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Zeng Y, Zhao L, Wang K, Renard CMGC, Le Bourvellec C, Hu Z, Liu X. A-type proanthocyanidins: Sources, structure, bioactivity, processing, nutrition, and potential applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13352. [PMID: 38634188 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A-type proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a subgroup of PAs that differ from B-type PAs by the presence of an ether bond between two consecutive constitutive units. This additional C-O-C bond gives them a more stable and hydrophobic character. They are of increasing interest due to their potential multiple nutritional effects with low toxicity in food processing and supplement development. They have been identified in several plants. However, the role of A-type PAs, especially their complex polymeric form (degree of polymerization and linkage), has not been specifically discussed and explored. Therefore, recent advances in the physicochemical and structural changes of A-type PAs and their functional properties during extraction, processing, and storing are evaluated. In addition, discussions on the sources, structures, bioactivities, potential applications in the food industry, and future research trends of their derivatives are highlighted. Litchis, cranberries, avocados, and persimmons are all favorable plant sources. Α-type PAs contribute directly or indirectly to human nutrition via the regulation of different degrees of polymerization and bonding types. Thermal processing could have a negative impact on the amount and structure of A-type PAs in the food matrix. More attention should be focused on nonthermal technologies that could better preserve their architecture and structure. The diversity and complexity of these compounds, as well as the difficulty in isolating and purifying natural A-type PAs, remain obstacles to their further applications. A-type PAs have received widespread acceptance and attention in the food industry but have not yet achieved their maximum potential for the future of food. Further research and development are therefore needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Zhuoyan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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2
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Shoji T, Masumoto S, Miura T. Mechanism of procyanidins for health functionality by improving the intestinal environment. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:345-351. [PMID: 38059864 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins are one of the polyphenols consisting of multiple flavan-3-ols (eg epicatechin). They have a complex chemical structure, with the degree of polymerization and linked position of flavan-3-ols varying among various foods, such as apples and chocolate. Physiological functional studies of procyanidins have investigated their mechanisms in cells and animals based on their antioxidant effects. Recently, the intestinal environment, including the intestinal microflora, has played an important role in the energy metabolism and health status of the host. Regulation of the intestinal environment by dietary polyphenols is becoming a new concept in health functions, and we have begun to investigate the mechanism of apple procyanidins, focusing on the gut microbiota and metabolites in our functional research. In this minireview, we will discuss the effects of procyanidin ingestion on the gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Shoji
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saeko Masumoto
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1, Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori, Japan
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3
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Dussling S, Steingass CB, Dreifke T, Will F, Schweiggert R. Analytical characterization of flavan-3-ol-rich apple juices produced with the innovative spiral filter press technology. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114055. [PMID: 38395572 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The retention of flavan-3-ols and other phenolic compounds during apple juice production at pilot plant scale (200 kg, cv. Boskoop) was investigated. An oxygen-excluding spiral filter press and a conventional decanter were used with and without pectinase mash treatment. Phenolic compounds were comprehensively identified and quantitated by RP-UHPLC and HILIC, both coupled to DAD-FLD and DAD-ESI(-)-QTOF-HR-MS/MS. These techniques combined with using a NIST cocoa flavan-3-ol standard allowed for the first time an individual quantification of flavan-3-ol fractions (DP 1-7) in apple juices. Spiral filter-pressed juices were exposed to less oxidation and exhibited four times higher total phenolic compound levels than decanter-made juices (1016 vs. 262 mg/L). Apple juices derived from pectinase-treated mashes had lower total phenolic compound levels than their non-treated counterparts. However, those made by spiral filter press still retained significantly higher concentrations (780 vs. 104 mg/L). Flavan-3-ols were especially well retained by spiral filter press processing, reaching unprecedentedly high concentrations of up to 713 mg/L. A 280 mL serving of non-treated spiral filter-pressed juice would therefore suffice to provide the daily intake of 200 mg flavan-3-ols, equaling the dose of cocoa flavan-3-ols associated with an authorized European health claim for healthy blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dussling
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany.
| | - Tim Dreifke
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Frank Will
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
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4
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Gabler AM, Ludwig A, Biener F, Waldner M, Dawid C, Frank O. Chemical Characterization of Red Wine Polymers and Their Interaction Affinity with Odorants. Foods 2024; 13:526. [PMID: 38397504 PMCID: PMC10888325 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to characterize red wine polymers with regard to their binding properties to aroma compounds (odorants), a qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical degradation products after different chemical treatments (thiolytic, acidic, and alkaline depolymerization) of high -molecular-weight (HMW) fractions of red wine was performed. Using 1H NMR, LC-ToF-MS, LC-MS/MS, and HPIC revealed key structural features such as carbohydrates, organic acids, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, amino acids, and flavan-3-ols responsible for odorant-polymer interactions. Further, NMR-based interaction studies of the selected aroma compounds 3-methylbutanol, cis-whisky lactone, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine with HMW polymers after chemical treatment demonstrated a reduced interaction affinity of the polymer compared to the native HMW fractions, and further, the importance of aromatic compounds such as flavan-3-ols for the formation of odorant polymer interactions. In addition, these observations could be verified by human sensory experiments. For the first time, the combination of a compositional analysis of red wine polymers and NMR-based interaction studies with chemically treated HMW fractions enabled the direct analysis of the correlation of the polymer's structure and its interaction affinity with key odorants in red wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Gabler
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany; (A.M.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Annalena Ludwig
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany; (A.M.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Florian Biener
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany; (A.M.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Magdalena Waldner
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany; (A.M.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany; (A.M.G.); (A.L.)
- Professorship for Functional Phytometabolomics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany; (A.M.G.); (A.L.)
