metabolism plays important roles in providing energy, macromolecules for membrane synthesis, and lipid-mediated signaling during cancer progression. In this review, we highlight more recently appreciated roles for lipids, particularly cholesterol and its derivatives, in cancer cell metabolism within intrinsically harsh tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Riscal
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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28
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Oteng A, Loregger A, van Weeghel M, Zelcer N, Kersten S. Industrial Trans Fatty Acids Stimulate SREBP2-Mediated Cholesterogenesis and Promote Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900385. [PMID: 31327168 PMCID: PMC6790681 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The mechanisms underlying the deleterious effects of trans fatty acids on plasma cholesterol and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are unclear. Here, the aim is to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of industrial trans fatty acids. METHODS AND RESULTS Hepa1-6 hepatoma cells were incubated with elaidate, oleate, or palmitate. C57Bl/6 mice were fed diets rich in trans-unsaturated, cis-unsaturated, or saturated fatty acids. Transcriptomics analysis of Hepa1-6 cells shows that elaidate but not oleate or palmitate induces expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Induction of cholesterogenesis by elaidate is mediated by increased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) activity and is dependent on SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), yet independent of liver-X receptor and ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing protein 8. Elaidate decreases intracellular free cholesterol levels and represses the anticholesterogenic effect of exogenous cholesterol. In mice, the trans-unsaturated diet increases the ratio of liver to gonadal fat mass, steatosis, hepatic cholesterol levels, alanine aminotransferase activity, and fibrosis markers, suggesting enhanced NAFLD, compared to the cis-unsaturated and saturated diets. CONCLUSION Elaidate induces cholesterogenesis in vitro by activating the SCAP-SREBP2 axis, likely by lowering intracellular free cholesterol and attenuating cholesterol-dependent repression of SCAP. This pathway potentially underlies the increase in liver cholesterol and NAFLD by industrial trans fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antwi‐Boasiako Oteng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics GroupDivision of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University6708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anke Loregger
- Department of Medical BiochemistryAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam1105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences1105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical BiochemistryAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam1105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics GroupDivision of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University6708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
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Chi L, Lai Y, Tu P, Liu CW, Xue J, Ru H, Lu K. Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis after Arsenic Exposure and Antibiotic Treatment in Mice: Potential Role of the Microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:97002. [PMID: 31532247 PMCID: PMC6792374 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic-induced liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) signaling inhibition is a potential mechanism underlying the cardiovascular effects caused by arsenic. The gut microbiota can influence arsenic toxic effects. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore whether gut microbiota play a role in arsenic-induced LXR/RXR signaling inhibition and the subsequent lipid and cholesterol dysbiosis. METHODS Conventional and antibiotic-treated mice (AB-treated mice) were exposed to 0.25 ppm and 1 ppm arsenic for 2 wk. Hepatic mRNAs were extracted and sequenced. The expression levels of genes associated with LXR/RXR signaling were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and serum and hepatic cholesterol levels were measured. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomics were used to examine serum and hepatic lipids. RESULTS Pathway analysis indicated that arsenic exposure differentially influenced the hepatic signaling pathways in conventional and AB-treated mice. The expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (Srebp1c), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (Hmgcr), and cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp7a1), as well as cholesterol efflux genes, including ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 5/8 (Abcg5/8) and cluster of differentiation 36 (Cd36), was lower in arsenic-exposed conventional mice but not in AB-treated mice. Similarly, under arsenic exposure, the hepatic expression of scavenger receptor class B member 1 (Scarb1), which is involved in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), was lower in conventional mice, but was higher in AB-treated animals compared with controls. Correspondingly, arsenic exposure exerted opposite effects on the serum cholesterol levels in conventional and AB-treated mice, i.e., higher serum cholesterol levels in conventional mice but lower levels in AB-treated mice than in respective controls. Serum lipid levels, especially triglyceride (TG) levels, were higher in conventional mice exposed to 1 ppm arsenic, while arsenic exposure did not significantly affect the serum lipids in AB-treated mice. Liver lipid patterns were also differentially perturbed in a microbiota-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in mice, the gut microbiota may be a critical factor regulating arsenic-induced LXR/RXR signaling perturbation, suggesting that modulation of the gut microbiota might be an intervention strategy to reduce the toxic effects of arsenic on lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Yang L, Li T, Zhao S, Zhang S. Niacin regulates apolipoprotein M expression via liver X receptor‑α. