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Ismail EA, El-Sakka AI. An overview of conventional and investigational phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for treating erectile dysfunction and other conditions. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39096237 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2388569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a rising concern about developing innovative, efficacious PDE5I molecules that provide better safety, efficacy, and tolerability with less adverse effects. Innovative PDE5I with dual targets have also been defined in the literature. Additionally, some of PDE5I are able to selectively inhibit other enzymes such as histone deacetylase, acetylcholine esterase, and cyclooxygenase or act as nitric oxide donors. This review presents knowledge concerning the advanced trends and perspectives in using PDE5I in treatment of ED and other conditions. AREAS COVERED Pre-clinical and early clinical trials that investigated the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of novel PDE5I such as Udenafil, Mirodenafil, Lodenafil, Youkenafil, Celecoxib, and TPN729 in treatment of ED and other conditions. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical and limited early clinical studies of the new molecules of PDE5I have demonstrated encouraging results; however, safety, efficacy, and tolerability are still issues that necessitate further long-term multicenter clinical studies to ensure justification of their uses in treatment of ED and other conditions. Progress in molecular delivery techniques and tailored patient-specific management and additional therapeutic technology will dramatically improve care for ED and other conditions. The dream of ED and many other conditions becoming more effectively managed may be feasible in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat A Ismail
- Department of Urology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Jibril TI, Alzoubi KH, Mhaidat NM, Khabour OF, Alqudah MA, Rababa’h AM, Alrabadi N, Al-udatt D. Sildenafil prevents chronic psychosocial stress-induced working memory impairment: Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100182. [PMID: 38706525 PMCID: PMC11067328 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Psychosocial stress, a common feature in modern societies, impairs cognitive functions. It is suggested that stress hormones and elevated excitatory amino acids during stress are responsible for stress-induced cognitive deficits. Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, increased oxidative stress, and alteration of synaptic plasticity biomarkers are also possible contributors to the negative impact of stress on learning and memory. Sildenafil citrate is a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor and the first oral therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It has been shown that sildenafil improves learning and memory and possesses antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that administering sildenafil to stressed rats prevents the cognitive deficit induced by chronic psychosocial stress. Methods Psychosocial stress was generated using the intruder model. Sildenafil 3 mg/kg/day was administered intraperitoneally to animals. Behavioral studies were conducted to test spatial learning and memory using the radial arm water maze. Then, the hippocampal BDNF level and several antioxidant markers were assessed. Results This study revealed that chronic psychosocial stress impaired short-term but not long-term memory. The administration of sildenafil prevented this short-term memory impairment. Chronic psychosocial stress markedly reduced the level of hippocampal BDNF (P˂0.05), and this reduction in BDNF was normalized by sildenafil treatment. In addition, neither chronic psychosocial stress nor sildenafil significantly altered the activity of measured oxidative parameters (P > 0.05). Conclusion Chronic psychosocial stress induces short-term memory impairment. The administration of sildenafil citrate prevented this impairment, possibly by normalizing the level of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq I. Jibril
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nizar M. Mhaidat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A.Y. Alqudah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abeer M. Rababa’h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Doaa Al-udatt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Ahmad F, Karan A, Sharma R, Sharma NS, Sundar V, Jayaraj R, Mukherjee S, DeCoster MA. Evolving therapeutic interventions for the management and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102229. [PMID: 38364913 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients experience diverse symptoms, including memory loss, cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities, mood changes, and mental issues. The fundamental objective of this review is to discuss novel therapeutic approaches, with special emphasis on recently approved marketed formulations for the treatment of AD, especially Aducanumab, the first FDA approved moiety that surpasses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reduces amyloid plaques in the brain, thereby reducing associated cognitive decline. However, it is still in the phase IV trial and is to be completed by 2030. Other drugs such as lecanemab are also under clinical trial and has recently been approved by the FDA and is also discussed here. In this review, we also focus on active and passive immunotherapy for AD as well as several vaccines, such as amyloid-beta epitope-based vaccines, amyloid-beta DNA vaccines, and stem cell therapy for AD, which are in clinical trials. Furthermore, ongoing pre-clinical trials associated with AD and other novel strategies such as curcumin-loaded nanoparticles, Crispr/ cas9, precision medicine, as well as some emerging therapies like anti-sense therapy are also highlighted. Additionally, we discuss some off-labeled drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), anti-diabetic drugs, and lithium, which can manage symptoms of AD and different non-pharmacological approaches are also covered which can help to manage AD. In summary, we have tried to cover all the therapeutic interventions which are available for the treatment and management of AD under sections approved, clinical phase, pre-clinical phase or futuristic interventions, off-labelled drugs, and non-pharmacological interventions for AD, offering positive findings and well as challenges that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi, India
| | - Anik Karan
- Department of Mechanical and Bioengineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Rashi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana, Delhi, India
| | - Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Sundar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Richard Jayaraj
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mark A DeCoster
- Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA; Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Micromanufacturing, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
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4
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Andrade VHBD, M Rodrigues EY, Dias NAF, Ferreira GFC, Carvalho DBD, das Neves AR, Coronel PMV, Yonekawa MKA, Parisotto EB, Santos EAD, Souza AS, Paredes-Gamero EJ, de Sousa KS, Souza LLD, Resstel LBM, Baroni ACM, Lagatta DC. Neuroprotective Profile of Triazole Grandisin Analogue against Amyloid-Beta Oligomer-Induced Cognitive Impairment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4298-4310. [PMID: 38048522 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by accumulation of amyloid-β oligomers (AβO) in the brain, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cognitive decline. Grandisin, a tetrahydrofuran neolignan, exhibits relevant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Interestingly, grandisin-based compounds were shown to prevent AβO-induced neuronal death in vitro. However, no study has assessed the effect of these compounds on the AD animal model. This study focuses on a triazole grandisin analogue (TGA) synthesized using simplification and bioisosteric drug design, which resulted in improved potency and solubility compared with the parent compound. This study aimed to investigate the possible in vivo effects of TGA against AβO-induced AD. Male C57/Bl6 mice underwent stereotaxic intracerebroventricular AβO (90 μM) or vehicle injections. 24 h after surgery, animals received intraperitoneal treatment with TGA (1 mg/kg) or vehicle, administered on a 14 day schedule. One day after treatment completion, a novel object recognition task (NORT) was performed. Memantine (10 mg/kg) was administered as a positive control. NORT retention sessions were performed on days 8 and 16 after AβO injection. Immediately after retention sessions, animals were euthanized for cortex and hippocampus collection. Specimens were subjected to oxidative stress and cytokine analyses. TGA reduced the level of cortex/hippocampus lipoperoxidation and prevented cognitive impairment in AβO-injected mice. Additionally, TGA reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in the hippocampus. By contrast, memantine failed to prevent cortex/hippocampus lipid peroxidation, recognition memory decline, and AβO-induced increases in TNF and IFN-γ levels in the hippocampus. Thus, memantine was unable to avoid the AβO-induced persistent cognitive impairment. The results showed that TGA may prevent memory impairment by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in AβO-injected mice. Moreover, TGA exhibited a persistent neuroprotective effect compared to memantine, reflecting an innovative profile of this promising agent against neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H B de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Erick Y M Rodrigues
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Nayara A F Dias
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F C Ferreira
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Diego B de Carvalho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Amarith R das Neves
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Paola M V Coronel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Murilo K A Yonekawa
