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Sheida A, Farshadi M, Mirzaei A, Najjar Khalilabad S, Zarepour F, Taghavi SP, Hosseini Khabr MS, Ravaei F, Rafiei S, Mosadeghi K, Yazdani MS, Fakhraie A, Ghattan A, Zamani Fard MM, Shahyan M, Rafiei M, Rahimian N, Talaei Zavareh SA, Mirzaei H. Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Glioma: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01447-x. [PMID: 39150676 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite the waning of traditional treatments for glioma due to possible long-term issues, the healing possibilities of substances derived from nature have been reignited in the scientific community. These natural substances, commonly found in fruits and vegetables, are considered potential alternatives to pharmaceuticals, as they have been shown in prior research to impact pathways surrounding cancer progression, metastases, invasion, and resistance. This review will explore the supposed molecular mechanisms of different natural components, such as berberine, curcumin, coffee, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, quercetin, tanshinone, silymarin, coumarin, and lycopene, concerning glioma treatment. While the benefits of a balanced diet containing these compounds are widely recognized, there is considerable scope for investigating the efficacy of these natural products in treating glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sheida
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Mirzaei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shakiba Najjar Khalilabad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarepour
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Pouya Taghavi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Hosseini Khabr
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ravaei
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Rafiei
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Mosadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sepehr Yazdani
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Fakhraie
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghattan
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Masoud Zamani Fard
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahyan
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Moein Rafiei
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Itoh Y. Vesicle transport of matrix metalloproteinases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:361-380. [PMID: 38960480 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms consist of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM creates a cellular microenvironment, and cells locally degrade the ECM according to their cellular activity. A major group of enzymes that modify ECM belongs to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and play major roles in various pathophysiological events. ECM degradation by MMPs does not occur in all cellular surroundings but only where it is necessary, and cells achieve this by directionally secreting these proteolytic enzymes. Recent studies have indicated that such enzyme secretion is achieved by targeted vesicle transport along the microtubules, and several kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) have been identified as responsible motor proteins involved in the processes. This chapter discusses recent findings of the vesicle transport of MMPs and their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Itoh
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Poh AR, Ernst M. Functional roles of SRC signaling in pancreatic cancer: Recent insights provide novel therapeutic opportunities. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02701-x. [PMID: 37120696 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignant disease with a 5-year survival rate of <10%. Aberrant activation or elevated expression of the tyrosine kinase c-SRC (SRC) is frequently observed in PDAC and is associated with a poor prognosis. Preclinical studies have revealed a multifaceted role for SRC activation in PDAC, including promoting chronic inflammation, tumor cell proliferation and survival, cancer cell stemness, desmoplasia, hypoxia, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Strategies to inhibit SRC signaling include suppressing its catalytic activity, inhibiting protein stability, or by interfering with signaling components of the SRC signaling pathway including suppressing protein interactions of SRC. In this review, we discuss the molecular and immunological mechanisms by which aberrant SRC activity promotes PDAC tumorigenesis. We also provide a comprehensive update of SRC inhibitors in the clinic, and discuss the clinical challenges associated with targeting SRC in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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Ge D, Chen J, Zhao Z, Sui B, Liang F, Wang H. Characterizing the function-related specific assembly pattern of matrix metalloproteinase-14 by dSTORM imaging. Talanta 2023; 260:124523. [PMID: 37105082 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
As transmembrane proteolytic enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP14) regulates cell migration and cancer metastasis, but how it works at the single molecule level is unclear. Molecular localization is closely related to its function, and revealing its spatial assemble details is thus helpful to understand bio-function. Here, we apply aptamer probe and dSTORM to characterize MMP14 distribution. With demonstrating labeling properties of the probe, we investigate the specific distributed pattern of MMP14 on various cell membranes with different migratory capacities, and find that MMP14 mostly aggregate in clustering state, which becomes more significant with enhancing its hydrolysis efficiency on high-migratory cells. Lots of MMP14 are revealed to be co-localized with its substrate PTK7, and this colocalization decreases with weakening cell migration, suggesting that MMP14 may coordinate cell migration by altering its spatial relationship with substrate proteins. This work will promote a deep understanding of the roles of MMP14 in cell migration and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Ge
- Improve-WUST Joint Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Point-of-Care Testing and Precision Medicine, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Junling Chen
- Improve-WUST Joint Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Point-of-Care Testing and Precision Medicine, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Improve-WUST Joint Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Point-of-Care Testing and Precision Medicine, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Binglin Sui
- Improve-WUST Joint Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Point-of-Care Testing and Precision Medicine, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Improve-WUST Joint Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Point-of-Care Testing and Precision Medicine, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China.
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Biomembranomics, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.
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Whitehead CA, Fang H, Su H, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Hanssen E, Nowell CJ, Drummond KJ, Greening DW, Vella LJ, Mantamadiotis T, Stylli SS. Small extracellular vesicles promote invadopodia activity in glioblastoma cells in a therapy-dependent manner. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023:10.1007/s13402-023-00786-w. [PMID: 37014551 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy/temozolomide treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) is limited by the augmented invasiveness mediated by invadopodia activity of surviving GBM cells. As yet, however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Due to their ability to transport oncogenic material between cells, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as key mediators of tumour progression. We hypothesize that the sustained growth and invasion of cancer cells depends on bidirectional sEV-mediated cell-cell communication. METHODS Invadopodia assays and zymography gels were used to examine the invadopodia activity capacity of GBM cells. Differential ultracentrifugation was utilized to isolate sEVs from conditioned medium and proteomic analyses were conducted on both GBM cell lines and their sEVs to determine the cargo present within the sEVs. In addition, the impact of radiotherapy and temozolomide treatment of GBM cells was studied. RESULTS We found that GBM cells form active invadopodia and secrete sEVs containing the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2. Subsequent proteomic studies revealed the presence of an invadopodia-related protein sEV cargo and that sEVs from highly invadopodia active GBM cells (LN229) increase invadopodia activity in sEV recipient GBM cells. We also found that GBM cells displayed increases in invadopodia activity and sEV secretion post radiation/temozolomide treatment. Together, these data reveal a relationship between invadopodia and sEV composition/secretion/uptake in promoting the invasiveness of GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that sEVs secreted by GBM cells can facilitate tumour invasion by promoting invadopodia activity in recipient cells, which may be enhanced by treatment with radio-chemotherapy. The transfer of pro-invasive cargos may yield important insights into the functional capacity of sEVs in invadopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A Whitehead
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Huaqi Su
