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Sychev AV, Lavrova AI, Dogonadze MZ, Postnikov EB. Establishing Compliance between Spectral, Colourimetric and Photometric Indicators in Resazurin Reduction Test. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:962. [PMID: 37627847 PMCID: PMC10451944 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The resazurin reduction test is one of the basic tests for bacterial culture viability and drug resistance endorsed by the World Health Organisation. At the same time, conventional spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods demand rather bulky and expensive equipment. This induces a challenge for developing simpler approaches to sensor systems that are portable and applicable in resource-limited settings. In this work, we address two such alternative approaches, based on the colour processing of the microbiological plate's photographic images and single-channel photometry with a recently developed portable microbiological analyser. The key results consist of establishing a sequential linear correspondence between the concentration of resorufin produced due to the reduction of resazurin by viable bacteria as determined by the UV-Vis studies, the intensity of the a* channel of the CIE L*a*b* colour space and the transmitted light intensity registered by a luxmeter under the LED illumination with a yellow colour filter. This route is illustrated with the chemical system "Hydrazine hydrate - resazurin", isolating the target colour change-inducing reaction and the test of determining the minimal inhibition concentration of the antibacterial first-line drug isoniazid acting on the culture of the H37Rv strain of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Sychev
- Research Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Kursk State University, Radishcheva St. 33, 305000 Kursk, Russia
| | - Anastasia I. Lavrova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky av. 2-4, 191036 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marine Z. Dogonadze
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky av. 2-4, 191036 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eugene B. Postnikov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Kursk State University, Radishcheva St. 33, 305000 Kursk, Russia
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Molina-Torres C, Pedraza-Rodríguez C, Vera-Cabrera L, Ocampo-Candiani J, Rivas-Morales C, Viveros-Valdez E. Antimycobacterial Activity of Hedeoma drummondii against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050833. [PMID: 37237736 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem worldwide, and the emergence of multi-resistant strains to first-line drugs has become the biggest obstacle to its treatment. On the other hand, the incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in humans has increased remarkably in recent years. The search for new and better treatments against mycobacterial infections is a constant at the global level. Hence, in this study, we propose to investigate the antimycobacterial effect of the extracts and major compounds of Hedeoma drummondii against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria: M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, M. intracellulare, and M. gordonae. To determine the antimycobacterial activity, a microdilution assay was used to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the different strains of Mycobacterium. The methanolic extract presented the best activity against M. tuberculosis, inhibiting ten of the twelve strains analyzed at a concentration < 2500 µg/mL; meanwhile, the hexanic extract presented the best activity against non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) by inhibiting eight of the ten strains studied at ≤625 µg/mL. Moreover, there is a strong positive correlation between the antimycobacterial activity of pulegone and the hexanic extract against non-tuberculous strains, so this compound could serve as a predictability marker against these types of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Molina-Torres
- Servicios de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey 66640, NL, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pedraza-Rodríguez
- Servicios de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey 66640, NL, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicios de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey 66640, NL, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Servicios de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Madero y Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey 66640, NL, Mexico
| | - Catalina Rivas-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
| | - Ezequiel Viveros-Valdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
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Abo Kamer AM, Amer NM, Abdelmegeed AA, El Maghraby GM, Gamaleldin NM. Surfactant nanovesicles for augmented antibacterial activity against carbapenemase resistant enterobacteriaceae and extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing bacteria: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:73. [PMID: 36927445 PMCID: PMC10018850 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous emergence of bacterial resistance is a challenging problem in infectious diseases treatment. Recently, new research lines employed nano-drug delivery systems to enhance antibacterial activity of the existing antibiotics. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to optimize surfactant nanovesicles to improve the antimicrobial effect of meropenem, ertapenem and tigecycline against Carbapenemase Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing bacteria (ESBL). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were used as the test organisms. In vivo and in vitro evaluations were conducted to prove the efficacy of niosome-encapsulated drugs formulations. The results revealed that surfactant vesicles were able to reduce the MIC values of the tested drugs by nine-fold change compared to their free forms. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed possible adhesion/fusion of the vesicles encapsulated drugs on the bacterial cells compared to its solution. In vivo investigations using animal skin model confirmed the superiority of nanovesicles drug encapsulation regarding both wound size and histopathological examination. Wound surface area was reduced from 24.6mm2 in absence of drug to reach 13.9, and 6.2mm2 in presence of ertapenem solution or niosomes, respectively. Nanovesicular formulations can be considered as effective drug delivery systems that can diminish bacterial resistance against β-lactams antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M. Abo Kamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Amer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Gamal M. El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Gamaleldin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk, Cairo 11837 Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk, Cairo Egypt
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Huang Y, Ai L, Wang X, Sun Z, Wang F. Review and Updates on the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195826. [PMID: 36233689 PMCID: PMC9570811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of tuberculosis, and especially the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, still faces challenges in clinical practice. There are several reasons for this. Methods based on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are insufficiently sensitive, methods based on the detection of Mtb-specific immune responses cannot always differentiate active disease from latent infection, and some of the serological markers of infection with Mtb are insufficiently specific to differentiate tuberculosis from other inflammatory diseases. New tools based on technologies such as flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, high-throughput sequencing, and artificial intelligence have the potential to solve this dilemma. The aim of this review was to provide an updated overview of current efforts to optimize classical diagnostic methods, as well as new molecular and other methodologies, for accurate diagnosis of patients with Mtb infection.
