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Cacciotto C, Dore GM, Cubeddu T, Burrai GP, Anfossi AG, Antuofermo E, Varoni MV, Demontis MP, Zobba R, Pittau M, Müller M, Alberti A. Ovine papillomavirus type 3 virus-like particle-based tools for diagnosis and detection of infection. Vaccine 2024; 42:126033. [PMID: 38839520 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The design of prophylactic and diagnostic tools specific to animal papillomaviruses is hampered by the difficulties of viral in vitro manipulation and by the scarce availability of dedicated biotechnological tools. This paper reports the production of Ovine Papillomavirus 3 (OaPV3)-based virus-like particles (OaPV3-VLPs) in the baculovirus system and their use to investigate host humoral immune response through the establishment of an indirect ELISA test., Polyclonal sera and monoclonal antibodies were generated against OaPV3-VLPs, and their isotype and reactivity were determined. Additionally, antibodies allowed OaPV3 detection in ovine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples by immunohistochemistry. Results encourage the standardization of OaPV3-specific prophylactic and serological diagnostic tools, and open new perspectives for the study of host-viral interaction and SCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cacciotto
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Dore
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Varoni
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Piera Demontis
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zobba
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Alberti
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy.
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Thomson EE, Kelly ET, Beltman ME, Ryan EG. A retrospective case series of the surgical management of thirty-one penile fibropapilloma cases presented to University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital (UCDVH) between 2017 and 2023. Ir Vet J 2024; 77:6. [PMID: 38689369 PMCID: PMC11059740 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-024-00270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile fibropapilloma is a condition caused by bovine papilloma virus and is frequently encountered in young bulls. Penile fibropapillomatosis is thought to be spread through homosexual mounting behaviour. Fibropapillomas of the penis are painful, often bleed and can impede normal intromission. Treatment may range from allowing time for slow, spontaneous regression to surgical resection but recurrence following surgery is reported by some authors. CASE PRESENTATION Thirty one bulls that were presented to University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital from March 2017 to March 2023 for surgical resection of penile fibropapillomas were included in this retrospective case series. Twenty-seven of the 31 bulls (87%) were under two years of age. The majority (42%) of bulls presented were Hereford, but Angus, Charolais, Holstein-Friesian and Limousin breeds were also seen. Following examination and diagnosis of penile fibropapilloma, regional anaesthesia (xylazine-procaine epidural and internal pudendal nerve block) and standing surgical intervention (resection and cautery) was performed in each case. Phone call follow-up was performed by one author (EET) in all 31 cases and 2 cases out of the 28 that were contactable showed post-surgical recurrence of penile fibropapillomatosis (i.e., 7.1% recurrence rate). CONCLUSION This case series summarises the history and presenting findings of 31 bovine penile fibropapilloma cases and describes a regional anaesthetic and standing surgical approach for successful case management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh Elizabeth Thomson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Emmet Thomas Kelly
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Marijke Eileen Beltman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Eoin Gerard Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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3
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Polinas M, Cacciotto C, Zobba R, Antuofermo E, Burrai GP, Pirino S, Pittau M, Alberti A. Ovine papillomaviruses: Diversity, pathogenicity, and evolution. Vet Microbiol 2024; 289:109955. [PMID: 38160507 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The family Papillomaviridae includes a plethora of viral species infecting virtually all vertebrates excluding amphibians, with astonishing impact on human and animal health. Although more than 250 species have been described in humans, the total number of papillomaviruses (PVs) discovered in animals does not reach up to this number. In animals, PV infections are mostly asymptomatic or can cause variable clinical conditions ranging from self-limiting papillomas and other cutaneous and mucosal benign lesions to cancer. Most of animal PV types have been discovered in cattle, dogs, horses, and cats with other farm host species remaining overlooked. In particular, the number of PV types so far identified in sheep is limited. This paper comprehensively reviews ovine PVs features, including viral taxonomy and evolution; genome organization; viral tropism and pathogenesis; macroscopical features and histopathological patterns, as well as available diagnostics tools. Data are critically presented and discussed in terms of impact on veterinary and public health. The development of future dedicated research is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Polinas
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zobba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pirino
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy.
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4
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Paietta EN, Kraberger S, Regney M, Custer JM, Ehmke E, Yoder AD, Varsani A. Interspecies Papillomavirus Type Infection and a Novel Papillomavirus Type in Red Ruffed Lemurs ( Varecia rubra). Viruses 2023; 16:37. [PMID: 38257737 PMCID: PMC10818365 DOI: 10.3390/v16010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Papillomaviridae are a family of vertebrate-infecting viruses of oncogenic potential generally thought to be host species- and tissue-specific. Despite their phylogenetic relatedness to humans, there is a scarcity of data on papillomaviruses (PVs) in speciose non-human primate lineages, particularly the lemuriform primates. Varecia variegata (black-and-white ruffed lemurs) and Varecia rubra (red ruffed lemurs), two closely related species comprising the Varecia genus, are critically endangered with large global captive populations. Varecia variegata papillomavirus (VavPV) types -1 and -2, the first PVs in lemurs with a fully identified genome, were previously characterized from captive V. variegata saliva. To build upon this discovery, saliva samples were collected from captive V. rubra with the following aims: (1) to identify PVs shared between V. variegata and V. rubra and (2) to characterize novel PVs in V. rubra to better understand PV diversity in the lemuriform primates. Three complete PV genomes were determined from V. rubra samples. Two of these PV genomes share 98% L1 nucleotide identity with VavPV2, denoting interspecies infection of V. rubra by VavPV2. This work represents the first reported case of interspecies PV infection amongst the strepsirrhine primates. The third PV genome shares <68% L1 nucleotide identity with that of all PVs. Thus, it represents a new PV species and has been named Varecia rubra papillomavirus 1 (VarPV1). VavPV1, VavPV2, and VarPV1 form a new clade within the Papillomaviridae family, likely representing a novel genus. Future work diversifying sample collection (i.e., lemur host species from multiple genera, sample type, geographic location, and wild populations) is likely to uncover a world of diverse lemur PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.K.); (M.R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Melanie Regney
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.K.); (M.R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Joy M. Custer
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.K.); (M.R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Erin Ehmke
- Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA;
| | - Anne D. Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.K.); (M.R.); (J.M.C.)
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Tong P, Palidan N, Song X, Tian S, Zhang L, Wu G, Deng H, Jia C, Duan R, Suo Y, Pan J, Dang Y, Kuang L, Xie J. Abortion storm of Yili horses is associated with Equus caballus papillomavirus 2 variant infection. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:5. [PMID: 37999779 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Nine different species of Equus caballus papillomavirus (EcPV) and three bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) have been reported to infect horses. However, there are few descriptions of such infections in China. In our pioneer study on Chinese horses, we identified EcPV-2 in the nasal swabs (4/230, 1.7%) of Yili horses, and the semen (3/18, 16.7%) of thoroughbred horses. This indicated that EcPV is indeed hosted by horses in China, and that EcPV-2 might be transmitted though breeding. Further detection of EcPVs in the lung tissues of aborted fetuses of Yili horses, which were originally negative for equid herpes viruses, demonstrated EcPV-2 positivity in 19 of 50 samples, thereby indicating that EcPV-2 may be a new pathogen responsible for causing abortion. Thereafter, sequence analyses of the L1 genes of 26 EcPV-2 in China were performed, indicating that EcPV-2, which primarily infects horses in China, shared 98.3-99.9% nt identity with the published sequences for EcPV-2. These observations indicated that EcPV-2 identified in the current study were highly similar variants of the previously identified strains of EcPV-2. Phylogenetic analysis based on L1 gene sequences from GenBank showed that the EcPV-2 found in Chinese horses was closely related to and clustered together with an already known EcPV-2a lineage. Our study provides the first evidence related to EcPV-2 infection in Chinese horses, which can serve as a causative agent for Yili horse abortions, and may thus lay the foundation for a systematic and detailed epidemiological study of this infection in Chinese horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Tong
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Nuerlan Palidan
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Vocational Technical School of Zhaosu, Zhaosu, 835600, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- People's Government of Ziniquanzi Town, Ziniquanzi, 831502, China
| | - Shuyao Tian
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Aksu Regional Animal Disease Control and Diagnostic Center, Aksu, 843000, China
| | - Guiling Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Aksu Regional Animal Disease Control and Diagnostic Center, Aksu, 843000, China
| | - Haifeng Deng
- Zhaosu Horse Barn in Yili, Zhaosu, 835602, China
| | - Chenyang Jia
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Ruli Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Youtu Suo
- Zhaosu Horse Barn in Yili, Zhaosu, 835602, China
| | - Juanjuan Pan
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Yueyi Dang
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Ling Kuang
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
| | - Jinxin Xie
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
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Monod A, Koch C, Jindra C, Haspeslagh M, Howald D, Wenker C, Gerber V, Rottenberg S, Hahn K. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeting of BPV-1-Transformed Primary Equine Sarcoid Fibroblasts. Viruses 2023; 15:1942. [PMID: 37766348 PMCID: PMC10536948 DOI: 10.3390/v15091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine sarcoids (EqS) are fibroblast-derived skin tumors associated with bovine papillomavirus 1 and 2 (BPV-1 and -2). Based on Southern blotting, the BPV-1 genome was not found to be integrated in the host cell genome, suggesting that EqS pathogenesis does not result from insertional mutagenesis. Hence, CRISPR/Cas9 implies an interesting tool for selectively targeting BPV-1 episomes or genetically anchored suspected host factors. To address this in a proof-of-concept study, we confirmed the exclusive episomal persistence of BPV-1 in EqS using targeted locus amplification (TLA). To investigate the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of BPV-1 episomes, primary equine fibroblast cultures were established and characterized. In the EqS fibroblast cultures, CRISPR-mediated targeting of the episomal E5 and E6 oncogenes as well as the BPV-1 long control region was successful and resulted in a pronounced reduction of the BPV-1 load. Moreover, the deletion of the equine Vimentin (VIM), which is highly expressed in EqS, considerably decreased the number of BPV-1 episomes. Our results suggest CRISPR/Cas9-based gene targeting may serve as a tool to help further unravel the biology of EqS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Monod
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.M.)
