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Zhao X, Chai Z, Wang J, Hou D, Li B, Zhang L, Huang W. Assessment on malvidin-3-glucoside interaction with TLR4 via multi-spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 318:124460. [PMID: 38761477 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
As one innate immune pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recently has been considered as a critical player in glucolipid metabolism. Blueberries contain high level of anthocyanins, especially malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv-3-glc), which contribute the anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. It is speculated that Mv-3-glc is able to possess these functions by binding to TLR4. Here, the noncovalent interactions of Mv-3-glc and TLR4 was explored through multi-techniques including fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, as well as molecular docking. The results demonstrated that Mv-3-glc was able to quench TLR4 intrinsic fluorescence effectively. A stable complex was formed spontaneously and the reaction was exothermic. The degree of binding of Mv-3-glc to TLR4 showed a strong dependence on the chemical concentration, temperature, and pH values. The negative signs for enthalpy (ΔH = -69.1 ± 10.8 kJ/mol) and entropy (ΔS = -105.0 ± 12.3 J/mol/K) from the interaction of the Mv-3-glc and TLR4 shows that the major driving forces are the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals' force, which is consistent with the molecular docking results. In addition, molecular docking predicted that the active center with specific amino acid residues, Phe126, Ser127, Leu54, Ile153, and Tyr131 was responsible for the site of Mv-3-glc binding to TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2). These findings confirmed that Mv-3-glc could bind to TLR4, which would be beneficial to understand the target therapeutic effects of blueberry anthocyanins on TLR4 in regulating glucolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhao
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Zhi Chai
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Dongjie Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110866, PR China.
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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Ahmad Z, Kahloan W, Rosen ED. Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:573-587. [PMID: 38769435 PMCID: PMC11392651 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of nine transcription factors in mammals. IRFs exert broad effects on almost all aspects of immunity but are best known for their role in the antiviral response. Over the past two decades, IRFs have been implicated in metabolic physiology and pathophysiology, partly as a result of their known functions in immune cells, but also because of direct actions in adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes and neurons. This Review focuses predominantly on IRF3 and IRF4, which have been the subject of the most intense investigation in this area. IRF3 is located in the cytosol and undergoes activation and nuclear translocation in response to various signals, including stimulation of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and the cGAS-STING pathways. IRF3 promotes weight gain, primarily by inhibiting adipose thermogenesis, and also induces inflammation and insulin resistance using both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. IRF4, meanwhile, is generally pro-thermogenic and anti-inflammatory and has profound effects on lipogenesis and lipolysis. Finally, new data are emerging on the role of other IRF family members in metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, data indicate that IRFs serve as critical yet underappreciated integrators of metabolic and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunair Ahmad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Wahab Kahloan
- AdventHealth Orlando Family Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Keivanlou MH, Amini-Salehi E, Sattari N, Hashemi M, Saberian P, Prabhu SV, Javid M, Mirdamadi A, Heidarzad F, Bakhshi A, Letafatkar N, Zare R, Hassanipour S, Nayak SS. Gut microbiota interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: An umbrella review of glycemic indices. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103110. [PMID: 39213690 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore how probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics impact glycemic indices in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception up to April 2023. The random-effects model was employed for the study analysis. Furthermore, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. AMSTAR2 checklist was used to determine the quality of studies. Comprehensive meta-analysis version 3 was used for the study analysis. RESULT A total of 31 studies were included in the final analysis. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, gut microbial therapy could significantly decrease serum fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (effect size: -0.211; 95 % CI: -0.257, -0.164; P < 0.001). Additionally, significant associations were also found between gut microbial therapy and improved serum levels of fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (effect size: -0.087; 95 % confidence interval: -0.120, -0.053; P < 0.001; effect size: -0.166; 95 % confidence interval: -0.200, -0.132; P < 0.001; effect size: -0.230; 95 % confidence interval: -0.288, -0.172; P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results revealed promising effects of gut microbiota modulation on glycemic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The use of these agents as additional treatments can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hossein Keivanlou
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Amini-Salehi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nazila Sattari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parsa Saberian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Mona Javid
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arian Mirdamadi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Forough Heidarzad
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Bakhshi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Negin Letafatkar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Reza Zare
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Sandeep Samethadka Nayak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital , Bridgeport, CT, USA
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Zhang S, Zhao Y, Lalsiamthara J, Peng Y, Qi L, Deng S, Wang Q. Current research progress on Prevotella intermedia and associated diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39140115 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2390594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Prevotella intermedia is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that is a common pathogen of periodontitis. Recent studies have revealed that P. intermedia is closely associated with a variety of diseases involving multiple systems. Under the action of its virulence factors such as cysteine protease and adhesins, P. intermedia has the ability to bind and invade various host cells including gingival fibroblasts. It can also copolymerize a variety of pathogenic bacteria, leading to interference with the host's immune inflammatory response and causing various diseases. In this article, we review the progress of research on P. intermedia virulence factors and bacterial pathogenesis, and the correlation between P. intermedia and various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuheng Zhao
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Cleaning Technology& Detergent of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linlong Qi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gendron WH, Fertan E, Roddick KM, Wong AA, Maliougina M, Hiani YE, Anini Y, Brown RE. Intranasal insulin treatment ameliorates spatial memory, muscular strength, and frailty deficits in 5xFAD mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114583. [PMID: 38750806 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The 5xFAD mouse model shows age-related weight loss as well as cognitive and motor deficits. Metabolic dysregulation, especially impaired insulin signaling, is also present in AD. This study examined whether intranasal delivery of insulin (INI) at low (0.875 U) or high (1.750 U) doses would ameliorate these deficits compared to saline in 10-month-old female 5xFAD and B6SJL wildtype (WT) mice. INI increased forelimb grip strength in the wire hang test in 5xFAD mice in a dose-dependent manner but did not improve the performance of 5xFAD mice on the balance beam. High INI doses reduced frailty scores in 5xFAD mice and improved spatial memory in both acquisition and reversal probe trials in the Morris water maze. INI increased swim speed in 5xFAD mice but had no effect on object recognition memory or working memory in the spontaneous alternation task, nor did it improve memory in the contextual or cued fear memory tasks. High doses of insulin increased the liver, spleen, and kidney weights and reduced brown adipose tissue weights. P-Akt signaling in the hippocampus was increased by insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, INI increased strength, reduced frailty scores, and improved visual spatial memory. Hypoglycemia was not present after INI, however alterations in tissue and organ weights were present. These results are novel and important as they indicate that intra-nasal insulin can reverse cognitive, motor and frailty deficits found in this mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Gendron
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emre Fertan
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kyle M Roddick
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aimée A Wong
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Maria Maliougina
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Younes Anini
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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6
