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Chen C, Di Y, Zhuang Z, Cai H, Jia C, Wang W, Zhao D, Wei C, Zhang W, Zhou D, Zhang Y. Plasma circulating tumour DNA is a better source for diagnosis and mutational analysis of IVLBCL than tissue DNA. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18576. [PMID: 39054569 PMCID: PMC11272604 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a challenge due to its heterogeneous clinical presentation and lack of specific markers. This retrospective study investigated the utility of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) sequencing for diagnosing IVLBCL and analysing its mutation landscape. A cohort of 34 IVLBCL patients enrolled and underwent plasma ctDNA targeted sequencing. The median plasma ctDNA concentration was 135.0 ng/mL, significantly higher than that in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) controls. Correlations were found between ctDNA concentration and disease severity indicators, LDH and SF. Mutation analysis revealed frequent mutations in B-cell receptor and NF-κB signalling pathways, including MYD88 (56%), CD79B (44%), TNFAIP3 (38%) and IRF4 (29%). CNS involvement was significantly related with BCL6 and CD58 mutation. Patients with complicated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis had significantly higher mutation rates in B2M. Comparison with DLBCL subtypes showed distinctive mutation profiles in IVLBCL. Moreover, plasma ctDNA detected more mutations with higher variant allele fraction than tissue DNA, suggesting its superiority in sensitivity and accessibility. Dynamic monitoring of ctDNA during treatment correlated with therapeutic responses. This study revealed the role of ctDNA in IVLBCL diagnosis, mutation analysis, and treatment monitoring, offering a promising avenue for improving patient diagnosis in this rare lymphoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yiao Di
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Congwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chong Wei
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Daobin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Jackson NR. Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma Presenting as Sudden Death. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2023:00000433-990000000-00072. [PMID: 37093884 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is a rare subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of mature B lymphoma cells confined to the intravascular space. This disease remains elusive because it lacks a discrete tumor mass, can affect any part of the body, and has vague symptoms paired with heterogeneous clinical findings resulting in delayed or missed accurate diagnosis, even at postmortem examination. This is a case of a woman who died within hours of presenting to the emergency department with a diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma made through autopsy examination, adding to the knowledge of this rare disease and bringing it to the attention of practicing autopsy and forensic pathologists.
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CUTANEOUS B-CELL LYMPHOMAS: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS, RISK-STRATIFICATION, AND MANAGEMENT. Presse Med 2022; 51:104109. [PMID: 35026390 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PCBCLs are a group of Non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas originating in and usually confined to the skin, representing approximately one fourth of primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL). Their current classification system has been the result of the joint World Health Organization (WHO) - European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) consensus in 2018. To date, several types of PCBCLs have been described in the scientific literature, with different clinical presentation and prognosis. Primary cutaneous follicle-center lymphoma (PCFCL) and primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) are the most common forms, with a typical indolent course. On the contrary, primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL, LT) is less common, yet more aggressive, with a reported 5-year overall survival of approximatively 50%. In this review, we outline the PCBCLs defining diagnostic criteria, report the features of the less common subtypes and summarize the noteworthy therapeutical options currently available in this field.
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Odani K, Fujimoto M, Hirata M, Nishikori M, Usui S, Yamada Y, Saeki M, Ono K, Iwasa Y, Haga H. Immunohistochemistry of the oncofetal protein IMP3 is helpful in the diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma using skin biopsy. J Cutan Pathol 2022; 49:438-441. [PMID: 34981542 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncofetal protein insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein-3 (IMP3) is expressed in various cancers. In this study, we examined the diagnostic utility of IMP3 immunohistochemistry in the context of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVL). METHODS We obtained 25 skin biopsy (SB) specimens diagnosed as IVL and nine IVL-negative SB specimens from 27 IVL patients. Additionally, 27 negative SB specimens from 26 non-IVL patients were obtained from our pathology archives. We performed IMP3 immunohistochemistry on these 61 SB specimens, considering IMP3 expression in any mononuclear cell as positive. In selected cases, triple immunostaining for IMP3, PAX5, and CD34 was performed to analyze the origin and location of IMP3-positive cells. RESULTS IMP3 was expressed in most intravascular lymphoma cells in all the 25 SB specimens diagnosed as IVL. Furthermore, our evaluation revealed the presence of intravascular IMP3-positive B-cells in five of the nine negative SB specimens from IVL patients; however, this was not observed in the 27 SB specimens from non-IVL patients. CONCLUSION IMP3 was expressed in most IVL cells, and IMP3 immunohistochemistry could serve as a sensitive diagnostic aid for detecting IVL cells in SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Odani
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fujimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Nishikori
- Department of Hematology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunya Usui
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miho Saeki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ono
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoko Iwasa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Ameli F, Nili Ahmad Abadi F, Saffar H. Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma: A Report of Two Cases. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:346-350. [PMID: 32944050 PMCID: PMC7477687 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.119590.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
One of the rare variants of extranodal large B-cell lymphoma is intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL). Characteristics of IVLBCL include intraluminal selective proliferation of atypical lymphoid cells in small to medium-sized vessels. The etiologic of IVLBCL is unknown, but due to the growth pattern of this tumor, it is speculated that IVLBCL is caused by a defect in homing receptor of tumor cells. IVLBCL can involve any organ but central nervous system, lungs, and skin are the most involved sites. IVLBCL does not usually involve lymph nodes. IVLBCL mainly occurs in the middle aged to elderly population with a slight male predominance. Generally, IVLBCL is aggressive and rapidly fatal if left untreated. We here reported two cases of IVLBCL who succumbed to the disease at initial phase of treatment to emphasize the difficulty in diagnosis of IVLBCL due to its exclusive intravascular growth pattern and fulminant clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ameli
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nili Ahmad Abadi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Saffar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pulmonary Intravascular B-Cell Lymphoma with Angiotropism/Angioinvasion Mimicking Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Dilemma and Potential Diagnostic Challenge. Case Rep Hematol 2018; 2018:3821392. [PMID: 30402301 PMCID: PMC6196920 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3821392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare type of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Patients typically present with nonspecific findings, particularly bizarre neurologic symptoms, fever, and skin lesions. IVLBCL with primary lung presentation is very rare and difficult to diagnose. The authors report a case of a 75-year-old male who presented with neurological symptoms and showed diffuse pulmonary ground glass opacities on computed tomography scan (CT scan). Surgical lung biopsy was performed. Light microscopic examination of the specimen showed diffuse alveolar septal widening caused by neoplastic lymphocytes, which were positive for CD20. These atypical lymphoid cells also demonstrated angiotropism/angioinvasion of the medium sized pulmonary vessels. The patient was diagnosed with IVLBCL and underwent chemotherapy. The patient is still alive 12 months after diagnosis.
