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Totaro P, Tirelli C, De Amici M, Grosjean F, Testa G, Sacchi L, De Silvestri A, Alloni A, Kushta E, Albertini R, Rampino T, D'Armini AM. Circulating Endothelin 1 but Not Transforming Growth Factor-β Levels Are Reduced after Pulmonary Endarterectomy in Subjects Affected by Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4977. [PMID: 39274190 PMCID: PMC11396395 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13174977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology and vascular remodeling of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) which is an under-diagnosed complication of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Currently, pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is still the treatment of choice for selected patients suffering from CTEPH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative circulating levels of ET-1 and TGF-β in subjects affected by CTEPH undergoing successful surgical treatment by PEA. Methods: The data from patients diagnosed with CTEPH who underwent PEA at the Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Hospital (Pavia, Italy) were prospectively recorded in the Institutional database. Circulating ET-1 and TGF-β levels were assessed by an ELISA commercial kit before PEA, at 3 months and 1 year after PEA. The demographic data, preoperatory mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), cardiac output (CO), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: The analysis included 340 patients with complete ET-1 measurements and 206 patients with complete TGF-β measurements. ET-1 significantly decreased both at 3 months (p < 0.001) and at 1 year (p = 0.009) after PEA. On the other hand, preoperatory TGF-β levels did not significantly change after PEA. Furthermore, ET-1, but not TGF-β, was a good predictor for increased mPAP in multivariate analyses (p < 0.05). Conclusions: ET-1 but not TGF β was significantly modulated by PEA in subjects affected by CTEPH up to 1 year after surgery. The mechanisms leading to prolonged elevated circulating TGF-β levels and their clinical significance have to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Totaro
- Division of Cardiac Surgery 2,Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Tirelli
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Mara De Amici
- Immuno-Allergology Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Grosjean
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis-Transplantation, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Testa
- Pediatrics Clinic, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Sacchi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Scientific Direction, Clinical Epidemiology & Biometric Unit, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Alloni
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis-Transplantation, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Eraldo Kushta
- Division of Cardiac Surgery 2,Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Albertini
- Immuno-Allergology Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis-Transplantation, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Maria D'Armini
- Division of Cardiac Surgery 2,Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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2
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Ozkara G, Aslan EI, Malikova F, Aydogan C, Ser OS, Kilicarslan O, Dalgic SN, Yildiz A, Ozturk O, Yilmaz-Aydogan H. Endothelin-converting Enzyme-1b Genetic Variants Increase the Risk of Coronary Artery Ectasia. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10810-9. [PMID: 38625594 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE), defined as a 1.5-fold or greater enlargement of a coronary artery segment compared to the adjacent normal coronary artery, is frequently associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). Membrane-bound endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) is involved in the maturation process of the most potent vasoconstrictor ET-1. Polymorphisms in the endothelin (ET) gene family have been shown associated with the development of atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate the effects of rs213045 and rs2038089 polymorphisms in the ECE-1 gene which have been previously shown to be associated with atherosclerosis and hypertension (HT), in CAE patients. Ninety-six CAE and 175 patients with normal coronary arteries were included in the study. ECE-1b gene variations rs213045 and rs2038089 were determined by real-time PCR. The frequencies of rs213045 C > A (C338A) CC genotype (60.4% vs. 35.4%, p < 0.001) and rs2038089 T > C T allele (64.58% vs. 35.42%, p = 0.017) were higher in the CAE group compared to the control group. The multivariate regression analysis showed that the ECE-1b rs213045 CC genotype (p = 0.001), rs2038089 T allele (p = 0.017), and hypercholesterolemia (HC) (p = 0.001) are risk factors for CAE. Moreover, in nondiabetic individuals of the CAE and control groups, it was observed that the rs213045 CC genotype (p < 0.001), and rs2038089 T allele (p = 0.003) were a risk factor for CAE, but this relationship was not found in the diabetic subgroups of the study groups (p > 0.05). These results show that ECE-1b polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of CAE and this relationship may change according to the presence of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Ozkara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Biology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Topkapi Mahallesi, Adnan Menderes Vatan Bulvari, No:113, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ezgi Irmak Aslan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Nisantasi University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fidan Malikova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Aydogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Selim Ser
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Kilicarslan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadiye Nur Dalgic
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz-Aydogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Banecki KMRM, Dora KA. Endothelin-1 in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11295. [PMID: 37511055 PMCID: PMC10379484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovered almost 40 years ago, the potent vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) has a wide range of roles both physiologically and pathologically. In recent years, there has been a focus on the contribution of ET-1 to disease. This has led to the development of various ET receptor antagonists, some of which are approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, while clinical trials for other diseases have been numerous yet, for the most part, unsuccessful. However, given the vast physiological impact of ET-1, it is both surprising and disappointing that therapeutics targeting the ET-1 pathway remain limited. Strategies aimed at the pathways influencing the synthesis and release of ET-1 could provide new therapeutic avenues, yet research using cultured cells in vitro has had little follow up in intact ex vivo and in vivo preparations. This article summarises what is currently known about the synthesis, storage and release of ET-1 as well as the role of ET-1 in several diseases including cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19 and chronic pain. Unravelling the ET-1 pathway and identifying therapeutic targets has the potential to treat many diseases whether through disease prevention, slowing disease progression or reversing pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim A Dora
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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German CA, Liao JK. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of statin pleiotropic effects. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1529-1545. [PMID: 37084080 PMCID: PMC10119541 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Statins represent the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These medications not only reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) via inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate attached to CoA reductase, the key rate-limiting step in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, but also upregulate expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor, improving serum clearance. Given LDL-C is a causal risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, these complementary mechanisms largely explain why statin therapy leads to reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events. However, decades of basic and clinical research have suggested that statins may exert other effects independent of LDL-C lowering, termed pleiotropic effects, which have become a topic of debate among the scientific community. While some literature suggests statins may improve plaque stability, reduce inflammation and thrombosis, decrease oxidative stress, and improve endothelial function and vascular tone, other studies have suggested potential harmful pleiotropic effects related to increased risk of muscle-related side effects, diabetes, hemorrhagic stroke, and cognitive decline. Furthermore, the introduction of newer, non-statin LDL-C lowering therapies, including ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin Type 9, and bempedoic acid, have challenged the statin pleiotropy theory. This review aims to provide a historical background on the development of statins, explore the mechanistic underpinnings of statin pleiotropy, review the available literature, and provide up to date examples that suggest statins may exert effects outside of LDL-C lowering and the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A German
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - James K Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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5
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Chung EYM, Badve SV, Heerspink HJL, Wong MG. Endothelin receptor antagonists in kidney protection for diabetic kidney disease and beyond? Nephrology (Carlton) 2023; 28:97-108. [PMID: 36350038 PMCID: PMC10100079 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The burden of chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide, largely due to the increasing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. While renin angiotensin system inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter two inhibitors are the management cornerstone for reducing kidney and cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease (DKD), they are partially effective and further treatments are needed to prevent the progression to kidney failure. Endothelin receptor antagonism represent a potential additional therapeutic option due to its beneficial effect on pathophysiological processes involved in progressive kidney disease including proteinuria, which are independently associated with progression of kidney disease. This review discusses the biological mechanisms of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) in kidney protection, the efficacy and safety of ERA in randomised controlled trials reporting on kidney outcomes, and its potential future use in both diabetic and non-DKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Y M Chung
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sunil V Badve
- Renal and Metabolic Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Renal and Metabolic Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacoy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Muh Geot Wong
- Department of Renal Medicine, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
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Association between atherogenic risk-modulating proteins and endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation in coronary artery disease patients. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:367-380. [PMID: 36305972 PMCID: PMC9894982 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endothelial dysfunction is an early and integral event in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Reduced NO bioavailability, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, inflammation and senescence are all implicated in endothelial dysfunction. However, there are limited data examining associations between these pathways and direct in vivo bioassay measures of endothelial function in CAD patients. This study aimed to examine the relationships between in vivo measures of vascular function and the expression of atherogenic risk-modulating proteins in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the radial artery of CAD patients. METHODS Fifty-six patients with established CAD underwent trans-radial catheterization. Prior to catheterization, radial artery vascular function was assessed using a) flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and b) exercise-induced dilation in response to handgrip (HE%). Freshly isolated ECs were obtained from the radial artery during catheterization and protein content of eNOS, NAD(P)H oxidase subunit NOX2, NFκB, ET-1 and the senescence markers p53, p21 and p16 were evaluated alongside nitrotyrosine abundance and eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation. RESULTS FMD was positively associated with eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation (r = 0.290, P = 0.037), and protein content of p21 (r = 0.307, P = 0.027) and p16 (r = 0.426, P = 0.002). No associations were found between FMD and markers of oxidative stress, vasoconstriction or inflammation. In contrast to FMD, HE% was not associated with any of the EC proteins. CONCLUSION These data revealed a difference in the regulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation measured in vivo between patients with CAD compared to previously reported data in subjects without a clinical diagnosis, suggesting that eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation may be the key to maintain vasodilation in CAD patients.