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Gene mutations in resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of Iran - A cross-sectional study. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Keikha M, Karbalaei M. High resolution melting assay as a reliable method for diagnosing drug-resistant TB cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:989. [PMID: 34551717 PMCID: PMC8456628 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most contagious infectious diseases worldwide. Currently, drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates are considered as one of the main challenges in the global TB control strategy. Rapid detection of resistant strains effectively reduces morbidity and mortality of world's population. Although both culture and conventional antibiotic susceptibility testing are time-consuming, recent studies have shown that high resolution melting (HRM) assay can be used to determine the types of antibiotic resistance. In the present meta-analysis, we evaluated the discriminative power of HRM in detecting all drug-resistance cases of TB. METHODS A systematic search was performed using databases such as Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Related studies on the effect of HRM in the diagnosis of drug-resistant (DR) TB cases were retrieved by April 2021. We used Meta-Disc software to evaluate the pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of HRM for the detection of each type of drug-resistant cases. Finally, diagnostic value of HRM was characterized by summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) method. RESULTS Overall 47 studies (4,732 Mtb isolates) met our criteria and were included in the present meta-analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of HRM were measured for antibiotics such as isoniazid (93%, 98%, 0.987), rifampin (94%, 97%, 0963), ethambutol (82%, 87%, 0.728), streptomycin (82%, 95%, 0.957), pyrazinamide (72%, 84%, 0.845), fluoroquinolones (86%, 99%, 0.997), MDR-TB (90%, 98%, 0.989), and pan-drug-resistant TB (89%, 95%, 0.973). CONCLUSIONS The HRM assay has high accuracy for the identification of drug-resistant TB, particularly firs-line anti-TB drugs. Therefore, this method is considered as an alternative option for the rapid diagnosis of DR-TB cases. However, due to heterogeneity of included studies, the results of HRM assays should be interpreted based on conventional drug susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
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Coban AY. A novel agar base medium for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:949-953. [PMID: 34384261 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate AYC.2.2 agar for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates against first-line drugs. Materials & methods: In the present study, 208 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were tested on AYC.2.2 agar, which was previously validated for the first-line drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol. Results: Specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and agreement for isoniazid-rifampicin-ethambutol-streptomycin were 100-100-97.2-99.3%, 94.8-94.8-79.3-94.3%, 100-100-82.1-98.03%, 97.03-98.03-96.7-98.08%, 98.07-98.5-94.7-98.07%, respectively. Conclusion: Results had shown that the newly developed AYC.2.2 agar promises as an alternative medium that can be used to perform susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis isolates. However, further multicenter studies are needed to be used in routine mycobacteriology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yilmaz Coban
- Akdeniz University Tuberculosis Research Center, Antalya, Turkey.,Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Akdeniz University Institute of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
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Mutations in fbiD ( Rv2983) as a Novel Determinant of Resistance to Pretomanid and Delamanid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 65:AAC.01948-20. [PMID: 33077652 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01948-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitroimidazole prodrugs delamanid and pretomanid comprise one of only two new antimicrobial classes approved to treat tuberculosis (TB) in 50 years. Prior in vitro studies suggest a relatively low barrier to nitroimidazole resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but clinical evidence is limited to date. We selected pretomanid-resistant M. tuberculosis mutants in two mouse models of TB using a range of pretomanid doses. The frequency of spontaneous resistance was approximately 10-5 CFU. Whole-genome sequencing of 161 resistant isolates from 47 mice revealed 99 unique mutations, of which 91% occurred in 1 of 5 genes previously associated with nitroimidazole activation and resistance, namely, fbiC (56%), fbiA (15%), ddn (12%), fgd (4%), and fbiB (4%). Nearly all mutations were unique to a single mouse and not previously identified. The remaining 9% of resistant mutants harbored mutations in Rv2983 (fbiD), a gene not previously associated with nitroimidazole resistance but recently shown to be a guanylyltransferase necessary for cofactor F420 synthesis. Most mutants exhibited high-level resistance to pretomanid and delamanid, although Rv2983 and fbiB mutants exhibited high-level pretomanid resistance but relatively small changes in delamanid susceptibility. Complementing an Rv2983 mutant with wild-type Rv2983 restored susceptibility to pretomanid and delamanid. By quantifying intracellular F420 and its precursor Fo in overexpressing and loss-of-function mutants, we provide further evidence that Rv2983 is necessary for F420 biosynthesis. Finally, Rv2983 mutants and other F420H2-deficient mutants displayed hypersusceptibility to some antibiotics and to concentrations of malachite green found in solid media used to isolate and propagate mycobacteria from clinical samples.
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Schell J, McCauley SC, Glaser R. Video colorimetry of single-chromophore systems based on vector analysis in the 3D color space: Unexpected hysteresis loops in oscillating chemical reactions. Talanta 2020; 220:121303. [PMID: 32928377 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorimetry, the quantitative determination of color, usually of a digital image, has useful applications in diverse areas of research. Many methods have been proposed for translating the RGB data of an image to obtain concentration information. Among the many methods for RGB analysis, we focus on the vector projection method (VP), which is based on a vector analysis in 3D RGB color space. This method has the major advantages of being conceptually intelligible and generalizable to various systems. For solutions with variable concentrations of one chromophore, we will show that the analysis of the trace in RGB color space allows for a judgment about the reliability of the linear concentration dependence of the chromapostasi parameter. We discuss the theoretical underpinnings of the method in two test cases, a simple dye solution and a titration of an organic acid with phenolphthalein indicator. The VP method was then applied to the Ce-catalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction with the expectation that the colorimetry would quantify [Ce4+] oscillations. Surprisingly, the 3D color space analysis revealed hysteresis loops and the origin and implications of this observation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Schell
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Sara C McCauley
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Rainer Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
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10
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Advances in the diagnosis of tuberculosis- Journey from smear microscopy to whole genome sequencing. Indian J Tuberc 2020; 67:S61-S68. [PMID: 33308673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory plays an important role in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) and the identification and drug sensitivity testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With a timely diagnosis and treatment with appropriate anti-TB drugs, most people who develop TB can be cured and onward transmission of infection curtailed. For a long time, laboratories used only microscopy and conventional culture-based diagnosis, however these procedures are slow and may require 3-4 weeks to yield results. Given the increasing rate of drug resistance, it has been necessary to look for new and rapid diagnostic methods. Various molecular based diagnostic technologies became available in the beginning of early 90s, providing rapid detection, identification and DST of M. tuberculosis. Molecular technologies offer the greatest potential for laboratories because they have the highest sensitivity and specificity. The present article will review some of the new methodology that has been introduced in the clinical laboratory.
