1
|
Akolgo GA, Partridge BM, D Craggs T, Amewu RK. Alternative boronic acids in the detection of Mycolactone A/B using the thin layer chromatography (f-TLC) method for diagnosis of Buruli ulcer. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:495. [PMID: 37501134 PMCID: PMC10373253 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer. The pathology of M. ulcerans disease has been attributed to the secretion of a potent macrolide cytotoxin known as mycolactone which plays an important role in the virulence of the disease. Mycolactone is a biomarker for the diagnosis of BU that can be detected using the fluorescent-thin layer chromatography (f-TLC) technique. The technique relies on the chemical derivatization of mycolactone A/B with 2-naphthylboronic acid (BA) which acts as a fluorogenic chemosensor. However, background interferences due to co-extracted human tissue lipids, especially with clinical samples coupled with the subjectivity of the method call for an investigation to find an alternative to BA. METHODS Twenty-six commercially available arylboronic acids were initially screened as alternatives to BA using the f-TLC experiment. UV-vis measurements were also conducted to determine the absorption maximum spectra of mycolactone A/B and myco-boronic acid adducts followed by an investigation of the fluorescence-enhancing ability of the boronate ester formation between mycolactone A/B and our three most promising boronic acids (BA15, BA18, and BA21). LC-MS technique was employed to confirm the adduct formation between mycolactone and boronic acids. Furthermore, a comparative study was conducted between BA18 and BA using 6 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed BU patient samples. RESULTS Three of the boronic acids (BA15, BA18, and BA21) produced fluorescent band intensities superior to BA. Complexation studies conducted on thin layer chromatography (TLC) using 0.1 M solution of the three boronic acids and various volumes of 10 ng/µL of synthetic mycolactone ranging from 1 µL - 9 µL corresponding to 10 ng - 90 ng gave similar results with myco-BA18 adduct emerging with the most visibly intense fluorescence bands. UV-vis absorption maxima (λmax) for the free mycolactone A/B was observed at 362 nm, and the values for the adducts myco-BA15, myco-BA18, and myco-BA21 were at 272 nm, 270 nm, and 286 nm respectively. The comparable experimental λmax of 362 nm for mycolactone A/B to the calculated Woodward-Fieser value of 367 nm for the fatty acid side chain of mycolactone A/B demonstrate that even though 2 cyclic boronates were formed, only the boronate of the southern side chain with the chromophore was excited by irradiation at 365 nm. Fluorescence experiments have demonstrated that coupling BA18 to mycolactone A/B along the 1,3-diols remarkably enhanced the fluorescence intensity at 537 nm. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HR-MS) was used to confirm the formation of the myco-BA15 adduct. Finally, f-TLC analysis of patient samples with BA18 gave improved BA18-adduct intensities compared to the original BA-adduct. CONCLUSION Twenty-six commercially available boronic acids were investigated as alternatives to BA, used in the f-TLC analysis for the diagnosis of BU. Three (3) of them BA15, BA18, and BA21 gave superior fluorescence band intensity profiles. They gave profiles that were easier to interpret after the myco-boronic acid adduct formation and in experiments with clinical samples from patients with BA18 the best. BA18, therefore, has been identified as a potential alternative to BA and could provide a solution to the challenge of background interference of co-extracted human tissue lipids from clinical samples currently associated with the use of BA.