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3285-3291. [PMID: 31432166 PMCID: PMC6755166 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin is currently the most effective drug that increases HDL-C levels. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) in humans is mainly found in plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Little is known about the role played by niacin in ApoM expression. In this study, the effects of niacin on ApoM expression were assessed as well as the associated mechanism. Human liver cancer cell line HepG2 was treated with niacin alone or with liver X receptor-α (LXRα) inhibitor at multiple concentrations. The mRNA and protein expression of ApoM were assessed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Specific LXRα shRNA was transfected into HepG2 cells to further evaluate the regulatory effects of LXRα on ApoM. An in vivo model was also established to investigate the LXRα inhibitor on the mouse ApoM levels. The comparisons among groups were evaluated using one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test. It was revealed that in HepG2 cells, niacin dose-dependently increased ApoM gene and protein expression levels. Niacin-induced upregulation of ApoM was attenuated by an LXRα inhibitor or LXRα shRNA, indicating that LXRα mediated this effect. Moreover, niacin treatment resulted in increased LXRα mRNA levels, in vivo and in vitro; niacin treatment resulted in increased ApoM gene and protein expression levels in mice. In conclusion, niacin upregulates ApoM expression by increasing LXRα expression in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- International Medical Center, Geriatric Department, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Tie Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410001, P.R. China
| | - Shuiping Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Saidan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Valente RS, de Almeida TG, Alves MF, de Camargo J, Basso AC, Belaz KRA, Eberlin MN, Landim-Alvarenga FDC, Fontes PK, Nogueira MFG, Sudano MJ. Modulation of long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase on the development, lipid deposit and cryosurvival of in vitro produced bovine embryos. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220731. [PMID: 31381602 PMCID: PMC6681945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the modulation effect of long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase during early embryo development. Bovine embryos were cultured in four groups: positive modulation (ACS+) with GW3965 hydrochloride, negative modulation (ACS-) with Triacsin C, association of both modulators (ACS±), and control. Embryo development rates were not altered (P>0.05) by treatments. Embryonic cytoplasmic lipid content increased in ACS+ but reduced in ACS- compared to the control (P < 0.05), whereas the membrane phospholipids profile was not altered by treatments. The total number of blastomeres did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups; however, an increased apoptotic cells percentage was found in ACS- compared to control. Twenty-four hours after warming, ACS+ and control grade I embryos presented the best hatching rates, whereas the ACS+ group equaled the hatching rates between their embryos of grades I, II and III 48 hours after warming. The relative abundance of transcripts for genes associated with lipid metabolism (ACSL3, ACSL6, ACAT1, SCD, and AUH), heatshock (HSP90AA1 and HSF1), oxidative stress (GPX4), and angiogenesis (VEGF), among other important genes for embryo development were affected by at least one of the treatments. The treatments were effective in modulating the level of transcripts for ACSL3 and the cytoplasmic lipid content. The ACS- was not effective in increasing embryonic cryosurvival, whereas ACS+ restored survival rates after vitrification of embryos with low quality, making them equivalent to embryos of excellent quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roniele Santana Valente
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Janine de Camargo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Kubo Fontes
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Assis, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus José Sudano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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High-Fat Diets and LXRs Expression in Rat Liver and Hypothalamus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:963-974. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pan YX, Zhuo MQ, Li DD, Xu YH, Wu K, Luo Z. SREBP-1 and LXRα pathways mediated Cu-induced hepatic lipid metabolism in zebrafish Danio rerio. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:370-379. [PMID: 30336314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of Cu-induced disorder of lipid metabolism in fish. To this end, adult zebrafish were exposed to three waterborne Cu concentrations (0 (control), 8 and 16 μg Cu/L, respectively) for 60 days. Hepatic Cu content and hepatosomatic index increased after waterborne Cu exposure. H&E and oil red O stainings showed extensive steatosis in the liver of Cu-exposed fish. Cu exposure up-regulated lipogenic enzymes activities of ME, ICDH, 6PGD, G6PD and FAS, but down-regulated CPTI activities. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that lipid metabolism related pathways were significantly enriched in both low-dose and high-dose Cu exposure group. Genes involved in lipogenic process from fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, fatty acid desaturation to glycerolipid biosynthesis were up-regulated by Cu. To elucidate the mechanism, LXRα inhibitor SR9243 and SREBP1 inhibitor fatostatin were used to verify the role of LXRα and SREBP1 in Cu-induced disorder of lipid metabolism. Both SR9243 and fatostatin significantly attenuated the Cu-induced increase of TG accumulation of hepatocytes. Meanwhile, SR9243 significantly attenuated the Cu-induced up-regulation of expression of lipogenic genes (acaca, fas, icdh, dgat1, moat2 and moat3), and fatostatin significantly attenuated the up-regulation of expression of acaca, fas, g6pd, dgat1 and moat2. Enzymes analysis showed both SR9243 and fatostatin blocked the Cu-induced increase of lipogenic enzymes activities. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of LXRα and SREBP1 in Cu-induced hepatic lipid deposition, which proposed a novel mechanism for elucidating metal element exposure inducing the disorder of lipid metabolism in aquatic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Pan
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Mei-Qing Zhuo
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Huan Xu
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Liu J, Huang H, Shi S, Wang X, Yu Y, Hu Y, Sun J, Ren C, Yang J, Shen Z. Atorvastatin upregulates apolipoprotein M expression via attenuating LXRα expression in hyperlipidemic apoE-deficient mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3785-3792. [PMID: 30344653 PMCID: PMC6176103 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a recently identified human apolipoprotein that is associated with the formation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Studies have demonstrated that statins may affect the expression of apoM; however, the regulatory effects of statins on apoM are controversial. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms by which statins regulate apoM remain unclear. In the present study, in vivo and in vitro models were used to investigate whether the anti-atherosclerotic effects of statins are associated with its apoM-regulating effects and the underlying mechanism. Hyperlipidemia was induced by in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by providing a high-fat diet. Atorvastatin was administered to hyperlipidemic mice and HepG2 cells to investigate its effect on apoM expression. The liver X receptor α (LXRα) agonist T0901317 was also administered together with atorvastatin to hyperlipidemic mice and HepG2 cells. The results revealed that atorvastatin increased apoM expression, which was accompanied with decreased expression of LXRα in the liver of hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and HepG2 cells. Additionally, apoM upregulation was inhibited following treatment with T0901317. In summary, atorvastatin exhibited anti-atherosclerotic effects by upregulating apoM expression in hyperlipidemic mice, which may be mediated by the inhibition of LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Haoyue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiu Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Chuanlu Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 100th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Knockdown of LXRα Inhibits Goat Intramuscular Preadipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103037. [PMID: 30301149 PMCID: PMC6213902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Goat intramuscular fat (IMF) content is mainly determined by the processes of intramuscular preadipocytes adipogenic differentiation and mature adipocyte lipid accumulation. However, the underlying regulators of these biological processes remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the expression of Liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) reaches a peak at early stage and then gradually decreases during goat intramuscular adipogenesis. Knockdown of LXRα mediated by two independent siRNAs significantly inhibits intramuscular adipocytes lipid accumulation and upregulates preadipocytes marker- preadipocyte factor 1 (pref1) expression. Consistently, siRNA treatments robustly decrease mRNA level of adipogenic related genes, including CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpα), Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparg), Sterol regulatory element binding protein isoform 1c (Srebp1c), Fatty acids binding protein (aP2) and Lipoprotein lipase (Lpl). Next, adenovirus overexpression of LXRα does not affect intramuscular adipocytes adipogenesis manifested by Oil Red O signal measurement and adipogenic specific genes detection. Mechanically, we found that both CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (Cebpβ) and Kruppel like factor 8 (Klf8) are potential targets of LXRα, indicated by having putative binding sites of LXRα at the promoter of these genes and similar expression pattern during adipogenesis comparing to LXRα. Importantly, mRNA levels of Cebpβ and Klf8 are downregulated significantly in goat LXRα knockdown intramuscular adipocyte. These results demonstrate that loss function of LXRα inhibits intramuscular adipogenesis possibly through down-regulation of Cebpβ and Klf8. Our research will provide new insights into mechanical regulation of goat IMF deposition.