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11
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Wasserman S, Louw G, Ramangoaela L, Barber G, Hayes C, Omar SV, Maartens G, Barry C, Song T, Meintjes G. Linezolid resistance in patients with drug-resistant TB and treatment failure in South Africa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2377-2384. [PMID: 31081017 PMCID: PMC6640298 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Limited data exist on clinical associations and genotypic correlates of linezolid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We aimed to describe mutations and clinical factors associated with phenotypic linezolid resistance from patients with drug-resistant TB at two public sector facilities in South Africa. Methods Adults and adolescents with treatment failure (culture positivity ≥4 months) on a linezolid-containing regimen were retrospectively identified. Phenotypic resistance, as defined by a linezolid MIC >1 mg/L, was assessed for retrieved isolates using broth microdilution. Targeted sequencing of rrl and rplC was performed, irrespective of growth on subculture. Results Thirty-nine patients with linezolid-based treatment failure were identified, 13 (33%) of whom had phenotypic or genotypic linezolid resistance after a median duration of 22 months (range = 7–32) of linezolid therapy. Paired MIC testing and genotyping was performed on 55 unique isolates. All isolates with phenotypic resistance (n = 16) were associated with known resistance mutations, most frequently due to the T460C substitution in rplC (n = 10); rrl mutations included G2814T, G2270C/T and A2810C. No mutations were detected in isolates with MICs at or below the critical concentration. Conclusions Linezolid resistance occurred in a third of patients with drug-resistant TB and treatment failure. Resistance occurred late and was predicted by a limited number of mutations in rrl and rplC. Screening for genotypic resistance should be considered for patients with a positive culture after 4 months of linezolid therapy in order to optimize treatment and avoid the toxicity of ineffective linezolid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Wasserman
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gail Louw
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Limpho Ramangoaela
- Jose Pearson Hospital, Eastern Province Department of Health, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Garrick Barber
- Jose Pearson Hospital, Eastern Province Department of Health, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Cindy Hayes
- National Health Laboratory Service, TB Laboratory, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Shaheed Vally Omar
- Centre for Tuberculosis, WHO Supranational TB Reference Network, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gary Maartens
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clifton Barry
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Taeksun Song
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Lopez B, Siqueira de Oliveira R, Pinhata JMW, Chimara E, Pacheco Ascencio E, Puyén Guerra ZM, Wainmayer I, Simboli N, Del Granado M, Palomino JC, Ritacco V, Martin A. Bedaquiline and linezolid MIC distributions and epidemiological cut-off values for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Latin American region. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:373-379. [PMID: 30358851 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the distributions of bedaquiline and linezolid MIC values for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis WT population and to define the corresponding epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs) in three Latin American countries. Methods MICs of bedaquiline and linezolid were determined by the resazurin microtitre assay (REMA). In phase 1, interlaboratory reproducibility was assessed using a panel of 10 fully susceptible M. tuberculosis strains. Phase 2 involved MIC determination for 248 clinical isolates from Argentina (n = 58), Brazil (n = 100) and Peru (n = 90) from patients who were treatment-naive for bedaquiline and linezolid. We then determined the ECOFFs for bedaquiline and linezolid by the eyeball method and the ECOFFinder statistical calculator. Results Phase 1: REMA MIC values in the three sites were either identical to each other or differed by one 2-fold dilution from the consensus value with the exception of a single value. Phase 2: the bedaquiline MIC range was 0.0039-0.25 mg/L for pan-susceptible and drug-resistant isolates combined. The linezolid MIC range was 0.062-0.5 mg/L for pan-susceptible isolates and 0.031-4 mg/L for drug-resistant isolates. ECOFFs were 0.125 mg/L for bedaquiline and 0.50 mg/L for linezolid. Conclusions REMA is reproducible and robust for the determination of bedaquiline and linezolid MIC distributions and ECOFF values when applied in laboratories of medium/low-resource countries. We suggest that WT MIC distributions for both drugs should be used as a monitoring tool to control the possible rapid emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lopez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán", Departamento de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Juliana M W Pinhata
- Núcleo de Tuberculose e Micobacterioses, Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erica Chimara
- Núcleo de Tuberculose e Micobacterioses, Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Pacheco Ascencio
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Micobacterias, Lima, Peru
| | - Zully M Puyén Guerra
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Micobacterias, Lima, Peru
| | - Ingrid Wainmayer
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán", Servicio de Micobacterias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Simboli
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán", Servicio de Micobacterias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Juan Carlos Palomino
- Ghent University, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viviana Ritacco
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán", Servicio de Micobacterias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anandi Martin
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Advanced integrative sensing technologies for detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis in point-of-care settings. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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14
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Collin SM, Wurie F, Muzyamba MC, de Vries G, Lönnroth K, Migliori GB, Abubakar I, Anderson SR, Zenner D. Effectiveness of interventions for reducing TB incidence in countries with low TB incidence: a systematic review of reviews. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:180107. [PMID: 31142548 PMCID: PMC9489042 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0107-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS What is the evidence base for the effectiveness of interventions to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence in countries which have low TB incidence? METHODS We conducted a systematic review of interventions for TB control and prevention relevant to low TB incidence settings (<10 cases per 100 000 population). Our analysis was stratified according to "direct" or "indirect" effects on TB incidence. Review quality was assessed using AMSTAR2 criteria. We summarised the strength of review level evidence for interventions as "sufficient", "tentative", "insufficient" or "no" using a framework based on the consistency of evidence within and between reviews. RESULTS We found sufficient review level evidence for direct effects on TB incidence/case prevention of vaccination and treatment of latent TB infection. We also found sufficient evidence of beneficial indirect effects attributable to drug susceptibility testing and adverse indirect effects (measured as sub-optimal treatment outcomes) in relation to use of standardised first-line drug regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB and intermittent dosing regimens. We found insufficient review level evidence for direct or indirect effects of interventions in other areas, including screening, adherence, multidrug-resistant TB, and healthcare-associated infection. DISCUSSION Our review has shown a need for stronger evidence to support expert opinion and country experience when formulating TB control policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Collin
- TB Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Fatima Wurie
- TB Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Morris C Muzyamba
- TB Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah R Anderson
- TB Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
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Resazurin Assay Data for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Supporting a Model of the Growth Accelerated by a Stochastic Non-Homogeneity. DATA 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/data4010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the most widespread worldwide diseases heavily affecting society. Among popular modern laboratory tests for mycobacterial growth, the resazurin assay has certain advantages due to its effectiveness and relatively low cost. However, the high heterogeneity of the mycobacterial population affects the average growth rate. This fact must be taken into account in a quantitative interpretation of these tests’ output—fluorescence growth curves—related to the population growth of viable mycobacteria. Here, we report the spectrophotometric data obtained via the resazurin assay for the standard reference strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv for different initial dilutions and generation numbers of the culture, as well as their primary processing from the point of view of the stochastic multiplicative growth model. The obtained data, which indicate an accelerated (instead of linear) growth of the population density logarithm between the end of the lag phase and the saturation, provide evidence of the importance of the growth rates’ stochasticity. An analysis of the curve fits resulted in an estimation of the first two moments of the growth rates’ probability distributions, showing its relevance to vital processes for mycobacterial culture.