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland (S.R.)
| | - Christoph Koch
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.M.)
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Research Group Oncology, University Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Maarten Haspeslagh
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Denise Howald
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland (S.R.)
| | | | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.M.)
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland (S.R.)
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland (S.R.)
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7
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Gysens L, Vanmechelen B, Maes P, Martens A, Haspeslagh M. Complete genomic characterization of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2 strains infers ongoing cross-species transmission between cattle and horses. Vet J 2023; 298-299:106011. [PMID: 37336425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Infection with bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 results in the most common skin tumor of horses, termed equine sarcoid. The persistent and recurrent nature of this tumor stands in contrast to the regressive nature of BPV-1/- 2 induced cutaneous papillomas in cattle. The circulation of horse-specific BPV-1/- 2 variants within equine populations has been suggested as a possible explanation for the difference in clinical presentation of BPV-1/- 2 infection between horses and cattle. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we identified 98 complete BPV-1/- 2 genomes using a Nanopore sequencing approach. Separate BPV-1/- 2 alignments were used to infer Bayesian phylogenetic trees. Phylogeny-trait association concerning host species was investigated using Bayesian Tip-association Significance software (BaTS) Overall, 179 unique BPV-1 and 128 BPV-2 substitutions were found. The E2 coding region in the viral genome exhibited an exceptionally high rate of non-synonymous mutations (81 %, n = 13/16). Interestingly, extensive deletions in the L1/L2 region (up to 1.5 kb) were found exclusively in horse-derived samples. Nevertheless, the most frequently detected single nucleotide polymorphisms were shared between equine and bovine hosts, which is in agreement with BaTS results indicating no phylogeny-host correlation. We found indications that horse-specific mutations might exist in subpopulations of equine derived BPV-1/- 2, but these did not result in horse-adapted genetic variants. Based on these observations, cross-species transmission from cattle to horses seems to be an ongoing process, rather than an ancient occurrence that has been followed by the circulation of horse-adapted BPV variants in the horse population..
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gysens
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - B Vanmechelen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49/Box 1040, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Maes
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49/Box 1040, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Martens
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Haspeslagh
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Schaefer EAF, Chu S, Wylie KM, Wylie TN, Griffith OL, Pearce JW, Johnson GC, Bryan JN, Flesner BK. Metagenomic Analysis of DNA Viruses with Targeted Sequence Capture of Canine Lobular Orbital Adenomas and Normal Conjunctiva. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1163. [PMID: 37317137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aims are: (1) to evaluate phenotypically normal canine conjunctival and orbital tissue and tissue from canine lobular orbital adenomas (CLOAs) for the presence of viral genomic material and (2) phylogenetically classify detected DNA viruses to determine if a DNA virus is associated with CLOAs. A total of 31 formalin fixed paraffin embedded CLOA tissue samples, 4 papillomas or sarcoid, and 10 fresh clinically normal conjunctival tissues were included in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from all samples and sequencing libraries were prepared. The libraries were molecularly indexed and pooled and viral DNA was enriched via targeted sequence capture utilizing ViroCap. The libraries were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform and compared to known viral DNA reference genomes to identify viral DNA. Carnivore parvovirus was identified in 6.4% and 20% of CLOA tissue and normal conjunctival samples, respectively. This study showed that conjunctival tissue from healthy dogs and CLOAs uncommonly harbor DNA viruses, and no DNA virus was associated with these tumors. Further studies are needed to evaluate the etiologic cause of CLOAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A F Schaefer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shirley Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kristine M Wylie
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Todd N Wylie
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Obi L Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jacqueline W Pearce
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gayle C Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Brian K Flesner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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9
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Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Brandt S. Immunotherapy of Equine Sarcoids—From Early Approaches to Innovative Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040769. [PMID: 37112681 PMCID: PMC10145708 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses and other equid species are frequently affected by bovine papillomavirus type 1 and/or 2 (BPV1, BPV2)-induced skin tumors termed sarcoids. Although sarcoids do not metastasize, they constitute a serious health problem due to their BPV1/2-mediated resistance to treatment and propensity to recrudesce in a more severe, multiple form following accidental or iatrogenic trauma. This review provides an overview on BPV1/2 infection and associated immune escape in the equid host and presents early and recent immunotherapeutic approaches in sarcoid management.
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10
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Hainisch EK, Jindra C, Kirnbauer R, Brandt S. Papillomavirus-like Particles in Equine Medicine. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020345. [PMID: 36851559 PMCID: PMC9966523 DOI: 10.3390/v15020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a family of small DNA tumor viruses that can induce benign lesions or cancer in vertebrates. The observation that animal PV capsid-proteins spontaneously self-assemble to empty, highly immunogenic virus-like particles (VLPs) has led to the establishment of vaccines that efficiently protect humans from specific PV infections and associated diseases. We provide an overview of PV-induced tumors in horses and other equids, discuss possible routes of PV transmission in equid species, and present recent developments aiming at introducing the PV VLP-based vaccine technology into equine medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund K. Hainisch
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterinary University, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterinary University, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Haematology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Reinhard Kirnbauer
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology (LVO), Department of Dermatology, Medical University, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterinary University, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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11
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Hamza E, Cosandey J, Gerber V, Koch C, Unger L. The potential of three whole blood microRNAs to predict outcome and monitor treatment response in sarcoid-bearing equids. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:87-98. [PMID: 35484337 PMCID: PMC9873782 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as biomarkers for equine sarcoid (ES) disease. In this study, the suitability of three whole blood miRNAs to diagnose ES and to predict and monitor the outcome of therapy was explored. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), expression levels of eca-miR-127, eca-miR-379, and eca-miR-432 in whole blood of ES-affected equids before and at least one year after therapy were compared to those of unaffected control equids. Associations of age, sex, species, diagnosis, and therapy outcome with miRNA expression levels were examined using general linear models. In total, 48 ES-affected equids and 47 control equids were recruited. From the affected animals, 31 responded favorably to treatment, and 17 demonstrated a failure of therapy. None of the tested miRNAs were influenced by age. Male equids showed increased expression of eca-miR-127 compared to females and horses showed higher expression levels of eca-miR-379 and eca-miR-432 than donkeys. Eca-miR-127 was confirmed as a diagnostic discriminator between ES-affected and control equids. No difference in miRNA profiles before therapy was found when comparing ES-affected equids with success vs. failure of therapy. Eca-miR-379 and eca-miR-432 decreased over time in horses where therapy was successful, but not in those cases where it failed. Biological variables influence equine whole blood miRNA expression, which may complicate biomarker validation. While none of the tested miRNAs could predict the response to therapy in ES-affected equids and eca-miR-127 showed poor diagnostic accuracy for ES, eca-miR-379 and eca-miR-432 miRNAs might allow refinement of monitoring of success of ES therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Hamza
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ,Departement of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - J. Cosandey
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - V. Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C. Koch
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Unger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Hainisch EK, Jindra C, Reicher P, Miglinci L, Brodesser DM, Brandt S. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 or 2 Virion-Infected Primary Fibroblasts Constitute a Near-Natural Equine Sarcoid Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122658. [PMID: 36560661 PMCID: PMC9781842 DOI: 10.3390/v14122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine sarcoids are common, locally aggressive skin tumors induced by bovine papillomavirus types 1, 2, and possibly 13 (BPV1, BPV2, BPV13). Current in vitro models do not mimic de novo infection. We established primary fibroblasts from horse skin and succeeded in infecting these cells with native BPV1 and BPV2 virions. Subsequent cell characterization was carried out by cell culture, immunological, and molecular biological techniques. Infection of fibroblasts with serial 10-fold virion dilutions (2 × 106-20 virions) uniformly led to DNA loads settling at around 150 copies/cell after four passages. Infected cells displayed typical features of equine sarcoid cells, including hyperproliferation, and loss of contact inhibition. Neither multiple passaging nor storage negatively affected cell hyperproliferation, viral DNA replication, and gene transcription, suggestive for infection-mediated cell immortalization. Intriguingly, extracellular vesicles released by BPV1-infected fibroblasts contained viral DNA that was most abundant in the fractions enriched for apoptotic bodies and exosomes. This viral DNA is likely taken up by non-infected fibroblasts. We conclude that equine primary fibroblasts stably infected with BPV1 and BPV2 virions constitute a valuable near-natural model for the study of yet unexplored mechanisms underlying the pathobiology of BPV1/2-induced sarcoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund K. Hainisch
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Division Molecular Oncology and Haematology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Paul Reicher
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea Miglinci
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela M. Brodesser
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-5308
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13
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Development of immunodiagnostic tools for in situ investigation of Ovis aries papillomavirus 3 (OaPV3). Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:641-649. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant lesion characterized by proliferation and transformation of keratinocytes in the epidermis and infiltrating derma. cSCC is reported in domestic and wild animal species, worldwide. The occurrence and development of cSCC rely on synergic multifactorial conditions, most importantly sunlight exposure and Papillomavirus (PV) infection. In sheep, the development of such lesions represents a threat both to animal welfare and milk production. Ovis aries papillomavirus 3 (OaPV3) is the main cSCC viral determinant and oncogenic properties of viral E6 and E7 proteins were preliminarily investigated. However, E6 and E7 role and mechanisms resulting in cSCC have not been fully clarified, mainly due to the lack specific immunological tools, such as antibodies for in situ detection of ovine papillomavirus. This paper reports the development of specific serological tools for the investigation of OaPV3 pathogenicity, and their preliminary use to screen 4 ovine cSSC formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Relevance of immunological tools to investigation of viral biological properties and diagnosis are also discussed.
