1
|
O'Hearn LA. Signals of energy availability in sleep: consequences of a fat-based metabolism. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1397185. [PMID: 39267859 PMCID: PMC11390529 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1397185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans can flexibly switch between two primary metabolic modes, usually distinguished by whether substrate supply from glucose can meet energy demands or not. However, it is often overlooked that when glucose use is limited, the remainder of energy needs may still be met more or less effectively with fat and ketone bodies. Hence a fat-based metabolism marked by ketosis is often conflated with starvation and contexts of inadequate energy (including at the cellular level), even when energy itself is in ample supply. Sleep and satiation are regulated by common pathways reflecting energy metabolism. A conceptual analysis that distinguishes signals of inadequate energy in a glucose-dominant metabolism from signals of a fat-based metabolism that may well be energy sufficient allows a reexamination of experimental results in the study of sleep that may shed light on species differences and explain why ketogenic diets have beneficial effects simultaneously in the brain and the periphery. It may also help to distinguish clinically when a failure of a ketogenic diet to resolve symptoms is due to inadequate energy rather than the metabolic state itself.
Collapse
|
2
|
Barreto ACM, Oliveira JNS, Suchecki D. Chronic sleep restriction during juvenility alters hedonic and anxiety-like behaviours in a sex-dependent fashion in adolescent Wistar rats. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1452429. [PMID: 39188806 PMCID: PMC11346248 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1452429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic reduction of sleep time in children and adolescents has been related to increased incidence of anxiety and depression. In rats, protocols of protracted sleep deprivation or chronic sleep restriction (CSR) are considered a stressor. In previous studies we showed that post-weaning CSR in male rats induces anxiety-like behaviour and changes in neurotransmission in emotion-related brain areas. In the present study we examined whether the effects of this adversity are sex-dependent. Twenty-two litters, containing four males and four females were distributed into control (CTL) and CSR groups. CSR began on postnatal day (PND) 21 and lasted for 21 days; each day the animals were placed onto small platforms immersed in water for 18 h and were allowed to sleep freely in their home-cages for the remaining 6 h. Throughout the CSR, all animals underwent the sucrose splash test once/week to assess their self-care and hedonic behaviours. Body weight was measured on PNDs 21 and 42. At the end of CSR period, the adolescents were allowed to sleep freely for 2 days, after which, behavioural tests began. Within each litter, one male and one female (pair) were not tested and provided blood and brain for determination of basal corticosterone (CORT) levels and hippocampal BDNF. One pair was tested in the sucrose preference test (SPT), one pair on the elevated plus maze (EPM) and one pair in the forced swim test (FST). CORT was measured after all conditions. CSR impaired self-care behaviour and body weight gain in males and females and increased relative adrenal weight only in males. There were no changes in sucrose intake in the SPT; CSR females displayed less immobility in the FST and CSR males displayed more anxiety-like behaviour in the EPM. CORT levels were similar between CTL and CSR males, whilst lower in CSR females than CTL ones in all experimental conditions. No changes in BDNF levels were detected in the dorsal hippocampus of CSR rats. The results indicate that CSR impaired self-care behaviour in both sexes, but only males displayed anxiety-like behaviour, whilst sleep recovery in females appeared to normalise their behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborah Suchecki
- Group of Studies on the Neurobiology of Stress and its Disorders – GENED, Department of Psychobiology – Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park SJ, Murphy KR, Ja WW. Energy Deficit is a Key Driver of Sleep Homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.30.596666. [PMID: 38979352 PMCID: PMC11230206 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.30.596666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Sleep and feeding are vital homeostatic behaviors, and disruptions in either can result in substantial metabolic consequences. Distinct neuronal manipulations in Drosophila can dissociate sleep loss from subsequent homeostatic rebound, offering an optimal platform to examine the precise interplay between these fundamental behaviors. Here, we investigate concomitant changes in sleep and food intake in individual animals, as well as respiratory metabolic expenditure, that accompany behavioral and genetic manipulations that induce sleep loss in Drosophila melanogaster. We find that sleep disruptions resulting in energy deficit through increased metabolic expenditure and manifested as increased food intake were consistently followed by rebound sleep. In contrast, "soft" sleep loss, which does not induce rebound sleep, is not accompanied by increased metabolism and food intake. Our results demonstrate that homeostatic sleep rebound is linked to energy deficit accrued during sleep loss. Collectively, these findings support the notion that sleep functions to conserve energy and highlight the need to examine the effects of metabolic therapeutics on sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet J Park
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Current affiliation: Nova Southeastern University, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410, USA
| | - Keith R Murphy
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Integrative Biology and Neuroscience Program, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William W Ja
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shaikh H, Ionita R, Khan U, Park Y, Jubran A, Tobin MJ, Laghi F. Effect of Atypical Sleep EEG Patterns on Weaning From Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation. Chest 2024; 165:1111-1119. [PMID: 38211699 PMCID: PMC11214907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately one-third of acute ICU patients display atypical sleep patterns that cannot be interpreted by using standard EEG criteria for sleep. Atypical sleep patterns have been associated with poor weaning outcomes in acute ICUs. RESEARCH QUESTION Do patients being weaned from prolonged mechanical ventilation experience atypical sleep EEG patterns, and are these patterns linked with weaning outcomes? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS EEG power spectral analysis during wakefulness and overnight polysomnogram were performed on alert, nondelirious patients at a long-term acute care facility. RESULTS Forty-four patients had been ventilated for a median duration of 38 days at the time of the polysomnogram study. Eleven patients (25%) exhibited atypical sleep EEG. During wakefulness, relative EEG power spectral analysis revealed higher relative delta power in patients with atypical sleep than in patients with usual sleep (53% vs 41%; P < .001) and a higher slow-to-fast power ratio during wakefulness: 4.39 vs 2.17 (P < .001). Patients with atypical sleep displayed more subsyndromal delirium (36% vs 6%; P = .027) and less rapid eye movement sleep (4% vs 11% total sleep time; P < .02). Weaning failure was more common in the atypical sleep group than in the usual sleep group: 91% vs 45% (P = .013). INTERPRETATION This study provides the first evidence that patients in a long-term acute care facility being weaned from prolonged ventilation exhibit atypical sleep EEG patterns that are associated with weaning failure. Patients with atypical sleep EEG patterns had higher rates of subsyndromal delirium and slowing of the wakeful EEG, suggesting that these two findings represent a biological signal for brain dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hameeda Shaikh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Hines, IL
| | - Ramona Ionita
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Hines, IL
| | - Usman Khan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Hines, IL
| | - Youngsook Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Hines, IL
| | - Amal Jubran
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Hines, IL; RML Specialty Hospital, Hinsdale, IL
| | - Martin J Tobin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Hines, IL.
