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Gafurova CR, Tsentsevitsky AN, Fedorov NS, Khaziev AN, Malomouzh AI, Petrov AM. β2-Adrenergic Regulation of the Neuromuscular Transmission and Its Lipid-Dependent Switch. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6805-6821. [PMID: 38353924 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
β2-Adrenoceptors (β2-ARs) are the most abundant subtype of adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscles. Their activation via a stabilization of postsynaptic architecture has beneficial effects in certain models of neuromuscular disorders. However, the ability of β2-ARs to regulate neuromuscular transmission at the presynaptic level is poorly understood. Using electrophysiological recordings and fluorescent FM dyes, we found that β2-AR activation with fenoterol enhanced an involvement of synaptic vesicles in exocytosis and neurotransmitter release during intense activity at the neuromuscular junctions of mouse diaphragm. This was accompanied by an improvement of contractile responses to phrenic nerve stimulation (but not direct stimulation of the muscle fibers) at moderate-to-high frequencies. β2-ARs mainly reside in lipid microdomains enriched with cholesterol and sphingomyelin. The latter is hydrolyzed by sphingomyelinases, whose upregulation occurs in many conditions characterized by muscle atrophy and sympathetic nerve hyperactivity. Sphingomyelinase treatment reversed the effects of β2-AR agonist on the neurotransmitter release and synaptic vesicle recruitment to the exocytosis during intense activity. Inhibition of Gi protein with pertussis toxin completely prevented the sphingomyelinase-mediated inversion in the β2-AR agonist action. Note that lipid raft disrupting enzyme cholesterol oxidase had the same effect on β2-AR agonist-mediated changes in neurotransmission as sphingomyelinase. Thus, β2-AR agonist fenoterol augmented recruitment and release of synaptic vesicles during intense activity in the diaphragm neuromuscular junctions. Sphingomyelin hydrolysis inversed the effects of β2-AR agonist on neurotransmission probably via switching to Gi protein-dependent signaling. This phenomenon may reflect a dependence of the β2-AR signaling on lipid raft integrity in the neuromuscular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulpan R Gafurova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
| | - Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111
| | - Nikita S Fedorov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111
| | - Arthur N Khaziev
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111
| | - Artem I Malomouzh
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111
- Kazan National Research Technical University, 10, K. Marx St., Kazan, Russia, 420111
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111.
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012.
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Russia, 420008.
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Boudries R, Williams H, Paquereau-Gaboreau S, Bashir S, Hojjat Jodaylami M, Chisanga M, Trudeau LÉ, Masson JF. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanosensing and Imaging in Neuroscience. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22620-22647. [PMID: 39088751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring neurochemicals and imaging the molecular content of brain tissues in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo is essential for enhancing our understanding of neurochemistry and the causes of brain disorders. This review explores the potential applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensors in neurosciences, where their adoption could lead to significant progress in the field. These applications encompass detecting neurotransmitters or brain disorders biomarkers in biofluids with SERS nanosensors, and imaging normal and pathological brain tissues with SERS labeling. Specific studies highlighting in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analysis of brain disorders using fit-for-purpose SERS nanosensors will be detailed, with an emphasis on the ability of SERS to detect clinically pertinent levels of neurochemicals. Recent advancements in designing SERS-active nanomaterials, improving experimentation in biofluids, and increasing the usage of machine learning for interpreting SERS spectra will also be discussed. Furthermore, we will address the tagging of tissues presenting pathologies with nanoparticles for SERS imaging, a burgeoning domain of neuroscience that has been demonstrated to be effective in guiding tumor removal during brain surgery. The review also explores future research applications for SERS nanosensors in neuroscience, including monitoring neurochemistry in vivo with greater penetration using surface-enhanced spatially offset Raman scattering (SESORS), near-infrared lasers, and 2-photon techniques. The article concludes by discussing the potential of SERS for investigating the effectiveness of therapies for brain disorders and for integrating conventional neurochemistry techniques with SERS sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Boudries
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hannah Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Soraya Paquereau-Gaboreau
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Saba Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maryam Hojjat Jodaylami
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Malama Chisanga
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Giniatullin AR, Mukhutdinova KA, Petrov AM. Mechanism of Purinergic Regulation of Neurotransmission in Mouse Neuromuscular Junction: The Role of Redox Signaling and Lipid Rafts. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2021-2037. [PMID: 38814360 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter at the vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). ACh exocytosis is precisely modulated by co-transmitter ATP and its metabolites. It is assumed that ATP/ADP effects on ACh release rely on activation of presynaptic Gi protein-coupled P2Y13 receptors. However, downstream signaling mechanism of ATP/ADP-mediated modulation of neuromuscular transmission remains elusive. Using microelectrode recording and fluorescent indicators, the mechanism underlying purinergic regulation was studied in the mouse diaphragm NMJs. Pharmacological stimulation of purinoceptors with ADP decreased synaptic vesicle exocytosis evoked by both low and higher frequency stimulation. This inhibitory action was suppressed by antagonists of P2Y13 receptors (MRS 2211), Ca2+ mobilization (TMB8), protein kinase C (chelerythrine) and NADPH oxidase (VAS2870) as well as antioxidants. This suggests the participation of Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ADP-triggered signaling. Indeed, ADP caused an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ with subsequent elevation of ROS levels. The elevation of [Ca2+]in was blocked by MRS 2211 and TMB8, whereas upregulation of ROS was prevented by pertussis toxin (inhibitor of Gi protein) and VAS2870. Targeting the main components of lipid rafts, cholesterol and sphingomyelin, suppressed P2Y13 receptor-dependent attenuation of exocytosis and ADP-induced enhancement of ROS production. Inhibition of P2Y13 receptors decreased ROS production and increased the rate of exocytosis during intense activity. Thus, suppression of neuromuscular transmission by exogenous ADP or endogenous ATP can rely on P2Y13 receptor/Gi protein/Ca2+/protein kinase C/NADPH oxidase/ROS signaling, which is coordinated in a lipid raft-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamilla A Mukhutdinova
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012.
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111.
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan, Russia, 420008.
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Kamikawa T, Hashimoto A, Yamazaki N, Adachi J, Matsushima A, Kikuchi K, Hori Y. Bioisostere-conjugated fluorescent probes for live-cell protein imaging without non-specific organelle accumulation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8097-8105. [PMID: 38817570 PMCID: PMC11134342 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06957e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Specific labeling of proteins using membrane-permeable fluorescent probes is a powerful technique for bioimaging. Cationic fluorescent dyes with high fluorescence quantum yield, photostability, and water solubility provide highly useful scaffolds for protein-labeling probes. However, cationic probes generally show undesired accumulation in organelles, which causes a false-positive signal in localization analysis. Herein, we report a design strategy for probes that suppress undesired organelle accumulation using a bioisostere for intracellular protein imaging in living cells. Our design allows the protein labeling probes to possess both membrane permeability and suppress non-specific accumulation and has been shown to use several protein labeling systems, such as PYP-tag and Halo tag systems. We further developed a fluorogenic PYP-tag labeling probe for intracellular proteins and used it to visualize multiple localizations of target proteins in the intracellular system. Our strategy offers a versatile design for undesired accumulation-suppressed probes with cationic dye scaffolds and provides a valuable tool for intracellular protein imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kamikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Akari Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Nozomi Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Junya Adachi
- Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ayami Matsushima
- Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hori
- Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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Liang CC, Chen PY, Liu NC, Lee IC. Comparison between dynamic versus static models and real-time monitoring of neuronal dysfunction in an amyloid-β induced neuronal toxic model on a chip platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1887-1902. [PMID: 38414410 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00507k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidics-based organs-on-a-chip offer a promising method for dynamic and 3-dimensional (3D) cell culture to evaluate the cell behaviors within the biomimetic environment. The purpose of this study was to establish neural network connections in a 3D neural stem cell (NSC)-based system with an interstitial level of flow for simulating the brain microenvironment toward a dynamic amyloid-β (Aβ) induced neuronal toxic model on a chip and to compare the biological effects and neurite dysfunction between static and dynamic systems. The brain-on-a-chip system consisted of an impedance analyzing layer, a structured well with a connected channel, and an interface coating with polypeptide films fabricated with modification based on our previous study. The cytotoxicity and percentage of neuron/astrocyte differentiation were all compared in both static and dynamic brain-on-a-chip systems. Reactive oxygen species production, neuron marker expression and neurotransmitter-acetylcholine release were all compared to evaluate functional neurite losses in both static and dynamic systems with/without Aβ addition. Moreover, real-time impedance recording was used to consecutively monitor the neurite connection/disconnection in both static and dynamic brain-on-a-chip systems. The NSC-based dynamic brain-on-a-chip may enable the application of different neurodegenerative disease in vitro models for pathogenesis studies, drug discovery and novel therapeutic method development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chun Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Nien-Che Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
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Molinari M, Lieberman OJ, Sulzer D, Santini E, Borgkvist A. 5-HT1B receptors mediate dopaminergic inhibition of vesicular fusion and GABA release from striatonigral synapses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.584991. [PMID: 38559006 PMCID: PMC10980074 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.584991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), a crucial basal ganglia output nucleus, contains a dense expression of dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs), along with dendrites belonging to dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta. These D1Rs are primarily located on the terminals of striatonigral medium spiny neurons, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of neurotransmitter release from the direct pathway in response to somatodendritic dopamine release. To explore the hypothesis that D1Rs modulate GABA release from striatonigral synapses, we conducted optical recordings of striatonigral activity and postsynaptic patch-clamp recordings from SNr neurons in the presence of dopamine and D1R agonists. We found that dopamine inhibits optogenetically triggered striatonigral GABA release by modulating vesicle fusion and Ca 2+ influx in striatonigral boutons. Notably, the effect of DA was independent of D1R activity but required activation of 5-HT1B receptors. Our results suggest a serotonergic mechanism involved in the therapeutic actions of dopaminergic medications for Parkinson's disease and psychostimulant-related disorders.
