1
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Mayo KH. Heterologous Interactions with Galectins and Chemokines and Their Functional Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14083. [PMID: 37762385 PMCID: PMC10531749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra- and intra-cellular activity occurs under the direction of numerous inter-molecular interactions, and in any tissue or cell, molecules are densely packed, thus promoting those molecular interactions. Galectins and chemokines, the focus of this review, are small, protein effector molecules that mediate various cellular functions-in particular, cell adhesion and migration-as well as cell signaling/activation. In the past, researchers have reported that combinations of these (and other) effector molecules act separately, yet sometimes in concert, but nevertheless physically apart and via their individual cell receptors. This view that each effector molecule functions independently of the other limits our thinking about functional versatility and cooperation, and, in turn, ignores the prospect of physiologically important inter-molecular interactions, especially when both molecules are present or co-expressed in the same cellular environment. This review is focused on such protein-protein interactions with chemokines and galectins, the homo- and hetero-oligomeric structures that they can form, and the functional consequences of those paired interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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2
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Habibi N, Mauser A, Ko Y, Lahann J. Protein Nanoparticles: Uniting the Power of Proteins with Engineering Design Approaches. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104012. [PMID: 35077010 PMCID: PMC8922121 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein nanoparticles, PNPs, have played a long-standing role in food and industrial applications. More recently, their potential in nanomedicine has been more widely pursued. This review summarizes recent trends related to the preparation, application, and chemical construction of nanoparticles that use proteins as major building blocks. A particular focus has been given to emerging trends related to applications in nanomedicine, an area of research where PNPs are poised for major breakthroughs as drug delivery carriers, particle-based therapeutics or for non-viral gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Habibi
- Biointerfaces InstituteDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Ava Mauser
- Biointerfaces InstituteDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Yeongun Ko
- Biointerfaces InstituteDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces InstituteDepartments of Chemical EngineeringMaterial Science and EngineeringBiomedical Engineeringand Macromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
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3
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Poncini CV, Benatar AF, Gomez KA, Rabinovich GA. Galectins in Chagas Disease: A Missing Link Between Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, Inflammation, and Tissue Damage. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:794765. [PMID: 35046919 PMCID: PMC8762303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite causative agent of Chagas disease, affects about seven million people worldwide, representing a major global public health concern with relevant socioeconomic consequences, particularly in developing countries. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, in modulating both T. cruzi infection and immunoregulation. Specifically, we focus on galectin-driven circuits that link parasite invasion and inflammation and reprogram innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the dynamics of galectins and their β-galactoside-specific ligands during the pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection and elucidating their roles in immunoregulation, inflammation, and tissue damage offer new rational opportunities for treating this devastating neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina V. Poncini
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F. Benatar
- Servicio de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A. Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biología e Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Sousa ARDO, Andrade FRN, Chaves RP, Sousa BLD, Lima DBD, Souza RODS, da Silva CGL, Teixeira CS, Sampaio AH, Nagano CS, Carneiro RF. Structural characterization of a galectin isolated from the marine sponge Chondrilla caribensis with leishmanicidal potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129992. [PMID: 34508835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solving primary structure of lectins leads to an understanding of the physiological roles within an organism and its biotechnological potential. Only eight sponge lectins have had their primary structure fully determined. METHODS The primary structure of CCL, Chondrilla caribensis lectin, was determined by tandem mass spectrometry. The three-dimensional structure was predicted and the protein-carbohydrate interaction analysed by molecular docking. Furthermore, the anti-leishmanial activity was observed by assays with Leishmania infantum. RESULTS The amino acid sequence consists of 142 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 15,443 Da. The lectin has a galectin-like domain architecture. As observed in other sponge galectins, the signature sequence of a highly conserved domain was also identified in CCL with some modifications. CCL exhibits a typical galectin structure consisting of a β-sandwich. Molecular docking showed that the amino acids interacting with CCL ligands at the monosaccharide binding site are mostly the same as those conserved in this family of lectins. Through its interaction with L. infantum glycans, CCL was able to inhibit the development of this parasite. CCL also induced apoptosis after eliciting ROS production and altering the membrane integrity of Leishmania infantum promastigote. CONCLUSIONS CCL joins the restricted group of sponge lectins with determined primary structure and very high biotechnological potential owing to its promising results against pathogens that cause Leishmaniasis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE As the determination of primary structure is important for biological studies, now CCL can become a sponge galectin with an exciting future in the field of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Rocha de Oliveira Sousa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Regivânio Nascimento Andrade
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata Pinheiro Chaves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lopes de Sousa
- Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Matos, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claudener Souza Teixeira
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Holanda Sampaio
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Celso Shiniti Nagano
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Farias Carneiro
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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5
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Kumar P, Kanjilal P, Das R, Dash TK, Mohanan M, Le TN, Rao NV, Mukhopadhyay B, Shunmugam R. 1,6-heptadiynes based cyclopolymerization functionalized with mannose by post polymer modification for protein interaction. Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108397. [PMID: 34280802 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate functionalized polymers or Glycopolymers have earned a great deal of interest in recent times for their potential biomedical applications. In the present study, a mannose containing glycopolymer was synthesized by cyclopolymerization of malonic acid derivative using second generation Hoveyda Grubbs' catalyst. Post-polymerization modification was done to install a propargyl moiety. Finally, functionalization of the propargylated polymer with 2-azidoethyl mannoside using azide-alkyne "click chemistry" furnished the target glycopolymer which was successfully characterized using NMR, FT-IR, mass spectroscopy and advanced polymer chromatography. The glycopolymer was found to self-assemble into capsule and spherical shape in water and DMSO respectively and these morphologies were observed through SEM and TEM. Upon interaction with Con A, the mannose containing glycopolymer showed an increment in aggregation induced fluorescence with increasing concentration of the lectin. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on MCF 7 cell line showed 90% cell viability up to glycopolymer concentration of 500 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Pintu Kanjilal
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Rituparna Das
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India
| | - Tapan K Dash
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Manikandan Mohanan
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Trong-Nghia Le
- Medicinal Polymer Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - N Vijayakameswara Rao
- Medicinal Polymer Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India.