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Qu J, Wang Y, Wang Q. Cuproptosis: potential new direction in diabetes research and treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1344729. [PMID: 38904034 PMCID: PMC11188452 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1344729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of cell death, stems from an overabundance of copper ions infiltrating mitochondria. These ions directly engage lipoylated proteins, prompting their oligomerization and subsequent loss of iron-sulfur clusters. This sequence induces proteotoxic stress, ultimately culminating in cell death. Type 2 diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder resulting from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, has not yet been fully understood in terms of its etiology and pathogenesis. Intricately, it is linked to various modalities of cell death, including mitochondrial autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Studies have discovered impaired copper metabolism in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, hinting at a unique role for copper homeostasis in the progression of the disease. To this end, the present research aims to delineate the potential correlation between cuproptosis and Type 2 diabetes by exhaustively reviewing the existing literature. By synthesizing relevant research on cuproptosis, the paper intends to lay the groundwork for a thorough exploration of the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. The ultimate objective is to facilitate a deeper understanding of Type 2 diabetes and to identify novel therapeutic strategies associated with cuproptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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7
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Zhao X, Zheng J, Wang J, Li B, Huang W. Inhibition of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia by Blocking Toll-like Receptor 4: Comparison of Wild-Type and Toll-like Receptor 4 Gene Knockout Mice on Obesity and Diabetes Modeling. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:63. [PMID: 38275739 PMCID: PMC10813444 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Innate immune receptor TLR4 plays an important role in glycolipid metabolism. The objective of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of blocking TLR4 on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by comparing WT and TLR4-/- mice in obesity and diabetes modeling. The knockout of the TLR4 gene could prevent weight gain induced by a high-fat diet (HFD)/high-sugar and high-fat diet (HSHFD), and the differences in the responses existed between the sexes. It extends the time required to reach the obesity criteria. However, when mice were injected with intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) after being fed by HSHFD for two months, TLR4-/- mice exhibited less weight loss than WT. Blocking TLR4 alleviated the changes in body weight and blood glucose, consequently reducing the efficiency of diabetes modeling, especially for male mice. Additionally, male TLR4-/- obese mice exhibit lower total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in serum and less formation of fat droplets in the liver compared to WT. On the other hand, the knockout of TLR4 significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of male mice. This study should provide new insights into the role of TLR4, as well as opportunities to target novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhao
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
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8
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Karimi MA, Vaezi A, Ansari A, Archin I, Dadgar K, Rasouli A, Ghannadikhosh P, Alishiri G, Tizro N, Gharei F, Imanparvar S, Salehi S, Mazhari SA, Etemadi MH, Alipour M, Deravi N, Naziri M. Lipid variability and risk of microvascular complications in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:4. [PMID: 38167035 PMCID: PMC10759662 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The current systematic review aimed to elucidate the effects of lipid variability on microvascular complication risk in diabetic patients. The lipid components studied were as follows: High-density lipoprotein (HDL), High-density lipoprotein (LDL), Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), and Remnant Cholesterol (RC). METHOD We carried out a systematic search in multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, up to October 2nd, 2023. After omitting the duplicates, we screened the title and abstract of the studies. Next, we retrieved and reviewed the full text of the remaining articles and included the ones that met our inclusion criteria in the study. RESULT In this research, we examined seven studies, comprising six cohort studies and one cross-sectional study. This research was conducted in Hong Kong, China, Japan, Taiwan, Finland, and Italy. The publication years of these articles ranged from 2012 to 2022, and the duration of each study ranged from 5 to 14.3 years. The study group consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes aged between 45 and 84 years, with a diabetes history of 7 to 12 years. These studies have demonstrated that higher levels of LDL, HDL, and TG variability can have adverse effects on microvascular complications, especially nephropathy and neuropathic complications. TG and LDL variability were associated with the development of albuminuria and GFR decline. Additionally, reducing HDL levels showed a protective effect against microalbuminuria. However, other studies did not reveal an apparent relationship between lipid variations and microvascular complications, such as retinopathy. Current research lacks geographic and demographic diversity. Increased HDL, TG, and RC variability have been associated with several microvascular difficulties. Still, the pathogenic mechanism is not entirely known, and understanding how lipid variability affects microvascular disorders may lead to novel treatments. Furthermore, the current body of this research is restricted in its coverage. This field's lack of thorough investigations required a more extensive study and comprehensive effort. CONCLUSION The relationship between lipid variation (LDL, HDL, and TG) (adverse effects) on microvascular complications, especially nephropathy and neuropathic (and maybe not retinopathy), is proven. Physicians and health policymakers should be highly vigilant to lipid variation in a general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Karimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Vaezi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Ansari
- Medical Student, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Iman Archin
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kiarash Dadgar
- Young Researchers Elite Club, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Rasouli
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parna Ghannadikhosh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Goharsharieh Alishiri
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Neda Tizro
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gharei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Imanparvar
- School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sakineh Salehi
- Department of Medicine, Ardabil Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | | | - Milad Alipour
- Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdyieh Naziri
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Krishna S, Echevarria KG, Reed CH, Eo H, Wintzinger M, Quattrocelli M, Valentine RJ, Selsby JT. A fat- and sucrose-enriched diet causes metabolic alterations in mdx mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R692-R711. [PMID: 37811713 PMCID: PMC11178302 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a progressive muscle disease caused by the absence of functional dystrophin protein, is associated with multiple cellular, physiological, and metabolic dysfunctions. As an added complication to the primary insult, obesity/insulin resistance (O/IR) is frequently reported in patients with DMD; however, how IR impacts disease severity is unknown. We hypothesized a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) would induce O/IR, exacerbate disease severity, and cause metabolic alterations in dystrophic mice. To test this hypothesis, we treated 7-wk-old mdx (disease model) and C57 mice with a control diet (CD) or an HFHSD for 15 wk. The HFHSD induced insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hyperglycemia in C57 and mdx mice. Of note, mdx mice on CD were also insulin resistant. In addition, visceral adipose tissue weights were increased with HFHSD in C57 and mdx mice though differed by genotype. Serum creatine kinase activity and histopathological analyses using Masson's trichrome staining in the diaphragm indicated muscle damage was driven by dystrophin deficiency but was not augmented by diet. In addition, markers of inflammatory signaling, mitochondrial abundance, and autophagy were impacted by disease but not diet. Despite this, in addition to disease signatures in CD-fed mice, metabolomic and lipidomic analyses demonstrated a HFHSD caused some common changes in C57 and mdx mice and some unique signatures of O/IR within the context of dystrophin deficiency. In total, these data revealed that in mdx mice, 15 wk of HFHSD did not overtly exacerbate muscle injury but further impaired the metabolic status of dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Krishna
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | | | - Carter H Reed
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Michelle Wintzinger
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Rudy J Valentine
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Joshua T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
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Fallah F, Mahdavi R. Ameliorating effects of L-carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic traits in women with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1237882. [PMID: 37929031 PMCID: PMC10622781 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1237882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, a multifactorial disorder with pandemic dimensions, is conceded a major culprit of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating efficient therapeutic strategies. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are considered promising adjuvant/complementary approaches for weight management in individuals with obesity who have low adherence to conventional treatments. Current literature supports the weight-reducing efficacy of pro/pre/synbiotics or L-carnitine; however, the superiority of the nutraceutical joint supplementation approach over common single therapies to counter obesity and accompanying comorbidities is well documented. This study was designed to assess the effects of L-carnitine single therapy compared with L-carnitine and multistrain/multispecies synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indicators in women with obesity. Methods The current placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 46 women with obesity, randomly allocated to either concomitant supplementation [L-carnitine tartrate (2 × 500 mg/day) + multistrain/multispecies synbiotic (1 capsule/day)] or monotherapy [L-carnitine tartrate (2 × 500 mg/day) + maltodextrin (1 capsule/day)] groups for 8 weeks. Participants in both groups received healthy eating dietary advice. Results Anthropometric, lipid, and glycemic indices significantly improved in both intervention groups; however, L-carnitine + synbiotic co-administration elicited a greater reduction in the anthropometric measures including body mass index (BMI), body weight, and neck, waist, and hip circumferences (p < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.012, and =0.030, respectively) after adjusting for probable confounders. Moreover, L-carnitine + synbiotic joint supplementation resulted in a greater reduction in fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (though marginal), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and more increment in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; p = 0.014, 0.051, 0.024, and 0.019, respectively) compared with the L-carnitine + placebo monosupplementation. No significant intergroup changes were found for the lipid profile biomarkers, except for a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (HDL-C) in the L-carnitine + synbiotic group (p = 0.009). Conclusion L-carnitine + synbiotic co-supplementation was more beneficial in ameliorating anthropometric indices as well as some cardiometabolic parameters compared with L-carnitine single therapy, suggesting that it is a promising adjuvant approach to ameliorate obesity or associated metabolic complications through potential synergistic or complementary mechanisms. Further longer duration clinical trials in a three-group design are demanded to verify the complementary or synergistic mechanisms. Clinical trial registration www.irct.ir, Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20080904001197N13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Fallah