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Wallace JN, Crockford ZC, Román-Vendrell C, Brady EB, Hoffmann C, Vargas KJ, Potcoava M, Wegman ME, Alford ST, Milovanovic D, Morgan JR. Excess phosphoserine-129 α-synuclein induces synaptic vesicle trafficking and declustering defects at a vertebrate synapse. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar10. [PMID: 37991902 PMCID: PMC10881165 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-07-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a presynaptic protein that regulates synaptic vesicle (SV) trafficking. In Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), α-synuclein aberrantly accumulates throughout neurons, including at synapses. During neuronal activity, α-synuclein is reversibly phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129). While pS129 comprises ∼4% of total α-synuclein under physiological conditions, it dramatically increases in PD and DLB brains. The impacts of excess pS129 on synaptic function are currently unknown. We show here that compared with wild-type (WT) α-synuclein, pS129 exhibits increased binding and oligomerization on synaptic membranes and enhanced vesicle "microclustering" in vitro. Moreover, when acutely injected into lamprey reticulospinal axons, excess pS129 α-synuclein robustly localized to synapses and disrupted SV trafficking in an activity-dependent manner, as assessed by ultrastructural analysis. Specifically, pS129 caused a declustering and dispersion of SVs away from the synaptic vicinity, leading to a significant loss of total synaptic membrane. Live imaging further revealed altered SV cycling, as well as microclusters of recently endocytosed SVs moving away from synapses. Thus, excess pS129 caused an activity-dependent inhibition of SV trafficking via altered vesicle clustering/reclustering. This work suggests that accumulation of pS129 at synapses in diseases like PD and DLB could have profound effects on SV dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily B. Brady
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, and
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karina J. Vargas
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, and
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Mariana Potcoava
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Simon T. Alford
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Coleman WL, McCartney LE. GABA has a presynaptic inhibitory effect at Lumbricus terrestris body wall muscle synapses. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.001055. [PMID: 38107026 PMCID: PMC10722302 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Earthworm body wall muscle synapses have been suggested to contain both excitatory and inhibitory inputs, and therefore allow for investigation of excitatory/inhibitory signaling in an easily accessible model system. While previous studies have focused on postsynaptic GABAergic inhibitory mechanisms, this study investigated the hypothesis that GABAergic signaling also has presynaptic inhibitory function. This hypothesis was tested by loading synaptogreen C4 dye (also called FM1-43) into presynaptic vesicles in the presence of GABA at Lumbricus terrestris longitudinal muscle synapses. GABA treatment significantly reduced the fluorescence intensity observed at these synapses, suggesting that GABAergic signaling does indeed have a presynaptic inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L. Coleman
- Biology, Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania- Bloomsburg. Bloomsburg, PA, USA
| | - Leah E. McCartney
- Biology, Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania- Bloomsburg. Bloomsburg, PA, USA
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Pati E, Franceschi Biagioni A, Casani R, Lozano N, Kostarelos K, Cellot G, Ballerini L. Delivery of graphene oxide nanosheets modulates glutamate release and normalizes amygdala synaptic plasticity to improve anxiety-related behavior. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18581-18591. [PMID: 37955642 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04490d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) were reported to alter neurobiological processes involving cell membrane dynamics. GO ability to reversibly downregulate specifically glutamatergic synapses underpins their potential in future neurotherapeutic developments. Aberrant glutamate plasticity contributes to stress-related psychopathology and drugs which target dysregulated glutamate represent promising treatments. We find that in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a single injection of GO to the lateral amygdala following the stressful event induced PTSD-related behavior remission and reduced dendritic spine densities. We explored from a mechanistic perspective how GO could impair glutamate synaptic plasticity. By simultaneous patch clamp pair recordings of unitary synaptic currents, live-imaging of presynaptic vesicle release and confocal microscopy, we report that GO nanosheets altered the probability of release enhancing the extinction of synaptic plasticity in the amygdala. These findings show that the modulation of presynaptic glutamate release might represent an unexplored target for (nano)pharmacological interventions of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pati
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Raffaele Casani
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Neus Lozano
- Nanomedicine Lab Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomedicine Lab, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Giada Cellot
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Laura Ballerini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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10
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Cheng CY, Romero DP, Zoltner M, Yao MC, Turkewitz AP. Structure and dynamics of the contractile vacuole complex in Tetrahymena thermophila. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261511. [PMID: 37902010 PMCID: PMC10729820 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The contractile vacuole complex (CVC) is a dynamic and morphologically complex membrane organelle, comprising a large vesicle (bladder) linked with a tubular reticulum (spongiome). CVCs provide key osmoregulatory roles across diverse eukaryotic lineages, but probing the mechanisms underlying their structure and function is hampered by the limited tools available for in vivo analysis. In the experimentally tractable ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, we describe four proteins that, as endogenously tagged constructs, localize specifically to distinct CVC zones. The DOPEY homolog Dop1p and the CORVET subunit Vps8Dp localize both to the bladder and spongiome but with different local distributions that are sensitive to osmotic perturbation, whereas the lipid scramblase Scr7p colocalizes with Vps8Dp. The H+-ATPase subunit Vma4 is spongiome specific. The live imaging permitted by these probes revealed dynamics at multiple scales including rapid exchange of CVC-localized and soluble protein pools versus lateral diffusion in the spongiome, spongiome extension and branching, and CVC formation during mitosis. Although the association with DOP1 and VPS8D implicate the CVC in endosomal trafficking, both the bladder and spongiome might be isolated from bulk endocytic input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yin Cheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniel P. Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Martin Zoltner
- Biotechnology Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Meng-Chao Yao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Aaron P. Turkewitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Pisciottani A, Croci L, Lauria F, Marullo C, Savino E, Ambrosi A, Podini P, Marchioretto M, Casoni F, Cremona O, Taverna S, Quattrini A, Cioni JM, Viero G, Codazzi F, Consalez GG. Neuronal models of TDP-43 proteinopathy display reduced axonal translation, increased oxidative stress, and defective exocytosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1253543. [PMID: 38026702 PMCID: PMC10679756 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1253543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal neurodegenerative disease mostly affecting people around 50-60 years of age. TDP-43, an RNA-binding protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing and controlling mRNA stability and translation, forms neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in an overwhelming majority of ALS patients, a phenomenon referred to as TDP-43 proteinopathy. These cytoplasmic aggregates disrupt mRNA transport and localization. The axon, like dendrites, is a site of mRNA translation, permitting the local synthesis of selected proteins. This is especially relevant in upper and lower motor neurons, whose axon spans long distances, likely accentuating their susceptibility to ALS-related noxae. In this work we have generated and characterized two cellular models, consisting of virtually pure populations of primary mouse cortical neurons expressing a human TDP-43 fusion protein, wt or carrying an ALS mutation. Both forms facilitate cytoplasmic aggregate formation, unlike the corresponding native proteins, giving rise to bona fide primary culture models of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Neurons expressing TDP-43 fusion proteins exhibit a global impairment in axonal protein synthesis, an increase in oxidative stress, and defects in presynaptic function and electrical activity. These changes correlate with deregulation of axonal levels of polysome-engaged mRNAs playing relevant roles in the same processes. Our data support the emerging notion that deregulation of mRNA metabolism and of axonal mRNA transport may trigger the dying-back neuropathy that initiates motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pisciottani
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Croci
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR Unit at Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Chiara Marullo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Savino
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Podini
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Casoni
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Taverna
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Michel Cioni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Franca Codazzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Giacomo Consalez
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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12
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Zakirjanova GF, Giniatullin AR, Gafurova CR, Malomouzh AI, Fedorov NS, Khaziev AN, Tsentsevitsky AN, Petrov AM. Effects of cholesterol oxidase on neurotransmission and acetylcholine levels at the mice neuromuscular junctions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 749:109803. [PMID: 37955112 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane cholesterol oxidation is a hallmark of redox and metabolic imbalance, and it may accompany neurodegenerative disorders. Using microelectrode recordings of postsynaptic responses as well as fluorescent dyes for monitoring synaptic vesicle cycling and membrane properties, the action of enzymatic cholesterol oxidation on neuromuscular transmission was studied in the mice diaphragms. Cholesterol oxidase (ChO) at low concentration disturbed lipid-ordering specifically in the synaptic membranes, but it did not change markedly spontaneous exocytosis and evoked release in response to single stimuli. At low external Ca2+ conditions, analysis of single exocytotic events revealed a decrease in minimal synaptic delay and the probability of exocytosis upon plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation. At moderate- and high-frequency activity, ChO treatment enhanced both neurotransmitter and FM-dye release. Furthermore, it precluded a change in exocytotic mode from full-fusion to kiss-and-run during high-frequency stimulation. Accumulation of extracellular acetylcholine (without stimulation) dependent on vesamicol-sensitive transporters was suppressed by ChO. The effects of plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation on both neurotransmitter/dye release at intense activity and external acetylcholine levels were reversed when synaptic vesicle membranes were also exposed to ChO (i.e., the enzyme treatment was combined with induction of exo-endocytotic cycling). Thus, we suggest that plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation affects exocytotic machinery functioning, enhances synaptic vesicle recruitment to the exocytosis and decreases extracellular neurotransmitter levels at rest, whereas ChO acting on synaptic vesicle membranes suppresses the participation of the vesicles in the subsequent exocytosis and increases the neurotransmitter leakage. The mechanisms underlying ChO action can be related to the lipid raft disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzalia F Zakirjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia