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Narang R, Ghodmare R, Narang P. Evaluation of nitrate reductase assay on Lowenstein–Jensen medium for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jmgims.jmgims_59_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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17
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Shibabaw A, Gelaw B, Kelley H, Balada-Llasat JM, Evans C, Wang SH, Torrelles JB, Tessema B. Accuracy of the color plate micro-colony detection for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Northwest Ethiopia. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 114:54-60. [PMID: 30711158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate and timely tuberculosis diagnosis is the primary step for initiating effective treatment. The color plate agar-based culture test (TB-CX test) is low cost, simple to use and detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis faster. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy and time to detection of positive cultures using color test and Lӧwenstein Jensen culture. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Hospital. A total of 200 sputum samples were collected from TB patients and processed for direct smear microscopy and cultures. RESULTS Sixty-five percent were found positive on both methods and 4 (2%) were positive on LJ culture and negative on the color plate. The median time for detection of MTB growth was significantly shorter using color plate test (Median 12 days) than LJ culture (Median 21 days) (P < 0.0001). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the color test compared to LJ culture were 97% (95% CI: 93-99) and 100% (95% CI: 94-100), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The color plate test for micro-colonies allows early and accurate MTB diagnosis in a median time of 12 days. This rapid method could be an option for diagnosis of pulmonary TB in resource limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agumas Shibabaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Baye Gelaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Holden Kelley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Carlton Evans
- The Wellcome Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shu-Hua Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Belay Tessema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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18
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Design, synthesis, antitubercular and antiviral properties of new spirocyclic indole derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019; 150:1533-1544. [PMID: 32214484 PMCID: PMC7087588 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract A series of indole-based spirothiazolidinones have been designed, synthesized and evaluated, in vitro, for their antitubercular, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The structures of the new compounds were established by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR (proton decoupled, APT, and DEPT), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and microanalysis. Compounds bearing a phenyl substituent at position 8 of the spiro ring, exhibited significant antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 at concentrations of 3.9 and 7.8 µM. Still, some of the tested compounds displayed activity on mycobacteria with MIC values of 16 and 31 µM. Four of the indole-spirothiazolidinone derivatives were found to be moderately active against Punta Toro virus, yellow fever virus or Sindbis virus in Vero cells. The antiviral EC50 values were in the range of 1.9–12 µM and the selectivity index (ratio of cytotoxic to antivirally effective concentration) was above 10 in some cases. The most potent effect was seen with the compound that is methylated at positions 2 and 8 of the spirothiazolidinone system. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00706-019-02457-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Jamil NIN, Wahab WNAWA, Ali IA, Yahaya ML. Direct Resazurin Microplate Assay in Drug Susceptibility Testing of Smear-Positive Sputum Samples against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:59-66. [PMID: 30914879 PMCID: PMC6422566 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.6.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new direct microplate-based colorimetric drug susceptibility test that omits the initial isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum specimens was evaluated. METHODS A total of 51 M. tuberculosis acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear-positive sputum specimens were inoculated directly into drug-free and serial dilutions of drug-containing Middlebrook 7H9 broth media. With this direct resazurin micro plate assay (REMA) method, resazurin dye was used as a growth indicator in microplate wells. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) were compared with those of the 'gold standard' absolute concentration method (ACM). The turnaround time (TAT) of the direct REMA and the ACM were also determined. RESULTS At the selected cut-off points (INH: 0.0625 μg/mL; RIF: 0.125 μg/mL), good drug susceptibility test results were obtained for INH and RIF with an average sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 90%, 100% and 97%, respectively, with a TAT of 15 days. The REMA method also correctly classified the resistant isolates with positive predictive values of 95% and negative predictive values of 98% for the two drugs. CONCLUSIONS The direct REMA was reliable in routine diagnostic laboratories for the drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis and the rapid detection of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Izani Noor Jamil
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Ibyhaslin Alyani Ali
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Lukman Yahaya
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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20
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Li Z, Askim JR, Suslick KS. The Optoelectronic Nose: Colorimetric and Fluorometric Sensor Arrays. Chem Rev 2018; 119:231-292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jon R. Askim
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Suslick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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21
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Chutichetpong P, Cheeveewattanagul N, Srilohasin P, Rijiravanich P, Chaiprasert A, Surareungchai W. Rapid screening drug susceptibility test in tuberculosis using sandwich electrochemical immunosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1025:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Gaikwad UN, Gaikwad NR. Modalities to monitor the treatment response in tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc 2018; 65:109-117. [PMID: 29579423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Considering the global epidemic of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, early and accurate diagnosis as well as prompt initiation of antitubercular therapy (ATT) forms the mainstay of tuberculosis control programs. Patients on ATT may develop treatment failure due to diverse reasons including emergence of drug resistance in the host during the course of therapy. Monitoring the timely response to treatment in such cases has a significant role in rapid identification of drug resistant strains and institution of change of regimen to further decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. Furthermore, availability of faster surrogate end points to assess treatment efficacy, disease activity, cure, and relapse is one of the crucial requirements for undertaking innovative clinical trials related to TB. The article presents here the compilation of currently available methods for monitoring the treatment response in pulmonary as well as extrapulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwala N Gaikwad
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, G. E. Road, Tatibandh, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492099, India.
| | - Nitin R Gaikwad
- Additional Professor, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, G.E. Road, Tatibandh, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492099, India
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23
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Nurwidya F, Handayani D, Burhan E, Yunus F. Molecular Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Chonnam Med J 2018; 54:1-9. [PMID: 29399559 PMCID: PMC5794472 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2018.54.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of adult death in the Asia-Pacific Region, including Indonesia. As an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), TB remains a major public health issue especially in developing nations due to the lack of adequate diagnostic testing facilities. Diagnosis of TB has entered an era of molecular detection that provides faster and more cost-effective methods to diagnose and confirm drug resistance in TB cases, meanwhile, diagnosis by conventional culture systems requires several weeks. New advances in the molecular detection of TB, including the faster and simpler nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), have resulted in a shorter time for diagnosis and, therefore, faster TB treatments. In this review, we explored the current findings on molecular diagnosis of TB and drug-resistant TB to see how this advancement could be integrated into public health systems in order to control TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diah Handayani
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Erlina Burhan
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Faisal Yunus
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Goyal V, Kadam V, Narang P, Singh V. Prevalence of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in India: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:817. [PMID: 29041901 PMCID: PMC5645895 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a significant public health issue that considerably deters the ongoing TB control efforts in India. The purpose of this review was to investigate the prevalence of DR-TB and understand the regional variation in resistance pattern across India from 1995 to 2015, based on a large body of published epidemiological studies. Methods A systematic review of published studies reporting prevalence of DR-TB from biomedical databases (PubMed and IndMed) was conducted. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects model and the pooled prevalence estimate (95% confidence interval [CI]) of DR-TB, multidrug resistant (MDR-) TB, pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) TB and XDR-TB were calculated across two study periods (decade 1: 1995 to 2005; decade 2: 2006 to 2015), countrywide and in different regions. Heterogeneity in this meta-analysis was assessed using I2 statistic. Results A total of 75 of 635 screened studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Over 40% of 45,076 isolates suspected for resistance to any first-line anti-TB drugs tested positive. Comparative analysis revealed a worsening trend in DR-TB between the two study decades (decade 1: 37.7% [95% CI = 29.0; 46.4], n = 25 vs decade 2: 46.1% [95% CI = 39.0; 53.2], n = 36). The pooled estimate of MDR-TB resistance was higher in previously treated patients (decade 1: 29.8% [95% CI = 20.7; 39.0], n = 13; decade 2: 35.8% [95% CI = 29.2; 42.4], n = 24) as compared with the newly diagnosed cases (decade 1: 4.1% [95% CI = 2.7; 5.6], n = 13; decade 2: 5.6% [95% CI = 3.8; 7.4], n = 17). Overall, studies from Western states of India reported highest prevalence of DR-TB (57.8% [95% CI = 37.4; 78.2], n = 6) and MDR-TB (39.9% [95% CI = 21.7; 58.0], n = 6) during decade 2. Prevalence of pre-XDR TB was 7.9% (95% CI = 4.4; 11.4, n = 5) with resistance to fluoroquinolone (66.3% [95% CI = 58.2; 74.4], n = 5) being the highest. The prevalence of XDR-TB was 1.9% (95% CI = 1.2; 2.6, n = 14) over the 20-year period. Conclusion The alarming increase in the trend of anti-TB drug resistance in India warrants the need for a structured nationwide surveillance to assist the National TB Control Program in strengthening treatment strategies for improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Goyal
- Medical Affairs, Janssen India, Johnson & Johnson Pvt Ltd., Arena Space, 8th floor, Off JVLR, Jogeshwari (E), Mumbai, 400060, India
| | - Vijay Kadam
- Medical Affairs, Janssen India, Johnson & Johnson Pvt Ltd., Arena Space, 8th floor, Off JVLR, Jogeshwari (E), Mumbai, 400060, India.