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Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: a chameleon with multiple faces and many masks. Blood 2018; 132:1561-1567. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-04-737445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Kano R, Masaie H, Hino A, Yasuoka H, Nagata S, Ishikawa J, Nakatsuka SI. Pure intravascular recurrence of CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma primarily arising from the nasal cavities. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:46. [PMID: 30041681 PMCID: PMC6058375 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVL) are recognized as rare subsets of large B-cell lymphoma with poor prognosis. These two categories have similar clinicopathological features suggesting that they might overlap. Case presentation We present a case of a 72-year-old man with submental tumors. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed tumors in the nasal and paranasal region and multiple submental and jugular swollen lymph nodes with abnormal uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Histology of biopsy from nasal tumors showed diffuse infiltration of large lymphoid cells, which showed positive expressions for CD20, CD79a, CD5 and negative for CD3 on immunohistochemistry. Thus, a CD5-positive DLBCL was diagnosed. After administration of 8 cycles of R-THPCOP (rituximab, pirarubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone), complete remission was achieved. Eight months after the first chemotherapy dose, local recurrence occurred. After salvage chemotherapy, nasal and paranasal tumors and lymph node swelling disappeared on PET/CT images, although the patient suffered from respiratory disturbance. A random skin biopsy revealed IVL, which was consistent with intravascular recurrence of CD5-positive DLBCL. Bone marrow smears showed hemophagocytosis. Conclusion We present a rare case of primary CD5-positive DLBCL that relapsed as pure IVL after chemotherapy. Our case suggests that CD5-positive DLBCL is closely related to IVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Kano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Masaie
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hino
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hironao Yasuoka
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-Town, Tenno-ji-ku, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Jun Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakatsuka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
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Small Cell Variant of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Highlighting a Potentially Fatal and Easily Missed Diagnosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9413015. [PMID: 29850589 PMCID: PMC5903319 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9413015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis. While typically described as comprising large atypical cells restricted to the lumina of small blood vessels, it can show variability in cell size. Objective To report the clinicopathologic features of the IVLBCL with small cell morphology and discuss the practical implications of our findings. Design We searched our archives for all IVLBCL diagnosed in our institution for the last 25 years (1992–2017). Slides were reviewed independently by two hematopathologists. Results We found a total of 11 cases of IVLBCL. Bone marrow, brain, lymph node, pericardium, small bowel, and fallopian tube and ovary were the organs in which the lymphoma was initially diagnosed. One of the cases initially diagnosed in the marrow showed intrasinusoidal involvement by a small cell lymphoma; the diagnosis was confirmed by random skin biopsies showing intravascular large cells with the same phenotype. Retrospective review of the liver on this case also showed the intrasinusoidal involvement by the disease consisting of small cells. In another case, IVLBCL that was initially diagnosed in a small bowel biopsy was retrospectively found in a breast biopsy, but with small cell morphology. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, in the presence of high clinical suspicion, IVLBCL should be high in the differential diagnosis when lymphoma is predominantly intravascular, even when the tumor cells are small. A timely diagnosis of this entity can be critical. Hence, awareness of a small cell variant of IVLBCL should be increased.
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Puckrin R, Pop P, Ghorab Z, Keith J, Chodirker L, Lin Y, Callum J. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma presenting as Richter's syndrome with cerebral involvement in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1444-1449. [PMID: 28878900 PMCID: PMC5582220 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which can present with B symptoms, rash, and neurological deterioration. Up to 10% of cases of IVLBCL are associated with other hematological neoplasms, including this extremely rare presentation of IVLBCL as Richter's transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Puckrin
- Postgraduate Medical Education University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Paula Pop
- Postgraduate Medical Education University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Zeina Ghorab
- Department of Anatomic Pathology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Julia Keith
- Department of Anatomic Pathology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Lisa Chodirker
- Department of Hematology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Yulia Lin
- Department of Clinical Pathology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jeannie Callum
- Department of Clinical Pathology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
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Fischer M, Iglseder S, Grams A, Matosevic B, Moser P, Stockhammer G, Pfausler B. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma mimicking central nervous system vasculitis. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Poropatich K, Dittmann D, Chen YH, Raparia K, Wolniak K, Gao J. A Small Case Series of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Unexpected Findings: Subset of Cases with Concomitant Extravascular Central Nervous System (CNS) Involvement Mimicking Primary CNS Lymphoma. J Pathol Transl Med 2017; 51:284-291. [PMID: 28415157 PMCID: PMC5445203 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2017.02.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare type of extranodal lymphoma with growth mainly in the lumina of vessels. We studied a small series of IVLBCL and focused on its central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Methods Searching the medical records of Northwestern Memorial Hospital, we identified five cases of IVLBCL from January 2007 to January 2015. Clinical information, hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic slides and immunohistochemistry studies were reviewed for all cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and light chain gene rearrangement was performed on all five cases. Results Three of the five cases of IVLBCL were autopsies. Patients’ age ranged from 56 to 84. CNS involvement was present in two cases—in both patients, the CNS involvement showed an extravascular pattern with confluent sheet-like formation. PCR analysis confirmed that in one case the systemic intravascular and CNS extravascular components were clonally identical. Conclusions In a small case series of IVLBCL, we observed that CNS involvement by IVLBCL often has an extravascular morphology, but is clonally identical to the intravascular counterpart by PCR analysis. As IVLBCL can have a rapidly progressing poor outcome, it should be kept in the differential diagnoses for patients presenting with lymphoma of the CNS. The presence of extravascular growth patterns in the CNS should not exclude IVLBCL as a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Poropatich
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dave Dittmann
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirtee Raparia
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristy Wolniak
