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Hyung K, Kim SA, Kim JY, Kwak N, Yim JJ. Rates and Risk Factors of Progression in Patients With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study. Chest 2024; 166:452-460. [PMID: 38499238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical course of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is varied, and a watchful waiting management strategy is appropriate for a subset of patients. Understanding disease progression and risk factors for progression is essential for deciding on an appropriate follow-up strategy. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the rate of NTM-PD progression, and what are the predictors of progression? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with NTM-PD who were enrolled in a prospective observational cohort study between July 1, 2011, and December 31, 2022, were included in this analysis. Clinical, bacterial, laboratory, and radiographic data were collected at enrollment and then regularly during follow-up. NTM-PD progression was defined as either the initiation of treatment or the clinician's intention to treat. The rate of progression was calculated and the predictors for progression were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 477 patients enrolled, NTM-PD progressed in 192 patients over a median follow-up of 5.4 years. The incidence of NTM-PD progression was 11.0 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI, 9.5-12.7 cases per 100 person-years). The proportion of patients experiencing disease progression was 21.4% at 1 year, 33.8% at 3 years, and 43.3% at 5 years. The final multivariable analysis model identified female sex (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.39), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (aHR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.31-2.43), FEV1 % predicted (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.96), and the presence of a cavity (aHR, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.03-3.80) as predictors of progression. INTERPRETATION About one-half of patients with NTM-PD experienced progression during an observation period of > 5 years. Patients with risk factors for progression should be observed closely. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01616745; URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwonhyung Hyung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-A Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Yub Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J, Fujiwara N, Kim JY, Kang M, Yang JS, Yim JJ, Whang J, Kwak N. The Impact of Trehalose Dimycolate on the Clinical Course of Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024; 21:1015-1021. [PMID: 38285897 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202308-746oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The clinical implications of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease have not been studied. Objectives: To examine the presence of TDM in clinical isolates obtained from patients with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease (PD) and its impact on disease severity and treatment outcomes. Methods: We analyzed clinical isolates from patients with diagnoses of MAC PD at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021. The lipids were extracted from clinical isolates obtained at the time of diagnosis using mass spectrometry. Mass peaks between 300 and 3,500 m/z were obtained, and the peak patterns of the total lipids were analyzed. Results: TDM was identified in clinical isolates from 176 of 343 patients. Cavities were more prevalent in patients with TDM-negative isolates (19.8%) than in those with TDM-positive isolates (10.2%) (P = 0.015). The time to antibiotic treatment was shorter in patients with TDM-negative isolates (4 mo [interquartile range, 2-10 mo]) than in those with TDM-positive isolates (7 mo [interquartile range, 3-16 mo]) (P = 0.032). Patients with TDM-negative isolates had a significantly lower proportion of culture conversions (P = 0.012). TDM was associated with higher likelihood of culture conversion (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.29; P = 0.035). Conclusions: TDM-negative isolates were linked to a higher occurrence of cavities, earlier initiation of treatment, and worse treatment outcome in patients with MAC PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nagatoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Nara, Japan; and
| | - Joong-Yub Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Research and Development Center, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seong Yang
- Research and Development Center, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jake Whang
- Research and Development Center, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, South Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kwak N, Park J, Kim SJ, Kim JY, Kim TS, Yoon JK, Whang J, Lee W, Shin SJ, Yim JJ. Genetic stability of Mycobacterium abscessus during antibiotic treatment. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:45-49. [PMID: 38128724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic changes in Mycobacterium abscessus during antibiotic treatment are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the genetic changes in M. abscessus in patients receiving antibiotic treatment, and their clinical implications. METHODS Pretreatment and 12-month post-treatment M. abscessus isolates were obtained from patients with M. abscessus pulmonary disease. Isolates from each time point were separated into six groups based on their distinctive morphological characteristics. Twenty-four isolates, comprising 12 from patient A exhibiting progressive disease and 12 from patient B demonstrating stable disease, underwent sequencing. Subsequently, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the administered antibiotics were measured. RESULTS Persistent infection with a single strain was observed in patients A and B. During 12 months of treatment, MICs for administered drugs did not generally change over time in either patient and single nucleotide variations (SNV) associated with antimicrobial resistance (rrl, rrs, erm(41), gyrA, gyrB, whiB7 and hflX) were not mutated. Although not significant, 47 and 52 non-synonymous SNVs occurred in M. abscessus from patients A and B, respectively, and the accumulation of these SNVs differed in patients A and B, except for five SNVs. The most variable positions were within a probable NADH-dependent glutamate synthase gene and a putative YrbE family protein gene in patients A and B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Persistent infections by a single strain of M. abscessus were observed in two patients with different clinical courses. Genetic changes in M. abscessus during antibiotic treatment were relatively stable in these patients. CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER NCT01616745 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ju Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Yub Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ki Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jake Whang
- Department of Research and Development, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, The Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea.
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Lee I, Hwang EJ, Kim JY, Yim JJ, Kwak N. Treatment Outcomes of Clofazimine-Containing Regimens in Severe Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad682. [PMID: 38328494 PMCID: PMC10849115 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Clofazimine is suggested as a promising drug for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. However, the role of clofazimine in severe Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the treatment outcomes of patients with severe MAC-PD treated with regimens containing clofazimine. Methods This study included patients diagnosed with severe MAC-PD at Seoul National University Hospital who underwent anti-mycobacterial treatment between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2022. We assessed the rate of culture conversion within 6 months and microbiological cure in patients receiving clofazimine-containing regimens, considering the dose and duration of clofazimine administration. Results A total of 170 patients with severe MAC-PD, treated with regimens containing clofazimine, were included in the analysis. The median age of patients was 68 years (interquartile range, 59-75 years), with a female predominance (n = 114 [67.1%]). Cavities were identified in 121 patients (71.2%). Within 6 months, 77 patients (45.3%) achieved culture conversion, and 84 of 154 (54.6%) patients attained microbiological cure. The dose of clofazimine (100 mg vs 50 mg) was not associated with culture conversion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.64 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .29-1.42]) or microbiological cure (aOR, 1.21 [95% CI, .52-2.81]). The microbiological cure rate reached 71.0% when clofazimine was administered for 6-12 months, compared to 23.1% when administered for <6 months. Conclusions Clofazimine demonstrated a relatively favorable efficacy in severe MAC-PD, regardless of the maintenance dose. This effect was more pronounced when administered for a duration exceeding 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui Jin Hwang
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joong-Yub Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim JY, Lee S, Park H, Kim HJ, Lee HW, Lee JH, Yim JJ, Kwak N, Yoon SH. Post-treatment Radiographic Severity and Mortality in Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024; 21:235-242. [PMID: 37788406 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202305-407oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Imaging studies are widely performed when treating Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD); however, the clinical significance of post-treatment radiographic change is unknown. Objectives: To determine whether a deep neural network trained with pulmonary tuberculosis could adequately score the radiographic severity of MAC-PD and then to examine relationships between post-treatment radiographic severity and its change from baseline and long-term prognosis. Methods: We retrospectively collected chest radiographs of adult patients with MAC-PD treated for ⩾6 months at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment. We correlated the radiographic severity score generated by a deep neural network with visual and clinical severity as determined by radiologists and mycobacterial culture status, respectively. The associations between the score, improvement from baseline, and mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: In total, 342 and 120 patients were included in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The network's severity score correlated with radiologists' grading (Spearman coefficient, 0.40) and mycobacterial culture results (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.05). A significant decreasing trend in the severity score was observed over time (P < 0.001). A higher score at 12 months of treatment was independently associated with higher mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.10). Improvements in radiographic scores from baseline were associated with reduced mortality, regardless of culture conversion (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22-0.80). These findings were replicated in the validation cohort. Conclusions: Post-treatment radiographic severity and improvement from baseline in patients with MAC-PD were associated with long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Yub Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seowoo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungin Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jhaveri TA, Weiss ZF, Winkler ML, Pyden AD, Basu SS, Pecora ND. A decade of clinical microbiology: top 10 advances in 10 years: what every infection preventionist and antimicrobial steward should know. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2024; 4:e8. [PMID: 38415089 PMCID: PMC10897726 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2024.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The past 10 years have brought paradigm-shifting changes to clinical microbiology. This paper explores the top 10 transformative innovations across the diagnostic spectrum, including not only state of the art technologies but also preanalytic and post-analytic advances. Clinical decision support tools have reshaped testing practices, curbing unnecessary tests. Innovations like broad-range polymerase chain reaction and metagenomic sequencing, whole genome sequencing, multiplex molecular panels, rapid phenotypic susceptibility testing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry have all expanded our diagnostic armamentarium. Rapid home-based testing has made diagnostic testing more accessible than ever. Enhancements to clinician-laboratory interfaces allow for automated stewardship interventions and education. Laboratory restructuring and consolidation efforts are reshaping the field of microbiology, presenting both opportunities and challenges for the future of clinical microbiology laboratories. Here, we review key innovations of the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulip A. Jhaveri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Zoe Freeman Weiss