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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6
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Kremsreiter SM, Kroell ASH, Weinberger K, Boehm H. Glycan-Lectin Interactions in Cancer and Viral Infections and How to Disrupt Them. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10577. [PMID: 34638920 PMCID: PMC8508825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions play an essential role in different cellular processes. One of their main functions is involvement in the immune response to pathogens or inflammation. However, cancer cells and viruses have adapted to avail themselves of these interactions. By displaying specific glycosylation structures, they are able to bind to lectins, thus promoting pathogenesis. While glycan-lectin interactions promote tumor progression, metastasis, and/or chemoresistance in cancer, in viral infections they are important for viral entry, release, and/or immune escape. For several years now, a growing number of investigations have been devoted to clarifying the role of glycan-lectin interactions in cancer and viral infections. Various overviews have already summarized and highlighted their findings. In this review, we consider the interactions of the lectins MGL, DC-SIGN, selectins, and galectins in both cancer and viral infections together. A possible transfer of ways to target and disrupt them might lead to new therapeutic approaches in different pathological backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maria Kremsreiter
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Ann-Sophie Helene Kroell
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Weinberger
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Heike Boehm
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Characterizing ligand-induced conformational changes in clinically relevant galectin-1 by H N/H 2O (D 2O) exchange. Biochimie 2021; 187:48-56. [PMID: 34022292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycans of cellular glycoconjugates serve as biochemical signals for a multitude of (patho)physiological processes via binding to their receptors (e.g. lectins). In the case of human adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 (Gal-1), small angle neutron scattering and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy have revealed a significant decrease of its gyration radius and increase of its diffusion coefficient upon binding lactose, posing the pertinent question on the nature and region(s) involved in the underlying structural alterations. Requiring neither a neutron source nor labeling, diffusion measurements by 1H NMR spectroscopy are shown here to be sufficiently sensitive to detect this ligand-induced change. In order to figure out which region(s) of Gal-1 is (are) affected at the level of peptides, we first explored the use of H/D exchange mass spectrometry (HDX MS). Hereby, we found a reduction in proton exchange kinetics beyond the lactose-binding site. The measurement of fast HN/H2O exchange by phase-modulated NMR clean chemical exchange (CLEANEX) NMR on 15N-labeled Gal-1 then increased the spatial resolution to the level of individual amino acids. The mapped regions with increased protection from HN/H2O (D2O) exchange that include the reduction of solvent exposure around the interface can underlie the protein's compaction. These structural changes have potential to modulate this galectin's role in lattice formation on the cell surface and its interaction(s) with protein(s) at the F-face.
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8
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Wei J, Li DK, Hu X, Cheng C, Zhang Y. Galectin-1-RNA interaction map reveals potential regulatory roles in angiogenesis. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:623-636. [PMID: 33483966 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactive angiogenesis contributes to the immunosuppressive microenvironment important for immunotherapy. Galectin-1, encoded by LGALS1, can trigger the vascular signaling programs and mediate the anti-angiogenic treatment response. However, the mechanism through which galectin-1 regulates angiogenesis is poorly understood. It has been suggested that galectin-1 may associate with mRNAs in cells. This study applied the iRIP-seq methodology to study the potential role of galectin-1 as an RNA-binding protein. We found that galectin-1 interacts with a large number of mRNAs, with a preference for binding near stop codons and a preference for UGCA/UGGA and GAGCAG as binding motifs. Galectin-1 binds to the mRNAs of angiogenesis-associated genes including VEGFA, EGR1, and LAMA5, suggesting that galectin-1 may regulate angiogenesis via its mRNA-binding activity. We further show that shLGALS1 inhibits capillary tube formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay and alters the expression levels of several galectin-1-bound angiogenesis-associated mRNAs. These results uncover a previously unrecognized mRNA-binding activity of galectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Daniel K Li
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, China
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9
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Moar P, Tandon R. Galectin-9 as a biomarker of disease severity. Cell Immunol 2021; 361:104287. [PMID: 33494007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside binding lectin known for its immunomodulatory role in various microbial infections. Gal-9 is expressed in all organ systems and localized in the nucleus, cell surface, cytoplasm and the extracellular matrix. It mediates host-pathogen interactions and regulates cell signalling via binding to its receptors. Gal-9 is involved in many physiological functions such as cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, communication and death. However, recent studies have emphasized on the elevated levels of Gal-9 in autoimmune disorders, viral infections, parasitic invasion, cancer, acute liver failure, atopic dermatitis, chronic kidney disease, type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and benign infertility-related gynecological disorders. In this paper we have reviewed the potential of Gal-9 as a reliable, sensitive and non-invasive biomarker of disease severity. Tracking changes in Gal-9 levels and its implementation as a biomarker in clinical practice will be an important tool to monitor disease activity and facilitate personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Moar
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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10
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Si Y, Yao Y, Jaramillo Ayala G, Li X, Han Q, Zhang W, Xu X, Tai G, Mayo KH, Zhou Y, Su J. Human galectin-16 has a pseudo ligand binding site and plays a role in regulating c-Rel-mediated lymphocyte activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129755. [PMID: 33011338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structure of human galectin-16 (Gal-16) has yet to be solved, and its function has remained elusive. METHODS X-ray crystallography was used to determine the atomic structures of Gal-16 and two of its mutants. The Gal-16 oligomer state was investigated by gel filtration, its hemagglutination activity was determined along with its ability to bind lactose using ITC. The cellular distribution of EGFP-tagged Gal-16 in various cell lines was also investigated, and the interaction between Gal-16 and c-Rel was assessed by pull-down studies, microscale thermophoresis and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Unlike other galectins, Gal-16 lacks the ability to bind the β-galactoside lactose. Lactose binding could be regained by replacing an arginine (Arg55) with asparagine, as shown in the crystal structures of two lactose-loaded Gal-16 mutants (R55N and R55N/H57R). Gal-16 was also shown to be monomeric by gel filtration, as well as in crystal structures. Thus, this galectin could not induce erythrocyte agglutination. EGFP-tagged Gal-16 was found to be localized mostly in the nucleus of various cell types, and can interact with c-Rel, a member of NF-κB family. CONCLUSIONS Gal-16 exists as a monomer and its ligand binding is significantly different from that of other prototype galectins, suggesting that it has a novel function(s). The interaction between Gal-16 and c-Rel indicates that Gal-16 may regulate signal transduction pathways via the c-Rel hub in B or T cells at the maternal-fetal interface. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study lays the foundation for further studies into the cellular and physiological functions of Gal-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Si
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Media Academy, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Gabriela Jaramillo Ayala
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xumin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qiuyu Han
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xuejiao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guihua Tai
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiyong Su
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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11
