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Sato S, Nishioka E, Kabeya H, Maruyama S. Genomic properties of a Bartonella quintana strain from Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) revealed by genome comparison with human and rhesus macaque strains. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10941. [PMID: 38740807 PMCID: PMC11091102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bartonella quintana, the causative agent of trench fever, is an intracellular bacterium that infects human erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. For many years, humans were considered the only natural hosts for B. quintana; however, it was recently discovered that wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) also serve as hosts for B. quintana. To elucidate the genetic characteristics of the B. quintana strain MF1-1 isolated from a Japanese macaque, we determined the complete genome sequence of the strain and compared it with those of strain Toulouse from a human and strain RM-11 from a rhesus macaque. General genomic features and orthologous gene cluster profiles are similar among the three strains, and strain MF1-1 is genetically closer to strain RM-11 than strain Toulouse based on the average nucleotide identity values; however, a significant inversion of approximately 0.68 Mb was detected in the chromosome of strain MF1-1. Moreover, the Japanese macaque strains lacked the bepA gene, which is responsible for anti-apoptotic function, and the trwL2, trwL4, and trwL6 genes, which may be involved in adhesion to erythrocytes of rhesus macaque and human. These features likely represent the genomic traits acquired by Japanese macaque strains in their host-associated evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Emu Nishioka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kabeya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Soichi Maruyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
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Bai Y, Osikowicz LM, Hojgaard A, Eisen RJ. Development of a quadruplex PCR amplicon next generation sequencing assay for detection and differentiation of Bartonella spp. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1243471. [PMID: 38130946 PMCID: PMC10733521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Bartonella includes a group of species that are associated with a wide range of mammalian species, including human. It is challenging to detect all Bartonella species using a single molecular target due to its high genetic diversity. To solve this issue, we developed a quadruplex PCR amplicon sequencing assay using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology for the detection and differentiation of Bartonella species. Our objective was to obtain the specific sequences of a minimum of two of the four target genes as confirmation of the identity of a particular Bartonella species using the assay. Four pairs of primers targeting specific regions on gltA, groEL, rpoB, and ssrA were evaluated for their capability of differentiating Bartonella species individually and collectively by performing singular PCR amplicon sequencing and quadruplex PCR amplicon sequencing. Using the quadruplex PCR amplicon sequencing, 24 Bartonella reference species were tested, all of which were successfully differentiated by at least two targets. Bartonella species were accurately identified from the artificially mixed DNA templates developed to simulate coinfections. The limit of detection was determined to be 1 fg based on testing a series of 10-fold dilutions of DNA from the Bartonella species. Testing of high DNA concentrations of 19 non-Bartonella species showed high specificity with none of the non-Bartonella species misclassified as Bartonella. Finally, the assay was evaluated by testing DNA extracts from field-collected body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus) and Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus): Bartonella quintana was detected and confirmed by three targets in the lice and Bartonella tribocorum was detected and confirmed by two targets in the rats. These results demonstrated that Bartonella species could be accurately and rapidly detected and differentiated into different tissue types using the quadruplex sequencing assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Bacterial Disease Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Tufa TB, Margos G, Fingerle V, Hartberger C, Poppert S, Birtles RJ, Kraiczy P, Kempf VAJ, Frickmann H, Feldt T. Evidence for Bartonella quintana in Lice Collected from the Clothes of Ethiopian Homeless Individuals. Pathogens 2023; 12:1299. [PMID: 38003765 PMCID: PMC10675803 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lice, Pediculus humanus, can transmit various pathogens, including Bartonella quintana, Borrelia recurrentis, and Rickettsia prowazekii. Xenosurveillance is an epidemiological approach to assessing human infection risks performed by screening vectors of infectious disease agents. In the proof-of-principle study reported herein, the DNA of 23 human lice was collected from the clothes of 30 homeless Ethiopian individuals. These samples were assessed using 16S rRNA gene-specific pan-eubacterial PCR for screening, followed by Bartonella genus 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence-specific PCR, Bartonella genus gltA gene-specific PCR, and 16S rRNA gene PCR with specificity for relapsing-fever-associated Borrelia spp. with subsequent sequencing of the amplicons. In one sample, the pan-eubacterial 16S rRNA gene-specific screening PCR, the Bartonella genus 16S-23S ITS sequence-specific PCR, and the Bartonella genus gltA gene-specific PCR allowed for the sequencing of B. quintana-specific amplicons. In two additional samples, Bartonella genus gltA gene-specific PCR also provided sequences showing 100% sequence identity with B. quintana. In total, 3/23 (13.0%) of the assessed lice were found to be positive for B. quintana. Correlating clinical data were not available; however, the assessment confirmed the presence of B. quintana in the local louse population and thus an associated infection pressure. Larger-sized cross-sectional studies seem advisable to more reliably quantify the infection risk of lice-infested local individuals. The need for prevention by providing opportunities to maintain standard hygiene for Ethiopian homeless individuals is stressed by the reported findings, especially in light of the ongoing migration of refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafese Beyene Tufa
- Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella P.O. Box 04, Ethiopia;
- Hirsch Institute of Tropical Medicine (HITM), Heinrich-Heine University, Asella P.O. Box 04, Ethiopia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriele Margos
- National Reference Center for Borrelia, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Branch Oberschleißheim, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (G.M.); (V.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Volker Fingerle
- National Reference Center for Borrelia, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Branch Oberschleißheim, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (G.M.); (V.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Christine Hartberger
- National Reference Center for Borrelia, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Branch Oberschleißheim, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (G.M.); (V.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Sven Poppert
- Diagnostic Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20239 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Richard J. Birtles
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK;
| | - Peter Kraiczy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control and Consiliary Laboratory for Bartonella Infections (Appointed by the Robert Koch Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.K.); (V.A.J.K.)
| | - Volkhard A. J. Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control and Consiliary Laboratory for Bartonella Infections (Appointed by the Robert Koch Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.K.); (V.A.J.K.)