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (INBIO-UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Parisotto
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Edson A Dos Santos
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (INBIO-UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Albert S Souza
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (INBIO-UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Kamylla S de Sousa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Letícia L de Souza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B M Resstel
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano C M Baroni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Davi C Lagatta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
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Abdel-Haq M, Ojha SK, Hamoudi W, Kumar A, Tripathi MK, Khaliulin I, Domb AJ, Amal H. Effects of extended-release 7-nitroindazole gel formulation treatment on the behavior of Shank3 mouse model of autism. Nitric Oxide 2023; 140-141:41-49. [PMID: 37714296 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral deficits such as abnormalities in communication, social interaction, anxiety, and repetitive behavior. We have recently shown that the Shank3 mutation in mice representing a model of ASD causes excessive nitric oxide (NO) levels and aberrant protein S-nitrosylation. Further, 10-day daily injections of 7-NI, a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, into Shank3Δ4-22 and Cntnap2(-/-) mutant mice (models of ASD) at a dose of 80 mg/kg reversed the manifestations of ASD phenotype. In this study, we proposed an extended release of 7-NI using a novel drug system. Importantly, unlike the intraperitoneal injections, our new preparation of poly (sebacic acid-co-ricinoleic acid) (PSARA) gel containing 7-NI was injected subcutaneously into the mutant mice only once. The animals underwent behavioral testing starting from day 3 post-injection. It should be noted that the developed PSARA gel formulation allowed a slow release of 7-NI maintaining the plasma level of the drug at ∼45 μg/ml/day. Further, we observed improved memory and social interaction and reduced anxiety-like behavior in Shank3 mutant mice. This was accompanied by a reduction in 3-nitrotyrosine levels (an indicator of nitrative/nitrosative stress) in plasma. Overall, we suggest that our single-dose formulation of PSARA gel is very efficient in rendering a therapeutic effect of 7-NI for at least 10 days. This approach may provide in the future a rational design of an effective ASD treatment using 7-NI and its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdel-Haq
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Shashank Kumar Ojha
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Wajeha Hamoudi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Igor Khaliulin
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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Sheng J, Zhang S, Wu L, Kumar G, Liao Y, GK P, Fan H. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase: A novel therapeutic target for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1019187. [PMID: 36268188 PMCID: PMC9577554 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1019187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is ranked as the 6th leading cause of death in the US. The prevalence of AD and dementia is steadily increasing and expected cases in USA is 14.8 million by 2050. Neuroinflammation and gradual neurodegeneration occurs in Alzheimer's disease. However, existing medications has limitation to completely abolish, delay, or prevent disease progression. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are large family of enzymes to hydrolyze the 3'-phosphodiester links in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in signal-transduction pathways for generation of 5'-cyclic nucleotides. It plays vital role to orchestrate several pharmacological activities for proper cell functioning and regulating the levels of cAMP and cGMP. Several evidence has suggested that abnormal cAMP signaling is linked to cognitive problems in neurodegenerative disorders like AD. Therefore, the PDE family has become a widely accepted and multipotential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, modulation of cAMP/cGMP by phytonutrients has a huge potential for the management of AD. Natural compounds have been known to inhibit phosphodiesterase by targeting key enzymes of cGMP synthesis pathway, however, the mechanism of action and their therapeutic efficacy has not been explored extensively. Currently, few PDE inhibitors such as Vinpocetine and Nicergoline have been used for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Considering the role of flavonoids to inhibit PDE, this review discussed the therapeutic potential of natural compounds with PDE inhibitory activity for the treatment of AD and related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China
| | - Shanjin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China
| | - Lule Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanhang Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China
| | - Pratap GK
- Department of Biochemistry, Davangere University, Davangere, India
| | - Huizhen Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China
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Jyoti Dutta B, Singh S, Seksaria S, Das Gupta G, Bodakhe SH, Singh A. Potential role of IP3/Ca 2+ signaling and phosphodiesterases: Relevance to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and possible therapeutic strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115071. [PMID: 35525328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite large investments by industry and governments, no disease-modifying medications for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been found. The failures of various clinical trials indicate the need for a more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of AD and for innovative therapeutic strategies for its treatment. Here, we review the rational for targeting IP3 signaling, cytosolic calcium dysregulation, phosphodiesterases (PDEs), and secondary messengers like cGMP and cAMP, as well as their correlations with the pathophysiology of AD. Various drugs targeting these signaling cascades are still in pre-clinical and clinical trials which support the ideas presented in this article. Further, we describe different molecular mechanisms and medications currently being used in various pre-clinical and clinical trials involving IP3/Ca+2 signaling. We also highlight various isoforms, as well as the functions and pharmacology of the PDEs broadly expressed in different parts of the brain and attempt to unravel the potential benefits of PDE inhibitors for use as novel medications to alleviate the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sanket Seksaria
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur - 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India.
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Tabrizian K, Amelinia F, Belaran M, Pourheidar S, Mirzaei H, Fanoudi S. Tadalafil Reversed H-89 - and Scopolamine - Induced Spatial Learning Impairments in Male Rats. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 71:275-283. [PMID: 33450772 DOI: 10.1055/a-1345-7832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence shows that the cAMP and cGMP signaling pathway plays an important role in memory function and neuronal plasticity. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a hopeful therapeutic target in AD (Alzheimer disease), and PDE5 inhibition may be a good therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. In the present study, the four-day bilateral intra-hippocampal infusion of H-89 as a protein kinase AII inhibitor (10 µM/side) and intra-peritoneal injections of tadalafil (20 mg/kg) and scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg) alone and also on combination on spatial learning in Morris water maze (MWM) were investigated. DMSO and saline were used as controls for H-89 and other mentioned drugs, respectively. Rats were trained for 4 days; each day included one block of four trials. Post- training probe trial tests were performed on day 5. Administration of H-89 and scopolamine led to a significant impairment in spatial learning compared to their related controls. But, combination of tadalafil/H-89 or tadalafil/scopolamine reversed H-89 or scopolamine- induced spatial learning deficits in MWM. Taken together, these results showed the probable regulatory effects of cGMP on cholinergic and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways in co-administrations of these mentioned drugs on spatial learning in MWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Tabrizian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.,Toxicology and Addiction Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amelinia
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Maryam Belaran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Soheil Pourheidar
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hadi Mirzaei
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
Substantial evidence, composed of drug mechanisms of action, in vivo testing, and epidemiological data, exists to support clinical testing of FDA-approved drugs for repurposing to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Licensed compound investigation can often proceed at a faster and more cost-effective manner than un-approved compounds moving through the drug pipeline. As the prevalence of AD increases with life expectancy, the current rise in life expectancy amalgamated with the lack of an effective drug for the treatment of AD unnecessarily burdens our medical system and is an urgent public health concern. The unfounded reluctance to examine repurposing existing drugs for possible AD therapy further impedes the possibility of improving the quality of patient lives with a terminal disease. This review summarizes some evidence which exists to suggest certain already-approved drugs may be considered for the treatment of AD and will perhaps encourage physicians to off-label prescribe these safe therapeutics.