| | - Franco Laghi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Hines, IL; RML Specialty Hospital, Hinsdale, IL
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dalferth TF, Nunes ML, Furini CRG. Sleep deprivation in early life: Cellular and behavioral impacts. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105597. [PMID: 38387838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation has become increasingly prevalent in contemporary society, and the consequences of this reality such as cognitive impairment and metabolic disorders, are widely investigated in the scientific scenario. However, the impact of sleep deprivation on the health of future generations is a challenge, and researchers are focusing their attention on this issue. Thus, this review aims to describe the impact of sleep deprivation in early life in animal models, particularly rodents, discussing the molecular physiology impacted by prolonged wakefulness in early life, as well as the changes that interfere with neurodevelopmental processes. Additionally, it explores the changes impacting metabolic mechanisms and discusses both the short- and long-term consequences of these processes on endocrine, behavioral, and cognitive functions. Finally, we briefly address some strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of sleep deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais F Dalferth
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Magda L Nunes
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane R G Furini
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rendine M, Cocci P, de Vivo L, Bellesi M, Palermo FA. Effects of Chronic Sleep Restriction on Transcriptional Sirtuin 1 Signaling Regulation in Male Mice White Adipose Tissue. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2144-2154. [PMID: 38534754 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep restriction (CSR) is a prevalent issue in modern society that is associated with several pathological states, ranging from neuropsychiatric to metabolic diseases. Despite its known impact on metabolism, the specific effects of CSR on the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis at the level of white adipose tissue (WAT) remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of CSR on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling pathway in the WAT of young male mice. Both genes interact with specific targets involved in multiple metabolic processes, including adipocyte differentiation, browning, and lipid metabolism. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) results demonstrated a significant upregulation of SIRT-1 and some of its target genes associated with the transcriptional regulation of lipid homeostasis (i.e., PPARα, PPARγ, PGC-1α, and SREBF) and adipose tissue development (i.e., leptin, adiponectin) in CSR mice. On the contrary, DNA-binding transcription factors (i.e., CEBP-β and C-myc), which play a pivotal function during the adipogenesis process, were found to be down-regulated. Our results also suggest that the induction of SIRT1-dependent molecular pathways prevents weight gain. Overall, these findings offer new, valuable insights into the molecular adaptations of WAT to CSR, in order to support increased energy demand due to sleep loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rendine
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Luisa de Vivo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Michele Bellesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gunawan SP, Huang SY, Wang CC, Huynh LBP, Nguyen NN, Hsu SY, Chen YC. Sleep deprivation alters pubertal timing in humans and rats: the role of the gut microbiome. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad308. [PMID: 38065690 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Evidence implied that sleeping duration is associated with the timing of puberty and that sleep deprivation triggers early pubertal onset in adolescents. Sleep deprivation can affect metabolic changes and gut microbiota composition. This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on pubertal onset and gut microbiota composition in animal models and a human cohort. METHODS This study comprised 459 boys and 959 girls from the Taiwan Pubertal Longitudinal Study. Sleep duration was evaluated using the self-report Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. Early sexual maturation was defined by pediatric endocrinologist assessments. Mediation analyses were done to examine the association between sleep parameters, obesity, and early sexual maturation. Besides, Sprague Dawley juvenile rats were exposed to 4 weeks of chronic sleep deprivation. Vaginal opening (VO) and preputial separation (PS) were observed every morning to determine pubertal onset in female and male rats. RESULTS The sleep-deprived juvenile rats in the sleep-deprived-female (SDF) and sleep-deprived-male (SDM) groups experienced delayed VO (mean VO days: 33 days in control; 35 days in SDF; p-value < 0.05) and PS (mean PS days: 42 days in control; 45 days in SDM; p-value < 0.05), respectively. Relative to their non-sleep-deprived counterparts, the sleep-deprived juvenile rats exhibited lower body weight and body fat percentage. Significant differences in relative bacterial abundance at genus levels and decreased fecal short-chain-fatty-acid levels were identified in both the SDF and SDM groups. In the human cohort, insufficient sleep increased the risk of early sexual maturation, particularly in girls (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.89; p-value < 0.01). Insufficient sleep also indirectly affected early sexual maturation in girls, with obesity serving as the mediator. CONCLUSIONS Overall, sleep deprivation altered the timing of puberty in both animal and human models but in different directions. In the rat model, sleep deprivation delayed the pubertal onset in juvenile rats through gut dysbiosis and metabolic changes, leading to a low body weight and body fat percentage. In the human model, sleep deprivation led to fat accumulation, causing obesity in girls, which increased the risk of early puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linh Ba Phuong Huynh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nam Nhat Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Zhou X, Cheng C, Ding G, Zhao P, Tan K, Chen L, Perrimon N, Veenstra JA, Zhang L, Song W. Gut AstA mediates sleep deprivation-induced energy wasting in Drosophila. Cell Discov 2023; 9:49. [PMID: 37221172 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe sleep deprivation (SD) has been highly associated with systemic energy wasting, such as lipid loss and glycogen depletion. Despite immune dysregulation and neurotoxicity observed in SD animals, whether and how the gut-secreted hormones participate in SD-induced disruption of energy homeostasis remains largely unknown. Using Drosophila as a conserved model organism, we characterize that production of intestinal Allatostatin A (AstA), a major gut-peptide hormone, is robustly increased in adult flies bearing severe SD. Interestingly, the removal of AstA production in the gut using specific drivers significantly improves lipid loss and glycogen depletion in SD flies without affecting sleep homeostasis. We reveal the molecular mechanisms whereby gut AstA promotes the release of an adipokinetic hormone (Akh), an insulin counter-regulatory hormone functionally equivalent to mammalian glucagon, to mobilize systemic energy reserves by remotely targeting its receptor AstA-R2 in Akh-producing cells. Similar regulation of glucagon secretion and energy wasting by AstA/galanin is also observed in SD mice. Further, integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and genetic validation, we uncover that severe SD results in ROS accumulation in the gut to augment AstA production via TrpA1. Altogether, our results demonstrate the essential roles of the gut-peptide hormone AstA in mediating SD-associated energy wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingge Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangming Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan A Veenstra
- INCIA, UMR 5287 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arvin P, Ghafouri S, Bavarsad K, Hajipour S, Khoshnam SE, Mansouri E, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. Exogenous growth hormone administration during total sleep deprivation changed the microRNA-9 and dopamine D2 receptor expressions followed by improvement in the hippocampal synaptic potential, spatial cognition, and inflammation in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1299-1312. [PMID: 37115226 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Disorders caused by total sleep deprivation can be modulated by the administration of growth hormone, which could affect the expression of microRNA-9 and dopamine D2 receptor expressions followed by improvement in the hippocampal synaptic potential, spatial cognition, and inflammation in rats. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to elucidate the putative effects of exogenous growth hormone (GH) against total sleep deprivation (TSD)-induced learning and memory dysfunctions and possible involved mechanisms. METHODS To induce TSD, rats were housed in homemade special cages equipped with stainless steel wire conductors to induce general and inconsistent TSD. They received a mild repetitive electric shock to their paws every 10 min for 21 days. GH (1 mg/kg, sc) was administered to adult young male rats once daily for 21-day-duration induction of TSD. Spatial learning and memory performance, inflammatory status, microRNA-9 (miR-9) expression, dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) protein level, and hippocampal histological changes were assayed at scheduled times after TSD. RESULTS The results indicated that TSD impaired spatial cognition, increased TNF-α, decreased level of miR-9, and increased DRD2 levels. Treatment with exogenous GH improved spatial cognition, decreased TNF-α, increased level of miR-9, and decreased DRD2 levels after TSD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that GH may play a key role in the modulation of learning and memory disorders as well as the ameliorating abnormal DRD2-related functional disorders associated with miR-9 in TSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Arvin
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duan D, Kim LJ, Jun JC, Polotsky VY. Connecting insufficient sleep and insomnia with metabolic dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:94-117. [PMID: 36373239 PMCID: PMC9839511 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes parallels the rampant state of sleep deprivation in our society. Epidemiological studies consistently show an association between insufficient sleep and metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, sleep and circadian rhythm exert considerable influences on hormones involved in appetite regulation and energy metabolism. As such, data from experimental sleep deprivation in humans demonstrate that insufficient sleep induces a positive energy balance with resultant weight gain, due to increased energy intake that far exceeds the additional energy expenditure of nocturnal wakefulness, and adversely impacts glucose metabolism. Conversely, animal models have found that sleep loss-induced energy expenditure exceeds caloric intake resulting in net weight loss. However, animal models have significant limitations, which may diminish the clinical relevance of their metabolic findings. Clinically, insomnia disorder and insomnia symptoms are associated with adverse glucose outcomes, though it remains challenging to isolate the effects of insomnia on metabolic outcomes independent of comorbidities and insufficient sleep durations. Furthermore, both pharmacological and behavioral interventions for insomnia may have direct metabolic effects. The goal of this review is to establish an updated framework for the causal links between insufficient sleep and insomnia and risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lenise J. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan C. Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recovery Sleep Immediately after Prolonged Sleep Deprivation Stimulates the Transcription of Integrated Stress Response-Related Genes in the Liver of Male Rats. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:623-632. [PMID: 36412581 PMCID: PMC9680379 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss induces performance impairment and fatigue. The reactivation of human herpesvirus-6, which is related to the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), is one candidate for use as an objective biomarker of fatigue. Phosphorylated eIF2α is a key regulator in integrated stress response (ISR), an intracellular stress response system. However, the relation between sleep/sleep loss and ISR is unclear. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of prolonged sleep deprivation and recovery sleep on ISR-related gene expression in rat liver. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 96-hour sleep deprivation using a flowerpot technique. The rats were sacrificed, and the liver was collected immediately or 6 or 72 h after the end of the sleep deprivation. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression levels of ISR-related gene transcripts in the rat liver. The transcript levels of the Atf3, Ddit3, Hmox-1, and Ppp15a1r genes were markedly increased early in the recovery sleep period after the termination of sleep deprivation. These results indicate that both activation and inactivation of ISRs in the rat liver occur simultaneously in the early phase of recovery sleep.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramírez-Plascencia OD, Saderi N, Cárdenas-Romero S, García-García F, Peña-Escudero C, Flores-Sandoval O, Azuara-Álvarez L, Báez-Ruiz A, Salgado-Delgado R. Leptin and adiponectin regulate the activity of nuclei involved in sleep-wake cycle in male rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:907508. [PMID: 35937866 PMCID: PMC9355486 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.907508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence recognize a relationship between sleep-wake cycles and adiposity levels, but the mechanisms that link both are not entirely understood. Adipose tissue secretes adiponectin and leptin hormones, mainly involved as indicators of adiposity levels and recently associated to sleep. To understand how two of the main adipose tissue hormones could influence sleep-wake regulation, we evaluated in male rats, the effect of direct administration of adiponectin or leptin in the ventrolateral preoptic nuclei (VLPO), a major area for sleep promotion. The presence of adiponectin (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) and leptin receptors in VLPO were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Adiponectin administration increased wakefulness during the rest phase, reduced delta power, and activated wake-promoting neurons, such as the locus coeruleus (LC), tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) and hypocretin/orexin neurons (OX) within the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and perifornical area (PeF). Conversely, leptin promoted REM and NREM sleep, including increase of delta power during NREM sleep, and induced c-Fos expression in VLPO and melanin concentrating hormone expressing neurons (MCH). In addition, a reduction in wake-promoting neurons activity was found in the TMN, lateral hypothalamus (LH) and perifornical area (PeF), including in the OX neurons. Moreover, leptin administration reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the LC. Our data suggest that adiponectin and leptin act as hormonal mediators between the status of body energy and the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Daniel Ramírez-Plascencia
- Departamento de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nadia Saderi
- Departamento de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Skarleth Cárdenas-Romero
- Departamento de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Fabio García-García
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Carolina Peña-Escudero
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Omar Flores-Sandoval
- Departamento de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Lucia Azuara-Álvarez
- Departamento de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Adrián Báez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Roberto Salgado-Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Roberto Salgado-Delgado,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brown EB, Klok J, Keene AC. Measuring metabolic rate in single flies during sleep and waking states via indirect calorimetry. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 376:109606. [PMID: 35483506 PMCID: PMC9310448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila melanogaster is a leading genetic model for studying the neural regulation of sleep. Sleep is associated with changes in behavior and physiological state that are largely conserved across species. The investigation of sleep in flies has predominantly focused on behavioral readouts of sleep because physiological measurements, including changes in brain activity and metabolic rate, are less accessible. We have previously used stop-flow indirect calorimetry to measure whole body metabolic rate in single flies and have shown that in flies, like mammals, metabolic rate is reduced during sleep. NEW METHOD Here, we describe a modified version of this system that allows for efficient and highly sensitive acquisition of CO2 output from single flies. RESULTS In this modified system, we show that sleep-dependent changes in metabolic rate are diminished in aging flies, supporting the notion that sleep quality is reduced as flies age. We also describe a modification that allows for simultaneous acquisition of CO2 and O2 levels, providing a respiratory quotient that quantifies how metabolic stores are utilized. We find that the respiratory quotient identified in flies on an all-sugar diet is suggestive of lipogenesis, where the dietary sugar provided to the flies is being converted to fat. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS AND CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the measurement of metabolic rate via indirect calorimetry not only provides a physiological readout of sleep depth, but also provides insight the metabolic regulation of nutrient utilization, with broad applications to genetic studies in flies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Brown
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jaco Klok
- Sable Systems International, Las Vegas, NV 89032, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chronic rapid eye movement sleep restriction during juvenility has long-term effects on anxiety-like behaviour and neurotransmission of male Wistar rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 217:173410. [PMID: 35662652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modernity imposes a toll on the sleep time of young population, with concomitant increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression. Whether there is a causal relationship between these events are only now being experimentally tested in humans and rodents. In a previous study, we showed that chronic sleep deprivation in juvenile-adolescent male rats led to increased anxiety-like behaviour and changes in noradrenaline and serotonin in the amygdala and hippocampus. In the present study we investigated whether early chronic sleep restriction affects emotional behaviour, stress response and neurochemistry in adulthood. From 21 to 42 days of age, Wistar male rats were submitted to sleep restriction by the multiple platform method or allowed to sleep freely. Forty-five days after this period, rats were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and blood samples were collected from non-tested rats or 30 and 60 min after the EPM for determination of plasma corticosterone levels. Levels of monoamines were determined in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus 60 min after the EPM. Sleep restriction resulted in increased anxiety-like behaviour, decreased noradrenaline levels in the amygdala and dopamine levels in the ventral hippocampus. Anxiety index was positively correlated with increased serotonin metabolism in the frontal cortex and greater dopamine metabolism in the ventral hippocampus, and negatively correlated with dopamine levels in the ventral hippocampus. These results suggest that sleep restriction in juvenility and adolescence induces persistent changes in emotional behaviour in adult male rats and that levels of anxiety are correlated with increased serotonin and dopamine metabolism in specific brain areas.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zitting KM, Vetrivelan R, Yuan RK, Vujovic N, Wang W, Bandaru SS, Quan SF, Klerman EB, Scheer FAJL, Buxton OM, Williams JS, Duffy JF, Saper CB, Czeisler CA. Chronic circadian disruption on a high-fat diet impairs glucose tolerance. Metabolism 2022; 130:155158. [PMID: 35150732 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 14% of Americans experience chronic circadian disruption due to shift work, increasing their risk of obesity, diabetes, and other cardiometabolic disorders. These disorders are also exacerbated by modern eating habits such as frequent snacking and consumption of high-fat foods. METHODS We investigated the effects of recurrent circadian disruption (RCD) on glucose metabolism in C57BL/6 mice and in human participants exposed to non-24-h light-dark (LD) schedules vs. those on standard 24-h LD schedules. These LD schedules were designed to induce circadian misalignment between behaviors including rest/activity and fasting/eating with the output of the near-24-h central circadian pacemaker, while minimizing sleep loss, and were maintained for 12 weeks in mice and 3 weeks in humans. We examined interactions of these circadian-disrupted schedules compared to control 24-h schedules with a lower-fat diet (LFD, 13% in mouse and 25-27% in humans) and high-fat diet (HFD, 45% in mouse and 45-50% in humans). We also used young vs. older mice to determine whether they would respond differently to RCD. RESULTS When combined with a HFD, we found that RCD caused significant weight gain in mice and increased body fat in humans, and significantly impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in both mice and humans, but this did not occur when RCD was combined with a LFD. This effect was similar in both young and older mice. CONCLUSION These results in both humans and a model organism indicate that circadian disruption has an adverse effect on metabolism among individuals eating a high-fat Western-style diet, even in the absence of significant sleep loss, and suggest that reducing dietary fat may protect against the metabolic consequences of a lifestyle (such as shift work) that involves chronic circadian disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health, University Park PA 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vilela VR, Samson N, Nachbar R, Perazza LR, Lachance G, Rokatoarivelo V, Centano-Baez C, Zancan P, Sola-Penna M, Bellmann K, Di Marzo V, Laplante M, Marette A. Adipocyte-specific Nos2 deletion improves insulin resistance and dyslipidemia through brown fat activation in diet-induced obese mice. Mol Metab 2022; 57:101437. [PMID: 35033724 PMCID: PMC8802131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS2) is a well documented inflammatory mediator of insulin resistance in obesity. NOS2 expression is induced in both adipocytes and macrophages within adipose tissue during high-fat (HF)-induced obesity. METHODS Eight week old male mice with adipocyte selective deletion of the Nos2 gene (Nos2AD-KO) and their wildtype littermates (Nos2fl/fl) were subjected to chow or high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 10 weeks followed by metabolic phenotyping and determination of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. The direct impact of NO on BAT mitochondrial respiration was also assessed in brown adipocytes. RESULTS Here, we show that HFHS-fed Nos2AD-KO mice had improved insulin sensitivity as compared to Nos2fl/fl littermates. Nos2AD-KO mice were also protected from HF-induced dyslipidemia and exhibited increased energy expenditure compared to Nos2fl/fl mice. This was linked to activation of BAT in HFHS-fed Nos2AD-KO mice as shown by increased Ucp1 and Ucp2 gene expression and augmented respiratory capacity of BAT mitochondria. Furthermore, mitochondrial respiration was inhibited by NO, or upon cytokine-induced NOS2 activation, but improved by NOS2 inhibition in brown adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a key role for adipocyte NOS2 in the development of obesity-linked insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, partly through NO dependent inhibition of BAT mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nolwenn Samson
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Renato Nachbar
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Lia Rossi Perazza
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Gabriel Lachance
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Volatiana Rokatoarivelo
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Carolina Centano-Baez
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Patricia Zancan
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Mauro Sola-Penna
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Kerstin Bellmann
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND)