Collapse
Grants
- (164187, University of Sheffield, RBV1, UG) Global Challenges Research Fund
- (164187, University of Sheffield, RBV1, UG) Global Challenges Research Fund
- (164187, University of Sheffield, RBV1, UG) Global Challenges Research Fund
- (164187, University of Sheffield, RBV1, UG) Global Challenges Research Fund
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gideon A Akolgo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Benjamin M Partridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Timothy D Craggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Richard K Amewu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amewu RK, Spangenberg T. Detection of Mycolactone by Thin Layer Chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2387:131-149. [PMID: 34643909 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1779-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By means of thin layer chromatography coupled to a fluorescence enhancer, a highly sensitive and operationally simple method to detect the mycolactones stemming from the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans was developed and applied to various sample sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Global Health Institute of Merck, Ares Trading S.A. (a subsidiary of Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany), Eysins, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patrinoiu G, Calderon-Moreno JM, Somacescu S, Musuc AM, Spataru T, Ionita P, Carp O. Rational Functionalization Towards Redox-Active TEMPO Stable Free-Radical-Hydrochar Composites. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2042-2049. [PMID: 33734591 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although both stable free organic radicals and biomass-derived hydrochars have emerged as appealing, green, multifunctional materials, their association has not been explored. In this study, strength is found to lie in their union, which primarily leads to stable redox-active free-radical-hydrochar composites that can generate unexpected opportunities for the development of advanced metal-free sustainable materials. The composites are obtained by a straightforward green one-pot hydrothermal procedure. The loading of stable free radicals of nitroxide type and their localization is engineered by the nature of the carbohydrate and the reaction status; vigorous reaction parameters promote faster nucleation and growth kinetics of the hydrochar products, leading to a covalent immobilization of redox species on the surface of the carbonaceous microspherical aggregates. The nitroxide free-radical-hydrochar materials demonstrate enhancements in terms of both electrocatalytic activity and capacitive features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Patrinoiu
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Simona Somacescu
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina M Musuc
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tanta Spataru
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petre Ionita
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, 90 Panduri, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Carp
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma X, Liang X, Huang ZH, Qi SH. New alkaloids and isocoumarins from the marine gorgonian-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO 41501. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:1992-2000. [PMID: 30761921 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1569660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two new β-carboline alkaloids, aspergillspins A-B (1-2), three new quinolone alkaloids, aspergillspins C-E (3-5), and two new isocoumarins, aspergillspins F-G (6-7), together with four known alkaloids were isolated from the marine gorgonian-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO 41501. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configurations of several chiral carbons in 2 and 3 were further established by quantum chemical calculations of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities were also evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Hua Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lecourt C, Dhambri S, Yamani K, Boissonnat G, Specklin S, Fleury E, Hammad K, Auclair E, Sablé S, Grondin A, Arimondo PB, Sautel F, Massiot G, Meyer C, Cossy J, Sorin G, Lannou M, Ardisson J. Assembly of the Entire Carbon Backbone of a Stereoisomer of the Antitumor Marine Natural Product Hemicalide. Chemistry 2019; 25:2745-2749. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lecourt
- CNRS (UMR8638) Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Descartes 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Chemistry, Biology, Innovation ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR8231) PSL Research University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Sabrina Dhambri
- CNRS (UMR8638) Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Descartes 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Khalil Yamani
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Chemistry, Biology, Innovation ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR8231) PSL Research University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Guillaume Boissonnat
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Chemistry, Biology, Innovation ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR8231) PSL Research University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Simon Specklin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Chemistry, Biology, Innovation ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR8231) PSL Research University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Etienne Fleury
- CNRS (UMR8638) Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Descartes 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Karim Hammad
- CNRS (UMR8638) Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Descartes 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Eric Auclair
- Sanofi R&D Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville 13 quai Jules Guesde 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex France
| | - Serge Sablé
- Sanofi R&D Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville 13 quai Jules Guesde 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex France
| | - Antonio Grondin
- Pharmacochimie de la Régulation Epigénétique du Cancer (ETac) CNRS–Pierre Fabre (USR3388) 3 avenue Hubert Curien 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 France
| | - Paola B. Arimondo
- Pharmacochimie de la Régulation Epigénétique du Cancer (ETac) CNRS–Pierre Fabre (USR3388) 3 avenue Hubert Curien 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 France
| | - François Sautel
- Pharmacochimie de la Régulation Epigénétique du Cancer (ETac) CNRS–Pierre Fabre (USR3388) 3 avenue Hubert Curien 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 France
| | - Georges Massiot