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5
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Patel H, Li J, Bo L, Mehta R, Ashby CR, Wang S, Cai W, Chen ZS. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems to overcome drug resistance in cancer. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:5-30. [PMID: 38515777 PMCID: PMC10954245 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine is defined as the application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials for the formulation of cancer therapeutics that can overcome the impediments and restrictions of traditional chemotherapeutics. Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells can be defined as a decrease or abrogation in the efficacy of anticancer drugs that have different molecular structures and mechanisms of action and is one of the primary causes of therapeutic failure. There have been successes in the development of cancer nanomedicine to overcome MDR; however, relatively few of these formulations have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer. This is primarily due to the paucity of knowledge about nanotechnology and the fundamental biology of cancer cells. Here, we discuss the advances, types of nanomedicines, and the challenges regarding the translation of in vitro to in vivo results and their relevance to effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Letao Bo
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riddhi Mehta
- St. John’s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
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Uzelac M, Sladonja B, Šola I, Dudaš S, Bilić J, Famuyide IM, McGaw LJ, Eloff JN, Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Poljuha D. Invasive Alien Species as a Potential Source of Phytopharmaceuticals: Phenolic Composition and Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Leaf and Flower Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2715. [PMID: 37514330 PMCID: PMC10385011 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), an invasive tree in Europe, commonly known for its negative impact on biodiversity, is a rich source of phenolic compounds recognized in traditional medicine. Since the metabolite profile depends on the environment and climate, this study aimed to provide the first LC-MS phytochemical screening of the black locust from the Istria region (Croatia). The compounds were extracted from leaves and flowers with 70% ethanol and 80% methanol. Total phenolics (TP) and flavonoids (TF), as well as antioxidant capacity (AC) measured by ABTS (17.49-146.41 mg TE/g DW), DPPH (24.67-118.49 mg TE/g DW), and FRAP (7.38-77.53 mg TE/g DW) assays, were higher in leaf than in flower extracts. Higher TP and total non-flavonoid (TNF) values were displayed in ethanolic than in methanolic extracts. In total, 64 compounds were identified, of which flavonols (20) and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (15) were the most represented. Flavanols such as catechin dominated in leaf extracts, followed by flavonols, with kaempferol glucuronyl rhamnosyl hexosides as the main compound, respectively. Flower extracts had the highest share of flavones, followed by ellagitannins, with luteolin dirhamnosyl hexosides and vescalagin, respectively, being predominant. The extracts had good quorum sensing, biofilm formation prevention, and eradicating capacity. The results provided new insights into the phytochemical properties of R. pseudoacacia as the first step toward its potential pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Uzelac
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Barbara Sladonja
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Ivana Šola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slavica Dudaš
- Agricultural Department, Polytechnic of Rijeka, Karla Huguesa 6, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Josipa Bilić
- METRIS Research Centre, Istrian University of Applied Sciences, Zagrebačka 30, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Ibukun M Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Paraclinical Sciences Department, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Paraclinical Sciences Department, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Jacobus N Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Paraclinical Sciences Department, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijela Poljuha
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
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7
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Bindon K, Qi S, Kassara S, Nicolotti L, Jouin A, Beer M. Apple Pomace Compositional Data Highlighting the Proportional Contribution of Polymeric Procyanidins. Molecules 2023; 28:5494. [PMID: 37513366 PMCID: PMC10384618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increase in research focusing on the amelioration of apple pomace waste for use in the food and nutraceutical industries. Much of this work has concentrated on the characterisation of the polyphenol composition of apple pomace materials to determine their role in conferring nutritional and health benefits. Although apples contain substantial quantities of polymeric procyanidins (condensed tannins), this class of compounds has received limited attention in apple research. This study quantified the polymeric procyanidins in apple pomace extracts using a rapid, methyl-cellulose precipitation (MCP) approach for the first time. In addition, a non-targeted metabolomics approach was applied to determine the most abundant phenolic classes present. Polymeric procyanidins were found to be the most abundant type of polyphenol in apple pomace extracts and were generally oligomeric in nature. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was most strongly correlated with the polymeric procyanidin concentration. Noting that polymeric procyanidins may not cross the cell layer to exert antioxidant activity in vivo, their presence in apple pomace extracts may therefore overestimate the FRAP. This work highlights the importance of polymeric procyanidins in the phenolic diversity of apple pomaces, and it is proposed that in future studies, rapid MCP assays may be used for their quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Bindon
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Waite Precinct, Hartley Grove cnr Paratoo Road, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Song Qi
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Waite Precinct, Hartley Grove cnr Paratoo Road, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Stella Kassara
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Waite Precinct, Hartley Grove cnr Paratoo Road, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Luca Nicolotti
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Waite Precinct, Hartley Grove cnr Paratoo Road, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia (SA Node), Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Alicia Jouin
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Waite Precinct, Hartley Grove cnr Paratoo Road, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
- Institute of Vine and Wine Science, The University of Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Maggie Beer
- The Maggie Beer Foundation, SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Antunes Filho S, dos Santos MS, dos Santos OAL, Backx BP, Soran ML, Opriş O, Lung I, Stegarescu A, Bououdina M. Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts and Essential Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073060. [PMID: 37049821 PMCID: PMC10095647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts and essential oils have a wide variety of molecules with potential application in different fields such as medicine, the food industry, and cosmetics. Furthermore, these plant derivatives are widely interested in human and animal health, including potent antitumor, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal activity. Given this diversity, different methodologies were needed to optimize the extraction, purification, and characterization of each class of biomolecules. In addition, these plant products can still be used in the synthesis of nanomaterials to reduce the undesirable effects of conventional synthesis routes based on hazardous/toxic chemical reagents and associate the properties of nanomaterials with those present in extracts and essential oils. Vegetable oils and extracts are chemically complex, and although they are already used in the synthesis of nanomaterials, limited studies have examined which molecules are effectively acting in the synthesis and stabilization of these nanostructures. Similarly, few studies have investigated whether the molecules coating the nanomaterials derived from these extracts and essential oils would bring benefits or somehow reduce their potential activity. This synergistic effect presents a promising field to be further explored. Thus, in this review article, we conducted a comprehensive review addressing the main groups of molecules present in plant extracts and essential oils, their extraction capacity, and available methodologies for their characterization. Moreover, we highlighted the potential of these plant products in the synthesis of different metallic nanomaterials and their antimicrobial capacity. Furthermore, we correlated the extract’s role in antimicrobial activity, considering the potential synergy between molecules from the plant product and the different metallic forms associated with nanomaterials.
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Ayour J, Audergon JM, Renard CM, Benichou M, Le Bourvellec C. Phenolic profiling in ten apricot clones using an efficient method (Thioacidolysis-UFLC) and determination of their antioxidant potential. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Liu X, Le Bourvellec C, Guyot S, Renard CMGC. Reactivity of flavanols: Their fate in physical food processing and recent advances in their analysis by depolymerization. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4841-4880. [PMID: 34288366 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavanols, a subgroup of polyphenols, are secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties naturally produced in various plants (e.g., green tea, cocoa, grapes, and apples); they are a major polyphenol class in human foods and beverages, and have recognized effect on maintaining human health. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their changes (i.e., oxidation, polymerization, degradation, and epimerization) during various physical processing (i.e., heating, drying, mechanical shearing, high-pressure, ultrasound, and radiation) to improve the nutritional value of food products. However, the roles of flavanols, in particular for their polymerized forms, are often underestimated, for a large part because of analytical challenges: they are difficult to extract quantitatively, and their quantification demands chemical reactions. This review examines the existing data on the effects of different physical processing techniques on the content of flavanols and highlights the changes in epimerization and degree of polymerization, as well as some of the latest acidolysis methods for proanthocyanidin characterization and quantification. More and more evidence show that physical processing can affect content but also modify the structure of flavanols by promoting a series of internal reactions. The most important reactivity of flavanols in processing includes oxidative coupling and rearrangements, chain cleavage, structural rearrangements (e.g., polymerization, degradation, and epimerization), and addition to other macromolecules, that is, proteins and polysaccharides. Some acidolysis methods for the analysis of polymeric proanthocyanidins have been updated, which has contributed to complete analysis of proanthocyanidin structures in particular regarding their proportion of A-type proanthocyanidins and their degree of polymerization in various plants. However, future research is also needed to better extract and characterize high-polymer proanthocyanidins, whether in their native or modified forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Liu
- INRAE, Avignon University, UMR408 SQPOV, Avignon, France
| | | | - Sylvain Guyot
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA, Team Polyphenol, Reactivity & Processing (PRP), Le Rheu, France
| | - Catherine M G C Renard
- INRAE, Avignon University, UMR408 SQPOV, Avignon, France.,INRAE, TRANSFORM, Nantes, France
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11
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Guilois-Dubois S, Guyot S, Poupard P. Preparative isolation of apple flavan-3-ols monomers and oligomers using pH-zone-refining centrifugal partition chromatography combined with reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462382. [PMID: 34320431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols (catechin monomers and procyanidins) are the main class of polyphenols in apples and are found in high concentrations in cider apple varieties. They are known to be involved in bitterness and astringency in apple-based beverages, and also contribute to polyphenol nutritional intake.Therefore, highly purified flavan-3-ol fractions isolated from raw materials are needed to study their various properties. For this purpose, a gentle strategy combining pH-zone-refining centrifugal partition chromatography (pH-ZRCPC) and preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography (Prep-RPLC) was developed to recover one hundred milligrams of a high purity apple flavan-3-ol fraction. First, pH-ZRCPC fractionation in descending mode was optimized to remove hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives using a biphasic mixture composed of ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (3/2/5, v/v). Trifluoroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide were used as retainer and eluter, in the upper and lower phases, respectively. Secondly, Prep-RPLC separation was carried out in isocratic mode at 20% ACN to remove dihydrochalcones. Finally, from one gram of a crude polyphenol extract, four hundred and nine milligrams of a highly purified fraction of flavan-3-ols with an average degree of polymerization close to 3.1 was obtained with 73% recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guilois-Dubois
- INRAE UR BIA-Polyphenols, Reactivity, Processes, Le Rheu F-35653, France; UMT ACTIA Nova2Cidre, Le Rheu F-35653, France
| | - Sylvain Guyot
- INRAE UR BIA-Polyphenols, Reactivity, Processes, Le Rheu F-35653, France; UMT ACTIA Nova2Cidre, Le Rheu F-35653, France.