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Geographic Medicine & Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marisa L. Winkler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander D. Pyden
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sankha S. Basu
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole D. Pecora
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Hwang H, Kim JY, Yim JJ, Kwak N. Change of erythrocyte sedimentation rate as prognostic biomarker for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease through anti-mycobacterial treatment. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2024; 18:17534666241282272. [PMID: 39311055 PMCID: PMC11421399 DOI: 10.1177/17534666241282272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) accurately predicts prognosis during treatment and how ESR changes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the predictive values of ESR as a prognostic factor of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) while on anti-mycobacterial treatment and its changes according to the treatment responses. DESIGN This study is a retrospective cohort study. METHODS This study included patients aged 18 years or older who initiated anti-mycobacterial treatment for MAC-PD at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1, 2009 and March 31, 2022. ESR should be measured at least twice, with a minimum interval of 3 months, during the initial 12 months from the commencement of antibiotic treatment. A mixed linear regression and Cox proportional-hazards models were used to analyze repeated ESR data and the association with patient survival. RESULTS Of a total of 825 patients who initiated antibiotic treatment for MAC-PD, 369 patients were included in the analysis. Increased levels of ESR during the treatment process were associated with a higher risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.03) after adjusting age, sex, comorbidities, presence of cavity, acid-fast bacilli smear positivity, and culture conversion at 12 months. During the treatment, ESR at 12 months of treatment significantly decreased compared to baseline ESR in both the culture-converted and not-converted groups, which was categorized based on whether the culture conversion was achieved within the 12 months after treatment initiation. CONCLUSION ESR predicted mortality during treatment and decreased over time, regardless of treatment outcomes. Our results underscore the importance of administering anti-mycobacterial treatment even in patients who did not achieve a microbiological cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeontaek Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Yub Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine/Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han Y, Gao X, Huang G, Chang Y, Han H, Zhu J, Zhang B. Kosakonia cowanii, a new bacterial pathogen affecting foxtail millet (Setaria italica[L.]P. Beauv.) in China. Microb Pathog 2023; 181:106201. [PMID: 37321424 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L.] P. Beauv.) is an important cereal worldwide. From 2021 to 2022, stalk rot disease of foxtail millet was identified in Shanxi province, northern China, with an 8% and 2% field incidence rate in Xinzhou (2 different locations), respectively. It caused necrosis, decay, stem lodging, and sometimes death. This study aimed to identify the causal agent of the disease through morphophysiological and molecular identification of the isolates. Stalk rot specimens were collected in Xinzhou, from foxtail millet plants exhibiting typical symptoms, and the pathogen was isolated with dilution plating. It was cultured at 28 °C for 48 h on nutrient agar, revealing circular, convex, and pale-yellow colonies, with a smooth surface and an entire edge. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the pathogen is rod shaped, round ended and has an uneven surface ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 μm in diameter and 1.2-2.7 μm in length. It is a motile gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium that can reduce nitrate and synthesize catalase but cannot hydrolyze starch. It also shows a negative reaction in the methyl red test and optimum growth at 37 °C. The pathogenicity test was performed on foxtail millet variety 'Jingu 21' stem to confirm Koch's postulates. The biochemical tests were done in the Biolog Gen III MicroPlate, revealing 21 positive chemical sensitivity tests, except those for minocycline and sodium bromate. Furthermore, among 71 carbon sources, the pathogen utilized 50 as the sole carbon source, including sucrose, d-maltose, α-d-lactose, d-galactose, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, glycerol, and inositol. Finally, molecular characterization of the pathogen using 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis identified the strain as Kosakonia cowanii. This study is the first to report K. cowanii as a stalk rot-causing pathogen in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China; National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
| | - Xi Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Guoli Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yindong Chang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Haili Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jiao Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Baojun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China; National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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Uwamino Y, Aono A, Tomita Y, Morimoto K, Kawashima M, Kamata H, Sasaki Y, Nagai H, Hasegawa N, Mitarai S. Diagnostic Utility of a Mycobacterium Multiplex PCR Detection Panel for Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0516222. [PMID: 37093012 PMCID: PMC10269564 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05162-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases is increasing worldwide, and tuberculosis remains highly prevalent. Rapid and accurate microbial diagnoses of both tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are required. A novel PCR-reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-rSSO) method-based mycobacterial detection panel (Myco-Panel) test was developed for the rapid identification of 30 mycobacterial species and subspecies. Clinical respiratory samples were collected from patients with suspected or confirmed tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease and those with other respiratory diseases. Myco-Panel tests were performed on the samples, and liquid mycobacterial culture and identification were performed for reference according to housekeeping gene sequences of mycobacteria in positive culture tubes. Furthermore, to assess the detection performance for several mycobacterial species rarely recovered in Japan, the accuracy of the Myco-Panel test was investigated using stock mycobacterial type strains and clinical isolates. A total of 178 clinical respiratory samples were analyzed. The Myco-Panel and sequence-based identification results for mycobacterial cultures were 83.1% concordant (kappa coefficient, 0.785 [95% confidence interval, 0.716 to 0.854]). The Myco-Panel correctly identified 281 of the 283 type strains and clinical isolates tested. The Myco-Panel test could accurately detect several mycobacterial species from clinical respiratory samples and mycobacterial suspensions. Rapid and accurate identification of pathogens using respiratory samples is possible using the Myco-Panel. IMPORTANCE Species identification is important for the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections and decisions on treatment regimens. The Myco-Panel test accurately detects clinically common mycobacterial species that cause respiratory infections from clinical respiratory samples and mycobacterial suspensions. The rapid identification of multiple mycobacterial species will provide clinically useful information for the management of patients. Although we understand that the current diagnostic criteria require mycobacterial culture results in general for the diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, mycobacterial culture examination is a time-consuming process. The detection of potentially causative agents directly from clinical samples will aid in practical diagnosis and decision-making for rapid treatment initiation. This is a new laboratory method for species identification, and evaluating its performance is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Uwamino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Aono
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tomita
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd. (MBL), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Morimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawashima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kamata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
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The Brief Case: Delayed Diagnosis of Cutaneous Mycobacterial Infection in Rural Mississippi. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0030722. [PMID: 36541843 PMCID: PMC9769836 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00307-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Clarke C, Kerr TJ, Warren RM, Kleynhans L, Miller MA, Goosen WJ. Identification and Characterisation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in African Buffaloes ( Syncerus caffer), South Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091861. [PMID: 36144463 PMCID: PMC9503067 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) may be confounded by immunological cross-reactivity to Mycobacterium bovis antigens when animals are sensitised by certain nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate NTM species diversity in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) respiratory secretions and tissue samples, using a combination of novel molecular tools. Oronasal swabs were collected opportunistically from 120 immobilised buffaloes in historically bTB-free herds. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF; n = 10) and tissue samples (n = 19) were obtained during post-mortem examination. Mycobacterial species were identified directly from oronasal swab samples using the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra qPCR (14/120 positive) and GenoType CMdirect (104/120 positive). In addition, all samples underwent mycobacterial culture, and PCRs targeting hsp65 and rpoB were performed. Overall, 55 NTM species were identified in 36 mycobacterial culture-positive swab samples with presence of esat-6 or cfp-10 detected in 20 of 36 isolates. The predominant species were M. avium complex and M. komanii. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were also isolated from 6 of 10 culture-positive BALF and 4 of 19 culture-positive tissue samples. Our findings demonstrate that there is a high diversity of NTMs present in buffaloes, and further investigation should determine their role in confounding bTB diagnosis in this species.
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Mhaske AN, Mhaske S, Harke S, Jain A, Patel J, Mhaske S. Post Surgical Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium: A Case Series. Cureus 2022; 14:e24701. [PMID: 35663658 PMCID: PMC9162884 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been an increase in non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection reports in humans. Surgeons are concerned about the link between them and surgical site infections. As a result, it has been challenging to determine just how common this illness is. A two-year study by the authors examines the occurrence of NTM infections after different surgical procedures. Design and methods Researchers at a tertiary care hospital in central India performed this prospective study over two years. NTM was found in six of the 25 instances of post-surgical wound infections. Ziehl-Neelsen staining, Auramine O-Rhodamine fluorescence staining, Multiplex Real-Time PCR, and Genotyping were used to identify the species. Results M. fortuitum, M. chelonae and M.kansasii were isolated from discharge in 2 cases each respectively. NTM isolates evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility pattern were all sensitive to Clarithromycin (100%). One case with prolonged healing had to be intervened with amikacin along with clarithromycin. Conclusion NTM is an infection of uncommon nature which can occur following surgical procedures. Identification of these organisms through sensitive techniques and appropriate therapeutic regimen formulation must be done to tackle this growing menace in health care setups.