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Hirsch Institute of Tropical Medicine (HITM), Heinrich-Heine University, Asella P.O. Box 04, Ethiopia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Deng YP, Fu YT, Yao C, Shao R, Zhang XL, Duan DY, Liu GH. Emerging bacterial infectious diseases/pathogens vectored by human lice. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 55:102630. [PMID: 37567429 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Human lice have always been a major public health concern due to their vector capacity for louse-borne infectious diseases, like trench fever, louse-borne relapsing fever, and epidemic fever, which are caused by Bartonella quintana, Borrelia recurrentis, and Rickettsia prowazekii, respectively. Those diseases are currently re-emerging in the regions of poor hygiene, social poverty, or wars with life-threatening consequences. These louse-borne diseases have also caused outbreaks among populations in jails and refugee camps. In addition, antibodies and DNAs to those pathogens have been steadily detected in homeless populations. Importantly, more bacterial pathogens have been detected in human lice, and some have been transmitted by human lice in laboratories. Here, we provide a comprehensive review and update on louse-borne infectious diseases/bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ping Deng
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Tian Fu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoqun Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
| | - Renfu Shao
- Centre for Bioinnovation, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Xue-Ling Zhang
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - De-Yong Duan
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Lionello FCP, Rotundo S, Bruno G, Marino G, Morrone HL, Fusco P, Costa C, Russo A, Trecarichi EM, Beltrame A, Torti C. Touching Base with Some Mediterranean Diseases of Interest from Paradigmatic Cases at the "Magna Graecia" University Unit of Infectious Diseases: A Didascalic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2832. [PMID: 37685370 PMCID: PMC10486464 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among infectious diseases, zoonoses are increasing in importance worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean region. We report herein some clinical cases from a third-level hospital in Calabria region (Southern Italy) and provide a narrative review of the most relevant features of these diseases from epidemiological and clinical perspectives. Further, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in zoonotic diseases are reviewed, focusing on the mechanisms used by pathogens to elude the immune system of the host. These topics are of particular concern for individuals with primary or acquired immunodeficiency (e.g., people living with HIV, transplant recipients, patients taking immunosuppressive drugs). From the present review, it appears that diagnostic innovations and the availability of more accurate methods, together with better monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of these infections, are urgently needed to improve interventions for better preparedness and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Carmelo Pio Lionello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Salvatore Rotundo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Gabriele Bruno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Gabriella Marino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Helen Linda Morrone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Paolo Fusco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, “Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Chiara Costa
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, “Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, “Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, “Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Anna Beltrame
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Gainesville, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Carlo Torti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, “Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Choat J, Yockey B, Sheldon SW, Pappert R, Petersen J, Dietrich EA. Development and validation of a real-time PCR test to detect Bartonella quintana in clinical samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 106:116000. [PMID: 37295184 PMCID: PMC10860707 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the validation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction test targeting the vomp region of Bartonella quintana. The assay displayed 100% sensitivity and specificity for the 52 bloods and 159 cultures tested. Molecular diagnosis of Bartonella quintana can aid clinical treatment during acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Choat
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brook Yockey
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah W Sheldon
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ryan Pappert
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeannine Petersen
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Dietrich
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Sato S, Shapira L, Tasher D, Maruyama S, Giladi M. Molecular epidemiology of Bartonella quintana endocarditis in patients from Israel and Eastern Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:142. [PMID: 36882746 PMCID: PMC9993625 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella quintana is an important cause of culture-negative endocarditis. Although humans have been considered as its only reservoir, recent studies showed that macaque species are also reservoirs of B. quintana. Based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) B. quintana strains have been classified into 22 sequence types (STs), with 7 STs exclusively found in humans. Data regarding the molecular epidemiology of B. quintana endocarditis is limited to only 3 STs identified in 4 patients from Europe and Australia. We studied B. quintana endocarditis acquired in Eastern Africa or Israel to investigate the genetic diversity and clinical relatedness of B. quintana from distinct geographic regions. METHODS Eleven patients with B. quintana endocarditis, 6 from Eastern Africa and 5 from Israel, were studied. DNA was extracted from cardiac tissue or blood specimens and analyzed by MLST based on 9 genetic loci. An evolutionary relationship between STs was visualized by a minimum spanning tree. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the concatenated sequences (4271 bp) of the 9 loci using the maximum-likelihood method. RESULTS Six strains were classified into previously described STs while 5 strains were identified for the first time and classified into new STs 23-27 which clustered with the previously reported STs 1-7 from human strains found in Australia, France, Germany, the USA, Russia, and the former Yugoslavia, without indication of geographical structuring. ST2 was the most prevalent ST, found in 5 of 15 patients with endocarditis (33.3%). ST26 appears to be a primary founder of the human lineage. CONCLUSIONS The new and previously reported human STs form a single human lineage, clearly separated from the other 3 B. quintana lineages of cynomolgus, rhesus, and Japanese macaques. From evolutionary perspectives, these findings support the assumption that B. quintana has co-evolved with host species to form a host-speciation pattern. ST26 is suggested herein as a primary founder of the human lineage and may be key to explore where B. quintana had first originated; ST2 is a dominant genetic type associated with B. quintana endocarditis. To confirm these findings, additional worldwide molecular epidemiological studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Lev Shapira
- The Bernard Pridan Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Wiezmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Diana Tasher
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Soichi Maruyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Michael Giladi
- The Bernard Pridan Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Wiezmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Meucci M, Verna E, Costedoat C. The Skeletal Remains of Soldiers from the Two World Wars: Between Identification, Health Research and Memorial Issues. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1852. [PMID: 36292737 PMCID: PMC9602128 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After causing mass disasters that claimed the lives of tens of thousands of soldiers from countries around the world, the two Great Wars left some of them lost and missing. In France, these corpses reside in a legal vagueness where they belong neither to forensic anthropology nor archeology. Nevertheless, the process of identification and determining the cause of death requires the use of modern forensic anthropology by applying biological profiling and DNA analysis. New genomic methods also provide insight into the health statuses of these military populations, providing new perspectives on these periods of humanitarian crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Meucci
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Établissement Français du Sang, ADES Laboratory Unité Mixte de Recherche 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13344 Marseille, France
- National Office for Veterans and Victims of War (ONACVG), 75007 Paris, France
| | - Emeline Verna
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Établissement Français du Sang, ADES Laboratory Unité Mixte de Recherche 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13344 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Costedoat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Établissement Français du Sang, ADES Laboratory Unité Mixte de Recherche 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13344 Marseille, France
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Ouarti B, Fonkou DMM, Houhamdi L, Mediannikov O, Parola P. Lice and lice-borne diseases in humans in Africa: a narrative review. Acta Trop 2022; 237:106709. [PMID: 36198330 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lice are host-specific insects. Human lice include Pediculus humanus humanus (body lice) which are known to be vectors of serious human bacterial infectious diseases including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, trench fever and plague; Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice) that frequently affect children; and Pthirus pubis, commonly known as crab lice. In Africa, human infections transmitted by lice remained poorly known and therefore, underestimated, perhaps due to the lack of diagnostic tools and professional knowledge. In this paper we review current knowledge of the microorganisms identified in human lice in the continent of Africa, in order to alert health professionals to the importance of recognising the risk of lice-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Ouarti
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Linda Houhamdi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Marshall KE, Martinez HE, Woodall T, Guerrero A, Mechtenberg J, Herlihy R, House J. Body Lice among People Experiencing Homelessness and Access to Hygiene Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic-Preventing Trench Fever in Denver, Colorado, 2020. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:427-432. [PMID: 35895412 PMCID: PMC9393458 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight people with human body louse-borne Bartonella quintana infections were detected among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Denver during January-September 2020, prompting a public health investigation and community outreach. Public health officials conducted in-person interviews with PEH to more fully quantify body lice prevalence, transmission risk factors, access to PEH resources, and how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected resource access. Recent body lice exposure was reported by 35% of 153 interview participants. In total, 75% of participants reported reduced access to PEH services, including essential hygiene activities to prevent body lice, during Colorado's COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Future pandemic planning should consider hygiene resource allocation for PEH populations to prevent emerging and reemerging infections such as B. quintana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E. Marshall
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heather E. Martinez
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado
- Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tracy Woodall
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado
| | - Andrés Guerrero
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Rachel Herlihy
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jennifer House
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado
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Torrejón E, Sanches GS, Moerbeck L, Santos L, André MR, Domingos A, Antunes S. Molecular Survey of Bartonella Species in Stray Cats and Dogs, Humans, and Questing Ticks from Portugal. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070749. [PMID: 35889995 PMCID: PMC9323395 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonella spp. comprises emergent and re-emergent fastidious Gram-negative bacteria with worldwide distribution. Cats are the main reservoir hosts for Bartonella henselae and dogs represent opportunistic hosts for the bacteria. Even though ticks may also play a role in transmission, their competence as vectors for Bartonella spp. has not been totally understood. Considering only a few studies had a focus on screening Bartonella in animals, humans and ectoparasites in Portugal, this study aimed to address the molecular occurrence of Bartonella sp. in 123 stray cats, 25 stray dogs, 30 humans from Lisbon and 236 questing ticks within the country. Using a qPCR targeting the nuoG gene, it was possible to detect Bartonella sp. DNA on 20.32% of cat samples (25/123). From these positive samples, 13 sequences were characterized as B. henselae, 11 as B. clarridgeiae and 1 presented co-infection with both species. The absolute quantification of nuoGBartonella DNA in sampled cats ranged from 2.78 × 10 to 1.03 × 105 copies/µL. The sampled dogs, humans and ticks were negative. These results showed that B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae are circulating in stray cats from Lisbon. Additional and more extended studies should be conducted to determine the impact of such infections on humans, particularly those in constant and direct contact with cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Torrejón
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.T.); (G.S.S.); (L.M.); (L.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Gustavo Seron Sanches
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.T.); (G.S.S.); (L.M.); (L.S.); (S.A.)
- Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Moerbeck
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.T.); (G.S.S.); (L.M.); (L.S.); (S.A.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GHTM-IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lenira Santos
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.T.); (G.S.S.); (L.M.); (L.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ana Domingos
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.T.); (G.S.S.); (L.M.); (L.S.); (S.A.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GHTM-IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Sandra Antunes
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.T.); (G.S.S.); (L.M.); (L.S.); (S.A.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GHTM-IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
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Oumarou Hama H, Aboudharam G, Barbieri R, Lepidi H, Drancourt M. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of human infectious diseases: a review. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:17. [PMID: 35094696 PMCID: PMC8801197 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies is a useful diagnostic method for detecting pathogen antigens in fixed tissues, complementing the direct diagnosis of infectious diseases by PCR and culture on fresh tissues. It was first implemented in a seminal publication by Albert Coons in 1941. MAIN BODY Of 14,198 publications retrieved from the PubMed, Google, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases up to December 2021, 230 were selected for a review of IHC techniques, protocols and results. The methodological evolutions of IHC and its application to the diagnosis of infectious diseases, more specifically lice-borne diseases, sexually transmitted diseases and skin infections, were critically examined. A total of 59 different pathogens have been detected once in 22 different tissues and organs; and yet non-cultured, fastidious and intracellular pathogens accounted for the vast majority of pathogens detected by IHC. Auto-IHC, incorporating patient serum as the primary antibody, applied to diseased heart valves surgically collected from blood culture-negative endocarditis patients, detected unidentified Gram-positive cocci and microorganisms which were subsequently identified as Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae and Tropheryma whipplei. The application of IHC to ancient tissues dated between the ends of the Ptolemaic period to over 70 years ago, have also contributed to paleomicrobiology diagnoses. CONCLUSION IHC plays an important role in diagnostic of infectious diseases in tissue samples. Paleo-auto-IHC derived from auto-IHC, is under development for detecting non-identified pathogens from ancient specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamadou Oumarou Hama
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille-Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Gérard Aboudharam
- Aix-Marseille-Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille-Univ., Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, Marseille, France
| | - Rémi Barbieri
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille-Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- Aix-Marseille-Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille-Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Robert M, Lecomte R, Michel M, Guimbretiere G, Croizier G, Corvec S, Leroy A. Bartonella quintana infective endocarditis in a homeless man with unexpected positive blood culture. IDCases 2022; 30:e01647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Mai BHA. Seroprevalence of Bartonella quintana infection: A systematic review. J Glob Infect Dis 2022; 14:50-56. [PMID: 35910824 PMCID: PMC9336607 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_220_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bartonella quintana is an anaerobic bacillus whose main target is the erythrocyte. This bacterium transmitted by the body louse notably infected the soldiers of the First World War from where the name of this disease: fever of the trenches. The 90s marked the return of this bacterial infection. B. quintana infection in the homeless was reported in the literature with a high incidence in these populations worldwide. This upsurge of cases justified this study for a better understanding of B. quintana infections. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the seroprevalence of B. quintana infection by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to collect scientific papers from PubMed and Google Scholar based on combining keywords. Results: The review included 45 articles published from April 1996 to March 2020 with 84 subpopulations of 21 countries from 4 continents; among them, 61 subpopulations had a positive rate from 0.2% to 65%. These subpopulations were divided into four main groups: homeless people, healthy people, blood donors, and symptoms/diseases. Homeless people were the main target of this infection, and three factors related to susceptibility were homeless period, age, and alcoholism. 6/11, 12/20, and 32/41 subpopulations of healthy people, blood donors, symptoms/diseases, respectively, had a positive percentage. However, factors of exposure in these three groups were not mentioned. Other reservoirs, vectors, and transmitted routes were identified to partially explain the worldwide spread of the infection, and it is important to have more further investigations to identify potential risk factors. This will help to limit contamination and prevent effectively. Conclusions: This serological overview indicated the importance of B. quintana infection that has emerged in multiple regions, touched worldwide populations.
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Landes M, Maor Y, Mercer D, Habot-Wilner Z, Bilavsky E, Chazan B, Cohen R, Glikman D, Strahilevitz J, Katzir M, Litachevsky V, Melamed R, Guri A, Shaked H, Perets O, Wiener-Well Y, Stren A, Paul M, Zimhony O, Srugo I, Rahav G, Bishara J, Kuperman AA, Ben-Ami R, Ephros M, Giladi M. Cat Scratch Disease Presenting as Fever of Unknown Origin Is a Unique Clinical Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:2818-2824. [PMID: 31758684 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a rare manifestation of cat scratch disease (CSD). Data regarding CSD-associated FUO (CSD-FUO), particularly in adults, are limited. We aimed to study disease manifestations and long-term clinical outcome. METHODS A national CSD surveillance study has been conducted in Israel since 1991. Data are obtained using questionnaires, review of medical records, and telephone interviews. FUO was defined as fever of ≥14 days without an identifiable cause. CSD-FUO patients were identified in the 2004-2017 CSD national registry. Follow-up included outpatient clinic visits and telephone/e-mail surveys. RESULTS The study included 66 CSD-FUO patients. Median age was 35.5 years (range, 3-88). Median fever duration was 4 weeks (range, 2-9). Relapsing fever pattern was reported in 52% of patients, weight loss in 57%, and night sweats in 48%. Involvement of ≥1 organs occurred in 59% of patients; hepatosplenic space-occupying lesions (35%), abdominal/mediastinal lymphadenopathy (20%), ocular disease (18%), and multifocal osteomyelitis (6%) were the most common. Malignancy, particularly lymphoma, was the initial radiological interpretation in 21% of patients; 32% underwent invasive diagnostic procedures. Of the 59 patients available for follow-up (median duration, 31 weeks; range, 4-445), 95% had complete recovery; 3 patients remained with ocular sequelae. CONCLUSION This is the first attempt to characterize CSD-FUO as a unique syndrome that may be severe and debilitating and often mimics malignancy. Relapsing fever is a common clinical phenotype. Multiorgan involvement is common. Recovery was complete in all patients except in those with ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Landes
- Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yasmin Maor
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Diego Mercer
- Department of Radiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Habot-Wilner
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efraim Bilavsky
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bibiana Chazan
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel, and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Regev Cohen
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sanz Medical Center, Laniado Hospital, Netanya, Israel, and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Glikman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Jacob Strahilevitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Katzir
- Infectious Disease Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | | | - Rimma Melamed
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alex Guri
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel, and School of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hila Shaked
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Odelya Perets
- Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonit Wiener-Well
- Infectious Disease Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Stren
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Paul
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oren Zimhony
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel, and School of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isaac Srugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jihad Bishara
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir A Kuperman
- Blood Coagulation Service and Pediatric Hematology Clinic, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel, and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Ronen Ben-Ami
- Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Ephros
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Carmel Medical Center and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Giladi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Oumarou Hama H, Hamada A, Aboudharam G, Ghigo É, Drancourt M. Human dental pulp stem cells: A sanctuary for relapsing Bartonella quintana. Microb Pathog 2021; 153:104797. [PMID: 33609646 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bartonella quintana is a facultative intracellular bacterium responsible for relapsing fever, an example of non-sterilizing immunity. The cellular sanctuary of B. quintana in-between febrile relapses remains unknown but repeated detection of B. quintana in dental pulp specimens suggested long-term half-life dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) as candidates. As the capacity of DPSCs to internalize microscopic particles was unknown, we confirmed that DPSCs internalized B. quintana bacteria: Gimenez staining and fluorescence microscopy localized B. quintana bacteria inside DPSCs and this internalization did not affect the cellular multiplication of DPSCs during a one-month follow-up despite the increase in the bacterial load. B. quintana-infected DPSCs did not produce Tumor Necrosis Factor-α whereas an important production of Monocytes Chemoattractant Protein-1 was observed. These unprecedented observations suggest the possibility that DPSCs are shelters for the long-term persistence of B. quintana in the host, warranting further experimental and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamadou Oumarou Hama
- Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille-Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Attoumani Hamada
- Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille-Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Gérard Aboudharam
- Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille-Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; UFR Odontologie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Éric Ghigo
- Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille-Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Abstract
During the two World Wars, Bartonella quintana was responsible for trench fever and is now recognised as an agent of re-emerging infection. Many reports have indicated widespread B. quintana exposure since the 1990s. In order to evaluate its prevalence in ancient populations, we used real-time PCR to detect B. quintana DNA in 400 teeth collected from 145 individuals dating from the 1st to 19th centuries in nine archaeological sites, with the presence of negative controls. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the prevalence of B. quintana in civil and military populations. B. quintana DNA was confirmed in a total of 28/145 (19.3%) individuals, comprising 78 citizens and 67 soldiers, 20.1% and 17.9% of which were positive for B. quintana bacteraemia, respectively. This study analysed previous studies on these ancient samples and showed that the presence of B. quintana infection followed the course of time in human history; a total of 14/15 sites from five European countries had a positive prevalence. The positive rate in soldiers was higher than those of civilians, with 20% and 18.8%, respectively, in the 18th and 19th centuries, but the difference in frequency was not significant. These results confirmed the role of dental pulp in diagnosing B. quintana bacteraemia in ancient populations and showed the incidence of B. quintana in both civilians and soldiers.