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Huang XF, Dong YH, Wang JH, Ke HM, Song GQ, Xu DF. Novel PDE5 inhibitors derived from rutaecarpine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zuccarello E, Acquarone E, Calcagno E, Argyrousi EK, Deng SX, Landry DW, Arancio O, Fiorito J. Development of novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113818. [PMID: 31978378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that plays a multifactorial role in several cellular processes. In the central nervous system, the NO dual nature in neuroprotection and neurotoxicity has been explored to unveil its involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of research shows that the activation of the NO signaling pathway leading to the phosphorylation of the transcription factor cyclic adenine monophosphate responsive element binding protein (CREB) (so-called NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway) ameliorates altered neuroplasticity and memory deficits in AD animal models. In addition to NO donors, several other pharmacological agents, such as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been used to activate the pathway and rescue memory disorders. PDE5 inhibitors, including sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, are marketed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and arterial pulmonary hypertension due to their vasodilatory properties. The ability of PDE5 inhibitors to interfere with the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway by increasing the levels of cGMP has prompted the hypothesis that PDE5 inhibition might be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. To this end, newly designed PDE5 inhibitors belonging to different chemical classes with improved pharmacologic profile (e.g. higher potency, improved selectivity, and blood-brain barrier penetration) have been synthesized and evaluated in several animal models of AD. In addition, recent medicinal chemistry effort has led to the development of agents concurrently acting on the PDE5 enzyme and a second target involved in AD. Both marketed and investigational PDE5 inhibitors have shown to reverse cognitive defects in young and aged wild type mice as well as transgenic mouse models of AD and tauopathy using a variety of behavioral tasks. These studies confirmed the therapeutic potential of PDE5 inhibitors as cognitive enhancers. However, clinical studies assessing cognitive functions using marketed PDE5 inhibitors have not been conclusive. Drug discovery efforts by our group and others are currently directed towards the development of novel PDE5 inhibitors tailored to AD with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. In summary, the present perspective reports an overview of the correlation between the NO signaling and AD, as well as an outline of the PDE5 inhibitors used as an alternative approach in altering the NO pathway leading to an improvement of learning and memory. The last two sections describe the preclinical and clinical evaluation of PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of AD, providing a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the AD drug discovery efforts involving PDE5 as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zuccarello
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica Acquarone
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisa Calcagno
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elentina K Argyrousi
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald W Landry
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jole Fiorito
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States.
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12
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Liu L, Xu H, Ding S, Wang D, Song G, Huang X. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors as novel agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:223-231. [PMID: 31493542 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by a progressive impairment of memory and cognition, is a major health problem in both developing and developed countries. Currently, no drugs can reverse the progression of AD. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a critical component of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G (cGMP/PKG) signaling pathway in neurons, the inhibition of which has produced neuroprotective effects, and PDE5 inhibitors have recently been thought to be potential therapeutic agents for AD. In this paper, we summarized the outstanding progress that has been made in PDE5 inhibitors as anti-AD agents with encouraging results in animal studies, clinical trials and the investigations on the underlying mechanisms. The novel PDE5 inhibitors reported recently in the treatment of AD were also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Huang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Shumin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
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13
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Lai B, Li M, Hu WL, Li W, Gan WB. The Phosphodiesterase 9 Inhibitor PF-04449613 Promotes Dendritic Spine Formation and Performance Improvement after Motor Learning. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:859-872. [PMID: 30022611 PMCID: PMC6158093 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide cGMP is an intracellular second messenger with important roles in neuronal functions and animals' behaviors. The phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze the second messengers cGMP and cAMP. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9), a main isoform of PDEs hydrolyzing cGMP, has been shown to improve learning and memory as well as cognitive function in rodents. However, the role of PDE9 in regulating neuronal structure and function in vivo remains unclear. Here we used in vivo two-photon microscopy to investigate the effect of a selective PDE9 inhibitor PF-04449613 on the activity and plasticity of dendritic spines of layer V pyramidal neurons in the mouse primary motor cortex. We found that administration of PF-04449613 increased calcium activity of dendrites and dendritic spines of layer V pyramidal neurons in mice under resting and running conditions. Chronic treatment of PF-04449613 over weeks increased dendritic spine formation and elimination under basal conditions. Furthermore, PF-04449613 treatment over 1-7 days increased the formation and survival of new spines as well as performance improvement after rotarod motor training. Taken together, our studies suggest that elevating the level of cGMP with the PDE9 inhibitor PF-04449613 increases synaptic calcium activity and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity, thereby contributing to performance improvement after learning. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 00: 000-000, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
- Molecular Neurobiology Program, Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
| | - Wan-Ling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
| | - Wen-Biao Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
- Molecular Neurobiology Program, Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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14
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Siraj F, Yadav R, Kumari S, Tiwari AK, Tiwari M. The anti-epileptogenic and cognition enhancing effect of novel 1-[4-(4-benzo [1, 3] dioxol-5-ylmethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-3-phenyl-urea (BPPU) in pentylenetetrazole induced chronic rat model of epilepsy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:470-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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15
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Nelissen E, Prickaerts J, Blokland A. Acute stress negatively affects object recognition early memory consolidation and memory retrieval unrelated to state-dependency. Behav Brain Res 2018; 345:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Yazir Y, Polat S, Utkan T, Aricioglu F. Role of the nitric oxide-soluble guanylyl cyclase pathway in cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1471883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusufhan Yazir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Selen Polat
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tijen Utkan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Medical Research and Application Unit, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aricioglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
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17
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Prakash A, Yadav R, Tiwari AK, Pandey P, Tiwari M. Discovery of novel Methylsulfonyl phenyl derivatives as potent human Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with effective anticonvulsant action: Design, synthesis, in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:520-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Cardinale A, Fusco FR. Inhibition of phosphodiesterases as a strategy to achieve neuroprotection in Huntington's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:319-328. [PMID: 29500937 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition, due to a mutation in the IT15 gene encoding for huntingtin. Currently, disease-modifying therapy is not available for HD, and only symptomatic drugs are administered for the management of symptoms. In the last few years, preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that pharmacological strategies aimed at inhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDEs) may develop into a novel therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders. PDEs are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides into monophosphate isoforms. Cyclic nucleotides are second messengers that transduce the signal of hormones and neurotransmitters in many physiological processes, such as protein kinase cascades and synaptic transmission. An alteration in their balance results in the dysregulation of different biological mechanisms (transcriptional dysregulation, immune cell activation, inflammatory mechanisms, and regeneration) that are involved in neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss the action of phosphodiesterase inhibitors and their role as therapeutic agents in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca R Fusco
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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19
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Physiological and pathological processes of synaptic plasticity and memory in drug discovery: Do not forget the dose-response curve. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:59-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Retinal exposure to high glucose condition modifies the GABAergic system: Regulation by nitric oxide. Exp Eye Res 2017; 162:116-125. [PMID: 28734674 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a severe retinal complication that diabetic patients are susceptible to present. Although this disease is currently characterized as a microvascular disease, there is growing evidence that neural changes occur and maybe precede vascular impairments. Using chicken retina, an avascular tissue with no direct contact with blood vessels and neural retina, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of acute exposure to high glucose concentration in the retinal GABAergic system, and the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this modulation. Therefore, in ex vivo experiments, retinas were incubated in control (10 mM glucose) or high glucose condition (35 mM) for 30 min. By using DAF-FM to evaluate NO production, it was possible to show that high glucose (HG) significantly increased NO levels in the outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer (outer and inner portion), and inner plexiform layer. It was also observed that HG increased GABA immunoreactivity (IR) in amacrine and horizontal cells. HG did not change glutamic acid decarboxylase-IR, whereas it decreased GABA Transporter (GAT) 1-IR and increased GAT-3-IR. The co-treatment with 7-NI, an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), blocked all changes stimulated by HG exposure. The concomitant exposure with SNAP-5114, a GAT-2/3 inhibitor, blocked the increase in GABA-IR caused by HG incubation. Therefore, our data suggest that hyperglycemia induces GABA accumulation in the cytosol by modulating GABA transporters. This response is dependent on NO production and signaling.