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fu L, Chen H, Liu T, Liu L, Fu Q, Huang W, Chen F. Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Betel Quid Dependence Chewers: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study With Percent Amplitude of Fluctuation. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:830541. [PMID: 35586413 PMCID: PMC9109957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.830541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate brain spontaneous neural activity changes in betel quid dependence (BQD) chewers using the percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) method. METHODS This study included 48 BQD chewers. The healthy control (HC) group comprised 35 volunteers who were matched with BQD chewers in age, gender, and educational status. All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and neuropsychological tests. The PerAF method was used to identify BQD-related regional brain activity changes. An independent samples t-test was used to evaluate the PerAF difference across two groups. The association between PerAF changes and clinical features such as BQD scores, duration of BQD, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 item (HAMD-24), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale-14 item (HAMA-14) was evaluated by using Spearman's correlation analysis. It assessed the ability of the PerAF method to distinguish between BQD chewers and HCs using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Compared to the control group, BQD chewers showed decreased PerAF in right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right insula, right precuneus, left putamen, left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and left cerebellum and increased PerAF in right orbitofrontal and left superior temporal gyrus (STG) [P < 0.05, Gaussian random field (GRF) corrected]. PerAF values of the right MFG and right ACC had a significant negative relationship with the duration of BQD (P < 0.05). The average values of PerAF in the left putamen, left cerebellum, and left STG showed significant discriminatory power in distinguishing BQD chewers from HCs, with relatively prime area under the curve (AUC) values. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that betel quid chewing is associated with spontaneous neural activity alterations in the impulsivity areas (MFG and ACC), cognitive (MFG, ACC, precuneus, and the cerebellum), and reward (orbitofrontal, putamen, and insula) systems, which may be correlated with neuropathological mechanisms of BQD. Also, PerAF may be useful as a potential sensitive biomarker for identifying spontaneous brain activity changes in BQD chewers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fu
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (The Hainan Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China), Haikou, China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Liting Liu
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Qingqing Fu
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Weiyuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Moraes DA, Machado RB, Koban M, Hoffman GE, Suchecki D. The Pituitary-Adrenal Response to Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation Is Similar to a Psychological Stressor, Whereas the Hypothalamic Response Is Unique. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:885909. [PMID: 35880052 PMCID: PMC9308007 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.885909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressors of different natures induce activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis at different magnitudes. Moreover, the HPA axis response to repeated exposure is usually distinct from that elicited by a single session. Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) augments ACTH and corticosterone (CORT) levels, but the nature of this stimulus is not yet defined. The purpose of the present study was to qualitatively compare the stress response of animals submitted to PSD to that of rats exposed once or four times to cold, as a physiological stress, movement restraint (RST) as a mixed stressor and predator odour (PRED) as the psychological stressor, whilst animals were submitted for 1 or 4 days to PSD and respective control groups. None of the stressors altered corticotropin releasing factor immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), median eminence (ME) or central amygdala, compared to control groups, whereas vasopressin immunoreactivity in PSD animals was decreased in the PVN and increased in the ME, indicating augmented activity of this system. ACTH levels were higher after repeated stress or prolonged PSD than after single- or 1 day-exposure and control groups, whereas the CORT response was habituated by repeated stress, but not by 4-days PSD. This dissociation resulted in changes in the CORT : ACTH ratio, with repeated cold and RST decreasing the ratio compared to single exposure, but no change was seen in PRED and PSD groups. Comparing the magnitude and pattern of pituitary-adrenal response to the different stressors, PSD-induced responses were closer to that shown by PRED-exposed rats. In contrast, the hypothalamic response of PSD-exposed rats was unique, inasmuch as this was the only stressor which increased the activity of the vasopressin system. In conclusion, we propose that the pituitary-adrenal response to PSD is similar to that induced by a psychological stressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo A. Moraes
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B. Machado
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Psicossomática, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Koban
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gloria E. Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Deborah Suchecki,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yuan RK, Zitting KM, Duffy JF, Vujovic N, Wang W, Quan SF, Klerman EB, Scheer FAJL, Buxton OM, Williams JS, Czeisler CA. Chronic Sleep Restriction While Minimizing Circadian Disruption Does Not Adversely Affect Glucose Tolerance. Front Physiol 2021; 12:764737. [PMID: 34744800 PMCID: PMC8564292 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.764737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep, which has been shown to adversely affect metabolism, is generally associated with prolonged exposure to artificial light at night, a known circadian disruptor. There is growing evidence suggesting that circadian disruption adversely affects metabolism, yet few studies have attempted to evaluate the adverse metabolic effects of insufficient sleep while controlling for circadian disruption. We assessed postprandial glucose and insulin responses to a standard breakfast meal in healthy adults (n = 9) who underwent 3 weeks of chronic sleep restriction (CSR) in a 37-day inpatient study while minimizing circadian disruption by maintaining the same duration of light exposure each study day. We compared these results to findings from an earlier inpatient study which used a forced desynchrony (FD) protocol to assess the influence of 3 weeks of CSR combined with recurrent circadian disruption (RCD) on glycemic control in healthy adults (n = 21). CSR combined with RCD resulted in significantly elevated postprandial plasma glucose levels (p < 0.0001), while CSR with minimized circadian disruption had no adverse glycemic effects after 3 weeks of exposure (EXP). These results suggest that one mechanism by which sleep restriction impacts metabolism may be via concurrent circadian disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ahnaou A, Drinkenburg WHIM. Sleep, neuronal hyperexcitability, inflammation and neurodegeneration: Does early chronic short sleep trigger and is it the key to overcoming Alzheimer's disease? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:157-179. [PMID: 34214513 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence links neuroinflammation to Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, its exact contribution to the onset and progression of the disease is poorly understood. Symptoms of AD can be seen as the tip of an iceberg, consisting of a neuropathological build-up in the brain of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated aggregates of Tau (pTau), which are thought to stem from an imbalance between its production and clearance resulting in loss of synaptic health and dysfunctional cortical connectivity. The glymphatic drainage system, which is particularly active during sleep, plays a key role in the clearance of proteinopathies. Poor sleep can cause hyperexcitability and promote Aβ and tau pathology leading to systemic inflammation. The early neuronal hyperexcitability of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inhibitory interneurons and impaired inhibitory control of cortical pyramidal neurons lie at the crossroads of excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and inflammation. We outline, with a prospective framework, a possible vicious spiral linking early chronic short sleep, neuronal hyperexcitability, inflammation and neurodegeneration. Understanding the early predictors of AD, through an integrative approach, may hold promise for reducing attrition in the late stages of neuroprotective drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ahnaou
- Dept. of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, B-2340, Belgium.
| | - W H I M Drinkenburg
- Dept. of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, B-2340, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma B, Sengupta T, Chandra Vishwakarma L, Akhtar N, Mallick HN. Muscle temperature is least altered during total sleep deprivation in rats. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102910. [PMID: 34016337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has often been said that the brain is mostly benefitted from sleep. To understand the importance of sleep, extensive studies on other organs are too required. One such unexplored area is the understanding of muscle physiology during the sleep-wake cycle. Changes in muscle tone with different sleep phases are evident from the rapid eye movement sleep muscle atonia. There is variation in brain and body temperature during sleep stages, the brain temperature being higher during rapid eye movement sleep than slow-wave sleep. However, the change in muscle temperature with different sleep stages is not known. In this study, we have implanted pre-calibrated K-type thermocouples in the hypothalamus and the dorsal nuchal muscle, and a peritoneal transmitter to monitor the hypothalamic, muscle, and body temperature respectively in rats during 24 h sleep-wake cycle. The changes in muscle, body, and hypothalamic temperature during total sleep deprivation were also monitored. During normal sleep-wake stages, the temperature in the decreasing order was that of the hypothalamus, body, and muscle. Total sleep deprivation by gentle handling caused a significant increase in hypothalamic and body temperature, while there was least change in the muscle temperature. The circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic and body temperature in the sleep-deprived rats was disrupted, while the same was preserved in the muscle temperature. The results of our study show that muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep is a physiologically regulated thermally quiescent muscle state offering a conducive environment for muscle rest and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binney Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Trina Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India; Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005, India.
| | - Lal Chandra Vishwakarma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Nasreen Akhtar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Hruda Nanda Mallick
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122505, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mônico-Neto M, Lee KS, da Luz MHM, Pino JMV, Ribeiro DA, Cardoso CM, Sueur-Maluf LL, Tufik S, Antunes HKM. Histopathological changes and oxidative damage in type I and type II muscle fibers in rats undergoing paradoxical sleep deprivation. Cell Signal 2021; 81:109939. [PMID: 33529759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND previous studies have shown that muscle atrophy is observed after sleep deprivation (SD) protocols; however, the mechanisms responsible are not fully understood. Muscle trophism can be modulated by several factors, including energy balance (positive or negative), nutritional status, oxidative stress, the level of physical activity, and disuse. The metabolic differences that exist in different types of muscle fiber may also be the result of different adaptive responses. To better understand these mechanisms, we evaluated markers of oxidative damage and histopathological changes in different types of muscle fibers in sleep-deprived rats. METHODS Twenty male Wistar EPM-1 rats were randomly allocated in two groups: a control group (CTL group; n = 10) and a sleep deprived group (SD group; n = 10). The SD group was submitted to continuous paradoxical SD for 96 h; the soleus (type I fibers) and plantar (type II fiber) muscles were analyzed for histopathological changes, trophism, lysosomal activity, and oxidative damage. Oxidative damage was assessed by lipid peroxidation and nuclear labeling of 8-OHdG. RESULTS The data demonstrated that SD increased the nuclear labeling of 8-OHdG and induced histopathological changes in both muscles, being more evident in the soleus muscle. In the type I fibers there was signs of tissue degeneration, inflammatory infiltrate and tissue edema. Muscle atrophy was observed in both muscles. The concentration of malondialdehyde, and cathepsin L activity only increased in type I fibers after SD. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the histopathological changes observed after 96 h of SD in the skeletal muscle occur by different processes, according to the type of muscle fiber, with muscles predominantly composed of type I fibers undergoing greater oxidative damage and catabolic activity, as evidenced by a larger increase in 8-OHdG labeling, lipid peroxidation, and lysosomal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mônico-Neto