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14
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Vichi G, Porcellato I, Mechelli L, Fantauzzo G, Razzuoli E, Modesto P, Mecocci S, Brachelente C. Co‐occurrence of papillomas related to
Equus caballus
papillomavirus type 2 and cutaneous habronemiasis. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Vichi
- BiEsseA Veterinary Laboratory MilanoItaly
| | | | - L. Mechelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine PerugiaItaly
| | | | - E. Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC) Genoa Italy
| | - P. Modesto
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC) Genoa Italy
| | - S. Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine PerugiaItaly
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15
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Assessment of BPV-1 Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase Genes Deregulation in the In Vivo and In Vitro Models Designed to Explore Molecular Nature of Equine Sarcoids. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081268. [PMID: 35455948 PMCID: PMC9025493 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent a family of enzymes capable of biocatalytically breaking down the structural and functional proteins responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity. This capability is widely used in physiological processes; however, imbalanced MMP activity can trigger the onset and progression of various pathological changes, including the neoplasmic transformation of different cell types. We sought to uncover molecular mechanisms underlying alterations in transcriptional profiles of genes coding for MMPs, which were comprehensively identified in equine adult dermal tissue bioptates, sarcoid-derived explants, and ex vivo expanded adult cutaneous fibroblast cell (ACFC) lines subjected to inducible oncogenic transformation into sarcoid-like cells. The results strongly support the hypothesis that the transcriptional activity of MMP genes correlates with molecular modifications arising in equine dermal cells during their conversion into sarcoid cells. The alterations in MMP transcription signatures occurs in both sarcoid tissues and experimentally transformed equine ACFC lines expressing BPV1-E4^E1 transgene, which were characterized by gene up- and down-regulation patterns.
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16
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Martano M, Altamura G, Power K, Liguori P, Restucci B, Borzacchiello G, Maiolino P. Beclin 1, LC3 and P62 Expression in Equine Sarcoids. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010020. [PMID: 35011126 PMCID: PMC8749869 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Equine sarcoids, caused by bovine papillomaviruses, are equine skin tumors of fibroblastic origin. It is well known that bovine papillomaviruses are able to interfere with the survival and proliferation of cells by regulating autophagy, a mechanism implicated in the breakdown and reuse of old and damaged cellular material. The present study focused on the evaluation in equine sarcoids and normal skins of the expression level of some of the main proteins involved in the autophagic pathway, such as Beclin 1, LC3 and P62, by immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. Results obtained in equine sarcoids suggested an alteration of the autophagic process which could lead to a predominance of a particular population of fibroblast. Those fibroblasts could survive longer in a hypoxic microenvironment and produce more and/or altered collagen, giving an origin to the equine sarcoid. Abstract Background: It is well known that δ-bovine papillomaviruses (BPV-1, BPV-2 and BPV-13) are one of the major causative agents of equine sarcoids, the most common equine skin tumors. Different viruses, including papillomaviruses, evolved ingenious strategies to modulate autophagy, a complex process involved in degradation and recycling of old and damaged material. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) analysis, the expression of the main related autophagy proteins (Beclin 1, protein light chain 3 (LC3) and P62), in 35 BPV1/2 positive equine sarcoids and 5 BPV negative normal skin samples. Results: Sarcoid samples showed from strong-to-moderate cytoplasmic immunostaining, respectively, for Beclin 1 and P62 in >60% of neoplastic fibroblasts, while LC3 immunostaining was weak to moderate in ≤60% of neoplastic fibroblasts. Western blot analysis confirmed the specificity of the antibodies and revealed no activation of autophagic flux despite Beclin 1 overexpression in sarcoid samples. Conclusion: Results could suggest the activation of the initial phase of autophagy in equine sarcoids, and its impairment during the following steps. The impairment of autophagy could lead to a selection of a quiescent population of fibroblasts, which survive longer in a hypoxic microenvironment and produced more and/or altered collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2536465; Fax: +39-081-2536186
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | | | - Brunella Restucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
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17
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Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Rümmele A, Wolschek M, Muster T, Brandt S. Influenza virus vector iNS1 expressing bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV1) antigens efficiently induces tumour regression in equine sarcoid patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260155. [PMID: 34797850 PMCID: PMC8604313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses types 1 and 2 (BPV1, BPV2) commonly induce skin tumours termed sarcoids in horses and other equids. Sarcoids seriously compromise the health and welfare of affected individuals due to their propensity to resist treatment and reoccur in a more severe form. We have developed influenza (Flu) A and B virus vectors that harbour a truncated NS1 gene (iNS) assuring interferon induction and co-express shuffled BPV1 E6 and E7 antigens for sarcoid immunotherapy. In a safety trial involving 12 healthy horses, intradermal administration of iNSA/E6E7equ and iNSB/E6E7equ was well tolerated, with the only transient side effect being mild fever in four horses. Repeated screening of secretions and faeces by RT-PCR and plaque assay revealed no virus shedding, thus also confirming biological safety. In a patient trial involving 29 horses bearing BPV1-induced single or multiple sarcoids, at least one lesion per horse was intratumourally injected and then boosted with iNSA/E6E7equ and/or iNSB/E6E7equ. The treatment induced a systemic antitumour response as reflected by the synchronous regression of injected and non-injected lesions. Irrespective of vaccination schemes, complete tumour regression was achieved in 10/29 horses. In 10/29 horses, regression is still ongoing (May 2021). Intriguingly, scrapings collected from former tumour sites in two patients tested negative by BPV1 PCR. Nine severely affected individuals with a history of unsuccessful therapeutic attempts did not (6/29) or only transiently (3/29) respond to the treatment. INSA/E6E7equ and iNSB/E6E7equ proved safe and effective in significantly reducing the tumour burden even in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jindra
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Division of Equine Surgery, Research Group Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edmund K. Hainisch
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Division of Equine Surgery, Research Group Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Rümmele
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Division of Equine Surgery, Research Group Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Sabine Brandt
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Division of Equine Surgery, Research Group Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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18
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Medeiros-Fonseca B, Abreu-Silva AL, Medeiros R, Oliveira PA, Gil da Costa RM. Pteridium spp. and Bovine Papillomavirus: Partners in Cancer. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:758720. [PMID: 34796228 PMCID: PMC8593235 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) are a cause for global concern due to their wide distribution and the wide range of benign and malignant diseases they are able to induce. Those lesions include cutaneous and upper digestive papillomas, multiple histological types of urinary bladder cancers—most often associated with BPV1 and BPV2—and squamous cell carcinomas of the upper digestive system, associated with BPV4. Clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidence shows that exposure to bracken fern (Pteridium spp.) and other related ferns plays an important role in allowing viral persistence and promoting the malignant transformation of early viral lesions. This carcinogenic potential has been attributed to bracken illudane glycoside compounds with immune suppressive and mutagenic properties, such as ptaquiloside. This review addresses the role of BPV in tumorigenesis and its interactions with bracken illudane glycosides. Current data indicates that inactivation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells by bracken fern illudanes plays a significant role in allowing viral persistence and lesion progression, while BPV drives unchecked cell proliferation and allows the accumulation of genetic damage caused by chemical mutagens. Despite limited progress in controlling bracken infestation in pasturelands, bracken toxins remain a threat to animal health. The number of recognized BPV types has steadily increased over the years and now reaches 24 genotypes with different pathogenic properties. It remains essential to widen the available knowledge concerning BPV and its synergistic interactions with bracken chemical carcinogens, in order to achieve satisfactory control of the livestock losses they induce worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Abreu-Silva