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Abstract
The gold standard for confirming bacterial infections is culture-positive, which has a long sample-to-result turnaround time and poor sensitivity for unculturable and fastidious pathogens; therefore, it is hard to guide early, targeted antimicrobial therapy and reduce overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Nanopore targeted sequencing (NTS) is reported to be advantageous in detection speed and range over culture in prior published reports. However, investigation of the clinical performance of NTS is deficient at present. Thus, we assessed the feasibility of NTS for the first time with cohort and systematic comparisons with traditional culture assays and PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. This retrospective study was performed on 472 samples, including 6 specimen types from 436 patients, to evaluate the clinical performance of NTS designed for identifying the microbial composition of various infections. Of these samples, 86.7% were found to be NTS positive, which was significantly higher than culture-positive (26.7%). A total of 425 significant human opportunistic bacteria and fungi detected by NTS were selected to go through validation with PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The average accuracy rate was 85.2% (maximum 100% created by Cryptococcus neoformans, the last one 66.7% provided by both Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Moraxella osloensis, minimum 0% produced by Burkholderia cepacia). The accuracy rate also varied with sample type; the highest accuracy rate was found in pleural and ascites fluid (95.8%) followed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (88.7%), urine (86.8%), and wound secretions (85.0%), while the lowest was present in cerebrospinal fluid (58.8%). NTS had a diagnostic sensitivity of 94.5% and specificity of 31.8%. The positive and negative predictive values of NTS were 79.9% and 66.7%, respectively. For diagnosis of infectious diseases, the sensitivity was greatly increased by 56.7% in NTS compared with culture (94.5% vs 37.8%). Therefore, NTS can accurately detect the causative pathogens in infectious samples, particularly in pleural and ascites fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, urine, and wound secretions, with a short turnaround time of 8-14 h, and might innovatively contribute to personalizing antibiotic treatments for individuals with standardized protocols in clinical practices. IMPORTANCE Nanopore targeted sequencing (NTS) is reported to be advantageous in detection speed and range over culture in prior published reports. Investigation of the clinical performance of NTS is deficient at present. In our study, cohort and systematic comparisons among three assays (culture, NTS, and Sanger sequencing) were analyzed retrospectively for the first time. We found that NTS undoubtedly has incomparable advantages in accurately detecting the causative pathogens in infectious samples, particularly in pleural and ascites fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, urine, and wound secretions, with a short turnaround time of 8-14 h. For sterile specimens like blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the NTS outcomes should be validated using other nucleic acid based detection technology. Overall, NTS might innovatively contribute to guiding early, targeted antimicrobial therapy with lower cost and reduce overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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14
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Pascale MR, Salaris S, Mazzotta M, Girolamini L, Fregni Serpini G, Manni L, Grottola A, Cristino S. New Insight regarding Legionella Non- Pneumophila Species Identification: Comparison between the Traditional mip Gene Classification Scheme and a Newly Proposed Scheme Targeting the rpoB Gene. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0116121. [PMID: 34908503 PMCID: PMC8672888 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01161-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of Legionella non-pneumophila species (non-Lp) in clinical and environmental samples is based on the mip gene, although several studies suggest its limitations and the need to expand the classification scheme to include other genes. In this study, the development of a new classification scheme targeting the rpoB gene is proposed to obtain a more reliable identification of 135 Legionella environmental isolates. All isolates were sequenced for the mip and rpoB genes, and the results were compared to study the discriminatory power of the proposed rpoB scheme. Complete concordance between the mip and rpoB results based on genomic percent identity was found for 121/135 (89.6%) isolates; in contrast, discordance was found for 14/135 (10.4%) isolates. Additionally, due to the lack of reference values for the rpoB gene, inter- and intraspecies variation intervals were calculated based on a pairwise identity matrix that was built using the entire rpoB gene (∼4,107 bp) and a partial region (329 bp) to better evaluate the genomic identity obtained. The interspecies variation interval found here (4.9% to 26.7%) was then proposed as a useful sequence-based classification scheme for the identification of unknown non-Lp isolates. The results suggest that using both the mip and rpoB genes makes it possible to correctly discriminate between several species, allowing possible new species to be identified, as confirmed by preliminary whole-genome sequencing analyses performed on our isolates. Therefore, starting from a valid and reliable identification approach, the simultaneous use of mip and rpoB associated with other genes, as it occurs with the sequence-based typing (SBT) scheme developed for Legionella pneumophila, could support the development of multilocus sequence typing to improve the knowledge and discovery of Legionella species subtypes. IMPORTANCELegionella spp. are a widely spread bacteria that cause a fatal form of pneumonia. While traditional laboratory techniques have provided valuable systems for Legionella pneumophila identification, the amplification of the mip gene has been recognized as the only useful tool for Legionella non-pneumophila species identification both in clinical and environmental samples. Several studies focused on the mip gene classification scheme showed its limitations and the need to improve the classification scheme, including other genes. Our study provides significant advantages on Legionella identification, providing a reproducible new rpoB gene classification scheme that seems to be more accurate than mip gene sequencing, bringing out greater genetic variation on Legionella species. In addition, the combined use of both the mip and rpoB genes allowed us to identify presumed new Legionella species, improving epidemiological investigations and acquiring new understanding on Legionella fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Pascale
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Salaris
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Mazzotta
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luna Girolamini
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Fregni Serpini
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis of Legionellosis, Molecular Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital-Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Manni
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis of Legionellosis, Molecular Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital-Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonella Grottola
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis of Legionellosis, Molecular Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital-Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Sandra Cristino
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Igarashi Y, Chikamatsu K, Sano S, Miyamoto S, Aono A, Osugi A, Morishige Y, Murase Y, Yamada H, Takaki A, Mitarai S. Development of a nucleic acid chromatography assay for the detection of commonly isolated rapidly growing mycobacteria. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34878370 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Non-tuberculosis mycobacterium infections are increasing worldwide, including those caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM).Gap Statement. The identification of the aetiological agent in the context of infections is essential for the adoption of an adequate therapeutic approach. However, the methods for the rapid distinction of different RGM species are less than optimal.Aim. To develop a nucleic acid chromatography kit to identify clinically common RGM.Methodology. We tried to develop a nucleic acid chromatography kit designed to detect four RGM species (including three subspecies) i.e. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus, Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii (detected as M. abscessus/bolletii) Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium peregrinum. The amplified target genes for each species/subspecies using multiplex PCR were analysed using a nucleic acid chromatography assay.Results. Among the 159 mycobacterial type strains and 70 RGM clinical isolates tested, the developed assay correctly identified all relevant RGM without any cross-reactivity or false-negatives. The limits of detection for each species were approximately 0.2 pg µl-1.Conclusion. The rapid and simple nucleic acid chromatography method developed here, which does not involve heat denaturation, may contribute to the rapid identification and treatment of RGM infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Igarashi
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Chikamatsu
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | - Sotaro Sano
- Medical SV, Kaneka Corporation, 1-8 Miyamaemachi, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Miyamoto
- Medical SV, Kaneka Corporation, 1-8 Miyamaemachi, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
| | - Akio Aono
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | - Asami Osugi
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | - Yuta Morishige
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Murase
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | - Akiko Takaki
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan.,Department of Basic Mycobacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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16
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Komatsu T, Ohya K, Ota A, Nishiuchi Y, Yano H, Matsuo K, Odoi JO, Suganuma S, Sawai K, Hasebe A, Asai T, Yanai T, Fukushi H, Wada T, Yoshida S, Ito T, Arikawa K, Kawai M, Ato M, Baughn AD, Iwamoto T, Maruyama F. Genomic features of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolated from pigs in Japan. GIGABYTE 2021; 2021:gigabyte33. [PMID: 36824340 PMCID: PMC9650289 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is one of the most important agents causing non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infection in humans and pigs. There have been advances in genome analysis of MAH from human isolates, but studies of isolates from pigs are limited despite its potential source of infection to human. Here, we obtained 30 draft genome sequences of MAH from pigs reared in Japan. The 30 draft genomes were 4,848,678-5,620,788 bp in length, comprising 4652-5388 coding genes and 46-75 (median: 47) tRNAs. All isolates had restriction modification-associated genes and 185-222 predicted virulence genes. Two isolates had tRNA arrays and one isolate had a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) region. Our results will be useful for evaluation of the ecology of MAH by providing a foundation for genome-based epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Komatsu
- Aichi Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ota
- Data Science Center, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiuchi
- Office of Academic Research and Industry-Government Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsuo
- Kumamoto Prefectural Aso Public Health Center, Aso, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Justice Opare Odoi
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shota Suganuma
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sawai
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akemi Hasebe
- Toyama Prefectural Meat Inspection Center, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tokuma Yanai
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Hiwa Natural History Museum, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideto Fukushi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takayuki Wada
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiomi Yoshida
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, Proteome Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Arikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kawai
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anthony D Baughn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tomotada Iwamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Office of Academic Research and Industry-Government Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Project Research Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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17
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Kim JY, Park S, Park IK, Kang CH, Kim YT, Koh J, Yim JJ, Kwak N. Outcomes of adjunctive surgery for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:312. [PMID: 34615499 PMCID: PMC8496107 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to the unsatisfactory results of antibiotic treatment alone, surgical resection is currently considered as adjunctive therapy in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). However, reports regarding the outcomes of surgery vary considerably by institution. Here, we investigated the surgical outcomes and risk factors associated with unfavorable outcomes after surgery. Methods
We analyzed patients with NTM-PD who underwent pulmonary resection at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2020, and assessed the types of surgical procedures, complications, and long-term outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with treatment refractoriness or recurrence after surgery. Results Among 67 patients who underwent surgery during the study period, the most common indication for surgery was persistent culture positivity despite rigorous medical treatment (80.6%), followed by longstanding cavitary lesions or radiographic aggravation (10.4%) and massive hemoptysis (4.5%). Among 53 patients with positive mycobacterial cultures at the time of surgery, 38 (71.7%) achieved initial negative culture conversion, 9 (17.0%) of whom experienced recurrence. Nine (13.4%) patients experienced postoperative complications, which were managed without lasting morbidity and mortality. Female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–42.4; P = .046), preoperative positive mycobacterial culture (aOR 5.87; 95 %CI 1.04–33.08; P = .045), and residual lesions (aOR 6.86; 95 %CI 1.49–31.56; P = .013) were associated with refractoriness or recurrence. Conclusions Pulmonary resection is a reasonable treatment modality for patients with refractory NTM-PD or major complications such as massive hemoptysis. The potential risk factors associated with unfavorable outcomes included female sex, preoperative positive mycobacterial culture, and residual lesions after surgery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01679-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Yub Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Samina Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyu Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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18