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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Rizvi SF, Hasan A, Parveen S, Mir SS. Untangling the complexity of heat shock protein 27 in cancer and metastasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 736:109537. [PMID: 36738981 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 is a type of molecular chaperone whose expression gets up-regulated due to reaction towards different stressful triggers including anticancer treatments. It is known to be a major player of resistance development in cancer cells, whereby cells are sheltered against the therapeutics that normally activate apoptosis. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is one of the highly expressed proteins during various cellular insults and is a strong tumor survival factor. HSP27 influences various cellular pathways associated with cancer cell survival and growth such as apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis, angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, etc. HSP27 is molecular machinery which prevents the clumping of numerous substrates or client proteins which get mutated in cancer. It has been reported in several studies that targeting HSP27 is difficult because of its dynamic structure and absence of an ATP-binding site. Here, in this review, we have summarized different modulators of HSP27 and their mechanism of action as well. Effect of deregulated HSP27 in various cancer models, limitations of targeting HSP27, resistance against the conventional drugs generated due to the overexpression of HSP27, and measures to counteract this effect have also been discussed here in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suroor Fatima Rizvi
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India; Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
| | - Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India; Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
| | - Sana Parveen
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
| | - Snober S Mir
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
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Brown Y, Hua S, Tanwar PS. Extracellular Matrix in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Advances in Understanding of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology. Matrix Biol 2023; 118:16-46. [PMID: 36781087 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is notoriously known as the "silent killer" of post-menopausal women as it has an insidious progression and is the deadliest gynaecological cancer. Although a dual origin of HGSOC is now widely accepted, there is growing evidence that most cases of HGSOC originate from the fallopian tube epithelium. In this review, we will address the fallopian tube origin and involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in HGSOC development. There is limited research on the role of ECM at the earliest stages of HGSOC carcinogenesis. Here we aim to synthesise current understanding on the contribution of ECM to each stage of HGSOC development and progression, beginning at serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) precursor lesions and proceeding across key events including dissemination of tumourigenic fallopian tube epithelial cells to the ovary, survival of these cells in peritoneal fluid as multicellular aggregates, and colonisation of the ovary. Likewise, as part of the metastatic series of events, serous ovarian cancer cells survive travel in peritoneal fluid, attach to, migrate across the mesothelium and invade into the sub-mesothelial matrix of secondary sites in the peritoneal cavity. Halting cancer at the pre-metastatic stage and finding ways to stop the dissemination of ovarian cancer cells from the primary site is critical for improving patient survival. The development of drug resistance also contributes to poor survival statistics in HGSOC. In this review, we provide an update on the involvement of the ECM in metastasis and drug resistance in HGSOC. Interplay between different cell-types, growth factor gradients as well as evolving ECM composition and organisation, creates microenvironment conditions that promote metastatic progression and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells. By understanding ECM involvement in the carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of HGSOC, this may prompt ideas for further research for developing new early diagnostic tests and therapeutic strategies for HGSOC with the end goal of improving patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Brown
- Global Centre for Gynaecological Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia..
| | - Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- Global Centre for Gynaecological Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia..
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Kato K, Miyazawa H, Kawashiri S, Lambert DW. Tumour: Fibroblast Interactions Promote Invadopodia-Mediated Migration and Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5277440. [PMID: 36471888 PMCID: PMC9719419 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5277440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the progression of cancer, interactions between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles. Cancer cell invasion is facilitated by filamentous actin (F-actin)-rich membrane protrusions called invadopodia, and the relationship between CAFs and invadopodia has been unclear. We used oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to investigate CAFs' effects on the formation of invadopodia, and we assessed the expressions of invadopodia markers and CAF markers ex vivo and their relationship with clinical parameters and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effect of culture with normal oral fibroblast (NOF)-derived and CAF-derived conditioned medium on the migration and invasion of two OSCC-derived cell lines using Transwells in the absence/presence of Matrigel. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry were conducted to assess the expressions of the invadopodia markers tyrosine kinase substrate 5 (Tks5) and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). We also used immunohistochemistry to examine patients with OSCC for an evaluation of the relationship between the CAF marker alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and the expression of Tks5. The patients' survival was also assessed. RESULTS Compared to the use of culture medium alone, NOF-CM and CAF-CM both significantly increased the OSCC cells' migration and invasion (p < 0.05), and they significantly increased the expressions of both Tks5 and MT1-MMP. After the depletion of Tks5, the OSCC cells' migration and invasion abilities decreased. The expression of Tks5 and that of αSMA were correlated with poor survival, and a high expression of both markers was associated with an especially poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the formation of invadopodia is (i) important for OSCC cells' migration and invasion and (ii) regulated by the interaction of OSCC cells and stromal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koroku Kato
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyazawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kawashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
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Itoh Y. Proteolytic modulation of tumor microenvironment signals during cancer progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935231. [PMID: 36132127 PMCID: PMC9483212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the cellular microenvironment is optimized for the proper functioning of the tissues and organs. Cells recognize and communicate with the surrounding cells and extracellular matrix to maintain homeostasis. When cancer arises, the cellular microenvironment is modified to optimize its malignant growth, evading the host immune system and finding ways to invade and metastasize to other organs. One means is a proteolytic modification of the microenvironment and the signaling molecules. It is now well accepted that cancer progression relies on not only the performance of cancer cells but also the surrounding microenvironment. This mini-review discusses the current understanding of the proteolytic modification of the microenvironment signals during cancer progression.
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Melanoma Mediated Disruption of Brain Endothelial Barrier Integrity Is Not Prevented by the Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Proteases. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080660. [PMID: 36005056 PMCID: PMC9405625 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that human melanoma cells rapidly decrease human brain endothelial barrier strength. Our findings showed a fast mechanism of melanoma mediated barrier disruption, which was localised to the paracellular junctions of the brain endothelial cells. Melanoma cells are known to release molecules which cleave the surrounding matrix and allow traversal within and out of their metastatic niche. Enzymatic families, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proteases are heavily implicated in this process and their complex nature in vivo makes them an intriguing family to assess in melanoma metastasis. Herein, we assessed the expression of MMPs and other proteases in melanoma conditioned media. Our results showed evidence of a high expression of MMP-2, but not MMP-1, -3 or -9. Other proteases including Cathepsins D and B were also detected. Recombinant MMP-2 was added to the apical face of brain endothelial cells (hCMVECs), to measure the change in barrier integrity using biosensor technology. Surprisingly, this showed no decrease in barrier strength. The addition of potent MMP inhibitors (batimastat, marimastat, ONO4817) and other protease inhibitors (such as aprotinin, Pefabloc SC and bestatin) to the brain endothelial cells, in the presence of various melanoma lines, showed no reduction in the melanoma mediated barrier disruption. The inhibitors batimastat, Pefabloc SC, antipain and bestatin alone decreased the barrier strength. These results suggest that although some MMPs and proteases are released by melanoma cells, there is no direct evidence that they are substantially involved in the initial melanoma-mediated disruption of the brain endothelium.