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21
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Tyurenkov I, Popova T, Perfilova V, Prokofiev I, Borisov A, Kustova M, Zaypullaev G, Ostrovskij O. Protective effects of a new glutamic acid derivative against stress after nNOS blockade. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176301047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of a new glutamic acid derivative, glufimet, on oxidative stress, activity of antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial respiration, endothelial vasodilation and anti-platelet activity in female rats after exposure to 24-hour immobilization pain stress and 7-nitroindazole, a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor. A single dose administration of glufimet (29 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 10 minutes before stress exposure caused a decrease of NO metabolites in serum (by 27.2%) and heart homogenate (33.5% (p£0.05), respectively, compared with the control group. Administration of 7-nitroindazole with glufimet also decreased the studied parameters by 14.3% in the heart homogenate and by 30,3% in the brain (p£0.05) compared with stress exposed rats receiving only the nNOS inhibitor. Glufimet decreased the levels of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation (LPO), conjugated dienes by 20% (p£0.05) and 17.3% (p£0.05), ketodienes by 16% and 13.7%, malondialdehyde by 15% (p£0.05) and 26.6% (p£0.05) in the heart and brain mitochondria of stress exposed rats, respectively, compared with the control group. Glufimet administration also increased SOD activity (by 14.4% and 13.1%, respectively), catalase (by 19% and 26.8%, respectively) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (by 45.5% (p£0.05) and 7.3%, respectively). The antioxidant effect of glufimet may be also attributed to increased coupling between the processes of mitochondria respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. This was evidenced by an increase in the respiratory control ratio (RCR) (by 46.0% (p£0.05) for malate/glutamate and by 49,7% (p£0.05) for succinate) in the heart mitochondria. A statistically significant increase in RCR (by 37.3% (p£0.05)) was observed in stress exposed female rat brain mitochondria for succinate. RCRs differed significantly for succinate in the heart and brain of rats receiving glufimet after nNOS blockade. RCR increased by 62.3% (p£0.05) in the heart mitochondria and by 72.2% (p£0.05) in the brain mitochondria compared with the RCRs in stress exposed rats receiving 7-nitroindazole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T.A. Popova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | | | - A.V. Borisov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - M.V. Kustova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
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22
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Li XH, Deng YY, Li F, Shi JS, Gong QH. Neuroprotective effects of sodium hydrosulfide against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1152-60. [PMID: 27511125 PMCID: PMC5029968 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known to be caused by the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). The accumulation of Aβ has been shown to cause learning and memory impairment in rats, and it has been shown that hydrogen sulfide donors, such as sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) can attenuate these effects. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully eludicated. This study was designed to investigate whether NaHS attenuates the inflammation and apoptosis induced by Aβ. We demonstrated that NaHS attenuated Aβ25–35-induced neuronal reduction and apoptosis, and inhibited the activation of pro-caspase-3. It also decreased the protein expresion of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in the hippocampus of the rats. In addition, NaHS upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ, but it did not affect the expression of PPAR-β. Moreover, the Aβ25–35-exposed rats exhibited a decrease in IκB-α degradation and an increase in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation levels, whereas these effects were attenuated by NaHS. Our data suggest that NaHS prevents Aβ-induced neurotoxicity via the upregulation of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ and the inhibition of PDE5. Hence NaHS may prove to be beneficial in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Hai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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23
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Snyder GL, Prickaerts J, Wadenberg ML, Zhang L, Zheng H, Yao W, Akkerman S, Zhu H, Hendrick JP, Vanover KE, Davis R, Li P, Mates S, Wennogle LP. Preclinical profile of ITI-214, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 1, for enhancement of memory performance in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3113-24. [PMID: 27342643 PMCID: PMC4980415 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Therapeutic agents for memory enhancement in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to characterize the preclinical profile of ITI-214, a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1). METHODS ITI-214 was assayed for inhibition of PDE1 versus other PDE enzyme families using recombinant human PDE enzymes and for off-target binding to 70 substrates (General SEP II diversity panel; Caliper Life Sciences). Effects of ITI-214 (0.1-10 mg/kg, po) on memory performance were assayed in rats using the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm, with drug given at specified time points prior to or following exposure to objects in an open field. ITI-214 was evaluated for potential drug-drug interaction with risperidone in rats using conditioned avoidance response (CAR) and pharmacokinetic assessments. RESULTS ITI-214 inhibited PDE1A (K i = 33 pmol) with >1000-fold selectivity for the nearest other PDE family (PDE4D) and displayed minimal off-target binding interactions in a 70-substrate selectivity profile. By using specific timing of oral ITI-214 administration, it was demonstrated in the NOR that ITI-214 is able to enhance acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval memory processes. All memory effects were in the absence of effects on exploratory behavior. ITI-214 did not disrupt the risperidone pharmacokinetic profile or effects in CAR. CONCLUSIONS ITI-214 improved the memory processes of acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval across a broad dose range (0.1-10 mg/kg, po) without disrupting the antipsychotic-like activity of a clinical antipsychotic medication, specifically risperidone. Clinical development of ITI-214 is currently in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen L. Snyder
- Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 900, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, NL-6200 Maastricht, MD The Netherlands
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 900, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Hailin Zheng
- Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 900, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Wei Yao
- Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 900, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Sven Akkerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, NL-6200 Maastricht, MD The Netherlands
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Joseph P. Hendrick
- Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 900, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Kimberly E. Vanover
- Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 900, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Robert Davis
- Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 900, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Peng Li
- Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 900, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Sharon Mates
- Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 900, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Lawrence P. Wennogle
- Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 900, New York, NY 10016 USA
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24
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Herbs to curb cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and their potential role in Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 149:75-87. [PMID: 26050556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides viz., cAMP/cGMP has been well known to play important role in cellular function and deficiency in their levels has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are the enzymes involved in the metabolism of cyclic nucleotides and the inhibition of phosphodiesterases is considered to be viable strategy to restore the level of cyclic nucleotides and their functions in the brain. Various synthetic PDE inhibitors had been used clinically for various disorders and also suggested to be useful candidates for treating neurological disorders. However, side effects of these synthetic PDE inhibitors have limited their use in clinical practice. Natural plant extracts or their bio-active compounds are considered to be safe and are widely acceptable. During the last decade, many plant extracts or their bio-active compounds were tested pre-clinically for PDE inhibitory activity and are reported to be equally potent in inhibiting PDE's, as that of synthetic compounds. The present review is aimed to discuss the potential plant extract/compounds with PDE inhibitory activity and critically discuss their potential role in Alzheimer's disease.