- Pharmacochimie de la Régulation Epigénétique du Cancer (ETac) CNRS–Pierre Fabre (USR3388) 3 avenue Hubert Curien 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 France
| | - Christophe Meyer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Chemistry, Biology, Innovation ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR8231) PSL Research University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Chemistry, Biology, Innovation ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR8231) PSL Research University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Geoffroy Sorin
- CNRS (UMR8638) Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Descartes 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Marie‐Isabelle Lannou
- CNRS (UMR8638) Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Descartes 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Janick Ardisson
- CNRS (UMR8638) Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Descartes 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saint-Auret S, Abdelkafi H, Le Nouen D, Guenin-Macé L, Demangel C, Bisseret P, Blanchard N. Modular total syntheses of mycolactone A/B and its [ 2H]-isotopologue. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:7518-7522. [PMID: 28871293 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01943b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A modular total synthesis of mycolactone A/B, the exotoxin produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, has been achieved through the orchestration of several Pd-catalyzed key steps. While this route leads to a mixture of the natural product and its C12 epimer (4 : 1 ratio), this was inconsequential from the biological activity standpoint. Compared to the previously reported routes, this synthetic blueprint allows the late-stage modification of the toxin, as exemplified by the preparation of [22,22,22-2H3]-mycolactone A/B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Saint-Auret
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Membrane perturbing properties of toxin mycolactone from Mycobacterium ulcerans. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005972. [PMID: 29401455 PMCID: PMC5814095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolactone is the exotoxin produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans and is the virulence factor behind the neglected tropical disease Buruli ulcer. The toxin has a broad spectrum of biological effects within the host organism, stemming from its interaction with at least two molecular targets and the inhibition of protein uptake into the endoplasmic reticulum. Although it has been shown that the toxin can passively permeate into host cells, it is clearly lipophilic. Association with lipid carriers would have substantial implications for the toxin’s distribution within a host organism, delivery to cellular targets, diagnostic susceptibility, and mechanisms of pathogenicity. Yet the toxin’s interactions with, and distribution in, lipids are unknown. Herein we have used coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, guided by all-atom simulations, to study the interaction of mycolactone with pure and mixed lipid membranes. Using established techniques, we calculated the toxin’s preferential localization, membrane translocation, and impact on membrane physical and dynamical properties. The computed water-octanol partition coefficient indicates that mycolactone prefers to be in an organic phase rather than in an aqueous environment. Our results show that in a solvated membrane environment the exotoxin mainly localizes in the water-membrane interface, with a preference for the glycerol moiety of lipids, consistent with the reported studies that found it in lipid extracts of the cell. The calculated association constant to the model membrane is similar to the reported association constant for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. Mycolactone is shown to modify the physical properties of membranes, lowering the transition temperature, compressibility modulus, and critical line tension at which pores can be stabilized. It also shows a tendency to behave as a linactant, a molecule that localizes at the boundary between different fluid lipid domains in membranes and promotes inter-mixing of domains. This property has implications for the toxin’s cellular access, T-cell immunosuppression, and therapeutic potential. Mycolactone is a macrolide exotoxin secreted by Mycobacterium ulcerans, which causes a skin disease called Buruli ulcer, a neglected emerging disease. It is the third most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis and leprosy. Studies have shown how mycolactone plays a pivotal role in Buruli ulcer pathogenesis, and identified it as an attractive therapeutic target. This multifunctional cytotoxin exerts multiple local and global responses, including ulcerative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Prompted by its lipid-like structure, we used extensive multi-resolution simulations to probe mycolactone’s interactions with model membranes. Our results suggest that mycolactone is sequestered in membranes where it alters several dynamical, physical, and mechanical properties. It also behaves as a linactant, localizing at the interface between lipid domains and decreasing the inter-domain line tension. Our results shed light on how mycolactone permeates host cell membranes and is distributed between lipid and aqueous environments. These findings have significant implications for the toxin’s distribution in the host environment and mechanisms of pathogenicity. Understanding the toxin’s distribution and mechanism of trafficking will have ramifications for targeted diagnostics, therapeutic approaches, and our understanding of Buruli ulcer pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu Y, Wang M, Wu C, Tan Y, Li J, Hao X, Duan Y, Guan Y, Shang X, Wang Y, Xiao C, Gan M. Identification and Proposed Relative and Absolute Configurations of Niphimycins C-E from the Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. IMB7-145 by Genomic Analysis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:178-187. [PMID: 29308897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the whole genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. IMB7-145 revealed the presence of seven type I polyketide synthase biosynthetic gene clusters, one of which was highly homologous to the biosynthetic gene cluster of azalomycin F. Detailed bioinformatic analysis of the modular organization of the PKS gene suggested that this gene is responsible for niphimycin biosynthesis. Guided by genomic analysis, a large-scale cultivation ultimately led to the discovery and characterization of four new niphimycin congeners, namely, niphimycins C-E (1-3) and 17-O-methylniphimycin (4). The configurations of most stereocenters of niphimycins have not been determined to date. In the present study, the relative configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including J-based analysis and the CNMR database method. Further, the full absolute configurations of niphimycins were completely