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Rohse P, Weickert S, Drescher M, Wittmann V. Precipitation-free high-affinity multivalent binding by inline lectin ligands. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5227-5237. [PMID: 34122979 PMCID: PMC8159369 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01744b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalent ligand-protein interactions are a key concept in biology mediating, for example, signalling and adhesion. Multivalent ligands often have tremendously increased binding affinities. However, they also can cause crosslinking of receptor molecules leading to precipitation of ligand-receptor complexes. Plaque formation due to precipitation is a known characteristic of numerous fatal diseases limiting a potential medical application of multivalent ligands with a precipitating binding mode. Here, we present a new design of high-potency multivalent ligands featuring an inline arrangement of ligand epitopes with exceptionally high binding affinities in the low nanomolar range. At the same time, we show with a multi-methodological approach that precipitation of the receptor is prevented. We distinguish distinct binding modes of the ligands, in particular we elucidate a unique chelating binding mode, where four receptor binding sites are simultaneously bridged by one multivalent ligand molecule. The new design concept of inline multivalent ligands, which we established for the well-investigated model lectin wheat germ agglutinin, has great potential for the development of high-potency multivalent inhibitors as future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rohse
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Sabrina Weickert
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
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12
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Gao C, Chen G. Exploring and Controlling the Polymorphism in Supramolecular Assemblies of Carbohydrates and Proteins. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:740-751. [PMID: 32174104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In biology, polymorphism is a well-known phenomenon by which a discrete biomacromolecule can adopt multiple specific conformations in response to its environment. This term can be extended to the ability of biomacromolecules to pack into different ordered patterns. Thus, exploration and control of the polymorphism of biomacromolecules via supramolecular methods have been key steps in achieving bioinspired structures, developing bioinspired functional materials, and exploring the mechanisms of these self-assembly processes, which are models for more complex biological systems. This task could be difficult for proteins and carbohydrates due to the complicated multiple noncovalent interactions of these two species which can hardly be manipulated.In this account, dealing with the structural polymorphisms from biomacromolecular assemblies, we will first briefly comment on the problems that carbohydrate/protein assemblies are facing, and then on the basis of our long-term research on carbohydrate self-assemblies, we will summarize the new strategies that we have developed in our laboratory in recent years to explore and control the polymorphism of carbohydrate/protein assemblies.Considering the inherent ability of carbohydrates to recognize lectin, we proposed the "inducing ligand" strategy to assemble natural proteins into various nanostructures with highly ordered packing patterns. The newly developed inducing ligand approach opened a new window for protein assembly where dual noncovalent interactions (i.e., carbohydrate-protein interactions and dimerization of rhodamine) instead of the traditionally used protein-protein interactions direct the assembly pattern of proteins. As a result, various polymorphisms of protein assemblies have been constructed by simply changing the ligand chemical structure and/or the rhodamine dimerization.Another concept that we proposed for glycopolymer self-assembly is DISA (i.e., deprotection-induced glycopolymer self-assembly). It is well known that protection-deprotection chemistry has been employed to construct complex oligosaccharide structures. However, its application in glycopolymer self-assembly has been overlooked. We initiated this new strategy with diblock copolymers. Such copolymers with a carbohydrate block having protected pendent groups exist as single chains in organic media. The self-assembly can be initiated by the deprotection of the pendent groups. The process was nicely controlled by introducing various protective groups with different deprotection rates. Later on, the DISA process has been proven practical in water and even in the cellular environment, which opens a new avenue for the development of polymeric glycomaterials.Finally, the resultant polymeric glyco-materials, as a new type of biomimetic materials, provide a nice platform for investigating the functions of glycocalyx. The glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles achieved unprecedent functions which exceed their carbohydrate precursors. Here, the reversion of tumor-associated macrophages induced by glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles will be discussed with potential applications in cancer immunotherapy, where such a reversion effect could be combined with other methods (e.g., tumor checkpoint blockade).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendi Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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13
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Placental Galectin-2 Expression in Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic, Histological Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072404. [PMID: 32244351 PMCID: PMC7177347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy-associated metabolic disorder that negatively impacts on the health of both mothers and their offspring in the long-term. The molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. As in other states of insulin resistance, a disproportionate immune response in GDM leads to a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Galectin-2 exerts regulatory effects on different immune cells. This study investigated galectin-2 expression in the placenta of 40 GDM patients and 40 controls, in a sex-specific manner. Immunohistochemistry was used for semi-quantitative analysis of expression strength. The phenotypes of galectin-2 expressing cells were characterized through double immunofluorescence. We found a significant up-regulation of galectin-2 in the fetal syncytiotrophoblast, as well as in the maternal decidua of GDM placentas. Double staining showed a strong galectin-2 expression in extra villous trophoblast cells and fetal endothelial cells in GDM. These findings present the first systematic investigation of galectin-2 in GDM. The findings contribute to the emerging understanding of the role of immunomodulation and inflammation in GDM and of galectin-2 itself. This might also have implications for the long-term cardiovascular health of the offspring.
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14
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Galectins in Host-Pathogen Interactions: Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Aspects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:169-196. [PMID: 32152947 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of ß-galactoside-binding lectins characterized by a unique sequence motif in the carbohydrate recognition domain, and evolutionary and structural conservation from fungi to invertebrates and vertebrates, including mammals. Their biological roles, initially understood as limited to recognition of endogenous ("self") carbohydrate ligands in embryogenesis and early development, dramatically expanded in later years by the discovery of their roles in tissue repair, cancer, adipogenesis, and regulation of immune homeostasis. In recent years, however, evidence has also accumulated to support the notion that galectins can bind ("non-self") glycans on the surface of potentially pathogenic microbes, and function as recognition and effector factors in innate immunity. Thus, this evidence has established a new paradigm by which galectins can function not only as pattern recognition receptors but also as effector factors, by binding to the microbial surface and inhibiting adhesion and/or entry into the host cell, directly killing the potential pathogen by disrupting its surface structures, or by promoting phagocytosis, encapsulation, autophagy, and pathogen clearance from circulation. Strikingly, some viruses, bacteria, and protistan parasites take advantage of the aforementioned recognition roles of the vector/host galectins, for successful attachment and invasion. These recent findings suggest that galectin-mediated innate immune recognition and effector mechanisms, which throughout evolution have remained effective for preventing or fighting viral, bacterial, and parasitic infection, have been "subverted" by certain pathogens by unique evolutionary adaptations of their surface glycome to gain host entry, and the acquisition of effective mechanisms to evade the host's immune responses.