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Sorski L, Gidron Y. The Vagal Nerve, Inflammation, and Diabetes-A Holy Triangle. Cells 2023; 12:1632. [PMID: 37371102 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic disease and a substantial risk factor of other fatal illnesses. At its core is insulin resistance, where chronic low-level inflammation is among its main causes. Thus, it is crucial to modulate this inflammation. This review paper provides scientific neuroimmunological evidence on the protective roles of the vagal nerve in T2DM. First, the vagus inhibits inflammation in a reflexive manner via neuroendocrine and neuroimmunological routes. This may also occur at the level of brain networks. Second, studies have shown that vagal activity, as indexed by heart-rate variability (HRV), is inversely related to diabetes and that low HRV is a predictor of T2DM. Finally, some emerging evidence shows that vagal nerve activation may reduce biomarkers and processes related to diabetes. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to test the effects of vagal nerve activation on T2DM and its underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Sorski
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yori Gidron
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Haifa University, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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12
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Szukiewicz D. Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9818. [PMID: 37372966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to the control of glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially in adipose tissue (AT). The prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on a pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes. Impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin or IR paradoxically leads to diseases with an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, an excess of visceral AT in obesity initiates chronic low-grade inflammatory conditions that interfere with insulin signaling via insulin receptors (INSRs). Moreover, in response to IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates a primarily defensive inflammatory response associated with the subsequent release of numerous inflammatory cytokines and a real threat of organ function deterioration. In this review, all components of this vicious cycle are characterized with particular emphasis on the interplay between insulin signaling and both the innate and adaptive immune responses related to obesity. Increased visceral AT accumulation in obesity should be considered the main environmental factor responsible for the disruption in the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the immune system, resulting in autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Suren Garg S, Kushwaha K, Dubey R, Gupta J. Association between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance: Insights into signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 200:110691. [PMID: 37150407 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a metabolic disorder, is becoming a worldwide epidemic that predominantly increases the risk for various diseases including metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms that link obesity with other metabolic diseases are not completely understood. In obesity, various inflammatory pathways that cause inflammation in adipose tissue of an obese individual become activated and exacerbate the disease. Obesity-induced low-grade metabolic inflammation perturbates the insulin signaling pathway and leads to insulin resistance. Researchers have identified several pathways that link the impairment of insulin resistance through obesity-induced inflammation like activation of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, cJun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK), Wingless-related integration site (Wnt), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. In this review article, the published studies have been reviewed to identify the potential and influential role of different signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance along with the discussion on potential therapeutic strategies. Therapies targeting these signaling pathways show improvements in metabolic diseases associated with obesity, but require further testing and confirmation through clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourbh Suren Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Kriti Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rupal Dubey
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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14
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Jain S, Saha P, Syamprasad NP, Panda SR, Rajdev B, Jannu AK, Sharma P, Naidu VGM. Targeting TLR4/3 using chlorogenic acid ameliorates LPS+POLY I:C-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome via alleviating oxidative stress-mediated NLRP3/NF-κB axis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:785-805. [PMID: 36951146 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition caused due to significant pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been shown to possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoprotective properties. However, the protective effect of CGA on viral and bacterial-induced ALI/ARDS is not yet explored. Hence, the current study is aimed to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of CGA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (POLY I:C)-induced ALI/ARDS models in vitro and in vivo. Human airway epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells exposed to LPS+POLY I:C significantly elevated oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. Co-treatment with CGA (10 and 50 µM) prevented inflammation and oxidative stress mediated by TLR4/TLR3 and NLRP3 inflammasome axis. BALB/c mice, when chronically challenged with LPS+POLY I:C showed a significant influx of immune cells, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely: IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and treatment with intranasal CGA (1 and 5 mg/kg) normalized the elevated levels of immune cell infiltration as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines. D-Dimer, the serum marker for intravascular coagulation, was significantly increased in LPS+ POLY I:C challenged animals which was reduced with CGA treatment. Further, CGA treatment also has a beneficial effect on the lung and heart, as shown by improving lung physiological and cardiac functional parameters accompanied by the elevated antioxidant response and simultaneous reduction in tissue damage caused by LPS+POLY I:C co-infection. In summary, these comprehensive, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that CGA may be a viable therapeutic option for bacterial and viral-induced ALI-ARDS-like pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Pritam Saha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Nayadi Parambil Syamprasad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Samir Rajan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Bishal Rajdev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Arun Kumar Jannu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, U.S.A
| | - Vegi Ganga Modi Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for the Excellence of GMP Extraction Facility, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, India
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15
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Yu T, Wang L, Zhang L, Deuster PA. Mitochondrial Fission as a Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases: Insights into Antioxidant Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1163. [PMID: 37371893 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission is a crucial process in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in normal physiology and under conditions of stress. Its dysregulation has been associated with several metabolic diseases, including, but not limited to, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve a vital role in the genesis of these conditions, and mitochondria are both the main sites of ROS production and the primary targets of ROS. In this review, we explore the physiological and pathological roles of mitochondrial fission, its regulation by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and the interplay between ROS and mitochondria in health and metabolic diseases. We also discuss the potential therapeutic strategies of targeting mitochondrial fission through antioxidant treatments for ROS-induced conditions, including the effects of lifestyle interventions, dietary supplements, and chemicals, such as mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) and other mitochondrial fission inhibitors, as well as certain commonly used drugs for metabolic diseases. This review highlights the importance of understanding the role of mitochondrial fission in health and metabolic diseases, and the potential of targeting mitochondrial fission as a therapeutic approach to protecting against these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzheng Yu
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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16