- Veterinary Sciences Department, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE)@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Biomedicine Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE)@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Post-graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), UFMA University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
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19
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Evidence from a Series of 104 Equine Sarcoids Suggests That Most Sarcoids in New Zealand Are Caused by Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2, although Both BPV1 and BPV2 DNA Are Detectable in around 10% of Sarcoids. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113093. [PMID: 34827825 PMCID: PMC8614326 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Equine sarcoids are common cancers of horses that are caused by bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs). Previous studies have suggested that most sarcoids are caused by either BPV1 or BPV2, with the proportion caused by each BPV type dependent on the country in which the horse lived. Additionally, some studies also suggest that other papillomavirus (PV) types could cause equine sarcoids. The study was comprised of 104 sarcoids from New Zealand horses and used both specific and consensus PCR primer sets. Overall, PV DNA was amplified from 90% of the sarcoids. Of the ones that contained BPV DNA, 88% contained only BPV2 DNA, 10% BPV1 and BPV2 DNA, and 2% only BPV1 DNA. Only the primers specific for BPV1 or specific for BPV2 amplified DNA and no other PV types were detected. There was little variability in the rates of detection between different regions of New Zealand and rates were consistent when two distinct time periods were compared. These results suggest that sarcoids from New Zealand horses are consistently most often caused by BPV2 and thus if vaccination is used to prevent these cancers, it will be important to use a vaccine that provides good protection against this BPV type. Abstract Equine sarcoids are common mesenchymal neoplasms of horses that are caused by cross-species infection by deltapapillomaviruses. While bovine papillomavirus (BPV) 1 and 2 are the most common causes, there are differences between countries regarding which of these BPV types cause the majority of sarcoids. Additionally, no causative PV can be detected in a subset of sarcoids, suggesting that other PV types could be rarer causes of these neoplasms. In the present study, consensus PCR primers and PCR primers specific for the five deltapapillomavirus types currently known to cause mesenchymal neoplasia (BPV1, BPV2, BPV13, BPV14, and Ovis aries PV2 DNA) were used to investigate the presence of PV DNA in 104 sarcoids from three defined regions in New Zealand and from two distinct time periods separated by 15 years. PV DNA was detected in 94 (90.4%) sarcoids. Of the sarcoids containing PV DNA, 83 (88.3%) contained only BPV2 DNA, 9 (9.6%) BPV1 and BPV2 DNA, and 2 (2.1%) only BPV1 DNA. No other PV types were detected. The predominance of BPV2 is consistent with studies of sarcoids from North America but dissimilar to studies of sarcoids from Europe and Australia. Detection rates of BPV1 and BPV2 were similar in sarcoids from different regions of New Zealand and in sarcoids from different time periods. These results suggest that most equine sarcoids in New Zealand are caused by BPV2 and thus if vaccines are developed to prevent sarcoids, vaccines that provide good protection against BPV2 will be required in this country.
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20
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The Development of Novel Primer Sets to Specifically Amplify Each of the Five Different Deltapapillomaviruses That Cause Neoplasia after Cross-Species Infection. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100208. [PMID: 34679038 PMCID: PMC8541201 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 are recognized as the main cause of equine sarcoids. However, some studies report that up to a quarter of these tumors do not contain detectible BPV1 or BPV2 DNA. The absence of detectible BPV1 or BPV2 in these sarcoids suggests the possible involvement of other papillomavirus types. Currently, five deltapapillomaviruses are recognized to cause mesenchymal neoplasia after cross-species infection. In addition to BPV1 and BPV2, BPV13 has been associated with equine sarcoids in Brazil, BPV14 has been associated with feline sarcoids, and Ovis aries papillomavirus 2 caused a sarcoid-like lesion in a pig. To investigate the cause of equine sarcoids, PCR primers were developed to specifically amplify each of the five different deltapapillomaviruses that have been associated with mesenchymal neoplasia. The specificity of these primers was confirmed using samples of formalin-fixed tissue known to contain each PV type. These primers allow rapid and sensitive detection of deltapapillomavirus DNA in equine sarcoids. As studies have revealed marked regional variability in the cause of equine sarcoids, these primers will be useful to determine the predominant PV type causing sarcoids in a region. Additionally, there is a single report describing mixed infections by BPV1 and BPV2 in equine sarcoids. The specific primer sets are expected to enable more sensitive detection of mixed infections in equine sarcoids. Determining the cause of equine sarcoids is important as vaccines are developed to prevent these common malignant neoplasms.
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21
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Jindra C, Kamjunke AK, Jones S, Brandt S. Screening for bovine papillomavirus type 13 (BPV13) in a European population of sarcoid-bearing equids. Equine Vet J 2021; 54:662-669. [PMID: 34459020 PMCID: PMC9292424 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 (BPV1 and BPV2) are accepted aetiological agents of equine sarcoids. Recently, genetically similar BPV13 has been identified from equine sarcoids in Brazil. OBJECTIVES To determine whether BPV13 DNA can be also found in sarcoid-affected horses in Austria, and donkeys in Northern Italy and the UK, and should hence be considered in the context of vaccine-mediated sarcoid prevention. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional study. METHODS A total of 194 archival, equine and asinine DNA isolates derived from confirmedly delta-BPV-positive tumours were subjected to quality control by photometric analysis and equine beta-actin PCR. Isolates with DNA concentrations >0.9 ng/µl and confirmed PCR-compatibility (n = 135) were subsequently screened for the presence of BPV13 DNA using BPV13-specific PCR primers for amplification of a 771 bp region comprising the BPV13 E5 gene. RESULTS BPV13 E5 PCR scored negative for all 135 samples. Included positive, negative and no-template controls yielded anticipated results, thus confirming reliability of obtained data. MAIN LIMITATIONS Moderate number of tested tumour DNA extracts (n = 135; equivalent to 127 tumour-affected equids). CONCLUSIONS Despite its moderate size, the sample was considered representative enough to suggest a low occurrence of BPV13 in Austria, as it randomly comprised equine patients of different breed, age, gender, and European provenience. BPV13 was not associated with tested sarcoids in rescued donkeys originating from several other European countries. Large-scale BPV13 screenings are necessary to allow for a more precise estimation of the prevalence and distribution of BPV13 infections in European equids suffering from sarcoid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jindra
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, University Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ann-Kristin Kamjunke
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, University Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, University Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Papillomaviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081664. [PMID: 34452528 PMCID: PMC8402708 DOI: 10.3390/v13081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are well established to cause hyperplastic papillomas (warts) in humans and animals. In addition, due to their ability to alter cell regulation, PVs are also recognized to cause approximately 5% of human cancers and these viruses have been associated with neoplasia in a number of animal species. In contrast to other domestic species, cats have traditionally been thought to less frequently develop disease due to PV infection. However, in the last 15 years, the number of viruses and the different lesions associated with PVs in cats have greatly expanded. In this review, the PV life cycle and the subsequent immune response is briefly discussed along with methods used to investigate a PV etiology of a lesion. The seven PV types that are currently known to infect cats are reviewed. The lesions that have been associated with PV infections in cats are then discussed and the review finishes with a brief discussion on the use of vaccines to prevent PV-induced disease in domestic cats.