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Brunet V, Marouan S, Routy JP, Hashem MA, Bernier V, Simard R, Petrella T, Lamarre L, Théorêt G, Carrier C, Knecht H, Fleury I, Pavic M. Retrospective study of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma cases diagnosed in Quebec: A retrospective study of 29 case reports. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5985. [PMID: 28151891 PMCID: PMC5293454 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVL) is an extremely rare malignancy, mainly studied through European and Asian series. Due to the low incidence of this condition, our understanding of the clinical presentation as well as the management of IVL relies on a limited number of patients.We report the largest North American study to date on IVL with 29 cases from Quebec hospital diagnosed between 1990 and 2016. The aim of our study is to describe the clinical presentations, diagnostic and staging procedures, therapeutic management and clinical outcomes of IVL patients in our population and compare the disease phenotype to European and Asian series reported.In our cohort, all patients had stage IV IVL at diagnosis, with a median age of 66.7 years (range 47.2-90.8). Clinical presentation was characterized by constitutional symptoms (100%), poor ECOG-PS (100% ≥ 2), cytopenias (93% anemia), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (97%) and C-reactive protein (96%). Our cohort presented with mainly cutaneous and neurological symptoms. However, neurological involvement (75.9%) was predominant and no "cutaneous variant" was observed; this differs from European literature, where "classical" IVL is reported with mainly cutaneous involvement. Two of our Caucasian patients presented "Asian variant" IVL; this observation is not unusual, as cases of "classical" IVL have been reported in Asians and "Asian variant" IVL has been reported in Europeans. All patients were classified according to their immunophenotypic features in 3 different subgroups (CD5 or CD5CD10, CD5CD10, CD5CD10) with no difference in outcome. Finally, 62% of our cohort received anthracycline-based chemotherapy and 53% of them achieved a complete response. After a median follow-up of 328 days, OS at 3 years was 42.7% for the entire cohort and 47.4% for the cases with in vivo diagnosis. CONCLUSION Unlike European studies on "classical" IVL, our study showed that the French Canadian presentation of this subtype of IVL is more frequently observed with neurological rather than cutaneous involvement. Finally, an early diagnosis is of primary importance since almost a quarter of patients receive a post-mortem diagnosis. A prompt diagnosis allows the introduction of an early treatment, associated with a CR in 53% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Brunet
- Department of Hematology-Oncology at Sherbrooke University Hospital Center, CIUSSS Estrie, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke
| | - Sofia Marouan
- Department of Pathology at Sherbrooke University Hospital Center, CIUSSS Estrie, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Department of Hematology-Oncology at McGill University Health Centre, CIUSSS Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, McGill University, Montreal
| | - Mohamed Amin Hashem
- Department of Pathology at Laval University Hospital Center, CIUSSS Capitale Nationale, University Laval, Quebec
| | - Vincent Bernier
- Department of Pathology at Laval University Hospital Center, CIUSSS Capitale Nationale, University Laval, Quebec
| | - Raynald Simard
- Department of Hematology-Oncology at Chicoutimi Hospital, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, University of Sherbrooke, Chicoutimi
| | - Tony Petrella
- Department of Pathology at Montreal University Hospital Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal
| | - Louis Lamarre
- Department of Pathology at Charles-Lemoyne Hospital, CIUSSS Montérégie-Centre, University of Sherbrooke, Longueuil
| | - Gilles Théorêt
- Department of Pathology at Cité-de-la-Santé Hospital, CIUSSS Laval, Laval
| | - Christian Carrier
- Department of Hematology-Oncology at Montreal University Hospital Center in Trois-Rivières, CIUSSS Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec, Trois-Rivieres
| | - Hans Knecht
- Department of Hematology-Oncology at McGill University Health Centre, CIUSSS Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, McGill University, Montreal
| | - Isabelle Fleury
- Department of Hematology-Oncology at Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, CIUSSS Est-de-l’Île-de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Pavic
- Department of Hematology-Oncology at Sherbrooke University Hospital Center, CIUSSS Estrie, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke
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Wang J, Ding W, Gao L, Yao W, Chen M, Zhao S, Liu W, Zhang W. High Frequency of Bone Marrow Involvement in Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 25:118-126. [PMID: 27553679 DOI: 10.1177/1066896916665203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Thirteen cases of IVLBCL with a median age of 56 years were analyzed retrospectively. Nonspecific symptoms such as fever and hepatosplenomegaly were the most common manifestations, and the bone marrow was usually involved in 8/13 (61.5%) cases. All tumors expressed CD20, and 12/13 (92.3%) of the tumors exhibited a nongerminal center phenotype by Hans algorithm. CD5 was expressed in 3/12 (25%) of the tumors. MYC was negative in all cases, and BCL2 was positive in 10/12 (83.3%) cases. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 5 cases that did not have rearrangements in either the MYC or the BCL2 gene. No association with Epstein-Barr virus was found. Seven of 11 patients received chemotherapy. The median survival time was 6 months. Patients with hemophagocytic syndrome had poor prognoses. Our study demonstrates that IVLBCL has a poor clinical outcome with a high frequency of bone marrow involvement and that the MYC gene may not play an important role in the poor prognosis of IVLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Wang
- 1 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenshuang Ding
- 1 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Limin Gao
- 1 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenqing Yao
- 1 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Chen
- 1 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- 1 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- 1 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- 1 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Aggressive Lymphomas Diagnosed in the Bone Marrow: Two Illustrative Cases. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2016; 32:125-9. [PMID: 27408373 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas with subtle patterns in the marrow can be a diagnostic challenge, unless a high index of suspicion is maintained. We present two patients with aggressive lymphomas who presented with cytopenias and the subsequent bone marrow examinations yielded surprising results. These cases highlight the potential usefulness of a bone marrow examination in the diagnosis of lymphomas in the absence of nodal or other tissue specimens.
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Poullot E, Jacquet-Kammerer SF, Pagenault M, Llamas-Gutierrez F. [A terrible endoscopy]. Ann Pathol 2015; 35:174-6. [PMID: 25765141 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Poullot
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 9, France
| | - Solène-Florence Jacquet-Kammerer
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 9, France; Institut de développement et génétique de Rennes (IDGR), CNRS UMR 6290, faculté de médecine, université Rennes 1, 2, avenue du Professeur-Léon-Bernard, 35043 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Mael Pagenault
- Service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie CHU Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 9, France
| | - Francisco Llamas-Gutierrez
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 9, France.
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Abstract
Background:Intravascular large cell lymphoma (ILCL) is a diagnostic challenge, with neurological, cutaneous and constitutional symptoms. The natural history is usually an evolution to a comatose state. As invasive procedures are usually required for diagnosis, recognizing the typical clinical pattern is critical since an effective treatment is available.Method:After an extensive literature review of the subject, we report a case of ILCL, analyzing clinical, laboratory, radiological and pathological data. We will also give a special attention to the clinical picture of a conus medullaris (CM) lesion with subsequent encephalopathy in the same patient.Results:We report here a 61-year-old woman with a paraplegia caused by a CM lesion, evolving about one year latter to encephalopathy and eventual coma, with the diagnosis of ILCL confirmed by autopsy. The present case is similar to eight other cases in literature who had CM lesion associated with ILCL, knowing that 80-90% of these patients will eventually evolve to encephalopathy without treatment. Conclusions: ILCL is a recognized but rare cause of coma. Diagnosing it is tremendously important since it is fatal if left untreated. We propose that this specific picture (conus medullaris lesion, eventually evolving to encephalopathy) is quite characteristic and will directly result in better outcome if recognized.