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15
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Fierro F, Giorgetti A, Carloni P, Meyerhof W, Alfonso-Prieto M. Dual binding mode of "bitter sugars" to their human bitter taste receptor target. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8437. [PMID: 31186454 PMCID: PMC6560132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 25 human bitter taste receptors (hTAS2Rs) are responsible for detecting bitter molecules present in food, and they also play several physiological and pathological roles in extraoral compartments. Therefore, understanding their ligand specificity is important both for food research and for pharmacological applications. Here we provide a molecular insight into the exquisite molecular recognition of bitter β-glycopyranosides by one of the members of this receptor subclass, hTAS2R16. Most of its agonists have in common the presence of a β-glycopyranose unit along with an extremely structurally diverse aglycon moiety. This poses the question of how hTAS2R16 can recognize such a large number of "bitter sugars". By means of hybrid molecular mechanics/coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations, here we show that the three hTAS2R16 agonists salicin, arbutin and phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside interact with the receptor through a previously unrecognized dual binding mode. Such mechanism may offer a seamless way to fit different aglycons inside the binding cavity, while maintaining the sugar bound, similar to the strategy used by several carbohydrate-binding lectins. Our prediction is validated a posteriori by comparison with mutagenesis data and also rationalizes a wealth of structure-activity relationship data. Therefore, our findings not only provide a deeper molecular characterization of the binding determinants for the three ligands studied here, but also give insights applicable to other hTAS2R16 agonists. Together with our results for other hTAS2Rs, this study paves the way to improve our overall understanding of the structural determinants of ligand specificity in bitter taste receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fierro
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Giorgetti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- JARA-HPC, IAS-5/INM-9 Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-HPC, IAS-5/INM-9 Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Department of Physics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- VNU Key Laboratory "Multiscale Simulation of Complex Systems", VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wolfgang Meyerhof
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- JARA-HPC, IAS-5/INM-9 Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Tsutsui S, Yoshinaga T, Watanabe S, Tsukamoto K, Nakamura O. Mucosal galectin genes in all freshwater eels of the genus Anguilla. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:660-670. [PMID: 30779133 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the genomic DNA sequences of the mucosal galectin-encoding genes from all 19 species and subspecies of the genus Anguilla. The nucleotide sequences of the galectin genes were c. 2.3-2.5 kb long and the organisation of their four exons and three introns was conserved in all species. An unusual sequence was found in the fourth exon of Anguilla reinhardtii, resulting in a unique deduced amino-acid sequence at the C-terminus. All six amino-acid residues important for β-galactoside binding were conserved in three species, while one residue (R73 ) was substituted to K73 in the other 16 species-subspecies, including Anguilla marmorata. However, this substitution did not appear to affect the sugar-binding ability of galectins because the galectin of A. marmorata was previously shown to bind to lactose. We also discuss the molecular evolution of galectins among Anguilla spp. and the homologues previously identified in Conger myriaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Tsutsui
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Yoshinaga
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-0052, Japan
| | - Katsumi Tsukamoto
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakamura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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17
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Ghosh A, Banerjee A, Amzel LM, Vasta GR, Bianchet MA. Structure of the zebrafish galectin-1-L2 and model of its interaction with the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) envelope glycoprotein. Glycobiology 2019; 29:419-430. [PMID: 30834446 PMCID: PMC6476415 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, highly conserved β-galactoside-binding lectins, have diverse regulatory roles in development and immune homeostasis and can mediate protective functions during microbial infection. In recent years, the role of galectins in viral infection has generated considerable interest. Studies on highly pathogenic viruses have provided invaluable insight into the participation of galectins in various stages of viral infection, including attachment and entry. Detailed mechanistic and structural aspects of these processes remain undetermined. To address some of these gaps in knowledge, we used Zebrafish as a model system to examine the role of galectins in infection by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a rhabdovirus that is responsible for significant losses in both farmed and wild salmonid fish. Like other rhabdoviruses, IHNV is characterized by an envelope consisting of trimers of a glycoprotein that display multiple N-linked oligosaccharides and play an integral role in viral infection by mediating the virus attachment and fusion. Zebrafish's proto-typical galectin Drgal1-L2 and the chimeric-type galectin Drgal3-L1 interact directly with the glycosylated envelope of IHNV, and significantly reduce viral attachment. In this study, we report the structure of the complex of Drgal1-L2 with N-acetyl-d-lactosamine at 2.0 Å resolution. To gain structural insight into the inhibitory effect of these galectins on IHNV attachment to the zebrafish epithelial cells, we modeled Drgal3-L1 based on human galectin-3, as well as, the ectodomain of the IHNV glycoprotein. These models suggest mechanisms for which the binding of these galectins to the IHNV glycoprotein hinders with different potencies the viral attachment required for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Current address: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W408C, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA,Current address: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Structural Enzymology and Thermodynamics Group of the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mario A Bianchet
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Structural Enzymology and Thermodynamics Group of the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: +1-410-614-8221; e-mail:
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18
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Miller MC, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Tai G, Mayo KH. Galectin-3 binds selectively to the terminal, non-reducing end of β(1→4)-galactans, with overall affinity increasing with chain length. Glycobiology 2019; 29:74-84. [PMID: 30204870 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactans are linear polysaccharides of β(1→4)-linked galactose residues. Although they can antagonize galectin function, the nature of their binding to galectins needs to be better defined to develop them as drugs. Here, we investigated interactions between galectin-3 (Gal-3) and a series of galactans ranging in weight average molecular weight from 670 to 7550 Da. 15N-1H HSQC NMR studies with 15N-labeled Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) indicate that each of these galactans interacts primarily with residues in β-strands 4, 5 and 6 on the canonical, β-galactoside sugar binding S-face. Although these galactans also bind to full length Gal-3 (CRD plus N-terminal tail) to the same extent, it appears that binding to the S-face attenuates interactions between the CRD F-face and N-terminal tail, making interpretation of site-specific binding unclear. Following assignment of galactan 13C and 1H resonances using HSQC, HMBC and TOCSY experiments, we used 13C-1H HSQC data to demonstrate that the Gal-3 CRD binds to the terminal, non-reducing end of these galactans, regardless of their size, but with binding affinity increasing as the galactan chain length increases. Overall, our findings increase understanding as to how galactans interact with Gal-3 at the non-reducing, terminal end of galactose-containing polysaccharides as found on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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Liu Q, Sacco P, Marsich E, Furlani F, Arib C, Djaker N, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Donati I, Spadavecchia J. Lactose-Modified Chitosan Gold(III)-PEGylated Complex-Bioconjugates: From Synthesis to Interaction with Targeted Galectin-1 Protein. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3352-3361. [PMID: 30215508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Galectins (Gal) are a family of glycan-binding proteins characterized by their affinity for β-galactosides. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a dimeric lectin with two galactoside-binding sites, regulates cancer progression and immune responses. Coordination chemistry has been engaged to develop versatile multivalent neoglycoconjugates for binding Gal-1. In this study we report a fast and original method to synthesize hybrid gold nanoparticles in which a hydrochloride lactose-modified chitosan, named CTL, is mixed with dicarboxylic acid-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG), leading to shell-like hybrid polymer-sugar-metal nanoparticles (CTL-PEG-AuNPs). The aim of this paper is to preliminarily study the interaction of the CTL-PEG-AuNPs with a target protein, namely, Gal-1, under specific conditions. The molecular interaction has been measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-vis, and Raman Spectroscopy on a large range of Gal-1 concentrations (from 0 to 10-12 M). We observed that the interaction was strongly dependent on the Gal-1 concentration at the surface of the gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqian Liu
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques , Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 93000 Bobigny , France
| | - Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 5 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences , University of Trieste , Piazza dell'Ospitale 1 , I-34129 Trieste , Italy
| | - Franco Furlani
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 5 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Celia Arib
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques , Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 93000 Bobigny , France
| | - Nadia Djaker
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques , Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 93000 Bobigny , France
| | - Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM - UMR CNRS 6283) , Le Mans Université , Avenue Olivier Messiaen , 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital , Third Military Medical University , 400038 Chongqing , China
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 5 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques , Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 93000 Bobigny , France
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20
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Jing Y, Cai M, Xu H, Zhou L, Yan Q, Gao J, Wang H. Aptamer-recognized carbohydrates on the cell membrane revealed by super-resolution microscopy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7457-7464. [PMID: 29637941 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are one of the most important components on the cell membrane, which participate in various physiological activities, and their aberrant expression is a consequence of pathological changes. In previous studies, carbohydrate analysis basically relied on lectins. However, discrimination between lectins still exists due to their multivalent character. Furthermore, the structures obtained by carbohydrate-lectin crosslinking confuse our direct observation to some extent. Fortunately, the emergence of aptamers, which are smaller and more flexible, has provided us an unprecedented choice. Herein, an aptamer recognition method with high precise localization was developed for imaging membrane-bound N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). By using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), we compared this aptamer recognition method with the lectin recognition method for visualizing the detailed structure of GalNAc at the nanometer scale. The results indicated that GalNAc forms irregular clusters on the cell membrane with a resolution of 23 ± 7 nm by aptamer recognition. Additionally, when treated with N-acetylgalactosidase, the aptamer-recognized GalNAc shows a more significant decrease in cluster size and localization density, thus verifying better specificity of aptamers than lectins. Collectively, our study suggests that aptamers can act as perfect substitutes for lectins in carbohydrate labeling, which will be of great potential value in the field of super-resolution fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China.