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Tura G, Savini F, Gallina L, La Ragione RM, Durham AE, Mazzeschi M, Lauriola M, Avallone G, Sarli G, Brunetti B, Muscatello LV, Girone C, Bacci B. Fibroblast-associated protein-α expression and BPV nucleic acid distribution in equine sarcoids. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:1044-1050. [PMID: 34128437 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211022696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoids are the most common cutaneous tumor of equids and are caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV). Different clinical subtypes of sarcoids are well characterized clinically but not histologically, and it is not known whether viral activity influences the clinical or histological appearance of the tumors. The aim of this study was to verify whether the development of different clinical types of sarcoids or the presence of certain histological features were associated with BPV distribution within the tumor. The presence of BPV was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and visualized in histological sections by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in 74 equine sarcoids. Furthermore, to better characterize the molecular features of neoplastic cells, immunohistochemistry for S100, smooth muscle actin-α (αSMA), and fibroblast-associated protein-α (FAPα) was performed. The presence of BPV was confirmed in all tissues examined by either or both PCR and CISH (72/74, 97% each). Of 70/74 CISH-positive cases, signal distribution appeared as either diffuse (61/70, 87%) or subepithelial (9/70, 13%); the latter was more frequently observed in the verrucous subtype. However, no statistically significant association was found between clinical subtypes and specific histological features or hybridization pattern. Moreover, CISH signal for BPV was not detected in the epidermis overlying sarcoids nor in the tissue surrounding the neoplasms. By immunohistochemistry, αSMA confirmed the myofibroblastic differentiation of neoplastic cells in 28/74 (38%) sarcoids. Using tissue microarrays, FAPα labelling was observed in neoplastic fibroblasts of all sarcoids, suggesting this marker as a potential candidate for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of sarcoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Tura
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gallina
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Andy E Durham
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, 417508University of Surrey, UK.,Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, UK
| | - Martina Mazzeschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa V Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Girone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, 9296University of Bologna, Italy
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Jones
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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25
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EQUINE SARCOIDS IN CAPTIVE WILD EQUIDS: DIAGNOSTIC AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF 16 CASES-A POSSIBLE PREDISPOSITION OF THE EUROPEAN COHORT OF SOMALI WILD ASS ( EQUUS AFRICANUS SOMALIENSIS)? J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:28-37. [PMID: 33827158 DOI: 10.1638/2020-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine sarcoids (ES) were diagnosed in 12 Somali wild asses (SWA) (Equus africanus somaliensis) from 10 different institutions of the SWA European Endangered Species Programme from 1976 to 2019. Samples of surgically excised masses, biopsies, or necropsy samples were submitted for histologic and virologic analysis. In addition, tissue samples from one onager (Equus hemionus onager), one kulan (Equus hemionus kulan), and two Hartmann's mountain zebras (HMZ) (Equus zebra hartmannae) were examined. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of ES exhibiting the typical microscopic features. Polymerase chain reaction detected bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) DNA in eight SWA samples and bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV2) DNA in one SWA sample. The onager, kulan, and one HMZ sample tested positive for BPV1. The other HMZ tested positive for BPV1 and BPV2. This is the first report of ES in an onager. Surgical excision was the treatment elected by most veterinarians. A follow-up survey of the cases over several years after clinical diagnosis and therapy revealed variable individual outcome with ES recurrence in four cases. Three SWA and the kulan were euthanized due to the severity of the lesions. Nine affected SWA were males with seven having a sarcoid located at the prepuce. Because a genetic disposition is a risk factor for the development of ES in horses, this may also be true for endangered wild equids with few founder animals in their studbook history. Innovative approaches regarding therapy and prevention of ES in wild equids are therefore highly encouraged.
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Kattner P, Zeiler K, Herbener VJ, Ferla-Brühl KL, Kassubek R, Grunert M, Burster T, Brühl O, Weber AS, Strobel H, Karpel-Massler G, Ott S, Hagedorn A, Tews D, Schulz A, Prasad V, Siegelin MD, Nonnenmacher L, Fischer-Posovszky P, Halatsch ME, Debatin KM, Westhoff MA. What Animal Cancers teach us about Human Biology. Theranostics 2021; 11:6682-6702. [PMID: 34093847 PMCID: PMC8171098 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers in animals present a large, underutilized reservoir of biomedical information with critical implication for human oncology and medicine in general. Discussing two distinct areas of tumour biology in non-human hosts, we highlight the importance of these findings for our current understanding of cancer, before proposing a coordinated strategy to harvest biomedical information from non-human resources and translate it into a clinical setting. First, infectious cancers that can be transmitted as allografts between individual hosts, have been identified in four distinct, unrelated groups, dogs, Tasmanian devils, Syrian hamsters and, surprisingly, marine bivalves. These malignancies might hold the key to improving our understanding of the interaction between tumour cell and immune system and, thus, allow us to devise novel treatment strategies that enhance anti-cancer immunosurveillance, as well as suggesting more effective organ and stem cell transplantation strategies. The existence of these malignancies also highlights the need for increased scrutiny when considering the existence of infectious cancers in humans. Second, it has long been understood that no linear relationship exists between the number of cells within an organism and the cancer incidence rate. To resolve what is known as Peto's Paradox, additional anticancer strategies within different species have to be postulated. These naturally occurring idiosyncrasies to avoid carcinogenesis represent novel potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kattner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Zeiler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena J. Herbener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Grunert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Republic
| | - Oliver Brühl
- Laboratorio Analisi Sicilia Catania, Lentini; SR, Italy
| | - Anna Sarah Weber
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hannah Strobel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sibylle Ott
- Animal Research Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vikas Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus D. Siegelin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Nonnenmacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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First Report of Phodopus sungorus Papillomavirus Type 1 Infection in Roborovski Hamsters ( Phodopus roborovskii). Viruses 2021; 13:v13050739. [PMID: 33922632 PMCID: PMC8145573 DOI: 10.3390/v13050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are considered highly species-specific with cospeciation as the main driving force in their evolution. However, a recent increase in the available PV genome sequences has revealed inconsistencies in virus–host phylogenies, which could be explained by adaptive radiation, recombination, host-switching events and a broad PV host range. Unfortunately, with a relatively low number of animal PVs characterized, understanding these incongruities remains elusive. To improve knowledge of biology and the spread of animal PV, we collected 60 swabs of the anogenital and head and neck regions from a healthy colony of 30 Roborovski hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii) and detected PVs in 44/60 (73.3%) hamster samples. This is the first report of PV infection in Roborovski hamsters. Moreover, Phodopus sungorus papillomavirus type 1 (PsuPV1), previously characterized in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), was the only PV detected in Roborovski hamsters. In addition, after a detailed literature search, review and summary of published evidence and construction of a tanglegram linking the cladograms of PVs and their hosts, our findings were discussed in the context of available knowledge on PVs described in at least two different host species.
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Sarcoid in the Lower Eyelid Due to Bovine Papillomavirus-2 in a Donkey (Equus Asinus). ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sarcoid tumors were described by means of histopathological and molecular procedures in a 5-year-old donkey. Histopathological examination showed epithelial changes including hyperkeratosis, epithelial hyperplasia, koilocytosis, and rete peg formation. Neoplastic fibroblastic cells were plumb, large spindle to stellate and embedded in dense collagenous tissue. Results of Polymerase Chain Reaction and DNA sequence analysis showed that the etiological agent belonged to Bovine Papilloma Virus-II species in the delta papilloma virus genus. This case study represents the first report demonstrating the presence of Bovine Papilloma Virus-II in donkey sarcoid.
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Ogłuszka M, Starzyński RR, Pierzchała M, Otrocka-Domagała I, Raś A. Equine Sarcoids-Causes, Molecular Changes, and Clinicopathologic Features: A Review. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:472-482. [PMID: 33461443 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820985114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Equine sarcoid is the most common skin tumor of horses. Clinically, it occurs as a locally invasive, fibroblastic, wart-like lesion of equine skin, which has 6 clinical classes: occult, verrucose, nodular, fibroblastic, mixed, and malignant. Sarcoids may be single but multiple lesions are more frequent. The typical histological feature is increased density of dermal fibroblasts which form interlacing bundles and whorls within the dermis. Lesions are mostly persistent, resist therapy, and tend to recur following treatment. In general, sarcoids are not fatal but their location, size, and progression to the more aggressive form may lead to the withdrawal of a horse from use and serious infringement of their welfare leading to the loss of valuable animals. Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) type 1 and less commonly type 2 contribute to the development of equine sarcoid. The viral genome and proteins are detected in a high percentage of cases. Furthermore, viral oncoprotein activity leads to changes in the fibroblastic tissue similar to changes seen in other types of tumors. Equine sarcoids are characterized by a loss of tumor suppressor activity and changes allowing abnormal formation of the affected tissue, as well as y immune defense abnormalities that weaken the host's immune response. This impaired immune response to BPV infection appears to be crucial for the development of lesions that do not spontaneously regress, as occurs in BPV-infected cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ogłuszka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the 49559Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Rafał Radosław Starzyński
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the 49559Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the 49559Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Raś
- 49674University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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30
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Novel Production of Bovine Papillomavirus Pseudovirions in Tobacco Plants. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9120996. [PMID: 33260725 PMCID: PMC7760623 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9120996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy requires the production of neutralising antibodies which offer protection against the native virus. The current gold standard for determining the presence of neutralising antibodies is the pseudovirion-based neutralisation assay (PBNA). PBNAs utilise pseudovirions (PsVs), structures which mimic native virus capsids, but contain non-viral nucleic material. PsVs are currently produced in expensive cell culture systems, which limits their production, yet plant expression systems may offer cheaper, safer alternatives. Our aim was to determine whether plants could be used for the production of functional PsVs of bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV1), an important causative agent of economically damaging bovine papillomas in cattle and equine sarcoids in horses and wild equids. BPV1 capsid proteins, L1 and L2, and a self-replicating reporter plasmid were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) and PsVs. Strategies to enhance particle yields were investigated and optimised protocols were established. The PsVs' ability to infect mammalian cells and express their encapsidated reporter genes in vitro was confirmed, and their functionality as reagents in PBNAs was demonstrated through their neutralisation by several different antibodies. This is the first report of BPV PsVs expressed in plants and demonstrates the potential for the development of therapeutic veterinary vaccines in planta.
