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Fisher LWS, Ceesay A, Jallow D, Hawkes SF, Showering A, Kane Y, Doumbia A, Stringer AP, Scantlebury CE. Validation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection and quantification of the nucleic acid of Histoplasma from equine clinical samples. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0310023. [PMID: 38411051 PMCID: PMC10986522 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03100-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (HCF) is a dimorphic fungus that causes epizootic lymphangitis in equids. Current diagnostic approaches, including culture, microscopy, and clinical presentation, lack speed, sensitivity, and specificity when diagnosing clinical cases. In this study, equine blood and pus samples on Whatman FTA cards from Senegal (n = 3), The Gambia (n = 19), Ethiopia (n = 16), and Mali (n = 13) were tested using a real-time PCR (qPCR) protocol. The assay was optimized and tested for its suitability to detect and quantify HCF in blood and pus loaded onto Whatman FTA cards at sampling. Whatman FTA cards were tested for their suitability for use with qPCR and were found to recover DNA more efficiently than from direct extraction. Using TaqMan fluorescent probes and specific primers, the assay demonstrated 100% analytical specificity when detecting multiple strains of Histoplasma and no false positives with off-target organisms. The assay's diagnostic performance was measured against an existing nested internal transcribed spacer PCR protocol using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The test was found to have a diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 71.4%, respectively, when analyzing pus samples using a cycle threshold (Ct) cutoff determined by Youden's index (27.75). Blood sample cutoff Ct value was proposed at 34.55. Further optimization is required to improve the performance of the protocol when applied to blood samples. This study has, for the first time, demonstrated the ability to detect and quantify the DNA of Histoplasma spp. in equine blood and pus samples with a high degree of accuracy, providing a platform to further investigate the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this disease. IMPORTANCE Histoplasmosis is a neglected yet major cause of morbidity and mortality in both equids and people in resource-scarce settings. One of the major hindrances to the control of histoplasmosis is a lack of readily available diagnostic tests. Tests are needed to support clinical decision-making and to be applied in population-based research to further understand this disease in situ. This paper reports, for the first time, the validation and application of a qPCR to detect Histoplasma directly from equine clinical samples, bypassing the need to culture this notoriously difficult organism. We report and comment on the performance of the qPCR in comparison with our previously developed nested PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis W. S. Fisher
- The Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Livestock and One Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Abdou Ceesay
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Abuko, Gambia
| | - Demba Jallow
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Abuko, Gambia
| | - Sophie F. Hawkes
- The Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Livestock and One Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Showering
- The Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Livestock and One Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yaghouba Kane
- Department of Public Health and Environment, Ecole Inter Etats des Sciences et Medecine Veterinaires de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Andrew P. Stringer
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claire E. Scantlebury
- The Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Livestock and One Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Waitt Wolker LH, Black A, Lee JK. Dermatitis, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis caused by Aspergillus nidulans in a horse with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:248-253. [PMID: 38462742 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241226942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical and histologic examination of a 12-y-old client-owned Quarter Horse gelding with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction revealed dermatitis, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis caused by Aspergillus nidulans, confirmed by a PCR assay. This novel presentation of a fungal disease in a horse was characterized by aggressive local invasion and failure to respond to all medical therapy attempted over a 1-y period. Treatments included systemic and topical antifungals, anti-inflammatories, and use of cellular matrices. Surgical excision was not attempted but should be strongly considered early in the disease process in similar cases if clean margins can be achieved. Postmortem findings were of locally aggressive disease with no dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Waitt Wolker
- Departments of Equine Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Health Institute, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Annalise Black
- Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Health Institute, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jung Keun Lee
- Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Health Institute, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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Martins LML. Survey of Sensitization to Common Fungi in an Allergic Dog Population: The Need for Further Focus on Sensitization and Allergy to Fungi in Veterinary Medicine. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1075. [PMID: 37998880 PMCID: PMC10672432 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most fungal species are commensals and non-pathogenic to plants, humans, or animals. However, several species of the Alternaria, Aspergillus, Trichophyton, and Microsporum genera are common causes of disease, even for immunocompetent individuals. Besides mucosal damage, fungi may contribute to a skin barrier impairment, favoring sensitization and allergy development. A total of 68 allergic dogs were selected from a veterinary dermatology and allergy outpatient consultation for conditions related to both Malassezia overgrowth and other fungal complications. The allergy diagnosis was made through anamnesis and current clinical criteria, with the involved allergenic species being identified by intradermal tests (IDTs) and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) determination in serum. Dermatophagoides farinae, Dactylis glomerata, and Malassezia pachydermatis showed as the higher sensitization species from house dust mites, grass pollen, and fungi, respectively. Significant correlations at p < 0.05 were found between sensitization to Dactylis glomerata and Phleum pratense grass pollens, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Lepidoglyphus destructor dust/storage mites, and between fungi like Aspergillus mix and Penicillium or Alternaria alternata. A significant correlation was also found between sensitization to the Aspergillus mix and D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, or A. siro. Rather severe dermatitis was observed when a positive IDT to Malassezia pachydermatis was found, regardless of the detection of circulating sIgE, allowing us to consider the usefulness of both the IDT and the sIgE for a systematic diagnosis of allergy to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Miguel Lourenço Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
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Trápaga MR, Poester VR, Mousquer MA, de Souza RP, Rafael LA, Bonel J, Melo AM, Reis AG, de Faria RO, Stevens DA, Nogueira CEW, Xavier MO. Systemic aspergillosis associated with acute enterocolitis in foals. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101433. [PMID: 37708695 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillosis is an uncommon disease in horses, but it can be fatal. We report two cases of systemic aspergillosis in foals that occurred in a short period in the same region of southern Brazil. In addition, a literature review of similar cases was also performed. Risk factors were attributed to an immunodepression by primary enterocolitis and corticosteroid treatment, the damage in the epithelium, and multiple antibacterial treatments, which allowed local fungal proliferation, tissue invasion and spread of infection, leading to death. Since the antemortem diagnosis of aspergillosis in foals is difficult, our report alerts equine veterinarians regarding the importance of suspecting and investigating fungal co-infections in complicated cases of enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rodrigues Trápaga
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Andrade Mousquer
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Pinto de Souza
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro Américo Rafael
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Josiane Bonel
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Angelita Gomes Reis
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Osorio de Faria
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - David A Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, United States
| | | | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Mo PM, Picard J, Gummow B. The conjunctival fungal microflora of horses in a North Queensland tropical environment and their in vitro susceptibilities to antifungal agents. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1641-1651. [PMID: 37022654 PMCID: PMC10485094 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and part of the commensal microflora on the conjunctiva of equine eyes. North Queensland, being tropical, presents an ideal environment for fungi growth. When the cornea is injured, fungi can invade the corneal stroma, resulting in keratomycosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the fungal species specific to the eyes of horses in the Townsville region; to investigate the potential risk factors associated with the presence of fungi; and to test their susceptibility to antifungals to create an empirical guide for treatment. The eyes of forty ophthalmologically normal horses from James Cook University were sampled throughout the summer months of December 2017, January 2018, and January and February 2020. Cultured fungi were identified morphologically, and their identity confirmed by comparing partial 18sRNA DNA sequences with the NCBI nucleotide database. Minimum inhibitory concentration testing of common antifungal medications was performed. Sixty-one out of eighty conjunctival samples grew fungi, and 21 different fungi genera were isolated. The most common genera were Aspergillus (18%, 26/141), Curvularia (14%,20/141), Rhodotorula (12%,17/141) and Penicillium (12%,17/141). No significant association was found between age or environmental factors and fungal culture status. Most fungi were highly susceptible to voriconazole and ketoconazole but resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B. This adds to the body of evidence on which species of fungi are present as normal ocular microflora of horses living in tropical regions of Australia, and an avenue for treating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu Mo Mo