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Luckert C, Braeuning A, de Sousa G, Durinck S, Katsanou ES, Konstantinidou P, Machera K, Milani ES, Peijnenburg AACM, Rahmani R, Rajkovic A, Rijkers D, Spyropoulou A, Stamou M, Stoopen G, Sturla S, Wollscheid B, Zucchini-Pascal N, Lampen A. Adverse Outcome Pathway-Driven Analysis of Liver Steatosis in Vitro: A Case Study with Cyproconazole. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:784-798. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Luckert
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georges de Sousa
- INRA Unit 1331, TOXALIM, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille - BP.93173 F-31027 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France
| | - Sigrid Durinck
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roger Rahmani
- INRA Unit 1331, TOXALIM, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille - BP.93173 F-31027 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deborah Rijkers
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Geert Stoopen
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nathalie Zucchini-Pascal
- INRA Unit 1331, TOXALIM, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille - BP.93173 F-31027 TOULOUSE cedex 3, France
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Mehrad-Majd H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Zali MR. Genetic association of liver X receptor beta rs2695121 polymorphism with obesity-related traits in a northeastern Iranian population. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6249-6254. [PMID: 29588827 PMCID: PMC5854001 DOI: 10.19082/6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver X receptor Beta (LXRβ), located in an obesity susceptible region, has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of lipid and carbohydrates. Previous human genetic studies have suggested genetic variability of LXRβ could be associated with human obesity. Therefore, we hypothesized that LXRβ gene rs2695121 polymorphism may be associated with the risk of obesity in a northeastern Iranian population. Methods A TaqMan allelic discrimination assay was used to genotype LXRβ rs2695121 polymorphism in this cross-sectional study of 168 obese, 209 overweight and 76 normal-weight subjects recruited from Mashhad city in Iran. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze alleles and genotypes distribution. Anthropometrics and clinical variables among different genotype carriers were compared by univariate analyses. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.16.0. Results Allelic and genotypic associations with obesity were not significant for the rs2695121 variant even after adjustment for age and gender (OR=1.17, 95% CI=0.46–2.91), p=0.586). Moreover, haplotype analysis using data from the other variant (rs17373080) of LXRβ revealed no significant association (p=0.88). However, among the clinical and metabolic parameters tested, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found nominally associated with the genotype CT (p=0.031 and p=0.017 respectively). Conclusion This study failed to demonstrate any association between the rs2695121 variant of LXRβ and obesity neither alone nor when considered with rs17373080. However, its association with blood pressure may influence one’s susceptibility to obesity, supporting further studies in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mehrad-Majd
- Ph.D. of Molecular Medicine, Assistant Professor, Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- M.D., Ph.D. of Nutrition, Professor, Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohamad-Reza Zali
- M.D. in Gastroenterology, Professor, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shi H, Zhang C, Xu Z, Xu X, Lv Z, Luo J, Loor J. Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 2 (LXRB) is the predominant liver X receptor subtype regulating transcription of 2 major lipogenic genes in goat primary mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Yao DW, Luo J, He QY, Li J, Wang H, Shi HB, Xu HF, Wang M, Loor JJ. Characterization of the liver X receptor-dependent regulatory mechanism of goat stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 gene by linoleic acid. J Dairy Sci 2017; 99:3945-3957. [PMID: 26947306 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of palmitoleic and oleic acid. Although the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of SCD1 via polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been extensively explored in nonruminants, the existence of such mechanism in ruminant mammary gland remains unknown. In this study, we used goat genomic DNA to clone and sequence a 1,713-bp fragment of the SCD1 5' flanking region. Deletion assays revealed a core region of the promoter located between -415 and -109 bp upstream of the transcription start site, and contained the highly conserved PUFA response region. An intact PUFA response region was required for the basal transcriptional activity of SCD1. Linoleic acid reduced endogenous expression of SCD1 and sterol regulatory element binding factor-1 (SREBF1) in goat mammary epithelial cells. Further analysis indicated that both the sterol response element (SRE) and the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) binding site in the SCD1 promoter were responsible for the inhibition effect by linoleic acid, whereas the effect was abrogated once NF-Y was deleted. In addition, SRE and NF-Y were partly responsible for the transcriptional activation induced via the liver X receptor agonist T 4506585 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). When goat mammary epithelial cells were cultured with linoleic acid, addition of T 4506585 markedly increased SCD1 transcription in controls, but had no effect on cells with a deleted SRE promoter. These results demonstrated that linoleic acid can regulate SCD1 expression at the transcriptional level through SRE and NF-Y in a liver X receptor-dependent fashion in the goat mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - J Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100.