| | - Pascal Poupard
- IFPC (French Institute for Cider Production), Le Rheu F-35653, France; UMT ACTIA Nova2Cidre, Le Rheu F-35653, France
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12
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Examining the Performance of Two Extraction Solvent Systems on Phenolic Constituents from U.S. Southeastern Blackberries. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134001. [PMID: 34208968 PMCID: PMC8271949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Two common extraction solvent systems, namely acidified aqueous methanol and acidified aqueous acetone, were used to extract blackberry phenolics, and the antioxidant properties of the recovered extracts were compared. The crude extracts were fractionated into low- and high-molecular-weight phenolics by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The hydrophilic-oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORACFL), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays were employed as indices to assess antioxidant capacity of the extracts and their respective fractions. The methanolic solvent system displayed a greater efficiency at extracting anthocyanin and flavonol constituents from the blackberries, while the acetonic solvent system was better at extracting flavan-3-ols and tannins. Anthocyanins were the dominant phenolic class found in the blackberries with 138.7 ± 9.8 mg C3G eq./100 g f.w. when using methanol as the extractant and 114.6 ± 3.4 mg C3G eq./100 g f.w. when using acetone. In terms of overall antioxidant capacity of blackberry phenolics, the acetonic solvent system was superior. Though present only as a small percentage of the total phenolics in each crude extract, the flavan-3-ols (42.37 ± 2.44 and 51.44 ± 3.15 mg/100 g f.w. in MLF and ALF, respectively) and ellagitannins (5.15 ± 0.78 and 9.31 ± 0.63 mg/100 g f.w. in MHF and AHF, respectively) appear to account for the differences in the observed antioxidant activity between the two solvent systems.
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Kumar H, Bhardwaj K, Cruz-Martins N, Nepovimova E, Oleksak P, Dhanjal DS, Bhardwaj S, Singh R, Chopra C, Verma R, Chauhan PP, Kumar D, Kuča K. Applications of Fruit Polyphenols and Their Functionalized Nanoparticles Against Foodborne Bacteria: A Mini Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113447. [PMID: 34204121 PMCID: PMC8201231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ingestion of contaminated water and food is known to cause food illness. Moreover, on assessing the patients suffering from foodborne disease has revealed the role of microbes in such diseases. Concerning which different methods have been developed for protecting food from microbes, the treatment of food with chemicals has been reported to exhibit an unwanted organoleptic effect while also affecting the nutritional value of food. Owing to these challenges, the demand for natural food preservatives has substantially increased. Therefore, the interest of researchers and food industries has shifted towards fruit polyphenols as potent inhibitors of foodborne bacteria. Recently, numerous fruit polyphenols have been acclaimed for their ability to avert toxin production and biofilm formation. Furthermore, various studies have recommended using fruit polyphenols solely or in combination with chemical disinfectants and food preservatives. Currently, different nanoparticles have been synthesized using fruit polyphenols to curb the growth of pathogenic microbes. Hence, this review intends to summarize the current knowledge about fruit polyphenols as antibacterial agents against foodborne pathogens. Additionally, the application of different fruit extracts in synthesizing functionalized nanoparticles has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (P.O.)
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (P.O.)
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Sonali Bhardwaj
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Prem Parkash Chauhan
- Lal Bahadur Shashtri, Government Degree College, Saraswati Nagar, Shimla 171206, India;
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (K.K.); Tel.: +420-603-289-166 (K.K.)
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (P.O.)
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (K.K.); Tel.: +420-603-289-166 (K.K.)
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Bioactive procyanidins from dietary sources: The relationship between bioactivity and polymerization degree. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Nutritional, Phytochemical Characteristics and In Vitro Effect on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Lipase, and Cholinesterase Activities of 12 Coloured Carrot Varieties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040808. [PMID: 33918549 PMCID: PMC8070462 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve carrot varieties with different colours (purple, orange, yellow, and white) and sizes (normal, mini, and micro) were analysed for prospective health benefits (activities against diabetes-, obesity-, and aging- related enzymes-α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, acetylocholinesterase, and butyrylocholinesterase, respectively) and nutritional contents (polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophylls). The conducted studies showed that the highest content of total polyphenols was observed in different sizes of purple carrots. The normal yellow and mini orange carrots demonstrated the highest content of carotenoids. According to the study results, the mini purple carrot showed the highest activities against diabetes-related enzyme (α-glucosidase); furthermore, the highest activities of cholinesterase inhibitors were observed for micro purple carrot. Nevertheless, normal orange carrot exhibited the highest activity against lipase. The results of the present study showed that purple-coloured carrot samples of different sizes (normal, mini, and micro) exhibited attractive nutritional contents. However, their pro-health effects (anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-aging) should not be seen in the inhibition of amylase, glucosidase, lipase, and cholinesterase. Probably the mechanisms of their action are more complex, and the possible health-promoting effect results from the synergy of many compounds, including fibre, phytochemicals, vitamins, and minerals. Therefore, it would be worth continuing research on different varieties of carrots.
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Liu X, Renard CM, Rolland-Sabaté A, Le Bourvellec C. Exploring interactions between pectins and procyanidins: Structure-function relationships. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Structure Analysis and Study of Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Lotus Roots. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051369. [PMID: 33806398 PMCID: PMC7961348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam is a mangrove plant that spread in many parts of the world. Though mangrove plant polyphenols have been reported to exhibit many biological activities, little is known about mangrove plant tannins. To explore the application value of tannins from B. gymnorhiza, analyses on the structure and biological activity of condensed tannins (CTs) from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam were carried out. The results from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) showed that the CTs were dominated by procyanidins, with a small quantity of prodelphinidins and propelargonidins; and that the monomeric constituents of B. gymnorhiza tannins were catechin/epicatechin, gallocatechin/epigallocatechin and afzelechin/epiafzelechin. The CTs were reversible and mixed competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase and the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) was estimated to be 123.90 ± 0.140 μg/mL. The antioxidant activities of CTs from B. gymnorhiza leaves were evaluated, the IC50 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) (ABTS) scavenging activities were 88.81 ± 0.135 and 105.03 ± 0.130 μg/mL, respectively, and the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value was 1052.27 ± 4.17 mgAAE/g. In addition, the results from fresh-keeping assays on fresh-cut lotus root reveal that CTs from B. gymnorhiza had excellent effects on inhibiting the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), protecting fresh-cut lotus root from the oxidation of total phenolics and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and slowing the increase in total phenol content (TPC) at 4 °C during the whole storage period. Therefore, CTs showed good effects against the browning of fresh-cut lotus root. Together, these results suggested that B. gymnorhiza CTs are promising antibrowning agents for fresh-cut fruits.