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21
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Dings RPM, Miller MC, Griffin RJ, Mayo KH. Galectins as Molecular Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030905. [PMID: 29562695 PMCID: PMC5877766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of small, highly conserved, molecular effectors that mediate various biological processes, including chemotaxis and angiogenesis, and that function by interacting with various cell surface glycoconjugates, usually targeting β-galactoside epitopes. Because of their significant involvement in various biological functions and pathologies, galectins have become a focus of therapeutic discovery for clinical intervention against cancer, among other pathological disorders. In this review, we focus on understanding galectin structure-function relationships, their mechanisms of action on the molecular level, and targeting them for therapeutic intervention against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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22
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Kamili NA, Arthur CM, Gerner-Smidt C, Tafesse E, Blenda A, Dias-Baruffi M, Stowell SR. Key regulators of galectin-glycan interactions. Proteomics 2017; 16:3111-3125. [PMID: 27582340 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein-ligand interactions serve as fundamental regulators of numerous biological processes. Among protein-ligand pairs, glycan binding proteins (GBPs) and the glycans they recognize represent unique and highly complex interactions implicated in a broad range of regulatory activities. With few exceptions, cell surface receptors and secreted proteins are heavily glycosylated. As these glycans often represent highly regulatable post-translational modifications, alterations in glycosylation can fundamentally impact GBP recognition. Among GBPs, galectins in particular appear to engage a diverse set of glycan determinants to impact a broad range of biological processes. In this review, we will explore factors that impact galectin activity, including the effect of glycan modification on galectin-glycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourine A Kamili
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian Gerner-Smidt
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eden Tafesse
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Blenda
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biology, Erskine College, Due West, SC, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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23
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Obermann J, Priglinger CS, Merl-Pham J, Geerlof A, Priglinger S, Götz M, Hauck SM. Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1528-1546. [PMID: 28576849 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.066381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of interactors is a major goal in cell biology. Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions are of high relevance for signal transduction in biological systems. Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. Gal-1 and Gal-3 bind in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner to mesenchymal RPE cells and inhibit cellular processes like attachment and spreading. Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. We identify here 131 Gal-3 and 15 Gal-1 interactors by galectin pulldown experiments combined with quantitative proteomics. They mainly play a role in multiple binding processes and are mostly membrane proteins. We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. Treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation, weakened the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors and prevented lattice formation. In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Obermann
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg
| | | | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg
| | - Arie Geerlof
- ¶Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg
| | | | - Magdalena Götz
- ‖Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg.,**Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg;
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24
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Rao XJ, Wu P, Shahzad T, Liu S, Chen L, Yang YF, Shi Q, Yu XQ. Characterization of a dual-CRD galectin in the silkworm Bombyx mori. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 60:149-159. [PMID: 26944801 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectins (S-type lectins) are an ancient family of lectins with the β-galactoside binding activity. In mammals, galectins play essential roles in many biological processes, such as development, immune homeostasis and tumor progression. However, few studies have been devoted to their functions in insects. Here, we characterized the only dual-CRD galectin in the silkworm Bombyx mori (BmGalectin-4). BmGalectin-4 cDNA possesses an open reading frame of 1089 bp, which encodes a putative galectin of 363 amino acids containing tandem carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). BmGalectin-4 was expressed in various tissues but the protein was most abundant in fertilized eggs. Its transcript level in fertilized eggs was upregulated upon bacterial challenge. Recombinant BmGalectin-4 purified from Escherichia coli bound to bacterial cell wall components and bacterial cells. In addition, the recombinant protein induced bacterial agglutination, but did not have antibacterial activity against selected microorganisms. Taken together, our results suggest that BmGalectin-4 may function as a pattern recognition receptor primarily in silkworm fertilized eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Jun Rao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China.
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Toufeeq Shahzad
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Yun-Fan Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Qiao Shi
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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25
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Thiemann S, Baum LG. Galectins and Immune Responses—Just How Do They Do Those Things They Do? Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 34:243-64. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thiemann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; ,
| | - Linda G. Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; ,
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26
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Prototype and Chimera-Type Galectins in Placentas with Spontaneous and Recurrent Miscarriages. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050644. [PMID: 27136536 PMCID: PMC4881470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are galactose binding proteins and, in addition, factors for a wide range of pathologies in pregnancy. We have analyzed the expression of prototype (gal-1, -2, -7, -10) and chimera-type (gal-3) galectins in the placenta in cases of spontaneous abortions (SPA) and recurrent abortions (RA) in the first trimester. Fifteen placental samples from healthy pregnancies were used as a control group. Nine placentas were examined for spontaneous abortions, and 12 placentas for recurrent abortions. For differentiation and evaluation of different cell types of galectin-expression in the decidua, immunofluorescence was used. For all investigated prototype galectins (gal-1, -2, -7, -10) in SPA and RA placenta trophoblast cells the expression is significantly decreased. In the decidua/extravillous trophoblast only gal-2 expression was significantly lowered, which could be connected to its role in angiogenesis. In trophoblasts in first-trimester placentas and in cases of SPA and RA, prototype galectins are altered in the same way. We suspect prototype galectins have a similar function in placental tissue because of their common biochemical structure. Expression of galectin 3 as a chimera type galectin was not found to be significantly altered in abortive placentas.