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Realegeno S, Mirasol R, Garner OB, Yang S. Clinical Whole Genome Sequencing for Clarithromycin and Amikacin Resistance Prediction and Subspecies Identification of Mycobacterium abscessus. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:1460-1467. [PMID: 34454109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus infections are an emerging health care concern in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, leading to high morbidity and mortality. One major challenge is resistance to clarithromycin, a cornerstone antibiotic with high efficacy. Therefore, treatment is primarily guided by phenotypic susceptibility results of clarithromycin, which requires extended incubation to assess for inducible resistance. Resistance mechanisms for clarithromycin include induction of erm(41) and mutations in the 23S rRNA gene (rrl). In addition, mutations in the 16S rRNA encoding gene (rrs) can confer high-level amikacin resistance, another essential drug in the treatment of M. abscessus infections. Herein, we developed a clinical whole genome sequencing (WGS) assay for clarithromycin resistance based on rrl and erm(41) gene sequences and amikacin resistance based on the rrs sequence in M. abscessus, as well as subspecies identification. Genotypic-based predictions were determined for 104 isolates from 68 patients. The overall accuracy of genotypic prediction for clarithromycin compared with phenotypic susceptibility results was 100% (95% CI, 96.45%-100%). For amikacin, we also obtained 100% accuracy (95% CI, 96.52%-100%). The high concordance between the genotypic and phenotypic results demonstrates that a WGS-based assay can be used in a clinical laboratory for determining resistance to clarithromycin and amikacin in M. abscessus isolates. WGS can also provide subspecies identification and high-definition phylogenetic information for more accurate M. abscessus strain typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Realegeno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ruel Mirasol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shangxin Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
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19
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Ibrahim SA, Chan Y. Fluorescent Semiconductor Nanorods for the Solid-Phase Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based, Multiplexed Gene Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35294-35305. [PMID: 34313114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spread of infectious diseases with significantly high mortality rates can wreak devastating damage on global health systems and economies, underscoring the need for better disease diagnostic platforms. Solid-phase polymerase chain reaction (SP-PCR) potentially combines the advantages of conventional PCR-based diagnostics with the capability of multiplexed detection, given that the spatial separation between primers circumvents unwanted primer-primer interactions. However, the generally low efficiency of solid-phase amplification results in poor sensitivity and limits its use in detection schemes. We present an SP-PCR-based, multiplexed pulldown fluorescence assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), utilizing highly fluorescent oligonucleotide-functionalized CdSe/CdS and CdSe1-xSx/CdS nanorods (NRs) as multicolor hybridization probes. The large surface area of the NRs allows for their easy capture and pulldown, but without contributing significantly to the interparticle photon reabsorption when clustered at the pulldown sites. The NR nanoprobes were specifically designed to target the hotspot regions of the rpoB gene of MTB, which have been implicated in resistance to standard rifampicin treatment. The implementation of the semiconductor NRs as photostable multicolor fluorophores in a multiplexed SP-PCR-based detection scheme allowed for the identification of multiple hotspot regions with sub-picomolar levels of sensitivity and high specificity in artificial sputum. While this work demonstrates the utility of semiconductor NRs as highly fluorescent chromophores that can enable SP-PCR as a sensitive and accurate technique for multipathogen diagnostics, the flexible surface chemistry of the NRs should allow them to be applicable to a wide variety of detection motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Ali Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Yinthai Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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20
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Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis to Identify Infection with Multiple Species of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070879. [PMID: 34358029 PMCID: PMC8308675 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed infection with multiple species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is difficult to identify and to treat. Current conventional molecular-based methods for identifying mixed infections are limited due to low specificity. Here, we evaluated the utility of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis to detect and identify mixed NTM infections. Analytical tools used included PubMLST, MetaPhlAn3, Kraken2, Mykrobe-Predictor and analysis of heterozygous SNP frequencies. The ability of each to identify mixed infections of NTM species was compared. Sensitivity was tested using 101 samples (sequence sets) including 100 in-silico simulated mixed samples with various proportions of known NTM species and one sample of known mixed NTM species from a public database. Single-species NTM control samples (155 WGS samples from public databases and 15 samples from simulated reads) were tested for specificity. Kraken2 exhibited 100% sensitivity and 98.23% specificity for detection and identification of mixed NTM species with accurate estimation of relative abundance of each species in the mixture. PubMLST (99% and 96.47%) and MetaPhlAn3 (95.04% and 83.52%) had slightly lower sensitivity and specificity. Mykrobe-Predictor had the lowest sensitivity (57.42%). Analysis of read frequencies supporting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could not detect mixed NTM samples. Clinical NTM samples (n = 16), suspected on the basis of a 16S-23S rRNA gene sequence-based line-probe assay (LPA) to contain more than one NTM species, were investigated using WGS-analysis tools. This identified only a small proportion (37.5%, 6/16 samples) of the samples as mixed infections and exhibited only partial agreement with LPA results. LPAs seem to be inadequate for detecting mixed NTM species infection. This study demonstrated that WGS-analysis tools can be used for diagnosis of mixed infections with different species of NTM.
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Network topology analysis of essential genes interactome of Helicobacter pylori to explore novel therapeutic targets. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105059. [PMID: 34157412 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori chronic colonization produces a wide range of gastric diseases in the gastric mucosa by abetting inflammation. Amidst coevolution and reorganization of its metabolism with humans, it has become difficult still imperative to understand and prevent its growth. This study focus to explore functional insights into identification of hub proteins/genes by aggregating the behavior of genes connected in a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. We have constructed a PPI network of 123 essential genes along with 1213 interactions in H. pylori 26695. The degree and other centrality measures analysis assist in identifying the important hub nodes, which are top-ranked proteins. A total of nine proteins (recA, guaA, dnaK, rpsB, rplQ, rpmA, rpmC, rpmF, and rpsE) were obtained with high degree (k), betweenness centrality (BC) value. Gene ontology analysis reveals 8, 5 and 3 GO terms correspond to biological processes, cellular components and molecular function respectively. Gene complexes of hypothetical proteins (HPs) were related to aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, bacterial secretion system and protein export. The MCODE analysis revealed that protein from module M1, M3 and M6 include the proteins which have highest degree and BC values. It is noteworthy to mention that the bifunctional GMP synthase/glutamine amidotransferase protein (guaA), molecular chaperon (dnaK), recombinase A (recA) constitute as hub proteins. As a result, these genes are considered as network hub nodes that might be used as therapeutic targets. Our analysis affords a detailed understanding of the molecular process and pathways regulated by the essential genes in H. pylori 26695.
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Liu G, Yu X, Luo J, Hu Y, Dong L, Jiang G, Huo F, Wang F, Liang Q, Huang H. Mycobacterium vicinigordonae sp. nov., a slow-growing scotochromogenic species isolated from sputum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33974531 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A slow-growing, scotochromogenic mycobacterial strain (24T) was isolated from the sputum of a Chinese male human. Phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene assigned strain 24T to the Mycobacterium gordonae complex, which includes Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium paragordonae. The phenotypic characteristics, unique mycolic acid profile and the results of phylogenetic analysis based on hsp65 and rpoB sequences strongly supported the taxonomic status of strain 24T as a representative of a species distinct from the other members of the M. gordonae complex. The genomic G+C content of strain 24T was 65.40mol%. Genomic comparisons showed that strain 24T and M. gordonae ATCC 14470T had an average nucleotide identity (ANI) value of 81.00 % and a DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) value of 22.80 %, while the ANI and DDH values between strain 24Tand M. paragordonae 49 061T were 80.98 and 22.80 %, respectively. In terms of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain 24T is distinguishable from its closest phylogenetic relatives and represents a novel species of the genus Mycobacterium, therefore the name Mycobacterium vicinigordonae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 24T (=CMCC 93559T=DSM 105979T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Liu
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institution of Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan 430030, PR China.,National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Xia Yu
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Yanjie Hu
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institution of Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan 430030, PR China.,National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institution of Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Guanglu Jiang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Fengmin Huo
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Fen Wang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Qian Liang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Hairong Huang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
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Kang HR, Hwang EJ, Kim SA, Choi SM, Lee J, Lee CH, Yim JJ, Kwak N. Clinical Implications of Size of Cavities in Patients With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: A Single-Center Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab087. [PMID: 33796599 PMCID: PMC7990513 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of cavities is associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). However, little is known about the characteristics of such cavities and their impact on clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the size of cavities and their implications on treatment outcomes and mortality in patients with NTM-PD. Methods We included patients diagnosed with NTM-PD at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018. We measured the size of cavities on chest computed tomography scans performed at the time of diagnosis and used multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to investigate the impact of these measurements on treatment outcomes and mortality. Results The study cohort comprised 421 patients (noncavitary, n = 329; cavitary, n = 92) with NTM-PD. During a median follow-up period of 49 months, 118 (35.9%) of the 329 patients with noncavitary and 64 (69.6%) of the 92 patients with cavitary NTM-PD received antibiotic treatment. Cavities >2 cm were associated with worse treatment outcomes (adjusted odds ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.17–0.96) and higher mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.09–5.84), while there was no difference in treatment outcomes or mortality between patients with cavities ≤2 cm and patients with noncavitary NTM-PD. Conclusions Clinical outcomes are different according to the size of cavities in patients with cavitary NTM-PD; thus, the measurement of the size of cavities could help in making clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rin Kang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui Jin Hwang
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung A Kim
- Clinical Trials Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Mi Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Coinfection With Multiple Nontuberculous Mycobacteria as a Possible Exacerbating Factor in Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteriosis. Chest 2020; 158:2304-2313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Efficacy and Gut Dysbiosis of Gentamicin-Intercalated Smectite as a New Therapeutic Agent against Helicobacter pylori in a Mouse Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080502. [PMID: 32785101 PMCID: PMC7460432 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori eradication rate with conventional standard therapy is decreasing owing to antibiotic resistance, necessitating novel antibacterial strategies against H. pylori. We evaluated the efficacy of a gentamicin-intercalated smectite hybrid (S-GM)-based treatment and analyzed fecal microbiome composition in H. pylori-infected mice. To evaluate anti-H. pylori efficacy, mice were divided into eight groups, and H. pylori eradication was assessed by a Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test and PCR assay of H. pylori in gastric mucosa. One week after H. pylori eradication, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and atrophic changes in gastric mucosa were examined. Stool specimens were collected and analyzed for microbiome changes. The S-GM-based triple regimen decreased bacterial burden in vivo, compared with that in untreated mice or mice treated with other regimens. The therapeutic reactions in the CLO test from gastric mucosa were both 90% in the standard triple therapy and S-GM therapy group, respectively. Those of H. pylori PCR in mouse gastric mucosa were significantly lower in standard triple therapy and S-GM therapy groups than in the non-treatment group. Toxicity test results showed that S-GM therapy reduced IL-8 level and atrophic changes in gastric mucosa. Stool microbiome analysis revealed that compared with mice treated with the standard triple therapy, mice treated with the S-GM therapy showed microbiome diversity and abundant microorganisms at the phylum level. Our results suggested that S-GM is a promising and effective therapeutic agent against H. pylori infection.