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Kil Sun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Le Sueur-Maluf
- Department of Biosciences, Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes
- Department of Biosciences, Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zeng B, Zhou J, Li Z, Zhang H, Li Z, Yu P. Altered Percent Amplitude of Fluctuation in Healthy Subjects After 36 h Sleep Deprivation. Front Neurol 2021; 11:565025. [PMID: 33519662 PMCID: PMC7843545 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.565025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate regional brain activity alteration in healthy subjects in a sleep deprivation (SD) status relative to a rested wakefulness status using a percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) method. Methods: A total of 20 healthy participants (12 males, 8 females; age, 22.25 ± 1.12 years) were recruited. All participants underwent attention tests and resting-state functional MRI scans during rested wakefulness before SD and after 36 h SD, respectively. The PerAF method was applied to identify SD-related regional brain activity alteration. A ROC curve was conducted to evaluate the ability of the PerAF method in distinguishing different sleep statuses. The relationships between SD-induced brain alterations and attention deficits were determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: SD resulted in a 2.23% decrease in accuracy rate and an 8.82% increase in reaction time. SD was associated with increased PerAF differences in the bilateral visual cortex and bilateral sensorimotor cortex, and was associated with decreased PerAF differences in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe. These SD-induced brain alterations exhibited a high discriminatory power of extremely high AUC values (0.993-1) in distinguishing the two statuses. The accuracy rate positively correlated with the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and negatively correlated with the bilateral sensorimotor cortex. Conclusions: Acute SD could lead to an ~8% attention deficit, which was associated with regional brain activity deficits. The PerAF method might work as a potential sensitivity biomarker for identifying different sleep statuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zicong Li
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Imaging, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Zongliang Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanfeng County People's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Radiology Department, Jinxian County People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pandey A, Oliver R, Kar SK. Differential Gene Expression in Brain and Liver Tissue of Wistar Rats after Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:442-465. [PMID: 33114225 PMCID: PMC7711450 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential for the survival of most living beings. Numerous researchers have identified a series of genes that are thought to regulate "sleep-state" or the "deprived state". As sleep has a significant effect on physiology, we believe that lack of total sleep, or particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, for a prolonged period would have a profound impact on various body tissues. Therefore, using the microarray method, we sought to determine which genes and processes are affected in the brain and liver of rats following nine days of REM sleep deprivation. Our findings showed that REM sleep deprivation affected a total of 652 genes in the brain and 426 genes in the liver. Only 23 genes were affected commonly, 10 oppositely, and 13 similarly across brain and liver tissue. Our results suggest that nine-day REM sleep deprivation differentially affects genes and processes in the brain and liver of rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Ryan Oliver
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Santosh K Kar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Nano Herb Research Laboratory, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Technology Bio Incubator, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mehta R, Giri S, Mallick BN. REM sleep loss-induced elevated noradrenaline could predispose an individual to psychosomatic disorders: a review focused on proposal for prediction, prevention, and personalized treatment. EPMA J 2020; 11:529-549. [PMID: 33240449 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Historically and traditionally, it is known that sleep helps in maintaining healthy living. Its duration varies not only among individuals but also in the same individual depending on circumstances, suggesting it is a dynamic and personalized physiological process. It has been divided into rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). The former is unique that adult humans spend the least time in this stage, when although one is physically asleep, the brain behaves as if awake, the dream state. As NREMS is a pre-requisite for appearance of REMS, the latter can be considered a predictive readout of sleep quality and health. It plays a protective role against oxidative, stressful, and psychopathological insults. Several modern lifestyle activities compromise quality and quantity of sleep (including REMS) affecting fundamental physiological and psychopathosomatic processes in a personalized manner. REMS loss-induced elevated brain noradrenaline (NA) causes many associated symptoms, which are ameliorated by preventing NA action. Therefore, we propose that awareness about personalized sleep hygiene (including REMS) and maintaining optimum brain NA level should be of paramount significance for leading physical and mental well-being as well as healthy living. As sleep is a dynamic, multifactorial, homeostatically regulated process, for healthy living, we recommend addressing and treating sleep dysfunctions in a personalized manner by the health professionals, caregivers, family, and other supporting members in the society. We also recommend that maintaining sleep profile, optimum level of NA, and/or prevention of elevation of NA or its action in the brain must be seriously considered for ameliorating lifestyle and REMS disturbance-associated dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Mehta
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067 India.,Present Address: Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Shatrunjai Giri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067 India
| | - Birendra N Mallick
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067 India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ertekin D, Kirszenblat L, Faville R, van Swinderen B. Down-regulation of a cytokine secreted from peripheral fat bodies improves visual attention while reducing sleep in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000548. [PMID: 32745077 PMCID: PMC7426065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is vital for survival. Yet under environmentally challenging conditions, such as starvation, animals suppress their need for sleep. Interestingly, starvation-induced sleep loss does not evoke a subsequent sleep rebound. Little is known about how starvation-induced sleep deprivation differs from other types of sleep loss, or why some sleep functions become dispensable during starvation. Here, we demonstrate that down-regulation of the secreted cytokine unpaired 2 (upd2) in Drosophila flies may mimic a starved-like state. We used a genetic knockdown strategy to investigate the consequences of upd2 on visual attention and sleep in otherwise well-fed flies, thereby sidestepping the negative side effects of undernourishment. We find that knockdown of upd2 in the fat body (FB) is sufficient to suppress sleep and promote feeding-related behaviors while also improving selective visual attention. Furthermore, we show that this peripheral signal is integrated in the fly brain via insulin-expressing cells. Together, these findings identify a role for peripheral tissue-to-brain interactions in the simultaneous regulation of sleep quality and attention, to potentially promote adaptive behaviors necessary for survival in hungry animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ertekin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leonie Kirszenblat
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Faville
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Menezes L, de Moraes DA, Ribeiro-Silva N, Silva SMA, Suchecki D, Luz J. Chronic REM sleep restriction in young rats increases energy expenditure with no change in food intake. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1339-1348. [PMID: 32589295 DOI: 10.1113/ep088474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of different periods of REM sleep restriction (7, 14 and 21 days) on metabolic parameters in young rats? What is the main finding and its importance? Animals submitted to each period of REM sleep deprivation showed a negative energy balance, with reduced body weight gain, body energy gain and gross food efficiency, less body fat content, and increased energy expenditure. There was no increase in food intake after any of the REM sleep restriction periods. In young rats, negative energy balance is not compensated by increased dietary intake as observed in adult rats. ABSTRACT Reduced sleep is associated with metabolic alterations, not only in adults, but also in children and adolescents. Several studies have shown that sleep restricted (SR) adult rats exhibit metabolic changes, followed by increased food intake, but few have evaluated these functions in young animals. The aim of the present study was to establish the metabolic parameters of young rats subjected to different periods of REM sleep restriction and to propose a correction factor for the correct measurement of food intake. Young male Wistar rats were distributed in control and SR groups for 7, 14 or 21 days. Sleep restriction was performed by the single platform method for 18 h. Regardless of the length of sleep restriction, all SR rats had a negative energy balance, evidenced by reduction in body weight gain, body energy gain and gross food efficiency, accompanied by increased energy expenditure. In addition, sleep restriction reduced body fat content throughout the entire period. Discounting food spillage, there was no increase in food intake by SR rats. In conclusion, the present study revealed metabolic changes in SR young rats after different lengths of REM sleep restriction and that weight loss and increased energy expenditure were not compensated by increased dietary intake as occurs in adult rats, indicating that young rats use other mechanisms to cope with the negative energy balance caused by sleep restriction. In addition, we propose a correction factor for food intake, to prevent overestimation of this parameter, due to food spillage in the water containers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Menezes
- Department of Phisiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Neila Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Phisiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Suchecki
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Luz
- Department of Phisiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nawi A, Eu KL, Faris ANA, Wan Ahmad WAN, Noordin L. Lipid peroxidation in the descending thoracic aorta of rats deprived of REM sleep using the inverted flowerpot technique. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1223-1231. [PMID: 32539237 DOI: 10.1113/ep088667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Deprivation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is associated with increased oxidative stress, but its effects on the blood vessels are poorly documented. We investigated whether REM sleep deprivation induces oxidative stress and causes lipid peroxidation in the aorta. What is the main finding and its important? We demonstrate that REM sleep deprivation induces oxidative stress and mediates lipid peroxidation in the aorta. This can cause endothelial changes and increased blood pressure. These findings will contribute to the growing body of literature on the mechanism underlying the effects of sleep deprivation on cardiovascular disease. ABSTRACT Oxidative stress-mediated lipid peroxidation is a known cause of endothelial injury or dysfunction. Deprivation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is associated with oxidative stress. To date, the pathogenesis of increased blood pressure after sleep deprivation remains poorly understood, particularly in the REM sleep phase. Our aim was to investigate the effects of REM sleep deprivation on blood vessels in the REM sleep-deprived rat model. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: free-moving control rats, rats deprived of REM sleep for 72 h (REMsd), tank control rats and 72 h sleep-recovered rats after 72 h of REM sleep deprivation. The rats were deprived of REM sleep using the inverted flowerpot technique. Food consumption, body weight gain and systolic blood pressure were monitored. At the end of the experiment, the descending thoracic aorta was isolated for the measurement of oxidative stress markers. Despite a significant increase in food consumption in the REMsd group compared with the other groups, there was a significant reduction in body weight gain. Systolic blood pressure also showed a significant increase in the REMsd group compared with the other groups. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower and malondialdehyde concentrations significantly higher in the REMsd group compared with the other groups. Increased levels of malondialdehyde are suggestive of lipid peroxidation in the blood vessels, and oxidative stress may be attributed to the initiation of the process. The changes after REM sleep deprivation revert during sleep recovery. In conclusion, the findings of the present study provide convincing evidence that REM sleep deprivation induced lipid peroxidation, leading to endothelial damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afifah Nawi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Koh Liew Eu
