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Capoccia M, Brewer JM, Rackauskas M, Becker TK, Maybauer DM, Stukov Y, Lorusso R, Maybauer MO. Outcome of Veno-Pulmonary Extracorporeal Life Support in Lung Transplantation Using ProtekDuo Cannula: A Systematic Review and Description of Configurations. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4111. [PMID: 39064150 PMCID: PMC11277848 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Refractory end-stage pulmonary failure may benefit from extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge to lung transplantation. Veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been recommended for patients who have failed conventional medical therapy and mechanical ventilation. Veno-arterial (VA) ECMO may be used in patients with acute right ventricular (RV) failure, haemodynamic instability, or refractory respiratory failure. Peripheral percutaneous approaches, either dual-site single-lumen cannulation for veno-pulmonary (VP) ECMO or single-site dual-lumen (dl)VP ECMO, using the ProtekDuo right ventricular assist device (RVAD) cannula, has made this configuration a desirable option as a bridge to transplantation. These configurations support the right ventricle, prevent recirculation by placing the tricuspid and pulmonary valve between the drainage and return cannulas, provide the direct introduction of oxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery, and have been shown to decrease the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in certain disease states. This promotes haemodynamic stability, potential sedation-weaning trials, extubation, mobilisation, and pre-transplant rehabilitation. Methods: A web-based literature search in PubMed and EMBASE was undertaken based on a combination of keywords. The PICOS and PRISMA approaches were used. Results: Four case series were identified out of 323 articles, with a total of 34 patients placed on VP ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation. All relevant data are reviewed and integrated into the Discussion. Conclusions: Despite the limited available evidence, the use of ProtekDuo has become very promising for the management of end-stage lung disease as a bridge to lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Capoccia
- South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Joseph M. Brewer
- Nazih Zuhdi Transplant Institute, Specialty Critical Care and Acute Circulatory Support Service, INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73112, USA;
- Queen’s University Health Quality Programs, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mindaugas Rackauskas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.R.); (Y.S.)
| | - Torben K. Becker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Dirk M. Maybauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps University, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Yuriy Stukov
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.R.); (Y.S.)
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) Centrum, Cardio-Thoracic Surgery and Cardiology Department, Heart & Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc O. Maybauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps University, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4032, Australia
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2
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Palleschi A, Mattioni G, LoMauro A, Privitera E, Musso V, Morlacchi L, Vergari M, Velardo D, Grasselli G. Diaphragm and Lung Transplantation. Transpl Int 2024; 37:12897. [PMID: 38979122 PMCID: PMC11228173 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Mutual interactions between the diaphragm and lung transplantation (LTx) are known to exist. Before LTx, many factors can exert notable impact on the diaphragmatic function, such as the underlying respiratory disease, the comorbidities, and the chronic treatments of the patient. In the post-LTx setting, even the surgical procedure itself can cause a stressful trauma to the diaphragm, potentially leading to morphological and functional alterations. Conversely, the diaphragm can significantly influence various aspects of the LTx process, ranging from graft-to-chest cavity size matching to the long-term postoperative respiratory performance of the recipient. Despite this, there are still no standard criteria for evaluating, defining, and managing diaphragmatic dysfunction in the context of LTx to date. This deficiency hampers the accurate assessment of those factors which affect the diaphragm and its reciprocal influence on LTx outcomes. The objective of this narrative review is to delve into the complex role the diaphragm plays in the different stages of LTx and into the modifications of this muscle following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palleschi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mattioni
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- School of Thoracic Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella LoMauro
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Privitera
- Department of Healthcare Professions, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Musso
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Morlacchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vergari
- Neuropathophysiology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Velardo
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergencies, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Lee SY, Ahn JH, Kim HC, Shim TS, Kang PJ, Lee GD, Choi SH, Jung SH, Park SI, Hong SB. Outcomes of Lung Transplantation in Patients With Right Ventricular Dysfunction: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis Comparing ECMO Configurations in a Bridge-to-Transplant Setting. Transpl Int 2024; 37:12657. [PMID: 38845757 PMCID: PMC11153757 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the lung transplantation (LT) outcomes of patients with right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), focusing on the impact of various extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) configurations. We included adult patients who underwent LT with ECMO as a bridge-to-transplant from 2011 to 2021 at a single center. Among patients with RVD (n = 67), veno-venous (V-V) ECMO was initially applied in 79% (53/67) and maintained until LT in 52% (35/67). Due to the worsening of RVD, the configuration was changed from V-V ECMO to veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO or a right ventricular assist device with an oxygenator (Oxy-RVAD) in 34% (18/67). They showed that lactic acid levels (2-6.1 mmol/L) and vasoactive inotropic score (6.6-22.6) increased. V-A ECMO or Oxy-RVAD was initiated and maintained until LT in 21% (14/67) of cases. There was no significant difference in the survival rates among the three configuration groups (V-V ECMO vs. configuration changed vs. V-A ECMO/Oxy-RVAD). Our findings suggest that the choice of ECMO configuration for LT candidates with RVD should be determined by the patient's current hemodynamic status. Vital sign stability supports the use of V-V ECMO, while increasing lactic acid levels and vasopressor needs may require a switch to V-A ECMO or Oxy-RVAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhou AL, Jenkins RT, Ruck JM, Shou BL, Larson EL, Casillan AJ, Ha JS, Merlo CA, Bush EL. Outcomes of Recipients Aged 65 Years and Older Bridged to Lung Transplant With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. ASAIO J 2024; 70:230-238. [PMID: 37939695 PMCID: PMC10922625 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to lung transplant (BTT) has been used for critically ill candidates with excellent outcomes, but data on this strategy in older recipients remain limited. We compared outcomes of no BTT, mechanical ventilation (MV)-only BTT, and ECMO BTT in recipients of greater than or equal to 65 years. Lung-only recipients of greater than or equal to 65 years in the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2008 and 2022 were included and stratified by bridging strategy. Of the 9,936 transplants included, 226 (2.3%) were MV-only BTT and 159 (1.6%) were ECMO BTT. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation BTT recipients were more likely to have restrictive disease pathology, had higher median lung allocation score, and spent fewer days on the waitlist (all p < 0.001). Compared to no-BTT recipients, ECMO BTT recipients were more likely to be intubated or on ECMO at 72 hours posttransplant and had longer hospital lengths of stay (all p < 0.001). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation BTT recipients had increased risk of 3 years mortality compared to both no-BTT (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.48 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.14-1.91], p = 0.003) and MV-only recipients (aHR = 1.50 [95% CI: 1.08-2.07], p = 0.02). Overall, we found that ECMO BTT in older recipients is associated with inferior posttransplant outcomes compared to MV-only or no BTT, but over half of recipients remained alive at 3 years posttransplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L. Zhou
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Reed T. Jenkins
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Jessica M. Ruck
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Benjamin L. Shou
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Emily L. Larson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Alfred J. Casillan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Jinny S. Ha
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Christian A. Merlo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Errol L. Bush
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
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5