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Rodríguez-García R, Vazquez-Villamar M, Aparicio-Ozores G, Parra-Rojas I, Radilla-Vázquez RB, Castro-Alarcón N. TLR4 polymorphism and haplotype are associated with obesity and lipid profile in young population: a pilot study. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:903-913. [PMID: 36454439 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene can decrease or increase the response to lipopolysaccharide, increasing the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases, affecting the expression or receptor function by inducing a low-grade chronic inflammatory response. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of SNPs - 2570 A > G (rs2737190), - 2081 G > A (rs10983755), 896 A > G (rs 4986790), and 1196 C > T (rs4986791) of the TLR4 gene with obesity and metabolic alterations in the young population. RESULTS In this study, it was found that the carriers of the heterozygous genotype of the SNPs - 2081 G > A, 896 A > G, and 1196 C > T confer a higher risk of developing obesity (OR = 3.73, p = 0.018; OR = 5.66, p = 0.014, and OR = 8.95, p = 0.014, respectively). Also, with the lipid profile, the SNP - 2081 G > A was associated with total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 200 mg/dL (OR = 3.91, p = 0.020) and Kannel index > 3% (OR = 4.00, p = 0.008). The SNP 896 A > G was associated with LDL-c ≥ 100 mg/dL (OR = 3.64, p = 0.040) and Kannel index > 3% (OR = 4.33, p = 0.016), and the SNP 1196 C > T was associated with TC ≥ 200 mg/dL (OR = 4.37, p = 0.048), Castelli index > 4.5/> 5% (OR = 5.33, p = 0.016), and Kannel index > 3% (OR = 16.00, p = 0.001). Finally, the AGGT haplotype was associated with Castelli index > 4.5/> 5% (OR = 5.40, p = 0.015) and Kannel index > 3% (OR = 10.46, p < 0.001), and the AAAC haplotype was associated with obesity (OR = 3.56, p = 0.020), TC ≥ 200 mg/dL (OR = 4.04, p = 0.007), LDL-c ≥ 100 mg/dL (OR = 2.98, p = 0.030) and Kannel index > 3% (OR = 4.20, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The heterozygous genotype of the SNPs - 2081 G > A, 896 A > G and 1196 C > T of the TLR4 gene was associated with altered lipid profile and development of obesity in young university students of Guerrero State, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodríguez-García
- Laboratorio de Clínico, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital General Regional, #1. Av. Plan de Ayala S/N, C.P. 62450, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - M Vazquez-Villamar
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Sur Col. Haciendita, C. P. 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - G Aparicio-Ozores
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Avenida Plan de Ayala S/N, Col., C. P. 39610, Ciudad de México, México
| | - I Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - R B Radilla-Vázquez
- Programa de la Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - N Castro-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Sur Col. Haciendita, C. P. 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México.
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17
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Phoswa WN, Mokgalaboni K. Immunological Imbalances Associated with Epileptic Seizures in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050732. [PMID: 37239204 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health burden that leads to an increased morbidity and mortality rate arising from microvascular and macrovascular complications. Epilepsy leads to complications that cause psychological and physical distress to patients and carers. Although these conditions are characterized by inflammation, there seems to be a lack of studies that have evaluated inflammatory markers in the presence of both conditions (T2DM and epilepsy), especially in low-middle-income countries where T2DM is epidemic. Summary findings: In this review, we describe the role of immunity in the seizure generation of T2DM. Current evidence shows an increase in the levels of biomarkers such as interleukin (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), and toll-like receptors (TLRs) in epileptic seizures and T2DM. However, there is limited evidence to show a correlation between inflammatory markers in the central and peripheral levels of epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the pathophysiological mechanism behind epileptic seizures in T2DM through an investigation of immunological imbalances might improve diagnosis and further counter the risks of developing complications. This might also assist in delivering safe and effective therapies to T2DM patients affected, thus reducing morbidity and mortality by preventing or reducing associated complications. Moreover, this review also provides an overview approach on inflammatory cytokines that can be targeted when developing alternative therapies, in case these conditions coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N Phoswa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
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18
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Zhou X, Wang J, Zhou S, Liao J, Ye Z, Mao L. Efficacy of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32734. [PMID: 36705359 PMCID: PMC9875992 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The intestinal flora is closely related to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study intends to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotics in the treatment of NAFLD through a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials. METHODS This study was conducted through a search of published randomized controlled trials using probiotic-related drugs for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (up to April 6, 2022). The JADAD evaluation table was used to evaluate the quality of the literatures included in the search, and the risk of bias was evaluated according to the Cochrane evaluation manual. Finally, RevMan5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 21 randomized clinical trials involving 1037 patients with NAFLD were included in this study. Meta-analysis results showed that after probiotic intervention, liver function, blood lipid level, blood glucose levels and insulin levels were significantly reduced, which had a good effect on improving hepatic steatosis. However, it did not significantly improve BMI, inflammatory factors, or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Through the subgroup analysis of the course of treatment, it was found that ALT, GGT, TG, and blood sugar improved better in the probiotic treatment course of greater than or equal to 12 weeks. CONCLUSION This study shows that the use of probiotics therapy has a good regulating effect on liver function, steatosis, blood glucose level, insulin level and blood lipid level in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Sufang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiajia Liao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zuoyu Ye
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Leiming Mao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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19
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Zhao X, An X, Yang C, Sun W, Ji H, Lian F. The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149239. [PMID: 37056675 PMCID: PMC10086443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and provides the basis for a common understanding of these chronic diseases. In this study, we provide a systematic review of the causes, mechanisms, and treatments of IR. The pathogenesis of IR depends on genetics, obesity, age, disease, and drug effects. Mechanistically, any factor leading to abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway leads to the development of IR in the host, including insulin receptor abnormalities, disturbances in the internal environment (regarding inflammation, hypoxia, lipotoxicity, and immunity), metabolic function of the liver and organelles, and other abnormalities. The available therapeutic strategies for IR are mainly exercise and dietary habit improvement, and chemotherapy based on biguanides and glucagon-like peptide-1, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments (e.g., herbs and acupuncture) can also be helpful. Based on the current understanding of IR mechanisms, there are still some vacancies to follow up and consider, and there is also a need to define more precise biomarkers for different chronic diseases and lifestyle interventions, and to explore natural or synthetic drugs targeting IR treatment. This could enable the treatment of patients with multiple combined metabolic diseases, with the aim of treating the disease holistically to reduce healthcare expenditures and to improve the quality of life of patients to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hangyu Ji
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Hangyu Ji,
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20
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Zeng F, Zheng J, Shen L, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Huang W, Sui Z. Physiological mechanisms of TLR4 in glucolipid metabolism regulation: Potential use in metabolic syndrome prevention. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:38-46. [PMID: 36428186 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Over-nourishment or an unbalanced diet has been linked to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. An imbalance in glucolipid metabolism is a major cause of metabolic syndrome, which has consequences for human health. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the innate immune pattern recognition receptor family, is involved in inflammation-related disorders, autoimmune diseases, and tumors. Recent research has shown that TLR4 plays a key role in glucolipid metabolism, which is linked to insulin resistance, intestinal flora, and the development of chronic inflammation. TLR4 activation regulates glucolipid metabolism and contributes to the dynamic relationship between innate immunity and nutrition-related disorders. Further, TLR4 regulates glucolipid metabolism by controlling glycolysis and pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation, interfering with insulin signaling, regulating adipogenic gene expression levels, influencing preadipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, and altering the intestinal microbiota and permeability. TLR4 functions may provide new therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this review is to enrich mechanistic research of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and other nutrition-related disorders by summarizing the role of TLR4 in the regulation of glucolipid metabolism as well as its physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zeng
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China; Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; School of Food & Bioengineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Li Shen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China
| | | | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; School of Food & Bioengineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Zhongquan Sui
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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21