| | - Arthur R Giniatullin
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia
| | - Chulpan R Gafurova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia
| | - Artem I Malomouzh
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan National Research Technical University, 10, K. Marx Street, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Nikita S Fedorov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia
| | - Arthur N Khaziev
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia
| | - Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, RT, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012, RT, Russia; Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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13
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Derudas M, O’Reilly M, Kirkwood NK, Kenyon EJ, Grimsey S, Kitcher SR, Workman S, Bull JC, Ward SE, Kros CJ, Richardson GP. Charge and lipophilicity are required for effective block of the hair-cell mechano-electrical transducer channel by FM1-43 and its derivatives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1247324. [PMID: 37900280 PMCID: PMC10601989 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1247324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The styryl dye FM1-43 is widely used to study endocytosis but behaves as a permeant blocker of the mechano-electrical transducer (MET) channel in sensory hair cells, loading rapidly and specifically into the cytoplasm of hair cells in a MET channel-dependent manner. Patch clamp recordings of mouse outer hair cells (OHCs) were used to determine how a series of structural modifications of FM1-43 affect MET channel block. Fluorescence microscopy was used to assess how the modifications influence hair-cell loading in mouse cochlear cultures and zebrafish neuromasts. Cochlear cultures were also used to evaluate otoprotective potential of the modified FM1-43 derivatives. Structure-activity relationships reveal that the lipophilic tail and the cationic head group of FM1-43 are both required for MET channel block in mouse cochlear OHCs; neither moiety alone is sufficient. The extent of MET channel block is augmented by increasing the lipophilicity/bulkiness of the tail, by reducing the number of positive charges in the head group from two to one, or by increasing the distance between the two charged head groups. Loading assays with zebrafish neuromasts and mouse cochlear cultures are broadly in accordance with these observations but reveal a loss of hair-cell specific labelling with increasing lipophilicity. Although FM1-43 and many of its derivatives are generally cytotoxic when tested on cochlear cultures in the presence of an equimolar concentration of the ototoxic antibiotic gentamicin (5 µM), at a 10-fold lower concentration (0.5 µM), two of the derivatives protect OHCs from cell death caused by 48 h-exposure to 5 µM gentamicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Derudas
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Molly O’Reilly
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nerissa K. Kirkwood
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Kenyon
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Sybil Grimsey
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Siân R. Kitcher
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Section on Neuronal Circuitry, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shawna Workman
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - James C. Bull
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Ward
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Corné J. Kros
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Guy P. Richardson
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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14
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Li W, Yan S, Li C, Ma K, Hu M, Du C, Fu L, Sun J, Zhang CX. Synaptotagmin-11 Inhibits Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis via Endophilin A1. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6230-6248. [PMID: 37474308 PMCID: PMC10490507 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1348-21.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle (SV) endocytosis is a critical and well-regulated process for the maintenance of neurotransmission. We previously reported that synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11), an essential non-Ca2+-binding Syt associated with brain diseases, inhibits neuronal endocytosis (Wang et al., 2016). Here, we found that Syt11 deficiency caused accelerated SV endocytosis and vesicle recycling under sustained stimulation and led to the abnormal membrane partition of synaptic proteins in mouse hippocampal boutons of either sex. Furthermore, our study revealed that Syt11 has direct but Ca2+-independent binding with endophilin A1 (EndoA1), a membrane curvature sensor and endocytic protein recruiter, with high affinity. EndoA1-knockdown significantly reversed Syt11-KO phenotype, identifying EndoA1 as a main inhibitory target of Syt11 during SV endocytosis. The N-terminus of EndoA1 and the C2B domain of Syt11 were responsible for this interaction. A peptide (amino acids 314-336) derived from the Syt11 C2B efficiently blocked Syt11-EndoA1 binding both in vitro and in vivo Application of this peptide inhibited SV endocytosis in WT hippocampal neurons but not in EndoA1-knockdown neurons. Moreover, intracellular application of this peptide in mouse calyx of Held terminals of either sex effectively hampered both fast and slow SV endocytosis at physiological temperature. We thus propose that Syt11 ensures the precision of protein retrieval during SV endocytosis by inhibiting EndoA1 function at neuronal terminals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Endocytosis is a key stage of synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling. SV endocytosis retrieves vesicular membrane and protein components precisely to support sustained neurotransmission. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of SV endocytosis remain elusive. Here, we reported that Syt11-KO accelerated SV endocytosis and impaired membrane partition of synaptic proteins. EndoA1 was identified as a main inhibitory target of Syt11 during SV endocytosis. Our study reveals a novel inhibitory mechanism of SV endocytosis in preventing hyperactivation of endocytosis, potentially safeguarding the recycling of synaptic proteins during sustained neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Wang
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wanru Li
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shuxin Yan
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kunpeng Ma
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Meiqin Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Cuilian Du
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jianyuan Sun
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Claire Xi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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15
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Ramsay HJ, Gookin SE, Ramsey AM, Kareemo DJ, Crosby KC, Stich DG, Olah SS, Actor-Engel HS, Smith KR, Kennedy MJ. AMPA and GABAA receptor nanodomains assemble in the absence of synaptic neurotransmitter release. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1232795. [PMID: 37602191 PMCID: PMC10435253 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1232795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors and their associated scaffolding proteins assemble into discrete, nanometer-scale subsynaptic domains (SSDs) within the postsynaptic membrane at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Intriguingly, postsynaptic receptor SSDs are mirrored by closely apposed presynaptic active zones. These trans-synaptic molecular assemblies are thought to be important for efficient neurotransmission because they concentrate postsynaptic receptors near sites of presynaptic neurotransmitter release. While previous studies have characterized the role of synaptic activity in sculpting the number, size, and distribution of postsynaptic SSDs at established synapses, it remains unknown whether neurotransmitter signaling is required for their initial assembly during synapse development. Here, we evaluated synaptic nano-architecture under conditions where presynaptic neurotransmitter release was blocked prior to, and throughout synaptogenesis with tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT). In agreement with previous work, neurotransmitter release was not required for the formation of excitatory or inhibitory synapses. The overall size of the postsynaptic specialization at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses was reduced at chronically silenced synapses. However, both AMPARs and GABAARs still coalesced into SSDs, along with their respective scaffold proteins. Presynaptic active zone assemblies, defined by RIM1, were smaller and more numerous at silenced synapses, but maintained alignment with postsynaptic AMPAR SSDs. Thus, basic features of synaptic nano-architecture, including assembly of receptors and scaffolds into trans-synaptically aligned structures, are intrinsic properties that can be further regulated by subsequent activity-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J. Ramsay
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sara E. Gookin
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Austin M. Ramsey
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dean J. Kareemo
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kevin C. Crosby
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dominik G. Stich
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Advanced Light Microscopy Core, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samantha S. Olah
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hannah S. Actor-Engel
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Katharine R. Smith
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew J. Kennedy
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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16
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Tsentsevitsky AN, Gafurova CR, Mukhutdinova KA, Giniatullin AR, Fedorov NS, Malomouzh AI, Petrov AM. Sphingomyelinase modulates synaptic vesicle mobilization at the mice neuromuscular junctions. Life Sci 2023; 318:121507. [PMID: 36801470 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sphingomyelin is an abundant component of the presynaptic membrane and an organizer of lipid rafts. In several pathological conditions, sphingomyelin is hydrolyzed due to an upregulation and release of secretory sphingomyelinases (SMases). Herein, the effects of SMase on exocytotic neurotransmitter release were studied in the diaphragm neuromuscular junctions of mice. MAIN METHODS Microelectrode recordings of postsynaptic potentials and styryl (FM) dyes were used to estimate neuromuscular transmission. Membrane properties were assessed with fluorescent techniques. KEY FINDINGS Application of SMase at a low concentration (0.01 U ml-1) led to a disruption of lipid-packing in the synaptic membranes. Neither spontaneous exocytosis nor evoked neurotransmitter release (in response to single stimuli) were affected by SMase treatment. However, SMase significantly increased neurotransmitter release and the rate of fluorescent FM-dye loss from the synaptic vesicles at 10, 20 and 70 Hz stimulation of the motor nerve. In addition, SMase treatment prevented a shift of the exocytotic mode from "full-collapse" fusion to "kiss-and-run" during high-frequency (70 Hz) activity. The potentiating effects of SMase on neurotransmitter release and FM-dye unloading were suppressed when synaptic vesicle membranes were also exposed to this enzyme (i.e., stimulation occurred during SMase treatment). SIGNIFICANCE Thus, hydrolysis of the plasma membrane sphingomyelin can enhance mobilization of synaptic vesicles and facilitate full fusion mode of exocytosis, but SMase acting on vesicular membrane had a depressant effect on the neurotransmission. Partially, the effects of SMase can be related with the changes in synaptic membrane properties and intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Box 30, Kazan, RT 420111, Russia
| | - Chulpan R Gafurova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Box 30, Kazan, RT 420111, Russia
| | - Kamilla A Mukhutdinova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Box 30, Kazan, RT 420111, Russia
| | - Arthur R Giniatullin
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Box 30, Kazan, RT 420111, Russia; Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, RT 420012, Russia
| | - Nikita S Fedorov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Box 30, Kazan, RT 420111, Russia
| | - Artem I Malomouzh
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Box 30, Kazan, RT 420111, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Box 30, Kazan, RT 420111, Russia; Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, RT 420012, Russia.