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Koh W, Zang H, Ollberding NJ, Ziady A, Hayes D. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation bridge to pediatric lung transplantation: Modern era analysis. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14570. [PMID: 37424517 PMCID: PMC10530187 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival outcomes of children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at time of lung transplant (LTx) remain unclear. METHODS Pediatric first-time LTx recipients transplanted between January 2000 and December 2020 were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing Registry to compare post-transplant survival according to ECMO support at time of transplant. For a comprehensive analysis of the data, univariate analysis, multivariable Cox regression, and propensity score matching were performed. RESULTS During the study period, 954 children under 18 years of age underwent LTx with 40 patients on ECMO. We did not identify a post-LTx survival difference between patients receiving ECMO when compared to those that did not. A multivariable Cox regression model (Hazard ratio = 0.83; 95% confidence interval: 0.47, 1.45; p = .51) did not demonstrate an increased risk for death post-LTx. Lastly, a propensity score matching analysis, retaining 33 ECMO and 33 non-ECMO patients, further confirmed no post-LTx survival difference comparing ECMO to no ECMO cohorts (Hazard ratio = 0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.48, 2.00; p = .96). CONCLUSIONS In this contemporary cohort of children, the use of ECMO at the time of LTx did not negatively impact post-transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonshill Koh
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Huaiyu Zang
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Nicholas J. Ollberding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Assem Ziady
- Dvision of Bone Marrow Transplant, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Don Hayes
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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Neumann E, Sahli SD, Kaserer A, Braun J, Spahn MA, Aser R, Spahn DR, Wilhelm MJ. Predictors associated with mortality of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:2389-2401. [PMID: 37324096 PMCID: PMC10267924 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) has rapidly increased in recent years. Today, applications of V-V ECMO include a variety of clinical conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bridge to lung transplantation and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate in-hospital mortality of adult patients undergoing V-V ECMO therapy and to determine independent predictors associated with mortality. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the University Hospital Zurich, a designated ECMO center in Switzerland. Data was analyzed of all adult V-V ECMO cases from 2007 to 2019. RESULTS In total, 221 patients required V-V ECMO support (median age 50 years, 38.9% female). In-hospital mortality was 37.6% and did not statistically vary significantly between indications (P=0.61): 25.0% (1/4) for primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation, 29.4% (5/17) for bridge to lung transplantation, 36.2% (50/138) for ARDS and 43.5% (27/62) for other pulmonary disease indications. Cubic spline interpolation showed no effect of time on mortality over the study period of 13 years. Multiple logistic regression modelling identified significant predictor variables associated with mortality: age [odds ratio (OR), 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.07; P=0.001], newly detected liver failure (OR, 4.83; 95% CI: 1.27-20.3; P=0.02), red blood cell transfusion (OR, 1.91; 95% CI: 1.39-2.74; P<0.001) and platelet concentrate transfusion (OR, 1.93; 95% CI: 1.28-3.15; P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS In-hospital mortality of patients receiving V-V ECMO therapy remains relatively high. Patients' outcomes have not improved significantly in the observed period. We identified age, newly detected liver failure, red blood cell transfusion and platelet concentrate transfusion as independent predictors associated with in-hospital mortality. Incorporating such mortality predictors into decision making with regards to V-V ECMO use may increase its effectiveness and safety and may translate into better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Neumann
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian D. Sahli
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Kaserer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Braun
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Muriel A. Spahn
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raed Aser
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donat R. Spahn
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus J. Wilhelm
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Orozco-Hernandez E, DeLay TK, Gongora E, Bellot C, Rusanov V, Wille K, Tallaj J, Pamboukian S, Kaleekal T, Mcelwee S, Hoopes C. State of the art - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to thoracic transplantation. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e14875. [PMID: 36465026 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has revolutionized the treatment of refractory cardiac and respiratory failure, and its use continues to increase, particularly in adults. However, ECMO-related morbidity and mortality remain high. MAIN TEXT In this review, we investigate and expand upon the current state of the art in thoracic transplant and extracorporeal life support (ELS). In particular, we examine recent increase in incidence of heart transplant in patients supported by ECMO; the potential changes in patient care and selection for transplant in the years prior to updated United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) organ allocation guidelines versus those in the years following, particularly where these guidelines pertain to ECMO; and the newly revived practice of heart-lung block transplants (HLT) and the prevalence and utility of ECMO support in patients listed for HLT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight encouraging outcomes in patients bridged to transplant with ECMO, considerable changes in treatment surrounding the updated UNOS guidelines, and complex, diverse outcomes among different centers in their care for increasingly ill patients listed for thoracic transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Orozco-Hernandez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas Kurt DeLay
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Enrique Gongora
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chris Bellot
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victoria Rusanov
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Keith Wille
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jose Tallaj
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Salpy Pamboukian
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas Kaleekal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sam Mcelwee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Charles Hoopes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Hartwig M, van Berkel V, Bharat A, Cypel M, Date H, Erasmus M, Hoetzenecker K, Klepetko W, Kon Z, Kukreja J, Machuca T, McCurry K, Mercier O, Opitz I, Puri V, Van Raemdonck D. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) 2022 Expert Consensus Document: The use of mechanical circulatory support in lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:301-326. [PMID: 36517135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation. METHODS The AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement. RESULTS The expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Achieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hartwig
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Date
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiel Erasmus
- University Academic Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jasleen Kukreja
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Tiago Machuca
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Fla
| | | | - Olaf Mercier
- Université Paris-Saclay and Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | | | - Varun Puri
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
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9
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Time From Infiltrate on Chest Radiograph to Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in COVID-19 Affects Mortality. ASAIO J 2023; 69:23-30. [PMID: 36007188 PMCID: PMC9797122 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) has been used to treat severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome; however, patient selection criteria have evolved throughout the pandemic. In this study, we sought to determine the association of patient mortality with time from positive COVID-19 test and infiltrate on chest radiograph (x-ray) to VV ECMO cannulation. We hypothesized that an increasing duration between a positive COVID-19 test or infiltrates on chest x-ray and cannulation would be associated with increased mortality. This is a single-center retrospective chart review of COVID-19 VV ECMO patients from March 1, 2020 to July 28, 2021. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariate analyses were performed to assess for mortality differences. A total of 93 patients were included in our study. Increased time, in days, from infiltrate on chest x-ray to cannulation was associated with increased mortality in both unadjusted (5-9, P = 0.002) and adjusted regression analyses (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22-1.81, P < 0.01). Time from positive test to cannulation was not found to be significant between survivors and nonsurvivors (7.5-11, P = 0.06). Time from infiltrate on chest x-ray to cannulation for VV ECMO should be considered when assessing patient candidacy. Further larger cohort and prospective studies are required.