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7
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Inggriani MP, Musthafa A, Puspitawati I, Fachiroh J, Dewi FST, Hartopo AB. Increased endothelin-1 levels in coronary artery disease with diabetes mellitus in an Indonesian population. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:1097-1105. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potential biomarker of endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate ET-1 level in CAD patients and its relationship with DM. The cross-sectional design included subjects with angiographically proven CAD and controls among Indonesian. DM was defined by medical history and anti-diabetics use. Serum ET-1 level was measured in both subject groups. We recruited 305 subjects, 183 CAD patients and 122 controls. CAD subjects had higher percentage of males, DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease, and obesity. ET-1 level was significantly higher in CAD than in controls (2.44 ± 1.49 pg/mL vs. 1.76 ± 0.83 pg/mL; p < 0.001). Increased ET-1 level was significantly associated with DM and dyslipidemia. The highest ET-1 level was observed in CAD with DM, followed by CAD non-DM (2.79 ± 1.63 pg/mL vs. 2.29 ± 1.40 pg/mL; p = 0.023). Among controls, ET-1 level was the lowest in non-DM subjects. Female CAD had higher proportion of DM; however, ET-1 level was similar to male CAD with DM. In conclusion, an increased ET-1 level was significantly associated with DM in patients with CAD. Further research should investigate the potential role of ET-1 receptor antagonists in the secondary prevention of CAD with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Patricia Inggriani
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada–Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Musthafa
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada–Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Ira Puspitawati
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada–Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Jajah Fachiroh
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing—Biobank Unit, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi
- Department of Health Behaviour, Environment and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Anggoro Budi Hartopo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada–Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
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8
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Kuczmarski AV, Welti LM, Moreau KL, Wenner MM. ET-1 as a Sex-Specific Mechanism Impacting Age-Related Changes in Vascular Function. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:727416. [PMID: 35822003 PMCID: PMC9261354 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.727416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Globally, the population of adults over the age of 60 is expected to double by the year 2050. CVD prevalence and mortality rates differ between men and women as they age in part due to sex-specific mechanisms impacting the biological processes of aging. Measures of vascular function offer key insights into cardiovascular health. Changes in vascular function precede changes in CVD prevalence rates in men and women and with aging. A key mechanism underlying these changes in vascular function is the endothelin (ET) system. Studies have demonstrated sex and sex hormone effects on endothelin-1 (ET-1), and its receptors ETA and ETB. However, with aging there is a dysregulation of this system resulting in an imbalance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Thus, ET-1 may play a role in the sex differences observed with vascular aging. While most research has been conducted in pre-clinical animal models, we describe more recent translational data in humans showing that the ET system is an important regulator of vascular dysfunction with aging and acts through sex-specific ET receptor mechanisms. In this review, we present translational evidence (cell, tissue, animal, and human) that the ET system is a key mechanism regulating sex-specific changes in vascular function with aging, along with therapeutic interventions to reduce ET-mediated vascular dysfunction associated with aging. More knowledge on the factors responsible for the sex differences with vascular aging allow for optimized therapeutic strategies to attenuate CVD risk in the expanding aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Kuczmarski
- University of Delaware, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Laura M Welti
- University of Delaware, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Denver Veterans Administrative Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Megan M Wenner
- University of Delaware, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Newark, DE, United States
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9
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Shishikura D, Octavia Y, Hayat U, Thondapu V, Barlis P. Atherogenesis and Inflammation. Interv Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119697367.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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10
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List W, Weger M, Pinter-Hausberger S, Posch F, Rabensteiner J, Pailer S, Wedrich A, Posch-Pertl L. ENDOTHELIN-1 AS A RISK FACTOR IN RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION. Retina 2022; 42:738-743. [PMID: 34861658 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) risk factors largely coincide with cardiovascular risk factors. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), the most potent vasoconstrictor with proinflammatory properties, is a known cardiovascular risk factor. In this study, we explore the role of serum ET-1 as a potential risk factor for RVO. METHODS Endothelin-1 serum levels were measured in patients with RVO and control subjects. Samples were measured using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative determination of human big endothelin-1 (Biomedica Group, Austria). RESULTS The study consisted of 147 RVO patients and 150 control subjects. Median serum ET-1 was significantly higher in RVO patients (0.26 pmol/L; range, 0.19-0.37 pmol/L) compared with control subjects (0.10 pmol/L; range, 0.05-0.22 pmol/L) (P < 0.0001) independent of the occlusion site. The difference remained significant after adjusting for arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of stroke, history of myocardial infarction, history of venous thromboembolism, glomerular filtration rate, and c-reactive protein. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that ET-1 is a potential risk factor for all types of RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang List
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Weger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Florian Posch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; and
| | - Jasmin Rabensteiner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Pailer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Wedrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Posch-Pertl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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11
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The relation of RAAS activity and endothelin-1 levels to coronary atherosclerotic burden and microvascular dysfunction in chest pain patients. Atherosclerosis 2022; 347:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Willems LH, Nagy M, Ten Cate H, Spronk HMH, Groh LA, Leentjens J, Janssen NAF, Netea MG, Thijssen DHJ, Hannink G, van Petersen AS, Warlé MC. Sustained inflammation, coagulation activation and elevated endothelin-1 levels without macrovascular dysfunction at 3 months after COVID-19. Thromb Res 2021; 209:106-114. [PMID: 34922160 PMCID: PMC8642246 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelial damage and thrombosis caused by COVID-19 may imperil cardiovascular health. More than a year since the WHO declared COVID-19 pandemic, information on its effects beyond the acute phase is lacking. We investigate endothelial dysfunction, coagulation and inflammation, 3 months post-COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort study was conducted including 203 patients with prior COVID-19. Macrovascular dysfunction was assessed by measuring the carotid artery diameter in response to hand immersion in ice-water. A historic cohort of 312 subjects served as controls. Propensity score matching corrected for baseline differences. Plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 were measured in patients post-COVID-19, during the acute phase, and in matched controls. Coagulation enzyme:inhibitor complexes and inflammatory cytokines were studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of macrovascular dysfunction did not differ between the COVID-19 (18.6%) and the historic cohort (22.5%, RD -4%, 95%CI: -15-7, p = 0.49). Endothelin-1 levels were significantly higher in acute COVID-19 (1.67 ± 0.64 pg/mL) as compared to controls (1.24 ± 0.37, p < 0.001), and further elevated 3 months post-COVID-19 (2.74 ± 1.81, p < 0.001). Thrombin:antithrombin(AT) was high in 48.3%. Markers of contact activation were increased in 16-30%. FVIIa:AT (35%) and Von Willebrand Factor:antigen (80.8%) were elevated. Inflammatory cytokine levels were high in a majority: interleukin(IL)-18 (73.9%), IL-6 (47.7%), and IL-1ra (48.9%). At 3 months after acute COVID-19 there was no indication of macrovascular dysfunction; there was evidence, however, of sustained endothelial cell involvement, coagulation activity and inflammation. Our data highlight the importance of further studies on SARS-CoV-2 related vascular inflammation and thrombosis, as well as longer follow-up in recovered patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Willems
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Nagy
- Departments of Internal medicine and Biochemistry, MUMC and CARIM School for Cardiovascular diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - H Ten Cate
- Departments of Internal medicine and Biochemistry, MUMC and CARIM School for Cardiovascular diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - H M H Spronk
- Departments of Internal medicine and Biochemistry, MUMC and CARIM School for Cardiovascular diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L A Groh
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Leentjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N A F Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands/Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Hannink
- Department of Operating Rooms, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A S van Petersen
- Department of Surgery, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, the Netherlands
| | - M C Warlé
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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13
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The Causal Relationship between Endothelin-1 and Hypertension: Focusing on Endothelial Dysfunction, Arterial Stiffness, Vascular Remodeling, and Blood Pressure Regulation. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090986. [PMID: 34575135 PMCID: PMC8472034 DOI: 10.3390/life11090986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide and is among the most important risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. It is currently thought to be the result of disturbances in a number of neural, renal, hormonal, and vascular mechanisms regulating blood pressure (BP), so crucial importance is given to the imbalance of a number of vasoactive factors produced by the endothelium. Decreased nitric oxide production and increased production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the vascular wall may promote oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation, with the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED) and increased vasoconstrictor activity. Increased ET-1 production can contribute to arterial aging and the development of atherosclerotic changes, which are associated with increased arterial stiffness and manifestation of isolated systolic HTN. In addition, ET-1 is involved in the complex regulation of BP through synergistic interactions with angiotensin II, regulates the production of catecholamines and sympathetic activity, affects renal hemodynamics and water–salt balance, and regulates baroreceptor activity and myocardial contractility. This review focuses on the relationship between ET-1 and HTN and in particular on the key role of ET-1 in the pathogenesis of ED, arterial structural changes, and impaired vascular regulation of BP. The information presented includes basic concepts on the role of ET-1 in the pathogenesis of HTN without going into detailed analyses, which allows it to be used by a wide range of specialists. Also, the main pathological processes and mechanisms are richly illustrated for better understanding.