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Gerbracht JV, Harding T, Simpson AGB, Roger AJ, Hess S. Comparative transcriptomics reveals the molecular toolkit used by an algivorous protist for cell wall perforation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3374-3384.e5. [PMID: 35700733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial eukaryotes display a stunning diversity of feeding strategies, ranging from generalist predators to highly specialized parasites. The unicellular "protoplast feeders" represent a fascinating mechanistic intermediate, as they penetrate other eukaryotic cells (algae and fungi) like some parasites but then devour their cell contents by phagocytosis.1 Besides prey recognition and attachment, this complex behavior involves the local, pre-phagocytotic dissolution of the prey cell wall, which results in well-defined perforations of species-specific size and structure.2 Yet the molecular processes that enable protoplast feeders to overcome cell walls of diverse biochemical composition remain unknown. We used the flagellate Orciraptor agilis (Viridiraptoridae, Rhizaria) as a model protoplast feeder and applied differential gene expression analysis to examine its penetration of green algal cell walls. Besides distinct expression changes that reflect major cellular processes (e.g., locomotion and cell division), we found lytic carbohydrate-active enzymes that are highly expressed and upregulated during the attack on the alga. A putative endocellulase (family GH5_5) with a secretion signal is most prominent, and a potential key factor for cell wall dissolution. Other candidate enzymes (e.g., lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases) belong to families that are largely uncharacterized, emphasizing the potential of non-fungal microeukaryotes for enzyme exploration. Unexpectedly, we discovered various chitin-related factors that point to an unknown chitin metabolism in Orciraptor agilis, potentially also involved in the feeding process. Our findings provide first molecular insights into an important microbial feeding behavior and new directions for cell biology research on non-model eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer V Gerbracht
- Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tommy Harding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alastair G B Simpson
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Andrew J Roger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sebastian Hess
- Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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12
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Thuault S, Ghossoub R, David G, Zimmermann P. A Journey on Extracellular Vesicles for Matrix Metalloproteinases: A Mechanistic Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886381. [PMID: 35669514 PMCID: PMC9163832 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key players in matrix remodeling and their function has been particularly investigated in cancer biology. Indeed, through extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and shedding of diverse cell surface macromolecules, they are implicated in different steps of tumor development, from local expansion by growth to tissue invasion and metastasis. Interestingly, MMPs are also components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-limited organelles that cells release in their extracellular environment. These "secreted" vesicles are now well accepted players in cell-to-cell communication. EVs have received a lot of interest in recent years as they are also envisioned as sources of biomarkers and as potentially outperforming vehicles for the delivery of therapeutics. Molecular machineries governing EV biogenesis, cargo loading and delivery to recipient cells are complex and still under intense investigation. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art of our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms implicated in MMP trafficking and secretion. We focus on MT1-MMP, a major effector of invasive cell behavior. We will also discuss how this knowledge is of interest for a better understanding of EV-loading of MMPs. Such knowledge might be of use to engineer novel strategies for cancer treatment. A better understanding of these mechanisms could also be used to design more efficient EV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Thuault
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Rania Ghossoub
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Guido David
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Popova NV, Jücker M. The Functional Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:238. [PMID: 35008401 PMCID: PMC8750014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly dynamic as it is constantly deposited, remodeled and degraded to maintain tissue homeostasis. ECM is a major structural component of the tumor microenvironment, and cancer development and progression require its extensive reorganization. Cancerized ECM is biochemically different in its composition and is stiffer compared to normal ECM. The abnormal ECM affects cancer progression by directly promoting cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. The restructured extracellular matrix and its degradation fragments (matrikines) also modulate the signaling cascades mediated by the interaction with cell-surface receptors, deregulate the stromal cell behavior and lead to emergence of an oncogenic microenvironment. Here, we summarize the current state of understanding how the composition and structure of ECM changes during cancer progression. We also describe the functional role of key proteins, especially tenascin C and fibronectin, and signaling molecules involved in the formation of the tumor microenvironment, as well as the signaling pathways that they activate in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Popova
- Laboratory of Receptor Cell Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010146. [PMID: 35008569 PMCID: PMC8745566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which affect tissue integrity, immune cell recruitment, and tissue turnover by degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components and by releasing matrikines, cell surface-bound cytokines, growth factors, or their receptors. Among the MMPs, MMP-14 is the driving force behind extracellular matrix and tissue destruction during cancer invasion and metastasis. MMP-14 also influences both intercellular as well as cell-matrix communication by regulating the activity of many plasma membrane-anchored and extracellular proteins. Cancer cells and other cells of the tumor stroma, embedded in a common extracellular matrix, interact with their matrix by means of various adhesive structures, of which particularly invadopodia are capable to remodel the matrix through spatially and temporally finely tuned proteolysis. As a deeper understanding of the underlying functional mechanisms is beneficial for the development of new prognostic and predictive markers and for targeted therapies, this review examined the current knowledge of the interplay of the various MMPs in the cancer context on the protein, subcellular, and cellular level with a focus on MMP14.
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15
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Moracho N, Learte AIR, Muñoz-Sáez E, Marchena MA, Cid MA, Arroyo AG, Sánchez-Camacho C. Emerging roles of MT-MMPs in embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:240-275. [PMID: 34241926 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are cell membrane-tethered proteinases that belong to the family of the MMPs. Apart from their roles in degradation of the extracellular milieu, MT-MMPs are able to activate through proteolytic processing at the cell surface distinct molecules such as receptors, growth factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and other pericellular proteins. Although most of the information regarding these enzymes comes from cancer studies, our current knowledge about their contribution in distinct developmental processes occurring in the embryo is limited. In this review, we want to summarize the involvement of MT-MMPs in distinct processes during embryonic morphogenesis, including cell migration and proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell polarity and branching, axon growth and navigation, synapse formation, and angiogenesis. We also considered information about MT-MMP functions from studies assessed in pathological conditions and compared these data with those relevant for embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moracho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I R Learte
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Sáez
- Department of Health Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Marchena
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Cid
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Camacho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Lin SS, Su YA, Chuang MC, Liu YW. Probing invadosomes: technologies for the analysis of invadosomes. FEBS J 2021; 289:5850-5863. [PMID: 34196119 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Invadosomes are protrusive and mechanosensitive actin devices critical for cell migration, invasion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The dynamic, proteolytic, and protrusive natures of invadosomes have made these structures fascinating and attracted many scientists to develop new technologies for their analysis. With these exciting methodologies, many biochemical and biophysical properties of invadosomes have been well characterized and appreciated, and those discoveries elegantly explained the biological and pathological effects of invadosomes in human health and diseases. In this review, we focus on these commonly used or newly developed methods for invadosome analysis and effort to reason some discrepancies among those assays. Finally, we explore the opposite regulatory mechanisms among invadosomes and focal adhesions, another actin-rich adhesive structures, and speculate a potential rule for their switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-An Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Ortiz MA, Mikhailova T, Li X, Porter BA, Bah A, Kotula L. Src family kinases, adaptor proteins and the actin cytoskeleton in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:67. [PMID: 34193161 PMCID: PMC8247114 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a century of scientific inquiry since the discovery of v-SRC but still no final judgement on SRC function. However, a significant body of work has defined Src family kinases as key players in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis in human cancer. With the ever-growing evidence supporting the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in invasion and metastasis, so does our understanding of the role SFKs play in mediating these processes. Here we describe some key mechanisms through which Src family kinases play critical role in epithelial homeostasis and how their function is essential for the propagation of invasive signals. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Tatiana Mikhailova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Baylee A. Porter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Alaji Bah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Leszek Kotula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
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18
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The multiple roles of actin-binding proteins at invadopodia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33962752 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions that facilitate cancer cell dissemination by focusing on proteolytic activity and clearing paths for migration through physical barriers, such as basement membranes, dense extracellular matrices, and endothelial cell junctions. Invadopodium formation and activity require spatially and temporally regulated changes in actin filament organization and dynamics. About three decades of research have led to a remarkable understanding of how these changes are orchestrated by sequential recruitment and coordinated activity of different sets of actin-binding proteins. In this chapter, we provide an update on the roles of the actin cytoskeleton during the main stages of invadopodium development with a particular focus on actin polymerization machineries and production of pushing forces driving extracellular matrix remodeling.