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Continuous infusion of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist EVP-6124 produces no signs of tolerance at memory-enhancing doses in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 26:403-6. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Elnakish MT, Schultz EJ, Gearinger RL, Saad NS, Rastogi N, Ahmed AAE, Mohler PJ, Janssen PML. Differential involvement of various sources of reactive oxygen species in thyroxin-induced hemodynamic changes and contractile dysfunction of the heart and diaphragm muscles. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:252-61. [PMID: 25795514 PMCID: PMC4441845 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are key regulators of basal metabolic state and oxidative metabolism. Hyperthyroidism has been reported to cause significant alterations in hemodynamics, and in cardiac and diaphragm muscle functions, all of which have been linked to increased oxidative stress. However, the definite source of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in each of these phenotypes is still unknown. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that thyroxin (T4) may produce distinct hemodynamic, cardiac, and diaphragm muscle abnormalities by differentially affecting various sources of ROS. Wild-type and T4 mice with and without 2-week treatments with allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor), apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), L-NIO (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), or MitoTEMPO (mitochondria-targeted antioxidant) were studied. Blood pressure and echocardiography were noninvasively evaluated, followed by ex vivo assessments of isolated heart and diaphragm muscle functions. Treatment with L-NIO attenuated the T4-induced hypertension in mice. However, apocynin improved the left-ventricular (LV) dysfunction without preventing the cardiac hypertrophy in these mice. Both allopurinol and MitoTEMPO reduced the T4-induced fatigability of the diaphragm muscles. In conclusion, we show here for the first time that T4 exerts differential effects on various sources of ROS to induce distinct cardiovascular and skeletal muscle phenotypes. Additionally, we find that T4-induced LV dysfunction is independent of cardiac hypertrophy and NADPH oxidase is a key player in this process. Furthermore, we prove the significance of both xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial ROS pathways in T4-induced fatigability of diaphragm muscles. Finally, we confirm the importance of the nitric oxide pathway in T4-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Elnakish
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eric J Schultz
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rachel L Gearinger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nancy S Saad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neha Rastogi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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27
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The role of nitric oxide in the object recognition memory. Behav Brain Res 2015; 285:200-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Bollen E, Akkerman S, Puzzo D, Gulisano W, Palmeri A, D'Hooge R, Balschun D, Steinbusch HWM, Blokland A, Prickaerts J. Object memory enhancement by combining sub-efficacious doses of specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:361-6. [PMID: 25896769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The second messengers cGMP and cAMP have a vital role in synaptic plasticity and memory processes. As such, phosphodiesterases inhibitors (PDE-Is), which prevent the breakdown of these cyclic nucleotides, represent a potential treatment strategy in memory decline. Recently it has been demonstrated that cGMP and cAMP signaling act in sequence during memory consolidation, with early cGMP signaling requiring subsequent cAMP signaling. Here, we sought to confirm this relationship, and to evaluate its therapeutic implications. Combining sub-efficacious doses of the cGMP-specific PDE type 5 inhibitor vardenafil (0.1 mg/kg) and cAMP-specific PDE type 4 inhibitor rolipram (0.01 mg/kg) during the early and late memory consolidation phase, respectively, led to improved memory performance in a 24 h interval object recognition task. Similarly, such a sub-efficacious combination treatment enhanced the transition of early-phase long-term potentiation (LTP) to late-phase LTP in hippocampal slices. In addition, both object memory and LTP were improved after administration of two sub-efficacious doses of the dual substrate PDE type 2 inhibitor BAY60 7550 (0.3 mg/kg) at the early and late consolidation phase, respectively. Taken together, combinations of sub-efficacious doses of cAMP- and cGMP-specific PDE-Is have an additive effect on long-term synaptic plasticity and memory formation and might prove a superior alternative to single PDE-I treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bollen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Akkerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - W Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - A Palmeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - R D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Balschun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H W M Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Mutlu O, Akar F, Celikyurt IK, Tanyeri P, Ulak G, Erden F. 7-NI and ODQ Disturbs Memory in the Elevated Plus Maze, Morris Water Maze, and Radial Arm Maze Tests in Mice. Drug Target Insights 2015; 9:1-8. [PMID: 25788830 PMCID: PMC4354329 DOI: 10.4137/dti.s23378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an atypical neurotransmitter that causes changes in cognition. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitors have been shown to exert some effects on cognition in previous studies; however, the findings have been controversial. This study was aimed at understanding the effects of an NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), and a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), on spatial memory in modified elevated plus maze (mEPM), Morris water maze (MWM), and radial arm maze (RAM) tests. Male Balb-c mice were treated via intraperitoneal injections with 7-NI (15 mg/kg), ODQ (3, 10 mg/kg), L-arginine (100 mg/kg) + 7-NI (15 mg/kg), or physiological saline. ODQ (3 mg/kg) and 7-NI (15 mg/kg) significantly increased the second-day latency in the mEPM test. 7-NI (15 mg/kg) and ODQ (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the escape latency in second, third, and fourth sessions, decreased the time spent in the escape platform’s quadrant, and increased the mean distance to the platform in the probe trial of the MWM test. ODQ (3, 10 mg/kg) and 7-NI (15 mg/kg) significantly increased the number of errors, whereas only 7-NI increased the latency in the RAM test. The administration of L-arginine (100 mg/kg) prior to 7-NI inverted the effects of 7-NI, which supports the role of NO on cognition. Our study shows that the NO/cGMP/GS pathway can regulate spatial memory in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Mutlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Furuzan Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Pelin Tanyeri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Guner Ulak
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Faruk Erden
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
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van Goethem NP, Schreiber R, Newman-Tancredi A, Varney M, Prickaerts J. Divergent effects of the 'biased' 5-HT1 A receptor agonists F15599 and F13714 in a novel object pattern separation task. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2532-43. [PMID: 25572672 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pattern separation, that is, the formation of distinct representations from similar inputs, is an important hippocampal process implicated in cognitive domains like episodic memory. A deficit in pattern separation could lead to memory impairments in several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Hence, mechanisms by which pattern separation can be increased are of potential therapeutic interest. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 5-HT1A receptors are involved in spatial memory. Herein we tested the 'biased' 5-HT1A receptor agonists F15599, which preferentially activates post-synaptic heteroreceptors, and F13714, which preferentially activates raphe-located autoreceptors, in rats in a novel spatial task assessing pattern separation, the object pattern separation (OPS) task. KEY RESULTS The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil, which served as a positive control, significantly improved spatial pattern separation at a dose of 1 mg·kg(-1) , p.o. F15599 increased pattern separation at 0.04 mg·kg(-1) , i.p., while F13714 decreased pattern separation at 0.0025 mg·kg(-1) , i.p. The selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (0.63 mg·kg(-1) , s.c.) counteracted the effects of both agonists. These data suggest that acute preferential activation of post-synaptic 5-HT1A heteroreceptors improves spatial pattern separation, whereas acute preferential activation of raphe-located 5-HT1A autoreceptors impairs performance. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We successfully established and validated a novel, simple and robust OPS task and observed a diverging profile of response with 'biased' 5-HT1A receptor agonists based on their targeting of receptors in distinct brain regions. Our data suggest that the post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptor consists of a potential novel molecular target to improve pattern separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P van Goethem
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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31
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Orzelska J, Talarek S, Listos J, Fidecka S. Divergent effects of L-arginine-NO pathway modulators on diazepam and flunitrazepam responses in NOR task performance. Behav Brain Res 2015; 284:179-86. [PMID: 25698597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was an evaluation of the degree, in which nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the benzodiazepines (BZs)-induced recognition memory impairment in rats. The novel object recognition (NOR) test was used to examine recognition memory. The current research focused on the object memory impairing effects of diazepam (DZ; 0.5 and 1mg/kg, sc) and flunitrazepam (FNZ; 0.1 and 0.2mg/kg; sc) in 1-hour delay periods in rats. It was found that acute ip injection of L-arginine (L-arg; 250 and 500 mg/kg; ip), 5 min before DZ administration (0.5mg/kg, sc) prevented DZ-induced memory deficits. On the other hand, it was also proven that L-arg (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg; ip) did not change the behaviour of rats in the NOR test, following a combined administration with FNZ at a threshold dose (0.05 mg/kg; sc). It was also found that 7-nitroindazole (7-NI; 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg; ip) induced amnesic effects in DZ in rats, submitted to the NOR test, following a combined administration of 7-NI with a threshold dose of DZ (0.25mg/kg; sc). However, following a combined administration of 7-NI (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg; ip) with FNZ (0.1mg/kg; sc), it was observed that 7-NI inhibited the amnesic effects of FNZ on rats in the NOR test. Those findings led us to hypothesize that NO synthesis suppression may induce amnesic effects of DZ, while preventing FNZ memory impairment in rats, submitted to NOR tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Orzelska
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Talarek
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Listos
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fidecka
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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32
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Umar T, Hoda N. Selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterases: therapeutic promise for neurodegenerative disorders. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00419e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PDE inhibitors: significant contributors to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarana Umar
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- Central University
- New Delhi
- 110025 India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- Central University
- New Delhi
- 110025 India
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33
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Butrous G. The role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the management of pulmonary vascular diseases. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2014; 2014:257-90. [PMID: 25780785 PMCID: PMC4352681 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE) can be used as therapeutic agents for various diseases such as dementia, depression, schizophrenia and erectile dysfunction in men, as well as congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory diseases, diabetes and various other conditions. In this review we will concentrate on one type of PDE, mainly PDE5 and its role in pulmonary vascular diseases.