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline Picard
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce Gummow
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Brys M, Claerebout E, Chiers K. Chronic Progressive Lymphedema in Belgian Draft Horses: Understanding and Managing a Challenging Disease. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050347. [PMID: 37235431 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic progressive lymphedema (CPL) in draft horses is characterized by increased dermal thickness and fibrosis, with the development of skinfolds and nodules, hyperkeratosis, and ulcerations on the distal limbs of affected horses. Secondary bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections frequently complicate and aggravate the lesions, as well as the progression of this disease. CPL has a particularly high prevalence of up to 85.86% in the Belgian draft horse breed. Due to the disease's progressive and incurable nature, affected horses are often euthanized prematurely. The treatment options are solely symptomatic, aimed at improving the horse's quality of life. Despite the severity of this condition, many uncertainties about its etiology and pathogenesis still remain to date. The established scientific research on CPL is rather limited, although there is an urgent need for strategies to tackle this disease. This review summarizes the available knowledge, serving as a guideline for practitioners, and provides perspectives for future research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Brys
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Diagnosis of Aspergillosis in Horses. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020161. [PMID: 36836276 PMCID: PMC9966232 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) may be a rare cause of granulomatous pneumonia in horses. The mortality of IPA is almost 100%; direct diagnostic tools in horses are needed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples were collected from 18 horses, including individuals suffering from IPA (n = 1), equine asthma (EA, n = 12), and 5 healthy controls. Serum samples were collected from another 6 healthy controls. Samples of BALF (n = 18) were analyzed for Aspergillus spp. DNA, fungal galactomannan (GM), ferricrocin (Fc), triacetylfusarinin C (TafC), and gliotoxin (Gtx). Analysis of 24 serum samples for (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) and GM was performed. Median serum BDG levels were 131 pg/mL in controls and 1142 pg/mL in IPA. Similar trends were observed in BALF samples for GM (Area under the Curve (AUC) = 0.941) and DNA (AUC = 0.941). The fungal secondary metabolite Gtx was detected in IPA BALF and lung tissue samples (86 ng/mL and 2.17 ng/mg, AUC = 1).
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Rhimi W, Mendoza-Roldan J, Aneke CI, Mosca A, Otranto D, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Cafarchia C. Role of lizards as reservoirs of pathogenic yeasts of zoonotic concern. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106472. [PMID: 35443196 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Reptiles have become popular exotic pets and in some parts of the world, they are used as important source of food, medicines, and materials. Synanthropic lizards are recognized as reservoirs of viruses, bacteria, and parasites but their role in dissemination of zoonotic pathogenic yeasts in the environment was never investigated. Therefore, fecal samples (n=177) from Podarcis siculus (Italian wall lizard), Chalcides ocellatus (Ocellated skink) and Tarentola mauritanica (Moorish gecko) were collected and yeasts were isolated and identified biochemically and molecularly by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). The phylogenetical relationship of isolated yeast species and their antifungal susceptibility profiles to ten antifungal agents were also assessed. Sixty samples (n=60/177; 33.9%) scored positive for yeasts, with the highest occurrence in C. ocellatus (n=11/17; 64.7%) and the highest variety of species in P. siculus (n=11/12; 91.6%). A total of 364 isolates belonging to Candida, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Geotrichum genera were molecularly identified. In particular, Candida albicans (n=160; 44%) followed by Trichosporon coremiiforme (n=44; 12.1%), Pichia kudriavzevii (n=32; 8.8%) and Trichosporon asahii (n=28; 7.7%) were the most frequently isolated species. The phylogenetic tree grouped all representative sequence types within the clade including Candida spp. strains from different geographical areas and from animal species, including human. All tested strains showed high susceptibility to the assayed antifungal drugs. This study suggests the role of lizards as reservoirs and spreaders of zoonotic pathogenic yeasts in the environment. The absence of resistance phenomena in the isolated yeasts might reflect an environment free of azole antifungal pollution or chemicals, suggesting the usefulness of these animals as bio indicators of environment quality.
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Martins LML. Allergy to Fungi in Veterinary Medicine: Alternaria, Dermatophytes and Malassezia Pay the Bill! J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:235. [PMID: 35330237 PMCID: PMC8951134 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal kingdom comprises ubiquitous forms of life with 1.5 billion years, mostly phytopathogenic and commensals for humans and animals. However, in the presence of immune disorders, fungi may cause disease by intoxicating, infecting or sensitizing with allergy. Species from the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus and Malassezia, as well as dermatophytes from the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton, are the most commonly implicated in veterinary medicine. Alternaria and Malassezia stand as the most commonly associated with either allergy or infection in animals, immediately followed by Aspergillus, while dermatophytes are usually associated with the ringworm skin infection. By aiming at the relevance of fungi in veterinary allergy it was concluded that further research is still needed, especially in the veterinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Miguel Lourenço Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, University of Évora, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
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Mohammed R, Nader SM, Hamza DA, Sabry MA. Horse: a potential source of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:17. [PMID: 34983525 PMCID: PMC8725405 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic mycozoonosis of global significance in a wide variety of host species. In equines, cryptococcosis is uncommon, and sporadic cases have been reported with rhinitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, and meningitis. Cryptococcus spp. represents a potential risk for immunosuppressed and healthy persons. In Egypt, epidemiological data on cryptococcal infection in horses are limited. The current study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of Cryptococcus spp. in horses and its possible role in the epidemiology of such disease in Egypt. A total of 223 samples was collected from different localities in Egypt included 183 nasal swabs from horses, 28 nasal swabs from humans, and 12 soil samples. Bacteriological examination and the identification of Cryptococcus spp. were performed. Molecular serotyping of Cryptococcus spp. was determined by multiplex PCR using CNa-70S/A-CNb-49S/A. The virulence genes (LAC1, CAP59, and PLB1) of the identified isolates were detected by PCR. Moreover, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the C. gattii gene from horses, humans, and soil isolates found nearby were performed. Result The overall occurrence of Cryptococcus spp. in horses were 9.3, 25, and 10.7% in horses, the soil, and humans, respectively. Molecular serotyping of the Cryptococcus spp. isolates recovered from the nasal passages of horses proved that C. gattii (B), C. neoformans, and two hybrids between C. neoformans (A) and C. gattii (B) were identified. Meanwhile, in case of soil samples, the isolates were identified as C. gattii (B). The human isolates were serotyped as C. gattii in two isolates and C. neoformans in only one isolate. Molecular detection of some virulence genes (LAC1), (CAP59), and (PLB1) were identified in both C. gattii and C. neoformans isolates. The C. gattii gene amplicons of the isolates from horses, humans, and the soil were closely related. Conclusion This study provides the first insights into the Egyptian horse ecology of Cryptococcus species and highlights the role of horses as asymptomatic carriers in disseminating the potentially pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. It also presents the possible risk of cryptococcosis infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Mohammed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara M Nader
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Sabry
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Ubiali DG, Pereira AHB, Boabaid FM, Dutra V, Nakazato L, Campos CG, Colodel EM, Pescador CA, Riet-Correa F. Successful potassium iodide treatment for rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep. J Mycol Med 2021; 32:101233. [PMID: 34902797 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pythiosis in sheep is an important disease in Brazil, which could cause rhinitis, dermatitis and alimentary tract inflammation. It is caused by the aquatic oomycete, Pythium insidiosum. The rhinofacial pythiosis causes facial deformity and upper respiratory tract clinical signs associated with necroproliferative masses occupying the rostral nasal cavity and hard palate. Little is known regarding the therapy, prophylaxis and pathogenesis of this disease. METHODOLOGY During the 6-year study, we examined 13 sheep presenting rhinofacial pythiosis. The diagnosis was performed through biopsy of the rhinofacial lesions followed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies against P insidiosum, polymerase chain reaction and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS This study presents the clinical findings of a potassium iodide treatment of rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep. All sheep were treated with 10 ml of 10% potassium iodide solution, administered orally every day during 63-120 (mean 85) days. Among treated sheep, 84.6% demonstrated complete recovery. CONCLUSION Potassium iodide therapy may treat rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Ubiali
- Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-001, Brazil.