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19
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Khan I, Steeg PS. Endocytosis: a pivotal pathway for regulating metastasis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:66-75. [PMID: 33262521 PMCID: PMC7782782 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A potentially important aspect in the regulation of tumour metastasis is endocytosis. This process consists of internalisation of cell-surface receptors via pinocytosis, phagocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, the latter of which includes clathrin-, caveolae- and non-clathrin or caveolae-mediated mechanisms. Endocytosis then progresses through several intracellular compartments for sorting and routing of cargo, ending in lysosomal degradation, recycling back to the cell surface or secretion. Multiple endocytic proteins are dysregulated in cancer and regulate tumour metastasis, particularly migration and invasion. Importantly, four metastasis suppressor genes function in part by regulating endocytosis, namely, the NME, KAI, MTSS1 and KISS1 pathways. Data on metastasis suppressors identify a new point of dysregulation operative in tumour metastasis, alterations in signalling through endocytosis. This review will focus on the multicomponent process of endocytosis affecting different steps of metastasis and how metastatic-suppressor genes use endocytosis to suppress metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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20
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Augoff K, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Tabola R. Invadopodia: clearing the way for cancer cell invasion. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:902. [PMID: 32793746 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The invasive nature of many cancer cells involves the formation of F-actin-based, lipid-raft-enriched membrane protrusions known as invadopodia or, more broadly, invadosomes. Invadopodia are specialized adhesive structures arising from ventral cell surface within cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contacts and concentrate high proteolytic activities that allow cells to overcome the dense scaffold of local microenvironment, comprising a natural barrier to cell spreading. This degradative activity distinguishes invadopodia from other adhesive structures like focal adhesions, lamellipodia or filopodia, and is believed to drive cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Augoff
- Department of Surgical Education, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Renata Tabola
- Second Department and Clinic of General and Oncological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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21
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Signaling Determinants of Glioma Cell Invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:129-149. [PMID: 32034712 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness is a critical challenge in the clinical management of glioma patients. In addition, there is accumulating evidence that current therapeutic modalities, including anti-angiogenic therapy and radiotherapy, can enhance glioma invasiveness. Glioma cell invasion is stimulated by both autocrine and paracrine factors that act on a large array of cell surface-bound receptors. Key signaling elements that mediate receptor-initiated signaling in the regulation of glioblastoma invasion are Rho family GTPases, including Rac, RhoA and Cdc42. These GTPases regulate cell morphology and actin dynamics and stimulate cell squeezing through the narrow extracellular spaces that are typical of the brain parenchyma. Transient attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix is also necessary for glioblastoma cell invasion. Interactions with extracellular matrix components are mediated by integrins that initiate diverse intracellular signalling pathways. Key signaling elements stimulated by integrins include PI3K, Akt, mTOR and MAP kinases. In order to detach from the tumor mass, glioma cells secrete proteolytic enzymes that cleave cell surface adhesion molecules, including CD44 and L1. Key proteases produced by glioma cells include uPA, ADAMs and MMPs. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control glioma cell invasion has led to the identification of molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in this devastating disease.
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22
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Brodzikowska A, Gondek A, Rak B, Paskal W, Pełka K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Włodarski P. Metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) and hsa-miR-410-3p expression in human inflamed dental pulp and odontoblasts. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:345-353. [PMID: 31486923 PMCID: PMC6842353 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate MMP-14 expression in odontoblasts and in the bulk of dental pulp of teeth with pulpitis; to determine the expression of microRNA-410 (miR-410) in pulp tissue, since sequence analysis suggests that miR-410 has potential binding site on MMP-14’s 3′UTR, and hence, can regulate expression of the latter one. Tissue samples of dental pulp from teeth with pulpitis and healthy (control) were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE). Samples were examined using immunohistochemical staining for MMP-14 and the expression of miR-410 was evaluated using qRT-PCR. In both, healthy and inflamed pulp odontoblasts stained more intensively than remaining pulp tissue, but this difference was not statistically significant. More positive staining was observed in inflamed pulps compared to healthy pulps. Expression of miR-410 was found significantly lower in inflamed pulps than in healthy ones. In the two examined zones, odontoblasts and remaining pulp, miR-410 was expressed on a similar level. No statistically significant correlation of miR-410 and MMP-14 expression was found. We showed that inflammation changes the MMP-14 expression in pulp tissue and odontoblasts. This study demonstrates for the first time miR-410 expression in human dental pulp and that expression of this microRNA was downregulated in inflamed dental pulp and odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Brodzikowska
- The Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, 00-246, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Gondek
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rak
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Paskal
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Pełka
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Włodarski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Hsu KS, Otsu W, Li Y, Wang HC, Chen S, Tsang SH, Chuang JZ, Sung CH. CLIC4 regulates late endosomal trafficking and matrix degradation activity of MMP14 at focal adhesions in RPE cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12247. [PMID: 31439888 PMCID: PMC6706427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment surrounding the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been implicated in the etiology of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The regulation of ECM remodeling by RPE cells is not well understood. We show that membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) is central to ECM degradation at the focal adhesions in human ARPE19 cells. The matrix degradative activity, but not the assembly, of the focal adhesion is regulated by chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4). CLIC4 is co-localized with MMP14 in the late endosome. CLIC4 regulates the proper sorting of MMP14 into the lumen of the late endosome and its proteolytic activation in lipid rafts. CLIC4 has the newly-identified “late domain” motif that binds to MMP14 and to Tsg101, a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complex. Unlike the late domain mutant CLIC4, wild-type CLIC4 can rescue the late endosomal sorting defect of MMP14. Finally, CLIC4 knockdown inhibits the apical secretion of MMP2 in polarized human RPE monolayers. These results, taken together, demonstrate that CLIC4 is a novel matrix microenvironment modulator and a novel regulator for late endosomal cargo sorting. Moreover, the late endosomal sorting of MMP14 actively regulates its surface activation in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shun Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service and Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heuy-Ching Wang
- Ocular Trauma Task Area, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX, San Antonio, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, and Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jen-Zen Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Ampelopsin E Reduces the Invasiveness of the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line, MDA-MB-231. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142619. [PMID: 31323836 PMCID: PMC6680398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. It has two distinctive hallmarks: rapid abnormal growth and the ability to invade and metastasize. During metastasis, cancer cells are thought to form actin-rich protrusions, called invadopodia, which degrade the extracellular matrix. Current breast cancer treatments, particularly chemotherapy, comes with adverse effects like immunosuppression, resistance development and secondary tumour formation. Hence, naturally-occurring molecules claimed to be less toxic are being studied as new drug candidates. Ampelopsin E, a natural oligostilbene extracted from Dryobalanops species, has exhibited various pharmacological properties, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is yet no scientific evidence of the effects of ampelopsin E towards metastasis. Scratch assay, transwell migration and invasion assays, invadopodia and gelatin degradation assays, and ELISA were used to determine the effects of ampelopsin E towards the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells. Strikingly in this study, ampelopsin E was able to halt migration, transmigration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells by reducing formation of invadopodia and its degradation capability through significant reduction (p < 0.05) in expression levels of PDGF, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP14. In conclusion, ampelopsin E reduced the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells and was proven to be a potential alternative in treating TNBC.