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17
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Mencel ML, Bittner GD. Repair of traumatic lesions to the plasmalemma of neurons and other cells: Commonalities, conflicts, and controversies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114779. [PMID: 37008019 PMCID: PMC10050709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscientists and Cell Biologists have known for many decades that eukaryotic cells, including neurons, are surrounded by a plasmalemma/axolemma consisting of a phospholipid bilayer that regulates trans-membrane diffusion of ions (including calcium) and other substances. Cells often incur plasmalemmal damage via traumatic injury and various diseases. If the damaged plasmalemma is not rapidly repaired within minutes, activation of apoptotic pathways by calcium influx often results in cell death. We review publications reporting what is less-well known (and not yet covered in neuroscience or cell biology textbooks): that calcium influx at the lesion sites ranging from small nm-sized holes to complete axonal transection activates parallel biochemical pathways that induce vesicles/membrane-bound structures to migrate and interact to restore original barrier properties and eventual reestablishment of the plasmalemma. We assess the reliability of, and problems with, various measures (e.g., membrane voltage, input resistance, current flow, tracer dyes, confocal microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy) used individually and in combination to assess plasmalemmal sealing in various cell types (e.g., invertebrate giant axons, oocytes, hippocampal and other mammalian neurons). We identify controversies such as plug versus patch hypotheses that attempt to account for currently available data on the subcellular mechanisms of plasmalemmal repair/sealing. We describe current research gaps and potential future developments, such as much more extensive correlations of biochemical/biophysical measures with sub-cellular micromorphology. We compare and contrast naturally occurring sealing with recently-discovered artificially-induced plasmalemmal sealing by polyethylene glycol (PEG) that bypasses all natural pathways for membrane repair. We assess other recent developments such as adaptive membrane responses in neighboring cells following injury to an adjacent cell. Finally, we speculate how a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in natural and artificial plasmalemmal sealing is needed to develop better clinical treatments for muscular dystrophies, stroke and other ischemic conditions, and various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshal L. Mencel
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - George D. Bittner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: George D. Bittner,
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18
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Dmitrieva SA, Vologin SG, Tsentsevitsky AN, Arkhipov AY, Khuzakhmetova VF, Sibgatullina GV, Bukharaeva EA. Sympathetic Innervation and Endogenous Catecholamines in Neuromuscular Preparations of Muscles with Different Functional Profiles. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:364-373. [PMID: 37076283 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the work of skeletal muscles contractile apparatus is now beyond doubt. However, until recently there was no evidence that the endings of sympathetic nerves can be located in close proximity to the neuromuscular synapses, and there is also no reliable data on how much endogenous adrenaline and noradrenaline can be contained near the synaptic contact in skeletal muscles. In this research, using fluorescent analysis, immunohistochemical and enzyme immunoassays the isolated neuromuscular preparations of three skeletal muscles of different functional profiles and containing different types of muscle fibers were examined. Close contact between the sympathetic and motor cholinergic nerve endings and the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase in this area were demonstrated. Concentrations of endogenous adrenaline and noradrenaline in the solution perfusing the neuromuscular preparation were determined under different modes of its functioning. The effects of α and β adrenoreceptor blockers on the processes of acetylcholine quantal secretion from the motor nerve endings were compared. The data obtained provide evidence for the presence of endogenous catecholamines in the neuromuscular junction region and their role in modulation of the synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Dmitrieva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Semyon G Vologin
- Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan, 420059, Russia
| | - Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Arsenii Yu Arkhipov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Venera F Khuzakhmetova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Guzel V Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Ellya A Bukharaeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan, 420111, Russia.
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19
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Gafurova CR, Tsentsevitsky AN, Petrov AM. Frequency-Dependent Engagement of Synaptic Vesicle Pools in the Mice Motor Nerve Terminals. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:729-739. [PMID: 35113291 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nerve terminals contain numerous synaptic vesicles (SVs) whose exo-endocytic cycling maintains neurotransmitter release. SVs may have different properties, thereby constituting separate pools. However, behavior of SV pools remains elusive in many synapses. To fill this gap, we studied the functioning of SV pools at both low- and higher-frequency stimulations utilizing microelectrode recording and dual-labeling of SVs with FM-dyes at the mice motor nerve terminals. It was found that higher-frequency stimulation caused exocytosis of different kinds of SVs. One type of SVs contributed to exocytosis exclusively at intense activities and their exocytotic rate was depended on the order in which these SVs were recovered by endocytosis. Another type of SVs can sustain the release in response to both low- and higher-frequency stimulations, but increasing activity did not lead to enhanced exocytotic rate of these SVs. In addition, depression of neurotransmitter release induced by 20 Hz stimulation occurred independent on previous episode of 10 Hz activity. We suggest that during prolonged stimulation at least two SV pools can operate. One termed "house-keeping" that would be active at different frequencies and the other termed "plug-in" that would respond to increasing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulpan R Gafurova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan, Russia, 420111
| | - Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan, Russia, 420111
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan, Russia, 420111. .,Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan, Russia, 420012.
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20
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Biasetti L, Rey S, Fowler M, Ratnayaka A, Fennell K, Smith C, Marshall K, Hall C, Vargas-Caballero M, Serpell L, Staras K. Elevated amyloid beta disrupts the nanoscale organization and function of synaptic vesicle pools in hippocampal neurons. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1263-1276. [PMID: 35368053 PMCID: PMC9930632 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is linked to increased levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain, but the mechanisms underlying neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration remain enigmatic. Here, we investigate whether organizational characteristics of functional presynaptic vesicle pools, key determinants of information transmission in the central nervous system, are targets for elevated Aβ. Using an optical readout method in cultured hippocampal neurons, we show that acute Aβ42 treatment significantly enlarges the fraction of functional vesicles at individual terminals. We observe the same effect in a chronically elevated Aβ transgenic model (APPSw,Ind) using an ultrastructure-function approach that provides detailed information on nanoscale vesicle pool positioning. Strikingly, elevated Aβ is correlated with excessive accumulation of recycled vesicles near putative endocytic sites, which is consistent with deficits in vesicle retrieval pathways. Using the glutamate reporter, iGluSnFR, we show that there are parallel functional consequences, where ongoing information signaling capacity is constrained. Treatment with levetiracetam, an antiepileptic that dampens synaptic hyperactivity, partially rescues these transmission defects. Our findings implicate organizational and dynamic features of functional vesicle pools as targets in Aβ-driven synaptic impairment, suggesting that interventions to relieve the overloading of vesicle retrieval pathways might have promising therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Biasetti
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Rey
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Fowler
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Arjuna Ratnayaka
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Fennell
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Smith
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Marshall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Hall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Vargas-Caballero
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Serpell
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Staras
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
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21
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Liu W, Stenovec M, Lee W, Montana V, Kreft M, Zorec R, Parpura V. Probing single molecule mechanical interactions of syntaxin 1A with native synaptobrevin 2 residing on a secretory vesicle. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102570. [PMID: 35314381 PMCID: PMC9119915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interactive mechanical forces between pairs of individual SNARE proteins synaptobrevin 2 (Sb2) and syntaxin 1A (Sx1A) may be sufficient to mediate vesicle docking. This notion, based on force spectroscopy single molecule measurements probing recombinant Sx1A an Sb2 in silico, questioned a predominant view of docking via the ternary SNARE complex formation, which includes an assembly of the intermediate cis binary complex between Sx1A and SNAP25 on the plasma membrane to engage Sb2 on the vesicle. However, whether a trans binary Sx1A-Sb2 complex alone could mediate vesicle docking in a cellular environment remains unclear. To address this issue, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the force spectroscopy mode combined with fluorescence imaging. Using AFM tips functionalized with the full Sx1A cytosolic domain, we probed native Sb2 studding the membrane of secretory vesicles docked at the plasma membrane patches, referred to as "inside-out lawns", identified based on fluorescence stains and prepared from primary culture of lactotrophs. We recorded single molecule Sx1A-Sb2 mechanical interactions and obtained measurements of force (∼183 pN) and extension (∼21.6 nm) necessary to take apart Sx1A-Sb2 binding interactions formed at tip-vesicle contact. Measured interactive force between a single pair of Sx1A-Sb2 molecules is sufficient to hold a single secretory vesicle docked at the plasma membrane within distances up to that of the measured extension. This finding further advances a notion that native vesicle docking can be mediated by a single trans binary Sx1A-Sb2 complex in the absence of SNAP25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Matjaž Stenovec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, EU, Slovenia
| | - William Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Vedrana Montana
- Department of Neurobiology, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Marko Kreft
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, CPAE, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, EU, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, EU, Slovenia.
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
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22
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Keeping Excitation-Inhibition Ratio in Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105746. [PMID: 35628556 PMCID: PMC9145842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unrelated genetic mutations can lead to convergent manifestations of neurological disorders with similar behavioral phenotypes. Experimental data frequently show a lack of dramatic changes in neuroanatomy, indicating that the key cause of symptoms might arise from impairment in the communication between neurons. A transient imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) synaptic transmission (the E/I balance) during early development is generally considered to underlie the development of several neurological disorders in adults. However, the E/I ratio is a multidimensional variable. Synaptic contacts are highly dynamic and the actual strength of synaptic projections is determined from the balance between synaptogenesis and synaptic elimination. During development, relatively slow postsynaptic receptors are replaced by fast ones that allow for fast stimulus-locked excitation/inhibition. Using the binomial model of synaptic transmission allows for the reassessing of experimental data from different mouse models, showing that a transient E/I shift is frequently counterbalanced by additional pre- and/or postsynaptic changes. Such changes—for instance, the slowing down of postsynaptic currents by means of immature postsynaptic receptors—stabilize the average synaptic strength, but impair the timing of information flow. Compensatory processes and/or astrocytic signaling may represent possible targets for medical treatments of different disorders directed to rescue the proper information processing.