| | - Asheley H B Pereira
- Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-001, Brazil
| | - Fabiana M Boabaid
- Centro Universitario de Tacuarembó, Universidad de la República, Ruta 5 Km 386, Tacuarembó, TA 45000, Uruguay
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Microbiology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Microbiology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Camila G Campos
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Edson M Colodel
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Pescador
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Re-discovery of Trichophyton bullosum in North Africa as a cause of severe dermatophytosis in donkeys. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 67:265-275. [PMID: 34761341 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the first verified cases of infection by Trichophyton bullosum in Africa since the description of the fungus, isolated in 1933 from the coat of horses in Tunisia and Mali. We found the fungus in cutaneous samples obtained from donkeys suffering from severe dermatitis with areas of alopecia and scaling in the surroundings of Cairo (Egypt). Fungal elements (arthroconidia and hyphae) were seen at the microscopy of material collected by skin scraping and digested in NaOH. Fungal colonies grown on various culture media were identified through PCR and sequencing of the ITS rDNA region. Since the original report in Africa and the Middle East, only a few cases have been reported thus far in humans in France and two cases in horses in the Czech Republic and Japan. Trichophyton bullosum seems thus an infrequent cause of dermatophytosis. However, the actual prevalence of this pathogen may be underestimated due to the similarity with T. verrucosum, a predominant cause of infection in cattle, occasionally found on horses and donkeys. Indeed, the two fungi can be distinguished only via molecular methods, which are poorly employed in epidemiological studies on equine and bovine dermatophytosis. The present study results add to our knowledge on the ecology of this poorly explored dermatophyte, supporting the concept that equines are the primary hosts of T. bullosum and confirming the presence of this pathogen in Africa. At the same time, these are the first unequivocally documented infections in donkeys due to T. bullosum.
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Hattab J, Vulcano A, D’Arezzo S, Verni F, Tiscar PG, Lanteri G, Gjurcevic E, Tosi U, Marruchella G. Aspergillus Section Fumigati Pneumonia and Oxalate Nephrosis in a Foal. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091087. [PMID: 34578120 PMCID: PMC8471827 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine pulmonary aspergillosis is a rare deep mycosis often due to the hematogenous spread of hyphae after gastrointestinal tract disease. We describe herein the main clinic-pathological findings observed in a foal, which spontaneously died after showing diarrhea and respiratory distress. Necropsy and histopathological investigations allowed to diagnose pulmonary aspergillosis, which likely developed after necrotic typhlitis-colitis. Biomolecular studies identified Aspergillus section Fumigati strain as the causative agent. Notably, severe oxalate nephrosis was concurrently observed. Occasionally, oxalate nephropathy can be a sequela of pulmonary aspergillosis in humans. The present case report suggests that the renal precipitation of oxalates can occur also in horses affected by pulmonary aspergillosis and could likely contribute to the fatal outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Hattab
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.H.); (P.G.T.); (U.T.)
| | - Antonella Vulcano
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Banca Biologica e Cell Factory, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvia D’Arezzo
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Banca Biologica e Cell Factory, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Fabiana Verni
- Veterinary Practitioner, Loc. Convento, 64023 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Pietro Giorgio Tiscar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.H.); (P.G.T.); (U.T.)
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Emil Gjurcevic
- Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Umberto Tosi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.H.); (P.G.T.); (U.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Marruchella
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.H.); (P.G.T.); (U.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-266932
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Pujol R, Tessier C, Manneveau G, De Fourmestraux C. Suspected primary mycotic rhinitis and paranasal sinusitis in seven horses (2013–2019). EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Pujol
- Department of Surgery Equine Clinic ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering Nantes France
| | - C. Tessier
- Department of Surgery Equine Clinic ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering Nantes France
| | - G. Manneveau
- Department of Surgery Equine Clinic ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering Nantes France
- Clinique Équine de Provence Saint‐Cannat France
| | - C. De Fourmestraux
- Department of Surgery Equine Clinic ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering Nantes France
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15
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Kong Q, Liu S, Li A, Wang Y, Zhang L, Iqbal M, Jamil T, Shang Z, Suo LS, Li J. Characterization of fungal microbial diversity in healthy and diarrheal Tibetan piglets. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:204. [PMID: 34217216 PMCID: PMC8254304 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is an important ailment limiting the production of the Tibetan pig industry. Dynamic balance of the intestinal microbiota is important for the physiology of the animal. The objective of this work was to study fungal diversity in the feces of early weaning Tibetan piglets in different health conditions. RESULTS In the present study, we performed high-throughput sequencing to characterize the fungal microbial diversity in healthy, diarrheal and treated Tibetan piglets at the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The four alpha diversity indices (Chao1, ACE, Shannon and Simpson) revealed no significant differences in the richness across the different groups (P > 0.05). In all samples, the predominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Rozellomycota. Moreover, the healthy piglets showed a higher abundance of Ascomycota than the treated ones with a decreased level of Basidiomycota. One phylum (Rozellomycota) showed higher abundance in the diarrheal piglets than in the treated. At genus level, compared with that to the healthy group, the proportion of Derxomyces and Lecanicillium decreased, whereas that of Cortinarius and Kazachstania increased in the diarrheal group. The relative abundances of Derxomyces, Phyllozyma and Hydnum were higher in treated piglets than in the diarrheal ones. CONCLUSIONS A decreased relative abundance of beneficial fungi (e.g. Derxomyces and Lecanicillium) may cause diarrhea in the early-weaned Tibetan piglets. Addition of probiotics into the feed may prevent diarrhea at this stage. This study presented the fungal diversity in healthy, diarrheal and treated early-weaned Tibetan piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China. .,Tibetan Plateau Feed Processing Engineering Research Center, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suozhu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China.,Tibetan Plateau Feed Processing Engineering Research Center, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Jamil
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhenda Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China.,Tibetan Plateau Feed Processing Engineering Research Center, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang-Sizhu Suo
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Watanabe R, Huruta H, Ueno Y, Nukada T, Niwa H, Shinyashiki N, Kano R. Antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes from racehorses in Japan. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:474-e129. [PMID: 34189781 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Luliconazole (LCZ) is an imidazole antifungal medication that exhibits excellent activity against dermatophytes. As a topical cream and lotion (approved for human use), LCZ has demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against human dermatophytoses. OBJECTIVES This is the first study to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates from horse dermatophytoses to LCZ. ANIMALS No animals were used in this study. METHODS AND MATERIALS In the present study, the in vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of dermatophytes to LCZ, clotrimazole (CTZ), miconazole (MCZ) and terbinafine (TRF) were investigated using the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A2 test. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for all 16 clinical isolates of Trichophyton equinum, Microsporum equinum/canis and M. gypseum for LCZ were <0.03 mg/L. The MICs of all isolates were <0.03-0.5 mg/L for CTZ, 0.03-16 mg/L for MCZ and <0.03-1 mg/L for TRF. CONCLUSIONS LCZ demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against clinical isolates from horse dermatophytoses. We consider that LCZ will become the primary antifungal agent for treating horse dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryousuke Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hikaru Huruta