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Asma Nadia Ahmad Faris
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Liza Noordin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Acosta FM, Sanchez-Delgado G, Martinez-Tellez B, Migueles JH, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Rensen PCN, Llamas-Elvira JM, Blondin DP, Ruiz JR. Sleep duration and quality are not associated with brown adipose tissue volume or activity-as determined by 18F-FDG uptake, in young, sedentary adults. Sleep 2020; 42:5549537. [PMID: 31555815 PMCID: PMC6930133 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Short sleep duration and sleep disturbances have been related to obesity and metabolic disruption. However, the behavioral and physiological mechanisms linking sleep and alterations in energy balance and metabolism are incompletely understood. In rodents, sleep regulation is closely related to appropriate brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity, but whether the same is true in humans has remained unknown. The present work examines whether sleep duration and quality are related to BAT volume and activity (measured by 18F-FDG) and BAT radiodensity in humans. Methods A total of 118 healthy adults (69% women, 21.9 ± 2.2 years, body mass index: 24.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2) participated in this cross-sectional study. Sleep duration and other sleep variables were measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer for seven consecutive days for 24 hours per day. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. All participants then underwent a personalized cold exposure to determine their BAT volume, activity, and radiodensity (a proxy of the intracellular triglyceride content), using static positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CI) scan. Results Neither sleep duration nor quality was associated with BAT volume or activity (the latter represented by the mean and peak standardized 18F-FDG uptake values) or radiodensity (all p > .1). The lack of association remained after adjusting the analyses for sex, date of PET/CT, and body composition. Conclusions Although experiments in rodent models indicate a strong relationship to exist between sleep regulation and BAT function, it seems that sleep duration and quality may not be directly related to the BAT variables examined in the present work. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02365129 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Acosta
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Nuclear Medicine Services, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
da Luz MHM, Pino JMV, Santos TG, Antunes HKM, Martins VR, de Souza AAL, Torquato RJS, Lee KS. Sleep deprivation regulates availability of PrP C and Aβ peptides which can impair interaction between PrP C and laminin and neuronal plasticity. J Neurochem 2020; 153:377-389. [PMID: 31950499 PMCID: PMC7383904 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PrPC is a glycoprotein capable to interact with several molecules and mediates diverse signaling pathways. Among numerous ligands, laminin (LN) is known to promote neurite outgrowth and memory consolidation, while amyloid‐beta oligomers (Aβo) trigger synaptic dysfunction. In both pathways, mGluR1 is recruited as co‐receptor. The involvement of PrPC/mGluR1 in these opposite functions suggests that this complex is a key element in the regulation of synaptic activity. Considering that sleep‐wake cycle is important for synaptic homeostasis, we aimed to investigate how sleep deprivation affects the expression of PrPC and its ligands, laminin, Aβo, and mGluR1, a multicomplex that can interfere with neuronal plasticity. To address this question, hippocampi of control (CT) and sleep deprived (SD) C57BL/6 mice were collected at two time points of circadian period (13 hr and 21 hr). We observed that sleep deprivation reduced PrPC and mGluR1 levels with higher effect in active state (21 hr). Sleep deprivation also caused accumulation of Aβ peptides in rest period (13 hr), while laminin levels were not affected. In vitro binding assay showed that Aβo can compete with LN for PrPC binding. The influence of Aβo was also observed in neuritogenesis. LN alone promoted longer neurite outgrowth than non‐treated cells in both Prnp+/+ and Prnp0/0 genotypes. Aβo alone did not show any effects, but when added together with LN, it attenuated the effects of LN only in Prnp+/+ cells. Altogether, our findings indicate that sleep deprivation regulates the availability of PrPC and Aβ peptides, and based on our in vitro assays, these alterations induced by sleep deprivation can negatively affect LN–PrPC interaction, which is known to play roles in neuronal plasticity. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio H M da Luz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica M V Pino
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago G Santos
- International Research Center. A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanna K M Antunes
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vilma R Martins
- International Research Center. A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Altay A L de Souza
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J S Torquato
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kil S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A Pilot Study on Sleep Quality, Forgiveness, Religion, Spirituality, and General Health of Women Living in a Homeless Mission. Holist Nurs Pract 2020; 34:49-56. [DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
32
|
Yoon SJ, Long NP, Jung KH, Kim HM, Hong YJ, Fang Z, Kim SJ, Kim TJ, Anh NH, Hong SS, Kwon SW. Systemic and Local Metabolic Alterations in Sleep-Deprivation-Induced Stress: A Multiplatform Mass-Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics and Metabolomics Approach. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3295-3304. [PMID: 31313932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is known to be associated with metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. Complex metabolic alterations induced by SD at omics scale and the associated biomarker candidates have been proposed. However, in vivo systemic and local metabolic shift patterns of the metabolome and lipidome in acute and chronic partial SD models remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the serum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus CA1 of sleep-deprived rats (SD rats) from acute and chronic sleep restriction models were analyzed using three different omics platforms for the discovery and mechanistic assessment of systemic and local SD-induced dysregulated metabolites. We found a similar pattern of systemic metabolome alterations between two models, for which the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves was AUC = 0.847 and 0.930 with the pseudotargeted and untargeted metabolomics approach, respectively. However, SD-induced systemic lipidome alterations were significantly different and appeared to be model-dependent (AUC = 0.374). Comprehensive pathway analysis of the altered lipidome and metabolome in the hypothalamus indicated the abnormal behavior of eight metabolic and lipid metabolic pathways. The metabolic alterations of the hippocampus CA1 was subtle in two SD models. Collectively, these results extend our understanding of the quality of sleep and suggest metabolic targets in developing diagnostic biomarkers for better SD control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Hong
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joon Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahmadian N, Mahmoudi J, Talebi M, Molavi L, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Rostrup E, Ziaee M. Sleep deprivation disrupts striatal anti-apoptotic responses in 6-hydroxy dopamine-lesioned parkinsonian rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 21:1289-1296. [PMID: 30627374 PMCID: PMC6312672 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.28546.6919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The present study was conducted to examine the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on the anti-apoptotic pathways in Parkinsonian rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were assigned to four groups (10 animals each): sham surgery (Sham), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned (OH), 6-OHDA-lesioned plus grid control (OH+GC), 6-OHDA-lesioned plus SD (OH+SD). Parkinson’s disease (PD) model was induced by the unilateral intra-striatal infusion of 6-OHDA (10 µg/rat). SD (4 hr/day, for 14 days) was induced using a multiple platforms water tank. On the last day of interventions, animals were subjected to open field test for horizontal motor performance assessment. Also, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Bcl-2 and Bax were assessed in the striatum of study groups. Results: SD obscured the motor deficits of PD animals observed in open field test. BDNF level and Bcl2/Bax ratio significantly increased in the OH group, and SD reduced their levels in the PD animals. Conclusion: SD suppressed the anti-apoptotic compensatory responses in the striatum; therefore, it may accelerate continual neuronal cell death in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ahmadian
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Molavi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu H, Chen A. Roles of sleep deprivation in cardiovascular dysfunctions. Life Sci 2019; 219:231-237. [PMID: 30630005 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that inadequate sleep is associated with multiple acute and chronic diseases and results in increased mortality and morbidity for cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in sleep related investigations. Emerging evidence indicates that sleep deprivation changes the biological phenotypes of DNA, RNA and protein levels, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. We summarized the current research on the detrimental roles of sleep deprivation on the heart and elucidated the underlying mechanisms of sleep deficiency to improve our understanding of sleep deprivation and the emerging strategies to target this process for therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Noise-induced sleep disruption increases weight gain and decreases energy metabolism in female rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:1759-1768. [PMID: 30568267 PMCID: PMC6584067 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background/objectives: Inadequate sleep increases obesity and environmental noise contributes to poor sleep. However, women may be more vulnerable to noise and hence more susceptible to sleep disruption-induced weight gain than men. In male rats, exposure to environmental (i.e. ambient) noise disrupts sleep and increases feeding and weight gain. However, the effects of environmental noise on sleep and weight gain in female rats are unknown. Thus, this study was designed to determine whether noise exposure would disturb sleep, increase feeding and weight gain and alter the length of the estrous cycle in female rats. Subjects/methods: Female rats (12-weeks old) were exposed to noise for 17d (8h/d during the light period) to determine the effects of noise on weight gain and food intake. In a separate set of females, estrous cycle phase and length, EEG, EMG, spontaneous physical activity and energy expenditure were recorded continuously for 27d during baseline (control, 9d), noise exposure (8h/d, 9d) and recovery (9d) from sleep disruption. Results: Noise exposure significantly increased weight gain and food intake compared to females that slept undisturbed. Noise also significantly increased wakefulness, reduced sleep and resulted in rebound sleep during the recovery period. Total energy expenditure was significantly lower during both noise exposure and recovery due to lower energy expenditure during spontaneous physical activity and sleep. Notably, noise did not alter the estrous cycle length. Conclusions: As previously observed in male rats, noise exposure disrupted sleep and increased weight gain in females but did not alter the length of the estrous cycle. This is the first demonstration of weight gain in female rats during sleep disruption. We conclude that the sleep disruption caused by exposure to environmental noise is a significant tool for determining how sleep loss contributes to obesity in females.