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10
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Johnson B, Dobkin SL, Josephson M. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to transplant in neonates with fatal pulmonary conditions: A review. Paediatr Respir Rev 2022; 44:31-39. [PMID: 36464576 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neonates with progressive respiratory failure should be referred early for subspecialty evaluation and lung transplantation consideration. ECMO should be considered for patients with severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction and a high likelihood of death while on maximal medical therapy, either in the setting of reversible medical conditions or while awaiting lung transplantation. While ECMO offers hope to neonates that experience clinical deterioration while awaiting transplant, the risks and benefits of this intervention should be considered on an individual basis. Owing to the small number of infant lung transplants performed yearly, large studies examining the outcomes of various bridging techniques in this age group do not exist. Multiple single-centre experiences of transplanted neonates have been described and currently serve as guidance for transplant teams. Future investigation of outcomes specific to neonatal transplant recipients bridged with advanced devices is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UF Health Shands Children's Hospital, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Shoshana Leftin Dobkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Maureen Josephson
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Perez AA, Shah RJ. Critical Care of the Lung Transplant Patient. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:457-470. [PMID: 36116814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is a therapeutic option for end-stage lung disease that improves survival and quality of life. Prelung transplant admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for bridge to transplant with mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is common. Primary graft dysfunction is an important immediate complication of lung transplantation with short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Later transplant-related causes of respiratory failure necessitating ICU admission include acute cellular rejection, atypical infections, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Lung transplantation for COVID-19-related ARDS is increasingly common..
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Rupal J Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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12
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Cho WH. Lung Transplantation for Patients with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Chest Surg 2022; 55:357-360. [PMID: 35924544 PMCID: PMC9358166 DOI: 10.5090/jcs.22.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may exhibit pulmonary fibrosis after the viral illness resolves. Some of these patients may experience severe functional lung impairment, and thus require transplants to prevent death or maintain a tolerable quality of life. Considering the reversibility of COVID-19 ARDS, lung transplant candidates are observed for 1–2 months and must be selected very carefully before transplantation. As the short-term outcomes of such patients are comparable to those of patients with other indications for transplantation, lung transplantation should be actively considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyun Cho
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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13
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Canjuga D, Hansen C, Halbrügge F, Hann L, Weiß S, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. Improving hemocompatibility of artificial lungs by click conjugation of glycoengineered endothelial cells onto blood-contacting surfaces. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212824. [PMID: 35929239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Artificial lungs, also known as oxygenators, allow adequate oxygenation of the blood in patients with severe respiratory failure and enable patient survival. However, the insufficient hemocompatibility of the current of artificial lungs hampers their long-term use. Therefore, in this study, a novel strategy was developed to efficiently endothelialize blood-contacting surfaces to improve their hemocompatibility. Hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) were functionalized with dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO), and endothelial cells were glycoengineered for covalent conjugation to DBCO by a copper-free click reaction. Metabolic glycoengineering using azidoacetylmannosamine-tetraacylated (Ac4ManNAz) resulted in highly efficient functionalization of endothelial cells with azide (N3) molecules on the cell surface without negative impact on cell viability. After 48 h, significantly improved endothelialization was detected on the HFM surfaces functionalized with DBCO compared to unmodified HFMs. Endothelial cells were responsive to inflammatory stimulus and expressed adhesion-promoting molecules (E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1). Furthermore, the hemocompatibility of HFMs was analyzed by dynamic incubation with fresh human blood. DBCO-coated and uncoated HFMs showed a comparable hemocompatibility, but the endothelialization of HFMs significantly reduced the activation of blood coagulation and platelets. Interestingly, the incubation of endothelialized HFMs with human blood further reduced the expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 in endothelial cells. In this study, a highly efficient, cell-compatible method for endothelialization of artificial lungs was established. This click chemistry-based method can be also applied for the endothelialization of other artificial surfaces for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Canjuga
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Hansen
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Halbrügge
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ludmilla Hann
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarina Weiß
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Wendel
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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14
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Wu WK, Grogan WM, Ziogas IA, Patel YJ, Bacchetta M, Alexopoulos SP. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome undergoing liver transplantation: A systematic review of the literature. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2022; 36:100693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2022.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Ho ST, Yeh TC, Chang HH, Wang JO, Kao S, Lin TC. Age and comorbidities as predictors of hospital mortality in adult patients who receive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: A population-based study. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_128_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Xia Y, Ragalie W, Yang E, Lluri G, Biniwale R, Benharash P, Gudzenko V, Saggar R, Sayah D, Ardehali A. Venoarterial Versus Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as Bridge to Lung Transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:2080-2086. [PMID: 34906571 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used as a bridge to lung transplantation with acceptable outcomes. We hypothesized that VA ECMO, as part of a multidisciplinary ECMO program, yields similar outcomes as VV ECMO as a bridge in lung transplantation. METHODS Records of all patients who had undergone ECMO with the intention to bridge to lung transplantation at University of California Los Angeles from January 1, 2012 to March 31, 2020 were reviewed. Baseline characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, long-term survival, and freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) were assessed. RESULTS During this interval, 58 patients were placed on ECMO with the intention to bridge to lung transplantation: 27 on VV ECMO, and 31 on VA ECMO with a median duration of 7 and 17 days of support, respectively(p=0.01). Successful bridge to lung transplantation occurred in 21(78%) VV and 26(84%) VA patients. Incidence of primary graft dysfunction III(PGD III) at 72 hours in the VV and the VA cohorts were 0% and 4%, respectively(p=0.99). In-hospital and 90-day survival of the VV and VA groups were 100% and 96%, respectively(p=0.99). Three-year survival of the two groups were not significantly different from a contemporary cohort of lung transplant recipients not bridged with ECMO. CONCLUSIONS VA and VV ECMO can both be used as a bridge to lung transplantation with high success, with short and medium-term survival similar to non-bridged lung transplant recipients. Both modes should be considered effective at bridging select candidates to lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery.