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26
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Kwak N, Whang J, Yang JS, Kim TS, Kim SA, Yim JJ. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of Clofazimine Among Clinical Isolates of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Its Impact on Treatment Outcome. Chest 2020; 159:517-523. [PMID: 32712225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clofazimine has been regarded as a promising agent for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). However, its overall effectiveness in vitro and in the clinic remains unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clofazimine in clinical isolates and the association between MICs and treatment outcome? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS MICs for clofazimine were measured in clinical isolates from NTM-PD patients who participated in a prospective study at Seoul National University Hospital. The MIC was determined by using the broth microdilution concentration method. Correlation between MIC and conversion to negative of sputum culture with clofazimine was determined. RESULTS Of a total 189 isolates, 133 strains were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and 40 strains were M abscessus. Although the clofazimine MICs for MAC ranged from 0.031 mg/L to 8 mg/L, the values obtained for M abscessus ranged from 0.031 mg/L to 16 mg/L. Of 20 patients who were treated with a regimen including clofazimine, eight achieved negative conversion of sputum culture. All patients with isolates exhibiting clofazimine MIC values ≤ 0.25 mg/L achieved culture conversion. The likelihood of culture conversion in patients with MIC value ≤ 0.25 mg/L was much higher than that of patients with MIC value > 0.5 mg/L (OR, 39.3; P = .021). INTERPRETATION The MICs of clofazimine varied widely in clinical isolates from patients with NTM-PD. Negative conversion of sputum culture with clofazimine use was associated with a lower MIC value. Clofazimine use could be considered in patients with NTM-PD when the MIC value is ≤ 0.25 mg/L. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01616745; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jake Whang
- Department of Research and Development, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seong Yang
- Department of Research and Development, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, South Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung A Kim
- Clinical Trials Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lozica L, Kazazić SP, Gottstein Ž. High phylogenetic diversity of Gallibacterium anatis is correlated with low biosecurity measures and management practices on poultry farms. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:467-475. [PMID: 32375499 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1765970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Gallibacterium anatis is considered one of the most common bacterial causative agents of reproductive tract disorders in poultry. In this study, phylogenetic analysis of partial rpoB sequences and biotyping using MALDI-TOF MS was done in order to investigate the genetic diversity of Gallibacterium isolates from 13 farms with different biosecurity measures and management practices. Sampling was done as a part of regular monitoring, except for Farms 9-13 that were included in the study to represent extensive production systems with lowest biosecurity levels. Pharyngeal and cloacal swabs were taken from live birds, while swabs from trachea, liver, peritoneum and oviduct were taken during necropsies. After cultivation and identification, strains from each farm were randomly selected for sequencing and biotyping. Both results showed high level of heterogeneity among the isolates originating from farms with low biosecurity levels, unlike isolates from farms with higher biosecurity levels and proper management that were more closely related and clustered together. Such correlation was statistically significant. Low biosecurity levels enable horizontal transmission of the pathogens, as well as gene transfer. The results confirm the importance of adequate biosecurity measures and management on poultry farms as they greatly affect the genetic diversity of the pathogens. Therefore, implementation of basic biosecurity measures could help control the heterogeneity of Gallibacterium strains, which would alleviate control of the infection prevalence on farms through immunoprophylaxis, and consequently improve poultry production. Also, the genetic diversity of G. anatis on poultry farms could be a good bioindicator of management practices and biosecurity measures used. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS High correlation between low biosecurity and high diversity of Gallibacterium anatis. Diversity of Gallibacterium is a good bioindicator of management practices on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liča Lozica
- Department of Poultry Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana P Kazazić
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Functional Proteomics, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Gottstein
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Functional Proteomics, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Identification and drug susceptibility testing for nontuberculous mycobacteria. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119 Suppl 1:S32-S41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ueda Y, Tokumasu K, Hagiya H, Iio K, Fujimori T, Kakehi A, Okura M, Minabe H, Otsuka F. Mycobacterium chelonae bloodstream infection induced by osteomyelitis of toe: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:843-846. [PMID: 32402735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium chelonae is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that has the potential to cause refractory infections in humans. Mycobacteremia resulting from the organism is extremely rare, and its clinical features are yet to be uncovered. We herein present a case of M. chelonae bloodstream infection involving an immunocompromised older patient. A 79-year-old woman, on a long-term treatment with prednisolone plus tacrolimus for rheumatoid arthritis, visited our outpatient department complaining of deteriorating pain and swelling at her right 1st toe. Laboratory parameters showed elevated C-reactive protein and leukocytosis, and magnetic resonance imaging indicated osteomyelitis at the proximal phalanx of her right 1st toe. Considering the refractory course, the infected toe was immediately amputated. M. chelonae was isolated from bacterial cultures of the resected tissue and blood (BD BACTEC™ FX blood culture system, Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA), leading to a diagnosis of disseminated M. chelonae infection. We treated the patient with an antibiotic combination of clarithromycin, minocycline, and imipenem (2 weeks), which was converted to oral therapy of clarithromycin, doxycycline, and levofloxacin. This case highlighted the potential pathogenesis of M. chelonae to cause mycobacteremia in an immunocompromised patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Ueda
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tokumasu
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Hideharu Hagiya
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Iio
- Microbiology Division, Clinical Laboratory, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takumi Fujimori
- Microbiology Division, Clinical Laboratory, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kakehi
- Microbiology Division, Clinical Laboratory, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mami Okura
- Microbiology Division, Clinical Laboratory, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Minabe
- Microbiology Division, Clinical Laboratory, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Kwak N, Kim SA, Choi SM, Lee J, Lee CH, Yim JJ. Longitudinal changes in health-related quality of life according to clinical course among patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:126. [PMID: 32381080 PMCID: PMC7203799 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQL) has been suggested as an alternative treatment goal of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). This study was performed to elucidate the longitudinal changes in HRQL using St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) among patients with NTM-PD according to their clinical course. METHODS Patients with NTM-PD who participated in Seoul National University Hospital's prospective NTM cohort were screened. Participants for whom the SGRQ score was estimated with the one-year interval for ≥ three times were included. The longitudinal trends of the SGRQ score were assessed. The impact of the clinical course on the change in the SGRQ score was elucidated using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression with a repeated-measures model. RESULTS In total, 114 patients were analyzed. During the median 5-year observation period, 53 patients started anti-mycobacterial treatment and 61 patients were observed without treatment. Among the treated patients, 24 (45.2%) achieved microbiological cure. Patients who required treatment eventually had worsening SGRQ scores with time compared with patients who could be observed without treatment (P < 0.001). In cured patients, the SGRQ score decreased from 33.9 at baseline to 20.8 at 1 year post-treatment (P < 0.001), 21.3 at 2 years (P < 0.001), and 17.6 at 3 years (P < 0.001). The SGRQ scores also decreased for 2 years of treatment in patients with NTM-PD that could not be cured, although this decrease did not last for 3 years of treatment. CONCLUSION Worsening HRQL scores were associated with the initiation of treatment and, in turn, treatment improved HRQL scores of patients with NTM-PD. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered to the ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01616745 / registration date: June 12, 2012). The protocol was retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Sung A Kim
- Clinical Trials Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Mi Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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Yoon JK, Kim TS, Kim JI, Yim JJ. Whole genome sequencing of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) isolates from sputum specimens of co-habiting patients with NTM pulmonary disease and NTM isolates from their environment. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:322. [PMID: 32326890 PMCID: PMC7181514 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species are ubiquitous microorganisms. NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is thought to be caused not by human-to-human transmission but by independent environmental acquisition. However, recent studies using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have reported trans-continental spread of Mycobacterium abscessus among patients with cystic fibrosis. Results We investigated NTM genomes through NGS to examine transmission patterns in three pairs of co-habiting patients with NTM-PD who were suspected of patient-to-patient transmission. Three pairs of patients with NTM-PD co-habiting for at least 15 years were enrolled: a mother and a daughter with M. avium-PD, a couple with M. intracellulare-PD, and a second couple, one of whom was infected with M. intracellulare and the other of whom was infected with M. abscessus. Whole genome sequencing was performed using patients’ NTM isolates as well as environmental specimens. Genetic distances were estimated based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). By comparison with the genetic distances among 78 publicly available NTM genomes, NTM isolates derived from the two pairs of patients infected with the same NTM species were not closely related to each other. In phylogenetic analysis, the NTM isolates from patients with M. avium-PD clustered with isolates from different environmental sources. Conclusions In conclusion, considering the genetic distances between NTM strains, the likelihood of patient-to-patient transmission in pairs of co-habiting NTM-PD patients without overt immune deficiency is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ki Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SH, Shin JH. Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Clinical Isolates and Specimens using AdvanSure Mycobacteria GenoBlot Assay. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:278-281. [PMID: 32213717 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of AdvanSure GenoBlot assay using nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates and clinical specimens. A total of 136 NTM isolates and 176 clinical specimens were used in this study. AdvanSure Mycobacteria GenoBlot assay was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. We compared the results with those of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes sequencing. Out of the 136 NTM isolates, 111 (81.6%) were correctly identified to the species level using the GenoBlot assay. The final concordance rate was 89.7% (122/136), including 11 Mycobacterium genus positive control (GPC) results for uncommon NTM. The most common NTM, M. avium, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, and M. kansasii, were correctly identified using the GenoBlot assay. For 176 organisms in clinical specimens, 117 were identified to the species level, including single species for 111 specimens and two species for 6 specimens. The final detection and identification rates for clinical specimens were 94.9% and 66.5%, respectively. The AdvanSure GenoBlot assay performs well in identifying the most common NTM, and would be useful in a clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Inje University College of Medicine, South Korea.,Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, South Korea