Collapse
|
36
|
Makarem N, Aggarwal B. Gender Differences in Associations between Insufficient Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Endpoints: A Contemporary Review. GENDER AND THE GENOME 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/gg.2017.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Makarem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Brooke Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dai XJ, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Nie X, Liu BX, Pei L, Gong H, Hu J, Lu G, Zhan Y. Plasticity and Susceptibility of Brain Morphometry Alterations to Insufficient Sleep. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:266. [PMID: 29997530 PMCID: PMC6030367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background: Insufficient sleep is common in daily life and can lead to cognitive impairment. Sleep disturbance also exists in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, whether and how acute and chronic sleep loss affect brain morphology remain largely unknown. Methods: We used voxel-based morphology method to study the brain structural changes during sleep deprivation (SD) at six time points of rested wakefulness, 20, 24, 32, 36 h SD, and after one night sleep in 22 healthy subjects, and in 39 patients with chronic primary insomnia relative to 39 status-matched good sleepers. Attention network and spatial memory tests were performed at each SD time point in the SD Procedure. The longitudinal data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis was used to determine the between-group differences. Results: Acute SD is associated with widespread gray matter volume (GMV) changes in the thalamus, cerebellum, insula and parietal cortex. Insomnia is associated with increased GMV in temporal cortex, insula and cerebellum. Acute SD is associated with brain atrophy and as SD hours prolong more areas show reduced GMV, and after one night sleep the brain atrophy is restored and replaced by increased GMV in brain areas. SD has accumulative negative effects on attention and working memory. Conclusions: Acute SD and insomnia exhibit distinct morphological changes of GMV. SD has accumulative negative effects on brain morphology and advanced cognitive function. The altered GMV may provide neurobiological basis for attention and memory impairments following sleep loss. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Sleep is less frequently studied using imaging techniques than neurological and psychiatric disorders. Whether and how acute and chronic sleep loss affect brain morphology remain largely unknown. We used voxel-based morphology method to study brain structural changes in healthy subjects over multiple time points during sleep deprivation (SD) status and in patients with chronic insomnia. We found that prolonged acute SD together with one night sleep recovery exhibits accumulative atrophic effect and recovering plasticity on brain morphology, in line with behavioral changes on attentional tasks. Furthermore, acute SD and chronic insomnia exhibit distinct morphological changes of gray matter volume (GMV) but they also share overlapping GMV changes. The altered GMV may provide structural basis for attention and memory impairments following sleep loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jian Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Nie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China.,Department of Radiology, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China
| | - Bi-Xia Liu
- Department of ICU, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Pei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Honghan Gong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cerri M, Luppi M, Tupone D, Zamboni G, Amici R. REM Sleep and Endothermy: Potential Sites and Mechanism of a Reciprocal Interference. Front Physiol 2017; 8:624. [PMID: 28883799 PMCID: PMC5573803 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous data show a reciprocal interaction between REM sleep and thermoregulation. During REM sleep, the function of thermoregulation appears to be impaired; from the other hand, the tonic activation of thermogenesis, such as during cold exposure, suppresses REM sleep occurrence. Recently, both the central neural network controlling REM sleep and the central neural network controlling thermoregulation have been progressively unraveled. Thermoregulation was shown to be controlled by a central “core” circuit, responsible for the maintenance of body temperature, modulated by a set of accessory areas. REM sleep was suggested to be controlled by a group of hypothalamic neurons overlooking at the REM sleep generating circuits within the brainstem. The two networks overlap in a few areas, and in this review, we will suggest that in such overlap may reside the explanation of the reciprocal interaction between REM sleep and thermoregulation. Considering the peculiar modulation of thermoregulation by REM sleep the result of their coincidental evolution, REM sleep may therefore be seen as a period of transient heterothermy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Marco Luppi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Tupone
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zamboni
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Amici
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
da Silva Rocha-Lopes J, Machado RB, Suchecki D. Chronic REM Sleep Restriction in Juvenile Male Rats Induces Anxiety-Like Behavior and Alters Monoamine Systems in the Amygdala and Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2884-2896. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
40
|
Santa Cecília Silva AA, Lopes TDVC, Teixeira KR, Mendes JA, de Souza Borba ME, Mota MC, Waterhouse J, Crispim CA. The association between anxiety, hunger, the enjoyment of eating foods and the satiety after food intake in individuals working a night shift compared with after taking a nocturnal sleep: A prospective and observational study. Appetite 2017; 108:255-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
41
|
Parrish JB, Teske JA. Acute partial sleep deprivation due to environmental noise increases weight gain by reducing energy expenditure in rodents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:141-146. [PMID: 27896948 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic partial sleep deprivation (SD) by environmental noise exposure increases weight gain and feeding in rodents, which contrasts weight loss after acute SD by physical methods. This study tested whether acute environmental noise exposure reduced sleep and its effect on weight gain, food intake, physical activity, and energy expenditure (EE). It was hypothesized that acute exposure would (1) increase weight gain and feeding and (2) reduce sleep, physical activity, and EE (total and individual components); and (3) behavioral changes would persist throughout recovery from SD. METHODS Three-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats slept ad libitum, were noise exposed (12-h light cycle), and allowed to recover (36 h). Weight gain, food intake, sleep/wake, physical activity, and EE were measured. RESULTS Acute environmental noise exposure had no effect on feeding, increased weight gain (P < 0.01), and reduced sleep (P < 0.02), physical activity (P < 0.03), total EE (P < 0.05), and several components (P < 0.05). Reductions in EE and physical activity persisted during recovery. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in EE during sleep, rest, and physical activity reduce total EE and contribute to weight gain during acute SD and recovery from SD. These data emphasize the importance of increasing physical activity after SD to prevent obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Parrish
- United States Air Force Institute of Technology, USA
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer A Teske
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Minnesota Obesity Center at the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hoffman GE, Koban M. Hypothalamic L-Histidine Decarboxylase Is Up-Regulated During Chronic REM Sleep Deprivation of Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152252. [PMID: 27997552 PMCID: PMC5172538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A competition of neurobehavioral drives of sleep and wakefulness occurs during sleep deprivation. When enforced chronically, subjects must remain awake. This study examines histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus in response to enforced wakefulness in rats. We tested the hypothesis that the rate-limiting enzyme for histamine biosynthesis, L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC), would be up-regulated during chronic rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REM-SD) because histamine plays a major role in maintaining wakefulness. Archived brain tissues of male Sprague Dawley rats from a previous study were used. Rats had been subjected to REM-SD by the flowerpot paradigm for 5, 10, or 15 days. For immunocytochemistry, rats were transcardially perfused with acrolein-paraformaldehyde for immunodetection of L-HDC; separate controls used carbodiimide-paraformaldehyde for immunodetection of histamine. Immunolocalization of histamine within the tuberomammillary nucleus was validated using carbodiimide. Because HDC antiserum has cross-reactivity with other decarboxylases at high antibody concentrations, titrations localized L-HDC to only tuberomammillary nucleus at a dilution of ≥ 1:300,000. REM-SD increased immunoreactive HDC by day 5 and it remained elevated in both dorsal and ventral aspects of the tuberomammillary complex. Our results suggest that up-regulation of L-HDC within the tuberomammillary complex during chronic REM-SD may be responsible for maintaining wakefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria E. Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Koban
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Khanday MA, Somarajan BI, Mehta R, Mallick BN. Noradrenaline from Locus Coeruleus Neurons Acts on Pedunculo-Pontine Neurons to Prevent REM Sleep and Induces Its Loss-Associated Effects in Rats. eNeuro 2016; 3:ENEURO.0108-16.2016. [PMID: 27957531 PMCID: PMC5144555 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0108-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Normally, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) does not appear during waking or non-REMS. Isolated, independent studies showed that elevated noradrenaline (NA) levels inhibit REMS and induce REMS loss-associated cytomolecular, cytomorphological, psychosomatic changes and associated symptoms. However, the source of NA and its target in the brain for REMS regulation and function in health and diseases remained to be confirmed in vivo. Using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-siRNA and virus-coated TH-shRNA in normal freely moving rats, we downregulated NA synthesis in locus coeruleus (LC) REM-OFF neurons in vivo. These TH-downregulated rats showed increased REMS, which was prevented by infusing NA into the pedunculo-pontine tegmentum (PPT), the site of REM-ON neurons, normal REMS returned after recovery. Moreover, unlike normal or control-siRNA- or shRNA-injected rats, upon REMS deprivation (REMSD) TH-downregulated rat brains did not show elevated Na-K ATPase (molecular changes) expression and activity. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first in vivo findings in an animal model confirming that NA from the LC REM-OFF neurons (1) acts on the PPT REM-ON neurons to prevent appearance of REMS, and (2) are responsible for inducing REMSD-associated molecular changes and symptoms. These observations clearly show neuro-physio-chemical mechanism of why normally REMS does not appear during waking. Also, that LC neurons are the primary source of NA, which in turn causes some, if not many, REMSD-associated symptoms and behavioral changes. The findings are proof-of-principle for the first time and hold potential to be exploited for confirmation toward treating REMS disorder and amelioration of REMS loss-associated symptoms in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindu I Somarajan
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110607, India
| | - Rachna Mehta