| | - William Ragalie
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery
| | - Eric Yang
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Gentian Lluri
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Reshma Biniwale
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery
| | - Peyman Benharash
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery
| | - Vadim Gudzenko
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Rajan Saggar
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - David Sayah
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Abbas Ardehali
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery
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17
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Copeland H, Levine D, Morton J, Hayanga JA. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in the cardiothoracic patient: State of the art and use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 8:97-103. [PMID: 34723221 PMCID: PMC8541831 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Copeland
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Heart Transplantation, Mechanical Circulatory Support and ECMO, Lutheran Hospital, Fort Wayne, Ind
- Indiana University School of Medicine Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Ind
- Address for reprints: Hannah Copeland, MD, Indiana University–Fort Wayne School of Medicine, 7910 W Jefferson Blvd, Suite 102, Fort Wayne, IN 46804.
| | - Deborah Levine
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex
| | - John Morton
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Heart Transplantation, Mechanical Circulatory Support and ECMO, Lutheran Hospital, Fort Wayne, Ind
| | - J.W. Awori Hayanga
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVa
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18
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Gómez-Hernández MT, Martínez EJ, Fuentes MG, Paz M, Rodríguez I, Novoa NM, Jiménez MF. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as bridge therapy to surgery in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to rupture of a pulmonary hydatid cyst. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 57:503-504. [PMID: 35698964 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest J Martínez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta G Fuentes
- Departamento de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Paz
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Israel Rodríguez
- Departamento de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nuria M Novoa
- Departamento de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marcelo F Jiménez
- Departamento de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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19
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Koons B, Siebert J. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplant: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Practice. Crit Care Nurse 2021; 40:49-57. [PMID: 32476023 DOI: 10.4037/ccn2020918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
TOPIC Candidates waiting for lung transplant are sicker now than ever before. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has become useful as a bridge to lung transplant for these critically ill patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Critical care nurses must be prepared to care for the increasing number of lung transplant patients who require this advanced support method. PURPOSE OF PAPER To provide critical care nurses with the foundational knowledge essential for delivering quality care to this high-acuity transplant patient population. CONTENT COVERED This review describes the types of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (venovenous and venoarterial), provides an overview of the indications and contraindications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and discusses the role of clinical bedside nurses in the treatment of patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Koons
- Brittany Koons is a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Pennsylvania and a critical care nurse in the cardiothoracic surgical intensive care unit at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jennifer Siebert
- Jennifer Siebert is a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Future of Nursing Scholar and doctoral student at Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, and a critical care nurse in the cardiothoracic surgical intensive care unit at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
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20
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Stokes JW, Gannon WD, Bacchetta M. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplant. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:380-391. [PMID: 34030201 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a cardiopulmonary technology capable of supporting cardiac and respiratory function in the presence of end-stage lung disease. Initial experiences using ECMO as a bridge to lung transplant (ECMO-BTLT) were characterized by high rates of ECMO-associated complications and poor posttransplant outcomes. More recently, ECMO-BTLT has garnered success in preserving patients' physiologic condition and candidacy prior to lung transplant due to technological advances and improved management. Despite recent growth, clinical practice surrounding use of ECMO-BTLT remains variable, with little data to inform optimal patient selection and management. Although many questions remain, the use of ECMO-BTLT has shown promising outcomes suggesting that ECMO-BTLT can be an effective strategy to ensure that complex and rapidly decompensating patients with end-stage lung disease can be safely transplanted with good outcomes. Further studies are needed to refine and inform practice patterns, management, and lung allocation in this high-risk and fragile patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Stokes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Whitney D Gannon
- Departments of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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21
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Nasir BS, Klapper J, Hartwig M. Lung Transplant from ECMO: Current Results and Predictors of Post-transplant Mortality. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2021; 8:140-150. [PMID: 33842193 PMCID: PMC8021937 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-021-00323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review We examined data from the last 5 years describing extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge to lung transplantation. We assessed predictors of survival to transplantation and post-transplant mortality. Recent Findings The number of lung transplants performed worldwide is increasing. This is accompanied by an increase in the type of patients being transplanted, including sicker patients with more advanced disease. Consequently, there is an increase in the need for bridging strategies, with varying success. Several predictors of failure have been identified. Major risk factors include retransplantation, other organ dysfunction, and deconditioning. Summary ECLS is a risky strategy but necessary for patients who would otherwise die if not bridged to transplantation. The presence of predictors for failure is not a contraindication for bridging. However, major risk factors should be approached cautiously. Other, more minor risk factors may be considered acceptable. More importantly, the strategy should be individualized for each patient to achieve the best possible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil S Nasir
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0C1 Canada
| | - Jacob Klapper
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Matthew Hartwig
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
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22
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Gómez-Hernández MT, Martínez EJ, Fuentes MG, Paz M, Rodríguez I, Novoa NM, Jiménez MF. Pulmonar Extracorporeal Oxygenation Membrane (ECMO) as Bridge Therapy to Surgery in a Patient with Acute Respiratory Dystres Syndrome (ARDS) due to the Rupture of a Pulmonary Hydathid Cyst. Arch Bronconeumol 2020:S0300-2896(20)30518-4. [PMID: 33358225 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest J Martínez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - Marta G Fuentes
- Departamento de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - Marta Paz
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - Israel Rodríguez
- Departamento de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - Nuria M Novoa
- Departamento de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - Marcelo F Jiménez
- Departamento de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
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Abstract
This review focuses on the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure across all blood flow ranges. Starting with a short overview of historical development, aspects of the physiology of gas exchange (i.e., oxygenation and decarboxylation) during extracorporeal circulation are discussed. The mechanisms of phenomena such as recirculation and shunt playing an important role in daily clinical practice are explained.Treatment of refractory and symptomatic hypoxemic respiratory failure (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]) currently represents the main indication for high-flow veno-venous-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. On the other hand, lower-flow extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal might potentially help to avoid or attenuate ventilator-induced lung injury by allowing reduction of the energy load (i.e., driving pressure, mechanical power) transmitted to the lungs during mechanical ventilation or spontaneous ventilation. In the latter context, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal plays an emerging role in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients during acute exacerbations. Both applications of extracorporeal lung support raise important ethical considerations, such as likelihood of ultimate futility and end-of-life decision-making. The review concludes with a brief overview of potential technical developments and persistent challenges.