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Liu X, Renard CM, Rolland-Sabaté A, Bureau S, Le Bourvellec C. Modification of apple, beet and kiwifruit cell walls by boiling in acid conditions: Common and specific responses. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wang J, Zhang R, Jiang J, Duan W, Fan P, Li S, Wang L. Flavan-3-ols in Vitis seeds: Their extraction and analysis by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109911. [PMID: 33509478 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An orthogonal L1643 × 22 test design was applied to select the optimum conditions for extracting flavan-3-ols in grape seeds. Highest yield of flavan-3-ols was achieved with 80% methanol, a ratio [1:30 (g/mL)] of sample-to-solvent, sonication for 20 min, and extraction at 25 °C for 12 h in darkness. The optimized analytical method for HPLC separation was a multistep gradient elution using 1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid (B), at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min in 36 min. Moreover, fourteen flavan-3-ols were separated and identified using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, including four monomers ((+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate) and ten oligomers (three dimers, four trimers, two tetramers and one pentamer). The optimized method was used to determine flavan-3-ols content and compositions among ten representative cultivars. The new wine grape - Beihong, had higher flavan-3-ols content and polymerization than classic wine grapes - Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Semillon and Riesling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong / Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Wei Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
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20
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Mutha RE, Tatiya AU, Surana SJ. Flavonoids as natural phenolic compounds and their role in therapeutics: an overview. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:25. [PMID: 33495733 PMCID: PMC7816146 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural plants and plant-derived formulations have been used by mankind from the ancient period of time. For the past few years, many investigations elaborated the therapeutic potential of various secondary chemicals present in the plants. Literature revealed that the various secondary metabolites, viz. phenolics and flavonoids, are responsible for a variety of therapeutic action in humans. MAIN BODY In the present review, an attempt has been made to compile the exploration of natural phenolic compounds with major emphasis on flavonoids and their therapeutic potential too. Interestingly, long-term intake of many dietary foods (rich in phenolics) proved to be protective against the development and management of diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. CONCLUSION This review presents an overview of flavonoid compounds to use them as a potential therapeutic alternative in various diseases and disorders. In addition, the present understanding of phenolics and flavonoids will serve as the basis for the next scientific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh E. Mutha
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dist., Dhule, Maharashtra 425405 India
| | - Anilkumar U. Tatiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dist., Dhule, Maharashtra 425405 India
| | - Sanjay J. Surana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dist., Dhule, Maharashtra 425405 India
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21
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Abstract
Total phenolic content is widely accepted as a key measure of quality for cider. Apple juice and cider, made from six apple varieties including dessert and cider apples, were analysed for total phenolics using three different methods: (a) the Folin-Ciocalteu method, (b) the Somers method (a spectrophotometric method developed specifically for wine), and (c) ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) as a benchmark test. Of these approaches, the Somers method had the strongest correlation with UPLC with an R2 value of 0.99, whilst the Folin-Ciocalteu correlated with UPLC with an R2 value of 0.89. The Folin-Ciocalteu method also had a strong positive correlation with the Somers approach with an R2 value of 0.91. Correlations between methods were strongest for apple varieties that were naturally high in phenolic content. These results highlight the potential of the Somers method to rapidly, inexpensively, and accurately report the total phenolic content of apple juice and ciders made from dessert and cider apple varieties.
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22
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Wong-Paz JE, Guyot S, Aguilar-Zárate P, Muñiz-Márquez DB, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Aguilar CN. Structural characterization of native and oxidized procyanidins (condensed tannins) from coffee pulp (Coffea arabica) using phloroglucinolysis and thioglycolysis-HPLC-ESI-MS. Food Chem 2020; 340:127830. [PMID: 32919355 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins from coffee pulp are responsible from the limited valorization of this by-product. Information about procyanidin structure is still scarce and imprecise. The aim of this work was to study the native and oxidized procyanidins from coffee pulp with respect to composition and structure. An aqueous acetone extract from coffee pulp was purified using Sephadex LH-20. Butanolysis, phloroglucinolysis and thioglycolysis coupled to HLPC-ESI-MS were applied for the characterization of the native and oxidized procyanidins. The purification allowed to recovery three fractions (aqueous, ethanolic and acetonic) and only acetone fraction showed a high concentration of procyanidins (98%, w/w). HPLC-ESI-MS of procyanidins-rich fraction without any reaction resulted in a UV-Vis chromatogram unresolved typical of the presence of procyanidins. The extracted ion chromatogram and MS2 analysis revealed the presence from dimers to pentamers of native procyanidins. Interestingly, by first time an A-type trimeric procyanidin (m/z of 863) was observed in coffee pulp. In our study, (-)-epicatechin was the constitutive unit of procyanidins with an aDP of 6.8 (oligomeric native procyanidins) according to the phloroglucinolysis assay. Two oxidation markers useful to characterization of oxidized procyanidins were observed in the procyanidins-rich fraction after thioglycolysis, a dimer A2-ext and a molecule that corresponds to a linkage between an extension and a terminal unit. Coffee pulp procyanidins were presented with only a minor class of oxidized procyanidins. As far as we know, this is the first study about characterization of the oxidized procyanidins from coffee pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Wong-Paz
- Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Food Research Department, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coah, Mexico; Engineering Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Valles, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Ciudad Valles, SLP, Mexico
| | - Sylvain Guyot
- INRA, UR1268 BIA, Team Polyphenol, Reactivity & Processing (PRP), BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Pedro Aguilar-Zárate
- Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Food Research Department, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coah, Mexico; Engineering Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Valles, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Ciudad Valles, SLP, Mexico
| | - Diana B Muñiz-Márquez
- Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Food Research Department, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coah, Mexico; Engineering Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Valles, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Ciudad Valles, SLP, Mexico
| | - Juan C Contreras-Esquivel
- Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Food Research Department, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coah, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Food Research Department, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coah, Mexico.