proposed for the first time based on biosynthetic gene cluster analysis of the ketoreductase and enoylreductase domains for hydroxy- and methyl-bearing stereocenters. Compounds 1, 3, 4, and niphimycin Iα (5) showed antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (MIC: 8-64 μg/mL), as well as cytotoxicity against the human HeLa cancer cell line (IC50: 3.0-9.0 μM). In addition, compounds 1 and 5 displayed significant activity against several Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates (MIC: 4-32 μg/mL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Hao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Duan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Shang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiguang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoluo Gan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gehringer M, Altmann KH. The chemistry and biology of mycolactones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1596-1660. [PMID: 28904608 PMCID: PMC5564285 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolactones are a group of macrolides excreted by the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans, which exhibit cytotoxic, immunosuppressive and analgesic properties. As the virulence factor of M. ulcerans, mycolactones are central to the pathogenesis of the neglected disease Buruli ulcer, a chronic and debilitating medical condition characterized by necrotic skin ulcers. Due to their complex structure and fascinating biology, mycolactones have inspired various total synthesis endeavors and structure-activity relationship studies. Although this review intends to cover all synthesis efforts in the field, special emphasis is given to the comparison of conceptually different approaches and to the discussion of more recent contributions. Furthermore, a detailed discussion of molecular targets and structure-activity relationships is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Babu VS, Zhou Y, Kishi Y. Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity of stabilized mycolactone analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1274-1277. [PMID: 28159417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
On exposure to visible light, mycolactone A/B, the causative toxin of Buruli ulcer, rearranges to a mixture of four photo-mycolactones apparently via a rare photochemically-induced [4πs+2πa] cycloaddition. In order to prevent the rearrangement, two C6'-C7' dihydromycolactone analogs 6'α-15 and 6'β-15 were designed and synthesized. 6'α-15 and 6'β-15 were shown to be stable under not only photochemical, but also acidic and basic conditions. Cytotoxicity was tested against arbitrarily chosen four cell lines (human Hek-293, human lung carcinoma A-549, human melanoma LOX-IMVI, and mouse L-929), thereby revealing that: (1) both analogs maintain potent cytotoxicity; (2) 6'β-15 exhibits significantly higher potency against human cell lines than 6'α-15; (3) in comparison with parent mycolactone A/B, 6'β-15 exhibits equal potency against human Hek-293, whereas significantly lower potency against human lung carcinoma A-549 and human melanoma LOX-IMVI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaddela Sudheer Babu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yoshito Kishi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saint-Auret S, Abdelkafi H, Le Nouen D, Bisseret P, Blanchard N. Synthetic strategies towards mycolactone A/B, an exotoxin secreted by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pitfalls and dead-ends pave the way to mycolactone A/B. This full account reports synthetic efforts towards this natural product that eventually culminated in a de novo total synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Saint-Auret
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 7509
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Hajer Abdelkafi
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 7509
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Didier Le Nouen
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566
- 68093 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Philippe Bisseret
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 7509
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 7509
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ganesh KR, Rao KR, Pratap T, Raghunadh A, Kumar SP, Basaveswara Rao M, Murthy C, Meruva SB. First stereo selective synthesis of 5-O-feruloyl-2-deoxy-d-ribono-γ-lactone. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Brown CA, Aggarwal VK. Short Convergent Synthesis of the Mycolactone Core Through Lithiation-Borylation Homologations. Chemistry 2015; 21:13900-3. [PMID: 26332797 PMCID: PMC6519258 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using iterative lithiation-borylation homologations, the mycolactone toxin core has been synthesized in 13 steps and 17% overall yield. The rapid build-up of molecular complexity, high convergence and high stereoselectivity are noteworthy features of this synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Brown
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS (UK)
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS (UK).
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li X, Babu VS, Kishi Y. Stereoselective total synthesis and stereochemistry confirmation of photo-mycolactones. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Heravi MM, Lashaki TB, Poorahmad N. Applications of Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation in total synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
16
|
Iso-petromyroxols: novel dihydroxylated tetrahydrofuran enantiomers from sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Molecules 2015; 20:5215-22. [PMID: 25806547 PMCID: PMC6272722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20035215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An enantiomeric pair of new fatty acid-derived hydroxylated tetrahydrofurans, here named iso-petromyroxols, were isolated from sea lamprey larvae-conditioned water. The relative configuration of iso-petromyroxol was elucidated with 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. The ratio of enantiomers (er) in the natural sample was measured by chiral-HPLC-MS/MS to be ca. 3:1 of (–)- to (+)-antipodes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Audoin C, Sánchez JA, Genta-Jouve G, Alfonso A, Rios L, Vale C, Thomas OP, Botana LM. Autumnalamide, a prenylated cyclic peptide from the cyanobacterium Phormidium autumnale, acts on SH-SY5Y cells at the mitochondrial level. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2196-2205. [PMID: 25265024 DOI: 10.1021/np500374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous cyanobacteria of the genus Phormidium have been rarely studied for their chemical diversity. For the first time, the cultivable Phormidium autumnale was shown to produce a prenylated cyclic peptide named autumnalamide (1). The structure of this peptide was fully determined after a deep exploration of the spectroscopic data, including NMR and HRMS. Interestingly, a prenyl moiety was located on the guanidine end of the arginine amino acid. The absolute configurations of most amino acids were assessed using enantioselective GC/MS analysis, with (13)C NMR modeling being used for the determination of d-arginine and d-proline. The effects of 1 on sodium and calcium fluxes were studied in SH-SY5Y and hNav 1.6 HEK cells. When the Ca(2+) influx was stimulated by thapsigargin, strong inhibition was observed in the presence of 1. As a consequence, this compound may act by disrupting the normal calcium uptake of this organelle, inducing the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which results in the indirect blockade of store-operated channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Audoin