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Partovi S, Karimi S, Lyo JK, Esmaeili A, Tan J, Deangelis LM. Multimodality imaging of primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20130684. [PMID: 24646184 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) belongs to the group of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the management of the disease is radically different from other central nervous system neoplasms. Owing to its varied appearance on imaging, diagnosis of PCNSL can be challenging. The purpose of this pictorial review is to depict the brain findings of PCNSL during initial diagnosis in immunocompetent individuals. Multimodal imaging integrating advanced sequences can facilitate differentiation of PCNSL from other CNS neoplasms.
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García-Muñoz R, Rubio-Mediavilla S, Robles-de-Castro D, Muñoz A, Herrera-Pérez P, Rabasa P. Intravascular large B cell lymphoma. Leuk Res Rep 2014; 3:21-3. [PMID: 24596677 PMCID: PMC3939386 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVBCL) is a rare type of extranodal large B cell lymphoma characterized by selective growth of lymphoma cells within the microvasculature. We present an illustrative case of intravascular B cell lymphoma suspected by the presence of a very small monoclonal B cell population identified by immunophenotype and polymerase chain reaction in bone marrow. The diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aura Muñoz
- Hematology Service, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Rabasa
- Hematology Service, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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21
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McKelvie PA, Wools C, Roberts L, Cook M. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma occurring 25 years after treatment of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:2745-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.786071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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The labyrinth of pyrexia of unknown origin: a case of intravascular diffuse B cell lymphoma. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2013; 5:e2013019. [PMID: 23505607 PMCID: PMC3591259 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2013.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare, aggressive extranodal B cell lymphoma, classified as a subset of diffuse B cell lymphoma. IVLBCL typically occurs in elderly persons and the clinical heterogeneity of the condition makes the diagnosis elusive in most cases. Most of the reported cases have been in the Asian population with the majority of the cases being diagnosed postmortem. We present a unique case of IVLBCL in a 65-year-old Caucasian male who presented with fever of unknown origin.
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23
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Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis diagnosed in both skeletal muscle and nerve biopsies. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2012; 4:78-81. [PMID: 19078694 DOI: 10.1097/00131402-200212000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis (IML) is a lymphoma, usually of B-cell phenotype, confined to intravascular spaces. IML is a relatively rare disease that is usually diagnosed at autopsy. We report a biopsy-proven case and review 15 published cases that were diagnosed antemortem by muscle, nerve biopsy, or both.
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24
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Raza M, Qayyum S, Raza S, Goorha S. Intravascular B-cell lymphoma: an elusive diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:e144-5. [PMID: 22529262 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.38.7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Raza
- University of Tennessee Cancer Institute, Memphis, TN, USA.
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25
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Awad A, Estephan B, Stüve O. CNS intravascular lymphoma: a case report. Case Rep Neurol Med 2011; 2011:515182. [PMID: 22937342 PMCID: PMC3420686 DOI: 10.1155/2011/515182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular lymphoma is a rare but well-described entity. The clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented initially with syncope followed by subacute cognitive decline that progressed to minimally conscious state. Shortly after the transfer to our tertiary center the patient died. Brain autopsy disclosed the diagnosis of B-cell intravascular lymphoma. We speculate that syncope could be the first manifestation of central nervous system intravascular lymphoma and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained syncope. In addition, we stress the importance of early brain biopsy in unexplained white matter disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Awad
- Baton Rouge Neurology Associates, Baton Rouge General Medical Center, 3600 Florida Boulevard, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA
| | - Bachir Estephan
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, USA
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26
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Intravascular lymphoma presenting as a longitudinally-extensive myelitis: Diagnostic challenges and etiologic clues. J Neurol Sci 2011; 303:146-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Hishikawa N, Niwa H, Hara T, Hara K, Ito M, Shimada S, Yoshida M, Hashizume Y, Murakami N. An autopsy case of lymphomatosis cerebri showing pathological changes of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in visceral organs. Neuropathology 2011; 31:612-9. [PMID: 21382094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2011.01203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a 61-year-old man presenting with subacute encephalopathy. The clinical manifestations included progressive dementia and pyramidal and extrapyramidal tract signs. Brain CT scan and MRI showed diffuse bilateral white matter changes in the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus and brainstem. No contrast-enhanced lesion was observed. Peripheral blood studies, CSF analysis, and brain and muscle biopsies were nonspecific and failed to reveal diagnostic evidence of any specific disease. The patient was diagnosed with and treated for a cerebral demyelinating disorder. Post mortem examination showed diffuse infiltration of lymphoma cells without mass lesions in the extensive cerebral white and gray matter with minimal intravascular patterns, particularly in the perivascular and periventricular spaces. These findings were consistent with lymphomatosis cerebri (LC). In other visceral organs such as the lungs, liver, kidneys and adrenal glands, blood vessels were plugged by numerous neoplastic cells which were morphologically and immunohistochemically similar to those observed in the CNS, consistent with intravascular malignant lymphoma (IVL). To our knowledge, this is the first autopsy report showing the coexistence of LC and IVL. This case suggests a possible link between LC and IVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan.
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28
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Hyo R, Tomita N, Takeuchi K, Aoshima T, Fujita A, Kuwabara H, Hashimoto C, Takemura S, Taguchi J, Sakai R, Fujita H, Fujisawa S, Ogawa K, Motomura S, Suzuki R, Ishigatsubo Y. The therapeutic effect of rituximab on CD5-positive and CD5-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2010; 28:27-32. [PMID: 19358143 DOI: 10.1002/hon.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has improved markedly in recent years of rituximab era. The prognosis of de novo CD5-positive DLBCL is reported to be poor, but the effect of rituximab on this type of lymphoma remains unclear. To investigate the effect of rituximab on CD5-positive DLBCL, we collected DLBCL patients and analysed prognostic factors. A total of 157 patients with DLBCL who were immunophenotyped with flow-cytometry (FCM) and treated with chemotherapy were subjected to analysis. Those treated with radiotherapy alone or with supportive therapy only were not included. Patients diagnosed in 2003 or later were treated with rituximab combined chemotherapy. There were 95 males and 62 females. Their age ranged from 20 to 91 years old, and the median was 65 years. Nineteen patients were diagnosed as having de novo CD5-positive DLBCL. Rituximab was given alongside chemotherapy in 85 patients. Of these, 11 were positive for CD5 and 74 were negative. The addition of rituximab improved the overall survival (OS) of DLBCL patients (2-year OS: 82% vs. 70%, p = 0.01). For CD5-negative DLBCL, patients treated with rituximab showed 2-year OS of 84%, which was significantly better than those treated without rituximab (70%, p = 0.008). However, for CD5-positive DLBCL, the prognosis was not statistically different between the patients treated with and without rituximab (59% vs. 50%, p = 0.72). Although rituximab improved the prognosis of DLBCL, such improvement was restricted to the CD5-negative group. Further investigation is required to improve the prognosis of patients with CD5-positive DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Hyo
- Department of Hematology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan.