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31
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El-Tholoth M, Mauk MG, Elnaker YF, Mosad SM, Tahoun A, El-Sherif MW, Lokman MS, Kassab RB, Abdelsadik A, Saleh AA, Elmahallawy EK. Molecular Characterization and Developing a Point-of-Need Molecular Test for Diagnosis of Bovine Papillomavirus (BPV) Type 1 in Cattle from Egypt. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1929. [PMID: 33096600 PMCID: PMC7588879 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomatosis is a viral disease of cattle causing cutaneous warts. A diagnosis of this viral infection is very mandatory for combating the resulting economic losses. Given the limited data available about bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in Egypt, the present study involved the molecular diagnosis of bovine papillomavirus type-1 (BPV-1), -2, -4, -5, and -10 in cattle presenting cutaneous warts on the head and neck from New Valley Province, Egypt. The phylogenetic analysis of the detected types of BPV was also performed, followed by developing a point-of-need molecular assay for the rapid identification of identified BPV types. In this regard, a total of 308 cattle from private farms in Egypt were clinically examined, of which 13 animals presented cutaneous warts due to suspected BPV infection. The symptomatic animals were treated surgically, and biopsies from skin lesions were collected for BPV-1, -2, -4, -5, and -10 molecular identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of BPV-1 DNA was confirmed in 11 collected samples (84.6%), while BPV-2, -4, -5, and -10 were not detected. Sequencing of the PCR products suggested the Egyptian virus is closely related to BPV found in India. An isothermal nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) with labeled primers specific for the BPV-1 L1 gene sequence, and based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), in combination with a lateral flow strip assay for the detection of RPA products, was developed and tested. The point-of-need molecular assay demonstrated a diagnostic utility comparable to PCR-based testing. Taken together, the present study provides interesting molecular data related to the occurrence of BPV-1 in Egypt and reveals the genetic relatedness of the Egyptian BPV-1 with BPV-1 found in buffalo in India. In addition, a simple, low-cost combined test was also validated for diagnosis of the infection. The present study suggests the necessity of future investigations about the circulating strains of the virus among the cattle in Egypt to assess their genetic relatedness and better understand the epidemiological pattern of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.E.-T.); (S.M.M.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Health Sciences Division, Veterinary Sciences Program, Al Ain Men’s Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, UAE
| | - Michael G. Mauk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Yasser F. Elnaker
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The New Valley University, El-Karga 72511, New Valley, Egypt;
| | - Samah M. Mosad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.E.-T.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Amin Tahoun
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshkh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed W. El-Sherif
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The New Valley University, El-Karga 72511, New Valley, Egypt;
| | - Maha S. Lokman
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Rami B. Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Baha University, Almakhwah, Al Baha 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdelsadik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt;
| | - Ayman A. Saleh
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leon, 24071 León, Spain
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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32
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Munday JS, Fairley R, Lowery I. Detection of Ovis aries papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences in a sarcoid-like mass in the mouth of a pig. Vet Microbiol 2020; 248:108801. [PMID: 32827929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An oral mass was surgically excised from the gingiva of a pig. As the mass had a similar histological appearance to an equine sarcoid, DNA was extracted and consensus PCR primers used to amplify papillomavirus (PV) DNA. DNA sequences from Ovis aries papillomavirus (OaPV) type 2 were amplified both from a section of the entire mass as well as an area deeper within the mass away from the surface of the lesion. No other PV types were detected within the oral lesion. Ovis aries PV2 is a Delta PV that is closely related to the bovine Delta PVs that cause sarcoids in horses and cats. These results suggest that OaPV2 may be able to infect pigs and this virus could have caused the mesenchymal neoplasm in the mouth of this pig. This is the first evidence that a non-bovine PV can infect a non-host species and the first report of a sarcoid-like mass in pigs. These observations add to the range of species in which PV-associated neoplasia has been reported and suggest that cross-species infection by other Delta PV types may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Rob Fairley
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand
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33
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Semik-Gurgul E. Molecular approaches to equine sarcoids. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:221-230. [PMID: 32654178 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoids are the most commonly diagnosed skin tumours in equines. Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are the primary causative agent of sarcoids. There has been intensive research to discover the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of this disease and tumour suppressors and proto-oncogenes known to play a role in human neoplastic conditions have been investigated in equine sarcoids. Current approaches include the identification of gene expression profiles, characterising sarcoid and normal skin tissues, and an assessment of epigenetic alterations such as microRNA differential expression and DNA methylation status. This review focuses on selected groups of genes that contribute to the molecular mechanisms of sarcoid formation. These genes have the potential to complement current clinical examinations of equine sarcoid disease in diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic response and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Semik-Gurgul
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
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34
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Wood CJ, Selmic LE, Schlag AN, Bacmeister C, Séguin B, Culp WTN, Ayres SA, Sumner JP, Byer B, Mayer UK, Liptak JM. Biological behaviour and clinical outcome in 42 cats with sarcoids (cutaneous fibropapillomas). Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:699-705. [PMID: 32304135 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Feline sarcoids (or cutaneous fibropapillomas) are rare dermal neoplasms. There are currently no reported statistics concerning their clinical behaviour. Our objective with this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to describe the clinical presentation and biological behaviour of sarcoids in cats and to determine the oncologic outcome following surgical resection. Medical records from a laboratory database and six contributing institutions were searched to identify cats with histologically confirmed sarcoids. Forty-two cats were included in the study. The majority of sarcoids occurred on the face, particularly rostral locations such as the lips and nasal planum. Complete and incomplete histologic excision was achieved in 18 and 21 cats, respectively. The overall local recurrence rate was 40.5%. Complete histologic excision was associated with a significantly lower local recurrence rate (11.1%) and longer disease-free interval (not reached) compared with cats with incompletely excised sarcoids (66.7% and 250 days, respectively). The 1- and 2-year local recurrence rates were 0% and 7%, respectively, for cats with complete histologic excision, and 67% at both time intervals for cats with incomplete histologic excision. Five of the cats (83.3%) treated with curative-intent surgical revision following local tumour recurrence had no further local recurrence. All cats that died secondary to tumour-related causes had initial incomplete histologic excision and were euthanized because of local recurrence. Wide surgical resection of feline sarcoids is recommended to achieve complete histologic excision, local tumour control and a potential cure. For cats with incomplete histologic excision or local tumour recurrence, repeat surgical resection is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ariel N Schlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - William T N Culp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sara A Ayres
- Mapleview Animal Clinic, Barrie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia P Sumner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brittney Byer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ursula K Mayer
- AniCura Kleintierspezialisten Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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35
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Russo V, Roperto F, De Biase D, Cerino P, Urraro C, Munday JS, Roperto S. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection Associated with Papillomatosis of the Amniotic Membrane in Water Buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis). Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040262. [PMID: 32260380 PMCID: PMC7238040 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple papillomatous nodules were observed scattered over the amniotic membrane in six water buffaloes that had recently aborted. Grossly, some of the nodules had multiple villous projections while others appeared as single prominent conical or cylindrical horns. Histology revealed folded hyperplastic and hyperkeratotic epithelium supported by a narrow fibro-vascular stalk. Using PCR, sequences of the bovine Deltapapillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) E5 gene were amplified from the amniotic papillomas. Furthermore, expression of the E5 gene was detected using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Western blotting revealed BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein as well as L1 protein, suggesting both abortive and productive infection. Additionally, a functional complex composed of BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein and the phosphorylated PDGFβR was detected, which is consistent with the activation of PDGFβR by the interaction with BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein. These results demonstrate that BPV-2 can infect the amnion of water buffaloes and suggest that this infection may cause proliferation of the epithelial cells of the amnion. While the precise pathogenesis in uncertain, it is possible that BPV-2 infection of stratified squamous epithelial cells within squamous metaplasia foci and/or amniotic plaques could lead to papilloma formation. Papillomavirus-associated amniotic papillomas have not previously been reported in any species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (D.D.B.); (C.U.)
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80136 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Davide De Biase
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (D.D.B.); (C.U.)