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14
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Torres Crigna A, Link B, Samec M, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Endothelin-1 axes in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:265-305. [PMID: 34367381 PMCID: PMC8334338 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in the regulation of a myriad of processes highly relevant for physical and mental well-being; female and male health; in the modulation of senses, pain, stress reactions and drug sensitivity as well as healing processes, amongst others. Shifted ET-1 homeostasis may influence and predict the development and progression of suboptimal health conditions, metabolic impairments with cascading complications, ageing and related pathologies, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative pathologies, aggressive malignancies, modulating, therefore, individual outcomes of both non-communicable and infectious diseases such as COVID-19. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the involvement of ET-1 and related regulatory pathways in physiological and pathophysiological processes and estimates its capacity as a predictor of ageing and related pathologies,a sensor of lifestyle quality and progression of suboptimal health conditions to diseases for their targeted preventionand as a potent target for cost-effective treatments tailored to the person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Torres Crigna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Link
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Sucato V, Corrado E, Manno G, Amata F, Testa G, Novo G, Galassi AR. Biomarkers of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients With Microvascular Angina: A Narrative Review. Angiology 2021; 73:395-406. [PMID: 34338554 DOI: 10.1177/00033197211034267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current gold standard for diagnosis of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in the absence of myocardial diseases, whose clinical manifestation is microvascular angina (MVA), is reactivity testing using adenosine or acetylcholine during coronary angiography. This invasive test can be difficult to perform, expensive, and harmful. The identification of easily obtainable blood biomarkers which reflect the pathophysiology of CMD, characterized by high reliability, precision, accuracy, and accessibility may reduce risks and costs related to invasive procedures and even facilitate the screening and diagnosis of CMD. In this review, we summarized the results of several studies that have investigated the possible relationships between blood biomarkers involved with CMD and MVA. More specifically, we have divided the analyzed biomarkers into 3 different groups, according to the main mechanisms underlying CMD: biomarkers of "endothelial dysfunction," "vascular inflammation," and "oxidative stress." Finally, in the last section of the review, we consider mixed mechanisms and biomarkers which are not included in the 3 major categories mentioned above, but could be involved in the pathogenesis of CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sucato
- Unit of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Egle Corrado
- Unit of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Manno
- Unit of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Amata
- Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Unit of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Novo
- Unit of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfredo R Galassi
- Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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16
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Glucocorticoids: Fuelling the Fire of Atherosclerosis or Therapeutic Extinguishers? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147622. [PMID: 34299240 PMCID: PMC8303333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones with key roles in the regulation of many physiological systems including energy homeostasis and immunity. However, chronic glucocorticoid excess, highlighted in Cushing's syndrome, is established as being associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CVD, leading to complications including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure. While the associations between glucocorticoid excess and increased prevalence of these complications are well established, the mechanisms underlying the role of glucocorticoids in development of atheroma are unclear. This review aims to better understand the importance of glucocorticoids in atherosclerosis and to dissect their cell-specific effects on key processes (e.g., contractility, remodelling and lesion development). Clinical and pre-clinical studies have shown both athero-protective and pro-atherogenic responses to glucocorticoids, effects dependent upon their multifactorial actions. Evidence indicates regulation of glucocorticoid bioavailability at the vasculature is complex, with local delivery, pre-receptor metabolism, and receptor expression contributing to responses linked to vascular remodelling and inflammation. Further investigations are required to clarify the mechanisms through which endogenous, local glucocorticoid action and systemic glucocorticoid treatment promote/inhibit atherosclerosis. This will provide greater insights into the potential benefit of glucocorticoid targeted approaches in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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17
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Ouerd S, Idris-Khodja N, Trindade M, Ferreira NS, Berillo O, Coelho SC, Neves MF, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Endothelium-restricted endothelin-1 overexpression in type 1 diabetes worsens atherosclerosis and immune cell infiltration via NOX1. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1144-1153. [PMID: 32533834 PMCID: PMC7983005 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 but not NOX4-dependent oxidative stress plays a role in diabetic vascular disease, including atherosclerosis. Endothelin (ET)-1 has been implicated in diabetes-induced vascular complications. We showed that crossing mice overexpressing human ET-1 selectively in endothelium (eET-1) with apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice enhanced high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in part by increasing oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that ET-1 overexpression in the endothelium would worsen atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes through a mechanism involving NOX1 but not NOX4. METHODS AND RESULTS Six-week-old male Apoe-/- and eET-1/Apoe-/- mice with or without Nox1 (Nox1-/y) or Nox4 knockout (Nox4-/-) were injected intraperitoneally with either vehicle or streptozotocin (55 mg/kg/day) for 5 days to induce type 1 diabetes and were studied 14 weeks later. ET-1 overexpression increased 2.5-fold and five-fold the atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic sinus and arch of diabetic Apoe-/- mice, respectively. Deletion of Nox1 reduced aortic arch plaque size by 60%; in contrast, Nox4 knockout increased lesion size by 1.5-fold. ET-1 overexpression decreased aortic sinus and arch plaque alpha smooth muscle cell content by ∼35% and ∼50%, respectively, which was blunted by Nox1 but not Nox4 knockout. Reactive oxygen species production was increased two-fold in aortic arch perivascular fat of diabetic eET-1/Apoe-/- and eET-1/Apoe-/-/Nox4-/- mice but not eET-1/Apoe-/-/Nox1y/- mice. ET-1 overexpression enhanced monocyte/macrophage and CD3+ T-cell infiltration ∼2.7-fold in the aortic arch perivascular fat of diabetic Apoe-/- mice. Both Nox1 and Nox4 knockout blunted CD3+ T-cell infiltration whereas only Nox1 knockout prevented the monocyte/macrophage infiltration in diabetic eET-1/Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSION Endothelium ET-1 overexpression enhances the progression of atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes, perivascular oxidative stress, and inflammation through NOX1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Endothelin-1/genetics
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Macrophages/enzymology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Monocytes/enzymology
- Monocytes/immunology
- NADPH Oxidase 1/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Up-Regulation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Ouerd
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Noureddine Idris-Khodja
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle Trindade
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathanne S Ferreira
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olga Berillo
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Suellen C Coelho
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mario F Neves
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Pierre Paradis
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, #B-127 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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18
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The Reducing Effects of Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Pyroptosis in Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Mice Aortas. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120648. [PMID: 33339328 PMCID: PMC7766911 DOI: 10.3390/md18120648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In hyperlipidemia, pyroptosis in endothelial cells (ECs) induces atherosclerosis via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. We evaluated the effects of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) and pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) on pyroptosis of ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which leads to attenuation of these cells and dysfunction of the aorta in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice and in palmitate-treated ECs and VSMCs. The expression of TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which induce formation of NOD-LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, were increased by HFD and were decreased by ECE and PPB. The TLR4/NF-κB pathway was upregulated in palmitate-treated ECs and VSMCs and was decreased by ECE and PPB. The expressions of NLRP3/apoptosis-associated speck like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 were increased by HFD and were decreased by ECE and PPB. Pyroptotic cells were increased by HFD and decreased by ECE and PPB. The expressions of the adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule and vascular cell adhesion molecule, and endothelin-1 were increased by HFD and were decreased by ECE and PPB. ECE and PPB decreased pyroptosis in the ECs and VSMCs, which was induced by HFD in the mouse aorta, and attenuated EC and VSMC dysfunction, an initiation factor of atherosclerosis.