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Barbieri R, Drancourt M, Raoult D. The role of louse-transmitted diseases in historical plague pandemics. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 21:e17-e25. [PMID: 33035476 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The rodent-murine ectoparasite-human model of plague transmission does not correspond with historical details around plague pandemics in Europe. New analysis of ancient genomes reveal that Yersinia pestis was unable to be transmitted by rat fleas until around 4000 Before Present, which challenges the rodent-murine ectoparasite-human model of plague transmission and historical details around plague pandemics in Europe. In this Review, we summarise data regarding Y pestis transmission by human lice in the context of genomic evolution and co-transmission of other major epidemic deadly pathogens throughout human history, with the aim of broadening our view of plague transmission. Experimental models support the efficiency of human lice as plague vectors through infected faeces, which suggest that Y pestis could be a louse-borne disease, similar to Borrelia recurrentis, Rickettsia prowazekii, and Bartonella quintana. Studies have shown that louse-borne outbreaks often involve multiple pathogens, and several cases of co-transmission of Y pestis and B quintana have been reported. Furthermore, an exclusive louse-borne bacterium, namely B recurrentis, was found to be circulating in northern Europe during the second plague pandemic (14th-18th century). Current data make it possible to attribute large historical pandemics to multiple bacteria, and suggests that human lice probably played a preponderant role in the interhuman transmission of plague and pathogen co-transmission during previous large epidemics, including plague pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Barbieri
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Établissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie Bio-culturelle, Droit, Éthique et Santé, Marseille, France; Fondation Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Fondation Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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A 2,000-year-old specimen with intraerythrocytic Bartonella quintana. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10069. [PMID: 32572066 PMCID: PMC7308320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Photogrammetry and cascading microscopy investigations of dental pulp specimens collected from 2,000-year-old individuals buried in a Roman necropolis in Besançon, France, revealed unprecedented preserved tissular and cellular morphology. Photogrammetry yielded 3-D images of the smallest archaeological human remains ever recovered. Optical microscopy examinations after standard haematoxylin-phloxine-saffron staining and anti-glycophorin A immunohistochemistry exposed dental pulp cells, in addition erythrocytes were visualised by electron microscopy, which indicated the ancient dental pulp trapped a blood drop. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation applied on red blood cells revealed the louse-borne pathogen Bartonella quintana, a finding confirmed by polymerase chain reaction assays. Through paleohistology and paleocytology, we demonstrate that the ancient dental pulp preserved intact blood cells at the time of the individual's death, offering an unprecedented opportunity to engage in direct and indirect tests to diagnose pathogens in ancient buried individuals.
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López-Valencia D, Medina-Ortega ÁP, Hoyos-Samboní DF, Salguero C, Vásquez-Arteaga LR. Pediculosis capitis y transmisión potencial de enfermedades infecciosas reemergentes en Colombia. Revisión de la literatura. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n2.76604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La infestación por piojos de la cabeza en humanos (Pediculus humanus capitis) se conoce como pediculosis capitis. Estos parásitos pueden ser vectores de enfermedades infecciosas con potencial reemergente.Objetivos. Revisar la literatura actual sobre las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza y realizar una breve descripción de sus manifestaciones clínicas.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO y Redalyc mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: años de publicación: 1938 a 2019; idioma: inglés y español; términos de búsqueda: “Pediculus”, “lice infestations”, “bacteria”, “emerging communicable diseases”, “Rickettsia”, “Bartonella”, “Borrelia”, “Acinetobacter”, “Yersinia“, and “Colombia”, y sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. De los 110 artículos incluidos, la mayoría correspondió a investigaciones originales (48.2%). A nivel mundial, numerosos estudios han reportado la transmisión de Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella quintana, Borrelia recurrentis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii y Yersinia pestis, entre otras bacterias, por los piojos de la cabeza y del cuerpo en humanos.Conclusiones. Aunque las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza son raras, guardan potencial reemergente en poblaciones afectadas por migraciones humanas, crisis sociopolíticas, indigencia e inmunosupresión. En Colombia no se han realizado investigaciones sobre la transmisión de estas enfermedades por Pediculus spp., por lo que se sugiere que en estudios futuros se determine la prevalencia y los aspectos epidemiológicos de las enfermedades transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza en población colombiana.
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Machín L, Tamargo B, Piñón A, Atíes RC, Scull R, Setzer WN, Monzote L. Bixa orellana L. (Bixaceae) and Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Amaranthaceae) Essential Oils Formulated in Nanocochleates against Leishmania amazonensis. Molecules 2019; 24:E4222. [PMID: 31757083 PMCID: PMC6930544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus. The absence of effective vaccines and the limitations of current treatments make the search for effective therapies a real need. Different plant-derived essential oils (EOs) have shown antileishmanial effects, in particular from Bixa orellana L. (EO-Bo) and Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (EO-Da). In the present study, the EO-Bo and EO-Da, formulated in nanocochleates (EO-Bo-NC and EO-Da-NC, respectively), were evaluated in vitro and in vivo against L. amazonensis. The EO-Bo-NC and EO-Da-NC did not increase the in vitro inhibitory activity of the EOs, although the EO-Bo-NC showed reduced cytotoxic effects. In the animal model, both formulations (30 mg/kg/intralesional route/every 4 days/4 times) showed no deaths or weight loss greater than 10%. In the animal (mouse) model, EO-Bo-NC contributed to the control of infection (p < 0.05) in comparison with EO-Bo treatment, while the mice treated with EO-Da-NC exhibited larger lesions (p < 0.05) compared to those treated with EO-Da. The enhanced in vivo activity observed for EO-Bo-NC suggests that lipid-based nanoformulations like nanocochleates should be explored for their potential in the proper delivery of drugs, and in particular, the delivery of hydrophobic materials for effective cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Machín
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana 17100, Cuba; (L.M.); (R.C.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Beatriz Tamargo
- Department of Physiological Science, Latin American School of Medical Sciences, Havana 11300, Cuba;
| | - Abel Piñón
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Havana 17100, Cuba;
| | - Regla C. Atíes
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana 17100, Cuba; (L.M.); (R.C.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Ramón Scull
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana 17100, Cuba; (L.M.); (R.C.A.); (R.S.)