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23
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Petrov AM, Zakirjanova GF, Kovyazina IV, Tsentsevitsky AN, Bukharaeva EA. Adrenergic receptors control frequency-dependent switching of the exocytosis mode between "full-collapse" and "kiss-and-run" in murine motor nerve terminal. Life Sci 2022; 296:120433. [PMID: 35219696 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neurotransmitter release from the synaptic vesicles can occur through two modes of exocytosis: "full-collapse" or "kiss-and-run". Here we investigated how increasing the nerve activity and pharmacological stimulation of adrenoceptors can influence the mode of exocytosis in the motor nerve terminal. METHODS Recording of endplate potentials with intracellular microelectrodes was used to estimate acetylcholine release. A fluorescent dye FM1-43 and its quenching with sulforhodamine 101 were utilized to visualize synaptic vesicle recycling. KEY FINDINGS An increase in the frequency of stimulation led to a decrease in the rate of FM1-43 unloading despite the higher number of quanta released. High frequency activity promoted neurotransmitter release via the kiss-and-run mechanism. This was confirmed by experiments utilizing (I) FM1-43 dye quencher, that is able to pass into the synaptic vesicle via fusion pore, and (II) loading of FM1-43 by compensatory endocytosis. Noradrenaline and specific α2-adrenoreceptors agonist, dexmedetomidine, controlled the mode of synaptic vesicle recycling at high frequency activity. Their applications favored neurotransmitter release via full-collapse exocytosis rather than the kiss-and-run pathway. SIGNIFICANCE At the diaphragm neuromuscular junctions, neuronal commands are translated into contractions necessary for respiration. During stress, an increase in discharge rate of the phrenic nerve shifts the exocytosis from the full-collapse to the kiss-and-run mode. The stress-related molecule, noradrenaline, restricts neurotransmitter release in response to a high frequency activity, and prevents the shift in the mode of exocytosis through α2-adrenoceptor activation. This may be a component of the mechanism that limits overstimulation of the respiratory system during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Guzalia F Zakirjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina V Kovyazina
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
| | - Ellya A Bukharaeva
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
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24
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An SJ, Stagi M, Gould TJ, Wu Y, Mlodzianoski M, Rivera-Molina F, Toomre D, Strittmatter SM, De Camilli P, Bewersdorf J, Zenisek D. Multimodal imaging of synaptic vesicles with a single probe. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100199. [PMID: 35497490 PMCID: PMC9046237 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A complete understanding of synaptic-vesicle recycling requires the use of multiple microscopy methods to obtain complementary information. However, many currently available probes are limited to a specific microscopy modality, which necessitates the use of multiple probes and labeling paradigms. Given the complexity of vesicle populations and recycling pathways, having new single-vesicle probes that could be used for multiple microscopy techniques would complement existing sets of tools for studying vesicle function. Here, we present a probe based on the membrane-binding C2 domain of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) that fulfills this need. By conjugating the C2 domain with different detectable tags, we demonstrate that a single, modular probe can allow synaptic vesicles to be imaged at multiple levels of spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, as a general endocytic marker, the C2 domain may also be used to study membrane recycling in many cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong J. An
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Massimiliano Stagi
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool 69 3BX, UK
| | - Travis J. Gould
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA
| | - Yumei Wu
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael Mlodzianoski
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen M. Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David Zenisek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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25
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Wang X, Sun M, Chan CY, Wu LG. Phospholipase A 2-based probes to study vesicle trafficking. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100206. [PMID: 35497501 PMCID: PMC9046444 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vesicle exo- and endocytosis mediate important biological functions, including synaptic transmission. In this issue of Cell Reports Methods, Seong J. An et al. found that the fluorescently tagged C2 domain of phospholipase A2 binds to membrane phosphatidylcholine and thus labels vesicle membrane, allowing for super-resolution and electron microscopic visualization of vesicle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bldg. 35, Rm. 2B-1012, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Min Sun
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bldg. 35, Rm. 2B-1012, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chung Yu Chan
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bldg. 35, Rm. 2B-1012, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ling-Gang Wu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bldg. 35, Rm. 2B-1012, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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26
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Guérineau NC, Campos P, Le Tissier PR, Hodson DJ, Mollard P. Cell Networks in Endocrine/Neuroendocrine Gland Function. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3371-3415. [PMID: 35578964 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction, growth, stress, and metabolism are determined by endocrine/neuroendocrine systems that regulate circulating hormone concentrations. All these systems generate rhythms and changes in hormone pulsatility observed in a variety of pathophysiological states. Thus, the output of endocrine/neuroendocrine systems must be regulated within a narrow window of effective hormone concentrations but must also maintain a capacity for plasticity to respond to changing physiological demands. Remarkably most endocrinologists still have a "textbook" view of endocrine gland organization which has emanated from 20th century histological studies on thin 2D tissue sections. However, 21st -century technological advances, including in-depth 3D imaging of specific cell types have vastly changed our knowledge. We now know that various levels of multicellular organization can be found across different glands, that organizational motifs can vary between species and can be modified to enhance or decrease hormonal release. This article focuses on how the organization of cells regulates hormone output using three endocrine/neuroendocrine glands that present different levels of organization and complexity: the adrenal medulla, with a single neuroendocrine cell type; the anterior pituitary, with multiple intermingled cell types; and the pancreas with multiple intermingled cell types organized into distinct functional units. We give an overview of recent methodologies that allow the study of the different components within endocrine systems, particularly their temporal and spatial relationships. We believe the emerging findings about network organization, and its impact on hormone secretion, are crucial to understanding how homeostatic regulation of endocrine axes is carried out within endocrine organs themselves. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3371-3415, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Campos
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul R Le Tissier
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrice Mollard
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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27
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Brivaracetam Modulates Short-Term Synaptic Activity and Low-Frequency Spontaneous Brain Activity by Delaying Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Two Distinct Rodent Models of Epileptic Seizures. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1058-1074. [PMID: 35278193 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brivaracetam (BRV) is an anti-seizure drug for the treatment of focal and generalized epileptic seizures shown to augment short-term synaptic fatigue by slowing down synaptic vesicle recycling rates in control animals. In this study, we sought to investigate whether altered short-term synaptic activities could be a pathological hallmark during the interictal periods of epileptic seizures in two well-established rodent models, as well as to reveal BRV's therapeutic roles in altered short-term synaptic activities and low-frequency band spontaneous brain hyperactivity in these models. In our study, the electrophysiological field excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) recordings were performed in rat hippocampal brain slices from the CA1 region by stimulation of the Schaffer collateral/commissural pathway with or without BRV (30 μM for 3 h) in control or epileptic seizure (induced by pilocarpine (PILO) or high potassium (h-K+)) models. Short-term synaptic activities were induced by 5, 10, 20, and 40-Hz stimulation sequences. The effects of BRV on pre-synaptic vesicle mobilization were visually assessed by staining the synaptic vesicles with FM1-43 dye followed by imaging with a two-photon microscope. In the fEPSP measurements, short-term synaptic fatigue was found in the control group, while short-term synaptic potentiation (STP) was detected in both PILO and h-K+ models. STP was decreased after the slices were treated with BRV (30 μM) for 3 h. BRV also exhibited its therapeutic benefits by decreasing abnormal peak power (frequency range of 8-13 Hz, 31% of variation for PILO model, 25% of variation for h-K+ model) and trough power (frequency range of 1-4 Hz, 66% of variation for PILO model, 49% of variation for h-K+ model), and FM1-43 stained synaptic vesicle mobility (64% of the variation for PILO model, 45% of the variation for h-K+ model) in these epileptic seizure models. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that BRV decreased the STP and abnormal low-frequency brain activities during the interictal phase of epileptic seizures by slowing down the mobilization of synaptic vesicles in two rodent models. These mechanistic findings would greatly advance our understanding of BRV's pharmacological role in pathomechanisms of epileptic seizures and its treatment strategy optimization to avoid or minimize BRV-induced possible adverse side reactions.