- Institut de Chimie de Nice-PCRE, UMR 7272 CNRS, Faculty of Science, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis , Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chany AC, Veyron-Churlet R, Tresse C, Mayau V, Casarotto V, Le Chevalier F, Guenin-Macé L, Demangel C, Blanchard N. Synthetic variants of mycolactone bind and activate Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7382-95. [PMID: 25158122 DOI: 10.1021/jm5008819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycolactone is a complex macrolide toxin produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of skin lesions called Buruli ulcers. Mycolactone-mediated activation of neural (N) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins (WASP) induces defects in cell adhesion underpinning cytotoxicity and disease pathogenesis. We describe the chemical synthesis of 23 novel mycolactone analogues that differ in structure and modular assembly of the lactone core with its northern and southern polyketide side chains. The lactone core linked to southern chain was the minimal structure binding N-WASP and hematopoietic homolog WASP, where the number and configuration of hydroxyl groups on the acyl side chain impacted the degree of binding. A fluorescent derivative of this compound showed time-dependent accumulation in target cells. Furthermore, a simplified version of mycolactone mimicked the natural toxin for activation of WASP in vitro and induced comparable alterations of epithelial cell adhesion. Therefore, it constitutes a structural and functional surrogate of mycolactone for WASP/N-WASP-dependent effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Caroline Chany
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, Université de Haute-Alsace, ENSCMu , 3 Rue A. Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chany AC, Tresse C, Casarotto V, Blanchard N. History, biology and chemistry of Mycobacterium ulcerans infections (Buruli ulcer disease). Nat Prod Rep 2014; 30:1527-67. [PMID: 24178858 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans infections (Buruli ulcer disease) have a long history that can be traced back 150 years. The successive discoveries of the mycobacteria in 1948 and of mycolactone A/B in 1999, the toxin responsible for this dramatic necrotic skin disease, resulted in a paradigm shift concerning the disease itself and in a broader sense, delineated an entirely new role for bioactive polyketides as virulence factors. The fascinating history, biology and chemistry of M. ulcerans infections are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Caroline Chany
- Université de Haute Alsace, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, EA4566, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Structure-activity relationship studies on the macrolide exotoxin mycolactone of Mycobacterium ulcerans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2143. [PMID: 23556027 PMCID: PMC3610637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycolactones are a family of polyketide-derived macrolide exotoxins produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of the chronic necrotizing skin disease Buruli ulcer. The toxin is synthesized by polyketide synthases encoded by the virulence plasmid pMUM. The apoptotic, necrotic and immunosuppressive properties of mycolactones play a central role in the pathogenesis of M. ulcerans. Methodology/Principal Findings We have synthesized and tested a series of mycolactone derivatives to conduct structure-activity relationship studies. Flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and Alamar Blue-based metabolic assays were used to assess activities of mycolactones on the murine L929 fibroblast cell line. Modifications of the C-linked upper side chain (comprising C12–C20) caused less pronounced changes in cytotoxicity than modifications in the lower C5-O-linked polyunsaturated acyl side chain. A derivative with a truncated lower side chain was unique in having strong inhibitory effects on fibroblast metabolism and cell proliferation at non-cytotoxic concentrations. We also tested whether mycolactones have antimicrobial activity and found no activity against representatives of Gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumoniae) or Gram-negative bacteria (Neisseria meningitis and Escherichia coli), the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisae or the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Conclusion Highly defined synthetic compounds allowed to unambiguously compare biological activities of mycolactones expressed by different M. ulcerans lineages and may help identifying target structures and triggering pathways. Buruli ulcer is a chronic necrotizing skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The characteristic histopathological features of Buruli ulcer, severe destruction of subcutaneous tissue with minimal inflammation in the core of the lesion, are primarily attributed to the cytotoxic activity of mycolactone, the macrolide exotoxin of M. ulcerans. Different geographical lineages of M. ulcerans produce different structural variants of mycolactone. By using highly defined synthetic mycolactones, including both naturally occurring molecular species and additional non-natural variants, we have assessed the influence of the structure of the C-linked upper side chain and the lower C5-O-linked polyunsaturated acyl side chain on biological activity. Changes in the lower side chain affected the cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells more profoundly than changes in the upper side chain. Mycolactone A/B had no antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and was also inactive against Saccharomyces and Dictyostelium.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yuan G, Li P, Pan W, Pang H, Chen S. The relative configurations of azalomycins F5a, F4a and F3a. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Xing Y, Hande SM, Kishi Y. Photochemistry of Mycolactone A/B, the Causative Toxin of Buruli Ulcer. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19234-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja309215m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Xing
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,
United States