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Expression of Steroid Receptor RNA Activator 1 (SRA1) in the Adipose Tissue Is Associated with TLRs and IRFs in Diabesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244007. [PMID: 36552771 PMCID: PMC9776802 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor RNA activator gene (SRA1) emerges as a player in pathophysiological responses of adipose tissue (AT) in metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously showed association of the AT SRA1 expression with inflammatory cytokines/chemokines involved in metabolic derangement. However, the relationship between altered adipose expression of SRA1 and the innate immune Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as players in nutrient sensing and metabolic inflammation as well as their downstream signaling partners, including interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), remains elusive. Herein, we investigated the association of AT SRA1 expression with TLRs, IRFs, and other TLR-downstream signaling mediators in a cohort of 108 individuals, classified based on their body mass index (BMI) as persons with normal-weight (N = 12), overweight (N = 32), and obesity (N = 64), including 55 with and 53 without T2D. The gene expression of SRA1, TLRs-2,3,4,7,8,9,10 and their downstream signaling mediators including IRFs-3,4,5, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were determined using qRT-PCR and SRA1 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. AT SRA1 transcripts' expression was significantly correlated with TLRs-3,4,7, MyD88, NF-κB, and IRF5 expression in individuals with T2D, while it associated with TLR9 and TRAF6 expression in all individuals, with/without T2D. SRA1 expression associated with TLR2, IRAK1, and IRF3 expression only in individuals with obesity, regardless of diabetes status. Furthermore, TLR3/TLR7/IRAK1 and TLR3/TLR9 were identified as independent predictors of AT SRA1 expression in individuals with obesity and T2D, respectively. Overall, our data demonstrate a direct association between the AT SRA1 expression and the TLRs together with their downstream signaling partners and IRFs in individuals with obesity and/or T2D.
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22
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Wang M, Chen M, Guo R, Ding Y, Zhang H, He Y. The improvement of sulforaphane in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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de Sousa Melo SR, Dos Santos LR, da Cunha Soares T, Cardoso BEP, da Silva Dias TM, Morais JBS, de Paiva Sousa M, de Sousa TGV, da Silva NC, da Silva LD, Cruz KJC, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Participation of Magnesium in the Secretion and Signaling Pathways of Insulin: an Updated Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3545-3553. [PMID: 35666386 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the participation of various minerals in mechanisms involving insulin. Magnesium, in particular, plays an important role in the secretion and action of this hormone. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the latest insights into the biochemical and molecular aspects of the participation of magnesium in insulin sensitivity. Magnesium plays a vital role in the activity of intracellular proteins involved in insulin secretion in β-pancreatic cells, such as glucokinase, ATPase, and protein kinase C. In addition, evidence suggests that this mineral participates directly in insulin sensitivity and signaling in peripheral tissues, acting in the phosphorylation of the receptor tyrosine kinase and the insulin receptor substrates 1, insulin receptor substrates 2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and protein kinase B, and indirectly by reducing oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation, which also lead to insulin resistance. Thus, magnesium deficiency is associated with glucose intolerance, while magnesium supplementation stimulates insulin secretion in pancreatic cells and improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. However, studies must consider assess short- and long-term nutritional status of mineral before performing intervention, the relevance of the balance of other nutrients that influence hormone secretion and sensibility, and health status of the assessed population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loanne Rocha Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (Piauí), Brasil
| | - Tamires da Cunha Soares
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (Piauí), Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Mickael de Paiva Sousa
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (Piauí), Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Kyria Jayanne Clímaco Cruz
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Rua Hugo Napoleão, 665, Ed. Palazzo Reale, Apto 2001, Jockey, CEP 64048-320, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Rua Hugo Napoleão, 665, Ed. Palazzo Reale, Apto 2001, Jockey, CEP 64048-320, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil.
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24
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Yu GR, Lim DW, Karunarathne WAHM, Kim GY, Kim H, Kim JE, Park WH. A non-polar fraction of Saponaria officinalis L. acted as a TLR4/MD2 complex antagonist and inhibited TLR4/MyD88 signaling in vitro and in vivo. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22387. [PMID: 35696068 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200018rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD2) signaling is regarded as a potential strategy for treating inflammatory diseases. Saponaria officinalis L. is rich in saponin, which include quillaic acid, gypsogenin, saponarin, and hederagenin. We evaluated the pharmacological activity of a Saponaria officinalis extract in THP-1 derived macrophages and RAW264.7 macrophages. TLR4/MyD88 complex formation and downstream signals were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). In silico docking simulation was conducted to predict binding scores and perform 3D modeling of saponarin-TLR4/MD2 complex. A hexane fraction of Saponaria officinalis (SH) and fr.1 (a sub-fraction 1 of SH) inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) activity, cytokine production, and the expressions of marker genes specific for M1 polarization. The inhibitory effects of fr.1 and saponarin on TLR4/MyD88 complex formation were observed by western blotting TLR4 co-immunoprecipitated proteins. Saponarin and fr.1 markedly attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, thus reducing mortality and morphological abnormality in zebrafish larvae. Finally, docking simulation revealed that saponarin can directly interact with TLR4/MD2 complex to inhibit downstream signalings. Our findings suggest that saponarin reduces downstream inflammatory response by disrupting TLR4/MD2 complex and blocking MyD88-dependent inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Ram Yu
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lim
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Kim
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Eun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hwan Park
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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25
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Divella R, Gadaleta Caldarola G, Mazzocca A. Chronic Inflammation in Obesity and Cancer Cachexia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2191. [PMID: 35456284 PMCID: PMC9027625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has long been linked to obesity and related conditions such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. According to current research, the increased risk of cancer in people with certain metabolic diseases may be due to chronic inflammation. Adipocytokines, which are pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted in excess, are elevated in many chronic metabolic diseases. Cytokines and inflammatory mediators, which are not directly linked to DNA, are important in tumorigenesis. Cachexia, a type of metabolic syndrome linked to the disease, is associated with a dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Obesity and cachexia have distinct metabolic characteristics, such as insulin resistance, increased lipolysis, elevated free fatty acids (FFA), and ceramide levels, which are discussed in this section. The goal of this research project is to create a framework for bringing together our knowledge of inflammation-mediated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- ASD Nordic Walking Apulia Lifestyle, Corso Giuseppe Di Vittorio 14, 70024 Gravina in Puglia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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26
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Ziegler MC, Garbim Junior EE, Jahnke VS, Lisbôa Moura JG, Brasil CS, Schimitt da Cunha PH, Lora PS, Gemelli T. Impact of probiotic supplementation in a patient with type 2 diabetes on glycemic and lipid profile. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:264-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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de Oliveira AA, Mendoza VO, Rastogi S, Nunes KP. New insights into the role and therapeutic potential of HSP70 in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106173. [PMID: 35278625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that HSP70 represents a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and various diabetic complications, including micro- and macro-vascular alterations, as well as impaired hemostasis. Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of both types of diabetes, increases the circulating levels of HSP70 (eHSP70), but there is still divergence about whether diabetes up- or down-regulates the intracellular fraction of this protein (iHSP70). Here, we consider that iHSP70 levels reduce in diabetic arterial structures and that the vascular system is in direct contact with all other systems in the body suggesting that a systemic response might also be happening for iHSP70, which is characterized by decreased levels of HSP70 in the vasculature. Furthermore, although many pathways have been proposed to explain HSP70's functions in diabetes, and organs/tissues/cells-specific variations occur, the membrane-bound receptor of the innate immune system, Toll-like receptor 4, and its downstream signal transduction pathways appear to be a constant, not only when we explore the actions of eHSP70, but also when we assess the contributions of iHSP70. In this review, we focus on discussing the multiple roles of HSP70 across organs/tissues/cells affected by hyperglycemia to further explore the possibility of targeting this protein with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Valentina Ochoa Mendoza
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Swasti Rastogi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States.