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28
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Jana R, Begam HM, Dinda E. The emergence of the C-H functionalization strategy in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10842-10866. [PMID: 34596175 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the market competitiveness and urgent societal need, an optimum speed of drug discovery is an important criterion for successful implementation. Despite the rapid ascent of artificial intelligence and computational and bioanalytical techniques to accelerate drug discovery in big pharma, organic synthesis of privileged scaffolds predicted in silico for in vitro and in vivo studies is still considered as the rate-limiting step. C-H activation is the latest technology added into an organic chemist's toolbox for the rapid construction and late-stage modification of functional molecules to achieve the desired chemical and physical properties. Particularly, elimination of prefunctionalization steps, exceptional functional group tolerance, complexity-to-diversity oriented synthesis, and late-stage functionalization of privileged medicinal scaffolds expand the chemical space. It has immense potential for the rapid synthesis of a library of molecules, structural modification to achieve the required pharmacological properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicology (ADMET) and attachment of chemical reporters for proteome profiling, metabolite synthesis, etc. for preclinical studies. Although heterocycle synthesis, late-stage drug modification, 18F labelling, methylation, etc. via C-H functionalization have been reviewed from the synthetic standpoint, a general overview of these protocols from medicinal and drug discovery aspects has not been reviewed. In this feature article, we will discuss the recent trends of C-H activation methodologies such as synthesis of medicinal scaffolds through C-H activation/annulation cascade; C-H arylation for sp2-sp2 and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling; C-H borylation/silylation to introduce a functional linchpin for further manipulation; C-H amination for N-heterocycles and hydrogen bond acceptors; C-H fluorination/fluoroalkylation to tune polarity and lipophilicity; C-H methylation: methyl magic in drug discovery; peptide modification and macrocyclization for therapeutics and biologics; fluorescent labelling and radiolabelling for bioimaging; bioconjugation for chemical biology studies; drug-metabolite synthesis for biodistribution and excretion studies; late-stage diversification of drug-molecules to increase efficacy and safety; cutting-edge DNA encoded library synthesis and improved synthesis of drug molecules via C-H activation in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Hasina Mamataj Begam
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Enakshi Dinda
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107, India
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29
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Harasztosi C, Klenske E, Gummer AW. Vesicle traffic in the outer hair cell. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4755-4767. [PMID: 34043848 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The plasma-membrane marker FM1-43 was employed to reveal the relative significance of different types of endocytic and transcytic mechanisms in outer hair cells (OHCs) of the guinea-pig cochlea. A double-barrel local perfusion system was used to label independently the apical or synaptic pole of the isolated OHC to study mechanisms of vesicle uptake at the poles and of vesicle trafficking along and across the cell. Treatment with an inhibitor of macropino- and phagocytosis, phenylarsine oxide, or of clathrin-mediated endocytic activity, concanavalin A, significantly reduced the dye uptake at both the apical and the synaptic poles, indicating the presence of both clathrin-independent and clathrin-mediated processes at both poles. However, measurement of uptake speed in the presence of the inhibitors suggested that clathrin-independent processes contribute more extensively to endocytosis at the basal pole than the apical pole. Treatment with an inhibitor of myosin VI, 2,4,6-triiodophenol, significantly delayed both the apicobasal and the basoapical fluorescence signals. However, treatment with an inhibitor of kinesin, monastrol, or of dynein, ciliobrevin D, significantly delayed the signals only in the basoapical direction. The myosinVI inhibitor, but neither the kinesin nor dynein inhibitors, significantly delayed the signals to the subsurface cisternae. That is, myosin VI carries vesicles in both longitudinal directions as well as radially to the subsurface cisternae, whereas kinesin and dynein participate primarily in basoapical trafficking. This fundamental information is essential for elucidating recycling mechanisms of specific proteins involved in establishing, controlling and maintaining the electromechanical action of OHCs and, therefore, is vital for understanding auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Harasztosi
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Entcho Klenske
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anthony W Gummer
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Post MR, Sulzer D. The chemical tools for imaging dopamine release. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:748-764. [PMID: 33894160 PMCID: PMC8532025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a modulatory neurotransmitter involved in learning, motor functions, and reward. Many neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, autism, and schizophrenia, are associated with imbalances or dysfunction in the dopaminergic system. Yet, our understanding of these pervasive public health issues is limited by our ability to effectively image dopamine in humans, which has long been a goal for chemists and neuroscientists. The last two decades have witnessed the development of many molecules used to trace dopamine. We review the small molecules, nanoparticles, and protein sensors used with fluorescent microscopy/photometry, MRI, and PET that shape dopamine research today. None of these tools observe dopamine itself, but instead harness the biology of the dopamine system-its synthetic and metabolic pathways, synaptic vesicle cycle, and receptors-in elegant ways. Their advantages and weaknesses are covered here, along with recent examples and the chemistry and biology that allow them to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Post
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Dason JS, Sokolowski MB. A cGMP-dependent protein kinase, encoded by the Drosophila foraging gene, regulates neurotransmission through changes in synaptic structure and function. J Neurogenet 2021; 35:213-220. [PMID: 33998378 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2021.1905639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) encoded by the Drosophila foraging (for) gene regulates both synaptic structure (nerve terminal growth) and function (neurotransmission) through independent mechanisms at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (nmj). Glial for is known to restrict nerve terminal growth, whereas presynaptic for inhibits synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis during low frequency stimulation. Presynaptic for also facilitates SV endocytosis during high frequency stimulation. for's effects on neurotransmission can occur independent of any changes in nerve terminal growth. However, it remains unclear if for's effects on neurotransmission affect nerve terminal growth. Furthermore, it's possible that for's effects on synaptic structure contribute to changes in neurotransmission. In the present study, we examined these questions using RNA interference to selectively knockdown for in presynaptic neurons or glia at the Drosophila larval nmj. Consistent with our previous findings, presynaptic knockdown of for impaired SV endocytosis, whereas knockdown of glial for had no effect on SV endocytosis. Surprisingly, we found that knockdown of either presynaptic or glial for increased neurotransmitter release in response to low frequency stimulation. Knockdown of presynaptic for did not affect nerve terminal growth, demonstrating that for's effects on neurotransmission does not alter nerve terminal growth. In contrast, knockdown of glial for enhanced nerve terminal growth. This enhanced nerve terminal growth was likely the cause of the enhanced neurotransmitter release seen following knockdown of glial for. Overall, we show that for can affect neurotransmitter release by regulating both synaptic structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Dason
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - Marla B Sokolowski
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Canada
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Bhimreddy M, Rushton E, Kopke DL, Broadie K. Secreted C-type lectin regulation of neuromuscular junction synaptic vesicle dynamics modulates coordinated movement. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:261954. [PMID: 33973638 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptic cleft manifests enriched glycosylation, with structured glycans coordinating signaling between presynaptic and postsynaptic cells. Glycosylated signaling ligands orchestrating communication are tightly regulated by secreted glycan-binding lectins. Using the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as a model glutamatergic synapse, we identify a new Ca2+-binding (C-type) lectin, Lectin-galC1 (LGC1), which modulates presynaptic function and neurotransmission strength. We find that LGC1 is enriched in motoneuron presynaptic boutons and secreted into the NMJ extracellular synaptomatrix. We show that LGC1 limits locomotor peristalsis and coordinated movement speed, with a specific requirement for synaptic function, but not NMJ architecture. LGC1 controls neurotransmission strength by limiting presynaptic active zone (AZ) and postsynaptic glutamate receptor (GluR) aligned synapse number, reducing both spontaneous and stimulation-evoked synaptic vesicle (SV) release, and capping SV cycling rate. During high-frequency stimulation (HFS), mutants have faster synaptic depression and impaired recovery while replenishing depleted SV pools. Although LGC1 removal increases the number of glutamatergic synapses, we find that LGC1-null mutants exhibit decreased SV density within presynaptic boutons, particularly SV pools at presynaptic active zones. Thus, LGC1 regulates NMJ neurotransmission to modulate coordinated movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Bhimreddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Emma Rushton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Danielle L Kopke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Bewick GS, Banks RW. Mechanotransduction channels in proprioceptive sensory nerve terminals: still an open question? CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Paul N, Raymond J, Lumbreras S, Bartsch D, Weber T, Lau T. Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor rapidly triggers calcium-dependent serotonin release in vitro. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:753-764. [PMID: 33715314 PMCID: PMC8193689 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Glucocorticoids rapidly provoke serotonin (5‐HT) release in vivo. We aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐triggered 5‐HT release. Methods Employing 1C11 cells to model 5‐HT neurotransmission, immunofluorescence and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze colocalization of GR, 5‐HT, vesicle membrane protein synaptotagmin 1 and vesicle dye FM4‐64FX. FFN511 and FM4‐64FX dyes as well as calcium imaging were used to visualize vesicular 5‐HT release upon application of GR agonist dexamethasone, GR antagonist mifepristone and voltage‐gated calcium channel (VGCC) inhibitors. Results GR, 5‐HT, synaptotagmin 1 and FM4‐64FX showed overlapping staining patterns, with Pearson's Correlation Coefficient indicating colocalization. Similarly to potassium chloride, dexamethasone caused a release of FFN511 and uptake of FM4‐64FX, indicating vesicular 5‐HT release. Mifepristone, calcium depletion and inhibition of L‐type VGCC significantly diminished dexamethasone‐induced vesicular 5‐HT release. Conclusions In close proximity to 5‐HT releasing sites, activated GR rapidly triggers L‐type VGCC‐dependent vesicular 5‐HT release. These findings provide a better understanding of the interrelationship between glucocorticoids and 5‐HT release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biochemical Laboratory, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Justine Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biochemical Laboratory, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sara Lumbreras
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biochemical Laboratory, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Transgenic Models, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tillmann Weber
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,MEDIAN Klinik Wilhelmsheim, Oppenweiler, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lau
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biochemical Laboratory, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Translational Brain Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Rey S, Marra V, Smith C, Staras K. Nanoscale Remodeling of Functional Synaptic Vesicle Pools in Hebbian Plasticity. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2006-2017.e3. [PMID: 32049027 PMCID: PMC7016504 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle pool properties are known determinants of synaptic efficacy, but their potential role as modifiable substrates in forms of Hebbian plasticity is still unclear. Here, we investigate this using a nanoscale readout of functionally recycled vesicles in natively wired hippocampal CA3→CA1 circuits undergoing long-term potentiation (LTP). We show that the total recycled vesicle pool is larger after plasticity induction, with the smallest terminals exhibiting the greatest relative expansion. Changes in the spatial organization of vesicles accompany potentiation including a specific increase in the number of recycled vesicles at the active zone, consistent with an ultrastructural remodeling component of synaptic strengthening. The cAMP-PKA pathway activator, forskolin, selectively mimics some features of LTP-driven changes, suggesting that distinct and independent modules of regulation accompany plasticity expression. Our findings provide evidence for a presynaptic locus of LTP encoded in the number and arrangement of functionally recycled vesicles, with relevance for models of long-term plasticity storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rey
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Marra
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester L1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Smith
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Staras
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom.
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36
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Controlling Horizontal Cell-Mediated Lateral Inhibition in Transgenic Zebrafish Retina with Chemogenetic Tools. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0022-20.2020. [PMID: 33060180 PMCID: PMC7665903 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0022-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal cells (HCs) form reciprocal synapses with rod and cone photoreceptors, an arrangement that underlies lateral inhibition in the retina. HCs send negative and positive feedback signals to photoreceptors, but how HCs initiate these signals remains unclear. Unfortunately, because HCs have no unique neurotransmitter receptors, there are no pharmacological treatments for perturbing membrane potential specifically in HCs. Here we use transgenic zebrafish whose HCs express alien receptors, enabling cell-type-specific control by cognate alien agonists. To depolarize HCs, we used the Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFamide)-gated Na+ channel (FaNaC) activated by the invertebrate neuropeptide FMRFamide. To hyperpolarize HCs we used a pharmacologically selective actuator module (PSAM)-glycine receptor (GlyR), an engineered Cl– selective channel activated by a synthetic agonist. Expression of FaNaC or PSAM-GlyR was restricted to HCs with the cell-type selective promoter for connexin-55.5. We assessed HC-feedback control of photoreceptor synapses in three ways. First, we measured presynaptic exocytosis from photoreceptor terminals using the fluorescent dye FM1-43. Second, we measured the electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave, a signal generated by postsynaptic responses. Third, we used Ca2+ imaging in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) expressing the Ca2+ indicator GCaMP6. Addition of FMRFamide significantly decreased FM1-43 destaining in darkness, whereas the addition of PSAM-GlyR significantly increased it. However, both agonists decreased the light-elicited ERG b-wave and eliminated surround inhibition of the Ca2+ response of RGCs. Taken together, our findings show that chemogenetic tools can selectively manipulate negative feedback from HCs, providing a platform for understanding its mechanism and helping to elucidate its functional roles in visual information processing at a succession of downstream stages.