| | - Sudhir M. Hande
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,
United States
| | - Yoshito Kishi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hande SM, Kazumi Y, Lai WG, Jackson KL, Maeda S, Kishi Y. Synthesis and Structure of Two New Mycolactones Isolated from M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense. Org Lett 2012; 14:4618-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir M. Hande
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, and Eisai, Inc., Andover, Massachsetts 01810, United States
| | - Yuko Kazumi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, and Eisai, Inc., Andover, Massachsetts 01810, United States
| | - W. George Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, and Eisai, Inc., Andover, Massachsetts 01810, United States
| | - Katrina L. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, and Eisai, Inc., Andover, Massachsetts 01810, United States
| | - Shinji Maeda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, and Eisai, Inc., Andover, Massachsetts 01810, United States
| | - Yoshito Kishi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, and Eisai, Inc., Andover, Massachsetts 01810, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Helaly SE, Kulik A, Zinecker H, Ramachandaran K, Tan GYA, Imhoff JF, Süssmuth RD, Fiedler HP, Sabaratnam V. Langkolide, a 32-membered macrolactone antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp. Acta 3062. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1018-1024. [PMID: 22642587 DOI: 10.1021/np200580g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new 32-membered macrolactone antibiotic, named langkolide, was isolated from the mycelium of Streptomyces sp. Acta 3062. The langkolide structure was determined by HR-MS and 1D and 2D NMR as a 32-membered macrolactone connected from an overhanging polyketide tail to a naphthoquinone unit mediated by two carbohydrate moieties. The producing strain was isolated from a rhizosphere soil of Clitorea sp. collected at Burau Bay, Langkawi, Malaysia, and was characterized by its morphological and chemotaxonomic features in addition to its 16S rRNA gene sequence. It was identified as a member of the Streptomyces galbus clade. Langkolide exhibited various bioactivities including antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. Furthermore, langkolide inhibited human recombinant phosphodiesterase 4 with an IC(50) value of 0.48 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soleiman E Helaly
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chany AC, Casarotto V, Schmitt M, Tarnus C, Guenin-Macé L, Demangel C, Mirguet O, Eustache J, Blanchard N. A diverted total synthesis of mycolactone analogues: an insight into Buruli ulcer toxins. Chemistry 2011; 17:14413-9. [PMID: 22127975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycolactones are complex macrolides responsible for a severe necrotizing skin disease called Buruli ulcer. Deciphering their functional interactions is of fundamental importance for the understanding, and ultimately, the control of this devastating mycobacterial infection. We report herein a diverted total synthesis approach of mycolactones analogues and provide the first insights into their structure-activity relationship based on cytopathic assays on L929 fibroblasts. The lowest concentration inducing a cytopathic effect was determined for selected analogues, allowing a clear picture to emerge by comparison with the natural toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Caroline Chany
- Université de Haute-Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA4566, 3 rue A. Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gersbach P, Jantsch A, Feyen F, Scherr N, Dangy JP, Pluschke G, Altmann KH. A ring-closing metathesis (RCM)-based approach to mycolactones A/B. Chemistry 2011; 17:13017-31. [PMID: 21971832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the mycobacterial toxins mycolactones A/B (1 a/b) has been accomplished based on a strategy built around the construction of the mycolactone core through ring-closing metathesis. By employing the Grubbs second-generation catalyst, the 12-membered core macrocycle of mycolactones, with a functionalized C2 handle attached to C11, was obtained in 60-80 % yield. The C-linked upper side chain (comprising C12-C20) was completed by a highly efficient modified Suzuki coupling between C13 and C14, while the attachment of the C5-O-linked polyunsaturated acyl side chain was achieved by Yamaguchi esterification. Surprisingly, a diene containing a simple isopropyl group attached to C11 could not be induced to undergo ring-closing metathesis. By employing fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques, the synthetic mycolactones A/B (1 a/b) were demonstrated to display similar apoptosis-inducing and cytopathic effects as mycolactones A/B extracted from Mycobacterium ulcerans. In contrast, a simplified analogue with truncated upper and lower side chains was found to be inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gersbach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, HCI H405, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang G, Yin N, Negishi EI. Highly stereoselective total synthesis of fully hydroxy-protected mycolactones A and B and their stereoisomerization upon deprotection. Chemistry 2011; 17:4118-30. [PMID: 21412860 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Unprecedentedly efficient and highly (≥98 %) stereoselective syntheses of mycolactones A and B side chains relied heavily on Pd-catalyzed alkenylation (Negishi version) and were completed in 11 longest linear steps from ethyl (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate in 12% and 11% overall yield, respectively, roughly corresponding to an average of 82% yield per step. The synthesis of mycolactone core was realized by using Pd-catalyzed alkenyl-allyl coupling and an epoxide-opening reaction with a trialkylalkenylaluminate as key steps. Fully hydroxy-protected mycolactones A and B of ≥98% isomeric purity were synthesized successfully for the first time. However, unexpected 4:3-5:4 inseparable mixtures of mycolactones A and B were obtained upon deprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Wang
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Buruli ulcer is a severe and devastating skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, yet it is one of the most neglected diseases. The causative toxin, referred to as mycolactone A/B, was isolated and characterized as a polyketide-derived macrolide in 1999. The current status of the mycolactone chemistry is described, highlighting the stereochemistry assignment of mycolactone A/B; total synthesis; the structure determination of mycolactone congeners from the human pathogen M. ulcerans, the frog pathogen Mycobacterium liflandii, and the fish pathogen Mycobacterium marinum; the structural diversity in the mycolactone class of natural products; the highly sensitive detection/structure-analysis of mycolactones; and some biological activity.