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueno
- Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshio Nukada
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Niwa
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinyashiki
- Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rui Kano
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Molla AM, Fentahun T, Jemberu WT. Estimating the Economic Impact and Assessing Owners' Knowledge and Practices of Epizootic Lymphangitis in Equine Cart Animals in Central and South Gondar Zones, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:673442. [PMID: 34222399 PMCID: PMC8245057 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.673442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic lymphangitis (EL) is a chronic, contagious, fungal disease of equids. The disease is highly prevalent in cart pulling equines of Ethiopia affecting the livelihood of the cart owning households and welfare of the cart animals. This study estimated the economic impacts of EL and assessed cart owners' knowledge and practices related to the disease in northwest Ethiopia. A multistage cluster sampling approach was implemented to select cart animal owners for the study. A total of 274 cart animal owners were interviewed to collect data for the study. The average annual economic loss per cart owner was estimated at Ethiopian Birr (ETB) 8447. Of this loss, the ETB 4364, 2838, and 1245 were due to mortality, working power loss, and treatment costs, respectively. When the loss was computed only for affected car owners, it was on average ETB 9835 per affected cart owner. The average annual animal level loss was estimated at ETB 6587 per cart animal. Mortality was the largest contributor of the overall economic losses. There was a statistically significant difference in average economic losses per household between study towns (P < 0.05). The knowledge and practice study revealed that 51.2% of the respondents had good knowledge level (knowledge score above the mean score) of EL, but only 45.2% of the respondents had a good practice related to EL. A multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that socio-demographic factors such as educational level and town of residence were significantly associated with EL knowledge level of the respondents (P < 0.05), and on the other hand, knowledge level and residence of the respondents were significantly associated with EL practice level (P < 0.05). The study generally indicates that EL causes significant economic impact on the cart business, but cart owners had insufficient knowledge and poor control and preventive practices to combat the disease. Attention should be accorded to control the disease and reduce its impact on the livelihood of cart owners. As part of the control measure, more awareness creation about the disease and its preventive and management measures for cart owners will very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsalu Misgie Molla
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekidela Amba University, Tulu Awulia, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Fentahun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wudu T. Jemberu
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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18
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Stewart HL, Engiles JB, Richardson DW, Levine DG. The clinical and histopathologic effects of potentiated chlorhexidine in the upper respiratory tract of horses. Vet Surg 2021; 50:1209-1217. [PMID: 33974283 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the bactericidal and fungicidal properties of a 0.0005% chlorhexidine (CHD) solution potentiated with EDTA-Tris buffers (CHD-EDTA-Tris) and evaluate the safety of 0.0005% CHD-EDTA-Tris in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of normal horses. STUDY DESIGN Clinical, prospective study. ANIMALS Eight healthy, skeletally mature horses. METHODS In vitro-serial dilutions of CHD-EDTA-Tris and EDTA-Tris alone were evaluated for bactericidal and fungicidal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus equi subspecies ssp. equi, Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vivo-eight healthy horses were topically treated twice with 30 ml of 0.0005% CHD-EDTA-Tris. Mucosal samples from each location were evaluated for the presence of inflammation or pathologic lesions. RESULTS Solutions containing CHD were superior in fungal and bacterial killing to those without. In vitro-a 0.005% CHD-EDTA-Tris was 100% effective against all bacterial and fungal species evaluated, while a 0.0005% CHD-EDTA-Tris was less efficacious against A. fumigatus and S. equi ssp. equi. In vivo-a 0.0005% CHD-EDTA-Tris did not cause any clinical, gross, or histologic abnormalities when topically applied to the equine URT. CONCLUSIONS A 0.0005% CHD-EDTA-Tris was highly effective for killing of common bacterial and fungal isolates in the equine upper respiratory tract. Short-term topical treatment of the equine URT with dilute CHD did not cause gross or histological inflammation in the tissue. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A 0.0005% CHD solution with EDTA-Tris should be considered for treatment of clinically relevant inflammatory or infectious conditions or in the URT of the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Stewart
- Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie B Engiles
- Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dean W Richardson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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Schlemmer SN, Fratzke AP, Ploeg RJ, Whitfield-Cargile C, Arnold C, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Older CE, Jeffery U. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:379-382. [PMID: 33539213 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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KARACAN SEVER N, ÜSTÜN T, OMEROVİC M, ÖNOL M, ZAHİRİ AK, DOĞAN B. Prevalence of dermatophytes isolated from domestic animals in Ankara within a three-year period (2014-2017). MEHMET AKIF ERSOY ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.844656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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21
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Zhang L, Li C, Zhai Y, Feng L, Bai K, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Li T, Li D, Li H, Cui P, Chen D, Wang H, Yang X. Analysis of the vaginal microbiome of giant pandas using metagenomics sequencing. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1131. [PMID: 33205903 PMCID: PMC7755806 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a total of 14 vaginal samples (GPV1‐14) from giant pandas were analyzed. These vaginal samples were divided into two groups as per the region and age of giant pandas. All the vaginal samples were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing. As per the outcomes of metagenomic analysis, Proteobacteria (39.04%), Firmicutes (5.27%), Actinobacteria (2.94%), and Basidiomycota (2.77%) were found to be the dominant phyla in the microbiome of the vaginal samples. At the genus level, Pseudomonas (21.90%) was found to be the most dominant genus, followed by Streptococcus (3.47%), Psychrobacter (1.89%), and Proteus (1.38%). Metastats analysis of the microbial species in the vaginal samples of giant pandas from Wolong Nature Reserve, Dujiangyan and Ningbo Youngor Zoo, and Ya'an Bifengxia Nature Reserve was found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). Age groups, that is, AGE1 (5‐10 years old) and AGE2 (11‐16 years old), also demonstrated significantly different inter‐group microbial species (p < 0.05). For the first time, Chlamydia and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were detected in giant pandas’ reproductive tract. GPV3 vaginal sample (2.63%) showed highest Chlamydia content followed by GPV14 (0.91%), and GPV7 (0.62%). GPV5 vaginal sample (7.17%) showed the highest Neisseria gonorrhoeae content, followed by GPV14 (7.02%), and GPV8 (6.50%). Furthermore, we employed eggNOG, CAZy, KEGG, and NCBI databases to investigate the functional significance of giant panda's vaginal microbial community. The outcomes indicated that giant panda's vaginal microbes were involved in biological processes. The data from this study will help in improving the reproductive health of giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Caiwu Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, PR China
| | - Yaru Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Keke Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, PR China
| | - Ti Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, PR China
| | - Desheng Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Danyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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22
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Zetterström S, Hanson R, Velloso Alvarez A, Caldwell F, Boone L, Schumacher J. Equine conidiobolomycosis: A review and case study. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Zetterström
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - R. Hanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - A. Velloso Alvarez