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24
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Christian-Miller N, Hadaya J, Nakhla M, Sanaiha Y, Madrigal J, Emami S, Cale M, Sareh S, Benharash P. The impact of obesity on outcomes in patients receiving extracorporeal life support. Artif Organs 2020; 44:1184-1191. [PMID: 32530120 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has been increasingly utilized to manage cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction. The impact of obesity on outcomes of ECLS is poorly defined. The purpose of the study was to compare in-hospital mortality, resource use, complications, and readmissions in obese versus non-obese patients receiving ECLS. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all adult ECLS patients with and without an obesity diagnosis using the 2010-2016 Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). Mortality, length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, complications, and readmissions were evaluated using multivariable logistic and linear regression. Of 23 876, patients who received ECLS, 1924 (8.1%) were obese. Obese patients received ECLS more frequently for respiratory failure (29.5% vs. 23.7%, P = .001). After adjustment for patient and hospital factors, obesity was not associated with increased odds of mortality (AOR = 1.06, P = .44) and was associated with decreased LOS (13.7 vs. 21.2 days, P < .001), hospital charges ($171 866 vs. $211 445, P < .001), and 30-day readmission (AOR = 0.71, P = .03). Obesity was also associated with reduced odds of hemorrhage (AOR = 0.43, P < .001), neurologic complications (AOR = 0.55, P = .004), and acute kidney injury (AOR=0.83, P = .04). After stratification by ECLS indication, obesity remained predictive of shorter LOS (AOR range: 0.53-0.78, all P < .05 ) and did not impact mortality (all P > .05). Respiratory support remains the most common indication for ECLS among obese patients. Among all patients, as well as by individual ECLS indication, obesity was not associated with increased odds of mortality. These findings suggest that obesity should not be considered a high-risk contraindication to ECLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Christian-Miller
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Morcos Nakhla
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yas Sanaiha
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Josef Madrigal
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Emami
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario Cale
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sohail Sareh
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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25
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Steuer NB, Hugenroth K, Beck T, Spillner J, Kopp R, Reinartz S, Schmitz-Rode T, Steinseifer U, Wagner G, Arens J. Long-Term Venovenous Connection for Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal (ECCO 2R)-Numerical Investigation of the Connection to the Common Iliac Veins. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:362-380. [PMID: 32405926 PMCID: PMC7385029 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Currently used cannulae for extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) are associated with complications such as thrombosis and distal limb ischemia, especially for long-term use. We hypothesize that the risk of these complications is reducible by attaching hemodynamically optimized grafts to the patient’s vessels. In this study, as a first step towards a long-term stable ECCO2R connection, we investigated the feasibility of a venovenous connection to the common iliac veins. To ensure its applicability, the drainage of reinfused blood (recirculation) and high wall shear stress (WSS) must be avoided. Methods A reference model was selected for computational fluid dynamics, on the basis of the analysis of imaging data. Initially, a sensitivity analysis regarding recirculation was conducted using as variables: blood flow, the distance of drainage and return to the iliocaval junction, as well as the diameter and position of the grafts. Subsequently, the connection was optimized regarding recirculation and the WSS was evaluated. We validated the simulations in a silicone model traversed by dyed fluid. Results The simulations were in good agreement with the validation measurements (mean deviation 1.64%). The recirculation ranged from 32.1 to 0%. The maximum WSS did not exceed 5.57 Pa. The position and diameter of the return graft show the highest influence on recirculation. A correlation was ascertained between recirculation and WSS. Overall, an inflow jet directed at a vessel wall entails not only high WSS, but also a flow separation and thereby an increased recirculation. Therefore, return grafts aligned to the vena cava are crucial. Conclusion In conclusion, a connection without recirculation could be feasible and therefore provides a promising option for a long-term ECCO2R connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Steuer
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - K Hugenroth
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Beck
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Spillner
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Kopp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Reinartz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Schmitz-Rode
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - U Steinseifer
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Arens
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Chair in Engineering Organ Support Technologies, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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27
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplantation: First Polish Experience. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:2110-2112. [PMID: 32241635 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung transplantation remains the only viable option for patients with end-stage lung diseases. However, due to an insufficient number of lung donors, many potential candidates die without undergoing the procedure. In the cases of some patients, bridges to transplantation can be implemented. One such method is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which, depending on the type, has the ability to replace patients' circulatory and respiratory function. CASE PRESENTATION This case study describes 4 cases of patients, who were successfully bridged to lung transplantation. The first patient developed respiratory failure as a result of acute pulmonary embolisms. His respiratory function was insufficient and he had ECMO implanted for 84 days until he was transplanted. Another patient presented respiratory failure due to massive bleeding, which occurred during transbronchial lung biopsy. Such event led to extensive exacerbation, which resulted in using ECMO as a bridge to recovery at first, but later a bridge to lung transplantation. The patient became a lung graft recipient after 14 days on ECMO. The third patient was a woman who developed severe respiratory failure during the course of the progression of her underlying disease. She was treated with ECMO for 14 days as well, and she also underwent lung transplantation. The fourth patient was qualified for retransplantation. She was bridged to retransplantation via veno-venous ECMO. CONCLUSION ECMO can be used a bridge to lung transplantation for suitable patients even for a long period of time, given that it is maintained in accordance with the guidelines.
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28
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Abstract
Recent studies show improved outcomes in ambulated lung failure patients. Ambulation still remains a challenge in these patients. This necessitates development of more compact and less cumbersome respiratory support specifically designed to be wearable. The Paracorporeal Ambulatory Assist Lung (PAAL) is being designed for providing ambulatory support in lung failure patients during bridge to transplant or recovery. We previously published in vitro and acute in vivo results of the PAAL. This study further evaluates the PAAL for 5 days. Five-day in vivo studies with the PAAL were conducted in 50-60 kg sheep after heparinization (activated clotting time range: 190-250 s) and cannulation with a 27 Fr. Avalon Elite dual-lumen cannula. The animals were able to move freely in a stanchion while device flow, resistance, and hemodynamics were recorded hourly. Oxygenation and hemolysis were measured daily. Platelet activation, blood chemistry, and comprehensive blood counts are reported for preoperatively, on POD 0, and POD 5. Three animals survived for 5 days. No study termination resulted from device failure. One animal was terminated on POD 0 and one animal was terminated at POD 3. The device was operated between 1.93 and 2.15 L/min. Blood left the device 100% oxygenated. Plasma-free hemoglobin ranged 10.8-14.5 mg/dl. CD62-P expression was under 10%. Minimal thrombus was seen in devices at explant. Chronic use of the PAAL in awake sheep is promising based on our study. There were no device-related complications over the study course. This study represents the next step in our pathway to eventual clinical translation.