Collapse
|
29
|
Aubry S, Lee RE, Mahrous EA, Small PLC, Beachboard D, Kishi Y. Synthesis and structure of mycolactone E isolated from frog mycobacterium. Org Lett 2010; 10:5385-8. [PMID: 18975952 DOI: 10.1021/ol802233f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structure of mycolactone E, isolated from the frog pathogen Mycobacterium liflandii, was established via organic synthesis. Within the mycolactone family of metabolites, a structural variation has been seen only at the unsaturated fatty acid moiety thus far, and mycolactone E follows this observation. Interestingly, the absolute configuration of its unsaturated fatty acid matches that of the mycolactones from human mycobacteria, rather than the structurally more closely related mycolactone F from fish mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Aubry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Synthesis and conformational analysis of carbasugar bioisosteres of α-l-iduronic acid and its methyl glycoside. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:984-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
31
|
Synthesis and structure assignment of the minor metabolite arising from the frog pathogen Mycobacterium liflandii. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:1782-1785. [PMID: 20305830 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Total synthesis and structure assignment of the minor metabolite present in lipid extracts of the frog pathogen Mycobacterium liflandii are reported.
Collapse
|
32
|
Jackson KL, Li W, Chen CL, Kishi Y. Scalable and efficient synthesis of the mycolactone core. Tetrahedron 2010; 66:2263-2272. [PMID: 20228884 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient, scalable, and stereoselective synthesis of the mycolactone core is reported. The synthesis consists of 14 longest linear steps, with 19% overall yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Spangenberg T, Kishi Y. Highly sensitive, operationally simple, cost/time effective detection of the mycolactones from the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1410-2. [PMID: 20162131 DOI: 10.1039/b924896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A boronate-assisted fluorogenic chemosensor in a solid phase is developed, selectively to detect the mycolactones produced by the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Spangenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ko KS, Alexander MD, Fontaine SD, Biggs-Houck JE, La Clair JJ, Burkart MD. Synthetic studies on the mycolactone core. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5159-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
Fleury E, Lannou MI, Bistri O, Sautel F, Massiot G, Pancrazi A, Ardisson J. Advances in the Universal NMR Database: Toward the Determination of the Relative Configurations of Large Polypropionates. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
36
|
Wang C, Tobrman T, Xu Z, Negishi EI. Highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-trisubstituted alkenes via propyne bromoboration and tandem Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling. Org Lett 2009; 11:4092-5. [PMID: 19694459 PMCID: PMC2766167 DOI: 10.1021/ol901566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to all previous reports, bromoboration of propyne with BBr(3) proceeds in >or=98% syn-selectivity to produce (Z)-2-bromo-1-propenyldibromoborane (1). Although 1 is readily prone to stereoisomerization, it can be converted to the pinacolboronate (2) of >or=98% isomeric purity by treatment with pinacol, which may then be subjected to Negishi coupling to give trisubstituted (Z)-alkenylpinacolboronates (3) containing various R groups in 73-90% yields. Iodinolysis of 3 affords alkenyl iodides (4) in 80-90% yields. All alkenes isolated and identified are >or=98% Z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | - Tomas Tobrman
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | - Ei-ichi Negishi
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim HJ, Jackson KL, Kishi Y, Williamson HR, Mosi L, Small PLC. Heterogeneity in the stereochemistry of mycolactones isolated from M. marinum: toxins produced by fresh vs. saltwater fish pathogens. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7402-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b917014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Hong H, Demangel C, Pidot SJ, Leadlay PF, Stinear T. Mycolactones: immunosuppressive and cytotoxic polyketides produced by aquatic mycobacteria. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:447-54. [PMID: 18497894 PMCID: PMC2730631 DOI: 10.1039/b803101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycolactones are a family of highly related macrocyclic polyketides that exhibit immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties. First discovered in 1999, they are the primary virulence factors produced by the environmental human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, and by some closely-related aquatic mycobacteria that cause disease in fish and frogs. Mycolactones are characterized by a common 12-membered lactone core to which is appended an unsaturated fatty acyl side-chain of variable length and oxidation state. This Highlight summarizes recent progress in understanding the structural diversity of the mycolactones, their biological activity and mode of action in mammalian cells, and the genetics, evolution, and enzymology of their biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hong H, Stinear T, Porter J, Demangel C, Leadlay PF. A novel mycolactone toxin obtained by biosynthetic engineering. Chembiochem 2008; 8:2043-7. [PMID: 17907121 PMCID: PMC2699038 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hong