| | - Q Y He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - J Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China 450046
| | - H Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - H B Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310058
| | - H F Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - M Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
| | - J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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40
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Luteolin improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in db/db mice by inhibition of liver X receptor activation to down-regulate expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:720-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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41
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Speen AM, Kim HYH, Bauer RN, Meyer M, Gowdy KM, Fessler MB, Duncan KE, Liu W, Porter NA, Jaspers I. Ozone-derived Oxysterols Affect Liver X Receptor (LXR) Signaling: A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR LIPID-PROTEIN ADDUCTS. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25192-25206. [PMID: 27703007 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When inhaled, ozone (O3) interacts with cholesterols of airway epithelial cell membranes or the lung-lining fluid, generating chemically reactive oxysterols. The mechanism by which O3-derived oxysterols affect molecular function is unknown. Our data show that in vitro exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to O3 results in the formation of oxysterols, epoxycholesterol-α and -β and secosterol A and B (Seco A and Seco B), in cell lysates and apical washes. Similarly, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from human volunteers exposed to O3 contained elevated levels of these oxysterol species. As expected, O3-derived oxysterols have a pro-inflammatory effect and increase NF-κB activity. Interestingly, expression of the cholesterol efflux pump ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1), which is regulated by activation of the liver X receptor (LXR), was suppressed in epithelial cells exposed to O3 Additionally, exposure of LXR knock-out mice to O3 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the lung, suggesting LXR inhibits O3-induced inflammation. Using alkynyl surrogates of O3-derived oxysterols, our data demonstrate adduction of LXR with Seco A. Similarly, supplementation of epithelial cells with alkynyl-tagged cholesterol followed by O3 exposure causes observable lipid-LXR adduct formation. Experiments using Seco A and the LXR agonist T0901317 (T09) showed reduced expression of ABCA1 as compared with stimulation with T0901317 alone, indicating that Seco A-LXR protein adduct formation inhibits LXR activation by traditional agonists. Overall, these data demonstrate that O3-derived oxysterols have pro-inflammatory functions and form lipid-protein adducts with LXR, thus leading to suppressed cholesterol regulatory gene expression and providing a biochemical mechanism mediating O3-derived formation of oxidized lipids in the airways and subsequent adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Speen
- From the Curriculum in Toxicology, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Hye-Young H Kim
- the Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Rebecca N Bauer
- From the Curriculum in Toxicology, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Megan Meyer
- From the Curriculum in Toxicology, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, and
| | - Michael B Fessler
- the Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Kelly E Duncan
- From the Curriculum in Toxicology, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Wei Liu
- the Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Ned A Porter
- the Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- From the Curriculum in Toxicology, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,
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42
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Moutinho M, Nunes MJ, Rodrigues E. Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase: Brain cholesterol metabolism and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1911-1920. [PMID: 27663182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctions in brain cholesterol homeostasis have been extensively related to brain disorders. The major elimination pathway of brain cholesterol is its hydroxylation into 24 (S)-hydroxycholesterol by the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1). Interestingly, there seems to be an association between CYP46A1 and high-order brain functions, in a sense that increased expression of this hydroxylase improves cognition, while a reduction leads to a poor cognitive performance. Moreover, increasing amount of epidemiological, biochemical and molecular evidence, suggests that CYP46A1 has a role in the pathogenesis or progression of neurodegenerative disorders, in which up-regulation of this enzyme is clearly beneficial. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood, which highlights the importance of studies that further explore the role of CYP46A1 in the central nervous system. In this review we summarize the major findings regarding CYP46A1, and highlight the several recently described pathways modulated by this enzyme from a physiological and pathological perspective, which might account for novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Moutinho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Nunes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Kim SY, Lim EJ, Yoon YS, Ahn YH, Park EM, Kim HS, Kang JL. Liver X receptor and STAT1 cooperate downstream of Gas6/Mer to induce anti-inflammatory arginase 2 expression in macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29673. [PMID: 27406916 PMCID: PMC4942780 DOI: 10.1038/srep29673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mer signaling increases the transcriptional activity of liver X receptor (LXR) to promote the resolution of acute sterile inflammation. Here, we aimed to understand the pathway downstream of Mer signaling after growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) treatment that leads to LXR expression and transcriptional activity in mouse bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Gas6-induced increases in LXRα and LXRβ and expression of their target genes were inhibited in BMDM from STAT1−/− mice or by the STAT1-specific inhibitor fludarabine. Gas6-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, LXR activation, and LXR target gene expression were inhibited in BMDM from Mer−/− mice or by inhibition of PI3K or Akt. Gas6-induced Akt phosphorylation was inhibited in BMDM from STAT1−/− mice or in the presence of fludarabine. Gas6-induced LXR activity was enhanced through an interaction between LXRα and STAT1 on the DNA promoter of Arg2. Additionally, we found that Gas6 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in a STAT1 and LXR pathway-dependent manner in BMDM. Additionally, Mer-neutralizing antibody reduced LXR and Arg2 expression in lung tissue and enhanced NO production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Our data suggest the possibility that the Gas6-Mer-PI3K/Akt-STAT1-LXR-Arg2 pathway plays an essential role for resolving inflammatory response in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lim
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Young-So Yoon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
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44
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Zhang B, Shang P, Qiangba Y, Xu A, Wang Z, Zhang H. The association of NR1H3 gene with lipid deposition in the pig. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:99. [PMID: 27229308 PMCID: PMC4880824 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3 (NR1H3, an alias for Liver X receptor α, LXRα) is a member of the LXR nuclear receptor super family and is an important regulator of lipid and fatty acid accumulation in the liver, adipose and skeletal muscle. Methods In this study, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from six populations of pig (Sus scrofa) were screened by PCR-sequencing and genotyped, and its association with backfat thickness was analyzed in a population of New Huai line (NHP, n = 117). In addition, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to measure expression of NR1H3 in the liver tissue, backfat and longissimus dorsi muscle of DSP (n = 10), TP (n = 10) and YY (n = 10) pigs. Results Three SNPs (exon2-C105T, exon2-G106C, and exon5-A201C) were screened and exon5-A201C was identified; the genotype frequencies were significantly different between indigenous and introduced breeds. The CC genotype was associated with higher backfat thickness than the AA and AC genotypes in the NYP. NR1H3 mRNA and protein expression were higher in the liver and longissimus dorsi of DSP and TP than in those of YY. This increased NR1H3 expression might be associated with higher lipid deposition. NR1H3 expression in the backfat of YY was not lower than that in DSP or TP, which might because NR1H3 has an alternative regulatory function for lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous fat of pigs. Conclusions Our results suggest that allele A of the exon5-A201C in NR1H3 may promote a reduction in backfat thickness, and differences in NR1H3 expression may be associated with differences in lipid deposition capacity among pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzong Qiangba
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Tibet University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Aishi Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Yao DW, Luo J, He QY, Xu HF, Li J, Shi HB, Wang H, Chen Z, Loor JJ. Liver X receptor α promotes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids in goat mammary epithelial cells via the control of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 in an SREBP-1-dependent manner. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6391-6402. [PMID: 27209141 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a pivotal enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). It is tightly regulated by transcription factors that control lipogenesis. In nonruminants, liver X receptor α (LXRα) is a nuclear receptor and transcription factor that acts as a key sensor of cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. However, the mechanism whereby LXRα regulates the expression and transcriptional activity of SCD1 in ruminant mammary cells remains unknown. In this study with goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC), the LXRα agonist T 4506585 (T09) markedly enhanced the mRNA expression of SCD1 and sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1). The concentrations of C16:1 and C18:1 and their desaturation indices also were increased by LXRα activation. However, knockdown of LXRα did not alter the mRNA expression of SCD1. Although SCD1 was repressed by SREBF1 knockdown, T09 significantly increased SCD1 expression. Further analysis revealed that the SCD1 promoter activity was activated by LXRα overexpression. The goat SCD1 promoter contains 2 LXR response elements (LXRE), 1 sterol response element (SRE), and 1 nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) binding site. Site-directed mutagenesis of LXRE1, LXRE2, or SRE alone did not eliminate the upregulation of SCD1 when LXRα was overexpressed. In contrast, when NF-Y alone or in combination with SRE was mutated simultaneously, the basal transcriptional activity of the SCD1 promoter was markedly decreased and did not respond to LXRα overexpression. Furthermore, when SREBF1 was knocked down, overexpression of LXRα did not affect the promoter activity of SCD1. Together, these data suggest that LXRα regulates the expression of SCD1 through increasing SREBP-1 abundance to promote interaction with SRE and NF-Y binding sites. The present study provides evidence that LXRα is involved in the synthesis of MUFA in the goat mammary gland through an indirect mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - J Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Q Y He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - H F Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - J Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China 450046
| | - H B Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310058
| | - H Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Z Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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46
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Shrestha E, Hussein MA, Savas JN, Ouimet M, Barrett TJ, Leone S, Yates JR, Moore KJ, Fisher EA, Garabedian MJ. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Represses Liver X Receptor-mediated ABCA1 Expression and Cholesterol Efflux in Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11172-84. [PMID: 27026705 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.726729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXR) are oxysterol-activated nuclear receptors that play a central role in reverse cholesterol transport through up-regulation of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) that mediate cellular cholesterol efflux. Mouse models of atherosclerosis exhibit reduced atherosclerosis and enhanced regression of established plaques upon LXR activation. However, the coregulatory factors that affect LXR-dependent gene activation in macrophages remain to be elucidated. To identify novel regulators of LXR that modulate its activity, we used affinity purification and mass spectrometry to analyze nuclear LXRα complexes and identified poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) as an LXR-associated factor. In fact, PARP-1 interacted with both LXRα and LXRβ. Both depletion of PARP-1 and inhibition of PARP-1 activity augmented LXR ligand-induced ABCA1 expression in the RAW 264.7 macrophage line and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages but did not affect LXR-dependent expression of other target genes, ABCG1 and SREBP-1c. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed PARP-1 recruitment at the LXR response element in the promoter of the ABCA1 gene. Further, we demonstrated that LXR is poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated by PARP-1, a potential mechanism by which PARP-1 influences LXR function. Importantly, the PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide enhanced macrophage ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to the lipid-poor apolipoprotein AI. These findings shed light on the important role of PARP-1 on LXR-regulated lipid homeostasis. Understanding the interplay between PARP-1 and LXR may provide insights into developing novel therapeutics for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Shrestha
- From the Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Maryem A Hussein
- From the Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Jeffery N Savas
- the Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Mireille Ouimet
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, and
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, and
| | - Sarah Leone
- From the Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - John R Yates
- the Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, and
| | - Edward A Fisher
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, and
| | - Michael J Garabedian
- From the Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016,
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Wagner A, Cohen N, Kelder T, Amit U, Liebman E, Steinberg DM, Radonjic M, Ruppin E. Drugs that reverse disease transcriptomic signatures are more effective in a mouse model of dyslipidemia. Mol Syst Biol 2016; 11:791. [PMID: 26148350 PMCID: PMC4380926 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput omics have proven invaluable in studying human disease, and yet day-to-day clinical practice still relies on physiological, non-omic markers. The metabolic syndrome, for example, is diagnosed and monitored by blood and urine indices such as blood cholesterol levels. Nevertheless, the association between the molecular and the physiological manifestations of the disease, especially in response to treatment, has not been investigated in a systematic manner. To this end, we studied a mouse model of diet-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis that was subject to various drug treatments relevant to the disease in question. Both physiological data and gene expression data (from the liver and white adipose) were analyzed and compared. We find that treatments that restore gene expression patterns to their norm are associated with the successful restoration of physiological markers to their baselines. This holds in a tissue-specific manner—treatments that reverse the transcriptomic signatures of the disease in a particular tissue are associated with positive physiological effects in that tissue. Further, treatments that introduce large non-restorative gene expression alterations are associated with unfavorable physiological outcomes. These results provide a sound basis to in silico methods that rely on omic metrics for drug repurposing and drug discovery by searching for compounds that reverse a disease's omic signatures. Moreover, they highlight the need to develop drugs that restore the global cellular state to its healthy norm rather than rectify particular disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allon Wagner