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Al Saadi T, Sciamanna C, Andrade A, Pauwaa S, Macaluso G, Joshi A, Dia M, Cotts W, Pappas P, Bresticker M, Tatooles A. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in staged combined heart-kidney transplant. J Surg Case Rep 2020; 2020:rjz408. [PMID: 31976068 PMCID: PMC6970342 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjz408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Outside of heart and lung transplantation, only few cases have been reported describing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) use in solid organ transplantation. We present a case of a staged combined heart-kidney transplant in which VA-ECMO was utilized after a complicated orthotopic heart transplantation to successfully complete the subsequent renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Al Saadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago/Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | | | - Ambar Andrade
- Department of Cardiology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Sunil Pauwaa
- Department of Cardiology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Macaluso
- Department of Cardiology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Anjali Joshi
- Department of Cardiology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Muhyaldeen Dia
- Department of Cardiology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - William Cotts
- Department of Cardiology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Patroklos Pappas
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Michael Bresticker
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Antone Tatooles
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
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Hayanga JA, Hayanga HK, Holmes SD, Ren Y, Shigemura N, Badhwar V, Abbas G. Mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation: Closing the gap. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019; 38:1104-1111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Fierro MA, Dunne B, Ranney DN, Daneshmand MA, Haney JC, Klapper JA, Hartwig MG, Bonadonna D, Manning MW, Bartz RR. Perioperative Anesthetic and Transfusion Management of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Case Series of 21 Procedures. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:1855-1862. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tipograf Y, Salna M, Minko E, Grogan EL, Agerstrand C, Sonett J, Brodie D, Bacchetta M. Outcomes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 107:1456-1463. [PMID: 30790550 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to lung transplantation (BTT) has become a critical component of caring for patients with end-stage lung disease. This study examined outcomes of patients who received ECMO as a BTT. METHODS Statistical analysis was performed on data gathered retrospectively from the electronic medical records of adult patients who received ECMO as BTT at Columbia University Medical Center from April 2009 through July 2018. RESULTS A total of 121 adult patients were placed on ECMO as BTT, and 70 patients (59%) were successfully bridged to lung transplantation. Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, unplanned endotracheal intubation, renal replacement therapy, and cerebrovascular accident were identified as independent predictors of unsuccessful BTT. Ambulation was the only independent predictor of successful BTT (odds ratio, 7.579; 95% confidence interval, 2.158 to 26.615; p = 0.002). Among the 64 patients (91%) who survived to hospital discharge, survival was 88% at 1 year and 83% at 3 years. Propensity matching between BTT and non-BTT lung transplant recipients did not show a significant difference in survival (log-rank = 0.53) despite significant differences in the lung allocation score (median, 92.2 [interquartile range, 89.0 to 94.2] vs 49.6 [interquartile range, 40.6 to 72.3], p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS ECMO can be used successfully to bridge patients with end-stage lung disease to lung transplantation. When implemented by an experienced team with adherence to stringent protocols and patient selection, outcomes in BTT patients were comparable to patients who did not receive pretransplant support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Tipograf
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael Salna
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizaveta Minko
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric L Grogan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cara Agerstrand
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Sonett
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Trends in mortality and resource utilization for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the United States: 2008–2014. Surgery 2019; 165:381-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lee JG, Park MS, Jeong SJ, Kim SY, Na S, Kim J, Paik HC. Critical Care before Lung Transplantation. Acute Crit Care 2018; 33:197-205. [PMID: 31723886 PMCID: PMC6849027 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2018.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation is widely accepted as the only viable treatment option for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, the imbalance between the number of suitable donor lungs available and the number of possible candidates often results in intensive care unit (ICU) admission for the latter. In the ICU setting, critical care is essential to keep these patients alive and to successfully bridge to lung transplantation. Proper management in the ICU is also one of the key factors supporting long-term success following transplantation. Critical care includes the provision of respiratory support such as mechanical ventilation (MV) and extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Accordingly, a working knowledge of the common critical care issues related to these unique patients and the early recognition and management of problems that arise before and after transplantation in the ICU setting are crucial for long-term success. In this review, we discuss the management and selection of candidates for lung transplantation as well as existing respiratory support strategies that involve MV and ECLS in the ICU setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Suk Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Jeong
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Yee Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungwon Na
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Chae Paik
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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When the momentum has gone: what will be the role of extracorporeal lung support in the future? Curr Opin Crit Care 2018; 24:23-28. [PMID: 29140963 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been expanding interest in and use of extracorporeal support in respiratory failure concurrent with technological advances and predominantly observational data demonstrating improved outcomes. However, until there is more available data from rigorous, high-quality randomized studies, the future of extracorporeal support remains uncertain. RECENT FINDINGS Outcomes for patients supported with extracorporeal devices continue to show favorable trends. There are several large randomized controlled trials that are in various stages of planning or completion for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which may help clarify the role of this technology for these disease processes, and which stand to have a significant impact on a large proportion of patients with acute respiratory failure. Novel applications of extracorporeal lung support include optimization of donor organ quality through ex-vivo perfusion and extracorporeal cross-circulation, allowing for multimodal therapeutic interventions. SUMMARY Despite the ongoing rise in ECMO use for acute respiratory failure, its true value will not be known until more information is gleaned from prospective randomized controlled trials. Additionally, there are modalities beyond the current considerations for extracorporeal support that have the potential to revolutionize respiratory failure, particularly in the realm of chronic lung disease and lung transplantation.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The applications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for lung support are constantly evolving. This review highlights fundamental concepts in extracorporeal lung support and describes directions for future research. RECENT FINDINGS Since the 1950s, extracorporeal lung support has experienced continuous advancements in circuit design and safety in acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, as a bridge to transplantation, intraoperative cardiopulmonary support, and for transportation to referral centers. Patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are now capable of being awake, extubated, and ambulatory for accelerated recovery or optimization for transplantation. SUMMARY Extracorporeal lung support is a safe and an easily implemented intervention for refractory respiratory failure. Recent advances have extended its use beyond acute illnesses and the developments for chronic support will facilitate the development of durable devices and possible artificial lung development.