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29
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Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare disease entity of non-Hodgkin lymphoma according to the current WHO classification. This rare form of B-cell lymphoma is characterised by selective growth of tumour cells in the lumina of small vessels of various organs. Strange characteristics of IVLBCL, including the absence of marked lymphoadenopathy and the usually aggressive clinical behaviour, result in the delay of timely and accurate diagnosis and fatal complications. Thus, the prognosis of IVLBCL is extremely poor. The success achieved with the anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody, rituximab, represents an important milestone in the clinical practice of B-cell lymphoma. An advantage of adding rituximab to conventional chemotherapies has been shown, in the process of increasing our understanding of the clinical and pathological manifestations for IVLBCL. This Review describes the cutting edge of research on IVLBCL, and discusses the unsolved issues from biological and clinical perspectives to provide a better understanding of this rare lymphoma.
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30
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Narimatsu H, Morishita Y, Saito S, Shimada K, Ozeki K, Kohno A, Kato Y, Nagasaka T. Usefulness of Bone Marrow Aspiration for Definite Diagnosis of Asian Variant of Intravascular Lymphoma: Four Autopsied Cases. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:1611-6. [PMID: 15370213 DOI: 10.1080/10428190410001683769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Asian variant of intravascular lymphoma (AIVL) is characterized by hemophagocytic syndrome, pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly but usually lacks any neurological abnormality and skin lesions, which are typical features of classical intravascular lymphoma (IVL). An ante-mortem diagnosis of AIVL is difficult due to the absence of visible lymphoma lesions and unspecific clinical manifestations. A definite diagnosis relies on the presence of neoplastic B cells in the lumina of small vessels. Paraffin block samples of aspirated bone marrow clots were obtained from 4 patients with clinically suspected IVL and subjected to immunohistopathological analysis. All samples exhibited CD 20+ or CD 79a+ lymphoma cells proliferating intravascularly as well as erythrocytic hemophagocytosis. The distribution of neoplastic cells in the structure of the bone marrow allowed IVL to be distinguished from bone marrow invasions due to other types of lymphoma. We demonstrated the successful establishment of a definite ante-mortem diagnosis of AIVL in 3 of 4 patients by the rapid and simple method of using aspirated bone marrow samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Narimatsu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, JA Aichi Showa Hospital, Konan, Japan.
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31
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32
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Masaki Y, Dong L, Nakajima A, Iwao H, Miki M, Kurose N, Kinoshita E, Nojima T, Sawaki T, Kawanami T, Tanaka M, Shimoyama K, Kim C, Fukutoku M, Kawabata H, Fukushima T, Hirose Y, Takiguchi T, Konda S, Sugai S, Umehara H. Intravascular large B cell lymphoma: proposed of the strategy for early diagnosis and treatment of patients with rapid deteriorating condition. Int J Hematol 2009; 89:600-10. [PMID: 19363707 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-009-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We summarize our experience and propose methods for early diagnosis and treatment of intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVL). A total of 16 patients with IVL between 1994 and 2007 were included and analyzed in this study. Predicted survival durations were short until September 2003. However, there have been marked improvement since the introduction of rituximab, and all patients responded to treatment and survived for more than 1 year following diagnosis of IVL. We propose an early clinical diagnostic strategy for starting treatment for IVL patients with quite poor performance status (PS) and in whom time is a limiting factor: (1) age >40 years, (2) fever above 38 degrees C with poor PS (ECOG 2-4), (3) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) more than twice the upper limit of the normal level and/or sIL2R >5,000 IU/ml in serum, (4) worsening PS and/or elevation of serum LDH on a daily basis, and (5) confirmation of pathological lymphoid cells in peripheral blood or bone marrow smear and/or flow cytometry. Although accurate pathological diagnosis is quite important, time is a limiting factor for most of IVL patients. In such cases, we can start chemotherapy based on early clinical diagnostic strategy with high sensitivity and obtain good clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Masaki
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
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33
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Higgins RA, Blankenship JE, Kinney MC. Application of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin Lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008; 132:441-61. [DOI: 10.5858/2008-132-441-aoiitd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractContext.—Beginning with the immunologic classifications of Lukes and Collins and Kiel and culminating in the Revised European-American Lymphoma and World Health Organization classifications, the diagnosis of lymphoid tumors relies heavily on the determination of cell lineage, maturation, and function, based on antigen expression in addition to morphology and clinical features. Technologic advances in immunology, antibody production, genetic analysis, cloning, and the identification of new genes and proteins by microarray and proteomics have provided pathologists with many antibodies to use in routine diagnosis.Objective.—To provide guidance to the practicing pathologist in the appropriate selection of an antibody panel for the diagnosis of lymphoma based on morphology and relevant clinical data and to avoid pitfalls in the interpretation of immunohistochemical data. Attention is given to some of the newer antibodies, particularly against transcription factors, that are diagnostically and prognostically useful.Data Sources.—The information presented in this article is based on review of the literature using the OVID database (Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to present with daily update) and 20 years of experience in diagnostic hematopathology.Conclusions.—Immunophenotyping is required for the diagnosis and classification of lymphoid malignancies. Many paraffin-reactive antibodies are available to the pathologist but most are not specific. To avoid diagnostic pitfalls, interpretation of marker studies must be based on a panel and knowledge of a particular antigen's expression in normal, reactive, and neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A. Higgins
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Jennifer E. Blankenship
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Marsha C. Kinney
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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34
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Gleason BC, Brinster NK, Granter SR, Pinkus GS, Lindeman NI, Miller DM. Intravascular cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58:290-4. [PMID: 18222325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/24/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare subtype of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the World Health Organization classification. Although the majority of cases are of B-cell lineage, cases of IVL with a T-cell phenotype and, rarely, histiocytic and natural killer (NK)-cell phenotypes have been reported. We report a case of T-cell IVL with a cytotoxic phenotype. A 62-year-old male presented with erythematous patches and plaques on the lower extremities, and a biopsy revealed IVL with an activated cytotoxic phenotype (CD56(+), perforin+, granzyme B+, TIA-1+, CD3epsilon(+), CD20(-), CD4(-), CD8(-), CD5(-), and T-cell receptor [TCR] betaF1(-)), consistent with either NK-cell or T-cell origin. TCR gene analysis showed a monoclonal T-cell population, supporting the diagnosis of a T-cell IVL. Although the patient's skin lesions were refractory to combination chemotherapy and salvage chemotherapy regimens, there has been no evidence of disease progression in 24 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana C Gleason
- Department Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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35
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Xanthopoulos V, Galanopoulos AG, Paterakis G, Apessou D, Argyrakos T, Goumakou E, Papadhimitriou SI, Savvidou I, Georgiakaki M, Anagnostopoulos NI. Intravascular B-cell lymphoma with leukemic presentation: case report and literature review. Eur J Haematol 2007; 80:177-81. [PMID: 18076638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular lymphoma is an extremely rare, disseminated, and aggressive extranodal CD20+ non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by the presence of lymphoma cells only in the lumina of small vessels. We report a 72-year-old woman with a diagnosis of intravascular lymphoma presented with splenomegaly and leukemic appearance in the peripheral blood smear. Her clinical course was rapidly deteriorated before the initiation of specific chemotherapy and finally died due to multiorgan insufficiency. Bone marrow biopsy revealed a characteristic infiltration of CD5, CD10 B-cell lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a CD5, CD10 intravascular B-cell lymphoma with leukemic presentation in peripheral blood with multiple cytogenetic aberrations.