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Research Network: Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNet NPND)
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Havana 17100, Cuba;
- Research Network: Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNet NPND)
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Lins KDA, Drummond MR, Velho PENF. Cutaneous manifestations of bartonellosis. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:594-602. [PMID: 31780437 PMCID: PMC6857551 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonellosis are diseases caused by any kind of Bartonella species. The infection manifests as asymptomatic bacteremia to potentially fatal disorders. Many species are pathogenic to humans, but three are responsible for most clinical symptoms: Bartonella bacilliformis, Bartonella quintana, and Bartonella henselae. Peruvian wart, caused by B. bacilliformis, may be indistinguishable from bacillary angiomatosis caused by the other two species. Other cutaneous manifestations include maculo-papular rash in trench fever, papules or nodules in cat scratch disease, and vasculitis (often associated with endocarditis). In addition, febrile morbilliform rash, purpura, urticaria, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, erythema marginatus, granuloma annularis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, granulomatous reactions, and angioproliferative reactions may occur. Considering the broad spectrum of infection and the potential complications associated with Bartonella spp., the infection should be considered by physicians more frequently among the differential diagnoses of idiopathic conditions. Health professionals and researchers often neglected this diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina de Almeida Lins
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Rovani Drummond
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Wang C, Fu J, Wang M, Cai Y, Hua X, Du Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Wang Z, Sheng H, Yin N, Liu X, Koehler JE, Yuan C. Bartonella quintana type IV secretion effector BepE-induced selective autophagy by conjugation with K63 polyubiquitin chain. Cell Microbiol 2018; 21:e12984. [PMID: 30463105 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bartonella effector proteins (named Beps) are substrates of VirB type IV secretion system for translocation into host cells evolved in Bartonella spp. Among these, BepE has been shown to protect cells from fragmentation effects triggered by other Beps and to promote in vivo dissemination of bacteria from the dermal site of inoculation to the bloodstream. Bacterial pathogens secreted effectors to modulate the interplay with host autophagy, either to combat autophagy to escape its bactericidal effect or to exploit autophagy to benefit intracellular replication. Here, we reported a distinct phenotype that selective autophagy in host cells is activated as a countermeasure, to attack BepE via conjugation with K63 polyubiquitin chain on BepE. We found that ectopic expression of Bartonella quintana BepE specifically induced punctate structures that colocalised with an autophagy marker (LC3-II) in host cells, in addition to filopodia and membrane ruffle formation. Two tandemly arranged Bartonella Intracellular Delivery (BID) domains in the BepE C-terminus, where ubiquitination of sister pairs of lysine residues was confirmed, were essential to activate host cell autophagy. Multiple polyubiquitin chain linkages of K27, K29, K33, and K63 were found to be conjugated at sites of K222 and K365 on BepE, of which K63 polyubiquitination on BepE K365 determined the selective autophagy (p62/SQSTM1 positive autophagy) independent of the PI3K pathway. Colocalisation of BepE with LAMP1 confirmed the maturation of BepE-induced autophagosomes in which BepE were targeted for degradation. Moreover, host cells employed selective autophagy to counter-attack BepE to rescue cells from BepE-induced endocytosis deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuguo Hua
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibiao Yang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxia Wang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Tongren hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Yin
- Xinhua hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jane E Koehler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and the Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Congli Yuan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Since the reclassification of the genus Bartonella in 1993, the number of species has grown from 1 to 45 currently designated members. Likewise, the association of different Bartonella species with human disease continues to grow, as does the range of clinical presentations associated with these bacteria. Among these, blood-culture-negative endocarditis stands out as a common, often undiagnosed, clinical presentation of infection with several different Bartonella species. The limitations of laboratory tests resulting in this underdiagnosis of Bartonella endocarditis are discussed. The varied clinical picture of Bartonella infection and a review of clinical aspects of endocarditis caused by Bartonella are presented. We also summarize the current knowledge of the molecular basis of Bartonella pathogenesis, focusing on surface adhesins in the two Bartonella species that most commonly cause endocarditis, B. henselae and B. quintana. We discuss evidence that surface adhesins are important factors for autoaggregation and biofilm formation by Bartonella species. Finally, we propose that biofilm formation is a critical step in the formation of vegetative masses during Bartonella-mediated endocarditis and represents a potential reservoir for persistence by these bacteria.
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Gabrial M, Islam S, Schaefer J, Pihlblad M. Case 3: Painless Vision Loss in an Adolescent. Pediatr Rev 2017; 38:385-386. [PMID: 28765202 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2016-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamim Islam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jamie Schaefer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Buffalo, NY
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Vayssier-Taussat M, Moutailler S, Féménia F, Raymond P, Croce O, La Scola B, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Identification of Novel Zoonotic Activity of Bartonella spp., France. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:457-62. [PMID: 26885624 PMCID: PMC4766919 DOI: 10.3201/eid2203.150269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
These bacteria may cause paucisymptomatic bacteremia and endocarditis in humans. Certain Bartonella species are known to cause afebrile bacteremia in humans and other mammals, including B. quintana, the agent of trench fever, and B. henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease. Reports have indicated that animal-associated Bartonella species may cause paucisymptomatic bacteremia and endocarditis in humans. We identified potentially zoonotic strains from 6 Bartonella species in samples from patients who had chronic, subjective symptoms and who reported tick bites. Three strains were B. henselae and 3 were from other animal-associated Bartonella spp. (B. doshiae, B. schoenbuchensis, and B. tribocorum). Genomic analysis of the isolated strains revealed differences from previously sequenced Bartonella strains. Our investigation identifed 3 novel Bartonella spp. strains with human pathogenic potential and showed that Bartonella spp. may be the cause of undifferentiated chronic illness in humans who have been bitten by ticks.
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27
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Amanzougaghene N, Mumcuoglu KY, Fenollar F, Alfi S, Yesilyurt G, Raoult D, Mediannikov O. High Ancient Genetic Diversity of Human Lice, Pediculus humanus, from Israel Reveals New Insights into the Origin of Clade B Lice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164659. [PMID: 27741281 PMCID: PMC5065229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, is subdivided into several significantly divergent mitochondrial haplogroups, each with particular geographical distributions. Historically, they are among the oldest human parasites, representing an excellent marker for tracking older events in human evolutionary history. In this study, ancient DNA analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), combined with conventional PCR, was applied to the remains of twenty-four ancient head lice and their eggs from the Roman period which were recovered from Israel. The lice and eggs were found in three combs, one of which was recovered from archaeological excavations in the Hatzeva area of the Judean desert, and two of which found in Moa, in the Arava region, close to the Dead Sea. Results show that the head lice remains dating approximately to 2,000 years old have a cytb haplogroup A, which is worldwide in distribution, and haplogroup B, which has thus far only been found in contemporary lice from America, Europe, Australia and, most recently, Africa. More specifically, this haplogroup B has a B36 haplotype, the most common among B haplogroups, and has been present in America for at least 4,000 years. The present findings confirm that clade B lice existed, at least in the Middle East, prior to contacts between Native Americans and Europeans. These results support a Middle Eastern origin for clade B followed by its introduction into the New World with the early peoples. Lastly, the presence of Acinetobacter baumannii DNA was demonstrated by qPCR and sequencing in four head lice remains belonging to clade A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Amanzougaghene