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Diversity of Mycobacteriaceae from aquatic environment at the São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation in Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227759. [PMID: 31935265 PMCID: PMC6959594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the species diversity of Mycobacteriaceae in surface water samples from six environments at the zoological park in São Paulo, Brazil. Three hundred and eighty isolates were cultivated and identified by phenotypic characteristics (growth rate and pigmentation) and sequencing of hsp65, rpoB and 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that almost 48% of the isolates could be identified at the species level; about 50% were classified at the genus level, and only less than 2% of the isolates showed an inconclusive identification. The isolates classified at the genus level and not identified were then evaluated by phylogenetic analyses using the same three concatenated target genes. The results allowed us to identify at the genus level some isolates that previously had inconclusive identification, and they also suggested the presence of putative candidate species within the sample, demonstrating that this zoological park is an important source of diversity.
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Burygin GL, Abronina PI, Podvalnyy NM, Staroverov SA, Kononov LO, Dykman LA. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:480-493. [PMID: 32274287 PMCID: PMC7113550 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of bacterial glycans are specific markers for the detection and the serological identification of microorganisms and are also widely used as antigenic components of vaccines. The use of gold nanoparticles as carriers for glyco-epitopes is becoming an important alternative to the traditional conjugation with proteins and synthetic polymers. In this study, we aimed to prepare and evaluate in vivo glyco-gold nanoparticles (glyco-GNPs) bearing the terminal-branched hexaarabinofuranoside fragment (Ara6) of arabinan domains of lipoarabinomannan and arabinogalactan, which are principal polysaccharides of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. In particular, we were interested whether the antibodies generated against Ara6-GNPs would recognize the natural saccharides on the cell surface of different mycobacterial strains. Two synthetic Ara6 glycosides with amino-functionalized spacer aglycons differing in length and hydrophilicity were directly conjugated with spherical gold nanoparticles (d = 15 nm) to give two sets of glyco-GNPs, which were used for the immunization of rabbits. Dot assays revealed cross-reactions between the two obtained antisera with the hexaarabinofuranoside and the 2-aminoethyl aglycon used for the preparation of glyco-GNPs. Both antisera contained high titers of antibodies specific for Mycobacteria as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using M. bovis and M. smegmatis cells as antigens while there was only a weak response to M. phlei cells and no interaction with E. coli cells. The results obtained suggest that glyco-GNPs are promising agents for the generation of anti-mycobacterial antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady L Burygin
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia
- Department of Horticulture, Breeding, and Genetics, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Teatralnaya Ploshchad 1, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Polina I Abronina
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nikita M Podvalnyy
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey A Staroverov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky per. 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Lev A Dykman
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia
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Kim BJ, Kim GN, Kim BR, Shim TS, Kook YH, Kim BJ. New Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense strains with recombinant hsp65 gene laterally transferred from Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus: Potential for misidentification of M. abscessus strains with the hsp65-based method. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220312. [PMID: 31518354 PMCID: PMC6743754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that lateral gene transfer (LGT) events among Mycobacteroides abscessus strains are prevalent. The hsp65 gene, a chronometer gene for bacterial phylogenetic analysis, is resistant to LGT events, particularly among mycobacterial strains, rendering the hsp65-targeting method the most widely used method for mycobacterial detection. To determine the prevalence of M. abscessus strains that are subject to hsp65 LGT, we applied rpoB typing to 100 clinically isolated Korean strains of M. abscessus that had been identified by hsp65 sequence analysis. The analysis indicated the presence of 2 rough strains, showing a discrepancy between the 2 typing methods. MLST analysis based on the partial sequencing of seven housekeeping genes, erm(41) PCR and further hsp65 PCR-restriction enzyme and polymorphism analysis (PRA) were conducted to identify the two strains. The MLST results showed that the two strains belong to M. abscessus subsp. massiliense and not to M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, as indicated by the rpoB-based analysis, suggesting that their hsp65 genes are subject to LGT from M. abscessus subsp. abscessus. Further analysis of these strains using the hsp65 PRA method indicated that these strains possess a PRA pattern identical to that of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus and distinct from that of M. abscessus subsp. massiliense. In conclusion, we identified two M. abscessus subsp. massiliense rough strains from Korean patients with hsp65 genes that might be laterally transferred from M. abscessus subsp. abscessus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of possible LGT events associated with the hsp65 gene in mycobacteria. Our results also suggest that there is the potential for misidentification when the hsp65-based protocol is used for mycobacterial identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Jun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga-Na Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Sun Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Hoh Kook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Saranathan R, Padmapriyadarsini C, Sivaramakrishnan GN, Perumal BK, Kannayan S, Joseph B, Gopalan N, Hanna LE. Pulmonary Mycobacterium kyorinense disease: A case report and review of literature. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:127-131. [PMID: 31424025 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We report here the first case of pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium kyorinense in a 55-year-old hypertensive woman treated for pulmonary tuberculosis earlier on two occasions. She presented with productive cough, intermittent episode of left-sided chest pain, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, and breathlessness. Sputum cultures revealed non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). She remained persistently symptomatic with sputum cultures positive for acid-fast bacilli even after 6 months of treatment. Hence, a 16SrRNA gene amplification and sequencing were done that revealed M. kyorinense. Based on the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society, she was started on weight-based dosing of clarithromycin, levofloxacin, ethambutol, isoniazid and injection amikacin daily. The patient improved symptomatically and became culture-negative after 3 months of therapy with the above regimen and continued to be culture negative for 12 months of treatment. She continues to remain symptom-free without evidence of any clinical or bacteriological relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopalan Saranathan
- Department of HIV, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Bhavani K Perumal
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Silambuchelvi Kannayan
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bency Joseph
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narendran Gopalan
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- Department of HIV, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Evaluation of Q Gene Mycobacteria: A novel and easy nucleic acid chromatography method for mycobacterial species identification. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 163:105657. [PMID: 31228476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A simple, rapid, and new diagnostic test for mycobacteria, named Q Gene Mycobacteria, has been developed. It is based on multiplex PCR using primers harbouring DNA tags combined with a dipstick nucleic acid chromatography method, which does not require the denaturation of PCR products for hybridization and can identify five species of mycobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium gordonae. This study aimed to evaluate Q Gene Mycobacteria for the accurate identification of these five species. METHODS A total of 340 mycobacterial strains/isolates were tested, of which 159 were type strains (four MTC and 155 non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) including four subspecies) and 181 were clinical isolates (18 M. tuberculosis, two Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette et Guérin (BCG), and 161 NTM comprising 16 species) collected from eight laboratories and hospitals in Japan. Species identification of NTM isolates was performed using the DNA-DNA hybridization method and/or direct sequencing of 16S rRNA, hsp65, and rpoB genes. Q Gene Mycobacteria was compared with above conventional methods for identifying the five species. RESULTS Q Gene Mycobacteria showed excellent concordance for species identification, specifically 99.4% (158/159) for type strains and 99.4% (180/181) for clinical isolates. The two strains that were misidentified as M. gordonae were Mycobacterium paragordonae. As they are genetically close and there is few case reports of M. paragordonae, it might not be a serious critical issue to distinguish M. paragordonae from M. gordonae. CONCLUSIONS Q Gene Mycobacteria was able to identify frequently isolated mycobacterial species accurately and easily. Therefore, Q Gene Mycobacteria could be a useful tool for the identification of specific mycobacteria in clinical laboratories.