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36
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Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJM, Campo E, Facchetti F, Mazzucchelli L, Yoshino T, Murase T, Pileri SA, Doglioni C, Zucca E, Cavalli F, Nakamura S. Definition, diagnosis, and management of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: proposals and perspectives from an international consensus meeting. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:3168-73. [PMID: 17577023 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.08.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare form of diffuse LBCL characterized by preferential intravascular growth of malignant lymphocytes, aggressive behavior, and an often fatal course. IVLBCL usually affects elderly patients with poor performance status, elevated lactic dehydrogenase serum levels, anemia, and B symptoms. It displays some differences in clinical presentation among diverse geographical areas, mostly between patients diagnosed in Western countries and Japan. In addition, data from the literature suggest that pathologic diagnostic criteria as well as clinical features of this disease may be broader than described in current classification scheme(s). Under the sponsorship of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group, clinicians and pathologists with interest in IVLBCL, coming from Western and Eastern countries, joined to reach a consensus on defining features as well as to focus on the most urgent unresolved issues in IVLBCL. To this end, a representative group of IVLBCL patients coming from both the aforementioned geographical areas were collectively analyzed. Additional features of IVLBCL were proposed both under clinical and pathologic stand points. At the meeting, it emerged that IVLBCL may have additional histopathologic/cytologic definition criteria with respect to those currently recommended, some clinical features are not randomly distributed worldwide, recent therapeutic approaches, such as anti-CD20-containing regimens, may improve outcome, and kidney, spleen, and liver involvement may show peculiar histopathologic features. Finally, a provisional practical diagnostic approach to hemophagocytosis-associated patients and a proposal for the most useful criteria in the settings of differential diagnosis are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurilio Ponzoni
- Unit of Lymphoma Malignancies, Pathology and Oncology Units, Department of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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37
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Kuroda N, Mizobuchi M, Shimamura Y, Taniguchi Y, Daibata M, Miyoshi I, Ichimura T, Beppu H, Ohara M, Hirouchi T, Mizuno K, Lee GH. An Asian variant of intravascular lymphoma: unique clinical and pathological manifestation in the gallbladder. APMIS 2007; 115:371-5. [PMID: 17504306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We here present a rare case of intravascular lymphoma (IVL) in a Japanese man. 4 months after cholecystectomy due to cholecystitis, a diagnosis of intravascular lymphoma (IVL) was strongly suspected. Lymphoma cells were diffusely observed in the bone marrow parenchyma, but were absent in the vascular spaces. The patient died of respiratory failure and at autopsy a small number of lymphoma cells in the extravascular parenchyma of the adrenal gland and bone marrow were seen. Serial sections of the surgically resected gallbladder retrospectively confirmed the diagnosis of IVL. In addition, congestion and edema were observed in the connective tissue layer. It is possible that edema or ischemia in the gallbladder wall or at other anatomic sites due to the circulation disturbance induced by the intravascular obstruction of lymphoma cells may have caused the initial symptoms. In conclusion, clinicians and pathologists should keep in mind that the gallbladder may be initially involved in IVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kuroda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kochi Red Cross Hospital, Kochi, Japan.
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38
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Lannoo L, Smets S, Steenkiste E, Delforge M, Moerman P, Stroobants S, Knockaert D, Amant F. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma of the uterus presenting as fever of unknown origin (FUO) and revealed by FDG-PET. Acta Clin Belg 2007; 62:187-90. [PMID: 17672184 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2007.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a common cause of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) but the presentation as a gynaecologic malignancy is exceedingly rare. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of an intravascular large B-cell lymphoma of the uterus presenting with fever of unknown origin. After a standard clinical work-up for FUO, the endometrial curettage directed by the finding of a localized fluoro-deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) hot spot in the pelvic area, yielded material revealing an intr avascular B-cell lymphoma. A total abdominal hysterectomy confirmed the presence of an intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in the lumina of small blood vessels of the uterus.
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MESH Headings
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Fever of Unknown Origin/etiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/complications
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/complications
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Uterine Neoplasms/complications
- Uterine Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Uterine Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Uterine Neoplasms/metabolism
- Uterus/blood supply
- Vascular Neoplasms/complications
- Vascular Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lannoo
- Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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39
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Rashid R, Johnson RJ, Morris S, Dickinson H, Czyz J, O'Connor SJM, Owen RG. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma associated with a near-tetraploid karyotype, rearrangement of BCL6, and a t(11;14)(q13;q32). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 171:101-4. [PMID: 17116487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome analysis of a patient with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVL) revealed a complex, near-tetraploid karyotype with 83 chromosomes. Abnormalities included a t(11;14)(q13;q32), which was confirmed with both interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using an IGH/cyclin D1 dual-color, dual-fusion probe set and cyclin D1 immunohistochemical analysis. Abnormality of 3q was also evident. Interphase FISH analysis with a dual-color, break-apart probe set confirmed rearrangement of BCL6. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these abnormalities in IVL.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Polyploidy
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Neoplasms/genetics
- Vascular Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Rashid
- HMDS Laboratory, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Great George Street, Leeds, UK.