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, CA, USA
- * Corresponding author. Tel. +972 3 640 5378; E-mail:
| | - Noa Cohen
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas Kelder
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNOZeist, the Netherlands
| | - Uri Amit
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel
- Regenerative Medicine Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical CenterTel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Elad Liebman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at AustinAustin, TX, USA
| | - David M Steinberg
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Eytan Ruppin
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Advanced Computer Sciences (UMIACS) & the Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
- ** Corresponding author. Tel. +972 3 640 6528; E-mail:
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48
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Pan YX, Luo Z, Zhuo MQ, Hu W, Wu K, Shi X, Xu YH. Liver X Receptor (LXR) in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco: Molecular characterization, mRNA tissue expression and transcriptional regulation by insulin in vivo and in vitro. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 191:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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49
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Liu W, Cao H, Yan J, Huang R, Ying H. 'Micro-managers' of hepatic lipid metabolism and NAFLD. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2015. [PMID: 26198708 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is tightly associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. As the defining feature of NAFLD, hepatic steatosis develops as a consequence of metabolic dysregulation of de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and triglycerides (TG) export. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous small noncoding RNAs, play critical roles in various biological processes through regulating gene expression at post-transcriptional level. A growing body of evidence suggests that miRNAs not only maintain hepatic TG homeostasis under physiological condition, but also participate in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of the hepatic miRNAs associated with the development of liver steatosis and the regulatory mechanisms involved, which might be helpful to further understand the nature of NAFLD and provide a sound scientific basis for the drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Model Animal Research Center, and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- SIBS (Institute of Health Sciences)-Changhai Hospital Joint Center for Translational Research, Institutes for Translational Research (CAS-SMMU), Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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50
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Luckert C, Hessel S, Lenze D, Lampen A. Disturbance of gene expression in primary human hepatocytes by hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids: A whole genome transcriptome analysis. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1669-82. [PMID: 26100227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1,2-unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are plant metabolites predominantly occurring in the plant families Asteraceae and Boraginaceae. Acute and chronic PA poisoning causes severe hepatotoxicity. So far, the molecular mechanisms of PA toxicity are not well understood. To analyze its mode of action, primary human hepatocytes were exposed to a non-cytotoxic dose of 100 μM of four structurally different PA: echimidine, heliotrine, senecionine, senkirkine. Changes in mRNA expression were analyzed by a whole genome microarray. Employing cut-off values with a |fold change| of 2 and a q-value of 0.01, data analysis revealed numerous changes in gene expression. In total, 4556, 1806, 3406 and 8623 genes were regulated by echimidine, heliotrine, senecione and senkirkine, respectively. 1304 genes were identified as commonly regulated. PA affected pathways related to cell cycle regulation, cell death and cancer development. The transcription factors TP53, MYC, NFκB and NUPR1 were predicted to be activated upon PA treatment. Furthermore, gene expression data showed a considerable interference with lipid metabolism and bile acid flow. The associated transcription factors FXR, LXR, SREBF1/2, and PPARα/γ/δ were predicted to be inhibited. In conclusion, though structurally different, all four PA significantly regulated a great number of genes in common. This proposes similar molecular mechanisms, although the extent seems to differ between the analyzed PA as reflected by the potential hepatotoxicity and individual PA structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Luckert
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hessel
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dido Lenze
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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