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille cedex 05, France
- Campus International UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Shir Alfi
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gonca Yesilyurt
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille cedex 05, France
- Campus International UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille cedex 05, France
- Campus International UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- * E-mail:
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28
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Ghidey FY, Igbinosa O, Mills K, Lai L, Woods C, Ruiz ME, Fishbein D, Sampath R, Lowery R, Wortmann G. Case series of Bartonella quintana blood culture-negative endocarditis in Washington, DC. JMM Case Rep 2016; 3:e005049. [PMID: 28348772 PMCID: PMC5330240 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prior studies (predominantly from Europe) have demonstrated blood culture-negative endocarditis due to Bartonella. Our objective was to describe three cases of Bartonella quintana endocarditis identified within one year at a large hospital in Washington, DC, USA. Case presentation: We constructed a descriptive case series from a retrospective review of medical records from April to December 2013 at an 800-bed urban hospital. All three patients (ages: 52, 55 and 57 years) were undomiciled/homeless men with a history of alcoholism. Although they had negative blood cultures, echocardiography demonstrated aortic/mitral valve perforation and regurgitation in one patient, aortic/mitral valve vegetation with mitral regurgitation in the second patient, and aortic valve vegetation with regurgitation in the third patient. The patients had positive Bartonella quintana serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) with negative immunoglobulin M (IgM). PCR on DNA extracted from cardiac valves was positive for Bartonella, and DNA sequencing of PCR amplicons identified Bartonella quintana. Patients received treatment with doxycycline/rifampin or doxycycline/gentamicin. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider Bartonella endocarditis as a differential diagnosis in patients who fit elements of the Duke Criteria, as well as having a history of homelessness and alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisseha Y Ghidey
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Osamuyimen Igbinosa
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Kristin Mills
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Leon Lai
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Christian Woods
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Maria E Ruiz
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Dawn Fishbein
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | | | - Robert Lowery
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Glenn Wortmann
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
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29
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Lockrow J, Longstreth W, Davis AP. Intracranial Aneurysms From Presumed Infective Endocarditis. Neurohospitalist 2016; 6:80-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1941874415605879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lockrow
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Will Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arielle P. Davis
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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30
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Torreggiani S, Filocamo G, Esposito S. Recurrent Fever in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:448. [PMID: 27023528 PMCID: PMC4848904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children presenting with recurrent fever may represent a diagnostic challenge. After excluding the most common etiologies, which include the consecutive occurrence of independent uncomplicated infections, a wide range of possible causes are considered. This article summarizes infectious and noninfectious causes of recurrent fever in pediatric patients. We highlight that, when investigating recurrent fever, it is important to consider age at onset, family history, duration of febrile episodes, length of interval between episodes, associated symptoms and response to treatment. Additionally, information regarding travel history and exposure to animals is helpful, especially with regard to infections. With the exclusion of repeated independent uncomplicated infections, many infective causes of recurrent fever are relatively rare in Western countries; therefore, clinicians should be attuned to suggestive case history data. It is important to rule out the possibility of an infectious process or a malignancy, in particular, if steroid therapy is being considered. After excluding an infectious or neoplastic etiology, immune-mediated and autoinflammatory diseases should be taken into consideration. Together with case history data, a careful physical exam during and between febrile episodes may give useful clues and guide laboratory investigations. However, despite a thorough evaluation, a recurrent fever may remain unexplained. A watchful follow-up is thus mandatory because new signs and symptoms may appear over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Torreggiani
- Pediatric Medium Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Filocamo
- Pediatric Medium Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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Vayssier-Taussat M, Moutailler S, Féménia F, Raymond P, Croce O, La Scola B, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Identification of Novel Zoonotic Activity of Bartonella spp., France. Emerg Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.3201/eid.2203.150269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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32
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Battisti JM, Lawyer PG, Minnick MF. Colonization of Lutzomyia verrucarum and Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) by Bartonella bacilliformis, the Etiologic Agent of Carrión's Disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004128. [PMID: 26436553 PMCID: PMC4593541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella bacilliformis is a pathogenic bacterium transmitted to humans presumably by bites of phlebotomine sand flies, infection with which results in a bi-phasic syndrome termed Carrión’s disease. After constructing a low-passage GFP-labeled strain of B. bacilliformis, we artificially infected Lutzomyia verrucarum and L. longipalpis populations, and subsequently monitored colonization of sand flies by fluorescence microscopy. Initially, colonization of the two fly species was indistinguishable, with bacteria exhibiting a high degree of motility, yet still confined to the abdominal midgut. After 48h, B. bacilliformis transitioned from bacillus-shape to a non-motile, small coccoid form and appeared to be digested along with the blood meal in both fly species. Differences in colonization patterns became evident at 72h when B. bacilliformis was observed at relatively high density outside the peritrophic membrane in the lumen of the midgut in L. verrucarum, but colonization of L. longipalpis was limited to the blood meal within the intra-peritrophic space of the abdominal midgut, and the majority of bacteria were digested along with the blood meal by day 7. The viability of B. bacilliformis in L. longipalpis was assessed by artificially infecting, homogenizing, and plating for determination of colony-forming units in individual flies over a 13-d time course. Bacteria remained viable at relatively high density for approximately seven days, suggesting that L. longipalpis could potentially serve as a vector. The capacity of L. longipalpis to transmit viable B. bacilliformis from infected to uninfected meals was analyzed via interrupted feeds. No viable bacteria were retrieved from uninfected blood meals in these experiments. This study provides significant information toward understanding colonization of sand flies by B. bacilliformis and also demonstrates the utility of L. longipalpis as a user-friendly, live-vector model system for studying this severely neglected tropical disease. In general, Bartonella infections are zoonooses and are transmitted to humans by hematophagous (blood eating) arthropods such as fleas, lice, ticks, mites and sand flies. Bartonella bacilliformis is found only in Andean regions of South America and is transmitted to humans by a few select species of sand flies, resulting in Carrión’s disease. Our current understanding is that Carrión’s disease is not a zoonosis, as an animal reservoir has not been identified. In this study, we analyzed B. bacilliformis colonization in two species of sand flies in an attempt to understand why Lutzomyia verrucarum is a competent vector and Lutzomyia longipalpis is incapable of transmitting this pathogen between humans. We found that B. bacilliformis remains in the abdominal midgut of the non-competent vector and is progressively digested until no viable bacteria remain (7d). Furthermore, large groups of L. longipalpis were used to demonstrate that this non-competent species is incapable of mechanically transmitting viable bacteria between artificial blood meals simply by contaminated mouthparts. In L. verrucarum, B. bacilliformis colonizes the lumen of the digestive tract beyond the intra-peritrophic space in large numbers and persists (>14d).