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28
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Zheng S, Chen N, Kang X, Hu Y, Shi S. Irisin alleviates FFA induced β-cell insulin resistance and inflammatory response through activating PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Endocrine 2022; 75:740-751. [PMID: 34546489 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Elevated free fatty acids-induced lipotoxicity may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of β-cell insulin resistance. Exercise-stimulated myokine irisin has been reported to be closely related to T2DM. However, its function on β-cell insulin signaling and the underlying mechanisms are only partially elucidated as yet. METHODS High-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice and palmitic acid-treated MIN6 cell models were utilized as lipotoxic models. Factors associated with β-cell insulin signaling transduction and inflammatory responses were assessed in these models. Furthermore, the role of irisin in β-cells and the underlying mechanisms were also explored. RESULTS Irisin effectively decreased lipid levels in HFD mice, enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and nullified the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro experiments. Moreover, irisin improved PI3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway and inhibited TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in both islets of HFD mice and PA-treated MIN6 cells. Mechanistic analysis indicated that FOXO1 might serve as a bridge between the two pathways. CONCLUSION Irisin alleviates lipotoxicity-induced β-cell insulin resistance and inflammatory response through the activation of PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathways and the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Irisin might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zheng
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ningxin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xingjian Kang
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yaomin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sheng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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29
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TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Responses Regulate Exercise-Induced Molecular Adaptations in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031877. [PMID: 35163799 PMCID: PMC8837103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise induces various adaptations that yield health benefits; however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Given that it has recently been accepted that inflammatory responses are required for a specific muscle adaptation after exercise, this study investigated whether toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, a pattern recognition receptor that induces proinflammatory cytokines, is responsible for exercise-induced adaptations in mouse skeletal muscle. The TLR4 mutant (TLR4m) and intact TLR4 control mice were each divided into 2 groups (sedentary and voluntary wheel running) and were housed for six weeks. Next, we removed the plantaris muscle and evaluated the expression of cytokines and muscle regulators. Exercise increased cytokine expression in the controls, whereas a smaller increase was observed in the TLR4m mice. Mitochondrial markers and mitochondrial biogenesis inducers, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta and heat shock protein 72, were increased in the exercised controls, whereas this upregulation was attenuated in the TLR4m mice. In contrast, exercise increased the expression of molecules such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha and glucose transporter 4 in both the controls and TLR4m mice. Our findings indicate that exercise adaptations such as mitochondrial biogenesis are mediated via TLR4, and that TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses could be involved in the mechanism of adaptation.
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30
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Padilha de Lima A, Macedo Rogero M, Araujo Viel T, Garay-Malpartida HM, Aprahamian I, Lima Ribeiro SM. Interplay between Inflammaging, Frailty and Nutrition in Covid-19: Preventive and Adjuvant Treatment Perspectives. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:67-76. [PMID: 35067706 PMCID: PMC8713542 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As humans age, their immune system undergoes modifications, including a low-grade inflammatory status called inflammaging. These changes are associated with a loss of physical and immune resilience, amplifying the risk of being malnourished and frail. Under the COVID-19 scenario, inflammaging increases the susceptibility to poor prognostics. We aimed to bring the current concepts of inflammaging and its relationship with frailty and COVID-19 prognostic; highlight the importance of evaluating the nutritional risk together with frailty aiming to monitor older adults in COVID-19 scenario; explore some compounds with potential to modulate inflammaging in perspective to manage the COVID-19 infection. Substances such as probiotics and senolytics can help reduce the high inflammatory status. Also, the periodic evaluation of nutrition risk and frailty will allow interventions, assuring the appropriate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Padilha de Lima
- Sandra Maria Lima Ribeiro, University of São Paulo- Public Health School, Av Dr. Arnaldo 715, Sao Paulo- SP- Brazil, e-mail:
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31
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The Intestinal Barrier and Its Dysfunction in Patients with Metabolic Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020662. [PMID: 35054847 PMCID: PMC8775587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing cause of liver disease worldwide, mirroring the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome. As there are still no licensed medications for treating the disease, there is an ongoing effort to elucidate the pathophysiology and to discover new treatment pathways. An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated a crosstalk between the gut and the liver, which plays a crucial role in the development and progression of liver disease. Among other intestinal factors, gut permeability represents an interesting factor at the interface of the gut–liver axis. In this narrative review, we summarise the evidence from human studies showing the association between increased gut permeability and NAFLD, as well as with type-2 diabetes and obesity. We also discuss the manipulation of the gut permeability as a potential therapeutical target in patients with NAFLD.