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19
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The endothelin system as target for therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular and renal disease. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Li P, Schmidt IM, Sabbisetti V, Tio MC, Opotowsky AR, Waikar SS. Plasma Endothelin-1 and Risk of Death and Hospitalization in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:784-793. [PMID: 32381583 PMCID: PMC7274287 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.11130919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Endothelin-1 is a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and inflammation, all of which are critical pathophysiologic features of CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS To test the hypothesis that plasma endothelin-1 levels are associated with increased risks of mortality and hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney failure, we measured plasma endothelin-1 levels in a prospective cohort of 794 individuals receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The primary outcomes were time to death and time to hospitalization. RESULTS The median plasma endothelin-1 level was 2.02 (interquartile range, 1.57-2.71) pg/ml. During a median follow-up period of 28 (interquartile range, 21-29) months, 253 individuals (32%) died and 643 individuals (81%) were hospitalized at least once. In multivariable models adjusted for demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables, individuals in the highest quartile of plasma endothelin-1 had a 2.44-fold higher risk of death (hazard ratio, 2.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.61 to 3.70) and a 1.54-fold higher risk of hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 1.99) compared with individuals in the lowest quartile. The Harrell C-statistic of the fully adjusted model increased from 0.73 to 0.74 after addition of natural log-transformed plasma endothelin-1 (P<0.001) for all-cause mortality, and increased from 0.608 to 0.614 after addition of natural log-transformed plasma endothelin-1 (P=0.002) for hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma endothelin-1 is associated with adverse clinical events in patients receiving hemodialysis independent of previously described risk factors. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2020_05_15_CJN11130919.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Insa M. Schmidt
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Venkata Sabbisetti
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Clarissa Tio
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander R. Opotowsky
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sushrut S. Waikar
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Brewster LM, Garcia VP, Levy MV, Stockelman KA, Goulding A, DeSouza NM, Greiner JJ, Hijmans JG, DeSouza CA. Endothelin-1-induced endothelial microvesicles impair endothelial cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1497-1505. [PMID: 32324474 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00816.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1)-generated endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with ET-1 for 24 h. EMVs released into the supernatant from cells treated with ET-1 or vehicle were isolated and quantified. EMV release was higher (P < 0.05) in cells treated with ET-1 compared with control (95 ± 15 vs. 54 ± 5 EMV/µL). Fresh HUVECs were then treated with either ET-1, ET-1-induced EMVs, or control EMVs for 24 h. ET-1-generated EMVs induced significantly higher release of IL-6 (181.0 ± 16.0 vs. 132.1 ± 8.1 pg/mL) and IL-8 (303.4 ± 37.4 vs. 211.8 ± 10.0 pg/mL), as well as greater total NF-κB p65 (76.0 ± 7.6 vs. 57.1 ± 2.1 AU) and active NF-κB p65 (Ser-536) (11.6 ± 0.9 vs. 6.8 ± 1.0 AU) expression than control EMVs. There were no significant differences in expression of caspase-9 (230.1 ± 24.3 vs. 243.6 ± 22.3 AU), caspase-3 (271.9 ± 22.7 vs. 265.1 ± 30.5 AU), and active caspase-3 (4.4 ± 0.4 vs. 4.3 ± 0.1 AU) in cells treated with ET-1-EMVs versus control EMVs. Total eNOS (108.4 ± 11.4 vs. 158.8 ± 1.6 AU) and activated eNOS (4.7 ± 0.5 vs. 9.6 ± 1.4 AU) were significantly lower in endothelial cells treated with ET-1-generated EMVs compared with control EMVs. The effects of ET-1-generated EMVs on cellular markers and mediators of endothelial inflammation, as well as eNOS function, was comparable to the effects of ET-1. In summary, ET-1 induces an EMV phenotype that adversely affects endothelial cell function. ET-1-generated EMVs may contribute to the atherogenic effect of ET-1.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide released by the endothelium that contributes to the regulation of vascular tone. Overexpression of ET-1 has been implicated in the etiology of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) play a pivotal role in vascular health and disease. Their functional phenotype is largely dictated by the stimulus for release. EMVs released in response to various pathological conditions have been shown to elicit deleterious vascular effects. In the present study, we determined, in vitro, the effect of ET-1 on EMV release from endothelial cells and the effects of ET-1-generated EMVs on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). ET-1 induced a marked increase in EMV release. ET-1-generated EMVs significantly increased endothelial cell inflammation and reduced eNOS protein expression and activation. Moreover, the endothelial effects of ET-1-derived EMVs were similar to the direct effects of ET-1. ET-1-generated EMVs may contribute to the proatherogenic profile of ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ma'ayan V Levy
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kelly A Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Anabel Goulding
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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22
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Magnúsdóttir EI, Grujic M, Bergman J, Pejler G, Lagerström MC. Mouse connective tissue mast cell proteases tryptase and carboxypeptidase A3 play protective roles in itch induced by endothelin-1. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:123. [PMID: 32321525 PMCID: PMC7175568 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Itch is an unpleasant sensation that can be debilitating, especially if it is chronic and of non-histaminergic origin, as treatment options are limited. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor that also has the ability to induce a burning, non-histaminergic pruritus when exogenously administered, by activating the endothelin A receptor (ETAR) on primary afferents. ET-1 is released endogenously by several cell-types found in the skin, including macrophages and keratinocytes. Mast cells express ETARs and can thereby be degranulated by ET-1, and mast cell proteases chymase and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) are known to either generate or degrade ET-1, respectively, suggesting a role for mast cell proteases in the regulation of ET-1-induced itch. The mouse mast cell proteases (mMCPs) mMCP4 (chymase), mMCP6 (tryptase), and CPA3 are found in connective tissue type mast cells and are the closest functional homologs to human mast cell proteases, but little is known about their role in endothelin-induced itch. Methods In this study, we evaluated the effects of mast cell protease deficiency on scratching behavior induced by ET-1. To investigate this, mMCP knock-out and transgenic mice were injected intradermally with ET-1 and their scratching behavior was recorded and analyzed. Results CPA3-deficient mice and mice lacking all three proteases demonstrated highly elevated levels of scratching behavior compared with wild-type controls. A modest increase in the number of scratching bouts was also seen in mMCP6-deficient mice, while mMCP4-deficiency did not have any effect. Conclusion Altogether, these findings identify a prominent role for the mast cell proteases, in particular CPA3, in the protection against itch induced by ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elín I Magnúsdóttir
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mirjana Grujic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Bergman
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin C Lagerström
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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23
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Jones NK, Stewart K, Czopek A, Menzies RI, Thomson A, Moran CM, Cairns C, Conway BR, Denby L, Livingstone DEW, Wiseman J, Hadoke PW, Webb DJ, Dhaun N, Dear JW, Mullins JJ, Bailey MA. Endothelin-1 Mediates the Systemic and Renal Hemodynamic Effects of GPR81 Activation. Hypertension 2020; 75:1213-1222. [PMID: 32200679 PMCID: PMC7176350 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. GPR81 (G-protein-coupled receptor 81) is highly expressed in adipocytes, and activation by the endogenous ligand lactate inhibits lipolysis. GPR81 is also expressed in the heart, liver, and kidney, but roles in nonadipose tissues are poorly defined. GPR81 agonists, developed to improve blood lipid profile, might also provide insights into GPR81 physiology. Here, we assessed the blood pressure and renal hemodynamic responses to the GPR81 agonist, AZ′5538. In male wild-type mice, intravenous AZ′5538 infusion caused a rapid and sustained increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Renal artery blood flow, intrarenal tissue perfusion, and glomerular filtration rate were all significantly reduced. AZ′5538 had no effect on blood pressure or renal hemodynamics in Gpr81−/− mice. Gpr81 mRNA was expressed in renal artery vascular smooth muscle, in the afferent arteriole, in glomerular and medullary perivascular cells, and in pericyte-like cells isolated from kidney. Intravenous AZ′5538 increased plasma ET-1 (endothelin 1), and pretreatment with BQ123 (endothelin-A receptor antagonist) prevented the pressor effects of GPR81 activation, whereas BQ788 (endothelin-B receptor antagonist) did not. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, which increases renal extracellular lactate, increased the renal expression of genes encoding ET-1, KIM-1 (Kidney Injury Molecule 1), collagen type 1-α1, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), and F4/80 in wild-type mice but not in Gpr81−/− mice. In summary, activation of GPR81 in vascular smooth muscle and perivascular cells regulates renal hemodynamics, mediated by release of the potent vasoconstrictor ET-1. This suggests that lactate may be a paracrine regulator of renal blood flow, particularly relevant when extracellular lactate is high as occurs during ischemic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Jones
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Kevin Stewart
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Alicja Czopek
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Robert I Menzies
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Adrian Thomson
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Carmel M Moran
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Carolynn Cairns
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Bryan R Conway
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Laura Denby
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Dawn E W Livingstone
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - John Wiseman
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden (J.W.)
| | - Patrick W Hadoke
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - David J Webb
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - James W Dear
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - John J Mullins
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.K.J., K.S., A.C., R.I.M., A.T., C.M.M., C.C., B.R.C., L.D., D.E.W.L., P.W.H., D.J.W., N.D., J.W.D., J.J.M., M.A.B.)