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34
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Improved long-term memory via enhancing cGMP-PKG signaling requires cAMP-PKA signaling. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2497-505. [PMID: 24813825 PMCID: PMC4207334 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Memory consolidation is defined by the stabilization of a memory trace after acquisition, and consists of numerous molecular cascades that mediate synaptic plasticity. Commonly, a distinction is made between an early and a late consolidation phase, in which early refers to the first hours in which labile synaptic changes occur, whereas late consolidation relates to stable and long-lasting synaptic changes induced by de novo protein synthesis. How these phases are linked at a molecular level is not yet clear. Here we studied the interaction of the cyclic nucleotide-mediated pathways during the different phases of memory consolidation in rodents. In addition, the same pathways were studied in a model of neuronal plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP). We demonstrated that cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling mediates early memory consolidation as well as early-phase LTP, whereas cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling mediates late consolidation and late-phase-like LTP. In addition, we show for the first time that early-phase cGMP/PKG signaling requires late-phase cAMP/PKA-signaling in both LTP and long-term memory formation.
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35
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Kim KT, Chung KJ, Lee HS, Ko IG, Kim CJ, Na YG, Kim KH. Neuroprotective effects of tadalafil on gerbil dopaminergic neurons following cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:693-701. [PMID: 25206715 PMCID: PMC4146079 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of dopamine function, which is known to have major effects on behaviors and cognition, is one of the main problems associated with cerebral ischemia. Tadalafil, a long-acting phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor, is known to ameliorate neurologic impairment induced by brain injury, but not in dopaminergic regions. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of treatment with tadalafil on cyclic guanosine monophosphate level and dopamine function following cerebral ischemia. Forty adult Mongolian gerbils were randomly and evenly divided into five groups (n = 8 in each group): Sham-operation group, cerebral ischemia-induced and 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg tadalafil-treated groups, respectively. Tadalafil dissolved in distilled water was administered orally for 7 consecutive days, starting 1 day after surgery. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate assay and immunohistochemistry were performed for thyrosine hydroxylase expression and western blot analysis for dopamine D2 receptor expression. A decrease in cyclic guanosine monophosphate level following cerebral ischemia was found with an increase in thyrosine hydroxylase activity and a decrease in dopamine D2 receptor expression in the striatum and substantia nigra region. However, treatment with tadalafil increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate expression, suppressed thyrosine hydroxylase expression and increased dopamine D2 receptor expression in the striatum and substantia nigra region in a dose-dependent manner. Tadalafil might ameliorate cerebral ischemia-induced dopaminergic neuron injury. Therefore, tadalafil has the potential as a new neuroprotective treatment strategy for cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Taek Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Chung
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sae Lee
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gil Na
- Department of Urology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Khae Hawn Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
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Wang S, Pan DX, Wang D, Wan P, Qiu DL, Jin QH. Nitric oxide facilitates active avoidance learning via enhancement of glutamate levels in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Behav Brain Res 2014; 271:177-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Akar F, Mutlu O, Komsuoglu Celikyurt I, Ulak G, Erden F, Bektas E, Tanyeri P. Zaprinast and rolipram enhances spatial and emotional memory in the elevated plus maze and passive avoidance tests and diminishes exploratory activity in naive mice. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2014; 20:105-11. [PMID: 25057848 PMCID: PMC4117679 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.891149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in the central nervous system have been shown to stimulate neuronal functions and increase neurogenesis in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Material/Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zaprinast, a PDE5 inhibitor, and rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, on learning and memory in elevated plus maze (EPM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests in naive mice. Male Balb-c mice received short-term treatment with zaprinast (3 and 10 mg/kg) and rolipram (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) before the acquisition trial of the EPM and PA tests. The exploratory activity of the animals was also investigated in the Hughes box test. Results Both zaprinast (10 mg/kg) and rolipram (0.1 mg/kg) significantly decreased second-day latency compared to the control group in the EPM test, while only rolipram (0.1 mg/kg) significantly increased second-day latency in the PA test. Both zaprinast (10 mg/kg) and rolipram (0.1 mg/kg) significantly decreased the number of entries to new areas and time spent in new areas in the Hughes box test. Conclusions Our study revealed that both zaprinast and rolipram enhanced spatial memory in EPM, while rolipram seemed to have more emotional memory-enhancing effects in the PA test compared to zaprinast. Both zaprinast and rolipram diminished exploratory activity in the Hughes box test, which can be attributed to the drugs’ anxiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furuzan Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Oguz Mutlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Guner Ulak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Faruk Erden
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emine Bektas
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Pelin Tanyeri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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38
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Akar F, Mutlu O, Celikyurt IK, Bektas E, Tanyeri MH, Ulak G, Tanyeri P, Erden F. Effects of zaprinast and rolipram on olfactory and visual memory in the social transmission of food preference and novel object recognition tests in mice. Drug Target Insights 2014; 8:23-9. [PMID: 24855335 PMCID: PMC4011720 DOI: 10.4137/dti.s14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in central nervous system has been investigated and shown to stimulate neuronal functions and increase neurogenesis in Alzheimer patients. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of PDE5 inhibitor zaprinast and PDE4 inhibitor rolipram on visual memory in novel object recognition (NOR) test, on olfactory memory in social transmission of food preference (STFP) test, and also on locomotion and anxiety in open field test in naive mice. Male Balb-c mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with zaprinast (3 and 10 mg/kg), rolipram (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg), or physiological saline. Zaprinast (10 mg/kg) significantly increased cued/non-cued food eaten compared to control group, while rolipram had a partial effect on retention trial of STFP test. Zaprinast (10 mg/kg) and rolipram (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) significantly increased ratio index (RI) compared to control group in retention trial of NOR test. There was no significant effect of zaprinast and rolipram on total distance moved, speed, and center zone duration in open field test. Results of this study revealed that both zaprinast and rolipram enhanced visual memory in NOR test, however zaprinast exerted a significant memory-enhancing effect compared to rolipram in STFP test in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furuzan Akar
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Oguz Mutlu
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ipek K Celikyurt
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emine Bektas
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet H Tanyeri
- Department of Urology, Yenikent Government Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Guner Ulak
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Pelin Tanyeri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Faruk Erden
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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39