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Kadota N, Shinohara T, Hino H, Goda Y, Murase Y, Mitarai S, Ogushi F. Mycobacterium abscessus ssp. abscessus infection progressing to empyema from vertebral osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent patient without pulmonary disease: a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:100. [PMID: 31126264 PMCID: PMC6534929 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleural involvement by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients without distinct pulmonary disease is extremely rare. Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) with or without pulmonary disease is also a rare clinical presentation of NTM infection, and pleural spread of NTM from VO has not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 63-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with back pain persisting for 4 months and a 2-day history of fever and right chest pain. The patient was initially treated as right-sided empyema due to general bacteria. However, after removal of the chest tube, a previously overlooked paravertebral lesion was observed on CT. MRI confirmed VO at T7/8. Mycobacterium abscessus ssp. abscessus was detected in both the thoracic cavity and the paravertebral lesion. Both VO and the paravertebral abscess were improved by antimycobacterial treatment. CONCLUSION VO of the thoracic spine due to non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection should be considered as a cause of pleuritis or empyema without pulmonary disease, especially in patients with back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kadota
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi, 780-8077, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shinohara
- Department of Clinical Investigation, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi, 780-8077, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Hino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi, 780-8077, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Goda
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi, 780-8077, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Murase
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ogushi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi, 780-8077, Japan
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Kim HJ, Lee JH, Yoon SH, Kim SA, Kim MS, Choi SM, Lee J, Lee CH, Han SK, Yim JJ. Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease diagnosed by two methods: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:468. [PMID: 31126235 PMCID: PMC6534935 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microbiological criteria for diagnosing nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) include positive culture results from at least two separately expectorated sputum specimens or one bronchial washing or lavage. However, the clinical similarities and differences between patients diagnosed by these two methods remain unclear. We compared clinical features and prognoses of patients with NTM-PD diagnosed from both specimen types. Methods We analysed data from patients who participated in the Seoul National University Hospital NTM-PD cohort (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01616745). Baseline demographics, symptoms, radiographic findings, disease progression, and treatment responses were summarized and compared between patients diagnosed from sputum specimens and patients diagnosed from bronchoscopic specimens. Results Three hundred forty-seven patients were included in the analyses. Of these, 279 (80.4%) were diagnosed from two separately expectorated sputum specimens, and 68 (19.6%) were diagnosed from bronchoscopic specimens. Patients diagnosed from sputum specimens had more frequent and severe cough, sputum, postnasal drip, and high St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores. However, the extent and severity of the radiographic lesions, disease progression, and treatment responses were similar for both groups. Further analysis based on the following three groups (sputum culture positive, sputum culture negative/bronchoscopy, and scanty sputum/bronchoscopy groups) suggested that the scanty sputum/bronchoscopy group appeared to have the worst prognosis in terms of both time to progression and time to culture conversion. Conclusions Although some symptoms and quality of life were worse in patients with NTM-PD diagnosed from sputum specimens, their prognoses were similar to those of patients diagnosed by bronchoscopic specimen. We recommend bronchoscopic sampling for patients in whom NTM-PD is suspected clinically or radiographically, especially those who have no or scanty sputum. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4078-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung A Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Sil Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Varghese B, Enani M, Shoukri M, AlJohani S, AlThawadi S, Al-Hajoj S. Burden of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases in Saudi Arabian children: The first nationwide experience. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:803-808. [PMID: 31078494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing pulmonary and extra-pulmonary diseases are increasing worldwide. A large paucity of data related to pediatric NTM diseases exists globally and particularly in Saudi Arabia. METHODS The first nationwide exploratory study on existence of NTM diseases among Saudi Arabian children (0-14 years old) has been carried out during 2016-2017. Suspected NTM isolates with clinical and demographical data were enrolled from regional reference laboratories. Species level identification of isolates was carried out by commercial line probe assays and gene sequencing. RESULTS In 12 months, 52 culture positive cases with 44(84.6%) confirmed disease incidences were identified. Demographically, Saudi nationals (86.5%) were dominated and 77.3% cases have different comorbid conditions. Lymphadenitis (40.4%) followed by 26.9% of pulmonary cases with 42.8% of confirmed clinical relevance were mainly reported. Species identification showed Mycobacterium simiae (31.8%), M. abscessus (23.1%) and nine other species including rarely encountering M. riyadhense. Ascites caused by M. monacense, pulmonary disease caused by M. riyadhense and M. monacense were rarest clinical events and reported for the first time globally in a pediatric cohort. CONCLUSIONS Diverse NTM diseases even in immunocompetent children are an upcoming challenge in Saudi Arabia. Lack of awareness on NTM disease must be addressed with immediate development of management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Varghese
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mushira Enani
- Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, 12231, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Shoukri
- National Biotechnology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sameera AlJohani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sahar AlThawadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sahal Al-Hajoj
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, 1153, Saudi Arabia.
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Furuuchi K, Morimoto K, Yoshiyama T, Tanaka Y, Fujiwara K, Okumura M, Izumi K, Shiraishi Y, Mitarai S, Ogata H, Kurashima A, Yoshimori K, Ohta K, Goto H, Sasaki Y. Interrelational changes in the epidemiology and clinical features of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease and tuberculosis in a referral hospital in Japan. Respir Med 2019; 152:74-80. [PMID: 31128614 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing, while that of tuberculosis (TB) is decreasing in many industrialized countries, including Japan. However, the long-term evaluation of clinico-epidemiological features of NTM-PD in relation to TB are limited. We aimed to clarify the long-term changes in the epidemiology and clinical features of NTM-PD in relation to those of TB at a nationally-designated TB center in Japan. METHODS We reviewed all mycobacterial examination records at Fukujuji Hospital between 2006 and 2016. Cases of NTM-PD were defined according to the 2007 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society of America microbiologic criteria. The current characteristics of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) were compared with those in the 1980s and circa 2000. RESULTS We identified a total of 3,546 pulmonary TB cases and 2,155 NTM-PD cases. While the annual number of incident pulmonary TB cases remained stable over the study period (P = 0.59), that of NTM-PD cases increased significantly from 165 to 278 (P < 0.01). The mean age of pulmonary TB cases increased from 59.7 ± 16.3 to 66.2 ± 21.7 years, whereas that of NTM-PD cases remained unchanged. Regarding the age distribution, the greatest increases were observed in patients over 75 years for TB and in patients 50-74 years for NTM. The most common causative organism for NTM was Mycobacterium avium complex (87.3%), M. abscessus complex (5.5%) and M. kansasii (3.9%). Among patients with MAC-PD, the proportion of the nodular bronchiectatic (NB) form increased significantly from 60.0% to 84.4% between circa 2000 and 2016 (P < 0.01). Significant increases in the NB form were observed in both males (33.3%-70.7%, P < 0.01) and females (71.3%-89.2%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The annual number of incident NTM-PD cases increased markedly. In contrast to patients with TB, the mean age of new NTM-PD patients did not increase in the last 10 years. Among MAC-PD patients, the proportions accounted for by the NB form increased significantly in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Furuuchi
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Morimoto
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Clinical Research, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yoshiyama
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Fujiwara
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Okumura
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Izumi
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiraishi
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Ogata
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Kurashima
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshimori
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Ohta
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Goto
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
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Pourahmad F, Adams A, Thompson KD, Richards RH. Identification of aquatic mycobacteria based on sequence analysis of the 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:221-229. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Pourahmad
- 1School of Veterinary Sciences, Ilam University, PO Box 69315516, Ilam, Iran
| | - A. Adams
- 2Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - K. D. Thompson
- 3Aquaculture Research Group, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - R. H. Richards
- 2Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Guo F, Zhang T, Li B, Wang Z, Ju F, Liang YT. Mycobacterial species and their contribution to cholesterol degradation in wastewater treatment plants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:836. [PMID: 30696864 PMCID: PMC6351609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium often presents as an abundant bacterial genus in activated sludge in many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but the species-level taxonomy and functions remain poorly understood. In this study, we profiled the mycobacterial communities in eleven WWTPs from five countries by pyrosequencing the rpoB amplicons and searching against a customized database of mycobacterial rpoB sequences. Results indicated that major mycobacterial species were related to M. brumae, M. crocinum, M. sphagni, etc., most of which belong to poorly characterized rapidly-growing group. A few opportunistic pathogenic species were detected, suggesting the potential risk of mycobacteria in WWTPs. Genomic analysis of four isolates from activated sludge indicated these genomes contained genes of degradations of alkane, aromatics, steroids and a variety of cytochrome P450 families. Additionally, a few key genes responsible for cholesterol degradation were detected in a full-scale activated sludge metatranscriptomic dataset reported previously and taxonomically assigned to mycobacteria. Evidence showed that all isolates can degrade cholesterol, a major composition of sewage. Relative abundance of mycobacteria in activated sludge was enriched by 4.7 folds after adding cholesterol into the influent for one week. Our results provided the insights into mycobacterial species and functions in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Ting Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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44
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Joo YS, Kwak NE, Kim GH, Yoon EJ, Jeong SH. Prevalence and Species Spectrum of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolates at a Tertiary Care Center. ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5145/acm.2019.22.3.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Joo
- Department of Clnical Pathology, Sangji University College of Science, Wonju, Korea