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40
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Vogelgesang S, Hippe A, Kessler C, Warzok RW. An 80-year-old woman with neuropsychiatric changes and clinical symptoms of encephalitis. Brain Pathol 2006; 16:337-9. [PMID: 17107605 PMCID: PMC8095890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2006.00023_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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41
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Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJM. Intravascular lymphoma: a neoplasm of 'homeless' lymphocytes? Hematol Oncol 2006; 24:105-12. [PMID: 16721900 DOI: 10.1002/hon.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is an extremely rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by almost exclusive growth of neoplastic lymphocytes within blood vessel lumen. IVL is morphologically characterized in most instances by large cells with B-cell lineage. IVL is an aggressive and usually disseminated disease that predominantly affects elderly patients, resulting in poor PS, B-symptoms, anemia, and high lactate dehydrogenase serum level. The brain and skin are the most commonly involved sites; nodal disease is rare. Survival after conventional chemotherapy is disappointing, with a relevant impact of diagnostic delay and lethal complications. Notwithstanding these results, IVL limited to the skin (cutaneous variant) is a favorable presentation with distinctive clinical characteristics. Moreover, differences in clinical presentation with Eastern Countries IVL cases, mostly associated with hemophagocytic syndrome, do exist. Intensive combinations containing drugs with higher central nervous system bioavailability are needed in cases with brain involvement; the role of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation should be investigated in younger patients with unfavorable features. The present review will discuss the most recent acquisitions related either to diagnosis and immunophenotypic/biologic characteristics as well as clinical/therapeutic issues of IVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele H Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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42
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Murase T, Yamaguchi M, Suzuki R, Okamoto M, Sato Y, Tamaru JI, Kojima M, Miura I, Mori N, Yoshino T, Nakamura S. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL): a clinicopathologic study of 96 cases with special reference to the immunophenotypic heterogeneity of CD5. Blood 2006; 109:478-85. [PMID: 16985183 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-01-021253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is pathologically distinct with a broad clinical spectrum and immunophenotypic heterogeneity. A series of 96 patients with IVLBCL (median age, 67 years; range, 41-85 years; 50 men) was reviewed. Anemia/thrombocytopenia (84%), hepatosplenomegaly (77%), B symptoms (76%), bone marrow involvement (75%), and hemophagocytosis (61%) were frequently observed. The International Prognostic Index score was high or high-intermediate in 92%. For 62 patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapies, median survival was 13 months. CD5, CD10, Bcl-6, MUM1, and Bcl-2 were positive in 38%, 13%, 26%, 95%, and 91% of tumors, respectively. All 59 CD10- IVLBCL cases examined were nongerminal center B-cell type because they lacked the Bcl-6+MUM1- immunophenotype. CD5 positivity was associated with a higher prevalence of marrow/blood involvement and thrombocytopenia and a lower frequency of neurologic abnormalities among patients with CD10-IVLBCL. Compared with 97 cases of de novo CD5+CD10-diffuse LBCL, 31 cases of CD5+CD10-IVLBCL exhibited higher frequencies of poor prognostic parameters, except age. Multivariate analysis in IVLBCL revealed that a lack of anthracycline-based chemotherapies (P<.001, hazard ratio [HR]: 9.256), age older than 60 years (P=.012, HR: 2.459), and thrombocytopenia less than 100x10(9)/L (P=.012, HR: 2.427) were independently unfavorable prognostic factors; CD5 positivity was not. Beyond immunophenotypic diversity, IVLBCL constitutes a unique group with aggressive behavior.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- CD5 Antigens/analysis
- CD5 Antigens/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Vascular Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Vascular Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Vascular Neoplasms/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhei Murase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nishio Municipal Hospital, 6 Kami-awara, Kumamicho, Nishio, Aichi, and Department of Hematology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
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43
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Chijiwa T, Domoto H. A case of chronic expanding haematoma on the finger. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2006; 59:764-7. [PMID: 16782575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Revised: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient with a chronic expanding haematoma developing in the right middle finger. Preoperative ultrasonography showed a cystic-like lesion upon the digital flexor tendon. Pathologic examination revealed a chronic organising haematoma surrounded by fibrous granulation tissue. Neither endothelial nor neoplastic cells were identified. We diagnosed this lesion as a chronic expanding haematoma (CEH) based upon the clinical course and pathological findings. The cause of our case was hypothesised to be repeated strain from the handle of heavy bag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Chijiwa
- Division of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Japan Self Defense Force Yokosuka Hospital, 1766-1 Tauraminato, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 237-0071, Japan
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44
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Avanzi GC, Castello L, Sainaghi PP, Bergamasco L, Boldorini R, Bartoli E. A malignant fibroleiomyoma of the testis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 6:414-6. [PMID: 16640821 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2006.n.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The patient described has a 2-cm, hard, painless nodule close to an atrophic testis that had been present for > 10 years, suggesting inactive disease, recently associated with fever of undetermined origin with constitutional symptoms. Extensive examinations of pleural, spinal, and bronchoalveolar fluids; bacterial and mycobacterial cultures; bone biopsies; and computed tomography scans were inconclusive. Orchiectomy demonstrated an angiotropic large B-cell lymphoma (CD19+CD20+CD79a+) in the context of a benign fibroleiomyoma. The symptoms abated after the first of 4 rituximab injections. Reports suggest that benign tumors can be harbingers of angiotropic lymphoma or facilitate its onset. To date, no testicular or epididymal primary site has been reported for angiotropic lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Biopsy, Needle
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Leiomyoma/pathology
- Leiomyoma/surgery
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Orchiectomy/methods
- Prednisolone/therapeutic use
- Risk Assessment
- Rituximab
- Testicular Neoplasms/pathology
- Testicular Neoplasms/surgery
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Carlo Avanzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Sperimentale, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, A Avogadro, Novara, Italy
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45
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Burg G, Kempf W, Cozzio A, Feit J, Willemze R, S Jaffe E, Dummer R, Berti E, Cerroni L, Chimenti S, Diaz-Perez JL, Grange F, Harris NL, Kazakov DV, Kerl H, Kurrer M, Knobler R, Meijer CJLM, Pimpinelli N, Ralfkiaer E, Russell-Jones R, Sander C, Santucci M, Sterry W, Swerdlow SH, Vermeer MH, Wechsler J, Whittaker S. WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas 2005: histological and molecular aspects. J Cutan Pathol 2006; 32:647-74. [PMID: 16293178 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2005.00495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The new WHO/EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas comprises mature T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms, mature B-cell neoplasms, and immature hematopoietic malignancies. It reflects the unique features of lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin, and at the same time it is as compatible as possible with the concepts underlying the WHO classification for nodal lymphomas and the EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas. This article reviews the histological, phenotypical, and molecular genetic features of the various nosological entities included in this new classification. These findings always have to be interpreted in the context of the clinical features and biologic behavior. AIM To review the histological, phenotypical and molecular genetic features of the various nosological entities of the new WHO/EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. METHODS Extensive review of the literature cited in Medline and own data of the authors. RESULTS The WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas comprises mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms, mature B-cell neoplasms and immature hematopoietic malignancies. It reflects the unique features of primary cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases. CONCLUSION This classification is as much as possible compatible with the concept of the WHO classification for nodal lymphomas and the EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas. The histological, phenotypical and molecular genetic features always have to be interpreted in the context of the clinical features and biologic behavior.