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27
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Ogata M, Chuma Y, Yasumoto Y, Onoda T, Umemura M, Usui T, Park EY. Synthesis of tetravalent LacNAc-glycoclusters as high-affinity cross-linker against Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 24:1-11. [PMID: 26672510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Four kinds of tetravalent double-headed glycoclusters [(LacNAc)4-DHGs] were designed with linkers of varying lengths consisting of alkanedioic carboxyamido groups (C6, C12, C18 and C24) between two bi-antennary LacNAc-glycosides. These glycoclusters served as high-affinity cross-linking ligands for the LacNAc-binding lectin Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin (ECA). The binding activity and cross-linking between each ligand and ECA were characterized by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), a quantitative precipitation assay and dynamic light scattering (DLS). For the precipitation assay and DLS measurement, the synthesized (LacNAc)4-DHGs were found to be capable of binding and precipitating the ECA as multivalent ligands. ITC analysis indicated the binding of (LacNAc)4-DHGs was driven by a favorable enthalpy change. Furthermore, the entropy penalty from binding (LacNAc)4-DHGs clearly decreased in a spacer length-dependent manner. The binding affinities of flexible (LacNAc)4-DHGs (C18 and C24) with long spacers were found to be more favorable than those of the clusters having short spacers (C6 and C12). These results were supported by molecular dynamics simulations with explicit water molecules for the tetravalent glycoclusters with ECA. We concluded that the subtle modification in the epitope-presenting scaffolds exerts the significant effect in the recognition efficiency involved in the LacNAc moieties by ECA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ogata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College, 30 Nagao, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8034, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Chuma
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yasumoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takashi Onoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College, 30 Nagao, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8034, Japan
| | - Myco Umemura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 17-2-1 Higashi-Nijo, Tsukisamu, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517, Japan
| | - Taichi Usui
- Integrated Bioscience Research Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Integrated Bioscience Research Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate
School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate
School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Seto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate
School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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29
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Nagae M, Yamaguchi Y. Sugar recognition and protein-protein interaction of mammalian lectins conferring diverse functions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 34:108-15. [PMID: 26418728 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in structural analyses of mammalian lectins reveal atomic-level details of their fine specificities toward diverse endogenous and exogenous glycans. Local variations on a common scaffold can enable certain lectins to recognize complex carbohydrate ligands including branched glycans and O-glycosylated peptides. Simultaneous recognition of both glycan and the aglycon moieties enhances the affinity and specificity of lectins such as CLEC-2 and PILRα. Attention has been paid to the roles of galectin and RegIII family of proteins in protein-protein interactions involved in critical biological functions including signal transduction and bactericidal pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nagae
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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30
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Nonaka Y, Ogawa T, Yoshida H, Shoji H, Nishi N, Kamitori S, Nakamura T. Crystal structure of a Xenopus laevis skin proto-type galectin, close to but distinct from galectin-1. Glycobiology 2015; 25:792-803. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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31
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McCabe O, Spinelli S, Farenc C, Labbé M, Tremblay D, Blangy S, Oscarson S, Moineau S, Cambillau C. The targeted recognition of Lactococcus lactis phages to their polysaccharide receptors. Mol Microbiol 2015; 96:875-86. [PMID: 25708888 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Each phage infects a limited number of bacterial strains through highly specific interactions of the receptor-binding protein (RBP) at the tip of phage tail and the receptor at the bacterial surface. Lactococcus lactis is covered with a thin polysaccharide pellicle (hexasaccharide repeating units), which is used by a subgroup of phages as a receptor. Using L. lactis and phage 1358 as a model, we investigated the interaction between the phage RBP and the pellicle hexasaccharide of the host strain. A core trisaccharide (TriS), derived from the pellicle hexasaccharide repeating unit, was chemically synthesised, and the crystal structure of the RBP/TriS complex was determined. This provided unprecedented structural details of RBP/receptor site-specific binding. The complete hexasaccharide repeating unit was modelled and found to aptly fit the extended binding site. The specificity observed in in vivo phage adhesion assays could be interpreted in view of the reported structure. Therefore, by combining synthetic carbohydrate chemistry, X-ray crystallography and phage plaquing assays, we suggest that phage adsorption results from distinct recognition of the RBP towards the core TriS or the remaining residues of the hexasacchride receptor. This study provides a novel insight into the adsorption process of phages targeting saccharides as their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla McCabe
- Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Spinelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Marseille, UMR, 7257, France.,Aix-Marseille University, Campus de Luminy, Case 932, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Carine Farenc
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Marseille, UMR, 7257, France.,Aix-Marseille University, Campus de Luminy, Case 932, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Myriam Labbé
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale & Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denise Tremblay
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale & Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Blangy
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Marseille, UMR, 7257, France.,Aix-Marseille University, Campus de Luminy, Case 932, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvain Moineau
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale & Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Marseille, UMR, 7257, France.,Aix-Marseille University, Campus de Luminy, Case 932, Marseille, 13288, France
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32
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Cecioni S, Imberty A, Vidal S. Glycomimetics versus Multivalent Glycoconjugates for the Design of High Affinity Lectin Ligands. Chem Rev 2014; 115:525-61. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500303t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samy Cecioni
- CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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33
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Ramaswamy S, Sleiman MH, Masuyer G, Arbez-Gindre C, Micha-Screttas M, Calogeropoulou T, Steele BR, Acharya KR. Structural basis of multivalent galactose-based dendrimer recognition by human galectin-7. FEBS J 2014; 282:372-87. [PMID: 25367374 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously present animal lectins with a high affinity for β-galactose-containing oligosaccharides. To date, 15 mammalian galectins have been identified. Their involvement in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions has highlighted their importance in signal transduction and other intracellular processes. Human galectin-7 (hGal-7) is a 15 kDa proto type galectin that forms a dimer in solution and its involvement in the stimulation and development of tumour growth has been reported. Previously, we reported the crystal structure of hGal-7 and its complex with galactose and lactose which provided insight into its molecular recognition and detailed interactions. Here, we present newly obtained high-resolution structural data on carbohydrate-based dendrons in complex with hGal-7. Our crystallographic data reveal how multivalent ligands interact with and form cross-links with these galectin molecules. Understanding how these dendrimeric compounds interact with hGal-7 would help in the design of new tools to investigate the recognition of carbohydrates by lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ramaswamy
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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34
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Molecular characterization of a novel proto-type antimicrobial protein galectin-1 from striped murrel. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:824-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Rachel H, Chang-Chun L. Recent advances toward the development of inhibitors to attenuate tumor metastasis via the interruption of lectin-ligand interactions. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2014; 69:125-207. [PMID: 24274369 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408093-5.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a well-recognized phenomenon that occurs on the surface of tumor cells, and the overexpression of a number of ligands (such as TF, sialyl Tn, and sialyl Lewis X) has been correlated to a worse prognosis for the patient. These unique carbohydrate structures play an integral role in cell-cell communication and have also been associated with more metastatic cancer phenotypes, which can result from binding to lectins present on cell surfaces. The most well studied metastasis-associated lectins are the galectins and selectins, which have been correlated to adhesion, neoangiogenesis, and immune-cell evasion processes. In order to slow the rate of metastatic lesion formation, a number of approaches have been successfully developed which involve interfering with the tumor lectin-substrate binding event. Through the generation of inhibitors, or by attenuating lectin and/or carbohydrate expression, promising results have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. This article briefly summarizes the involvement of lectins in the metastatic process and also describes different approaches used to prevent these undesirable carbohydrate-lectin binding events, which should ultimately lead to improvement in current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hevey Rachel
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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36
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Nagae M, Yamaguchi Y. Three-dimensional structural aspects of protein-polysaccharide interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3768-83. [PMID: 24595239 PMCID: PMC3975366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear polysaccharides are typically composed of repeating mono- or disaccharide units and are ubiquitous among living organisms. Polysaccharide diversity arises from chain-length variation, branching, and additional modifications. Structural diversity is associated with various physiological functions, which are often regulated by cognate polysaccharide-binding proteins. Proteins that interact with linear polysaccharides have been identified or developed, such as galectins and polysaccharide-specific antibodies, respectively. Currently, data is accumulating on the three-dimensional structure of polysaccharide-binding proteins. These proteins are classified into two types: exo-type and endo-type. The former group specifically interacts with the terminal units of polysaccharides, whereas the latter with internal units. In this review, we describe the structural aspects of exo-type and endo-type protein-polysaccharide interactions. Further, we discuss the structural basis for affinity and specificity enhancement in the face of inherently weak binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nagae
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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37
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Structural basis for recognition of autophagic receptor NDP52 by the sugar receptor galectin-8. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1613. [PMID: 23511477 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bacteria are cleared from mammalian cells by host autophagy in combination with other upstream cellular components, such as the autophagic receptor NDP52 and sugar receptor galectin-8. However, the detailed molecular basis of the interaction between these two receptors remains to be elucidated. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of both NDP52 and galectin-8 as well as the crystal structure of galectin-8 complexed with an NDP52 peptide. The unexpected observation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide located at the carbohydrate-binding site expands our knowledge of the sugar-binding specificity of galectin-8. The NDP52-galectin-8 complex structure explains the key determinants for recognition on both receptors and defines a special orientation of N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-8. Dimeric NDP52 forms a ternary complex with two monomeric galectin-8 molecules as well as two LC3C molecules. These results lay the groundwork for understanding how host cells target bacterial pathogens for autophagy.