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Akar F, Mutlu O, Komsuoglu Celikyurt I, Bektas E, Tanyeri P, Ulak G, Erden F. Effects of 7-NI and ODQ on memory in the passive avoidance, novel object recognition, and social transmission of food preference tests in mice. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2014; 20:27-35. [PMID: 24643075 PMCID: PMC3969052 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.890438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) is an intercellular messenger that plays a critical role in learning and memory processes. Effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors and guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitors on cognitive function remain controversial. Material/Methods The aim of this study was to investigate effects of an NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), and a GC inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), on different aspects of memory in passive avoidance (PA), novel object recognition (NOR), and social transmission of food preference (STFP) tests. Male Balb-c mice were treated intraperitoneally with 7-NI (15 mg/kg), ODQ (3,10 mg/kg), L-arginine (100 mg/kg) + 7-NI (15 mg/kg), or physiological saline. Results ODQ (10 mg/kg) and 7-NI (15 mg/kg) significantly decreased second-day latency in PA test. 7-NI (15 mg/kg) and ODQ (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the ratio index in the NOR test. 7-NI and ODQ (10 mg/kg) decreased cued/non-cued food eaten in STFP test. Amount of time spent in center zone significantly increased in ODQ (10 mg/kg) and 7-NI (15 mg/kg) groups in open field test, but there was no effect on total distance moved and speed of animals. ODQ (10 mg/kg) significantly increased number of entries into new compartments in exploratory activity apparatus, while 7-NI had no effect. Administration of L-arginine (100 mg/kg) before 7-NI reversed 7-NI-induced effects, supporting the role of NO in cognition. Conclusions Our results confirm that inhibition of NO/cGMP/GS pathway might disturb emotional, visual, and olfactory memory in mice. Also, 7-NI and ODQ had anxiolytic effects in open field test, and ODQ also enhanced exploratory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furuzan Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Oguz Mutlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Emine Bektas
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Pelin Tanyeri
- Department of Pharmacology, Sakarya University, Medical Faculty, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Guner Ulak
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Faruk Erden
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type R deficient mice exhibit increased exploration in a new environment and impaired novel object recognition memory. Behav Brain Res 2014; 265:111-20. [PMID: 24556203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse gene Ptprr encodes multiple protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type R (PTPRR) isoforms that negatively regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In the mouse brain, PTPRR proteins are expressed in cerebellum, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala and perirhinal cortex but their precise role in these regions remains to be determined. Here, we evaluated phenotypic consequences of loss of PTPRR activity and found that basal smell was normal for Ptprr(-/-) mice. Also, spatial learning and fear-associated contextual learning were unaffected. PTPRR deficiency, however, resulted in impaired novel object recognition and a striking increase in exploratory activity in a new environment. The data corroborate the importance of proper control of MAPK signaling in cerebral functions and put forward PTPRR as a novel target to modulate synaptic processes.
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41
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Acute tryptophan depletion reduces nitric oxide synthase in the rat hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2595-603. [PMID: 24170240 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is extensively used to investigate the role of central serotonin (5-HT). However, several studies reported that ATD had no significant effect on central 5-HT concentration and some ATD-induced changes was independent of 5-HT in the rodent brain. Therefore, the potential mechanism of ATD might not be ascribed solely to changes in the central 5-HT system. In recent studies, evidence suggests that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is closely associated with ATD-induced changes in modulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, cognitive, and locomotor activity. Thus, NOS is implicated to be an underlying factor contributing to ATD-induced changes. In the present study, the effect of ATD upon central NOS levels in the rat was evaluated. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally administered a tryptophan-free protein-carbohydrate mixture. Then, ATD effects upon affective behavior and spatial memory were assessed by the forced swimming test (FST) and Morris water maze test, respectively. Further, NOS activity and neuronal NOS (nNOS) protein levels in the hippocampus were measured after ATD. Our experimental results showed that ATD had no influence on affective behavior in the FST or spatial memory in SD rats. Interestingly, a significant reduction of both constitutive NOS activity and nNOS protein levels after ATD was found in the hippocampus. These findings demonstrate ATD does not influence affective behavior and spatial memory despite a direct effect on hippocampal NOS. Our study might provide a valuable clue for exploring earlier reported ATD-induced behavioral and neurochemical changes in rodents.
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Podda MV, Grassi C. New perspectives in cyclic nucleotide-mediated functions in the CNS: the emerging role of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:1241-57. [PMID: 24142069 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides play fundamental roles in the central nervous system (CNS) under both physiological and pathological conditions. The impact of cAMP and cGMP signaling on neuronal and glial cell functions has been thoroughly characterized. Most of their effects have been related to cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity. However, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, first described as key mediators of sensory transduction in retinal and olfactory receptors, have been receiving increasing attention as possible targets of cyclic nucleotides in the CNS. In the last 15 years, consistent evidence has emerged for their expression in neurons and astrocytes of the rodent brain. Far less is known, however, about the functional role of CNG channels in these cells, although several of their features, such as Ca(2+) permeability and prolonged activation in the presence of cyclic nucleotides, make them ideal candidates for mediators of physiological functions in the CNS. Here, we review literature suggesting the involvement of CNG channels in a number of CNS cellular functions (e.g., regulation of membrane potential, neuronal excitability, and neurotransmitter release) as well as in more complex phenomena, like brain plasticity, adult neurogenesis, and pain sensitivity. The emerging picture is that functional and dysfunctional cyclic nucleotide signaling in the CNS has to be reconsidered including CNG channels among possible targets. However, concerted efforts and multidisciplinary approaches are still needed to get more in-depth knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Podda
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Phosphodiesterases: Regulators of cyclic nucleotide signals and novel molecular target for movement disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:486-97. [PMID: 23850946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Movement disorders rank among the most common neurological disorders. During the last two decades substantial progress has been made in understanding of the pathological basis of these disorders. Although, several mechanisms have been proposed, downregulation of cyclic nucleotide mediated signaling cascade has consistently been shown to contribute to the striatal dysfunctioning as seen in movement disorders. Thus, counteracting dysregulated cyclic nucleotide signaling has been considered to be beneficial in movement disorders. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides and upregulation in PDE activity has been reported in various movement disorders. Thus, PDE inhibition is considered to be a novel strategy to restore cerebral cyclic nucleotide levels and their downstream signalling cascade. Indeed, various PDE inhibitors have been tested pre-clinically and were reported to be neuroprotective in various neurodegenerative disorders associated with movement disabilities. In this review, we have discussed a putative role of PDE inhibitors in movement disorders and associated abnormalities.