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy;
| | - Chiara Urraro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (D.D.B.); (C.U.)
| | - John S. Munday
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (D.D.B.); (C.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2536363
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Li CX, Chang WS, Mitsakos K, Rodger J, Holmes EC, Hudson BJ. Identification of a Novel Equine Papillomavirus in Semen from a Thoroughbred Stallion with a Penile Lesion. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080713. [PMID: 31382657 PMCID: PMC6723834 DOI: 10.3390/v11080713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) have been identified in a wide range of animal species and are associated with a variety of disease syndromes including classical papillomatosis, aural plaques, and genital papillomas. In horses, 13 PVs have been described to date, falling into six genera. Using total RNA sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) we identified a novel equine papillomavirus in semen taken from a thoroughbred stallion suffering a genital lesion, which was confirmed by nested RT-PCR. We designate this novel virus Equus caballus papillomavirus 9 (EcPV9). The complete 7656 bp genome of EcPV9 exhibited similar characteristics to those of other horse papillomaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated E1-E2-L2-L1 amino acid sequences revealed that EcPV9 clustered with EcPV2, EcPV4, and EcPV5, although was distinct enough to represent a new viral species within the genus Dyoiotapapillomavirus (69.35%, 59.25%, and 58.00% nucleotide similarity to EcPV2, EcPV4, and EcPV5, respectively). In sum, we demonstrate the presence of a novel equine papillomavirus for which more detailed studies of disease association are merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci-Xiu Li
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wei-Shan Chang
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katerina Mitsakos
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - James Rodger
- Vets & Veterinary Surgeons, Jerry Plains Veterinary Hospital, 10 Pagan Street, Jerry Plains, NSW 2330, Australia
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Bernard J Hudson
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Peng H, Wu C, Li J, Li C, Chen Z, Pei Z, Tao L, Gong Y, Pan Y, Bai H, Ma C, Feng S. Detection and genomic characterization of Bovine papillomavirus isolated from Chinese native cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2197-2203. [PMID: 31269541 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are small circular DNA viruses which can be widely spread in herd, inducing cattle tumours, therefore, leading economic losses in dairy and beef production industries. BPV-leads symptoms include cutaneous papillomas, fibropapillomas, urinary bladder and oesophageal carcinoma. As one of the most important producers of beef in the world, China has not provided systematic research to prevent the harm of BPV, particularly in papillomavirus molecular characterization which presents among Chinese native cattle which was known to have higher disease resistance. In this study, skin papilloma was observed and samples were collected following by histopathological analysis. We analysed all neoplasms samples and reviewed their degrees in acanthosis and/or hyperkeratosis. Full-length genomic sequencing was applied for all four isolated strains (JX180408, LA150909, HX160815, and BS160810) to exploring the molecular reason why BPV currently prevalent in Chinese native cattle. As a result, we identified that these four isolates were classified as BPV-1 and clustered into the Deltapapillomavirus genera. Our study also identified that BPV 1 isolates from Chinese indigenous cattle breeds belong to subtypes A which has a closer genetic background compare with their common ancestor and suggest it can be a more ancestral species. European isolates more recently diverged group (group B) contained almost exclusively European samples. In this study, we analysed the similarity of ORF between Chinese isolated BPV 1 and BPV 1 reference strains and listed results. This study provides the complete genomic characterization of BPVs circulating in Chinese native cattle breeds for the first time, which provide a detailed description of how diverse strains may cause skin tumour among Chinese local breed cattle therefore critical for further epidemiological study of relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Cuilan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Changting Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Pei
- The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Tao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Animal Science and Technology Station of Guizhou, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Huili Bai
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Shiwen Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
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Schaefer EAF, Chu S, Pearce JW, Bryan JN, Flesner BK. Papillomavirus DNA not detected in canine lobular orbital adenoma and normal conjunctival tissue. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:226. [PMID: 31277650 PMCID: PMC6612140 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine lobular orbital adenomas are benign tumors that arise from orbital glandular tissue and extend into the orbit, conjunctiva, and third eyelid. Surgical excision is challenging and recurrence rates are high following excision alone. Enucleation and exenteration reduces the likelihood of recurrence, but is a radical therapeutic option for an otherwise visual and comfortable eye. Human papillomavirus causes 4.5% of worldwide cancers in people and has been identified in up to 23% of benign salivary gland tumors. To date, the etiology of canine lobular orbital adenomas has not been established and it is reasonable to consider canine papillomaviruses as an associative agent with benign glandular tumors in dogs. Identification of the underlying etiology of these tumors may help establish treatment or preventative measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate conjunctival and orbital tissue of phenotypically normal dogs and tissue from canine lobular orbital adenomas for the presence of papillomavirus DNA. RESULTS Thirty seven canine lobular orbital adenoma samples (36 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 33 dogs and one freshly collected sample) were evaluated via polymerase chain reaction for the presence of papillomavirus DNA. Conjunctival tissue samples, from 10 dogs with normal ocular examinations, excised immediately following euthanasia, were used as phenotypically normal controls. Three FFPE and one freshly collected tissue samples previously confirmed to be positive for papillomavirus DNA were used as positive controls. PCR products verified positive controls. Papillomavirus DNA was not detected in fresh conjunctival tissue of the phenotypically normal control dogs or in samples of fresh or FFPE canine lobular orbital adenoma tissue. CONCLUSIONS An association between papillomavirus and the development of canine lobular orbital adenomas is unlikely. Further research is needed to evaluate if other viruses play a role in the pathogenesis of canine lobular orbital adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A F Schaefer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shirley Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jacqueline W Pearce
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Present address: VCA Canada Vancouver Animal Emergency and Referral Centre, 2303 Alberta St, Vancouver, BC, V5Y 4A7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Brian K Flesner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Willemsen A, Bravo IG. Origin and evolution of papillomavirus (onco)genes and genomes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180303. [PMID: 30955499 PMCID: PMC6501903 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are ancient viruses infecting vertebrates, from fishes to mammals. Although the genomes of PVs are small and show conserved synteny, PVs display large genotypic diversity and ample variation in the phenotypic presentation of the infection. Most PV genomes contain two small early genes E6 and E7. In a bunch of closely related human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the E6 and E7 proteins provide the viruses with oncogenic potential. The recent discoveries of PVs without E6 and E7 in different fish species place a new root on the PV tree, and suggest that ancestral PVs consisted of the minimal PV backbone E1-E2-L2-L1. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses date the most recent common ancestor of the PV backbone to 424 million years ago (Ma). Common ancestry tests on extant E6 and E7 genes indicate that they share a common ancestor dating back to at least 184 Ma. In AlphaPVs infecting Old World monkeys and apes, the appearance of the E5 oncogene 53-58 Ma concurred with (i) a significant increase in substitution rate, (ii) a basal radiation and (iii) key gain of functions in E6 and E7. This series of events was instrumental to construct the extant phenotype of oncogenic HPVs. Our results assemble the current knowledge on PV diversity and present an ancient evolutionary timeline punctuated by evolutionary innovations in the history of this successful viral family. This article is part of the theme issue 'Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Willemsen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory MIVEGEC (CNRS IRD Uni Montpellier), 34090 Montpellier, France
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Greenwood S, Campbell O, Movasseghi AR. Oral sarcoid in a cat. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2019; 60:485-489. [PMID: 31080260 PMCID: PMC6463769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 10-month-old, domestic shorthaired, spayed female cat was presented to the Veterinary Medical Centre, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, for evaluation of an oral mucosal mass. Histopathology and polymerase chain reaction with sequencing allowed for a definitive diagnosis of bovine papillomavirus type-14-associated oral sarcoid. The mass resolved spontaneously following incisional biopsy and was still grossly absent 10 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Greenwood
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Greenwood), Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Campbell), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Prairie Diagnostic Services (Movasseghi), 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Olivier Campbell
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Greenwood), Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Campbell), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Prairie Diagnostic Services (Movasseghi), 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Ahmad Reza Movasseghi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Greenwood), Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Campbell), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Prairie Diagnostic Services (Movasseghi), 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
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41
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Savini F, Gallina L, Mazza F, Mariella J, Castagnetti C, Scagliarini A. Molecular Detection of Bovine Papillomavirus DNA in the Placenta and Blood of Healthy Mares and Respective Foals. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6010014. [PMID: 30736349 PMCID: PMC6466198 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the characteristic species specificity of Papillomaviruses (PVs), the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1, 2, and-more rarely-13, can cross-infect equids, where they are involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoid neoplasms. Sarcoids are locally invasive fibroblastic skin tumors that represent the most common skin neoplasms in horses worldwide. The transmission mechanism of BPV is still controversial in horses. Thus far, direct and indirect routes have been implicated, while vertical transmission has been suggested after the detection of viral DNA in the semen of healthy stallions. Testing of the blood and placenta of non-sarcoid baring mares and their respective foals revealed that the equine placenta can harbor BPV DNA, leading us to speculate a possible prenatal vertical DNA transmission in equids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Laura Gallina
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mazza
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
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Koch C, Martens A, Hainisch E, Schüpbach G, Gerber V, Haspeslagh M. The clinical diagnosis of equine sarcoids — Part 1: Assessment of sensitivity and specificity using a multicentre case-based online examination. Vet J 2018; 242:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Unger L, Gerber V, Pacholewska A, Leeb T, Jagannathan V. MicroRNA fingerprints in serum and whole blood of sarcoid‐affected horses as potential non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 17:107-117. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Unger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Bern, and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Bern, and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
| | - Alicja Pacholewska
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
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Analysis of the Methylation Status of CpG Sites Within Cancer-Related Genes in Equine Sarcoids. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the recent years, particular attention was given to the research aimed at optimizing the use of tumour epigenetic markers. One of the best known epigenetic changes associated with the process of carcinogenesis is aberrant DNA methylation. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the methylation profile of genes potentially important in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of equine sarcoids, the most commonly detected skin tumours in Equidae. The methylation status of potential promoter sequences of nine genes: APC, CCND2, CDKN2B, DCC, RARβ, RASSF1, RASSF5, THBS1 and TRPM1, was determined using bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP-CR). The results of this study did not reveal any changes in the level of DNA methylation in the analysed group of candidate genes between the tumour and healthy tissues. Despite numerous reports describing the aberrant methylation of the promoters of the analysed genes in human cancers, the data obtained did not confirm the existence of such relationships in the examined tumour tissues, which excludes the possibility of using these genes for the diagnosis of the equine sarcoid.