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Bailey KL, Downey P, Sanaiha Y, Aguayo E, Seo YJ, Shemin RJ, Benharash P. National trends in volume-outcome relationships for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Surg Res 2018; 231:421-427. [PMID: 30278962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as a common therapy for severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. We aimed to describe the relationship of institutional volume with patient outcomes and examine transfer status to tertiary ECMO centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the National Inpatient Sample, we identified adult patients who received ECMO from 2008 to 2014. Individual hospital volume was calculated as tertiles of total institutional discharges for each year independently. RESULTS Of the total 18,684 adult patients placed on ECMO, 2548 (13.6%), 5278 (28.2%), and 10,858 (58.1%) patients were admitted to low-, medium-, and high-volume centers, respectively. Unadjusted mortality at low-volume hospitals was less than that of medium- (43.7% versus 50.3%, P = 0.03) and high-volume hospitals (43.7% versus 55.6%, P < 0.001). Length of stay and cost were reduced at low-volume hospitals compared to both medium- and large-volume institutions (all P < 0.001). In high-volume institutions, transferred patients had greater postpropensity-matched mortality (58.5% versus 53.7%, P = 0.05) and cost ($190,299 versus $168,970, P = 0.009) compared to direct admissions. On exclusion of transferred patients from propensity analysis, mortality remained greater in high-volume compared to low-volume centers (50.2% versus 42.8%, P = 0.04). Predictors of mortality included treatment at high-volume centers, respiratory failure, and cardiogenic shock (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show increased in-hospital mortality in high-volume institutions and in patients transferred to tertiary centers. Whether this phenomenon represents selection bias or transfer from another facility deserves further investigation and will aid with the identification of surrogate markers for quality of high-risk interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Bailey
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter Downey
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yas Sanaiha
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Esteban Aguayo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Young-Ji Seo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard J Shemin
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Panchabhai TS, Chaddha U, McCurry KR, Bremner RM, Mehta AC. Historical perspectives of lung transplantation: connecting the dots. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:4516-4531. [PMID: 30174905 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.07.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is now a treatment option for many patients with end-stage lung disease. Now 55 years since the first human lung transplant, this is a good time to reflect upon the history of lung transplantation, to recognize major milestones in the field, and to learn from others' unsuccessful transplant experiences. James Hardy was instrumental in developing experimental thoracic transplantation, performing the first human lung transplant in 1963. George Magovern and Adolph Yates carried out the second human lung transplant a few days later. With a combined survival of only 26 days for these first 2 lung transplant recipients, the specialty of lung transplantation clearly had a long way to go. The first "successful" lung transplant, in which the recipient survived for 10.5 months, was reported by Fritz Derom in 1971. Ten years later, Bruce Reitz and colleagues performed the first successful en bloc transplantation of the heart and one lung with a single distal tracheal anastomosis. In 1988, Alexander Patterson performed the first successful double lung transplant. The modern technique of sequential double lung transplantation and anastomosis performed at the mainstem bronchus level was originally described by Henri Metras in 1950, but was not reintroduced into the field until Pasque reported it again in 1990. Since then, lung transplantation has seen landmark changes: evolving immunosuppression regimens, clarifying the definition of primary graft dysfunction (PGD), establishing the lung allocation score (LAS), introducing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to transplant, allowing donation after cardiac death, and implementing ex vivo perfusion, to name a few. This article attempts to connect the historical dots in this field of research, with the hope that our effort helps summarize what has been achieved, and identifies opportunities for future generations of transplant pulmonologists and surgeons alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay S Panchabhai
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Udit Chaddha
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth R McCurry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute
| | - Ross M Bremner
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Atul C Mehta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Chicotka S, Pedroso FE, Agerstrand CL, Rosenzweig EB, Abrams D, Benson T, Layton A, Burkhoff D, Brodie D, Bacchetta MD. Increasing Opportunity for Lung Transplant in Interstitial Lung Disease With Pulmonary Hypertension. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 106:1812-1819. [PMID: 29852149 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to lung transplantation for end-stage interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) has varying results based on ECMO configuration. We compare our experience using venovenous (VV) and venoarterial (VA) ECMO bridge to transplantation for ILD with PH on survival to successful transplantation. METHODS A single-center retrospective review was done of patients with ILD and secondary PH who were placed on either VV or VA ECMO as bridge to transplantation from 2010 to 2016. Comparisons for factors associated with survival to transplantation between VV and VA ECMO strategies were made using Cox proportional hazards model. Subgroup analysis included comparisons of VV ECMO patients who remained on VV or were converted to VA ECMO. RESULTS A total of 50 patients with ILD and PH were treated initially with either VV (n = 19) or VA (n = 31) ECMO as bridge to lung transplantation. Initial VA ECMO had a significantly higher survival to transplantation compared with initial VV ECMO (p = 0.03). Cox proportional hazards modeling showed a 59% reduction in risk of death for VA compared with VV ECMO (hazard reduction 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.18 to 0.92, p = 0.03). Patients converted from VV to VA ECMO had significantly longer survival awaiting transplant than patients who remained on VV ECMO (p = 0.03). Ambulation on ECMO before transplantation was associated with an 80% reduction in the risk of death (hazard reduction 0.20, 95% confidence interval: 0.08 to 0.48, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Venoarterial ECMO upper body configuration for patients with end stage ILD and PH significantly improves overall survival to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Chicotka
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Felipe E Pedroso
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Cara L Agerstrand
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Erika B Rosenzweig
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Darryl Abrams
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Tom Benson
- Department of Physical Therapy, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital Columbia Campus, New York, New York
| | - Aimee Layton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Burkhoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital Columbia Campus, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Matthew D Bacchetta
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
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Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are the only viable treatment options for lung failure patients at the end-stage, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These treatments, however, are associated with high morbidity and mortality because of long wait times for lung transplant. Contemporary clinical literature has shown ambulation improves post-transplant outcomes in lung failure patients. Given this, we are developing the Pittsburgh Ambulatory Assist Lung (PAAL), a truly wearable artificial lung that allows for ambulation. In this study, we targeted 180 ml/min oxygenation and determined the form factor for a hollow fiber membrane (HFM) bundle for the PAAL. Based on a previously published mass transfer correlation, we modeled oxygenation efficiency as a function of fiber bundle diameter. Three benchmark fiber bundles were fabricated to validate the model through in vitro blood gas exchange at blood flow rates from 1 to 4 L/min according to ASTM standards. We used the model to determine a final design, which was characterized in vitro through a gas exchange as well as a hemolysis study at 3.5 L/min. The percent difference between model predictions and experiment for the benchmark bundles ranged from 3% to 17.5% at the flow rates tested. Using the model, we predicted a 1.75 in diameter bundle with 0.65 m surface area would produce 180 ml/min at 3.5 L/min blood flow rate. The oxygenation efficiency was 278 ml/min/m and the Normalized Index of Hemolysis (NIH) was less than 0.05 g/100 L. Future work involves integrating this bundle into the PAAL for which an experimental prototype is under development in our laboratory.