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - F. Caldwell
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - L. Boone
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - J. Schumacher
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine J. T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
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23
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Sierra-Rodriguez T, Groover ES, Lascola KM, Mora-Pereira M, Lee YH, Duran SH, Ravis WR, Spangler E, Hathcock T, Wooldridge AA. Clinical Feasibility and Airway Deposition of Nebulized Voriconazole in Healthy Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 94:103246. [PMID: 33077094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Voriconazole (VRC) is a potential treatment for pneumomycosis in horses. The objectives of this study were to determine if the delivery of Vfend using a Flexineb nebulizer produced clinically significant [VRC] in lower airways. The hypothesis was that [VRC] after delivery by nebulization would be greater in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid than plasma. A secondary objective was to determine [VRC] in upper airways through the collection of nasopharyngeal wash (NPW) samples. Voriconazole solution [Vfend-6.25 mg/mL, 100 (n = 2), 200 (n = 3), 500 (n = 1) mg] was nebulized once in 6 healthy geldings. Clinical responses, duration of nebulization, and [VRC] at various time points (up to 8 hours) in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) supernatant and cell pellet, and NPW samples were recorded. Voriconazole (Vfend-6.25 mg/mL, 200 mg) was nebulized in 5 additional, healthy geldings, and [VRC] was measured in NPW samples pre- and postnebulization at time points up to 8 hours. The antifungal activity of BALF and NPW samples was determined using agar disk diffusion. Concentrations of voriconazole were below detection in plasma, BALF supernatant, and cell pellets for all time points and doses except the BALF cell pellet (0.4 μg/g) immediately after nebulization of 500 mg. For 5 horses, administered 200 mg of Vfend, mean [VCR] in NPW at the end of nebulization and 1, 6, and 8 hours postnebulization were: 30.8 ± 29, 1.0 ± 0.84, 0.2 ± 0.19, and 0.34 ± 0.67 μg/mL, respectively. Only NPW samples obtained immediately postnebulization showed antifungal activity. A nebulized Vfend solution is not recommended for the treatment of pneumomycosis in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sierra-Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Erin S Groover
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Kara M Lascola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Mariano Mora-Pereira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Yann H Lee
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Sue H Duran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - William R Ravis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Elizabeth Spangler
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Terri Hathcock
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Anne A Wooldridge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL.
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24
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Le Cocq K, Brown B, Hodgson CJ, McFadzean J, Horrocks CA, Lee MRF, Davies DR. Application of monoclonal antibodies in quantifying fungal growth dynamics during aerobic spoilage of silage. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1054-1065. [PMID: 32157814 PMCID: PMC7264882 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of filamentous fungi following ingress of oxygen to silage is an important cause of dry matter losses, resulting in significant waste. In addition, the production of mycotoxins by some filamentous fungi poses a risk to animal health through mycotoxicosis. Quantitative assessment of fungal growth in silage, through measurement of ergosterol content, colony-forming units or temperature increase is limiting in representing fungal growth dynamics during aerobic spoilage due to being deficient in either representing fungal biomass or being able to identify specific genera. Here, we conducted a controlled environment aerobic exposure experiment to test the efficacy of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the proliferation of fungal biomass in six silage samples. We compared this to temperature which has been traditionally deployed in such experiments and on-farm to detect aerobic deterioration. In addition, we quantified ergosterol, a second marker of fungal biomass. After 8 days post-aerobic exposure, the ergosterol and ELISA methods indicated an increase in fungal biomass in one of the samples with a temperature increase observed after 16 days. A comparison of the methods with Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a positive association between temperature and ergosterol and both markers of fungal biomass. This work indicates that the technology has potential to be used as an indicator of microbial degradation in preserved forage. Consequently, if it developed as an on-farm technique, this could inform forage management decisions made by farmers, with the goal of decreasing dry matter losses, improving resource and nutrient efficiency and reducing risks to animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Le Cocq
- Rothamsted ResearchNorth WykeOkehamptonDevonEX20 2SBUK
| | - Bethany Brown
- Rothamsted ResearchNorth WykeOkehamptonDevonEX20 2SBUK
| | | | | | | | - Michael R. F. Lee
- Rothamsted ResearchNorth WykeOkehamptonDevonEX20 2SBUK
- Bristol Veterinary SchoolUniversity of BristolLangfordSomersetBS40 5DUUK
| | - David R. Davies
- Rothamsted ResearchNorth WykeOkehamptonDevonEX20 2SBUK
- Silage Solutions Ltd. Bwlch y BlaenPontrhdygroesYstrad MeurigCeredigionSY25 6DPUK
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25
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Shell K, Rijkenhuizen A. Extensive and invasive guttural pouch granuloma in a 2‐year‐old gelding. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Shell
- Pferdeklinik Leichlingen GmbH Leichlingen Germany
| | - A. Rijkenhuizen
- Veterinary Clinic Duurstede Wijk bij Duurstede The Netherlands
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Cadoré J, Guillot J, Bourdoiseau G, Leroux C. Guttural pouch diseases in horses: A challenging differential diagnosis. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.‐L. Cadoré
- Université de Lyon Veterinary Campus of Lyon Equine department Marcy l'Étoile France
| | - J. Guillot
- EA Dynamyc EnvA UPEC École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort Maisons‐Alfort France
| | - G. Bourdoiseau
- Université de Lyon Veterinary Campus of Lyon Equine department Marcy l'Étoile France
| | - C. Leroux
- INRA EPHE, IVPC, Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology UMR754 Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
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Rare Generalized Form of Fungal Dermatitis in a Horse: Case Report. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050871. [PMID: 32429596 PMCID: PMC7278430 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The study describes a rare case of generalized Geotrichum SPP dermatitis in a horse. A saddle horse showed well-circumscribed areas of non-pruritic alopecia and the owner, suspecting allergic skin disease, commenced a three-week course of corticosteroids. Clinical signs progressed and a veterinarian was called. At veterinary examination, the horse was lethargic and pyretic with easily epilated hairs and hind limb swelling. Diagnostic procedures included collection and analyses of blood, hair and skin cytology, and biopsy. Geotrichum candidum was isolated and the horse was successfully treated with an antifungal solution and antioxidants. This study may be useful for owners and veterinarians because it describes in detail clinical signs, diagnostic procedures, and treatment of a rare case of generalized Geotrichum infection. Abstract A rare case of Geotrichum spp. dermatitis in a horse is presented. After unrelated, previous surgery and antibiotic treatment, a saddle horse showed well-circumscribed areas of non-pruritic alopecia. Suspecting allergic skin disease, the horse was treated with corticosteroids. The skin lesion spread, and a second veterinarian was consulted. At clinical examination, the horse was lethargic, pyretic and hair was shedding/easily epilated over the head, neck, shoulders, and legs and the hind legs were swollen. Blood analysis revealed mild leucocytosis and hyperglobulinemia. Hair, skin scraping, and skin biopsy ruled out parasites and bacteria; cytology identified yeast-like structures with hyphae or pseudohyphae. Geotrichum candidum was isolated on culture. Treatment consisted of stable disinfection, topical application of an antifungal solution, vitamins C and E supplementation and allowing the horse to graze in sunlight for at least 6 h/day. At 3-weeks follow-up, the horse had gained weight, alopecia was decreased, and all other clinical parameters were normal. Antifungal treatment was continued twice a week for three months. This study suggests Geotrichum candidum may cause skin lesions in horses after long-term use of corticosteroids or antibiotics. To avoid unnecessary and prolonged suffering in cases of dermatitis, veterinarians should be promptly consulted, appropriate diagnostic procedures conducted, so that a definitive diagnosis can be reached, and an appropriate treatment regimen implemented.