| | | | - Gun Han Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ali H, Muhammad A, Sanda Bala N, Hou Y. The Endosymbiotic Wolbachia and Host COI Gene Enables to Distinguish Between Two Invasive Palm Pests; Coconut Leaf Beetle, Brontispa longissima and Hispid Leaf Beetle, Octodonta nipae. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2894-2902. [PMID: 30124918 PMCID: PMC6294240 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate taxonomic eminence of identical pest species is essential for many ecological and conservation studies. Without proficient skills, accurate molecular identification and characterization are laborious and time-consuming. The coconut leaf beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is biologically and morphologically identical to hispid leaf beetle, Octodonta nipae (Maulik) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and is known as the most harming nuisances of palm cultivation worldwide. The present examination was to establish Wolbachia genotyping analysis along with host cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for accurate identification between these individuals of the same family (Chrysomelidae). Here, we have cloned and sequenced a gene coding Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) and COI gene regions amplified from both species by polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequences were directly determined (≈600 bp for wsp and ≈804 bp for COI) and aligned using the multiple alignment algorithms in the ESPript3 package and the MEGA5 program. Comparative sequence analysis indicated that the representative of wsp and COI sequences from these two beetles were highly variable. To ensure this bacterial variation, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of bacterial genes was conducted, and the results vindicated the same trend of variations. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis also indicates that B. longissima and O. nipae being the two different species harbors two distinct Wolbachia Hertig and Burt (Rickettsiales: Anaplamataceae) supergroups B and A, respectively. The present outcomes quickly discriminate between these two species. Considering its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, it can be used as a diagnostic tool for discriminating such invasive species particularly B. longissima and O. nipae which has overlapping morphologic characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Abrar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nafiu Sanda Bala
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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46
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Grandjean Lapierre S, Drancourt M. rpoB Targeted Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Consensus Detection of Mycobacteria Associated With Pulmonary Infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:332. [PMID: 30547031 PMCID: PMC6279915 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a nucleic acid method which has been used to identify mycobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical microbiology laboratory and point of care settings. Previously published LAMP protocols for detection of mycobacterial species used conventional specific primer and targeted the 16S rRNA, gyrB, and insertion sequence genes. We developed and evaluated a LAMP assay targeting a mycobacterial rpoB gene conserved sequence and incorporating degenerate primers. This assay allowed consensus detection of mycobacterial species from pure culture, clinical respiratory tract samples, and mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) liquid-based culture medium. A panel of twenty mycobacterial species were successfully detected at detection thresholds of 102 CFU/mL and 103 CFU/mL when respectively performed on pure culture suspension or sputum and MGIT broth. The inclusion of degenerate bases in LAMP primers increased the diversity of mycobacterial species identified by the assay without negatively affecting analytical sensitivity. LAMP-based consensus detection of multiple pathogens can be achieved with degenerate primers therefore allowing the design of rapid multi-disease screening assays. Despite high analytical sensitivity, species specificity and the advantageous operational characteristics of LAMP over PCR, challenges such as potential ambiguity in visual interpretation of results and occasional non-specific amplification precludes the implementation of novel LAMP assay in routine diagnostics both in centralized and point-of-care laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grandjean Lapierre
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 198, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 198, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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47
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Sulaiman I, Wu BG, Li Y, Scott AS, Malecha P, Scaglione B, Wang J, Basavaraj A, Chung S, Bantis K, Carpenito J, Clemente JC, Shen N, Bessich J, Rafeq S, Michaud G, Donington J, Naidoo C, Theron G, Schattner G, Garofano S, Condos R, Kamelhar D, Addrizzo-Harris D, Segal LN. Evaluation of the airway microbiome in nontuberculous mycobacteria disease. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.00810-2018. [PMID: 30093571 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00810-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aspiration is associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease and airway dysbiosis is associated with increased inflammation. We examined whether NTM disease was associated with a distinct airway microbiota and immune profile.297 oral wash and induced sputum samples were collected from 106 participants with respiratory symptoms and imaging abnormalities compatible with NTM. Lower airway samples were obtained in 20 participants undergoing bronchoscopy. 16S rRNA gene and nested mycobacteriome sequencing approaches characterised microbiota composition. In addition, inflammatory profiles of lower airway samples were examined.The prevalence of NTM+ cultures was 58%. Few changes were noted in microbiota characteristics or composition in oral wash and sputum samples among groups. Among NTM+ samples, 27% of the lower airway samples were enriched with Mycobacterium A mycobacteriome approach identified Mycobacterium in a greater percentage of samples, including some nonpathogenic strains. In NTM+ lower airway samples, taxa identified as oral commensals were associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach is not sensitive in identifying NTM among airway samples that are culture-positive. However, associations between lower airway inflammation and microbiota signatures suggest a potential role for these microbes in the inflammatory process in NTM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Sulaiman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin G Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yonghua Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrienne S Scott
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Malecha
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Scaglione
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashwin Basavaraj
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Chung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina Bantis
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Carpenito
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose C Clemente
- Dept of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan Shen
- Dept of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Bessich
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samaan Rafeq
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaetene Michaud
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Donington
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charissa Naidoo
- Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, DST/NRF of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and SA MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Grant Theron
- Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, DST/NRF of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and SA MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gail Schattner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzette Garofano
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rany Condos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kamelhar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doreen Addrizzo-Harris
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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48
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Pozzi AC, Bautista-Guerrero HH, Abby SS, Herrera-Belaroussi A, Abrouk D, Normand P, Menu F, Fernandez MP. Robust Frankia phylogeny, species delineation and intraspecies diversity based on Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) and Single-Locus Strain Typing (SLST) adapted to a large sample size. Syst Appl Microbiol 2018; 41:311-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fukano H, Yoshida M, Kazumi Y, Fujiwara N, Katayama K, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Miyamoto Y, Fujimoto N, Hongsheng W, Mizumoto C, Koizumi Y, Maeda H, Hiranuma O, Mitarai S, Ishii N, Hoshino Y. Mycobacterium shigaense sp. nov., a slow-growing, scotochromogenic species, is a member of the Mycobacterium simiae complex. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2437-2442. [PMID: 29939124 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), the Mycobacterium simiae complex is one of the largest groups, consisting of 18 species of slow-growing mycobacteria. In 2009, a case of NTM-associated infectious skin disease was reported in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The patient presented with scattered nodules on the chest, back and extremities, and an M. simiae-like organism was isolated from skin biopsy specimens obtained from one of these lesions. Based on several assessments, including multiple-gene analyses, biochemical characterization and drug susceptibility testing, we concluded that this isolate represented a novel species of NTM, and proposed the name 'Mycobacterium shigaense'. Since 2009, five more cases of NTM-associated infectious disease in which there was a suspected involvement of 'M. shigaense' have been reported. Interestingly, four of these six cases occurred in Shiga Prefecture. Here we performed multiple-gene phylogenetic analyses, physiological and biochemical characterization tests, drug susceptibility tests, and profiling of proteins, fatty acids and mycolic acids of eight clinical isolates from the six suspected 'M. shigaense' cases. The results confirmed that all of the clinical isolates were 'M. shigaense', a slow-growing, scotochromogenic species. Here M. shigaense is validly proposed as a new member of the M. simiae complex, with the type strain being UN-152T (=JCM 32072T=DSM 46748T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Fukano
- 1Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yoshida
- 1Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kazumi
- 2Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Fujiwara
- 3Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, 3-1-3 Gakuen-Minami, Nara, Japan
| | - Kinya Katayama
- 4Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- 5Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- 5Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- 1Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriki Fujimoto
- 6Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Wang Hongsheng
- 7Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, St 12 Jiangwangmiao, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Chisaki Mizumoto
- 8Department of Hematology and Immunology, Otsu Red Cross Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koizumi
- 9Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Maeda
- 10Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Osamu Hiranuma
- 11Department of Respiratory Medicine, Otsu City Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- 2Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ishii
- 1Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- 1Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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The first Saudi Arabian national inventory study revealed the upcoming challenges of highly diverse non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006515. [PMID: 29799845 PMCID: PMC5991771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidences of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases are reportedly increasing globally and the current epidemiologic situation in Saudi Arabia remains unclear. To study such trend, we carried out a nationwide systematic epidemiological study focusing on NTM diseases for the first time in the country. METHODS/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS A nationwide collection of NTM isolates with clinical and demographical data was conducted for a period of 24 months. Primary species identification was carried out by line probe assays followed by sequencing of 16S rRNA, 16S-23S ITS region, rpoB and hsp65 genes. The laboratory findings were comprehensively analysed against demographical and clinical data. A total of 527 isolates were enrolled with a higher proportion of Saudi citizens (76.5%), elderly (>60 years) patients (34.2%), and male gender (65.3%) respectively. Overall, 75.1% isolates were pulmonary origin with a proven clinical significance of 44.7%. In total, 34 NTM species including 17 rare species were identified, in addition to 8 'undefined' isolates. M.simiae (22.6%), M.fortuitum (18.1%) and M.abscessus (17.8%) were predominant species. Interestingly, 27 new cases of clinically relevant M.riyadhense were also noticed (Primary data on emergence of rare NTM species and M.riyadhense has been recently reported). Results showed, rare clinical events such as mycobacteremia, cecum abscess, peritonitis and ascites caused by M.wolinskyi, M.holsaticum, M.duvalii and M.monacence respectively. Diabetes mellitus (P value-0.04) and previous history of tuberculosis (P value- 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors associated with NTM diseases. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE NTM disease spectrum and pathogen diversity is an emerging challenge to any nation, including Saudi Arabia. Therefore, more priorities will be given to NTM's with an immediate initiative to develop diagnostic infrastructures and disease management plans.
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