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Battisti
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Phillip G. Lawyer
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Minnick
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
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Kernif T, Leulmi H, Socolovschi C, Berenger JM, Lepidi H, Bitam I, Rolain JM, Raoult D, Parola P. Acquisition and excretion ofBartonella quintanaby the cat flea,Ctenocephalides felis felis. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:1204-12. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Kernif
- Aix Marseille Université; URMITE; UM63; CNRS 7278; IRD 198; Inserm 1095; Marseille 13005 France
- Institut Pasteur d'Algérie; Algiers 16015 Algeria
| | - Hamza Leulmi
- Aix Marseille Université; URMITE; UM63; CNRS 7278; IRD 198; Inserm 1095; Marseille 13005 France
| | - Cristina Socolovschi
- Aix Marseille Université; URMITE; UM63; CNRS 7278; IRD 198; Inserm 1095; Marseille 13005 France
| | - Jean-Michel Berenger
- Aix Marseille Université; URMITE; UM63; CNRS 7278; IRD 198; Inserm 1095; Marseille 13005 France
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- Aix Marseille Université; URMITE; UM63; CNRS 7278; IRD 198; Inserm 1095; Marseille 13005 France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix Marseille Université; URMITE; UM63; CNRS 7278; IRD 198; Inserm 1095; Marseille 13005 France
- Département de Biologie; Faculté des sciences; Université M'hamed Bougara Boumerdes; Boumerdes 35000 Algérie
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Université; URMITE; UM63; CNRS 7278; IRD 198; Inserm 1095; Marseille 13005 France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université; URMITE; UM63; CNRS 7278; IRD 198; Inserm 1095; Marseille 13005 France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Université; URMITE; UM63; CNRS 7278; IRD 198; Inserm 1095; Marseille 13005 France
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Liu M, Biville F. Managing iron supply during the infection cycle of a flea borne pathogen, Bartonella henselae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:60. [PMID: 24151576 PMCID: PMC3799009 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella are hemotropic bacteria responsible for emerging zoonoses. Most Bartonella species appear to share a natural cycle that involves an arthropod transmission, followed by exploitation of a mammalian host in which they cause long-lasting intra-erythrocytic bacteremia. Persistence in erythrocytes is considered an adaptation to transmission by bloodsucking arthropod vectors and a strategy to obtain heme required for Bartonella growth. Bartonella genomes do not encode for siderophore biosynthesis or a complete iron Fe3+ transport system. Only genes, sharing strong homology with all components of a Fe2+ transport system, are present in Bartonella genomes. Also, Bartonella genomes encode for a complete heme transport system. Bartonella must face various environments in their hosts and vectors. In mammals, free heme and iron are rare and oxygen concentration is low. In arthropod vectors, toxic heme levels are found in the gut where oxygen concentration is high. Bartonella genomes encode for 3–5 heme-binding proteins. In Bartonella henselae heme-binding proteins were shown to be involved in heme uptake process, oxidative stress response, and survival inside endothelial cells and in the flea. In this report, we discuss the use of the heme uptake and storage system of B. henselae during its infection cycle. Also, we establish a comparison with the iron and heme uptake systems of Yersinia pestis used during its infection cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Avian Disease Research Center, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu/Ya'an , Sichuan, China
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Fabietti A, Gaspari M, Krishnan S, Quirino A, Liberto MC, Cuda G, Focà A. Shotgun proteomic analysis of two Bartonella quintana
strains. Proteomics 2013; 13:1375-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fabietti
- Department of Health Sciences; Institute of Microbiology; “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Proteomics@UMG; “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Shibu Krishnan
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Proteomics@UMG; “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Angela Quirino
- Department of Health Sciences; Institute of Microbiology; “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Maria Carla Liberto
- Department of Health Sciences; Institute of Microbiology; “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Proteomics@UMG; “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Alfredo Focà
- Department of Health Sciences; Institute of Microbiology; “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro; Catanzaro Italy
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Džupová O, Peková S, Sojková N, Feuereisl R, Beneš J. Infective endocarditis due to Bartonella quintana: a severe disease and underdiagnosed etiology. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:491-4. [PMID: 23456350 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Džupová
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Na Bulovce Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Budinova 2, Prague, 180 81, Czech Republic,
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Hemin-binding proteins as potent markers for serological diagnosis of infections with Bartonella quintana. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:620-6. [PMID: 23408526 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00717-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to distinguish infections with different Bartonella species using commercially available immunofluorescence (indirect immunofluorescent antibody [IFA]) assay kits. To identify appropriate proteins for serodiagnosis of Bartonella quintana infections, we investigated the antigenicity of B. quintana proteins using sera from homeless people with high B. quintana IgG titers in IFA assay. These sera reacted strongly to an outer membrane protein, hemin-binding protein D (HbpD). Further, serum from an endocarditis patient infected with B. quintana reacted to HbpB and HbpD. To locate the antigenic sites within the proteins, we generated deletion mutants of HbpB and HbpD. Amino acid residues 89 to 220 of HbpB and 151 to 200 of HbpD were identified as the minimum regions required for recognition by these sera. Several oligopeptides comprising parts of the minimum regions of HbpB and HbpD were synthesized, and their immunoreactivity with the above-mentioned sera was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum from the endocarditis patient reacted similarly to synthetic peptides HbpB2 (amino acid residues 144 to 173 of HbpB) and HbpD3 (151 to 200 residues of HbpD), while sera from the other subjects reacted to HbpD3. These results indicate that synthetic peptides HbpB2 and HbpD3 might be suitable for developing serological tools for differential diagnosis of B. quintana infections from other Bartonella infections.
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Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Bartonellae are small, vector-transmitted Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that are well adapted to one or more mammalian reservoir hosts. Cats are the natural reservoir for Bartonella henselae, which is a (re-)emerging bacterial pathogen. It can cause cat scratch disease in humans and, in immunocompromised people, may lead to severe systemic diseases, such as bacillary angiomatosis. Cats bacteraemic with B henselae constitute the main reservoir from which humans become infected. Most cats naturally infected with B henselae show no clinical signs themselves, but other Bartonella species for which cats are accidental hosts appear to have more pathogenicity. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE Several studies have reported a prevalence of previous or current Bartonella species infection in cats of up to 36%. B henselae is common in cats worldwide, and bacteraemia can be documented by blood culture in about a quarter of healthy cats. The distribution of B henselae to various parts of the world has largely occurred through humans migrating with their pet cats. The pathogen is mainly transmitted from cat to cat by fleas, and the majority of infected cats derive from areas with high flea exposure. No significant difference in B henselae prevalence has been determined between male and female cats. In studies on both naturally and experimentally infected cats, chronic bacteraemia has mainly been found in cats under the age of 2 years, while those over 2 years of age are rarely chronically bacteraemic. EVIDENCE BASE This article reviews published studies and case reports on bartonellosis to explore the clinical significance of the infection in cats and its impact on humans. The article also discusses possible treatment options for cats and means of minimising the zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Stützer
- Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, LMU University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, LMU University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Differences in the ecology of Bartonella infections of Apodemus flavicollis and Myodes glareolus in a boreal forest. Parasitology 2012; 139:881-93. [PMID: 22336264 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182012000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology of Bartonella species infecting Apodemus flavicollis and Myodes glareolus in a forest in Eastern Poland was followed for 2 years using mark-recapture. Infections could be acquired in any month, but prevalence, and probability of infection, peaked in the summer. There were significant differences in the pattern of infections between the two species. Both hosts were primarily infected as juveniles, but the probability of infection was highest for A. flavicollis, which, evidence suggests, experienced longer-lasting infections with a wider range of Bartonella genotypes. There was no evidence of increased host mortality associated with Bartonella, although the infection did affect the probability of recapture. Animals could become re-infected, generally by different Bartonella genotypes. Several longer lasting, poorly resolved infections of A. flavicollis involved more than 1 genotype, and may have resulted from sequential infections. Of 22 Bartonella gltA genotypes collected, only 2 (both B. grahamii) were shared between mice and voles; all others were specific either to A. flavicollis or to M. glareolus, and had their nearest relatives infecting Microtus species in neighbouring fields. This heterogeneity in the patterns of Bartonella infections in wild rodents emphasizes the need to consider variation between both, host species and Bartonella genotypes in ecological and epidemiological studies.