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38
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Conformational Selection in Glycomimetics: Human Galectin-1 Only Recognizessyn-Ψ-Type Conformations of β-1,3-Linked Lactose and ItsC-Glycosyl Derivative. Chemistry 2013; 19:14581-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Expression and function of galectins in the endometrium and at the human feto-maternal interface. Placenta 2013; 34:863-72. [PMID: 23911101 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are classified as lectins that share structural similarities and bind β-galactosides via a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. So far 16 out of 19 identified galectins were shown to be present in humans and numerous studies revealed galectins as pivotal modulators of cell death, differentiation and growth. Galectins were highlighted to interact with both the adaptive and innate immune response. In the field of reproductive medicine and placenta research different roles for galectins have been proposed. Several galectins, being abundantly present at the human feto-maternal interphase and endometrium, were hypothesized to significantly contribute to endometrial receptivity and pregnancy physiology. Hence, this review outlines selected aspects of galectin action within endometrial function and at the feto-maternal interphase. Further current knowledge on galectins in reproductive and pregnancy disorders like endometriosis, abortion or preeclampsia is summarized.
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Anginot A, Espeli M, Chasson L, Mancini SJC, Schiff C. Galectin 1 modulates plasma cell homeostasis and regulates the humoral immune response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5526-33. [PMID: 23616571 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (GAL1) is an S-type lectin with multiple functions, including the control of B cell homeostasis. GAL1 expression was reported to be under the control of the plasma cell master regulator BLIMP-1. GAL1 was detected at the protein level in LPS-stimulated B cells and was shown to promote Ig secretion in vitro. However, the pattern of GAL1 expression and function of GAL1 in B cells in vivo are still unclear. In this study, we show that, among B cells, GAL1 is only expressed by differentiating plasma cells following T-dependent or T-independent immunization. Using GAL1-deficient mice we demonstrate that GAL1 expression is required for the maintenance of Ag-specific Ig titers and Ab-secreting cell numbers. Using an in vitro differentiation assay we find that GAL1-deficient plasmablasts can develop normally but die rapidly, through caspase 8 activation, under serum starvation-induced death conditions. TUNEL assays show that in vivo-generated GAL1-deficient plasma cells exhibit an increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that endogenous GAL1 supports plasma cell survival and participates in the regulation of the humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Anginot
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, UM2, Marseille F-13288, France.
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41
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Li S, Wandel MP, Li F, Liu Z, He C, Wu J, Shi Y, Randow F. Sterical hindrance promotes selectivity of the autophagy cargo receptor NDP52 for the danger receptor galectin-8 in antibacterial autophagy. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra9. [PMID: 23386746 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, the process of lysosome-dependent degradation of cytosolic components, is a mechanism by which cells selectively engulf invading pathogens to protect themselves against infection. Galectin-8, a cytosolic protein with specificity for β-galactoside-containing glycans, binds endosomal and lysosomal membranes that have been damaged, for example, by pathogens, and selectively recruits the autophagy cargo receptor NDP52 to induce autophagy. We solved the crystal structure of the NDP52-galectin-8 complex to show how NDP52 exclusively binds galectin-8 and, consequently, why other galectins do not restrict the growth of Salmonella in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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42
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Yoshida H, Yamashita S, Teraoka M, Itoh A, Nakakita SI, Nishi N, Kamitori S. X-ray structure of a protease-resistant mutant form of human galectin-8 with two carbohydrate recognition domains. FEBS J 2012; 279:3937-51. [PMID: 22913484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 is a tandem-repeat-type β-galactoside-specific animal lectin possessing N-terminal and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (N-CRD and C-CRD, respectively), with a difference in carbohydrate-binding specificity, involved in cell-matrix interaction, malignant transformation, and cell adhesion. N-CRD shows strong affinity for α2-3-sialylated oligosaccharides, a feature unique to galectin-8. C-CRD usually shows lower affinity for oligosaccharides but higher affinity for N-glycan-type branched oligosaccharides than does N-CRD. There have been many structural studies on galectins with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), but no X-ray structure of a galectin containing both CRDs has been reported. Here, the X-ray structure of a protease-resistant mutant form of human galectin-8 possessing both CRDs and the novel pseudodimer structure of galectin-8 N-CRD in complexes with α2-3-sialylated oligosaccharide ligands were determined. The results revealed a difference in specificity between N-CRD and C-CRD, and provided new insights into the association of CRDs and/or molecules of galectin-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Yoshida
- Life Science Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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43
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Cecioni S, Matthews SE, Blanchard H, Praly JP, Imberty A, Vidal S. Synthesis of lactosylated glycoclusters and inhibition studies with plant and human lectins. Carbohydr Res 2012; 356:132-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Belardi B, O'Donoghue GP, Smith AW, Groves JT, Bertozzi CR. Investigating cell surface galectin-mediated cross-linking on glycoengineered cells. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9549-52. [PMID: 22540968 PMCID: PMC3374418 DOI: 10.1021/ja301694s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The galectin family of glycan-binding proteins is thought
to mediate
many cellular processes by oligomerizing cell surface glycoproteins
and glycolipids into higher-order aggregates. This hypothesis reflects
the known oligomeric states of the galectins themselves and their
binding properties with multivalent ligands in vitro, but direct evidence of their ability to cross-link ligands on a
cell surface is lacking. A major challenge in fundamental studies
of galectin–ligand interactions is that their natural ligands
comprise a heterogeneous collection of glycoconjugates that share
related glycan structures but disparate underlying scaffolds. Consequently,
there is no obvious means to selectively monitor the behaviors of
natural galectin ligands on live cell surfaces. Here we describe an
approach for probing the galectin-induced multimerization of glycoconjugates
on cultured cells. Using RAFT polymerization, we synthesized well-defined
glycopolymers (GPs) functionalized with galectin-binding glycans along
the backbone, a lipid group on one end and a fluorophore on the other.