| | - Prashant Narang
- Medical Affairs, Janssen India, Johnson & Johnson Pvt Ltd., Arena Space, 8th floor, Off JVLR, Jogeshwari (E), Mumbai, 400060, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Medical Affairs, Janssen India, Johnson & Johnson Pvt Ltd., Arena Space, 8th floor, Off JVLR, Jogeshwari (E), Mumbai, 400060, India
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Kumar K, Giribhattanavar P, Sagar C, Patil S. A rapid and simple resazurin assay to detect minimum inhibitory concentrations of first-line drugs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 12:157-161. [PMID: 28964954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is a devastating manifestation of TB. The most common form of CNS-TB is tuberculous meningitis. Drug-resistant TB poses a major threat to the control of TB worldwide. Timely treatment dramatically improves the outcome. Colorimetric techniques for drug susceptibility testing based on the oxidation-reduction principle give results quick and are less expensive. The objectives of this study were to compare the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from cerebrospinal fluid to four first-line drugs using the MGIT automated mycobacterial detection system and the resazurin assay (RA) as well as to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by RA. METHODS A total of 42 M. tuberculosis isolates were analysed for their susceptibilities by MGIT and RA. RESULTS Of the 42 isolates, 35 gave concordant results with both methods. Agreement between the two tests for streptomycin and rifampicin was 100% with a Fleiss' kappa (κ) value of 1, whereas for isoniazid and ethambutol agreement was 92.86% and 90.48%, respectively, with κ values of 0.853 and 0.738. CONCLUSION The RA appears to be a good alternative to the automated MGIT technique in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Kumar
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Prashant Giribhattanavar
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Sagar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India.
| | - Shripad Patil
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India.
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Bhatnagar M, Sarkar N, Gandharv N, Apang O, Singh S, Ghosal S. Evaluation of antimycobacterial, leishmanicidal and antibacterial activity of three medicinal orchids of Arunachal Pradesh, India. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:379. [PMID: 28764749 PMCID: PMC5540558 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ethnic population of Arunachal Pradesh uses a number of orchids as such, or in decoction for various ailments. Three untapped orchids namely, Rhynchostylis retusa, Tropidia curculioides and Satyrium nepalense, traditionally used in tuberculosis, asthma and cold stage of malaria in folk medicine, were selected for the present study. METHODS Dried material of each plant was divided into three parts. Solvent extraction and fractionation afforded altogether 30 extracts and fractions, which were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv and MDR strain) for antimycobacterial activity; promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania donovani for leishmanicidal activity and two gram positive and three gram negative clinical isolates for antibacterial activity. RESULTS The most significant antimycobacterial activity was observed with n-hexane fraction of the flower of Satyrium nepalense with MIC of 15.7 μg/mL. The most promising leishmanicidal activity was observed with diethyl ether fraction of the roots of Rhynchostylis retusa with IC50 values of 56.04 and 18.4 μg/mL against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes respectively. Evaluation of antibacterial activity identified S. nepalense flower n-hexane and R. retusa roots diethyl ether as potential fractions with MIC values of ≤100 μg/mL against selected clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the plants possessing antimycobacterial and leishmanicidal activity. The investigation resulted in identification of S. nepalense as the most promising plant, which possessed all three activities in significant proportion. This laboratory outcome could be translated to marketable pharmaceutical products and also to produce maximum benefits to the local of nearby area. Antimycobacterial and leishmanicidal activity of medicinal orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Bhatnagar
- 0000 0004 1805 0217grid.444644.2Center for Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201303 India
| | - Nandan Sarkar
- 0000 0004 1805 0217grid.444644.2Center for Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201303 India
| | - Nigam Gandharv
- 0000 0004 1767 6103grid.413618.9Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Ona Apang
- Department of Environment & Forest, State Forest Research Institute, Van Vihar, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh 791111 India
| | - Sarman Singh
- 0000 0004 1767 6103grid.413618.9Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Sabari Ghosal
- 0000 0004 1805 0217grid.444644.2Center for Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201303 India
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Khan KM, Nahar L, Mannan A, Arfan M, Khan GA, Hobbs G, Sarker SD. Evaluation of resazurin microtiter plate assay and HPLC- photodiode array analysis of the roots of Asparagus adscendens. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:346-349. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1353509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Maqbool Khan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abdul Mannan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arfan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazanfar Ali Khan
- Department of Research and Development, Drug Regulatory Authority, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Glyn Hobbs
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Sakhaee F, Ghazanfari M, Ebrahimzadeh N, Vaziri F, Jamnani FR, Davari M, Gharibzadeh S, Mandjin FH, Fateh A, Siadat SD. A comparative study of phenotypic and genotypic first- and second-line drug resistance testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biologicals 2017; 49:33-38. [PMID: 28716625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of resistance to first- and second-line drugs using phenotypic and genotypic methods and its correlation with resistance-linked mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) isolated in Iran. Three different methods, including the indirect proportion method(PM), direct and indirect nitrate reductase assay(NRA), and direct sequencing were used to assess drug resistance. In this study, sensitivity, specificity, agreement, costs, and turnaround time of these methods were compared in 395 smear positive isolates. Compared to the PM, the NRA and the direct sequencing methods demonstrated higher specificity, sensitivity, and agreement for detection of all anti-tuberculosis drugs. The NRA had a short turnaround time and was more cost-effective than the other methods. Mutations in codon 531 in rpoB, 315 in katG, 18 in rpsL, and 306 in embB were associated with high-level resistance to the first-line drugs, and mutations in codon 94 in gyrA, and A1401G in rrs were correlated with resistance to the second-line drugs. We found that the NRA is a highly sensitive, specific, inexpensive, and rapid test with strong potential to be a useful and interesting alternative tool, particularly in low-income countries. In addition, these molecular data will be helpful for developing new molecular methods for detecting first- and second-line drug-resistant M. tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sakhaee
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghazanfari
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayereh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Davari
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoora Gharibzadeh
- Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hemati Mandjin
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 29:239-90. [PMID: 26912567 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00055-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular typing has revolutionized epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, including those of a mycobacterial etiology. With the advent of fingerprinting techniques, many traditional concepts regarding transmission, infectivity, or pathogenicity of mycobacterial bacilli have been revisited, and their conventional interpretations have been challenged. Since the mid-1990s, when the first typing methods were introduced, a plethora of other modalities have been proposed. So-called molecular epidemiology has become an essential subdiscipline of modern mycobacteriology. It serves as a resource for understanding the key issues in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Among these issues are disclosing sources of infection, quantifying recent transmission, identifying transmission links, discerning reinfection from relapse, tracking the geographic distribution and clonal expansion of specific strains, and exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying specific phenotypic traits, including virulence, organ tropism, transmissibility, or drug resistance. Since genotyping continues to unravel the biology of mycobacteria, it offers enormous promise in the fight against and prevention of the diseases caused by these pathogens. In this review, molecular typing methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria elaborated over the last 2 decades are summarized. The relevance of these methods to the epidemiological investigation, diagnosis, evolution, and control of mycobacterial diseases is discussed.