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Reneerkens OAH, Sambeth A, Ramaekers JG, Steinbusch HWM, Blokland A, Prickaerts J. The effects of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor vardenafil on cognitive performance in healthy adults: a behavioral-electroencephalography study. J Psychopharmacol 2013; 27:600-8. [PMID: 23427190 DOI: 10.1177/0269881113477747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) improve cognitive performance of rodents, but the few human studies investigating their effects did not systematically investigate cognitive effects and the results have been quite contradictory. Therefore, we examined whether the PDE5-I vardenafil improves memory and executive functioning and affect electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy young adults. Participants were selected out of a group of volunteers, based on their performance on a memory screening and they were orally treated with vardenafil (10-20 mg or placebo). Memory and executive functioning were tested while EEG activity was recorded. Additionally, a simple reaction time task and questionnaires addressing various complaints were presented. No prominent effects of vardenafil on cognition were found: participants only made more mistakes on a reaction time task after 20 mg vardenafil. During encoding of words, the P300 was generally smaller after vardenafil treatment. Furthermore, the N400 was larger after vardenafil 10 mg than placebo treatment in a spatial memory task at Fz. Finally, headache and feeling weak were reported more after vardenafil treatment. Vardenafil did not affect cognitive performance of healthy adults and showed only some incidental effects on ERPs. These findings in humans do not corroborate the cognition-enhancing effects of PDE5-Is in healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A H Reneerkens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Wen S, Schroeter A, Klöcker N. Synaptic plasticity in hepatic encephalopathy - a molecular perspective. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 536:183-8. [PMID: 23624147 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE)(1) is a common neuropsychiatric complication of both acute and chronic liver disease. Clinical symptoms may include motor disturbances and cognitive dysfunction. Available animal models of HE mimic the deficits in cognitive performance including the impaired ability to learn and memorize information. This review explores the question how HE might affect cognitive functions at molecular levels. Both acute and chronic models of HE constrain the plasticity of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Thus, long-lasting activity-dependent changes in synaptic efficiency, known as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are significantly impeded. We discuss molecules and signal transduction pathways of LTP and LTD that are targeted by experimental HE, with a focus on ionotropic glutamate receptors of the AMPA-subtype. Finally, a novel strategy of functional proteomic analysis is presented, which, if applied differentially, may provide molecular insight into disease-related dysfunction of membrane protein complexes, i.e. disturbed ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling in HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Wen
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Dopamine from cirrhotic liver contributes to the impaired learning and memory ability of hippocampus in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatol Int 2013. [PMID: 26201931 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-013-9431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Defective learning/memory ability is a feature of MHE. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the impairment of learning/memory ability in MHE remain not clearly understood. Methods MHE rat modeling by intraperitoneal injection of TAA was successfully established using a Morris water maze, BAEP, and EEG tests. COMT inhibitor, a protein involved in the accumulation of dopamine (DA), was found to be up-regulated in cirrhotic livers in MHE by 2-DE/MS. Results The levels of DA in cirrhotic livers, serums and hippocampuses in the MHE group were more significantly increased than in the control group. In the hippocampuses of MHE rats, NMDA-induced formation of cGMP was reduced by 40 % as determined by in vivo brain microdialysis. Activation of sGC by NO was reduced by 38 %. The expression of NMDAR1, CaM, nNOS and sGC in the hippocampus in the MHE group were more significantly decreased than in controls. Chronic exposure of cultured hippocampus neurons to DA (50 μM) reduced by 53 % the NMDA-induced formation of cGMP. Activation of sGC by NO in these neurons was reduced by 44 %. Down-regulated NMDAR1, CaM, nNOS and sGC were also detected in neurons treated with dopamine, in contrast with the controls. Conclusions This study suggests that when the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway in the hippocampus is inhibited by the elevation of DA from cirrhotic livers, this in turn may lead to the impairment of learning and memory ability of MHE.
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Reneerkens OA, Rutten K, Bollen E, Hage T, Blokland A, Steinbusch HW, Prickaerts J. Inhibition of phoshodiesterase type 2 or type 10 reverses object memory deficits induced by scopolamine or MK-801. Behav Brain Res 2013; 236:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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García-Osta A, Cuadrado-Tejedor M, García-Barroso C, Oyarzábal J, Franco R. Phosphodiesterases as therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:832-44. [PMID: 23173065 DOI: 10.1021/cn3000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among the elderly. In AD patients, memory loss is accompanied by the formation of beta-amyloid plaques and the appearance of tau in a pathological form. Given the lack of effective treatments for AD, the development of new management strategies for these patients is critical. The continued failure to find effective therapies using molecules aimed at addressing the anti-beta amyloid pathology has led researchers to focus on other non-amyloid-based approaches to restore memory function. Promising non-amyloid related candidate targets include phosphosdiesterases (PDEs), and indeed, Rolipram, a specific PDE4 inhibitor, was the first compound found to effectively restore cognitive deficits in animal models of AD. More recently, PDE5 inhibitors have also been shown to effectively restore memory function. Accordingly, inhibitors of other members of the PDE family may also improve memory performance in AD and non-AD animal models. Hence, in this review, we will summarize the data supporting the use of PDE inhibitors as cognitive enhancers and we will discuss the possible mechanisms of action underlying these effects. We shall also adopt a medicinal chemistry perspective that leads us to propose the most promising PDE candidates on the basis of inhibitor selectivity, brain distribution, and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-Osta
- Molecular and Cell Neuropharmacology
Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, CIMA (Centro de investigación Médica Aplicada), Avda Pio
XII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor
- Molecular and Cell Neuropharmacology
Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, CIMA (Centro de investigación Médica Aplicada), Avda Pio
XII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina García-Barroso
- Molecular and Cell Neuropharmacology
Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, CIMA (Centro de investigación Médica Aplicada), Avda Pio
XII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzábal
- Molecular and Cell Neuropharmacology
Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, CIMA (Centro de investigación Médica Aplicada), Avda Pio
XII, Pamplona, Spain
- Small
Molecule Discovery Platform, CIMA (Centro
de investigación Médica
Aplicada), Avda Pio XII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Molecular and Cell Neuropharmacology
Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, CIMA (Centro de investigación Médica Aplicada), Avda Pio
XII, Pamplona, Spain
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García-Barroso C, Ricobaraza A, Pascual-Lucas M, Unceta N, Rico AJ, Goicolea MA, Sallés J, Lanciego JL, Oyarzabal J, Franco R, Cuadrado-Tejedor M, García-Osta A. Tadalafil crosses the blood-brain barrier and reverses cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of AD. Neuropharmacology 2012; 64:114-23. [PMID: 22776546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive function can be restored in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) following administration of sildenafil, a specific PDE5 inhibitor (Puzzo et al., 2009; Cuadrado-Tejedor et al.). Another very potent PDE5 inhibitor with a longer half-life and safe in chronic treatments, tadalafil, may represent a better alternative candidate for AD therapy. However, tadalafil was proven unable to achieve similar benefits than those of sildenafil in AD animal models (Puzzo et al., 2009). The lack of efficacy was attributed to inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this paper we first measured the blood and brain levels of tadalafil to prove that the compound crosses BBB and that chronic treatment leads to accumulation in the brain of the J20 transgenic mouse model of AD. We demonstrated the presence of PDE5 mRNA in the brain of the mice and also in the human brain. After a 10 week treatment with either of these PDE5 inhibitors, the performance of the J20 mice in the Morris water maze test improved when compared with the transgenic mice that received vehicle. Biochemical analysis revealed that neither sildenafil nor tadalafil altered the amyloid burden, although both compounds reduced Tau phosphorylation in the mouse hippocampus. This study provides evidence of the potential benefits of a chronic tadalafil treatment in AD therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina García-Barroso
- Cell and Molecular Neuropharmacology, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Av. Pio XII 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Utkan T, Gocmez SS, Ozer C, Gacar N, Aricioglu F. Selective and nonselective neuronal NOS inhibitors impair cognitive function in the three panel runway and passive avoidance tasks in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 101:515-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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