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Chen Y, Su X, Qin Q, Yu Y, Jia M, Zhang H, Li H, Pei L. New insights into phenotypic switching of VSMCs induced by hyperhomocysteinemia: Role of endothelin-1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Ebihara I, Nakamura T, Takahashi T, Tomino Y, Shimada N, Koide H. Increased Endothelin-1 Mrna Expression in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Dialysis Patients. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089701700612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo compare plasma endothelin (ET)-1 level and ET-1 mRNA level in peripheral blood monocytes of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).DesignEndothelin-1 mRNA level in peripheral blood monocytes and plasma ET -1 level were studied in 30 HD patients, 15 CAPD patients, 20 chronic renal failure patients not being dialyzed, and 20 normal healthy controls. Hemodialysis patients were dialyzed three times per week with a bicarbonate dialysate. Different types of dialyzer membrane, viz., cellulose triacetate, cuprophane, poly-sulfone, polyacrylonitrile, and ethylenevinylalcohol were used in 8,6,6,5, and 5 patients, respectively. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients were dialyzed with four daily exchanges of a 2-L dialysate containing glucose at a concentration of 1.5% to 2.5%.ResultsHigher levels of ET -1 mRNA in monocytes were observed in HD patients than in CAPD patients (p < 0.01), chronic renal failure patients (p < 0.01), or normal healthy controls (p < 0.001). The level of ET -1 mRNA in monocytes at the end of HD was not significantly higher than that at the start of HD. ln addition, these mRNA levels in HD patients showed littledifference with different types of dialysis membrane. Plasma ET -1 level in HD patients (10.2 ± 2.4 pg/mL) was also higher than that in CAPD patients (7.8 ± 1.6 pg/mL, p < 0.01), in chronic renal failure patients (4.8 ± 1.2 pg/mL, p < 0.01), or in normal controls (2.6 ± 0.8 pg/mL, p < 0.001).ConclusionDialysis itself did not significantly affect ET -1 mRNA levels in monocytes. Chronic stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes may be associated with higher levels of ET -1 mRNA and plasma ET -1 in HD patients than in CAPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsukasa Nakamura
- Koto Hospital and Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiko Tomino
- Koto Hospital and Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Corban MT, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Endothelin-1 in coronary microvascular dysfunction: a potential new therapeutic target once again. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:3252-3254. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michel T Corban
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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Xu J, Sun Y, Lu J. Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) AK094457 Relieved Angiotensin II Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919854. [PMID: 32027625 PMCID: PMC7020760 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension could induce many serious diseases, including damage to vascular endothelial cells. As a non-coding RNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has received much attention in scientific research and has a regulating efficacy on many critical life activities in human body. The level of lncRNA AK094457 is thought to be elevated in hypertensive rats. However, there is no research indicating the relationship between the level of lncRNA AK094457 and vascular endothelial injury. Material/Methods In our study, we used lentiviral to knockdown lncRNA AK094457, and the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated by the Ang II to imitate the vascular endothelial cell damage caused by hypertension. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were used to detect the cells viability. Western blotting was performed to detect the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), p-eNOS and endothelin-1 (ET-1). After that the production of the NO was monitored. At last, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis rates were detected in this study. Results According to the results, we found that knockdown lncRNA AK094457 could alleviate the decrease of vascular endothelial cell viability induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). The knockdown of lncRNA AK094457 also relieved the downregulation of eNOS and p-eNOS, and the decreasing of NO release. At the same time, the knockdown of lncRNA inhibited the levels of Ang II-induced proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1, and IL-6) and cell adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 [VCAM-1], intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM-1], and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1]). The levels of ROS and apoptosis rates also decreased after the knockdown of lncRNA AK094457. Conclusions All these results indicated that lncRNA AK094457 could promote Ang II-induced vascular endothelial cell injury. On the contrary, knockdown of lncRNA AK094457 could alleviate this damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaYi Xu
- Department of Gerontology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gerontology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Liang X, Huang R, Huang J, Chen C, Qin F, Liu A, Tang X, Ning T, Nong H. Effect of an aqueous extract of Averrhoa carambola L. on endothelial function in rats with ventricular remodelling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109612. [PMID: 31733577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular remodelling leads to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, endothelial vasoactive substance changes and endothelial dysfunction. Our purpose was to research the effect of an aqueous extract of Averrhoa carambola L. (AEA) on endothelial function in rats with ventricular remodelling induced by isoprenaline. Rats were subjected to injection of isoprenaline and administration of various drugs. Vasoactive substances were measured, and the ventricular remodelling index was detected by the weighing method. Immunohistochemical analysis, pathological examination, Western blot and Masson's trichrome staining were performed. After AEA administration, the levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), angiotensin II (AngII), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE), and endothelin 1 (ET-1); the ventricular remodelling index; and the collagen volume fraction were decreased, while the levels of total NO synthase (tNOS) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were increased. The pathological examination results showed that apoptosis, fibrosis, necrosis and inflammatory infiltration of myocardial tissue were attenuated by AEA treatment. AEA might alleviate ventricular remodelling in rats by maintaining the balance of vasoactive substances and the function of the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Liang
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning 530023, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jianchun Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Feizhang Qin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Antao Liu
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning 530023, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning 530023, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Tian Ning
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning 530023, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Huiliang Nong
- PhaseI Clinical Center, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, P.R. China.
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Liu SQ, Zhang LP, Yan HY, Zhang XH, Wang LX. Nesiritide protects endothelial function after balloon-induced trauma in the iliac artery in rabbits. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Liu
- Shandong University, China; Liaocheng People’s Hospital, China
| | | | | | | | - Le-Xin Wang
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, China; Charles Sturt University, Australia
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Abstract
Discovered in 1987 as a potent endothelial cell-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), the predominant member of the endothelin peptide family, is now recognized as a multifunctional peptide with cytokine-like activity contributing to almost all aspects of physiology and cell function. More than 30 000 scientific articles on endothelin were published over the past 3 decades, leading to the development and subsequent regulatory approval of a new class of therapeutics-the endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs). This article reviews the history of the discovery of endothelin and its role in genetics, physiology, and disease. Here, we summarize the main clinical trials using ERAs and discuss the role of endothelin in cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension, preecclampsia, coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) caused by spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), Takotsubo syndrome, and heart failure. We also discuss how endothelins contributes to diabetic kidney disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as cancer, immune disorders, and allograft rejection (which all involve ETA autoantibodies), and neurological diseases. The application of ERAs, dual endothelin receptor/angiotensin receptor antagonists (DARAs), selective ETB agonists, novel biologics such as receptor-targeting antibodies, or immunization against ETA receptors holds the potential to slow the progression or even reverse chronic noncommunicable diseases. Future clinical studies will show whether targeting endothelin receptors can prevent or reduce disability from disease and improve clinical outcome, quality of life, and survival in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- From Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland (M.B.)
- Andreas Grüntzig Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland (M.B.)
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) and Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Japan (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.Y.)
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Corban MT, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Coronary Microvasculature: Are the Small and the Mighty Cross-Talking With the Epicardial Vessels? JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 11:2069-2071. [PMID: 30336811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel T Corban
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Sutton G, Pugh D, Dhaun N. Developments in the Role of Endothelin-1 in Atherosclerosis: A Potential Therapeutic Target? Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:813-815. [PMID: 31145445 PMCID: PMC6694011 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Sutton
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dan Pugh
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Miteva KT, Pedicini L, Wilson LA, Jayasinghe I, Slip RG, Marszalek K, Gaunt HJ, Bartoli F, Deivasigamani S, Sobradillo D, Beech DJ, McKeown L. Rab46 integrates Ca 2+ and histamine signaling to regulate selective cargo release from Weibel-Palade bodies. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2232-2246. [PMID: 31092558 PMCID: PMC6605797 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how a plethora of stimuli evoke differential cargo secretion from endothelial cells to produce stimulus-appropriate responses. Miteva et al. show that Rab46 integrates histamine signaling and Ca2+ signals to regulate selective cargo release from Weibel-Palade bodies. Endothelial cells selectively release cargo stored in Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) to regulate vascular function, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that histamine evokes the release of the proinflammatory ligand, P-selectin, while diverting WPBs carrying non-inflammatory cargo away from the plasma membrane to the microtubule organizing center. This differential trafficking is dependent on Rab46 (CRACR2A), a newly identified Ca2+-sensing GTPase, which localizes to a subset of P-selectin–negative WPBs. After acute stimulation of the H1 receptor, GTP-bound Rab46 evokes dynein-dependent retrograde transport of a subset of WPBs along microtubules. Upon continued histamine stimulation, Rab46 senses localized elevations of intracellular calcium and evokes dispersal of microtubule organizing center–clustered WPBs. These data demonstrate for the first time that a Rab GTPase, Rab46, integrates G protein and Ca2+ signals to couple on-demand histamine signals to selective WPB trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina T Miteva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lucia Pedicini
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lesley A Wilson
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Izzy Jayasinghe
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Raphael G Slip
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Katarzyna Marszalek
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Fiona Bartoli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Shruthi Deivasigamani
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Diego Sobradillo
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lynn McKeown
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Abstract
Background Noncalcified plaques (NCPs) and mixed plaques (MPs) are considered as the high-risk coronary plaques. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoactive peptide and shows a high expression in vulnerable plaque. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the bigET-1, the precursor of ET-1, and NCPs/MPs in a Chinese population. Methods and results A total of 513 patients with chest pain and suspected coronary artery disease were collected and divided into three groups with no plaques, calcified plaques, or NCPs/MPs according to the characteristics of all the plaques. It demonstrated that NCPs/MPs were associated with elevated bigET-1 (P < 0.001). Moreover, the proportion of NCPs/MPs was significantly increased from 43.3% in bigET-1 tertile 1 to 61.0% in tertile 3 group (P = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis further showed that bigET-1 was an independent predictor for the presence of NCPs/MPs (odds ratio = 1.858; 95% confidence interval: 1.017–3.394; P = 0.044). Conclusion The bigET-1 could be an independent predictor for the presence of NCPs/MPs. Noncalcified plaques (NCPs) and mixed plaques (MPs) are considered as the high risk coronary plaques. Endothelin- 1(ET-1) is a vasoactive peptide and shows a high expression in vulnerable plaque. However, the relationship between circulating ET-1 and NCPs/MPs is still an unanswered question. In the present study, we found that NCPs and MPs were associated with elevated plasma bigET-1, the precursor of ET-1. The patients with NCPs and MPs had significantly elevated bigET-1, compared to those without coronary plaque or those have calcified plaques. Multiple logistic regression analysis further showed that bigET-1 was an independent predictor for the presence of NCPs/MPs. The finding highlights the potential value of this assay in predicting the characteristics of plaques in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease.