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Recent tuberculosis diagnosis toward the end TB strategy. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 123:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sethi D, Mahajan S, Singh C, Lama A, Hade MD, Gupta P, Dikshit KL. Lipoprotein LprI of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acts as a Lysozyme Inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2938-53. [PMID: 26589796 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.662593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis executes numerous defense strategies for the successful establishment of infection under a diverse array of challenges inside the host. One such strategy that has been delineated in this study is the abrogation of lytic activity of lysozyme by a novel glycosylated and surface-localized lipoprotein, LprI, which is exclusively present in M. tuberculosis complex. The lprI gene co-transcribes with the glbN gene (encoding hemoglobin (HbN)) and both are synchronously up-regulated in M. tuberculosis during macrophage infection. Recombinant LprI, expressed in Escherichia coli, exhibited strong binding (Kd ≤ 2 nm) with lysozyme and abrogated its lytic activity completely, thereby conferring protection to fluorescein-labeled Micrococcus lysodeikticus from lysozyme-mediated hydrolysis. Expression of the lprI gene in Mycobacterium smegmatis (8-10-fold) protected its growth from lysozyme inhibition in vitro and enhanced its phagocytosis and survival during intracellular infection of peritoneal and monocyte-derived macrophages, known to secrete lysozyme, and in the presence of exogenously added lysozyme in secondary cell lines where lysozyme levels are low. In contrast, the presence of HbN enhanced phagocytosis and intracellular survival of M. smegmatis only in the absence of lysozyme but not under lysozyme stress. Interestingly, co-expression of the glbN-lprI gene pair elevated the invasion and survival of M. smegmatis 2-3-fold in secondary cell lines in the presence of lysozyme in comparison with isogenic cells expressing these genes individually. Thus, specific advantage against macrophage-generated lysozyme, conferred by the combination of LprI-HbN during invasion of M. tuberculosis, may have vital implications on the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sethi
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Chaahat Singh
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Amrita Lama
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Mangesh Dattu Hade
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Kanak L Dikshit
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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In vitro antimycobacterial activity of six Cameroonian medicinal plants using microplate alamarBlue assay. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 4:306-11. [PMID: 26964813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND The latest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) (per 100,000 people) in Cameroon was 243.00 as of 2011. Over the past 21 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between 112.00 in 1990 and 320.00 in 2003. Worldwide, this incidence has also increased, bringing back TB as a reemerging disease. On the same note, resistance to anti-TB drugs has increased, urging the search for new molecules. METHODS This study was carried out to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of six medicinal plants on the virulent strain, H37Rv, using the microplate alamarBlue assay. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv strain) was incubated with decreased concentrations of six plant extracts, ranging from 250 μg/mL to 31.25 μg/mL. After 7 days of incubation at 37 °C, the effects of these plant extracts on the viability of the mycobacteria were evaluated. For each plant extract, the minimal inhibitory concentration was determined. RESULTS The results showed that the compounds MBC1, MBC24, MBC68, MBC81, MBC117, and MBC118 were the best candidates with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 62.5, and 125 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION These results confirm and validate the traditional use of these plants to treat respiratory diseases, which could be good sources and alternatives of plant metabolites for anti-TB-drug development.
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Coban AY, Akbal AU, Uzun M, Durupinar B. Evaluation of four colourimetric susceptibility tests for the rapid detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015. [PMID: 26222021 PMCID: PMC4569829 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate four rapid colourimetric methods, including
the resazurin microtitre assay (REMA), malachite green decolourisation assay (MGDA),
microplate nitrate reductase assay (MNRA) and crystal violet decolourisation assay
(CVDA), for the rapid detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis.
Fifty Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were used in this
study. Eighteen isolates were MDR, two isolates were only resistant to isoniazid
(INH) and the remaining isolates were susceptible to both INH and rifampicin (RIF).
INH and RIF were tested in 0.25 µg/mL and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively. The agar
proportion method was used as a reference method. MNRA and REMA were performed with
some modifications. MGDA and CVDA were performed as defined in the literature. The
agreements of the MNRA for INH and RIF were 96% and 94%, respectively, while the
agreement of the other assays for INH and RIF were 98%. In this study, while the
specificities of the REMA, MGDA and CVDA were 100%, the specificity of the MNRA was
lower than the others (93.3% for INH and 90.9% for RIF). In addition, while the
sensitivity of the MNRA was 100%, the sensitivities of the others were lower than
that of the MNRA (from 94.1-95%). The results were reported on the seventh-10th day
of the incubation. All methods are reliable, easy to perform, inexpensive and easy to
evaluate and do not require special equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yilmaz Coban
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School Samsun, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, TR
| | - Ahmet Ugur Akbal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School Samsun, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, TR
| | - Meltem Uzun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TR
| | - Belma Durupinar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School Samsun, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, TR
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Tsouh PVF, Addo P, Yeboah-Manu D, Boyom FF. Methods used in preclinical assessment of anti-Buruli ulcer agents: A global perspective. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 73:27-33. [PMID: 25792087 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans is the third most common chronic mycobacterial infection in humans. Approximately 5000 cases are reported annually from at least 33 countries around the globe, especially in rural African communities. Even though anti-mycobacterial therapy is often effective for early nodular or ulcerative lesions, surgery is sometimes employed for aiding wound healing and correction of deformities. The usefulness of the antibiotherapy nonetheless is challenged by huge restrictive factors such as high cost, surgical scars and loss of income due to loss of man-hours, and in some instances employment. For these reasons, more effective and safer drugs are urgently needed, and research programs into alternative therapeutics including investigation of natural products should be encouraged. There is the need for appropriate susceptibility testing methods for the evaluation of potency. A number of biological assay methodologies are in current use, ranging from the classical agar and broth dilution assay formats, to radiorespirometric, dye-based, and fluorescent/luminescence reporter assays. Mice, rats, armadillo, guinea pigs, monkeys, grass cutters and lizards have been suggested as animal models for Buruli ulcer. This review presents an overview of in vitro and in vivo susceptibility testing methods developed so far for the determination of anti-Buruli ulcer activity of natural products and derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Valere Fokou Tsouh
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana; Antimicrobial Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Phyllis Addo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Coban AY, Uzun M. Rapid detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the malachite green decolourisation assay. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 108:1021-3. [PMID: 24402143 PMCID: PMC4005540 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolates allows for earlier and more effective treatment of patients. The aim of this
study was to investigate the performance of the malachite green decolourisation assay
(MGDA) in detecting isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance in M.
tuberculosis clinical isolates. Fifty M. tuberculosis
isolates, including 19 multidrug-resistant, eight INH-resistant and 23 INH and
RIF-susceptible samples, were tested. The sensitivity, specificity, positive
predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and agreement of the assay
for INH were 92.5%, 91.3%, 92.5%, 91.3% and 92%, respectively. Similarly, the
sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and agreement of the assay for RIF were 94.7%,
100%, 100%, 96.8% and 98%, respectively. There was a major discrepancy in the tests
of two isolates, as they were sensitive to INH by the MGDA test, but resistant by the
reference method. There was a minor discrepancy in the tests of two additional
isolates, as they were sensitive to INH by the reference method, but resistant by the
MGDA test. The drug susceptibility test results were obtained within eight-nine days.