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Yolanda H, Krajaejun T. Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03737. [PMID: 32322727 PMCID: PMC7160450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the oomycete microorganism Pythium insidiosum. The disease has been increasingly diagnosed worldwide. P. insidiosum inhabits freshwater and presents in two forms: mycelium and zoospore. Clinical manifestations of pythiosis include an infection of the artery, eye, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. The management of pythiosis is problematic due to the lack of effective treatment. Many patients die from an uncontrolled infection. The drug susceptibility testing provides clinically-useful information that could lead to proper drug selection against P. insidiosum. Currently, no standard CLSI protocol for the drug susceptibility of P. insidiosum is available. This review aims at describing methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against P. insidiosum. Several in-house in vitro susceptibility methods (i.e., broth microdilution method, radial growth method, and agar diffusion method) have been established for P. insidiosum. Either mycelium or zoospore can be an inoculum. Rabbit is the commonly-used model of pythiosis for in vivo drug susceptibility testing. Based on the susceptibility results (i.e., minimal inhibitory concentration and inhibition zone), several antibacterial and antifungal drugs, alone or combination, exhibited an in vitro or in vivo effect against P. insidiosum. Some distinct compounds, antiseptic agents, essential oils, and plant extracts, also show anti-P. insidiosum activities. Successfully medical treatment, guided by the drug susceptibility data, has been reported in some pythiosis patients. Future studies should emphasize finding a novel and effective anti-P. insidiosum drug, standardizing in vitro susceptibility method and correlating drug susceptibility data and clinical outcome of pythiosis patients for a better interpretation of the susceptibility results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Yolanda
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Theerapong Krajaejun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Busato E, Meirelles J, Castro M, Abreu A, Sousa R, Brum J, Dornbusch P. Aspergilose sistêmica em um cavalo - relato de caso. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O presente trabalho relata o caso de aspergilose sistêmica em um cavalo da raça Quarto de Milha. O animal apresentava quadro de emagrecimento progressivo e alopecia. Os parâmetros avaliados durante o exame clínico encontravam-se de acordo com os valores normais para a espécie. No hemograma verificou-se leucocitose por neutrofilia, sem desvio à esquerda, proteínas plasmáticas totais elevadas e aumento do fibrinogênio, indicando um processo inflamatório acompanhado de desidratação. Os exames bioquímicos séricos demonstraram aumento no valor da ureia. Apesar dos exames realizados e da terapia instituída com antibióticos de amplo espectro e suporte nutricional, após 51 dias de internamento o quadro clínico evoluiu para caquexia e decúbito permanente do paciente, o qual foi submetido à eutanásia seguida de necropsia. Com base nos achados nos exames necroscópico e histopatológico, diagnosticou-se infecção sistêmica por Aspergillus sp., acometendo pulmões, fígado, rins, peritônio parietal e encéfalo. Dentre os fatores predisponentes à relatada infecção fúngica sistêmica, destaca-se o status imunológico debilitado do paciente, possivelmente proporcionado por tratamentos prolongados com antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios esteroidais. O presente trabalho relata o primeiro caso descrito de arpergilose sistêmica no Brasil. O diagnóstico definitivo só foi possível após necropsia e histopatologia, visto que os sinais clínicos inespecíficos não foram determinantes para o diagnóstico em vida.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J.S. Brum
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
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30
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Orellana-Guerrero D, Renaudin C, Edwards L, Rose E, Aleman M, Moore PF, Dujovne G. Fungal Placentitis Caused by Aspergillus terreus in a Mare: Case Report. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 83:102799. [PMID: 31791522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Placentitis has been reported as the most important cause of equine abortions, stillbirths, and perinatal deaths in horses. Most cases are caused by bacteria and less commonly by fungal elements. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical presentation of a fungal placentitis caused by Aspergillus terrerus. A 5-year-old thoroughbred maiden mare at the 217th day of gestation presented with some classic signs of placentitis (premature udder development and milk dripping). All ultrasonographic findings were consistent with a live fetus and a severe placentitis. On vaginal examination, purulent discharge was found coming from the external cervical os. Samples sent for culture yielded very small numbers of mixed growth including Enterococcus faecalis (by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer), Streptococcus viridans, and Aspergillus terreus, and polymerase chain reaction was positive for Aspergillus terreus and Pseudomonas. The mare was placed on broad-spectrum antimicrobials, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, and hormonal and antifungal treatment. The fetus kept on developing and growing despite the placentitis for 14 days until the demise of the fetus in utero occurred. Aspergillus terreus was isolated from the chorionic surface but not from the fetus. Fungal placentitis is not very commonly found in mares. The extent of the placental lesions and the severity of the placentitis contributed to the death of the fetus. This is one of the few case reports available describing fungal placentitis. Aspergillus terreus has not been previously reported as a cause of placentitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Orellana-Guerrero
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA
| | - Catherine Renaudin
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA
| | - Lisa Edwards
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA
| | - Elizabeth Rose
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA
| | - Monica Aleman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Ghislaine Dujovne
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.
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31
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Daniel AJ, Thachil A, Savory‐Davis M. Severe cryptococcal granulomas of the nasopharynx in a horse treated with standing endoscopic laser surgery and oral fluconazole. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Thachil
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Services Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center Ithaca New York USA
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Wallace MA. Treatment of mycotic tracheitis in a horse with fluconazole and systemic iodine. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Wallace
- Carolina Equine Hospital Browns Summit North Carolina USA
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33
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Shukla AK. Emerging Infectious Diseases Caused by Fungi in Animals and Their Prevention. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18586-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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More SN, Hernandez O, Castleman WL. Mycotic Rhinitis and Sinusitis in Florida Horses. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:586-598. [PMID: 30558508 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818817046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhinitis and sinusitis caused by fungal pathogens were studied in biopsy samples submitted from 52 horses distributed throughout subtropical and tropical regions of Florida. Methods included routine histopathology as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with panfungal/panoomycete primers and DNA sequencing on extracted DNA (DNA barcoding). Granulomatous, pyogranulomatous, and fibrinopurulent lesions in nasal and sinus mucosa were associated with signs of upper airway obstruction and noise as well as nasal discharge. Morphologic and histochemical assessment of cases identified 31 cases of zygomycosis/pythiosis plus 1 mixed infection case, 16 cases of phaeohyphomycosis with 2 additional mixed infection cases, and 3 cases caused by other fungi. Morphologic evidence of Aspergillus sp. infection as a superficial copathogen was found in 2 of the mixed fungal infection cases. PCR and DNA sequencing facilitated identification of fungal pathogens in 11 of 52 cases (21%). No evidence of oomycete infection was found. Histomorphologic features of previously unrecognized forms of equine rhinitis/sinusitis were described, including those caused by Flavodon flavus, Curvularia lunata, Exserohilum rostrata, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria sp., Cladophialophora bantiana, Fusarium solani, and Toxicocladosporium irritans. PCR and DNA sequencing using panfungal and oomycete primers with DNA from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens successfully identified the pathogen in phaeohyphomycosis (7/18 cases, 39%), zygomycosis/pythiosis (1/32 cases, 3%), and other nonpigmented fungal infections (3/3 cases, 100%). Zygomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis were the most common forms of fungal rhinitis found in Florida horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Nivrutti More
- 1 Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oscar Hernandez
- 1 Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - William L Castleman
- 1 Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Savelieff MG, Pappalardo L, Azmanis P. The current status of avian aspergillosis diagnoses: Veterinary practice to novel research avenues. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:342-362. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Pappalardo
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences; American University of Sharjah; Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Panagiotis Azmanis
- Dubai Falcon Hospital/Wadi Al Safa Wildlife Center; Dubai United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
Abstract
Cementoblastoma is a rare, benign, expansive and slow-growing, mesenchymal odontogenic tumor. An eight year-old, Purebred Spanish Horse stallion with clinical history of chronic, refractory to treatment unilateral rhinitis and radiologic evidence of a radiopaque mass at the second premolar tooth root underwent intraoral surgery for tooth and mass extraction. The owner did not want to bear the cost of the histopathologic study and the samples were left unattended in a sterile recipient without a fixative solution for six years. Grossly the mass showed a hard consistence, greyish-whitish color and an irregular surface. Histologically, the mass consisted of an abundant deposit of eosinophilic cementum-like organic matrix with frequent basophilic reversal lines and heterogeneous distribution of empty lacunae. Surrounded by this organic matrix there were numerous fungal hyphae positive for Aspergillus fumigatus immunostaining. The final diagnosis was maxillary cementoblastoma with secondary aspergillosis. High-quality information has been obtained from long-time non-fixed tissues.