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23
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Číž M, Dvořáková A, Skočková V, Kubala L. The Role of Dietary Phenolic Compounds in Epigenetic Modulation Involved in Inflammatory Processes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080691. [PMID: 32756302 PMCID: PMC7464822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the interactions between dietary phenolic compounds and the epigenetics of inflammation may impact pathological conditions and their treatment. Phenolic compounds are well-known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer properties, with potential benefits in the treatment of various human diseases. Emerging studies bring evidence that nutrition may play an essential role in immune system modulation also by altering gene expression. This review discusses epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification, and non-coding microRNA activity that regulate the gene expression of molecules involved in inflammatory processes. Special attention is paid to the molecular basis of NF-κB modulation by dietary phenolic compounds. The regulation of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase activity, which all influence NF-κB signaling, seems to be a crucial mechanism of the epigenetic control of inflammation by phenolic compounds. Moreover, chronic inflammatory processes are reported to be closely connected to the major stages of carcinogenesis and other non-communicable diseases. Therefore, dietary phenolic compounds-targeted epigenetics is becoming an attractive approach for disease prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Číž
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.D.); (V.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-541-517-104
| | - Adéla Dvořáková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.D.); (V.S.); (L.K.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Skočková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.D.); (V.S.); (L.K.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.D.); (V.S.); (L.K.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
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Bonaldo F, Guella G, Mattivi F, Catorci D, Arapitsas P. Kinetic investigations of sulfite addition to flavanols. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12792. [PMID: 32732961 PMCID: PMC7393157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavanols are an important class of natural products occurring in almost all plants, fruits and vegetables; they have a great influence on wine ageing potential, astringency, colour stability and biological activities. In wine, flavanols react with sulfur dioxide ([Formula: see text]), the most widely used preservative in oenology, leading to sulfonated products. Here we report a kinetic investigation, through LC-MS quantitative measurements carried out at different pH (3 and 4) and temperature values (23, 30, 40, 50 and [Formula: see text]), of the reaction products obtained by [Formula: see text] addition to both monomeric (epicatechin and catechin) and dimeric flavanols (procyanidin B2 and procyanidin B3). The results proved that: (a) the major sulfonation route that leads quickly and in good yields to monomeric 4[Formula: see text]-sulfonated derivatives passes through the acid-catalysed depolymerisation of proanthocyanidins; (b) monomeric flavanols lead to the same 4[Formula: see text]-sulfonated products, although in a considerably slower manner, and also to other sulfonated regioisomers; (c) the kinetic data in our hands, in particular the temperature dependence of the observed rates, suggest the involvement of two completely different reaction mechanisms for the [Formula: see text] addition to dimeric and monomeric flavanol substrates; (d) direct sulfonation of epicatechin is slightly faster than that of catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bonaldo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniele Catorci
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
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Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Cunsolo V, Tringali C. Mass Spectrometry and 1H-NMR Study of Schinopsis lorentzii (Quebracho) Tannins as a Source of Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Principles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143257. [PMID: 32708865 PMCID: PMC7397293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethyl acetate extract of the commercial tannin Tan’Activ QS-SOL (from Schinopsis lorentzii wood), employed for the production of red wine, was subjected to chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, providing nine fractions (A-1–A-9), which were estimated for total phenols content (GAE), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ORAC), and hypoglycemic activity (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition). All the fractions were analyzed by means of HPLC/ESI-MS/MS and 1H-NMR to identify the principal active constituents. Fractions A-1 and A-3 showed the highest antioxidant activity and gallic acid (1), pyrogallol (3), eriodictyol (6), catechin (12), and taxifolin (30) were identified as the major constituents. The highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in fractions A-7–A-9 containing condensed (9′, 15, 18, 19, 23, and 27) hydrolysable tannins (13 and 32) as well as esters of quinic acid with different units of gallic acid (5, 11, 11′, 14, and 22). This last class of gallic acid esters are here reported for the first time as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors.
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do Nascimento SB, de Lima Nascimento M, de Araújo LL, de Oliveira FM, do Carmo Vieira M, Duarte-Almeida JM, Siqueira JM, da Costa César I, Derendorf H, de Castro WV. Evaluation of the Effects of Maytenus ilicifolia on the Activities of Cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:281-290. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200512112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Maytenus ilicifolia is a Brazilian popular medicine commonly used to treat ulcer and
gastritis. Despite the absence of toxicity regarding its consumption, possible interactions when co-administrated with
conventional drugs, are unknown.
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of M. ilicifolia extracts on Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activities.
Method:
The extracts were obtained by infusion (MI) or turbo-extraction using hydro-acetonic solvent (MT70). The
content of polyphenols in each extract was determined. To assess the modulation of M. ilicifolia on P-gp activity, the
uptake of fexofenadine (FEX) by Caco-2 cells was investigated in the absence or presence of MI or MT70. The effect
on CYP3A activity was evaluated by the co-administration of midazolam (MDZ) with each extract in male Wistar
rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug were determined and compared with those from the control group.
The content of total phenolic compounds, tannins, and flavonoids on MT70 extract was about double of that found in
MI.
Results:
In the presence of the extracts, the uptake of the P-gp marker (FEX) by Caco-2 cells increased from
1.7 ± 0.4 ng.mg-1 protein (control) to 3.5 ± 0.2 ng.mg-1 protein (MI) and 4.4 ± 0.5 ng.mg-1 protein (MT70),
respectively. When orally co-administrated with MDZ (substrate of CYP3A), the extracts augmented the AUC(0-∞)
(Control: 911.7 ± 215.7 ng.h.mL-1; MI: 1947 ± 554.3 ng.h.mL-1; MT70: 2219.0 ± 506.3 ng.h.mL-1) and the
Cmax (Control: 407.7 ± 90.4 ng.mL-1; MI: 1770.5 ± 764.5 ng.mL-1; MT70: 1987.2 ± 544.9 ng.mL-1) of the drug in rats
indicating a 50% reduction of the oral Cl. No effect was observed when midazolam was given intravenously.
Conclusion:
The results suggest that M. ilicifolia can inhibit the intestinal metabolism and transport of drugs
mediated by CYP3A and P-gp, respectively, however, the involvement of other transporters and the clinical
relevance of such interaction still need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Batista do Nascimento
- Federal University of Sao Joao del-Rei, Av. Sebastiao Goncalves Coelho, 400, Campus Centro-Oeste, Chanadour, Divinopolis-MG, CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Lima Nascimento
- Federal University of Sao Joao del-Rei, Av. Sebastiao Goncalves Coelho, 400, Campus Centro-Oeste, Chanadour, Divinopolis-MG, CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Laís Lobato de Araújo
- Federal University of Sao Joao del-Rei, Av. Sebastiao Goncalves Coelho, 400, Campus Centro-Oeste, Chanadour, Divinopolis-MG, CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Flávio Martins de Oliveira
- Federal University of Sao Joao del-Rei, Av. Sebastiao Goncalves Coelho, 400, Campus Centro-Oeste, Chanadour, Divinopolis-MG, CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Vieira
- Federal University of Grande Dourados R. Joao Rosa Goes, 1761-Vila Progresso, Dourados-MS, CEP: 79825-070, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Maurício Duarte-Almeida
- Federal University of Sao Joao del-Rei, Av. Sebastiao Goncalves Coelho, 400, Campus Centro-Oeste, Chanadour, Divinopolis-MG, CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