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Oral fibropapillomatosis and epidermal hyperplasia of the lip in newborn lambs associated with bovine Deltapapillomavirus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13310. [PMID: 30190493 PMCID: PMC6127103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital fibropapillomatosis of the gingiva and oral mucosa and epidermal hyperplasia of the lip are described, for the first time, in two newborn lambs. Expression of the E5 oncoprotein of bovine deltapapillomavirus types 2 (BPV-2) and -13 (BPV-13) was detected in both fibropapillomas and the hyperplastic epidermal cells suggesting the BPV infection was the cause of the proliferative lesions. No DNA sequences of BPV-1 and BPV-14 were detected. Both BPV-2 and BPV-13 DNA were also amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the newborn lambs’ dams. The concordance between BPV genotypes detected in the blood of dam and the oral and skin pathological samples of their offspring suggests that a vertical hematogeneous transmission was most likely source of BPV infection. Immunoblotting revealed the presence of E5 dimers allowing the viral protein to be biologically active. E5 dimers bind and activate the platelet derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR), a major molecular mechanism contributing to disease. The detection of E5 protein within the proliferating cells therefore adds further evidence that the BPV infection was the cause of the proliferative lesions seen in these lambs. This is the first evidence of vertical transmission of BPVs in sheep resulting in a clinical disease.
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Ramsauer AS, Kubacki J, Welle M, Bachofen C, Fraefel C, Hoby S, Tobler K, Wenker C. Detection and Characterization of Okapi (Okapia johnstoni)-specific Papillomavirus type 1 (OjPV1). Vet Microbiol 2018; 223:113-118. [PMID: 30173736 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Papillomavirus-specific DNA was detected in skin lesions collected from an okapi (Okapia johnstoni) in the Zoo Basel. According to the nucleotide sequence analysis, the virus belongs to the genus Deltapapillomavirus. Based on bioinformatics analysis, we propose to designate the newly identified virus as Okapia johnstoni Papillomavirus type 1 (OjPV1). OjPV1 is genetically most closely related to a recently described giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) -specific papillomavirus (GcPV1). Of note, the putative oncogenic E5 proteins from OjPV1 and GcPV1 are more conserved than the L1 proteins. This indicates, that the selection pressure on E5 may be more pronounced than that on the otherwise most conserved major capsid protein L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sophie Ramsauer
- Virologisches Institut, Vetsuisse Fakultät, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Jakub Kubacki
- Virologisches Institut, Vetsuisse Fakultät, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Welle
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Fakultät, Universität Bern, Postfach, CH-3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bachofen
- Virologisches Institut, Vetsuisse Fakultät, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- Virologisches Institut, Vetsuisse Fakultät, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hoby
- Zoo Basel, Binningerstrasse 40, CH-4054, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Tobler
- Virologisches Institut, Vetsuisse Fakultät, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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Martano M, Power K, Restucci B, Pagano I, Altamura G, Borzacchiello G, Maiolino P. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in equine sarcoid. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:266. [PMID: 30176852 PMCID: PMC6122557 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoids are the mostcommon skin tumors in horses, characterized by rare regression, invasiveness and high recurrence following surgical intervention and Delta Papillomaviruses are widely recognized as the causative agents of the disease. In order to gain new insights into equine sarcoid development, we have evaluated, in 25 equine sarcoids, by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis, the expression levels of VEGF, Ki67 and bcl-2. Moreover, we have measured microvessel density and specific vessel parameters. RESULTS All sarcoid samples showed a strong and finely granular cytoplasmatic staining for VEGF in the majority (90%) of keratinocytes, sarcoid fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Numerous small blood vessels, immunostained with Von Willebrand factor, often appeared irregular in shape and without a distinct lumen, with mean values of microvessel area and perimeter lower than normal. Moreover, in all sarcoid samples, Ki67 immunoreactivity was moderately positive in 5-10% of dermal sarcoid fibroblasts, while Bcl2 immunoreactivity was detected in 52% of the sarcoid samples, with a weak staining in 20-50% of dermal sarcoid fibroblasts. Biochemical analysis was consistent with immunohistochemical results. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided evidence that in equine sarcoid: VEGF was strongly expressed; the increased number of vessels was not associated with their complete maturation, probably leading to a hypoxic condition, which could increase VEGF synthesis; the levels of sarcoid fibroblasts proliferation were very low. Concluding, VEGF may have a role in equine sarcoid development, not only through the increase of angiogenesis, but also through the control of sarcoid fibroblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Restucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pagano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Ata EB, Mahmoud MAEF, Madboli AA. Molecular detection and immunopathological examination of Deltapapillomavirus 4 in skin and udder of Egyptian cattle. Vet World 2018; 11:915-920. [PMID: 30147259 PMCID: PMC6097563 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.915-920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are the main cause of bovine papillomatosis resulting in cutaneous and/or mucosal benign tumors that could be transformed to malignant ones with marked economic importance, especially in the dairy farms. Molecular, pathological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) diagnosis of bovine papillomatosis cases was conducted to identify and characterize the circulating BPV genotype in some Egyptian governorates. Materials and Methods Wart-like lesions in skin, udder, and teats were collected from 123 infected cases in Giza, Beni Suef, and El Menoufia Governorates, Egypt, during 2016-2017. Pathological and IHC characterization, molecular identification, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis based on the conserved late (L1) gene of the all samples were carried out. Results 89 of the 123 collected samples (72.3%) were positively detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequence analysis of the obtained PCR amplicons was identical revealing identification and genotyping of only one type (Deltapapillomavirus 4 isolate EGY 2017) with accession number (MG547343) which found to be closely related to the recently detected Deltapapillomavirus 4 isolate 04_asi_UK (accession no. MF384288.1) and isolate Deltapapillomavirus 4 isolate 25_equ_CH (accession no. MF384286.1) with 99% nucleotide sequence identity. Histopathological examination revealed severe hyperkeratosis in stratum corneum and acanthosis in most of the cases. These tissue changes were confirmed by the presence of golden brown stained proliferating cell nuclear antigen which was localized intranuclear and perinuclear in other cells using IHC Technique. Conclusion It is the first time to detect and genotype the BPVs in these areas with no record of previous genotyping in the whole country. The obtained results will highlight the importance of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Beshir Ata
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Fatah Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Madboli
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Brancaccio RN, Robitaille A, Dutta S, Cuenin C, Santare D, Skenders G, Leja M, Fischer N, Giuliano AR, Rollison DE, Grundhoff A, Tommasino M, Gheit T. Generation of a novel next-generation sequencing-based method for the isolation of new human papillomavirus types. Virology 2018; 520:1-10. [PMID: 29747121 PMCID: PMC9280450 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of new molecular tools, the discovery of new papillomaviruses (PVs) has accelerated during the past decade, enabling the expansion of knowledge about the viral populations that inhabit the human body. Human PVs (HPVs) are etiologically linked to benign or malignant lesions of the skin and mucosa. The detection of HPV types can vary widely, depending mainly on the methodology and the quality of the biological sample. Next-generation sequencing is one of the most powerful tools, enabling the discovery of novel viruses in a wide range of biological material. Here, we report a novel protocol for the detection of known and unknown HPV types in human skin and oral gargle samples using improved PCR protocols combined with next-generation sequencing. We identified 105 putative new PV types in addition to 296 known types, thus providing important information about the viral distribution in the oral cavity and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cyrille Cuenin
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Daiga Santare
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Girts Skenders
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg, Borstel, Lübeck, Riems, Germany
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dana E Rollison
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg, Borstel, Lübeck, Riems, Germany; Heinrich-Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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50
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Mazzuchelli-de-Souza J, de Carvalho RF, Módolo DG, Thompson CE, Araldi RP, Stocco RC. First detection of bovine papillomavirus type 2 in cutaneous wart lesions from ovines. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:939-943. [PMID: 29726097 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study diagnosed cutaneous wart lesions excised from three rams from a sheep farm in São Paulo State, Brazil. Histopathologically, these cases were diagnosed as papilloma. The amplification by PCR, sequencing and bioinformatics analysis showed that all the lesions presented DNA sequences of bovine papillomavirus type 2. This is the first report confirming the detection of BPV2 in papilloma warts from ovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mazzuchelli-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R F de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D G Módolo
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C E Thompson
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R P Araldi
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Stocco
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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