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37
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Zhou N, Huo F, Yue Y, Yin C. Specific Fluorescent Probe Based on "Protect-Deprotect" To Visualize the Norepinephrine Signaling Pathway and Drug Intervention Tracers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17751-17755. [PMID: 33000941 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, increased social pressure and other factors have led to a surge in the number of people suffering from depression: studies show that quite a few people will experience major depression in their lifetime. Currently, it is widely believed that the internal cause of major depression is reduced levels of norepinephrine (NE) in brain tissue. Norepinephrine is very similar in structure and chemical properties to the other two catecholamine neurotransmitters, epinephrine (EP) and dopamine (DA). These three neurotransmitters are synthesized sequentially through enzymatic reactions in the biological system. Therefore, design of a norepinephrine-specific fluorescent probe is very challenging. In this work, we utilized a "protect-deprotect" strategy: longer emission wavelength cyanine containing water-soluble sulfonate was protected by a carbonic ester linking departing group thiophenol; the β-hydroxy ethyl amine moiety of norepinephrine may react with the carbonic ester via nucleophilic substitution and intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization to release the fluorophore. The process realized the specific red fluorescence detection of norepinephrine. Imaging of the norepinephrine nerve signal transduction stimulated by potassium ion was studied. More importantly, real-time fluorescence imaging of norepinephrine levels in the brain of rats stimulated by antidepressant drugs was studied for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yongkang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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38
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Synaptic vesicles transiently dock to refill release sites. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:1329-1338. [PMID: 32989294 PMCID: PMC8054220 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00716-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release neurotransmitter following an action potential, after which new vesicles must ‘dock’ to refill vacated release sites. To capture synaptic vesicle exocytosis at cultured mouse hippocampal synapses, we induced single action potentials by electrical field stimulation then subjected neurons to high-pressure freezing to examine their morphology by electron microscopy. During synchronous release, multiple vesicles can fuse at a single active zone. Fusions during synchronous release are distributed throughout the active zone, whereas fusions during asynchronous release are biased toward the center of the active zone. After stimulation, the total number of docked vesicles across all synapses decreases by ~40%. Within 14 ms, new vesicles are recruited and fully replenish the docked pool, but this docking is transient and they either undock or fuse within 100 ms. These results demonstrate that recruitment of synaptic vesicles to release sites is rapid and reversible.
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Montes-Fernández MA, Pérez-Villegas EM, Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Pedrazza L, Rosa JL, de Toledo GA, Armengol JA. The HERC1 ubiquitin ligase regulates presynaptic membrane dynamics of central synapses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12057. [PMID: 32694577 PMCID: PMC7374096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HERC1 is a ubiquitin ligase protein, which, when mutated, induces several malformations and intellectual disability in humans. The animal model of HERC1 mutation is the mouse tambaleante characterized by: (1) overproduction of the protein; (2) cerebellar Purkinje cells death by autophagy; (3) dysregulation of autophagy in spinal cord motor neurons, and CA3 and neocortical pyramidal neurons; (4) impairment of associative learning, linked to altered spinogenesis and absence of LTP in the lateral amygdala; and, (5) motor impairment due to delayed action potential transmission, decrease synaptic transmission efficiency and altered myelination in the peripheral nervous system. To investigate the putative role of HERC1 in the presynaptic dynamics we have performed a series of experiments in cultured tambaleante hippocampal neurons by using transmission electron microscopy, FM1-43 destaining and immunocytochemistry. Our results show: (1) a decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles; (2) reduced active zones; (3) less clathrin immunoreactivity and less presynaptic endings over the hippocampal main dendritic trees; which contrast with (4) a greater number of endosomes and autophagosomes in the presynaptic endings of the tambaleante neurons relative to control ones. Altogether these results show an important role of HERC1 in the regulation of presynaptic membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Mª Pérez-Villegas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Leonardo Pedrazza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José A Armengol
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
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Chemically Functionalized Water-Soluble Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Obstruct Vesicular/Plasmalemmal Recycling in Astrocytes Down-Stream of Calcium Ions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071597. [PMID: 32630262 PMCID: PMC7408470 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We used single-walled carbon nanotubes chemically functionalized with polyethylene glycol (SWCNT-PEG) to assess the effects of this nanomaterial on astrocytic endocytosis and exocytosis. We observed that the SWCNT-PEG do not affect the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-evoked Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes but significantly reduce the Ca2+-dependent glutamate release. There was a significant decrease in the endocytic load of the recycling dye during constitutive and ATP-evoked recycling. Furthermore, SWCNT-PEG hampered ATP-evoked exocytotic release of the loaded recycling dye. Thus, by functionally obstructing evoked vesicular recycling, SWCNT-PEG reduced glutamate release from astrocytes via regulated exocytosis. These effects implicate SWCNT-PEG as a modulator of Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in astrocytes downstream of Ca2+, likely at the level of vesicle fusion with/pinching off the plasma membrane.
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41
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Sanderson TM, Georgiou J, Collingridge GL. Illuminating Relationships Between the Pre- and Post-synapse. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:9. [PMID: 32308573 PMCID: PMC7146027 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory synapses in the mammalian cortex are highly diverse, both in terms of their structure and function. However, relationships between synaptic features indicate they are highly coordinated entities. Imaging techniques, that enable physiology at the resolution of individual synapses to be investigated, have allowed the presynaptic activity level of the synapse to be related to postsynaptic function. This approach has revealed that neuronal activity induces the pre- and post-synapse to be functionally correlated and that subsets of synapses are more susceptible to certain forms of synaptic plasticity. As presynaptic function is often examined in isolation from postsynaptic properties, the effect it has on the post-synapse is not fully understood. However, since postsynaptic receptors at excitatory synapses respond to release of glutamate, it follows that they may be differentially regulated depending on the frequency of its release. Therefore, examining postsynaptic properties in the context of presynaptic function may be a useful way to approach a broad range of questions on synaptic physiology. In this review, we focus on how optophysiology tools have been utilized to study relationships between the pre- and the post-synapse. Multiple imaging techniques have revealed correlations in synaptic properties from the submicron to the dendritic level. Optical tools together with advanced imaging techniques are ideally suited to illuminate this area further, due to the spatial resolution and control they allow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Glutamate Research Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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42
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αM-Conotoxin MIIIJ Blocks Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors at Neuromuscular Junctions of Frog and Fish. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030197. [PMID: 32245200 PMCID: PMC7150935 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery and functional characterization of αM-Conotoxin MIIIJ, a peptide from the venom of the fish-hunting cone snail Conus magus. Injections of αM-MIIIJ induced paralysis in goldfish (Carassius auratus) but not mice. Intracellular recording from skeletal muscles of fish (C. auratus) and frog (Xenopus laevis) revealed that αM-MIIIJ inhibited postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with an IC50 of ~0.1 μM. With comparable potency, αM-MIIIJ reversibly blocked ACh-gated currents (IACh) of voltage-clamped X. laevis oocytes exogenously expressing nAChRs cloned from zebrafish (Danio rerio) muscle. αM-MIIIJ also protected against slowly-reversible block of IACh by α-bungarotoxin (α-BgTX, a snake neurotoxin) and α-conotoxin EI (α-EI, from Conus ermineus another fish hunter) that competitively block nAChRs at the ACh binding site. Furthermore, assessment by fluorescence microscopy showed that αM-MIIIJ inhibited the binding of fluorescently-tagged α-BgTX at neuromuscular junctions of X. laevis, C. auratus, and D. rerio. (Note, we observed that αM-MIIIJ can block adult mouse and human muscle nAChRs exogenously expressed in X. laevis oocytes, but with IC50s ~100-times higher than those of zebrafish nAChRs.) Taken together, these results indicate that αM-MIIIJ inhibits muscle nAChRs and furthermore apparently does so by interfering with the binding of ACh to its receptor. Comparative alignments with homologous sequences identified in other fish hunters revealed that αM-MIIIJ defines a new class of muscle nAChR inhibitors from cone snails.
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BDNF impact on synaptic dynamics: extra or intracellular long-term release differently regulates cultured hippocampal synapses. Mol Brain 2020; 13:43. [PMID: 32183860 PMCID: PMC7079446 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signalling contributes to the formation, maturation and plasticity of Central Nervous System (CNS) synapses. Acute exposure of cultured brain circuits to BDNF leads to up-regulation of glutamatergic neuro-transmission, by the accurate tuning of pre and post synaptic features, leading to structural and functional synaptic changes. Chronic BDNF treatment has been comparatively less investigated, besides it may represent a therapeutic option to obtain rescue of post-injury alterations of synaptic networks. In this study, we used a paradigm of BDNF long-term (4 days) incubation to assess in hippocampal neurons in culture, the ability of such a treatment to alter synapses. By patch clamp recordings we describe the augmented function of excitatory neurotransmission and we further explore by live imaging the presynaptic changes brought about by long-term BDNF. In our study, exogenous long-term BDNF exposure of post-natal neurons did not affect inhibitory neurotransmission. We further compare, by genetic manipulations of cultured neurons and BDNF release, intracellular overexpression of this neurotrophin at the same developmental age. We describe for the first-time differences in synaptic modulation by BDNF with respect to exogenous or intracellular release paradigms. Such a finding holds the potential of influencing the design of future therapeutic strategies.