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25
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Septin 9 isoforms promote tumorigenesis in mammary epithelial cells by increasing migration and ECM degradation through metalloproteinase secretion at focal adhesions. Oncogene 2019; 38:5839-5859. [PMID: 31285548 PMCID: PMC6859949 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeletal interacting protein Septin 9 (SEPT9), a member of the septin gene family, has been proposed to have oncogenic functions. It is a known hot spot of retroviral tagging insertion and a fusion partner of both de novo and therapy-induced mixed lineage leukemia (MLL). Of all septins, SEPT9 holds the strongest link to cancer, especially breast cancer. Murine models of breast cancer frequently exhibit Sept9 amplification in the form of double minute chromosomes, and about 20% of human breast cancer display genomic amplification and protein over expression at the SEPT9 locus. Yet, a clear mechanism by which SEPT9 elicits tumor-promoting functions is lacking. To obtain unbiased insights on molecular signatures of SEPT9 upregulation in breast tumors, we overexpressed several of its isoforms in breast cancer cell lines. Global transcriptomic profiling supports a role of SEPT9 in invasion. Functional studies reveal that SEPT9 upregulation is sufficient to increase degradation of the extracellular matrix, while SEPT9 downregulation inhibits this process. The degradation pattern is peripheral and associated with focal adhesions (FA), where it is coupled with increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases. SEPT9 overexpression induces MMP upregulation in human tumors and in culture models and promotes MMP3 secretion to the media at FAs. Downregulation of SEPT9 or chemical inhibition of septin filament assembly impairs recruitment of MMP3 to FAs. Our results indicate that SEPT9 promotes upregulation and both trafficking and secretion of MMPs near FAs, thus enhancing migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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26
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de Vos IJHM, Wong ASW, Welting TJM, Coull BJ, van Steensel MAM. Multicentric osteolytic syndromes represent a phenotypic spectrum defined by defective collagen remodeling. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1652-1664. [PMID: 31218820 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Frank-Ter Haar syndrome (FTHS), Winchester syndrome (WS), and multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy (MONA) are ultra-rare multisystem disorders characterized by craniofacial malformations, reduced bone density, skeletal and cardiac anomalies, and dermal fibrosis. These autosomal recessive syndromes are caused by homozygous mutation or deletion of respectively SH3PXD2B (SH3 and PX Domains 2B), MMP14 (matrix metalloproteinase 14), or MMP2. Here, we give an overview of the clinical features of 63 previously reported patients with an SH3PXD2B, MMP14, or MMP2 mutation, demonstrating considerable clinical overlap between FTHS, WS, and MONA. Interestingly, the protein products of SH3PXD2B, MMP14, and MMP2 directly cooperate in collagen remodeling. We review animal models for these three disorders that accurately reflect the major clinical features and likewise show significant phenotypical similarity with each other. Furthermore, they demonstrate that defective collagen remodeling is central in the underlying pathology. As such, we propose a nosological revision, placing these SH3PXD2B, MMP14, and MMP2 related syndromes in a novel "defective collagen-remodelling spectrum (DECORS)". In our opinion, this revised nosology better reflects the central role for impaired collagen remodeling, a potential target for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo J H M de Vos
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arnette Shi Wei Wong
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Barry J Coull
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore
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Zhang X, Xing XX, Cui JF. Invadopodia formation: An important step in matrix stiffness-regulated tumor invasion and metastasis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:589-597. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i9.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly motile and invasive abilities are symbolic features of metastatic tumor cells. Being a critical molecular event for maintaining the highly migratory and invasive capabilities of tumor cells, invadopodia formation undoubtedly determines the progression of tumor invasion and metastasis. Growing numbers of studies suggest that increased matrix stiffness, as a notable property of physical mechanics in solid tumors, participates in the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis via different molecular mechanisms. However, to date the relevant mechanisms of matrix stiffness-induced invadopodia formation and activity in tumor cells remain largely unclear. This paper is to make a review on the structure and function of invadopodia, the stages and inductive factors of invadopodia formation, the regulatory mechanisms of matrix stiffness-induced invadopodia formation and so on, with an aim to reveal the important roles of invadopodia in matrix stiffness-regulated tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Xing
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie-Feng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Peltanova B, Raudenska M, Masarik M. Effect of tumor microenvironment on pathogenesis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:63. [PMID: 30927923 PMCID: PMC6441173 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of many different cell populations, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and various infiltrating immune cells, and non-cell components of extracellular matrix. These crucial parts of the surrounding stroma can function as both positive and negative regulators of all hallmarks of cancer development, including evasion of apoptosis, induction of angiogenesis, deregulation of the energy metabolism, resistance to the immune detection and destruction, and activation of invasion and metastasis. This review represents a summary of recent studies focusing on describing these effects of microenvironment on initiation and progression of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, focusing on oral squamous cell carcinoma, since it is becoming clear that an investigation of differences in stromal composition of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment and their impact on cancer development and progression may help better understand the mechanisms behind different responses to therapy and help define possible targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Peltanova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595,, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Bouris P, Manou D, Sopaki-Valalaki A, Kolokotroni A, Moustakas A, Kapoor A, Iozzo RV, Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD. Serglycin promotes breast cancer cell aggressiveness: Induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, proteolytic activity and IL-8 signaling. Matrix Biol 2018; 74:35-51. [PMID: 29842969 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan that is expressed and constitutively secreted by numerous malignant cells, especially prominent in the highly-invasive, triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells. Notably, de novo expression of serglycin in low aggressive estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive MCF7 breast cancer cells promotes an aggressive phenotype. In this study, we discovered that serglycin promoted epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCF7 cells as shown by increased expression of mesenchymal markers vimentin, fibronectin and EMT-related transcription factor Snail2. These phenotypic traits were also associated with the development of drug resistance toward various chemotherapy agents and induction of their proteolytic potential as shown by the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP and up-regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Knockdown of serglycin markedly reduced the expression of these proteolytic enzymes in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, serglycin expression was closely linked to a pro-inflammatory gene signature including the chemokine IL-8 in ERα-negative breast cancer cells and tumors. Notably, serglycin regulated the secretion of IL-8 in breast cancer cells independently of their ERα status and promoted their proliferation, migration and invasion by triggering IL-8/CXCR2 downstream signaling cascades including PI3K, Src and Rac activation. Thus, serglycin promotes the establishment of a pro-inflammatory milieu in breast cancer cells that evokes an invasive mesenchymal phenotype via autocrine activation of IL-8/CXCR2 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Bouris
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Anastasia Sopaki-Valalaki
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Anthi Kolokotroni
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece.