| | - João Máximo Siqueira
- Federal University of Sao Joao del-Rei, Av. Sebastiao Goncalves Coelho, 400, Campus Centro-Oeste, Chanadour, Divinopolis-MG, CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Isabela da Costa César
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antonio Carlos, 667, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Hartmut Derendorf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Whocely Victor de Castro
- Federal University of Sao Joao del-Rei, Av. Sebastiao Goncalves Coelho, 400, Campus Centro-Oeste, Chanadour, Divinopolis-MG, CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
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Wang Y, Harrington PDB, Chen P. Quantitative analysis of proanthocyanidins in cocoa using cysteamine-induced thiolysis and reversed-phase UPLC. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4343-4352. [PMID: 32372274 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The thiolysis of B-type proanthocyanidins in cocoa by cysteamine was evaluated and optimized for its application in cocoa proanthocyanidin quantification. Four thiolysis products consisting of epicatechin, catechin, and their thioethers formed with cysteamine were separated and characterized by reversed-phase UPLC with photo diode array (PDA) detection and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). A thiolysis time of 20 min under 60 °C temperature was determined as the optimal condition for cocoa proanthocyanidin depolymerization. The optimized thiolysis condition was applied to four cocoa bean samples for proanthocyanidin quantification, using commercially available procyanidin B2 dimer as a reference standard. Satisfactory linearity and quantification and detection limits were achieved for the calibration curves, and proanthocyanidin contents determined by thiolysis were found to be higher than those determined by a published method based on normal-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results in this study suggest promising application potential of cysteamine as an odorless thiolysis agent in routine quantitative analysis of B-type proanthocyanidins. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Peter de B Harrington
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Pei Chen
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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28
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Giribaldi J, Besson M, Suc L, Fulcrand H, Mouls L. The use of extracted-ion chromatograms to quantify the composition of condensed tannin subunits. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8619. [PMID: 31658393 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Giribaldi
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Besson
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucas Suc
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fulcrand
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Laetitia Mouls
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, UMR1083, F-34060, Montpellier, France
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29
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Monfoulet LE, Buffière C, Istas G, Dufour C, Le Bourvellec C, Mercier S, Bayle D, Boby C, Remond D, Borel P, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Milenkovic D, Morand C. Effects of the apple matrix on the postprandial bioavailability of flavan-3-ols and nutrigenomic response of apple polyphenols in minipigs challenged with a high fat meal. Food Funct 2020; 11:5077-5090. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00346h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Food matrix interactions with polyphenols can affect their bioavailability and as a consequence may modulate their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geoffrey Istas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences
- School of Life Course Sciences
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine
- King's College
- London
| | - Claire Dufour
- INRAE
- Université d′Avignon
- UMR408
- Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d′Origine Végétale (SQPOV)
- Avignon
| | - Carine Le Bourvellec
- INRAE
- Université d′Avignon
- UMR408
- Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d′Origine Végétale (SQPOV)
- Avignon
| | - Sylvie Mercier
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- INRAE
- UNH
- Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | | | - Céline Boby
- INRAE
- Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores
- Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Didier Remond
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- INRAE
- UNH
- Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | | | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences
- School of Life Course Sciences
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine
- King's College
- London
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30
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Mena P, Bresciani L, Brindani N, Ludwig IA, Pereira-Caro G, Angelino D, Llorach R, Calani L, Brighenti F, Clifford MN, Gill CIR, Crozier A, Curti C, Del Rio D. Phenyl-γ-valerolactones and phenylvaleric acids, the main colonic metabolites of flavan-3-ols: synthesis, analysis, bioavailability, and bioactivity. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:714-752. [PMID: 30468210 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00062j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1958 to June 2018 Phenyl-γ-valerolactones (PVLs) and their related phenylvaleric acids (PVAs) are the main metabolites of flavan-3-ols, the major class of flavonoids in the human diet. Despite their presumed importance, these gut microbiota-derived compounds have, to date, in terms of biological activity, been considered subordinate to their parent dietary compounds, the flavan-3-ol monomers and proanthocyanidins. In this review, the role and prospects of PVLs and PVAs as key metabolites in the understanding of the health features of flavan-3-ols have been critically assessed. Among the topics covered, are proposals for a standardised nomenclature for PVLs and PVAs. The formation, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of PVLs and PVAs from different types of flavan-3-ols are discussed, taking into account in vitro and animal studies, as well as inter-individual differences and the existence of putative flavan-3-ol metabotypes. Synthetic strategies used for the preparation of PVLs are considered and the methodologies for their identification and quantification assessed. Metabolomic approaches unravelling the role of PVLs and PVAs as biomarkers of intake are also described. Finally, the biological activity of these microbial catabolites in different experimental models is summarised. Knowledge gaps and future research are considered in this key area of dietary (poly)phenol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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31
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Compositional characterization study on high -molecular -mass polymeric polyphenols in red wines by chemical degradation. Food Res Int 2019; 123:440-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Gong CF, Wang YX, Wang ML, Su WC, Wang Q, Chen QX, Shi Y. Evaluation of the Structure and Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from Acanthus ilicifolius Linn and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Fuji Apples. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:855-870. [PMID: 31131419 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTS) have been isolated and purified from leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. And their structures were investigated by three methods: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The results showed that the CTS were a mixture of catechin/epicatechin, galatechin/epicatechin, and amphicin/epigalin, and that the polymer chain lengths were 3-mers to 14-mers. Antityrosinase activities and antioxidant activities of the CTS from A. ilicifolius leaves were further studied. The IC50 of the CTS on mushroom tyrosinase activity was determined to be 19.7 ± 0.13 μg/mL, and inhibition type analyses indicated that the CTS were mixed type inhibitors and their inhibition CTS was reversible. The CTS from A. ilicifolius leaves also exhibited potential antioxidant activity. The IC50 of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities were 104 ± 0.894 μg/mL and 86 ± 0.616 μg/mL, respectively. And the FRAP value was 758.28 ± 2.42 mg AAE/g. In addition, we found that the CTS from A. ilicifolius leaves had an excellent effect on preserving the quality of fresh-cut apples by preventing apples from browning through reducing polyphenol oxidase activities in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fang Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Yu-Xia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Meng-Li Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Wei-Chao Su
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China.