- Sanger Building, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, (UK) E-mail:
| | - Tim Stinear
- Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityWellington Road, Clayton, 3800, (Australia)
| | - Jessica Porter
- Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityWellington Road, Clayton, 3800, (Australia)
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, (France)
| | - Peter F Leadlay
- Sanger Building, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, (UK) E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Je Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mandel AL, Jones BD, La Clair JJ, Burkart MD. A synthetic entry to pladienolide B and FD-895. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5159-64. [PMID: 17681759 PMCID: PMC2652656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Presented within are syntheses of the pladienolide B and FD-895 side-chains, as well as models of the essential ring-closing metathesis and Stille coupling that will be used to complete their total syntheses. Several analogs of the pladienolide B side-chain were also prepared in order to evaluate the scope of the methodology and to create a library of structures that could be used for stereochemical and SAR analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Mandel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bifulco G, Dambruoso P, Gomez-Paloma L, Riccio R. Determination of relative configuration in organic compounds by NMR spectroscopy and computational methods. Chem Rev 2007; 107:3744-79. [PMID: 17649982 DOI: 10.1021/cr030733c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bifulco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
First and second generation total syntheses of mycolactones A and B are reported. The first generation total synthesis unambiguously confirmed our earlier assignment of the relative and absolute stereochemistry of mycolactones A and B. Knowledge of the chemical properties of the mycolactones accumulated through the first generation total synthesis allowed us to implement several major improvements to the original synthesis, including: (1) optimizing the choice of protecting groups, (2) eliminating the unnecessary adjustment of protecting groups, and (3) improving the overall stereoselectivity and synthetic efficiency. The second generation total synthesis consists of 21 longest linear steps, with 8.8% overall yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Izzo I, Maulucci N, Bifulco G, De Riccardis F. Total synthesis of azumamides A and E. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:7557-60. [PMID: 16960909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano/Salerno, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Negishi EI. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Organometallic Reactions that Have Revolutionized Organic Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
46
|
Izzo I, Maulucci N, Bifulco G, De Riccardis F. Total Synthesis of Azumamides A and E. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Seike H, Ghosh I, Kishi Y. Attempts to Assemble a Universal NMR Database without Synthesis of NMR Database Compounds. Org Lett 2006; 8:3861-4. [PMID: 16898836 DOI: 10.1021/ol061580t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] The feasibility of assembling 3JH,H profiles from NMR data collected on relevant, but not necessarily specific, NMR database compounds representing a given stereocluster was demonstrated. By this approach, the 3JH,H profile was created for the contiguous tetraol peracetate stereocluster. The reliability and applicability of the database thus assembled were demonstrated for known peracetates derived from two heptoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Seike
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Judd TC, Bischoff A, Kishi Y, Adusumilli S, Small PLC. Structure determination of mycolactone C via total synthesis. Org Lett 2006; 6:4901-4. [PMID: 15606095 DOI: 10.1021/ol0479996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] By total synthesis, mycolactone C has been established as an approximately 1:1 mixture of Z-Delta4'5'- and E-Delta4'5'-geometric isomers of C12'-deoxymycolactones A and B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ted C Judd
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yin N, Wang G, Qian M, Negishi E. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Side Chains of Mycolactones A and B Featuring Stepwise Double Substitutions of 1,1-Dibromo-1-alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2916-20. [PMID: 16557634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yin
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yin N, Wang G, Qian M, Negishi E. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Side Chains of Mycolactones A and B Featuring Stepwise Double Substitutions of 1,1-Dibromo-1-alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|