After insertion into live cell membranes, the GPs’ fluorescence
lifetime and diffusion time were measured in the presence and absence
of galectin-1. We observed direct evidence for galectin-1-mediated
extended cross-linking on the engineered cells, a phenomenon that
was dependent on glycan structure. This platform offers a new approach
to exploring the “galectin lattice” hypothesis and to
defining galectin ligand specificity in a physiologically relevant
context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Belardi
- Department of Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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45
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A Novel Binding Pattern Unique in Two Ligands for One Carbohydrate Recognition Domain in Galectins*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Bian CF, Zhang Y, Sun H, Li DF, Wang DC. Structural basis for distinct binding properties of the human galectins to Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25007. [PMID: 21949831 PMCID: PMC3176802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF or T) antigen, Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr, is the core 1 structure of O-linked mucin type glycans appearing in tumor-associated glycosylation. The TF antigen occurs in about 90% of human cancer cells and is a potential ligand for the human endogenous galectins. It has been reported that human galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) can perform their cancer-related functions via specifically recognizing TF antigen. However, the detailed binding properties have not been clarified and structurally characterized. In this work, first we identified the distinct TF-binding abilities of Gal-1 and Gal-3. The affinity to TF antigen for Gal-3 is two orders of magnitude higher than that for Gal-1. The structures of Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) complexed with TF antigen and derivatives, TFN and GM1, were then determined. These structures show a unique Glu-water-Arg-water motif-based mode as previously observed in the mushroom galectin AAL. The observation demonstrates that this recognition mode is commonly adopted by TF-binding galectins, either as endogenous or exogenous ones. The detailed structural comparisons between Gal-1 and Gal-3 CRD and mutagenesis experiments reveal that a pentad residue motif (51AHGDA55) at the loop (g1-L4) connecting β-strands 4 and 5 of Gal-1 produces a serious steric hindrance for TF binding. This motif is the main structural basis for Gal-1 with the low affinity to TF antigen. These findings provide the intrinsic structural elements for regulating the TF-binding activity of Gal-1 in some special conditions and also show certain target and approach for mediating some tumor-related bioactivities of human galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Feng Bian
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Feng Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (D-FL); (D-CW)
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (D-FL); (D-CW)
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Miller MC, Ribeiro JP, Roldós V, Martín-Santamaría S, Cañada FJ, Nesmelova IA, André S, Pang M, Klyosov AA, Baum LG, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gabius HJ, Mayo KH. Structural aspects of binding of α-linked digalactosides to human galectin-1. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1627-41. [PMID: 21712397 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
By definition, adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins are known for their ability to bind β-galactosides such as Galβ(1 → 4)Glc (lactose). Indications for affinity of human galectin-1 to α-linked digalactosides pose questions on the interaction profile with such bound ligands and selection of the galactose moiety for CH-π stacking. These issues are resolved by a combination of (15)N-(1)H heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) chemical shift and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR) epitope mappings with docking analysis, using the α(1 → 3/4)-linked digalactosides and also Galα(1 → 6)Glc (melibiose) as test compounds. The experimental part revealed interaction with the canonical lectin site, and this preferentially via the non-reducing-end galactose moiety. Low-energy conformers appear to be selected without notable distortion, as shown by molecular dynamics simulations. With the α(1 → 4) disaccharide, however, the typical CH-π interaction is significantly diminished, yet binding appears to be partially compensated for by hydrogen bonding. Overall, these findings reveal that the type of α-linkage in digalactosides has an impact on maintaining CH-π interactions and the pattern of hydrogen bonding, explaining preference for the α(1 → 3) linkage. Thus, this lectin is able to accommodate both α- and β-linked galactosides at the same site, with major contacts to the non-reducing-end sugar unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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The Structure of Physarum polycephalum hemagglutinin I suggests a minimal carbohydrate recognition domain of legume lectin fold. J Mol Biol 2011; 405:560-9. [PMID: 21094650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Physarum polycephalum hemagglutinin I (HA1) is a 104-residue protein that is secreted to extracellular space. The crystal structure of HA1 has a β-sandwich fold found among lectin structures, such as legume lectins and galectins. Interestingly, the β-sandwich of HA1 lacks a jelly roll motif and is essentially composed of two simple up-and-down β-sheets. This up-and-down β-sheet motif is well conserved in other legume lectin-like proteins derived from animals, plants, bacteria, and viruses. It is more noteworthy that the up-and-down β-sheet motif includes many residues that make contact with the target carbohydrates. Our NMR data demonstrate that HA1 lacking a jelly roll motif also binds to its target glycopeptide. Taken together, these data show that the up-and-down β-sheet motif provides a fundamental scaffold for the binding of legume lectin-like proteins to the target carbohydrates, and the structure of HA1 suggests a minimal carbohydrate recognition domain.
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Zhang D, Jiang S, Hu Y, Cui S, Guo H, Wu K, Li Y, Su T. A multidomain galectin involved in innate immune response of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1-6. [PMID: 20813129 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Galectins could specifically bind to β-galactoside residues and play crucial roles in innate immune responses of vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, the cDNA of a galectin with multiple carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) was cloned from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (designated as PoGal). PoGal cDNA was 2138bp long and consisted of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 120bp, a 3'-UTR of 350bp with two cytokine RNA instability motifs (ATTTA), and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1668bp encoding a polypeptide of 555 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 63.4kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.8. PoGal contained four CRDs, each CRD of PoGal all had the conserved carbohydrate-binding motifs H-NPR and WG-ER. PoGal shared 43.7% and 62.9% identity to those of bay scallop and eastern oyster, respectively, which were only two galectins with four CRDs. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all galectins with four CRDs formed a single clade. PoGal mRNA was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, and the expression level of PoGal mRNA was significantly up-regulated in digestive gland, mantle, haemocyte, gonad and intestine after Vibrio alginolyticus stimulation. The expression profile analysis showed that the expression level of PoGal mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 4, 8 and 12h after V. alginolyticus stimulation. These results suggested that PoGal was a constitutive and inducible acute-phase protein that perhaps involved in innate immune response of pearl oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianchang Zhang
- Division of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
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50
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Takeuchi T, Sugiura KI, Nishiyama K, Takahashi H, Natsugari H, Arata Y, Kasai KI. Sugar-Binding Properties of the Two Lectin Domains of LEC-1 with Respect to the Gal.BETA.1-4Fuc Disaccharide Unit Present in Protostomia Glycoconjugates. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1134-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Ken-ichi Sugiura
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Kazusa Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Hideaki Natsugari
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Ken-ichi Kasai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
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