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33
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Rubert-Nason KF, Lindroth RL. Analysis of condensed tannins in Populus spp. using reversed phase UPLC-PDA-(-)esi-MS following thiolytic depolymerisation. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:257-267. [PMID: 30548354 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Condensed tannins (CTs) are proanthocyanidin heteropolymers that are widely distributed among plants. Their biochemical properties are determined by molecular structure (e.g. polymer size, hydroxylation, stereochemistry). In Populus, genetically and environmentally-determined CT concentrations have been related to ecological effects, while the potential role of CT molecular structure has received little attention. OBJECTIVE Evaluate CT polymerisation, major constituent monomers, stereochemistry and overall content in Populus tremuloides foliage using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-(-)esi-MS) detection following thiolytic depolymerisation of the CTs. METHODOLOGY CTs were extracted from dried foliage of six P. tremuloides genotypes into methanol and thiolytically depolymerised into constituent monomers. Calibration standards were prepared by thiolysis of CT mixtures isolated from P. tremuloides foliage on Sephadex LH-20, followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Populus tremuloides CTs contained predominantly repeating subunits of three putative stereoisomers each of catechin and gallocatechin. Linear calibrations for standards of these subunits and their thioethers (purities 44-87%, UPLC-(-)esi-MS) were generally stable over the course of 10 months. CT polymer size, hydroxylation, stereochemistry and concentrations differed among genotypes. CONCLUSION This thiolysis-UPLC-PDA-(-)esiMS method was optimised for analysis of CT polymer size, hydroxylation, stereochemistry, and total concentration in Populus foliage. It revealed significant variation in each of these properties among P. tremuloides genotypes, and will facilitate evaluation of how environmental factors affect CT molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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34
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Brahem M, Renard CM, Bureau S, Watrelot AA, Le Bourvellec C. Pear ripeness and tissue type impact procyanidin-cell wall interactions. Food Chem 2019; 275:754-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Luca SV, Macovei I, Bujor A, Miron A, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Aprotosoaie AC, Trifan A. Bioactivity of dietary polyphenols: The role of metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:626-659. [PMID: 30614249 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1546669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic pathologies by modulating numerous physiological processes, such as cellular redox potential, enzymatic activity, cell proliferation and signaling transduction pathways. However, polyphenols have a low oral bioavailability mainly due to an extensive biotransformation mediated by phase I and phase II reactions in enterocytes and liver but also by gut microbiota. Despite low oral bioavailability, most polyphenols proved significant biological effects which brought into attention the low bioavailability/high bioactivity paradox. In recent years, polyphenol metabolites have attracted great interest as many of them showed similar or higher intrinsic biological effects in comparison to the parent compounds. There is a huge body of literature reporting on the biological functions of polyphenol metabolites generated by phase I and phase II metabolic reactions and gut microbiota-mediated biotransformation. In this respect, the review highlights the pharmacokinetic fate of the major dietary polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, rutin, genistein, daidzein, ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins) in order to further address the efficacy of biometabolites as compared to parent molecules. The present work strongly supports the contribution of metabolites to the health benefits of polyphenols, thus offering a better perspective in understanding the role played by dietary polyphenols in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania.,Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Irina Macovei
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bujor
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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36
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Vazquez‐Flores AA, Martinez‐Gonzalez AI, Alvarez‐Parrilla E, Díaz‐Sánchez ÁG, la Rosa LA, González‐Aguilar GA, Aguilar CN. Proanthocyanidins with a Low Degree of Polymerization are Good Inhibitors of Digestive Enzymes Because of their Ability to form Specific Interactions: A Hypothesis. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2895-2902. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma A. Vazquez‐Flores
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Alejandra I. Martinez‐Gonzalez
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Emilio Alvarez‐Parrilla
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Ángel G. Díaz‐Sánchez
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Laura A. la Rosa
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Gustavo A. González‐Aguilar
- Coordinación en Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen VegetalCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. (CIAD, AC) Carretera a la Victoria Km. 0.6, La Victoria Hermosillo Sonora CP 83000 México
| | - Cristóbal N. Aguilar
- Dept. of Food ResearchUniversidad Autónoma de Coahuila CP 25280 Saltillo Coahuila México
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37
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Gascón S, Jiménez-Moreno N, Jiménez S, Quero J, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Ancín-Azpilicueta C. Nutraceutical composition of three pine bark extracts and their antiproliferative effect on Caco-2 cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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38
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Gao C, Cunningham DG, Liu H, Khoo C, Gu L. Development of a Thiolysis HPLC Method for the Analysis of Procyanidins in Cranberry Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2159-2167. [PMID: 29430926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a thiolysis HPLC method to quantify total procyanidins, the ratio of A-type linkages, and A-type procyanidin equivalents in cranberry products. Cysteamine was utilized as a low-odor substitute of toluene-α-thiol for thiolysis depolymerization. A reaction temperature of 70 °C and reaction time of 20 min, in 0.3 M of HCl, were determined to be optimum depolymerization conditions. Thiolytic products of cranberry procyanidins were separated by RP-HPLC and identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Standards curves of good linearity were obtained on thiolyzed procyanidin dimer A2 and B2 external standards. The detection and quantification limits, recovery, and precision of this method were validated. The new method was applied to quantitate total procyanidins, average degree of polymerization, ratio of A-type linkages, and A-type procyanidin equivalents in cranberry products. Results showed that the method was suitable for quantitative and qualitative analysis of procyanidins in cranberry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Gao
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - David G Cunningham
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. , Lakeville-Middleboro , Massachusetts 02349 , United States
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. , Lakeville-Middleboro , Massachusetts 02349 , United States
| | - Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. , Lakeville-Middleboro , Massachusetts 02349 , United States
| | - Liwei Gu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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39
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Boungo Teboukeu G, Tonfack Djikeng F, Klang MJ, Houketchang Ndomou S, Karuna MSL, Womeni HM. Polyphenol antioxidants from cocoa pods: Extraction optimization, effect of the optimized extract, and storage time on the stability of palm olein during thermoxidation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gires Boungo Teboukeu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Dschang, PO BOX 67; Dschang Cameroon
| | - Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Dschang, PO BOX 67; Dschang Cameroon
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Catholic University Institute of Buea, PO BOX 563; Buea Cameroon
| | - Mathilde Julie Klang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Dschang, PO BOX 67; Dschang Cameroon
| | - Serge Houketchang Ndomou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Dschang, PO BOX 67; Dschang Cameroon
| | | | - Hilaire Macaire Womeni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Dschang, PO BOX 67; Dschang Cameroon
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40
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Sasikala P, Chandralekha A, Chaurasiya RS, Chandrasekhar J, Raghavarao KSMS. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and adsorption of polyphenols from Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale). SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1391290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Sasikala
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - A. Chandralekha
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Ram Saran Chaurasiya
- Department of Technology Scale-up, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- AcSIR, CSIR-CFTRI Campus, Mysuru, India
| | - J. Chandrasekhar
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - K. S. M. S. Raghavarao
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- AcSIR, CSIR-CFTRI Campus, Mysuru, India
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41
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Hewarathna A, Mozziconacci O, Nariya MK, Kleindl PA, Xiong J, Fisher AC, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR, Forrest ML, Volkin DB, Deeds EJ, Schöneich C. Chemical Stability of the Botanical Drug Substance Crofelemer: A Model System for Comparative Characterization of Complex Mixture Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3257-3269. [PMID: 28688843 PMCID: PMC6644711 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As the second of a 3-part series of articles in this issue concerning the development of a mathematical model for comparative characterization of complex mixture drugs using crofelemer (CF) as a model compound, this work focuses on the evaluation of the chemical stability profile of CF. CF is a biopolymer containing a mixture of proanthocyanidin oligomers which are primarily composed of gallocatechin with a small contribution from catechin. CF extracted from drug product was subjected to molecular weight-based fractionation and thiolysis. Temperature stress and metal-catalyzed oxidation were selected for accelerated and forced degradation studies. Stressed CF samples were size fractionated, thiolyzed, and analyzed with a combination of negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and reversed-phase-HPLC with UV absorption and fluorescence detection. We further analyzed the chemical stability data sets for various CF samples generated from reversed-phase-HPLC-UV and ESI-MS using data-mining and machine learning approaches. In particular, calculations based on mutual information of over 800,000 data points in the ESI-MS analytical data set revealed specific CF cleavage and degradation products that were differentially generated under specific storage/degradation conditions, which were not initially identified using traditional analysis of the ESI-MS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Hewarathna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Maulik K Nariya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Peter A Kleindl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Adam C Fisher
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Eric J Deeds