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Pearce OMT. Cancer glycan epitopes: biosynthesis, structure and function. Glycobiology 2018; 28:670-696. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M T Pearce
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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31
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Liu H, Cao YD, Ye WX, Sun YY. Effect of microRNA-206 on Cytoskeleton Remodelling by Downregulating Cdc42 in MDA-MB-231 Cells. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 96:751-5. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161009600518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background MicroRNAs are small, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miR-206 is known to play an important role in breast cancer metastasis. When we sought to predict the target of miR-206 by Targetscan, Pictar and miRanda, we found Cdc42 was a potential one. In this study, we transfected miR-206 into MDA-MB-231 cells and examined Cdc42 protein expression as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are also associated with metastasis of breast cancer. Since Cdc42 is involved in filopodia and invadopodia formation, we examined the morphological changes of MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods and study design miR-206 mimics were transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells using Lipofectamine™ 2000. Protein expression was detected by Western blot. Cells were stained with FITC-phalloidin to visualize F-actin. Invasive ability and migratory ability were examined by invasion assay and migration assay in vitro. Results Cdc42, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were downregulated on the protein level. The formation of filopodia, which requires Cdc42, was inhibited in miR-206 transfected cells, even under the stimulation of EGF. The invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro was inhibited by miR-206 too. Conclusions The results suggest that miR-206 may suppress invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro partly via regulating actin cytoskeleton remodelling such as filopodia formation. Free full text available at www.tumorionline.it
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - You-De Cao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Xia Ye
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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32
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Yang JC, Zhang Y, He SJ, Li MM, Cai XL, Wang H, Xu LM, Cao J. TM4SF1 Promotes Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer via Regulating the Expression of DDR1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45895. [PMID: 28368050 PMCID: PMC5377454 DOI: 10.1038/srep45895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane-4-L-six-family-1(TM4SF1), a four-transmembrane L6 family member, is highly expressed in various pancreatic cancer cell lines and promotes cancer cells metastasis. However, the TM4SF1-associated signaling network in metastasis remains unknown. In the present study, we found that TM4SF1 affected the formation and function of invadopodia. Silencing of TM4SF1 reduced the expression of DDR1 significantly in PANC-1 and AsPC-1 cells. Through double fluorescence immuno-staining and Co-immunoprecipitation, we also found that TM4SF1 colocalized with DDR1 and had an interaction with DDR1. In addition, upregulating the expression of DDR1 rescued the inhibitory effects of cell migration and invasion, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 and the formation and function of invadopodia when TM4SF1 silenced. In pancreatic cancer tissues, qRT-PCR and scatter plots analysis further determined that TM4SF1 had a correlation with DDR1. Collectively, our study provides a novel regulatory pathway involving TM4SF1, DDR1, MMP2 and MMP9, which promotes the formation and function of invadopodia to support cell migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Si-Jia He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ming-Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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33
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Busch A, Hess S. The Cytoskeleton Architecture of Algivorous Protoplast Feeders (Viridiraptoridae, Rhizaria) Indicates Actin-Guided Perforation of Prey Cell Walls. Protist 2017; 168:12-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated NOX4 Knockout Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Invasion in HeLa Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170327. [PMID: 28099519 PMCID: PMC5242459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of NOX4 protein is associated with cancer progression and metastasis but the role of NOX4 in cell proliferation and invasion is not fully understood. We generated NOX4 knockout HeLa cell lines using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to explore the cellular functions of NOX4. After transfection of CRISPR-Cas9 construct, we performed T7 endonuclease 1 assays and DNA sequencing to generate and identify insertion and deletion of the NOX4 locus. We confirmed the knockout of NOX4 by Western blotting. NOX4 knockout cell lines showed reduced cell proliferation with an increase of sub-G1 cell population and the decrease of S/G2/M population. Moreover, NOX4 deficiency resulted in a dramatic decrease in invadopodium formation and the invasive activity. In addition, NOX4 deficiency also caused a decrease in focal adhesions and cell migration in HeLa cells. These results suggest that NOX4 is required for both efficient proliferation and invasion of HeLa cells.
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35
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Chang TT, Thakar D, Weaver VM. Force-dependent breaching of the basement membrane. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:178-189. [PMID: 28025167 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, non-invasive carcinomas are confined to the epithelial side of the basement membrane and are classified as benign, whereas invasive cancers invade through the basement membrane and thereby acquire the potential to metastasize. Recent findings suggest that, in addition to protease-mediated degradation and chemotaxis-stimulated migration, basement membrane invasion by malignant cells is significantly influenced by the stiffness of the associated interstitial extracellular matrix and the contractility of the tumor cells that is dictated in part by their oncogenic genotype. In this review, we highlight recent findings that illustrate unifying molecular mechanisms whereby these physical cues contribute to tissue fibrosis and malignancy in three epithelial organs: breast, pancreas, and liver. We also discuss the clinical implications of these findings and the biological properties and clinical challenges linked to the unique biology of each of these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy T Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Dhruv Thakar
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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36
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Thakur V, Bedogni B. The membrane tethered matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP at the forefront of melanoma cell invasion and metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Development of a Biomimetic Chondroitin Sulfate-modified Hydrogel to Enhance the Metastasis of Tumor Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29858. [PMID: 27432752 PMCID: PMC4949442 DOI: 10.1038/srep29858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis with resistance to anticancer therapies is the main cause of death in cancer patients. It is necessary to develop reliable tumor metastasis models that can closely recapitulate the pathophysiological features of the native tumor tissue. In this study, chondroitin sulfate (CS)-modified alginate hydrogel beads (ALG-CS) are developed to mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment with an abnormally increased expression of CS for the promotion of tumor cell metastasis. The modification mechanism of CS on alginate hydrogel is due to the cross-linking between CS and alginate molecules via coordination of calcium ions, which enables ALG-CS to possess significantly different physical characteristics than the traditional alginate beads (ALG). And quantum chemistry calculations show that in addition to the traditional egg-box structure, novel asymmetric egg-box-like structures based on the interaction between these two kinds of polymers are also formed within ALG-CS. Moreover, tumor cell metastasis is significantly enhanced in ALG-CS compared with that in ALG, as confirmed by the increased expression of MMP genes and proteins and greater in vitro invasion ability. Therefore, ALG-CS could be a convenient and effective 3D biomimetic scaffold that would be used to construct standardized tumor metastasis models for tumor research and anticancer drug screening.