In conclusion, the MGDA test is a reliable and accurate method for the rapid
detection of INH and RIF resistance compared with the reference method and the MGDA
test additionally requires less time to obtain results.
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Antitubercular activity of quinolizidinyl/pyrrolizidinylalkyliminophenazines. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6837-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Coban AY, Deveci A, Sunter AT, Palomino JC, Martin A. Resazurin microtiter assay for isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin resistance detection in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Updated meta-analysis. Int J Mycobacteriol 2014; 3:230-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Katawera V, Siedner M, Boum Y. Evaluation of the modified colorimetric resazurin microtiter plate-based antibacterial assay for rapid and reliable tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:259. [PMID: 25287132 PMCID: PMC4192322 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The resazurin microtiter assay (classic REMA), a colorimetric liquid culture-based drug susceptibility assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), has been endorsed by the World Health Organization. The assay requires 8-16 days to obtain results, delaying management of drug resistant tuberculosis patients. A modified REMA which allows results in as little as 24 hours for bacterial strains, has been developed and validated using Staphylococcus aureus, but has not yet been evaluated for MTB. Therefore we assessed the performance of the modified REMA for rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) susceptibility, using the classic REMA as the reference standard. We also compared simplicity (from the technicians’ point of view), time taken to obtain results (rank-sum testing), specificity and Kappa statistics of the two methods. Results The modified REMA, which is a one-step procedure, was found to be simpler to perform and results were obtained in a significantly shorter time (5 versus 9 days, p < 0.0001) compared to the classic REMA due to addition of indicator and strain at the same time. The specificity of the modified REMA was low {46.8% (35.5% - 58.4%) for RIF and 13.9% (7.2% - 23.5%) for INH}. Kappa statistics were 16.0% for RIF and 2.0% for INH. Low specificity and kappa statistics are due to indicator reduction by the strains before complete drug activity. Conclusion Although modified REMA is faster and simpler compared to classic REMA, it is not reliable for MTB drug susceptibility testing.
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Palomino JC, Vandamme P, Martin A. Classical and new assays for detecting drug resistance in tuberculosis. Biomark Med 2014; 8:1105-14. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a public health concern worldwide. Particularly worrying is the emergence of severe forms of drug resistance, such as extensively drug resistant and totally drug resistant tuberculosis, with few treatment options for the afflicted patients. To avoid further spread of drug resistance, its early detection is extremely important. Conventional phenotypic procedures to detect drug resistance depended on the in vitro slow growth of the bacteria. More recent molecular approaches such as reverse-hybridization assays and real-time PCR tests have been introduced. Newer options proposed include, faster culture-based methods and whole-genome sequencing and nanotechnology. Not yet available is a real point-of-care test, applied directly in clinical samples and reliable enough for guiding a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Palomino
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Anandi Martin
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Yan Z, Yuen MF, Hu L, Sun P, Lee CS. Advances for the colorimetric detection of Hg2+in aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07930b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hernández Sarmiento JM, Martínez Negrete MA, Castrillón Velilla DM, Mejía Espinosa SA, Mejía Mesa GI, Zapata Fernández EM, Rojas Jiménez S, Marín Castro AE, Robledo Restrepo JA. Agar de capa delgada: Una opción costoefectiva para el diagnóstico rápido de tuberculosis multirresistente. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2014. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v16n1.31316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Chan B, Khadem TM, Brown J. A review of tuberculosis: Focus on bedaquiline. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2014; 70:1984-94. [PMID: 24173008 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp130199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The history and prevalence of tuberculosis and the role of bedaquiline in multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis are reviewed. SUMMARY Tuberculosis continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis are a significant concern and pose serious implications for current and future treatment of the disease. In December 2012, the Food and Drug Administration approved bedaquiline as part of the treatment regimen for pulmonary MDR tuberculosis. Bedaquiline's unique mechanism of action presents an alternative approach to current antimycobacterial killing. By directly inhibiting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, bedaquiline is effective against both replicating and dormant mycobacteria. Pulmonary cavitary lesions can contain heterogeneous populations. This potential mix of semireplicating and hypometabolic mycobacteria is more difficult to eliminate with conventional antitubercular drugs, thus increasing the risk of resistance. No in vitro cross-resistance between bedaquiline and currently available antitubercular agents has been observed thus far. Because bedaquiline targets a completely different enzyme, cross-resistance with other conventional agents remains unlikely. Enhanced sterilizing capacity via synergistic depletion of ATP further exhibits the promising potential of bedaquiline with pyrazinamide. A course of bedaquiline requires 24 weeks of therapy in combination with other antitubercular drugs. CONCLUSION The approval of bedaquiline represents a major milestone in MDR tuberculosis therapy. Bedaquiline should be considered in patients who have not responded to a regimen containing four second-line drugs and pyrazinamide and patients with documented evidence of MDR tuberculosis resistant to fluoroquinolones. The exact role of bedaquiline cannot be determined until further efficacy and safety data are obtained through ongoing Phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Chan
- Bonnie Chan, Pharm.D., is Assistant Professor of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA; at the time of writing she was Postgraduate Year 2 Infectious Diseases Pharmacy Resident, Department of Pharmacy, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY. Tina M. Khadem, Pharm.D., is Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher College, Rochester, and Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Pharmacy, URMC. Jack Brown, Pharm.D., M.S., is Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher College, and Adjunct Research Assistant Professor, Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, URMC
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Coban AY. A new rapid colourimetric method for testing Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to isoniazid and rifampicin: a crystal violet decolourisation assay. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:246-9. [PMID: 24676667 PMCID: PMC4015246 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a new and accurate method
for the detection of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance among
Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates using a crystal violet
decolourisation assay (CVDA). Fifty-five M. tuberculosis isolates
obtained from culture stocks stored at -80ºC were tested. After bacterial
inoculation, the samples were incubated at 37ºC for seven days and 100 µL of CV (25
mg/L stock solution) was then added to the control and sample tubes. The tubes were
incubated for an additional 24-48 h. CV (blue/purple) was decolourised in the
presence of bacterial growth; thus, if CV lost its colour in a sample containing a
drug, the tested isolate was reported as resistant. The sensitivity, specificity,
positive predictive value, negative predictive value and agreement for INH were
92.5%, 96.4%, 96.1%, 93.1% and 94.5%, respectively, and 88.8%, 100%, 100%, 94.8% and
96.3%, respectively, for RIF. The results were obtained within eight-nine days. This
study shows that CVDA is an effective method to detect M.