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MESH Headings
- Europe
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- International Agencies
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lymphoma/classification
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/immunology
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/classification
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/classification
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/classification
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Burg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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46
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Sukpanichnant S, Visuthisakchai S. Intravascular Lymphomatosis: A Study of 20 Cases in Thailand and a Review of the Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 6:319-28. [PMID: 16507210 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2006.n.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization classification (2001), intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is characterized by the presence of lymphoma cells only in the lumina of small vessels. It has not been proven whether IVLBCL is a specific clinicopathologic entity. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma and other intravascular lymphomatoses (IVLs), including IVL with B-cell phenotype and extravascular growth (B-IVL) and IVL with T-cell phenotype (T-IVL), were compared in a series of cases diagnosed at a single institution and in cases reported in the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty cases of IVL diagnosed among 1826 consecutive cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL,1.1%) at Siriraj Hospital included 3 cases of IVLBCL, 14 cases of B-IVL, and 3 cases of T-IVL. In the literature, 102 cases of IVLBCL, 88 cases of B-IVL, and 18 cases of T-IVL were described in sufficient detail to be analyzed. RESULTS All 3 groups were quite similar in clinical manifestations and outcome. Contrary to the previous review of 79 cases of IVL in 1989, blood, marrow, and nodal involvement could be detected in approximately 30% of cases. Patients who received chemotherapy had better survival than patients without treatment (statistically significant in IVLBCL and B-IVL; P < 0.05). Cases with skin involvement had better survival than cases without skin involvement (statistically significantly in T-IVL; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that IVLBCL is not different from B-IVL or T-IVL in a biologic sense, and IVL seems to be better terminology than IVLBCL because it includes the T-cell phenotype that constitutes approximately 9% of cases. Early diagnosis is very important because chemotherapy significantly prolongs survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Sukpanichnant
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Lozsadi DA, Wieshmann U, Enevoldson TP. Neurological presentation of intravascular lymphoma: report of two cases and discussion of diagnostic challenges. Eur J Neurol 2005; 12:710-4. [PMID: 16128873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
About a third of patients with intravascular lymphoma (IVL) present to the neurologist with symptoms mimicking thromboembolic events. Diagnosis is difficult, and often made postmortem. As remission may be induced in almost half of patients with combination chemotherapy, early diagnosis of this rare disease is essential. We report two cases of IVL. A 62-year-old male presented with hyperacute myelopathy followed by cortical ischaemic events. The diagnosis was reached with frontal cortical and meningeal biopsy. A 56-year-old female had symptoms of transient ischaemic events, subacute dementia, weight loss and fever. As the disease progressed, she developed nephrotic syndrome and thrombocytopenia. Diagnosis was made postmortem. Our cases illustrate that IVL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cerebral and systemic vasculitis and subacute bacterial endocarditis. Literature suggests IVL can also mimic Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Lozsadi
- Walton Ctr. for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Lower Lane, Fazakerley, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK.
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48
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Jardin F, Callonnec F, Contentin N, Picquenot JM, Gueit I, Héron F, Bastard C, Tilly H. Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Bone Marrow Involvement and Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis: Report of a Case Successfully Treated with a CHOP/Rituximab Combination Regimen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 6:46-9. [PMID: 15989707 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2005.n.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (ILBCL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (as currently recognized by the World Health Organization classification) and is characterized by proliferation of mature B-cells within the lumina of small and medium vessels. We report on a 66-year-old man who presented with a fever of undetermined origin, a splenomegaly, and an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level. The diagnosis of ILBCL was established by a bone marrow biopsy that showed CD20+ tumor cells confined within the lumina of sinuses. A karyotypic analysis obtained from the bone marrow aspirate showed a hypotetraploid clone. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multiple high-signal areas in the periventricular white matter above the tentorium. Focal dural enhancement (pachymeningitis) close to the medium third of the superior sagittal sinus was also observed and was related to a partial superior sagittal sinus thrombosis as confirmed by venous magnetic resonance angiography. After 8 courses of a CHOP (cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone) plus rituximab regimen, normalization of the superior sagittal sinus and of the bone marrow was obtained. With a follow-up of 15 months, the patient is still considered in complete remission. This observation highlights an unusual vascular aspect of ILBCL and the efficacy of the current standard treatment for this age group (CHOP/rituximab) in this particularly aggressive lymphoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jardin
- Department of Hematology, Centre Henri Becquerel and Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Rouen, France.
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49
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Vieites B, Fraga M, Lopez-Presas E, Pintos E, Garcia-Rivero A, Forteza J. Detection of t(14;18) translocation in a case of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: a germinal centre cell origin in a subset of these lymphomas? Histopathology 2005; 46:466-8. [PMID: 15810961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- Fatal Outcome
- Germinal Center/chemistry
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
- Vascular Neoplasms/genetics
- Vascular Neoplasms/metabolism
- Vascular Neoplasms/pathology
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50
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Sur M, Ross C, Moens F, Daya D. Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Uterus: A Diagnostic Challenge. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2005; 24:201-3. [PMID: 15782078 DOI: 10.1097/01.pgp.0000153727.00944.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 63-year-old woman presented with postmenopausal bleeding. The initial curettage material was reported as "undifferentiated malignant tumor." A total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed with pelvic lymph node dissection and omental biopsy, which showed an intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in the lumina of small blood vessels of the uterus, left tube, and right ovary. This is the first reported case of an intravascular lymphoma of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sur
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, McMaster University, Henderson Hospital, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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