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Theuerle J, Farouque O, Vasanthakumar S, Patel SK, Burrell LM, Clark DJ, Al-Fiadh AH. Plasma endothelin-1 and adrenomedullin are associated with coronary artery function and cardiovascular outcomes in humans. Int J Cardiol 2019; 291:168-172. [PMID: 30987836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoconstrictor associated with cardiovascular disease, whereas adrenomedullin (ADM) is a vasorelaxant with cardioprotective properties. We sought to determine the relationship between plasma ET-1 and ADM with coronary circulatory function and long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS Thirty-two patients undergoing coronary angiography for chest pain were recruited. Baseline plasma ET-1 and ADM levels were measured. The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), coronary flow mediated dilatation (cFMD) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) were measured in a non-obstructed coronary artery. Patients were assessed for MACE over a median period of 8.8 years. RESULTS Plasma ET-1 levels correlated with IMR (r = 0.57; p < 0.01) and ADM levels correlated with CFR (r = 0.50; p = 0.04) and cFMD (r = 0.62; p = 0.01). After adjustment for age, gender and cardiovascular risk factors, the association between ADM and cFMD (β = 0.79; p < 0.01) and between ET-1 and IMR (β = 5.7; p = 0.01) remained significant. IMR was higher, although not statistically significant, in patients with long-term MACE (17.9 ± 5.3 vs. 13.1 ± 6.0 units; p = 0.14). In patients free of MACE, cFMD (9.3 ± 7.6 vs. 2.8 ± 5.0%; p = 0.01) and plasma ADM levels (7.6 ± 5.3 vs. 4.0 ± 1.9 pmol/L; p = 0.07) were higher. CONCLUSIONS Plasma ET-1 and ADM were associated with measures of coronary microvascular and coronary conduit vessel function, respectively. Increased cFMD and elevated plasma ADM were associated with a cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Theuerle
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Omar Farouque
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Sheila K Patel
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise M Burrell
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J Clark
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ali H Al-Fiadh
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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De Haro J, Bleda S, Gonzalez-Hidalgo C, Michel I, Acin F. Long-Term Effects of Bosentan on Cardiovascular Events in Hispanic Patients with Intermittent Claudication: Four-Year Follow-up of the CLAU Trial : The CLAU Randomized Trial Long-Term Outcome. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2019; 19:203-209. [PMID: 30417231 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-018-0307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Clinical and Endothelial Function Assessment after Endothelin Receptor Antagonist (CLAU) trial demonstrated the effect of bosentan on the endothelial function, inflammatory status and claudication distance in Hispanic patients with incipient peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Our aim was to assess the protective effect on cardiovascular events of bosentan versus conventional anti-atherosclerosis therapy. METHODS CLAU included 56 patients with intermittent claudication, randomized 1:1 to receive bosentan for 12 weeks (n = 27) or placebo (n = 29), associating the best medical treatment. Log-rank and hazard ratio (HR) analyses were performed to estimate the relative efficacy of bosentan in preventing incidence of major adverse events (MAE) including target limb revascularization (TLR), amputation, myocardial infarction (MI), and all-cause death; major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) including TLR, amputation, MI, stroke, and cardiovascular-cause death; and major adverse limb events (MALE), which combines TLR and amputation. RESULTS During the follow-up period (34 ± 5 months), five MAE occurred in the control group only (17.2%), including two TLR, one amputation, one stroke, and an MI. The ratio of event-free survival for MAE to 3 years follow-up was higher in the group treated with bosentan (100% vs 66%, p = 0.01, HR = 76; 95% confidence interval 0.05-104,677, p = 0.24). A similar trend was observed in incidence of MACE (100% vs 66%, p = 0.01) and MALE (100% vs 80%, p = 0.15). CONCLUSION Treatment with bosentan in the early low-to-mild stages of PAD may prevent cardiovascular events and the need for lower limb revascularization in the Hispanic population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT25102012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin De Haro
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Getafe University Hospital, Ctra. Toledo km 12.300, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Bleda
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Getafe University Hospital, Ctra. Toledo km 12.300, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Gonzalez-Hidalgo
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Getafe University Hospital, Ctra. Toledo km 12.300, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Michel
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Getafe University Hospital, Ctra. Toledo km 12.300, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Acin
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Getafe University Hospital, Ctra. Toledo km 12.300, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
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Jankowich M, Choudhary G. Endothelin-1 levels and cardiovascular events. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 30:1-8. [PMID: 30765295 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulating plasma levels of endothelin-1 and related peptides generated during the synthesis of endothelin-1 from its precursor molecule pre-proendothelin-1 have been widely studied as potential risk markers for cardiovascular events. The associations of endothelin-1 with aging, blood pressure, lung function, and chronic kidney disease have been described, as have relations between endothelin-1 levels and evidence of cardiac remodeling, including increased left atrial diameter and increased left ventricular mass. Endothelin-1 has been studied as a predictor of and prognostic marker in coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The relationship of endothelin-1 levels to mortality in the general population has also been explored. This review examines the current state of knowledge of circulating endothelin-1 levels as they relate to cardiovascular events and prognosis, and explores future directions for research, including using endothelin-1 or related peptide levels to guide personalized treatment regimens and to select patients for primary prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jankowich
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Ave., Office 158L, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Gaurav Choudhary
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Ave., Office 158L, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Cerrato R, Crabtree M, Antoniades C, Kublickiene K, Schiffrin EL, Channon KM, Böhm F. Effects Of Endothelin-1 On Intracellular Tetrahydrobiopterin Levels In Vascular Tissue. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2018; 52:163-169. [PMID: 29566572 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2018.1453942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is the essential cofactor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and intracellular levels of BH4 is regulated by oxidative stress. The aim of this paper was to describe the influence of exogenous endothelin-1 on intracellular BH4 and its oxidation products dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and biopterin (B) in a wide range of vascular tissue. DESIGN Segments of internal mammary artery (IMA) and human saphenous vein (SV) from 41 patients undergoing elective surgery were incubated in ET-1 (0.1 μM). Aorta and lung from transgenic mice overexpressing ET-1 in the endothelium (ET-TG) were analysed with regards to intracellular biopterin levels. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated in ET-1 (0.1 μM) and intracellular biopterin levels were analysed. From 6 healthy women undergoing caesarean section, subcutaneous fat was harvested and the resistance arteries in these biopsies were tested for ET-mediated endothelial dysfunction. RESULTS In HUVEC, exogenous ET-1 (0.1 μM) did not significantly change intracellular BH4, 1.54 ± 1.7 vs 1.68 ± 1.8 pmol/mg protein; p = .8. In IMA and SV, exogenous ET-1(0.1 μM) did not change intracellular BH4 n = 10, p = .4. In aorta from wild type vs ET-TG mice there was no significant difference in intracellular BH4 between the groups: 1.3 ± 0.49 vs 1.23 ± 0.3 pmol/mg protein; p = .6. In resistance arteries (n = 6) BH4 together with DTE (an antioxidant) was not able to prevent ET-mediated endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSION ET-1 did not significantly alter intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin levels in IMA, SV, HUVEC or aorta from ET-TG mice. These findings are important for future research in ET-1 mediated superoxide production and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruha Cerrato
- a Department of Medicine, Cardiology unit, Karolinska Institutet , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Mark Crabtree
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- c Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Institution of Medicine and Institution for Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- d Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Keith M Channon
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Felix Böhm
- a Department of Medicine, Cardiology unit, Karolinska Institutet , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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Wang F, Li T, Cong X, Hou Z, Lu B, Zhou Z, Chen X. The Value of Big Endothelin-1 in the Assessment of the Severity of Coronary Artery Calcification. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:1042-1049. [PMID: 29562761 PMCID: PMC6714734 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618764846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) was significantly associated with all-cause mortality, and high coronary artery calcium score (CACS) portends a particularly high risk of cardiovascular events. But how often one should rescan is still an unanswered question. Preliminary screening by testing circulating biomarker may be an alternative before repeat computed tomography (CT) scan. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of big endothelin-1 (bigET-1), the precursor of endothelin-1 (ET-1), in predicting the severity of CAC. A total of 428 consecutively patients who performed coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) due to chest pain in Fuwai Hospital were included in the study. The clinical characteristics, CACS, and laboratory data were collected, and plasma bigET-1 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bigET-1 was positively correlated with the CACS (r = .232, P < .001), and the prevalence of CACS >400 increased significantly in the highest bigET-1 tertile than the lowest tertile. Multivariate analysis showed that bigET-1was the independent predictor of the presence of CACS >400 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.721, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002-2.956, P = .049). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value of bigET-1 for predicting CACS >400 was 0.38 pmol/L, with a sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 68% (area under curve [AUC] = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.58-0.72, P < .001). The present study demonstrated that the circulating bigET-1 was valuable in the assessment of the severity of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- 1 Center of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tiewei Li
- 1 Center of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiangfeng Cong
- 1 Center of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Hou
- 2 Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lu