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Kajiho H, Kajiho Y, Frittoli E, Confalonieri S, Bertalot G, Viale G, Di Fiore PP, Oldani A, Garre M, Beznoussenko GV, Palamidessi A, Vecchi M, Chavrier P, Perez F, Scita G. RAB2A controls MT1-MMP endocytic and E-cadherin polarized Golgi trafficking to promote invasive breast cancer programs. EMBO Rep 2016. [PMID: 27255086 DOI: 10.1552/embr.201642032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of tumor cell dissemination and the contribution of membrane trafficking in this process are poorly understood. Through a functional siRNA screening of human RAB GTPases, we found that RAB2A, a protein essential for ER-to-Golgi transport, is critical in promoting proteolytic activity and 3D invasiveness of breast cancer (BC) cell lines. Remarkably, RAB2A is amplified and elevated in human BC and is a powerful and independent predictor of disease recurrence in BC patients. Mechanistically, RAB2A acts at two independent trafficking steps. Firstly, by interacting with VPS39, a key component of the late endosomal HOPS complex, it controls post-endocytic trafficking of membrane-bound MT1-MMP, an essential metalloprotease for matrix remodeling and invasion. Secondly, it further regulates Golgi transport of E-cadherin, ultimately controlling junctional stability, cell compaction, and tumor invasiveness. Thus, RAB2A is a novel trafficking determinant essential for regulation of a mesenchymal invasive program of BC dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kajiho
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuko Kajiho
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Oldani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Manuela Vecchi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris Cedex 05, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 CNRS UMR 144, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Frank Perez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris Cedex 05, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 CNRS UMR 144, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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39
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Kajiho H, Kajiho Y, Frittoli E, Confalonieri S, Bertalot G, Viale G, Di Fiore PP, Oldani A, Garre M, Beznoussenko GV, Palamidessi A, Vecchi M, Chavrier P, Perez F, Scita G. RAB2A controls MT1-MMP endocytic and E-cadherin polarized Golgi trafficking to promote invasive breast cancer programs. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1061-80. [PMID: 27255086 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of tumor cell dissemination and the contribution of membrane trafficking in this process are poorly understood. Through a functional siRNA screening of human RAB GTPases, we found that RAB2A, a protein essential for ER-to-Golgi transport, is critical in promoting proteolytic activity and 3D invasiveness of breast cancer (BC) cell lines. Remarkably, RAB2A is amplified and elevated in human BC and is a powerful and independent predictor of disease recurrence in BC patients. Mechanistically, RAB2A acts at two independent trafficking steps. Firstly, by interacting with VPS39, a key component of the late endosomal HOPS complex, it controls post-endocytic trafficking of membrane-bound MT1-MMP, an essential metalloprotease for matrix remodeling and invasion. Secondly, it further regulates Golgi transport of E-cadherin, ultimately controlling junctional stability, cell compaction, and tumor invasiveness. Thus, RAB2A is a novel trafficking determinant essential for regulation of a mesenchymal invasive program of BC dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kajiho
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuko Kajiho
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Oldani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Manuela Vecchi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris Cedex 05, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 CNRS UMR 144, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Frank Perez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris Cedex 05, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 CNRS UMR 144, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Proteolytic Enzymes Clustered in Specialized Plasma-Membrane Domains Drive Endothelial Cells' Migration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154709. [PMID: 27152413 PMCID: PMC4859482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cultured endothelial cells forming a continuous monolayer establish stable cell-cell contacts and acquire a “resting” phenotype; on the other hand, when growing in sparse conditions these cells acquire a migratory phenotype and invade the empty area of the culture. Culturing cells in different conditions, we compared expression and clustering of proteolytic enzymes in cells having migratory versus stationary behavior. In order to observe resting and migrating cells in the same microscopic field, a continuous cell monolayer was wounded. Increased expression of proteolytic enzymes was evident in cell membranes of migrating cells especially at sprouting sites and in shed membrane vesicles. Gelatin zymography and western blotting analyses confirmed that in migrating cells, expression of membrane-bound and of vesicle-associated proteolytic enzymes are increased. The enzymes concerned include MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, seprase, DPP4 (DiPeptidyl Peptidase 4) and uPA. Shed membrane vesicles were shown to exert degradative activity on ECM components and produce substrates facilitating cell migration. Vesicles shed by migrating cells degraded ECM components at an increased rate; as a result their effect on cell migration was amplified. Inhibiting either Matrix Metallo Proteases (MMPs) or Serine Integral Membrane Peptidases (SIMPs) caused a decrease in the stimulatory effect of vesicles, inhibiting the spontaneous migratory activity of cells; a similar result was also obtained when a monoclonal antibody acting on DPP4 was tested. We conclude that proteolytic enzymes have a synergistic stimulatory effect on cell migration and that their clustering probably facilitates the proteolytic activation cascades needed to produce maximal degradative activity on cell substrates during the angiogenic process.
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Chordin-Like 1 Suppresses Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4-Induced Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1509-25. [PMID: 26976638 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00600-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ShcA is an important mediator of ErbB2- and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. We show that in the context of reduced ShcA levels, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist chordin-like 1 (Chrdl1) is upregulated in numerous breast cancer cells following TGF-β stimulation. BMPs have emerged as important modulators of breast cancer aggressiveness, and we have investigated the ability of Chrdl1 to block BMP-induced increases in breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Breast cancer-derived conditioned medium containing elevated concentrations of endogenous Chrdl1, as well as medium containing recombinant Chrdl1, suppresses BMP4-induced signaling in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Live-cell migration assays reveal that BMP4 induces breast cancer migration, which is effectively blocked by Chrdl1. We demonstrate that BMP4 also stimulated breast cancer cell invasion and matrix degradation, in part, through enhanced metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 activity that is antagonized by Chrdl1. Finally, high Chrdl1 expression was associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer. Together, our data reveal that Chrdl1 acts as a negative regulator of malignant breast cancer phenotypes through inhibition of BMP signaling.