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41
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Hsin MK, Au TWK. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A bridge too far… no more. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 154:e129-e130. [PMID: 28964496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Hsin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tim W K Au
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Extracorporeal life support in lung transplantation has been associated with poor posttransplant outcomes. However, recent advances have resulted in more favorable posttransplant outcomes. The increased use of this technology must be weighed against the risks inherent in its use, especially when complications arising in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-dependent patients result in loss of transplant candidacy, leaving them with no viable alternative for long-term support. Existing and emerging data support the judicious use of this technology in carefully selected patients at high-volume transplant and ECMO centers that prioritize minimization of sedation, avoidance of endotracheal intubation, and early mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Abrams
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH 8E, Room 101, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH 8E, Room 101, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Selim M Arcasoy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH 14E, Room 104, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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43
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Loor G, Simpson L, Parulekar A. Bridging to lung transplantation with extracorporeal circulatory support: when or when not? J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:3352-3361. [PMID: 29221320 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with end-stage lung disease who are candidates for lung transplantation may acutely decompensate before a donor organ becomes available. In this scenario, extracorporeal life support (ECLS) may be considered as a bridge to transplant or as a bridge to decision. In the current chapter, we review the indications, techniques, and outcomes for bridging to lung transplantation with ECLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Loor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leo Simpson
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Transplantation, the Center for Cardiac Support, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amit Parulekar
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, CHI St. Luke's Health-Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Taking Your ECMO With You: Continued Progress Toward an Ambulatory Goal. ASAIO J 2017; 63:521-522. [PMID: 28806183 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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45
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Sher Y, Zimbrean P. Psychiatric Aspects of Organ Transplantation in Critical Care: An Update. Crit Care Clin 2017; 33:659-679. [PMID: 28601140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transplant patients face challenging medical journeys, with many detours to the intensive care unit. Before and after transplantation, they have significant psychological and cognitive comorbidities, which decrease their quality of life and potentially compromise their medical outcomes. Critical care staff are essential in these journeys. Being cognizant of relevant psychosocial and mental health aspects of transplant patients' experiences can help critical care personnel take comprehensive care of these patients. This knowledge can empower them to understand their patients' psychological journeys, recognize patients' mental health needs, provide initial interventions, and recognize need for expert consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelizaveta Sher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, 401 Quarry Road, Suite 2320, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Paula Zimbrean
- Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery (Transplant), Yale New Haven Hospital, 20 York Street, Fitkin 611, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Madhani SP, Frankowski BJ, Burgreen GW, Antaki JF, Kormos R, D'Cunha J, Federspiel WJ. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel integrated wearable artificial lung. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 36:806-811. [PMID: 28359655 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is cumbersome and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We are currently developing the Pittsburgh Ambulatory Assist Lung (PAAL), which is designed to allow for ambulation of lung failure patients during bridge to transplant or recovery. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and acute in vivo performance of the PAAL. METHODS The PAAL features a 1.75-inch-diameter, cylindrical, hollow-fiber membrane (HFM) bundle of stacked sheets, with a surface area of 0.65 m2 integrated with a centrifugal pump. The PAAL was tested on the bench for hydrodynamic performance, gas exchange and hemolysis. It was then tested in 40- to 60-kg adult sheep (n = 4) for 6 hours. The animals were cannulated with an Avalon Elite 27Fr dual-lumen catheter (DLC) inserted through the right external jugular into the superior vena cava (SVC), right atrium (RA) and inferior vena cava (IVC). RESULTS The PAAL pumped >250 mm Hg at 3.5 liters/min at a rotation speed of 2,100 rpm. Oxygenation performance met the target of 180 ml/min at 3.5 liters/min of blood flow in vitro, resulting in a gas-exchange efficiency of 278 ml/min/m2. The normalized index of hemolysis (NIH) for the PAAL and cannula was 0.054 g per 100 liters (n = 2) at 3.5 liters/min, as compared with 0.020 g per 100 liters (n = 2) for controls (DLC cannula and a Centrimag pump). Plasma-free hemoglobin (pfHb) was <20 mg/dl for all animals. Blood left the device 100% oxygenated in vivo and oxygenation reached 181 ml/min at 3.8 liters/min. CONCLUSION The PAAL met in vitro and acute in vivo performance targets. Five-day chronic sheep studies are planned for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalv P Madhani
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian J Frankowski
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Greg W Burgreen
- Computational Fluid Dynamics Group, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jim F Antaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Kormos
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan D'Cunha
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William J Federspiel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Biscotti M, Gannon WD, Agerstrand C, Abrams D, Sonett J, Brodie D, Bacchetta M. Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as Bridge to Lung Transplantation: A 9-Year Experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104:412-419. [PMID: 28242078 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used as a bridge to lung transplantation, but characteristics that influence its success are poorly understood. This large, single-center experience evaluated the implementation and outcomes of ECMO in this setting. METHODS Data were collected for patients at our institution (New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center in New York) who received ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation from January 1, 2007 through July 10, 2016. Data were analyzed for demographics, baseline characteristics, survival, and ECMO configuration. RESULTS Seventy-two patients received ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation. Of the 72 patients, 40 (55.6%) underwent the transplantation procedure, 37 (92.5%) survived to discharge, and 21 (84.0%) survived for 2 years. Inotropy or vasopressor support (70% vs 93.8%; p = 0.011), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (26.8 vs 30.5; p = 0.048), and ambulation (80% vs 56.2%; p = 0.030) were significantly different between the patients who underwent lung transplantation and those who did not. Patients with cystic fibrosis were more likely to have a bridge to transplantation than patients with other lung diseases (47.5% vs 25%; p = 0.050). Daily participation in physical therapy was achieved in 50 patients (69.4%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated favorable survival in patients receiving ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation and achieved high rates of physical therapy and avoidance of mechanical ventilation while ECMO was used in patients awaiting lung transplantation. With more than half of these patients successfully bridged to lung transplantation, we gained insight into the factors influencing patients' outcomes, including patient selection, timing of ECMO, and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauer Biscotti
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Whitney D Gannon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Cara Agerstrand
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Darryl Abrams
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Sonett
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
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Kearns SK, Hernandez OO. "Awake" Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplant. AACN Adv Crit Care 2016; 27:293-300. [PMID: 27959313 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2016792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Mortality of patients awaiting lung transplant remains a significant problem as the number of patients on the waiting list far surpasses the number of donor organs available. Interest in the use of "awake" extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to lung transplant has emerged because this strategy offers several benefits over mechanical ventilation. This article provides a review of relevant literature and discusses indications and complications of awake ECMO therapy, cannulation strategies, and nursing considerations for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Kearns
- Sara K. Kearns is ECMO Specialist, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 . Omar O. Hernandez is ECMO Specialist, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Omar O Hernandez
- Sara K. Kearns is ECMO Specialist, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 . Omar O. Hernandez is ECMO Specialist, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Girgis RE, Khaghani A. A global perspective of lung transplantation: Part 1 - Recipient selection and choice of procedure. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2016; 2016:e201605. [PMID: 29043255 PMCID: PMC5642749 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation has grown considerably in recent years and its availability has spread to an expanding number of countries worldwide. Importantly, survival has also steadily improved, making this an increasingly viable procedure for patients with end-stage lung disease and limited life expectancy. In this first of a series of articles, recipient selection and type of transplant operation are reviewed. Pulmonary fibrotic disorders are now the most indication in the U.S., followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Transplant centers have liberalized criteria to include older and more critically ill candidates. A careful, systematic, multi-disciplinary selection process is critical in identifying potential barriers that may increase risk and optimize long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda E. Girgis
- Richard DeVos Heart and Lung Transplant Program, Spectrum Health,
| | - Asghar Khaghani
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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