tuberculosis resistance to INH and RIF in developing countries. This
method is rapid, simple and inexpensive. Nonetheless, further studies are necessary
before routine laboratory implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yilmaz Coban
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Maltempe FG, Siqueira VLD, Cardoso RF. Fast detection of drug interaction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a checkerboard resazurin method. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:660-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gemechu A, Giday M, Worku A, Ameni G. In vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of selected medicinal plants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis strains. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:291. [PMID: 24168665 PMCID: PMC4228439 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a global burden with one –third of the world’s population infected with the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and annually 1.4 million deaths occur due to the disease. This high incidence of infection and the increased rate of multi-drug resistant and extensively-drug resistant strains of the organism further complicated the problem of TB control and have called for an urgent need to develop new anti-TB drugs from plants. In this study, the in vitro activity of root of Calpurnia aurea, seeds of Ocimum basilicum, leaves of Artemisia abyssinica, Croton macrostachyus, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis were evaluated against M. tuberculosis and M. bovis strains. Methods Five Ethiopian medicinal plants, root of Calpurnia aurea, seeds of Ocimum basilicum, leaves of Artemisia abyssinica, Croton macrostachyus, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis used locally for the management of TB. They were investigated for in vitro antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis and M. bovis strains. 80% methanolic extracts of the plant materials were obtained by maceration. The antimycobacterial activity was determined using 96 wells of microplate with the help of visual Resazurin Microtiter Assay. Results The crude 80% methanolic extracts of the root of C. aurea, seeds of O. basilicum, and leaves of A. abyssinica, C. macrostachyus, and E. camaldulensis had anti-mycobacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 6.25–100 μg/mL. The MIC of 80% methanol extracts in the order mentioned above ranged 25-100 μg/ml and 12.5-75 μg/mL, 25–100 μg/mL and 25–50 μg/mL, 6.25-50 μg/mL and 12.5-50 μg/mL, 12.5-100 μg/mL and 18.25-50 μg/mL and 6.25-50 μg/mL and 12.5-50 μg/mL, respectively for M. tuberculosis and M. bovis strains. Conclusions The results support the local use of these plants in the treatment of TB and it is suggested that these plants may have therapeutic value in the treatment of TB. However, further investigations are needed on isolating chemical constituents responsible for eliciting the observed activity in these plants.
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Evaluation of agar-based medium with sheep sera for testing of drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:4243-5. [PMID: 24131699 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01947-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of sheep sera instead of sheep blood in agar-based media was investigated for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against primary drugs. The levels of agreement between agar-based medium supplemented with sheep sera and the proportion method on Middlebrook 7H11 agar as the reference method for determining susceptibility to isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB), and streptomycin (STR) were 98.4, 98.4, 95.3, and 100%, respectively.
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Nitrate reductase assay for rapid detection of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 52:15-9. [PMID: 24131684 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01990-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorimetric phenotypic tests recently gained interest because traditional primary drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates takes a long time. We used meta-analysis techniques to review the reliability and accuracy of the nitrate reductase assay (NRA), which is one of the most popular colorimetric methods to detect resistance to first-line drugs. Medline, PubMed, ISI Web, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were used to search for studies enrolled in the meta-analysis. The analysis included 35 studies for isoniazid (INH), 38 for rifampin (RIF), and 22 for ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (STR). Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were applied to summarize diagnostic accuracy. The meta-analyses were performed by the use of Meta-DiSc software (version 1.4) and were focused on sensitivity and specificity values for measurements of accuracy. The pooled sensitivities were 96% for INH, 97% for RIF, 90% for EMB, and 82% for STR. The pooled specificities for INH, RIF, EMB, and STR were 99%, 100%, 98%, and 96%, respectively. The times required to obtain results were between 5 and 28 days by the direct NRA and between 5 and 14 days by the indirect test. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis showed that the NRA is a reliable low-cost rapid colorimetric susceptibility test that can be used for the detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, including detection of EMB resistance. However, the test appears to have a relatively low sensitivity for STR and needs further improvement.
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Arentz M, Sorensen B, Horne DJ, Walson JL. Systematic review of the performance of rapid rifampicin resistance testing for drug-resistant tuberculosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76533. [PMID: 24098523 PMCID: PMC3789679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapid tests for rifampicin resistance may be useful for identifying isolates at high risk of drug resistance, including multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). However, choice of diagnostic test and prevalence of rifampicin resistance may both impact a diagnostic strategy for identifying drug resistant-TB. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the performance of WHO-endorsed rapid tests for rifampicin resistance detection. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library through January 1, 2012. For each rapid test, we determined pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates using a hierarchical random effects model. Predictive values of the tests were determined at different prevalence rates of rifampicin resistance and MDR-TB. RESULTS We identified 60 publications involving six different tests (INNO-LiPA Rif. TB assay, Genotype MTBDR assay, Genotype MTBDRplus assay, Colorimetric Redox Indicator (CRI) assay, Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA) and MODS tests): for all tests, negative predictive values were high when rifampicin resistance prevalence was ≤ 30%. However, positive predictive values were considerably reduced for the INNO-LiPA Rif. TB assay, the MTBDRplus assay and MODS when rifampicin resistance prevalence was < 5%. LIMITATIONS In many studies, it was unclear whether patient selection or index test performance could have introduced bias. In addition, we were unable to evaluate critical concentration thresholds for the colorimetric tests. DISCUSSION Rapid tests for rifampicin resistance alone cannot accurately predict rifampicin resistance or MDR-TB in areas with a low prevalence of rifampicin resistance. However, in areas with a high prevalence of rifampicin resistance and MDR-TB, these tests may be a valuable component of an MDR-TB management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Arentz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bess Sorensen
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David J. Horne
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Judd L. Walson
- Departments of Global Health, Medicine, Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Martin A, Imperiale B, Ravolonandriana P, Coban AY, Akgunes A, Ikram A, Satti L, Odoun M, Pandey P, Mishra M, Affolabi D, Singh U, Rasolofo V, Morcillo N, Vandamme P, Palomino JC. Prospective multicentre evaluation of the direct nitrate reductase assay for the rapid detection of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:441-4. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Drobniewski F, Nikolayevskyy V, Maxeiner H, Balabanova Y, Casali N, Kontsevaya I, Ignatyeva O. Rapid diagnostics of tuberculosis and drug resistance in the industrialized world: clinical and public health benefits and barriers to implementation. BMC Med 2013; 11:190. [PMID: 23987891 PMCID: PMC3765611 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we give an overview of new technologies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and drug resistance, consider their advantages over existing methodologies, broad issues of cost, cost-effectiveness and programmatic implementation, and their clinical as well as public health impact, focusing on the industrialized world. Molecular nucleic-acid amplification diagnostic systems have high specificity for TB diagnosis (and rifampicin resistance) but sensitivity for TB detection is more variable. Nevertheless, it is possible to diagnose TB and rifampicin resistance within a day and commercial automated systems make this possible with minimal training. Although studies are limited, these systems appear to be cost-effective. Most of these tools are of value clinically and for public health use. For example, whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis offers a powerful new approach to the identification of drug resistance and to map transmission at a community and population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Drobniewski
- Public Health England National Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, 2 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
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