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Murillo O, Mimbrera D, Petit A, Gil H, Anda P, Carrera M, Podzamczer D. Fatal bacillary angiomatosis mimicking an infiltrative vascular tumour in the immune restoration phase of an HIV-infected patient. Antivir Ther 2011; 17:405-7. [PMID: 22293094 DOI: 10.3851/imp1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacillary angiomatosis mainly affects the HIV-infected population. Information is limited on the evolution of bacillary angiomatosis during immune restoration following initiation of HAART. We report an unusual case of fatal Bartonella quintana bacillary angiomatosis occurring in an HIV-infected man during the immune restoration phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Murillo
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
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Biswas S, Rolain JM. Bartonella infection: treatment and drug resistance. Future Microbiol 2011; 5:1719-31. [PMID: 21133691 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella species, which belong to the α-2 subgroup of Proteobacteria, are fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that are highly adapted to their mammalian host reservoirs. Bartonella species are responsible for different clinical conditions affecting humans, including Carrion's disease, cat scratch disease, trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis and peliosis hepatis. While some of these diseases can resolve spontaneously without treatment, in other cases, the disease is fatal without antibiotic treatment. In this article, we discuss the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Bartonella species, detected using several methods. We also provide an overview of Bartonella infection in humans and animals and discuss the antibiotic treatment recommendations for the different infections, treatment failure and the molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance in these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpak Biswas
- CNRS-IRD, UMR 6236, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 boulevard Jean-Moulin, Marseille cedex 05, France
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Brouqui P. Arthropod-borne diseases associated with political and social disorder. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 56:357-374. [PMID: 20822446 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The living conditions and the crowded situations of the homeless, war refugees, or victims of a natural disaster provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice, fleas, ticks, flies and mites. The consequence of arthropod infestation in these situations is underestimated. Along with louse-borne infections such as typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever, the relationship between Acinetobacter spp.-infected lice and bacteremia in the homeless is not clear. Murine typhus, tungiasis, and myiasis are likely underestimated, and there has been a reemergence of bed bugs. Attempted eradication of the body louse, despite specific measures, has been disappointing, and infections with Bartonella quintana continue to be reported. The efficacy of ivermectin in eradicating the human body louse, although the effect is not sustained, might provide new therapeutic approaches. Arthropod-borne diseases continue to emerge within the deprived population. Public health programs should be engaged rapidly to control these pests and reduce the incidence of these transmissible diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Brouqui
- Faculté de Médecine, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, CNRS-IRD UMR 6236/198, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
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Holmes NE, Opat S, Kelman A, Korman TM. Refractory Bartonella quintana bacillary angiomatosis following chemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. J Med Microbiol 2010; 60:142-146. [PMID: 20947664 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.015867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillary angiomatosis is a well-recognized infection with cutaneous and systemic manifestations caused by Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana and occurs in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of B. quintana bacillary angiomatosis following fludarabine-based chemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia that was refractory to standard treatment and was complicated by lymphadenopathy and osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Stephen Opat
- Department of Haematology, Southern Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anthony Kelman
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Southern Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Tony M Korman
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Colton L, Zeidner N, Lynch T, Kosoy MY. Human isolates of Bartonella tamiae induce pathology in experimentally inoculated immunocompetent mice. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:229. [PMID: 20673363 PMCID: PMC2920874 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bartonella tamiae, a newly described bacterial species, was isolated from the blood of three hospitalized patients in Thailand. These patients presented with headache, myalgia, anemia, and mild liver function abnormalities. Since B. tamiae was presumed to be the cause of their illness, these isolates were inoculated into immunocompetent mice to determine their relative pathogenicity in inducing manifestations of disease and pathology similar to that observed in humans. Methods Three groups of four Swiss Webster female mice aged 15-18 months were each inoculated with 106-7 colony forming units of one of three B. tamiae isolates [Th239, Th307, and Th339]. A mouse from each experimental group was sampled at 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks post-inoculation. Two saline inoculated age-matched controls were included in the study. Samples collected at necropsy were evaluated for the presence of B. tamiae DNA, and tissues were formalin-fixed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined for histopathology. Results Following inoculation with B. tamiae, mice developed ulcerative skin lesions and subcutaneous masses on the lateral thorax, as well as axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy. B. tamiae DNA was found in subcutaneous masses, lymph node, and liver of inoculated mice. Histopathological changes were observed in tissues of inoculated mice, and severity of lesions correlated with the isolate inoculated, with the most severe pathology induced by B. tamiae Th239. Mice inoculated with Th239 and Th339 demonstrated myocarditis, lymphadenitis with associated vascular necrosis, and granulomatous hepatitis and nephritis with associated hepatocellular and renal necrosis. Mice inoculated with Th307 developed a deep dermatitis and granulomas within the kidneys. Conclusions The three isolates of B. tamiae evaluated in this study induce disease in immunocompetent Swiss Webster mice up to 6 weeks after inoculation. The human patients from whom these isolates were obtained had clinical presentations consistent with the multi-organ pathology observed in mice in this study. This mouse model for B. tamiae induced disease not only strengthens the causal link between this pathogen and clinical illness in humans, but provides a model to further study the pathological processes induced by these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Colton
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Multi-locus sequence typing of a geographically and temporally diverse sample of the highly clonal human pathogen Bartonella quintana. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9765. [PMID: 20333257 PMCID: PMC2841634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella quintana is a re-emerging pathogen and the causative agent of a variety of disease manifestations in humans including trench fever. Various typing methods have been developed for B. quintana, but these tend to be limited by poor resolution and, in the case of gel-based methods, a lack of portability. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been used to study the molecular epidemiology of a large number of pathogens, including B. henselae, a close relative of B. quintana. We developed a MLST scheme for B. quintana based on the 7 MLST loci employed for B. henselae with two additional loci to cover underrepresented regions of the B. quintana chromosome. A total of 16 B. quintana isolates spanning over 60 years and three continents were characterized. Allelic variation was detected in five of the nine loci. Although only 8/4270 (0.002%) of the nucleotide sites examined were variable over all loci, these polymorphisms resolved the 16 isolates into seven sequence types (STs). We also demonstrate that MLST can be applied on uncultured isolates by direct PCR from cardiac valve tissue, and suggest this method presents a promising approach for epidemiological studies in this highly clonal organism. Phylogenetic and clustering analyses suggest that two of the seven STs form a distinct lineage within the population.
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Koo M, Manalili S, Bankowski MJ, Sampath R, Hofstadler SA, Koo J. A "silent culture-negative" abdominal aortic mycotic aneurysm: Rapid detection of Bartonella species using PCR and high-throughput mass spectrometry. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 2010; 69:68-69. [PMID: 20397506 PMCID: PMC3104617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A gram-negative, rod-shaped microorganism was detected in a 69-year-old man suffering from chronic back pain but otherwise exhibiting no signs of infection. The bacterium could not be identified using any routine diagnostic modality. A research use only application utilizing PCR and Mass Spectrometry was performed on nucleic acid extracted from the tissue sample. These studies resulted in the implication of Bartonella quintana as the underlying cause of the infection. B. quintana is not a well-known cause of an abdominal aortic mycotic aneurysm. This article will discuss the B. quintana infection, its diagnosis and treatment, and reinforce the potential of B. quintana as a possible etiology in mycotic aneurysms that show no apparent indications of infection. It will also explore the potential use of polymerase chain reaction detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) to help identify B. quintana in a situation where other conventional methods prove non-informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Koo
- University of Hawai'i John A Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Gender Differences in Emerging Infectious Diseases. PRINCIPLES OF GENDER-SPECIFIC MEDICINE 2010. [PMCID: PMC7150108 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374271-1.00045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on gender differences in emerging infectious diseases. An urgent worldwide threat is posed by the introduction and spread of novel infectious diseases. The reasons for emerging infectious diseases are numerous and complex. Among the most significant explanations for these emerging diseases are changes in environment and ecology caused by natural phenomena such as droughts, hurricanes, and floods; and human-made phenomena such as agricultural development, urbanization, and denuding of forests. Worldwide conflict, including wars, ethnic cleansing, and genocide, have led to displacement of large populations into overcrowded settlements where safe water is not available and sanitation is poor. For example, unsanitary conditions led to a huge increase in the rat population in post-war Kosovo, resulting in a tularemia outbreak with 327 confirmed cases in 8 months. Regional conflict leads to breakdown in infection control, inadequate surveillance, impeded access to populations, and spread of infectious diseases through movement of refugees and aid workers. Increased precipitation, a result of climate change, leads to more agricultural run-off, allowing pathogens to enter drinking water systems. In developing countries where poverty and inadequate infrastructure are the norm, public health monitoring systems must be supported and improved so that new or more severe risks to health can be identified and curtailed. As new infectious diseases are recognized, critical issues arise regarding pregnant women and their unborn children. Physiologic changes during pregnancy and gestational age both alter decision-making regarding vaccinations and medications.
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Biswas S, Raoult D, Rolain JM. Molecular characterisation of resistance to rifampin in Bartonella quintana. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15 Suppl 2:100-1. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Magalhães RF, Pitassi LHU, Lania BG, Barjas-Castro ML, Velho PENF. Bartonellosis as Cause of Death After Red Blood Cell Unit Transfusion. Ultrastruct Pathol 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01913120902785567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Velho PENF, Pimentel V, Negro GMBD, Okay TS, Diniz PPVDP, Breitschwerdt EB. Severe Anemia, Panserositis, and Cryptogenic Hepatitis in an HIV Patient Infected withBartonella henselae. Ultrastruct Pathol 2009; 31:373-7. [DOI: 10.1080/01913120701696601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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