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32
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Mahendra J, Bains V, Mahendra L, Mittal M, Valli G. Markers, pathways, and current evidence for periodontitis-associated insulin resistance: A narrative review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2022; 12:475-487. [DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_92_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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33
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Park SY, Lee HJ, Song JH, Shin YK, Abd El-Aty AM, Ramadan A, Hacimuftuoglu A, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Dimethyl itaconate attenuates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells through the AMPK/FGF21/PPARδ-mediated suppression of inflammation. Life Sci 2021; 287:120129. [PMID: 34774619 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Itaconate (ITA), a derivative of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, has been documented to have a direct antimicrobial effect by inhibiting isocitrate lyase and suppressing proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated macrophages. However, the effects of dimethyl ITA (DITA), a membrane-permeable derivative of ITA, on insulin signaling and inflammation in skeletal muscle in an obese state remain to be elucidated. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effects of DITA on the impairment of insulin signaling and inflammation in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting was used to determine the expression of insulin signaling associated genes, inflammatory markers, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and PPARδ expression, as well as AMPK phosphorylation in mouse skeletal muscle cells. Secreted proinflammatory cytokine levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Insulin signaling was assessed by glucose uptake assay. KEY FINDINGS Treating C2C12 myocytes with DITA attenuated palmitate-induced aggravation of insulin signaling markers, such as insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt phosphorylation and inflammatory markers, such as NFκB and IκB phosphorylation. AMPK phosphorylation, as well as PPARδ and myokine FGF21 expression, were enhanced in C2C12 myocytes by DITA treatment. siRNA-mediated suppression of AMPK or FGF21 expression abolished the effects of DITA on insulin resistance and inflammation in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes. SIGNIFICANCE In sum, DITA suppresses inflammation through the AMPK/FGF21/PPARδ signaling, thereby alleviating insulin resistance in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes. The current study appears to be an essential basis for performing animal experiments to develop insulin resistance therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Amer Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - A Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Wang M. New Insights of Anti-Hyperglycemic Agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine on Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4849-4863. [PMID: 34876807 PMCID: PMC8643148 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s334325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Human microbiota, which is regarded as a “hidden organ”, plays an important role in the initiation and development of T2DM. In addition, anti-hyperglycemic agents and traditional Chinese medicine may affect the composition of gut microbiota and consequently improve glucose metabolism. However, the relationship between gut microbiota, T2DM and anti-hyperglycemic agents or traditional Chinese medicine is poorly understood. In this review, we summarized pre-clinical and clinical studies to elucidate the possible underlying mechanism. Some anti-hyperglycemic agents and traditional Chinese medicine may partly exert hypoglycemic effects by altering the gut microbiota composition in ways that reduce metabolic endotoxemia, maintain the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier, promote the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), decrease trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and regulate bile acid metabolism. In conclusion, gut microbiota may provide some new therapeutic targets for treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
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35
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Han Y, Shin YC, Kim AH, Kwon EY, Choi MS. Evaluation of the Dose-Dependent Effects of Fermented Mixed Grain Enzyme Food on Adiposity and Its Metabolic Disorders in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2021; 24:873-882. [PMID: 34406876 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient traditions showed that fermented enzyme foods have beneficial health effects on the body. However, only a few studies have reported on its impact on weight loss and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to verify whether diet supplementation with fermented enzyme foods can have a beneficial functional impact on the body. We examined the antiobesity properties of fermented mixed grain (FMG) with digestive enzymes (FMG) in diet-induced obese mice. Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to six dietary groups: (1) normal diet (ND), (2) high-fat diet (HFD), (3) Bacilus Coagulans, (4) steamed grain, (5) low-dose FMG (L-FMG), and (6) high-dose FMG (H-FMG) supplement for 12 weeks. The results showed that H-FMG supplement dramatically decreased body weight and fat mass with simultaneous decreases in plasma lipid contents. Furthermore, H-FMG significantly lowered fasting blood glucose concentrations and improved glucose tolerance compared with the HFD group. Also, the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines secreted from adipocytes in H-FMG-supplemented mice decreased dramatically. Taken together, our findings indicated that H-FMG can ameliorate HFD-induced obesity and its associated complications and could be used as a potential preventive intervention for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngji Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, and Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, and Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, and Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Resveratrol and Quercetin as Regulators of Inflammatory and Purinergic Receptors to Attenuate Liver Damage Associated to Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168939. [PMID: 34445644 PMCID: PMC8396326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS) and is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides and a varying degree of hepatic injury, inflammation, and repair. Moreover, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a critical role in the pathophysiological processes in the liver. There is extensive evidence of the beneficial effect of polyphenols such as resveratrol (RSV) and quercetin (QRC) on the treatment of liver pathology; however, the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we show that the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RSV and QRC against inflammation in liver damage in our MS model are due to the activation of novel pathways which have not been previously described such as the downregulation of the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), neutrophil elastase (NE) and purinergic receptor P2Y2. This downregulation leads to a decrease in apoptosis and hepatic fibrosis with no changes in hepatocyte proliferation. In addition, PPAR alpha and gamma expression were altered in MS but their expression was not affected by the treatment with the natural compounds. The improvement of liver damage by the administration of polyphenols was reflected in the normalization of serum transaminase activities.
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Jo S, Fang S. Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetes: Immune Modulation in Pancreatic β Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:716692. [PMID: 34484126 PMCID: PMC8415970 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.716692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased incidence of type I and type II diabetes has been prevailed worldwide. Though the pathogenesis of molecular mechanisms remains still unclear, there are solid evidence that disturbed immune homeostasis leads to pancreatic β cell failure. Currently, autoimmunity and uncontrolled inflammatory signaling pathways have been considered the major factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Many components of immune system have been reported to implicate pancreatic β cell failure, including helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells and gut microbiota. Immune modulation of those components using small molecules and antibodies, and fecal microbiota transplantation are undergoing in many clinical trials for the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. In this review we will discuss the basis of molecular pathogenesis focusing on the disturbed immune homeostasis in type I and type II diabetes, leading to pancreatic β cell destruction. Finally, we will introduce current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials by modulation of immune system for the treatment of type I and type II diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugyeong Jo
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ozbayer C, Kebapci MN, Kurt H, Colak E, Gunes HV, Degirmenci I. Potential associations between variants of genes encoding regulators of inflammation, and mediators of inflammation in type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 46:1395-1403. [PMID: 34145611 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a multigenic disease that develops with impaired β-cell function and insulin sensitivity and has a high prevalence worldwide. A cause often postulated for type 2 diabetes is chronic inflammation. It has been suggested that inflammatory regulators can inhibit insulin signal transduction and that inflammation is involved in insulin resistance (IR) and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In this direction, we aimed to investigate the gene variants of MyD88 (rs1319438, rs199396), IRAK4 (rs1461567, rs4251513, rs4251559) and TRAF6 (rs331455, rs331457) and serum levels of COX-2, NF-κB, iNOS in T2DM and IR. METHODS The MyD88, IRAK4 and TRAF6 variations were genotyped in 100 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 100 non-diabetic individuals using The MassARRAY® Iplex GOLD SNP genotyping method. The COX-2, iNOS and NF-κB levels were measured in serum samples with the sandwich-ELISA method. Results were analysed using SPSS Statistics software and the online FINNETI program. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In our study, a total of the 7 variants in the MyD88, IRAK4 and TRAF6 genes were genotyped, and as a result, no relationship was found between most of these variants and the risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance (p > 0.05). Only, the rs1461567 variant of the IRAK4 gene was significant in the heterozygous model (CC vs. CT), and the CT genotype was most frequent in diabetic individuals compared with the non-diabetics (p = 0.033). Additionally, COX-2 and iNOS levels were found to be associated with diabetes and insulin resistance (p < 0.05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Our results show that high COX-2 and iNOS levels are associated with T2DM, besides MyD88, IRAK4 and TRAF6 gene variations may not be closely related to type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Nevertheless, studies in this pathway with a different population and a large number of patients are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Ozbayer