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110607, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Brianza-Padilla M, Bonilla-Jaime H, Almanza-Pérez JC, López-López AL, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Vázquez-Palacios G. Effects of different periods of paradoxical sleep deprivation and sleep recovery on lipid and glucose metabolism and appetite hormones in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:235-43. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sleep has a fundamental role in the regulation of energy balance, and it is an essential and natural process whose precise impacts on health and disease have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of different periods of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and recovery from PSD on lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, and changes in insulin, corticosterone, ghrelin, and leptin concentrations. Three-month-old male Wistar rats weighing 250–350 g were submitted to 24, 96, or 192 h of PSD or 192 h of PSD with 480 h of recovery. The PSD was induced by the multiple platforms method. Subsequently, the animals were submitted to an OGTT. One day later, the animals were killed and the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipoproteins (low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein), insulin, ghrelin, leptin, and corticosterone in plasma were quantified. There was a progressive decrease in body weight with increasing duration of PSD. The PSD induced basal hypoglycemia over all time periods evaluated. Evaluation of areas under the curve revealed progressive hypoglycemia only after 96 and 192 h of PSD. There was an increase in corticosterone levels after 192 h of PSD. We conclude that PSD induces alterations in metabolism that are reversed after a recovery period of 20 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Área de Biología Conductual y Reproductiva, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340, Mexico
| | - Julio César Almanza-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CP 09340, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura López-López
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CP 09340, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia (Ignacio Chávez), Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Vázquez-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México-San Lorenzo Tezonco, Av. Prolongación San Isidro No. 151, Col. San Lorenzo Tezonco, Del. Iztapalapa, CP 09790, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ribeiro-Silva N, Nejm MB, da Silva SMA, Suchecki D, Luz J. Restriction of rapid eye movement sleep during adolescence increases energy gain and metabolic efficiency in young adult rats. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:308-18. [PMID: 26663203 DOI: 10.1113/ep085323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Sleep curtailment in infancy and adolescence may lead to long-term risk for obesity, but the mechanisms involved have not yet been determined. This study examined the immediate and long-term metabolic effects produced by sleep restriction in young rats. What is the main finding and its importance? Prolonged sleep restriction reduced weight gain (body fat stores) in young animals. After prolonged recovery, sleep-restricted rats tended to save more energy and to store more fat, possibly owing to increased gross food efficiency. This could be the first step to understand this association. Sleep curtailment is associated with obesity and metabolic changes in adults and children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term metabolic alterations produced by sleep restriction in pubertal male rats. Male Wistar rats (28 days old) were allocated to a control (CTL) group or a sleep-restricted (SR) group. This was accomplished by the single platform technique for 18 h per day for 21 days. These groups were subdivided into the following four time points for assessment: sleep restriction and 1, 2 and 4 months of recovery. Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout the experiment. At the end of each time period, blood was collected for metabolic profiling, and the carcasses were processed for measurement of body composition and energy balance. During the period of sleep restriction, SR animals consumed less food in the home cages. This group also displayed lower body weight, body fat, triglycerides and glucose levels than CTL rats. At the end of the first month of recovery, despite eating as much as CTL rats, SR animals showed greater energy and body weight gain, increased gross food efficiency and decreased energy expenditure. At the end of the second and fourth months of recovery, the groups were no longer different, except for energy gain and gross food efficiency, which remained higher in SR animals. In conclusion, sleep restriction affected weight gain of young animals, owing to reduction of fat stores. Two months were sufficient to recover this deficit and to reveal that SR rats tended to save more energy and to store more fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neila Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bocca Nejm
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Suchecki
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Luz
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Sleep and energy balance are essential for health. The two processes act in concert to regulate central and peripheral homeostasis. During sleep, energy is conserved due to suspended activity, movement, and sensory responses, and is redirected to restore and replenish proteins and their assemblies into cellular structures. During wakefulness, various energy-demanding activities lead to hunger. Thus, hunger promotes arousal, and subsequent feeding, followed by satiety that promotes sleep via changes in neuroendocrine or neuropeptide signals. These signals overlap with circuits of sleep-wakefulness, feeding, and energy expenditure. Here, we will briefly review the literature that describes the interplay between the circadian system, sleep-wake, and feeding-fasting cycles that are needed to maintain energy balance and a healthy metabolic profile. In doing so, we describe the neuroendocrine, hormonal/peptide signals that integrate sleep and feeding behavior with energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Shukla
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Radhika Basheer
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kim JY, Yadav D, Ahn SV, Koh SB, Park JT, Yoon J, Yoo BS, Lee SH. A prospective study of total sleep duration and incident metabolic syndrome: the ARIRANG study. Sleep Med 2015; 16:1511-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
48
|
Venancio DP, Suchecki D. Prolonged REM sleep restriction induces metabolic syndrome-related changes: Mediation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:109-17. [PMID: 25532784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep restriction in human beings results in metabolic abnormalities, including changes in the control of glucose homeostasis, increased body mass and risk of cardiovascular disease. In rats, 96h of REM sleep deprivation increases caloric intake, but retards body weight gain. Moreover, this procedure increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which may be involved with the molecular mechanism proposed to mediate insulin resistance. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of a chronic protocol of sleep restriction on parameters of energy balance (food intake and body weight), leptin plasma levels and its hypothalamic receptors and mediators of the immune system in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT). Thirty-four Wistar rats were distributed in control (CTL) and sleep restriction groups; the latter was kept onto individual narrow platforms immersed in water for 18h/day (from 16:00h to 10:00h), for 21days (SR21). Food intake was assessed daily, after each sleep restriction period and body weight was measured daily, after the animals were taken from the sleep deprivation chambers. At the end of the 21day of sleep restriction, rats were decapitated and RPAT was obtained for morphological and immune functional assays and expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) was assessed in skeletal muscle. Another subset of animals was used to evaluate blood glucose clearance. The results replicated previous findings on energy balance, e.g., increased food intake and reduced body weight gain. There was a significant reduction of RPAT mass (p<0.001), of leptin plasma levels and hypothalamic leptin receptors. Conversely, increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and expression of phosphorylated NFκ-β in the RPAT of SR21 compared to CTL rats (p<0.01, for all parameters). SR21 rats also displayed reduced glucose clearance and IRS-1 expression than CTL rats (p<0.01). The present results indicated that 21days of sleep restriction by the platform method induced metabolic syndrome-related alterations that may be mediated by inflammation of the RPAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paulino Venancio
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tokizawa K, Sawada SI, Tai T, Lu J, Oka T, Yasuda A, Takahashi M. Effects of partial sleep restriction and subsequent daytime napping on prolonged exertional heat strain. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:521-8. [PMID: 25907211 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is considered that sleep restriction is one of the risk factors for the development of exertional heat stroke and illness. However, how sleep restriction affects exertional heat strain and the nature of the coping strategy involved in this phenomenon remain unclear. METHODS Fourteen healthy subjects were studied on four occasions: after a night of normal sleep (NS, 7-8 h) and after a night of partial sleep restriction (PSR, 4 h), each with or without taking a daytime nap during the subsequent experimental day. The laboratory test consisted of two 40 min periods of moderate walking in a hot room in the morning and the afternoon. RESULTS The increase in rectal temperature during walking was significantly greater in PSR than in NS in the afternoon. The rating scores for physical and psychological fatigue and sleepiness were significantly greater in PSR than in NS, both in the morning and in the afternoon. The reaction times and lapses in the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) after walking were significantly worse in PSR than in NS in the morning and after lunch. The nap intervention attenuated significantly the scores for fatigue and sleepiness in PSR. Furthermore, the decreased PVT response in PSR was significantly reversed by the nap. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PSR augments physiological and psychological strain and reduces vigilance in the heat. Taking a nap seemed to be effective in reducing psychological strain and inhibiting the decrease in vigilance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Tokizawa
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Tai
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jian Lu
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Oka
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Yasuda
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Effects of Mood Stabilizers on Brain Energy Metabolism in Mice Submitted to an Animal Model of Mania Induced by Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1144-52. [PMID: 25894682 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a body of evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in bipolar disorder (BD) pathogenesis. Studies suggest that abnormalities in circadian cycles are involved in the pathophysiology of affective disorders; paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) induces hyperlocomotion in mice. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the effects of lithium (Li) and valproate (VPA) in an animal model of mania induced by PSD for 96 h. PSD increased exploratory activity, and mood stabilizers prevented PSD-induced behavioral effects. PSD also induced a significant decrease in the activity of complex II-III in hippocampus and striatum; complex IV activity was decreased in prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex. Additionally, VPA administration was able to prevent PSD-induced inhibition of complex II-III and IV activities in prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex, whereas Li administration prevented PSD-induced inhibition only in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Regarding the enzymes of Krebs cycle, only citrate synthase activity was increased by PSD in prefrontal cortex. We also found a similar effect in creatine kinase, an important enzyme that acts in the buffering of ATP levels in brain; its activity was increased in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These results are consistent with the connection of mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperactivity in BD and suggest that the present model fulfills adequate face, construct and predictive validity as an animal model of mania.
Collapse
|