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Oladele RO, Ayanlowo OO, Richardson MD, Denning DW. Histoplasmosis in Africa: An emerging or a neglected disease? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006046. [PMID: 29346384 PMCID: PMC5773084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis in Africa has markedly increased since the advent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic but is under-recognised. Pulmonary histoplasmosis may be misdiagnosed as tuberculosis (TB). In the last six decades (1952-2017), 470 cases of histoplasmosis have been reported. HIV-infected patients accounted for 38% (178) of the cases. West Africa had the highest number of recorded cases with 179; the majority (162 cases) were caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. dubuosii (Hcd). From the Southern African region, 150 cases have been reported, and the majority (119) were caused by H. capsulatum var. capsulatum (Hcc). There have been 12 histoplasmin skin test surveys with rates of 0% to 35% positivity. Most cases of Hcd presented as localised lesions in immunocompetent persons; however, it was disseminated in AIDS patients. Rapid diagnosis of histoplasmosis in Africa is only currently possible using microscopy; antigen testing and PCR are not available in most of Africa. Treatment requires amphotericin B and itraconazole, both of which are not licensed or available in several parts of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita O. Oladele
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Olusola O. Ayanlowo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Malcolm D. Richardson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Denning
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, Geneva, Switzerland
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38
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Hines MT. Clinical Approach to Commonly Encountered Problems. EQUINE INTERNAL MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7158300 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-44329-6.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ma X, Li C, Hou J, Gu Y. Isolation and identification of culturable fungi from the genitals and semen of healthy giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:344. [PMID: 29157237 PMCID: PMC5697420 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to better understand the possible role of fungi in giant panda reproduction and overall health, it is important to provide a baseline for the normal fungal composition in the reproductive system. Using morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis, we systematically isolated and identified fungal species from the vagina, foreskin, and semen of 21 (11 males and 10 females) healthy giant pandas to understand the normal fungal flora of the genital tracts. RESULTS A total of 76 fungal strains were obtained, representing 42 genera and 60 species. Among them 47 fungal strains were obtained from vaginal samples, 24 from foreskins, and 5 from semen samples. Several fungal strains were isolated from more than one sample. More fungal species were isolated from females from males. The predominant genera were Aspergillus, Trichosporon, and Penicillium, followed by Candida, Cladosporium, Sordariomycetes, and Diaporthe. The average number of strains in the female vagina was significantly higher than in the foreskin and semen of male. CONCLUSIONS A total of 60 fungal species (belonging to 42 genera) were identified in the giant panda's genital tract. Some of the species were commonly shared in both males and females. These findings provide novel information on the fungal community in the reproductive tracts of giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changcheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiafa Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Wotman KL, Johnson AL. Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease in the Horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2017; 33:563-582. [PMID: 29103562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many systemic diseases have ocular manifestations. In some cases, ocular abnormalities are the most obvious or first recognized sign of disease that prompts veterinary evaluation. In other cases, the systemic disease leads to secondary ocular changes that might lead to loss of vision or globe if not addressed. Therefore, recognition of ocular abnormalities that might result from systemic diseases is an essential skill for the equine practitioner. This article provides practitioners with information regarding the most common systemic diseases of horses in North America that have ocular manifestations, organized by ocular signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Wotman
- Comparative Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678, USA.
| | - Amy L Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
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Randleff-Rasmussen PK, Mosca M, Knoerr F, Pin D, Desjardins I. Successful medical treatment of an Aspergillus terreus mycetoma of the nostril/lip in a 16-year-old Fjord pony gelding with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:629-e155. [PMID: 28736852 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycetoma is a chronic, proliferative lesion of cutaneous/subcutaneous tissue characterized by draining tracts and granules in the discharge caused by actinomycetes (actinomycetoma) or filamentous fungi (eumycotic mycetoma). OBJECTIVES This case report describes the unusual finding of a cutaneous mycetoma of the lateral wing of the right nostril in a gelding. ANIMAL A 16-year-old Fjord gelding with suspected pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) was presented for evaluation of a nonpainful, firm and raised mass involving the lateral wing of the right nostril and the lip. METHODS AND RESULTS Cytological examination of the mass showed marked pyogranulomatous inflammation and histopathological examination revealed a fungal mycetoma. Fungal culture identified the causative organism as Aspergillus terreus, which is not known for its propensity to cause either dermal granulomas or mycetoma in domestic animals. Further investigation, including a TRH stimulation test, led to a diagnosis of PPID (Cushing's disease), which may have led to immunosuppression of the animal and increased susceptibility to infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The horse was treated medically with pergolide for the PPID and oral potassium iodide for the fungal infection, with good therapeutic response and no relapse after five months. Surgical debridement or excision was not performed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of a cutaneous mycetoma caused by A. terreus in a horse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Mosca
- VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, University of Lyon, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Frédéric Knoerr
- Cabinet Vétérinaire du Vallon, 465 route de la Merlanchonnière, 42740, St Paul en Jarez, France
| | - Didier Pin
- VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, University of Lyon, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Isabelle Desjardins
- VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, University of Lyon, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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González-Medina S, Dukes J, Rasotto R, Szekely A, Borman AM. Facial cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis associated withAlternaria infectoriaeinfection. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Dukes
- Dukes Vet Practice Ltd.; Banchory Aberdeenshire UK
| | - R. Rasotto
- Animal Health Trust; Newmarket Suffolk UK
| | - A. Szekely
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory; Public Health England; Bristol UK
| | - A. M. Borman
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory; Public Health England; Bristol UK
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Rhimi W, Ben Salem I, Immediato D, Saidi M, Boulila A, Cafarchia C. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Crude Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter Leaf Extracts. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22070942. [PMID: 28665341 PMCID: PMC6151983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small amount of data regarding the antifungal activity of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter against dermatophytes, Malassezia spp. and Aspergillus spp., associated with the few comparative studies on the antimicrobial activity of methanolic, ethanolic, and butanolic extracts underpins the study herein presented. The total condensed tannin (TCT), phenol (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and caffeoylquinic acid (CQC) content of methanol, butanol, and ethanol (80% and 100%) extracts of D. viscosa were assessed and their bactericidal and fungicidal activities were evaluated. The antibacterial, anti-Candida and anti-Malassezia activities were evaluated by using the disk diffusion method, whereas the anti-Microsporum canis and anti-Aspergillus fumigatus activities were assessed by studying the toxicity effect of the extracts on vegetative growth, sporulation and germination. The methanolic extract contained the highest TPC and CQC content. It contains several phytochemicals mainly caffeoylquinic acid derivatives as determined by liquid chromatography with photodiode array and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric detection (LC/PDA/ESI-MS) analysis. All extracts showed an excellent inhibitory effect against bacteria and Candida spp., whereas methanolic extract exhibited the highest antifungal activities against Malassezia spp., M. canis and A. fumigatus strains. The results clearly showed that all extracts, in particular the methanolic extract, might be excellent antimicrobial drugs for treating infections that are life threatening (i.e., Malassezia) or infections that require mandatory treatments (i.e., M. canis or A. fumigatus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Rhimi