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42
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Revach OY, Winograd-Katz SE, Samuels Y, Geiger B. The involvement of mutant Rac1 in the formation of invadopodia in cultured melanoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 343:82-88. [PMID: 26873115 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we discuss the complex involvement of a Rho-family GTPase, Rac1, in cell migration and in invadopodia-mediated matrix degradation. We discuss the involvement of invadopodia in invasive cell migration, and their capacity to promote cancer metastasis. Considering the regulation of invadopodia formation, we describe studies that demonstrate the role of Rac1 in the metastatic process, and the suggestion that this effect is attributable to the capacity of Rac1 to promote invadopodia formation. This notion is demonstrated here by showing that knockdown of Rac1 in melanoma cells expressing a wild-type form of this GTPase, reduces invadopodia-dependent matrix degradation. Interestingly, we also show that excessive activity of Rac1, displayed by the P29S, hyperactive, "fast cycling" mutant of Rac1, which is present in 5-10% of melanoma tumors, inhibits invadopodia function. Moreover, knockdown of this hyperactive mutant enhanced matrix degradation, indicating that excessive Rac1 activity by this mutant can negatively regulate invadopodia formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or-Yam Revach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sabina E Winograd-Katz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of breast cancer deaths. To spread from the primary tumor sites to distant tissues, solid tumor cells need to degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). The protrusive membrane structures named invadopodia have been shown to play a critical role in the degradation of the ECM and invasion of invasive cancer cells. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol to examine invadopodia in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, China
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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44
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Parekh A, Weaver AM. Regulation of invadopodia by mechanical signaling. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:89-95. [PMID: 26546985 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical rigidity in the tumor microenvironment is associated with a high risk of tumor formation and aggressiveness. Adhesion-based signaling driven by a rigid microenvironment is thought to facilitate invasion and migration of cancer cells away from primary tumors. Proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key component of this process and is mediated by subcellular actin-rich structures known as invadopodia. Both ECM rigidity and cellular traction stresses promote invadopodia formation and activity, suggesting a role for these structures in mechanosensing. The presence and activity of mechanosensitive adhesive and signaling components at invadopodia further indicates the potential for these structures to utilize myosin-dependent forces to probe and remodel their ECM environments. Here, we provide a brief review of the role of adhesion-based mechanical signaling in controlling invadopodia and invasive cancer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Parekh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
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45
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Shin JU, Lee WJ, Tran TN, Jung I, Lee JH. Hsp70 Knockdown by siRNA Decreased Collagen Production in Keloid Fibroblasts. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:1619-26. [PMID: 26446645 PMCID: PMC4630051 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.6.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There are currently no consistently effective treatments for the excessive collagen produced by keloid fibroblasts. Previously, we reported that heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is up-regulated in keloid fibroblasts and keloid tissue. We, therefore, investigated whether Hsp70 is related to excessive collagen production in keloid fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS We inhibited Hsp70 in keloid fibroblasts by RNA interference and examined the resulting collagen expression. Thus, we selected small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specific for human Hsp70, transfected them into keloid fibroblasts, and evaluated the resulting phenotypes and protein production using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and a collagen assay. RESULTS The siRNAs dramatically suppressed Hsp70 mRNA expression, resulting in a decrease in collagen production in the keloid fibroblasts compared with controls. The siRNAs did not influence the viability of the keloid fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Hsp70 overexpression likely plays an important role in the excessive collagen production by keloid fibroblasts. RNA interference has therapeutic potential for the treatment of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thanh-Nga Tran
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inhee Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Alexandrova AY. Plasticity of tumor cell migration: acquisition of new properties or return to the past? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:947-63. [PMID: 25385021 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914090107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During tumor development cancer cells pass through several stages when cell morphology and migration abilities change remarkably. These stages are named epithelial-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-amoeboid transitions. The molecular mechanisms underlying cell motility are changing during these transitions. As result of transitions the cells acquire new characteristics and modes of motility. Cell migration becomes more independent from the environmental conditions, and thus cell dissemination becomes more aggressive, which leads to formation of distant metastases. In this review we discuss the characteristics of each of the transitions, cell morphology, and the specificity of cellular structures responsible for different modes of cell motility as well as molecular mechanisms regulating each transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Alexandrova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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Terawaki S, Kitano K, Aoyama M, Mori T, Hakoshima T. MT1‐MMP recognition by ERM proteins and its implication in CD44 shedding. Genes Cells 2015; 20:847-59. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin‐ichi Terawaki
- Structural Biology Laboratory Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama Ikoma Nara 630‐0192 Japan
| | - Ken Kitano
- Structural Biology Laboratory Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama Ikoma Nara 630‐0192 Japan
| | - Miki Aoyama
- Structural Biology Laboratory Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama Ikoma Nara 630‐0192 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mori
- Structural Biology Laboratory Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama Ikoma Nara 630‐0192 Japan
| | - Toshio Hakoshima
- Structural Biology Laboratory Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama Ikoma Nara 630‐0192 Japan
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Revach OY, Geiger B. The interplay between the proteolytic, invasive, and adhesive domains of invadopodia and their roles in cancer invasion. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:215-25. [PMID: 24714132 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-based protrusions of the plasma membrane that penetrate into the extracellular matrix (ECM), and enzymatically degrade it. Invadopodia and podosomes, often referred to, collectively, as "invadosomes," are actin-based membrane protrusions that facilitate matrix remodeling and cell invasion across tissues, processes that occur under specific physiological conditions such as bone remodeling, as well as under pathological states such as bone, immune disorders, and cancer metastasis. In this review, we specifically focus on the functional architecture of invadopodia in cancer cells; we discuss here three functional domains of invadopodia responsible for the metalloproteinase-based degradation of the ECM, the cytoskeleton-based mechanical penetration into the matrix, and the integrin adhesome-based adhesion to the ECM. We will describe the structural and molecular organization of each domain and the cross-talk between them during the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or-Yam Revach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
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Charming neighborhoods on the cell surface: plasma membrane microdomains regulate receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1963-76. [PMID: 26163824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are an important family of growth factor and hormone receptors that regulate many aspects of cellular physiology. Ligand binding by RTKs at the plasma membrane elicits activation of many signaling intermediates. The spatial and temporal regulation of RTK signaling within cells is an important determinant of receptor signaling outcome. In particular, the compartmentalization of the plasma membrane into a number of microdomains allows context-specific control of RTK signaling. Indeed various RTKs are recruited to and enriched within specific plasma membrane microdomains under various conditions, including lipid-ordered domains such as caveolae and lipid rafts, clathrin-coated structures, tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, and actin-dependent protrusive membrane microdomains such as dorsal ruffles and invadosomes. We examine the evidence for control of RTK signaling by each of these plasma membrane microdomains, as well as molecular mechanisms for how this spatial organization controls receptor signaling.
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50
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Itoh Y. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases: Their functions and regulations. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:207-23. [PMID: 25794647 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) form a subgroup of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, and there are 6 MT-MMPs in humans. MT-MMPs are further sub-classified into type I transmembrane-type (MT1, -MT2-, MT3- and MT5-MMPs) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored type (MT4- and MT6-MMPs). In either case MT-MMPs are tethered to the plasma membrane, and this cell surface expression provides those enzymes with unique functionalities affecting various cellular behaviours. Among the 6 MT-MMPs, MT1-MMP is the most investigated enzyme and many of its roles and regulations have been revealed to date, but the potential roles and regulatory mechanisms of other MT-MMPs are gradually getting clearer as well. Further investigations of MT-MMPs are likely to reveal novel pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for different diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
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