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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42
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Brahem M, Eder S, Renard CM, Loonis M, Le Bourvellec C. Effect of maturity on the phenolic compositions of pear juice and cell wall effects on procyanidins transfer. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Le Bourvellec C, Gouble B, Bureau S, Reling P, Bott R, Ribas-Agusti A, Audergon JM, Renard CMGC. Impact of canning and storage on apricot carotenoids and polyphenols. Food Chem 2017; 240:615-625. [PMID: 28946320 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apricot polyphenols and carotenoids were monitored after industrial and domestic cooking, and after 2months of storage for industrial processing. The main apricot polyphenols were flavan-3-ols, flavan-3-ol monomers and oligomers, with an average degree of polymerization between 4.7 and 10.7 and caffeoylquinic acids. Flavonols and anthocyanins were minor phenolic compounds. Upon processing procyanidins were retained in apricot tissue. Hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ol monomers, flavonols and anthocyanins leached in the syrup. Flavonol concentrations on per-can basis were significantly increased after processing. Industrial processing effects were higher than domestic cooking probably due to higher temperature and longer duration. After 2months of storage, among polyphenols only hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ol monomers and anthocyanins were reduced. Whichever the processing method, no significant reductions of total carotenoids were observed after processing. The cis-β-carotene isomer was significantly increased after processing but with a lower extent in domestic cooking. Significant decreased in total carotenoid compounds occurred during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Le Bourvellec
- UMR408 SQPOV « Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale », INRA, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Barbara Gouble
- UMR408 SQPOV « Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale », INRA, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Sylvie Bureau
- UMR408 SQPOV « Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale », INRA, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Patrice Reling
- UMR408 SQPOV « Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale », INRA, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Romain Bott
- UMR408 SQPOV « Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale », INRA, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Albert Ribas-Agusti
- UMR408 SQPOV « Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale », INRA, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Audergon
- UR1052 GAFL « Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes », INRA, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Catherine M G C Renard
- UMR408 SQPOV « Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale », INRA, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
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44
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Domínguez-Rodríguez G, Marina ML, Plaza M. Strategies for the extraction and analysis of non-extractable polyphenols from plants. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1514:1-15. [PMID: 28778531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of studies based on phenolic compounds from plants are focused on the extractable fraction derived from an aqueous or aqueous-organic extraction. However, an important fraction of polyphenols is ignored due to the fact that they remain retained in the residue of extraction. They are the so-called non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs) which are high molecular weight polymeric polyphenols or individual low molecular weight phenolics associated to macromolecules. The scarce information available about NEPs shows that these compounds possess interesting biological activities. That is why the interest about the study of these compounds has been increasing in the last years. Furthermore, the extraction and characterization of NEPs are considered a challenge because the developed analytical methodologies present some limitations. Thus, the present literature review summarizes current knowledge of NEPs and the different methodologies for the extraction of these compounds, with a particular focus on hydrolysis treatments. Besides, this review provides information on the most recent developments in the purification, separation, identification and quantification of NEPs from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Brillouet JM, Fulcrand H, Carrillo S, Rouméas L, Romieu C. Isolation of Native Proanthocyanidins from Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and Other Fruits in Aqueous Buffer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2895-2901. [PMID: 28291348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannins (also called proanthocyanidins) present in strategic tissues of fruits (outer pericarp and vascular bundles) were known as short polymers of flavan-3-ols. A pretreatment of the plant material (fruits from the grapevine, persimmon) with buffered ascorbic acid and Triton X-100 followed by acetone extraction provided native white fully depolymerizable tannins. Tannins are usually extracted with aqueous solvents and further purified, although artifactual oxidations occur, altering their physicochemical characteristics. Compared to artifactually oxidized tannins prepared according to standard protocols, white tannins (also called leukotannins) exhibit a higher degree of polymerization and a far lower polydispersity.
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Hollands WJ, Voorspoels S, Jacobs G, Aaby K, Meisland A, Garcia-Villalba R, Tomas-Barberan F, Piskula MK, Mawson D, Vovk I, Needs PW, Kroon PA. Development, validation and evaluation of an analytical method for the determination of monomeric and oligomeric procyanidins in apple extracts. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1495:46-56. [PMID: 28341432 PMCID: PMC5390050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Method for simultaneous determination of individual apple procyanidins and catechins is presented. Procyanidins separated on a HILIC column. Accurate quantification achieved using isolated procyanidin oligomers. Method validated via an inter-laboratory evaluation.
There is a lack of data for individual oligomeric procyanidins in apples and apple extracts. Our aim was to develop, validate and evaluate an analytical method for the separation, identification and quantification of monomeric and oligomeric flavanols in apple extracts. To achieve this, we prepared two types of flavanol extracts from freeze-dried apples; one was an epicatechin-rich extract containing ∼30% (w/w) monomeric (−)-epicatechin which also contained oligomeric procyanidins (Extract A), the second was an oligomeric procyanidin-rich extract depleted of epicatechin (Extract B). The parameters considered for method optimisation were HPLC columns and conditions, sample heating, mass of extract and dilution volumes. The performance characteristics considered for method validation included standard linearity, method sensitivity, precision and trueness. Eight laboratories participated in the method evaluation. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was best achieved utilizing a Hilic column with a binary mobile phase consisting of acidic acetonitrile and acidic aqueous methanol. The final method showed linearity for epicatechin in the range 5–100 μg/mL with a correlation co-efficient >0.999. Intra-day and inter-day precision of the analytes ranged from 2 to 6% and 2 to 13% respectively. Up to dp3, trueness of the method was >95% but decreased with increasing dp. Within laboratory precision showed RSD values <5 and 10% for monomers and oligomers, respectively. Between laboratory precision was 4 and 15% (Extract A) and 7 and 30% (Extract B) for monomers and oligomers, respectively. An analytical method for the separation, identification and quantification of procyanidins in an apple extract was developed, validated and assessed. The results of the inter-laboratory evaluation indicate that the method is reliable and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- VITONV, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Griet Jacobs
- VITONV, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Kjersti Aaby
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Ane Meisland
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Rocio Garcia-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Tomas-Barberan
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mariusz K Piskula
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Irena Vovk
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paul W Needs
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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47
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Characterization and quantification of fruit phenolic compounds of European and Tunisian pear cultivars. Food Res Int 2017; 95:125-133. [PMID: 28395820 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The flesh and peel of 19 pear cultivars (8 Tunisian dessert cultivars, 8 European dessert cultivars and 3 French perry pear cultivars) were studied for their phenolic composition. Phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC/ESI-MS2 and individually quantified by HPLC-DAD. Five classes of polyphenols were present: flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins and simple phenolics (hydroquinones). The total phenolic content ranged between 0.1g/kg Fresh Weight (FW) ('Conference' cultivar) and 8.6g/kg FW ('Plant De Blanc' cultivar) in the flesh and between 1.6g/kg FW ('William vert' cultivar) and 40.4g/kg FW ('Arbi Chiheb' cultivar) in the peel. Procyanidins, analyzed after thioacidolysis, were the main phenolic compounds in all pear cultivars either in the pulp or the peel, their constitutive units being essentially (-)-epicatechin. Tunisian dessert pears and French perry pears are richer in procyanidins with very high degree of polymerization (>100) for Tunisian pears. Peel procyanidins were less polymerized (from 4 to 20). Pear peel phenolic profile was more complex especially for Tunisian cultivars, with flavonols and in some cultivars anthocyanins.
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48
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Xhanari K, Finšgar M, Knez Hrnčič M, Maver U, Knez Ž, Seiti B. Green corrosion inhibitors for aluminium and its alloys: a review. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03944a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive review on natural compounds as corrosion inhibitors for aluminium and aluminium alloys in different solutions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klodian Xhanari
- University of Maribor
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
- University of Tirana
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- University of Maribor
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
| | - Maša Knez Hrnčič
- University of Maribor
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- University of Maribor
- Faculty of Medicine
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- University of Maribor
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
| | - Bujar Seiti
- University of Tirana
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- 1001 Tirana
- Albania
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49
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Ali RFM, El-Anany AM. Stabilization of Neem Oil Biodiesel with Corn Silk Extract during Long-term Storage. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:133-145. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman M. El-Anany
- Special Food & Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center
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50
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Brahem M, Renard CM, Gouble B, Bureau S, Le Bourvellec C. Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:152-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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