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technolog, National Centre of Nuclear Science and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Issam Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technolog, National Centre of Nuclear Science and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Davide Immediato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Mouldi Saidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technolog, National Centre of Nuclear Science and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Abdennacer Boulila
- Laboratory of Natural Substances LR10INRAP02, National Institute of Research and Physico-chemical Analyses, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
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Development and Evaluation of a Molecular Diagnostic Method for Rapid Detection of Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum, the Causative Agent of Epizootic Lymphangitis, in Equine Clinical Samples. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2990-2999. [PMID: 27707938 PMCID: PMC5121390 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00896-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum, the causative agent of epizootic lymphangitis (EZL), is endemic in parts of Africa. Diagnosis based on clinical signs and microscopy lacks specificity and is a barrier to further understanding this neglected disease. Here, a nested PCR method targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA operon was validated for application to equine clinical samples. Twenty-nine horses with signs of EZL from different climatic regions of Ethiopia were clinically examined. Blood samples and aspirates of pus from cutaneous nodules were taken, along with blood from a further 20 horses with no cutaneous EZL lesions. Among the 29 horses with suspected cases of EZL, H. capsulatum var. farciminosum was confirmed by extraction of DNA from pus and blood samples from 25 and 17 horses, respectively. Positive PCR results were also obtained with heat-inactivated pus (24 horses) and blood (23 horses) spotted onto Whatman FTA cards. Two positive results were obtained among blood samples from 20 horses that did not exhibit clinical signs of EZL. These are the first reports of the direct detection of H. capsulatum var. farciminosum in equine blood and at high frequency among horses exhibiting cutaneous lesions. The nested PCR outperformed conventional microscopic diagnosis, as characteristic yeast cells could be observed only in 14 pus samples. The presence of H. capsulatum var. farciminosum DNA was confirmed by sequencing the cloned PCR products, and while alignment of the ITS amplicons showed very little sequence variation, there was preliminary single nucleotide polymorphism-based evidence for the existence of two subgroups of H. capsulatum var. farciminosum. This molecular diagnostic method now permits investigation of the epidemiology of EZL.
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Tartor YH, El Damaty HM, Mahmmod YS. Diagnostic performance of molecular and conventional methods for identification of dermatophyte species from clinically infected Arabian horses in Egypt. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:401-e102. [PMID: 27549079 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid and accurate identification of dermatophytes is crucial for the effective control of disease outbreaks. Current methods based on culture and microscopic characteristics may require weeks before positive identification is made. OBJECTIVES To (i) identify the most common pathogenic dermatophytes affecting Arabian horses; (ii) compare the performance of direct microscopy (DM), culture, PCR using hair samples (PCRhair ) and PCR based on culture isolates (PCRculture ) for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. METHODS Samples of hair and crusts of skin lesions from Arabian horses were collected on a monthly basis by scraping skin of affected horses. Samples were divided into three portions: the first portion was used for microscopic examination, the second for culture and the third portion for PCR amplification of intergenic spacer (ITS) regions. RESULTS Out of 200 horses examined, 70 (35%) showed cutaneous lesions characteristic of dermatophytosis. DM revealed that 70.4% were positive for fungal elements and 85.7% were culture positive. The identified species were Microsporum canis, Trichophyton verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes and M. equinum. Among 25 selected samples, 64, 92, 91.3 and 52% were positive for dermatophytes, as determined by DM, culture, PCRculture and PCRhair , respectively. CONCLUSIONS The dermatophytes M. canis, T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes and M. equinum were the most common cause of dermatophytosis in Arabian horses. Although the number of samples was small, the ITS-based PCR may be a useful diagnostic tool when combined with culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine H Tartor
- Departments of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Damaty
- Departments of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt
| | - Yasser S Mahmmod
- Departments of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt. ,
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Maurice MN, Kazeem HM, Kwanashie CN, Maurice NA, Ngbede EO, Adamu HN, Mshelia WP, Edeh RE. Equine Dermatophytosis: A Survey of Its Occurrence and Species Distribution among Horses in Kaduna State, Nigeria. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:6280646. [PMID: 27340592 PMCID: PMC4908246 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6280646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the occurrence and species distribution of dermatophyte from cutaneous skin lesions of horses in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 102 skin scrapings were collected from 102 horses with skin lesions. Mycological studies were carried out using conventional techniques. Dermatophytes were isolated from 18 (17.6%) of the 102 samples collected. The 18 dermatophytes were distributed into 10 different species belonging to Microsporum (n = 5) and Trichophyton (n = 5) genera. T. verrucosum (n = 4) was the most predominant species isolated followed by M. equinum (n = 3), T. vanbreuseghemii (n = 2), M. gypseum (n = 2), and M. canis (n = 2). Others include M. fulvum (n = 2), T. mentagrophytes (n = 1), T. equinum (n = 1), T. soudanense (n = 1), and M. gallinae (n = 1). The present study reveals the occurrence of dermatophytes in cutaneous skin lesions of horses in Kaduna State, Nigeria. In addition for the first time in this environment the anthropophilic dermatophyte T. soudanense was isolated from horses. These findings have great economic, veterinary, and public health significance as they relate to the cost of treatment and dissemination of zoonotic dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene N. Maurice
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Haruna M. Kazeem
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Clara N. Kwanashie
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Nanven A. Maurice
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Department of Diagnostics and Extension, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel O. Ngbede
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, PMB 2373, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Helen N. Adamu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, PMB 5017, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Wayuta P. Mshelia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Richard E. Edeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Brilhante RSN, Bittencourt PV, Lima RAC, Castelo-Branco D, Oliveira JS, Pinheiro A, Cordeiro R, Camargo ZP, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Coccidioidomycosis and Histoplasmosis in Equines: An Overview to Support the Accurate Diagnosis. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Almuzaini AM, Osman SA, Saeed EM. An outbreak of dermatophytosis in camels ( Camelus dromedaríus) at Qassim Region, Central of Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1021806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Lyskova P, Hubka V, Petricakova A, Dobias R, Cmokova A, Kolarik M. Equine Dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton bullosum, a Poorly Known Zoophilic Dermatophyte Masquerading as T. verrucosum. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:407-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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