- 2 Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- 1 Center of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- 1 Center of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Schiffrin E. Does Endothelin-1 Raise or Lower Blood Pressure in Humans? Nephron Clin Pract 2018; 139:47-50. [DOI: 10.1159/000487346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Horinouchi T, Mazaki Y, Terada K, Miwa S. [Molecular mechanism for ET-1-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2018; 151:140-147. [PMID: 29628461 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.151.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a condition where the sensitivity to insulin of the tissues expressing insulin receptor (InsR) is decreased due to a functional disturbance of InsR-mediated intracellular signaling. Insulin promotes the entry of glucose into the tissues and skeletal muscle is the most important tissue responsible for the insulin's action of decreasing blood glucose levels. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor and pro-inflammatory peptide, induces insulin resistance through a direct action on skeletal muscle. However, the signaling pathways of ET-1-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle remain unclear. Here we show molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of ET-1 on insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake in myotubes of rat L6 skeletal muscle cell line. mRNA expression levels of differentiation marker genes, MyoD and myogenin, were increased during L6 myoblasts differentiation into myotubes. Some of myotubes possessed the ability to spontaneously contract. In myotubes, insulin promoted Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473, and [3H]-labelled 2-deoxy-D-glucose ([3H]2-DG) uptake. The insulin-facilitated Akt phosphorylation and [3H]2-DG uptake were inhibited by ET-1. The inhibitory effect of ET-1 was counteracted by blockade of ET type A receptor (ETAR), inhibition of Gq/11 protein, and siRNA knockdown of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). The exogenously overexpressed GRK2 directly bound to endogenous Akt and their association was facilitated by ET-1. In summary, activation of ETAR with ET-1 inhibits insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation and [3H]2-DG uptake in a Gq/11 protein- and GRK2-dependent manner in skeletal muscle. These findings indicate that ETAR and GRK2 are potential targets for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Horinouchi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yuichi Mazaki
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Koji Terada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Soichi Miwa
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Renshall L, Arnold N, West L, Braithwaite A, Pickworth J, Walker R, Alfaidi M, Chamberlain J, Casbolt H, Thompson AAR, Holt C, Iglarz M, Francis S, Lawrie A. Selective improvement of pulmonary arterial hypertension with a dual ET A/ET B receptors antagonist in the apolipoprotein E -/- model of PAH and atherosclerosis. Pulm Circ 2017; 8:2045893217752328. [PMID: 29261014 PMCID: PMC5798688 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217752328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is increasingly diagnosed in elderly patients who also have an increased risk of co-morbid atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice develop atherosclerosis with severe PAH when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and have increased levels of endothelin (ET)-1. ET-1 receptor antagonists (ERAs) are used for the treatment of PAH but less is known about whether ERAs are beneficial in atherosclerosis. We therefore examined whether treatment of HFD-ApoE−/− mice with macitentan, a dual ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, would have any effect on both atherosclerosis and PAH. ApoE−/− mice were fed chow or HFD for eight weeks. After four weeks of HFD, mice were randomized to a four-week treatment of macitentan by food (30 mg/kg/day dual ETA/ETB antagonist), or placebo groups. Echocardiography and closed-chest right heart catheterization were used to determine PAH phenotype and serum samples were collected for cytokine analysis. Thoracic aortas were harvested to assess vascular reactivity using wire myography, and histological analyses were performed on the brachiocephalic artery and aortic root to assess atherosclerotic burden. Macitentan treatment of HFD-fed ApoE−/− mice was associated with a beneficial effect on the PAH phenotype and led to an increase in endothelial-dependent relaxation in thoracic aortae. Macitentan treatment was also associated with a significant reduction in interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentration but there was no significant effect on atherosclerotic burden. Dual blockade of ETA/ETB receptors improves endothelial function and improves experimental PAH but had no significant effect on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Renshall
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nadine Arnold
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura West
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adam Braithwaite
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Josephine Pickworth
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rachel Walker
- 2 159080 Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Mabruka Alfaidi
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Janet Chamberlain
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen Casbolt
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A A Roger Thompson
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cathy Holt
- 2 159080 Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Marc Iglarz
- 3 17431 Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sheila Francis
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Allan Lawrie
- 1 152607 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Fennell VS, Martirosyan NL, Atwal GS, Kalani MYS, Ponce FA, Lemole GM, Dumont TM, Spetzler RF. Hemodynamics Associated With Intracerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: The Effects of Treatment Modalities. Neurosurgery 2017; 83:611-621. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The understanding of the physiology of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) continues to expand. Knowledge of the hemodynamics of blood flow associated with AVMs is also progressing as imaging and treatment modalities advance. The authors present a comprehensive literature review that reveals the physical hemodynamics of AVMs, and the effect that various treatment modalities have on AVM hemodynamics and the surrounding cortex and vasculature. The authors discuss feeding arteries, flow through the nidus, venous outflow, and the relative effects of radiosurgical monotherapy, endovascular embolization alone, and combined microsurgical treatments. The hemodynamics associated with intracranial AVMs is complex and likely changes over time with changes in the physical morphology and angioarchitecture of the lesions. Hemodynamic change may be even more of a factor as it pertains to the vast array of single and multimodal treatment options available. An understanding of AVM hemodynamics associated with differing treatment modalities can affect treatment strategies and should be considered for optimal clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernard S Fennell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Nikolay L Martirosyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Gursant S Atwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - M Yashar S Kalani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Francisco A Ponce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - G Michael Lemole
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Travis M Dumont
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Robert F Spetzler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
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Humenberger M, Andreas M, Redwan B, Distelmaier K, Klappacher G, Adlbrecht C, Wurm R, Lang IM. Peri-interventional endothelin-A receptor blockade improves long-term outcome in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:176-82. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-10-0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryEndothelin (ET)-1 is a pro-fibrotic vasoconstrictive peptide causing microvascular dysfunction and cardiac remodelling after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It acts via two distinct receptors, ET-A and ET-B, and is involved in inflammation and atherogenesis. Patients with posterior-wall STEMI were randomly assigned to intravenous BQ-123 at 400 nmol/minute (min) or placebo over 60 min, starting immediately prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (n=54). Peripheral blood samples were drawn at baseline as well as after 24 hours and 30 days. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), as a marker of neutrophil activation and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a marker of extracellular matrix degradation were measured in plasma. Clinical follow-up was conducted by an investigator blinded to treatment allocation over three years. During the median follow-up period of 3.6 years (interquartile range [IQR] 3.3–4.1) we observed a longer event-free survival in patients randomised to receive BQ-123 compared with patients randomised to placebo (mean 4.5 years (95% confidence interval: 3.9–5) versus mean 3 years (2.2–3.7), p=0.031). Patients randomised to ET-A receptor blockade demonstrated a greater reduction of MPO levels from baseline to 24 hours compared to placebo-treated patients (-177 ng/ml (IQR 103–274) vs –108 ng/ml (74–147), p=0.006). In addition, a pronounced drop in MMP-9 levels (-568 ng/ml (44–1157) vs –117 ng/ml (57–561), p=0.018) was observed. There was no significant difference in amino-terminal propetide of pro-collagen type III levels. In conclusion, short-term administration of BQ-123 leads to a reduction in MPO, as well as MMP-9 plasma levels and to a longer event-free survival in patients with STEMI.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00502528
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Sugawara J, Tomoto T, Noda N, Matsukura S, Tsukagoshi K, Hayashi K, Hieda M, Maeda S. Effects of endothelin-related gene polymorphisms and aerobic exercise habit on age-related arterial stiffening: a 10-yr longitudinal study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:312-320. [PMID: 29097630 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00697.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness has emerged as a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study was to elucidate influences of endothelin (ET)-related genetic polymorphisms and regular physical activity on age-related arterial stiffening through a 10-yr longitudinal study. A decadal change in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), an index of arterial stiffness, was evaluated retrospectively among 92 volunteers (63 ± 14 yr, 51 men). The targeted single-nucleotide polymorphisms were ET-A receptor SNP rs5333 (ET-A) and ET-B receptor SNP rs5351 (ET-B). Subjects with either ET-A TC or CC genotypes exhibited significantly greater increases in baPWV (+15.3 ± 11.7 and +16.6 ± 15.7%/dec, respectively) than ET-A TT genotype holders (+9.2 ± 9.0%/dec), whereas subjects with the ET-B GG genotype showed a significantly greater increase in baPWV (+17.7 ± 14.1%/dec) than other ET-B genotype holders (AA: +9.5 ± 10.0%/dec; AG: +11.2 ± 9.6%/dec). The combination of these ET-related genetic risks was associated with a 2.4 times greater decadal increase in baPWV compared with no genetic risk (+8.1 ± 8.4 vs. 19.5 ± 16.0%/dec). In contrast, individuals engaging in >15 METs·h/wk of aerobic exercise showed substantially smaller increases in baPWV (+5.0 ± 9.7%/dec) compared with their physically inactive peers (approximately +13%/dec). These differences remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors, including baseline baPWV and ET-related genotype risk. Our current longitudinal study found that ET-related gene polymorphisms contribute to diverse age-related changes in arterial stiffness, and that regular sufficient aerobic exercise attenuates the age-related arterial stiffening independently of ET-related gene polymorphisms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This 10-yr longitudinal study suggests that endothelin-related gene polymorphisms contribute to divergent increases in arterial stiffness with advancing age, whereas regular sufficient aerobic exercise attenuates age-related arterial stiffening independently of ET-related gene polymorphisms. This notion partly supports prevailing evidence that regular aerobic exercise contributes to a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sugawara
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tomoto
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Naohiro Noda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Satoko Matsukura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Kazuya Tsukagoshi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | | | - Mutsuko Hieda
- Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi , Japan
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Fischer A, Bossard M, Aeschbacher S, Egli P, Cordewener C, Estis J, Todd J, Risch M, Risch L, Conen D. Plasma levels of endothelin-1 and renal function among young and healthy adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:1202-1208. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstrictive and pro-inflammatory peptide, is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma ET-1 levels and renal function among young and healthy adults.