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Collot M, Boutant E, Fam KT, Danglot L, Klymchenko AS. Molecular Tuning of Styryl Dyes Leads to Versatile and Efficient Plasma Membrane Probes for Cell and Tissue Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:875-883. [PMID: 32053748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) plays a major role in many biological processes; therefore, its proper fluorescence staining is required in bioimaging. Among the commercially available PM probes, styryl dye FM1-43 is one of the most widely used. In this work, we demonstrated that fine chemical modifications of FM1-43 can dramatically improve the PM staining. The newly developed probes, SP-468 and SQ-535, were found to display enhanced photophysical properties (reduced cross-talk, higher brightness, improved photostability) and, unlike FM1-43, provided excellent and immediate PM staining in 5 different mammalian cell types including neurons (primary culture and tissue imaging). Taking advantage of these features, we successfully used SP-468 in STED super resolution neuronal imaging. Additionally, we showed that the new probes displayed differences in their internalization pathways compared to their parent FM1-43. Finally, we showed that the new probes kept the ability to stain the PM of plant cells. Overall, this work presents new useful probes for PM imaging in cells and tissues and provides insights on the molecular design of new PM targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, FR 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Emmanuel Boutant
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, FR 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Kyong Tkhe Fam
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, FR 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, "Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain", F 75014 Paris, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, FR 67401 Illkirch, France
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Liu C, Huang Z, Jiang W, Liu X, Li J, Han X, Tu H, Qiu L, Tan W. Programmable pH-Responsive DNA Nanosensors for Imaging Exocytosis and Retrieval of Synaptic Vesicles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3620-3626. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zike Huang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Tu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, 13709 Progress Boulevard, Alachua, Florida 32615, United States
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Responses of unicellular predators to cope with the phototoxicity of photosynthetic prey. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5606. [PMID: 31811209 PMCID: PMC6898599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding on unicellular photosynthetic organisms by unicellular eukaryotes is the base of the aquatic food chain and evolutionarily led to the establishment of photosynthetic endosymbionts/organelles. Photosynthesis generates reactive oxygen species and damages cells; thus, photosynthetic organisms possess several mechanisms to cope with the stress. Here, we demonstrate that photosynthetic prey also exposes unicellular amoebozoan and excavates predators to photosynthetic oxidative stress. Upon illumination, there is a commonality in transcriptomic changes among evolutionarily distant organisms feeding on photosynthetic prey. One of the genes commonly upregulated is a horizontally transferred homolog of algal and plant genes for chlorophyll degradation/detoxification. In addition, the predators reduce their phagocytic uptake while accelerating digestion of photosynthetic prey upon illumination, reducing the number of photosynthetic cells inside the predator cells, as this also occurs in facultative endosymbiotic associations upon certain stresses. Thus, some mechanisms in predators observed here probably have been necessary for evolution of endosymbiotic associations. Photosynthesis generates reactive oxygen species that can damage cells. Here, the authors show that unicellular predators of photosynthetic prey have shared responses to photosynthetic oxidative stress and these may also have been important for the evolution of endosymbiosis.
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Henkel AW, Mouihate A, Welzel O. Differential Release of Exocytosis Marker Dyes Indicates Stimulation-Dependent Regulation of Synaptic Activity. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1047. [PMID: 31632237 PMCID: PMC6783566 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a general consensus that synaptic vesicular release by a full collapse process is the primary machinery of synaptic transmission. However, competing view suggests that synaptic vesicular release operates via a kiss-and-run mechanism. By monitoring the release dynamics of a synaptic vesicular marker, FM1-43 from individual synapses in hippocampal neurons, we found evidence that the release of synaptic vesicle was delayed by several seconds after the start of field stimulation. This phenomenon was associated with modified opening kinetics of fusion pores. Detailed analysis revealed that some synapses were completely inactive for a few seconds after stimulation, despite immediate calcium influx. This delay in vesicular release was modulated by various stimulation protocols and different frequencies, indicating an activity-dependent regulation mechanism for neurotransmitter exocytosis. Staurosporine, a drug known to induce “kiss-and-run” exocytosis, increased the proportion of delayed synapses as well as the delay duration, while fluoxetine acted contrarily. Besides being a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, it directly enhanced vesicle mobilization and reduced synaptic fatigue. Exocytosis was never delayed, when it was monitored with pH-sensitive probes, synaptopHlourin and αSyt-CypHerE5 antibody, indicating an instantaneous formation of a fusion pore that allowed rapid equilibration of vesicular lumenal pH but prevented FM1-43 release because of its slow dissociation from the inner vesicular membrane. Our observations suggest that synapses operate via a sequential “kiss-and-run” and “full-collapse” exocytosis mechanism. The initially narrow vesicular pore allows the equilibration of intravesicular pH which then progresses toward full fusion, causing FM1-43 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Henkel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Oliver Welzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Aydin O, Zhang X, Nuethong S, Pagan-Diaz GJ, Bashir R, Gazzola M, Saif MTA. Neuromuscular actuation of biohybrid motile bots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19841-19847. [PMID: 31527266 PMCID: PMC6778261 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of muscle cells with soft robotics in recent years has led to the development of biohybrid machines capable of untethered locomotion. A major frontier that currently remains unexplored is neuronal actuation and control of such muscle-powered biohybrid machines. As a step toward this goal, we present here a biohybrid swimmer driven by on-board neuromuscular units. The body of the swimmer consists of a free-standing soft scaffold, skeletal muscle tissue, and optogenetic stem cell-derived neural cluster containing motor neurons. Myoblasts embedded in extracellular matrix self-organize into a muscle tissue guided by the geometry of the scaffold, and the resulting muscle tissue is cocultured in situ with a neural cluster. Motor neurons then extend neurites selectively toward the muscle and innervate it, developing functional neuromuscular units. Based on this initial construct, we computationally designed, optimized, and implemented light-sensitive flagellar swimmers actuated by these neuromuscular units. Cyclic muscle contractions, induced by neural stimulation, drive time-irreversible flagellar dynamics, thereby providing thrust for untethered forward locomotion of the swimmer. Overall, this work demonstrates an example of a biohybrid robot implementing neuromuscular actuation and illustrates a path toward the forward design and control of neuron-enabled biohybrid machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Aydin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Sittinon Nuethong
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Gelson J Pagan-Diaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Mattia Gazzola
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - M Taher A Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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Upreti C, Konstantinov E, Kassabov SR, Bailey CH, Kandel ER. Serotonin Induces Structural Plasticity of Both Extrinsic Modulating and Intrinsic Mediating Circuits In Vitro in Aplysia Californica. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2955-2965.e3. [PMID: 31509754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term sensitization of the gill withdrawal reflex in Aplysia requires heterosynaptic, modulatory input that is mediated in part by the growth of new synaptic connections between sensory neurons and their follower cells (intrinsic mediating circuit). Whether modulatory interneurons (the extrinsic modulatory circuit) also display learning-related structural synaptic plasticity remains unknown. To test this idea, we added a bona fide serotonergic modulatory neuron, the metacerebral cell (MCC), to sensory-motor neuron co-cultures and examined the modulating presynaptic varicosities of MCCs before and after repeated pulses of serotonin (5-HT) that induced long-term facilitation (LTF). We observed robust growth of new serotonergic varicosities that were positive for serotonin and capable of synaptic recycling. Our findings demonstrate that, in addition to structural changes in the intrinsic mediating circuit, there are also significant learning-related structural changes in the extrinsic modulating circuit, and these changes might provide a cellular mechanism for savings and for spread of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Upreti
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Stefan R Kassabov
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Craig H Bailey
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eric R Kandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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50
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Harasztosi C, Gummer AW. Different rates of endocytic activity and vesicle transport from the apical and synaptic poles of the outer hair cell. HNO 2019; 67:449-457. [PMID: 31073640 PMCID: PMC6538584 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-0674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Intense endocytic activity at the apex of outer hair cells (OHCs)—the electromechanical cells of the cochlea—has been demonstrated using the vital plasma-membrane marker FM1-43 and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Vesicular traffic toward the cell nucleus to distinct locations of the endoplasmic reticulum has also been shown. Objective The current study characterizes the dynamics of endocytic activity, as well as apicobasal and basoapical trafficking, using a local perfusion technique that we recently developed and published to visualize bidirectional trafficking in isolated bipolar cells. Materials and methods The fluorescent plasma-membrane markers FM1-43 (10 µM) and FM4-64 (10 µM), together with a fluid-phase marker, Lucifer yellow (50 µM), were used to label endocytosed vesicles in isolated OHCs of the guinea pig cochlea. Targets of endocytosed vesicles were examined with a fluorescent marker of subsurface cisternae, DiOC6 (0.87 µM). Single- and two-photon confocal laser-scanning microscopy was used to visualize labeled vesicles. Results The plasma-membrane markers presented more intense vesicle internalization at the synaptic pole than at the apical pole of the OHC. Intracellular basoapical vesicle trafficking was faster than apicobasal trafficking. Vesicles endocytosed at the synaptic pole were transcytosed to the endoplasmic reticulum system. An intracellular Lucifer yellow signal was not detected. Conclusion The larger endocytic fluorescent signals in the synaptic pole and the faster basoapical trafficking imply that membrane internalization and vesicle trafficking are more efficient at the synaptic pole than at the apical pole of the OHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Harasztosi
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A W Gummer
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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