Methods:
Individuals aged 25–41 years were enrolled in a population-based cohort study. Main exclusion criteria were established kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and a body mass index>35 kg/m2. Fasting venous plasma samples were used to measure creatinine, cystatin C and ET-1. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the creatinine based chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula. Multivariable regression models were constructed to assess interrelationships of plasma ET-1 with parameters of renal function.
Results:
Median age of the 2139 participants was 37 years, 47% males. Median creatinine and eGFR were 67 μmol/L and 112 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Using quartile one as the reference group, the β-coefficients (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for eGFR were 0.06 (− 1.22 to 1.35),−0.66 (− 1.95 to 0.62) and−1.70 (− 3.01 to−0.39) for quartiles 2–4 (p-for-trend=0.0056), respectively and β-coefficients (95% CIs) for cystatin C were 0.002 (− 0.01 to 0.02), 0.02 (0.003–0.03) and 0.03 (0.01–0.04) for quartiles 2–4 (p-for-trend<0.0001), respectively. Using ET-1 as a continuous variable, the β-coefficient (95% CI) for eGFR per 1-unit increase was−1.82 (− 3.19 to−0.44, p=0.0095) and 0.02 (0.01–0.04, p=0.0003) for cystatin C. Similar results were found between creatinine and ET-1 levels.
Conclusions:
ET-1 levels are strongly associated with parameters of renal function among young and healthy adults, suggesting an important role of ET-1 and endothelial function in the regulation of kidney function.
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Khalid W, Varghese SS, Sankari M, Jayakumar ND. Comparison of Serum Levels of Endothelin-1 in Chronic Periodontitis Patients Before and After Treatment. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC78-ZC81. [PMID: 28571268 PMCID: PMC5449924 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24518.9698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide with multi functional activity in various systemic diseases. Previous studies indicate the detection of ET-1 in gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid. AIM The aim of this study was to estimate the serum ET-1 levels in clinically healthy subjects and subjects with chronic periodontitis, before and after treatment, and correlate it with the clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 44 patients were included in the study. Group I comprised of 20 subjects with clinically healthy periodontium. Group II comprised of 24 subjects with chronic periodontitis. Group III comprised of same Group II subjects following periodontal management. Serum samples were collected from the subjects and an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was done to estimate the ET-1 levels. The ET-1 levels were then correlated among the three groups with the clinical parameters namely, Plaque Index (PI), Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and Periodontally Inflamed Surface Area (PISA). The independent t-test and paired t-test were used for comparison of clinical parameters and Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used for correlating the ET-1 levels. RESULTS ET-1 levels in chronic periodontitis subjects were significantly higher compared to healthy subjects (p<0.001). However, the clinical parameters did not statistically correlate with the ET-1 levels. There was a significant decrease in ET-1 levels following treatment (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Serum ET-1 is increased in chronic periodontitis and reduces after periodontal therapy. Further studies are required to establish ET-1 as a biomarker for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Khalid
- Periodontist and Implantologist, The Dental Studio, Chennai, India
| | - Sheeja S Varghese
- Professor, Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - M. Sankari
- Professor, Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - ND. Jayakumar
- Professor, Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India
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Skovsted GF, Kruse LS, Berchtold LA, Grell AS, Warfvinge K, Edvinsson L. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion enhances transcriptional expression of endothelin-1 and vasoconstrictor ETB receptors via the protein kinase MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in rat. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174119. [PMID: 28323857 PMCID: PMC5360328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery remodelling and vasospasm is a complication of acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The underlying mechanisms are complex, but the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 is suggested to have an important role. This study aimed to determine whether the expression of endothelin-1 and its receptors are regulated in the myocardium and in coronary arteries after experimental ischemia-reperfusion. Furthermore, we evaluated whether treatment with a specific MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, modified the expression and function of these proteins. METHODS AND FINDINGS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated, ischemia-reperfusion with vehicle treatment and ischemia-reperfusion with U0126 treatment. Ischemia was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion. U0126 was administered before ischemia and repeated 6 hours after start of reperfusion. The contractile properties of isolated coronary arteries to endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin 6c were evaluated using wire-myography. The gene expression of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptors were measured using qPCR. Distribution and localization of proteins (pERK1/2, prepro-endothelin-1, endothelin-1, and endothelin ETA and ETB receptors) were analysed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. We found that pERK1/2 was significantly augmented in the ischemic area 3 hours after ischemia-reperfusion; this correlated with increased ETB receptor and ET-1 gene expressions in ischemic myocardium and in coronary arteries. ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction was observed to be increased in coronary arteries 24 hours after ischemia-reperfusion. Treatment with U0126 reduced pERK1/2, expression of ET-1 and ETB receptor, and ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway is important for regulating endothelin-1 and ETB receptors in myocardium and coronary arteries after ischemia-reperfusion in the ischemic region. Inhibition of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway may provide a novel target for reducing ischemia-reperfusion damage in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Freja Skovsted
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars Schack Kruse
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lukas Adrian Berchtold
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cellular and Metabolic Research Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sofie Grell
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Karin Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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49
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Wang WJ, Zhou JH, He GL, Wu QL, Gao W, Sun JH, Zhang PB. Correlation Between Flow-Mediated Dilatation of the Brachial Artery and Serum Endothelial Biomarkers in the Evaluation of Acute Endothelial Injury After Cardiopulmonary Bypass. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:631-638. [PMID: 28164350 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery and serum endothelial biomarkers and to discuss the feasibility of sonographic evaluation of acute endothelial injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. METHODS Sonography was applied to determine the percentage of change in the brachial artery size during flow-mediated dilatation. Meanwhile, the plasma concentrations of endothelial-derived biomarkers, such as endothelin 1, nitric oxide, and von Willebrand factor, were measured to monitor the changes in endothelial function. We analyzed the correlation between flow-mediated dilatation and biomarkers during the perioperative period of CPB in 27 patients. RESULTS All of the biomarkers changed dramatically, especially during the CPB period. There was a negative correlation between flow-mediated dilatation and von Willebrand factor (P = .001; R = -0.31). CONCLUSIONS A CPB event has a substantial impact on endothelial function, and sonographic assessment of the percentage of change in the brachial artery size during flow-mediated dilatation allows early detection of acute endothelial function injury in cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Liang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiao-Lin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie-Hao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng-Bo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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50
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Patel H, Alkhawam H, Madanieh R, Shah N, Kosmas CE, Vittorio TJ. Aerobic vs anaerobic exercise training effects on the cardiovascular system. World J Cardiol 2017; 9:134-138. [PMID: 28289526 PMCID: PMC5329739 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v9.i2.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is one of the most effective methods to help prevent cardiovascular (CV) disease and to promote CV health. Aerobic and anaerobic exercises are two types of exercise that differ based on the intensity, interval and types of muscle fibers incorporated. In this article, we aim to further elaborate on these two categories of physical exercise and to help decipher which provides the most effective means of promoting CV health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Patel
- Harsh Patel, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn - School of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Hassan Alkhawam
- Harsh Patel, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn - School of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Raef Madanieh
- Harsh Patel, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn - School of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Niel Shah
- Harsh Patel, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn - School of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Constantine E Kosmas
- Harsh Patel, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn - School of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Timothy J Vittorio
- Harsh Patel, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Brooklyn - School of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
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