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Medine Nur Kebapci
- Medical Faculty, Department of Endocrinology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hulyam Kurt
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Colak
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biostatistics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Veysi Gunes
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Degirmenci
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
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Dowey R, Iqbal A, Heller SR, Sabroe I, Prince LR. A Bittersweet Response to Infection in Diabetes; Targeting Neutrophils to Modify Inflammation and Improve Host Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678771. [PMID: 34149714 PMCID: PMC8209466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent infections occur commonly in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D) and increase patient morbidity and mortality. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes of the innate immune system that are critical in pathogen handling. Neutrophil responses to infection are dysregulated in diabetes, predominantly mediated by persistent hyperglycaemia; the chief biochemical abnormality in T1D and T2D. Therapeutically enhancing host immunity in diabetes to improve infection resolution is an expanding area of research. Individuals with diabetes are also at an increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), highlighting the need for re-invigorated and urgent focus on this field. The aim of this review is to explore the breadth of previous literature investigating neutrophil function in both T1D and T2D, in order to understand the complex neutrophil phenotype present in this disease and also to focus on the development of new therapies to improve aberrant neutrophil function in diabetes. Existing literature illustrates a dual neutrophil dysfunction in diabetes. Key pathogen handling mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are decreased in diabetes, weakening the immune response to infection. However, pro-inflammatory neutrophil pathways, mainly neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, extracellular ROS generation and pro-inflammatory cytokine generation, are significantly upregulated, causing damage to the host and perpetuating inflammation. Reducing these proinflammatory outputs therapeutically is emerging as a credible strategy to improve infection resolution in diabetes, and also more recently COVID-19. Future research needs to drive forward the exploration of novel treatments to improve infection resolution in T1D and T2D to improve patient morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Dowey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Iqbal
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Heller
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne R. Prince
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Snelson M, de Pasquale C, Ekinci EI, Coughlan MT. Gut microbiome, prebiotics, intestinal permeability and diabetes complications. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101507. [PMID: 33642218 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic condition. The composition of the gut microbiota is altered in diabetes with reduced levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) producers, notably butyrate. Butyrate is associated with a number of beneficial effects including promoting the integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier. Diabetes may lead to an increase in the permeability of the gut barrier, which is thought to contribute to systemic inflammation and worsen the microvascular complications of diabetes. Prebiotics, non-digestible carbohydrates, are fermented by the colonic microbiota leading to the production of a range of metabolites including SCFAs. Thus, prebiotics represent a dietary approach to increase levels of microbially produced SCFAs and improve intestinal permeability in diabetes. Whether prebiotics can lead to a reduction in the risk of developing diabetes complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cassandra de Pasquale
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Australia; Department of Medicine Austin Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Mao CF, Sudirman S, Lee CC, Tsou D, Kong ZL. Echinacea purpurea Ethanol Extract Improves Male Reproductive Dysfunction With Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:651286. [PMID: 33996978 PMCID: PMC8113381 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.651286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As lifestyle changes, the prevalence of diabetes increases every year. Diabetes-induced male reproductive dysfunction is predominantly due to increased oxidative stress and then results in sperm damage and infertility. Echinacea purpurea is a traditional medicinal herb and is well-known for its immune-modulatory, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in innate immune responses leading to nuclear factor (NF)-κB phosphorylation and release of proinflammatory cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. However, the relation between Echinacea purpurea extract and TLR4 remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects on male reproduction of Echinacea purpurea ethanol extract (EPE) against diabetic rats and whether the anti-inflammatory effects were through the TLR4 pathway. Diabetic male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (230 mg/kg). EPE was tested in three doses (93, 279, and 465 mg/kg p.o. daily) for 4 weeks. Besides, metformin administration (100 mg/kg/day) was treated as a positive control. Results indicated that EPE administration for about 4 weeks improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Additionally, EPE increased sperm motility, protected sperm morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as protein for testosterone synthesis enzyme. In sperm superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione antioxidants were increased, whereas proinflammatory cytokines, such as NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α were decreased. The testis protein content of TLR4 and downstream phospho-NF-κB p65 also were reduced. The EPE might reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines via TLR4 pathways and improve diabetes-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Feng Mao
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sabri Sudirman
- Fisheries Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Chi-Chih Lee
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - David Tsou
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Shoily SS, Ahsan T, Fatema K, Sajib AA. Common genetic variants and pathways in diabetes and associated complications and vulnerability of populations with different ethnic origins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7504. [PMID: 33820928 PMCID: PMC8021559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex and heterogeneous metabolic disorder which is often pre- or post-existent with complications such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, inflammation, chronic kidney disease, diabetic retino- and nephropathies. However, the frequencies of these co-morbidities vary among individuals and across populations. It is, therefore, not unlikely that certain genetic variants might commonly contribute to these conditions. Here, we identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs5186, rs1800795, rs1799983 and rs1800629 in AGTR1, IL6, NOS3 and TNFA genes, respectively) to be commonly associated with each of these conditions. We explored their possible interplay in diabetes and associated complications. The variant allele and haplotype frequencies at these polymorphic loci vary among different super-populations (African, European, admixed Americans, South and East Asians). The variant alleles are particularly highly prevalent in different European and admixed American populations. Differential distribution of these variants in different ethnic groups suggests that certain drugs might be more effective in selective populations rather than all. Therefore, population specific genetic architectures should be considered before considering a drug for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Samad Shoily
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tamim Ahsan
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Fatema
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ashfaqur Sajib
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Villard A, Boursier J, Andriantsitohaina R. Microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles and metabolic syndrome. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13600. [PMID: 33319492 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Metabolic syndrome is a major health problem concerning approximately 25% of worldwide population. Metabolic syndrome regroups a cluster of five metabolic abnormalities predisposing to Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Dysbiotic gut microbiota is accompanied by an increase of both intestinal permeability and pathogen-associated molecular patterns translocation into blood circulation to induce metabolic endotoxemia responsible for the low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Among pathogen-associated molecular patterns, bacterial extracellular vesicles are gaining growing attention. The latter are produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and are vectors of communication between gut microbiota and its host The present review brings evidence to the importance of the control of the balance between the different subsets of gut microbiota in the development of metabolic diseases including metabolic syndrome. RESULTS The ability of bacteria, including gut bacteria, to release extracellular vesicles implicated in host metabolic homeostasis is highlighted with their plethora of actions on intestinal barrier, inflammation and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Bacterial extracellular vesicles can be considered as key players in the pathophysiological of metabolic diseases and may represent an interesting strategy for specific manipulations of microbiome for promoting host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Villard
- INSERM UMR1063 Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques Faculté de Santé Université d’AngersUniversité Bretagne Loire Angers France
- Hémodynamique Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH) Angers France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Hémodynamique Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH) Angers France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM UMR1063 Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques Faculté de Santé Université d’AngersUniversité Bretagne Loire Angers France
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Benáková Š, Holendová B, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Redox Homeostasis in Pancreatic β-Cells: From Development to Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040526. [PMID: 33801681 PMCID: PMC8065646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox status is a key determinant in the fate of β-cell. These cells are not primarily detoxifying and thus do not possess extensive antioxidant defense machinery. However, they show a wide range of redox regulating proteins, such as peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins or thioredoxin reductases, etc., being functionally compartmentalized within the cells. They keep fragile redox homeostasis and serve as messengers and amplifiers of redox signaling. β-cells require proper redox signaling already in cell ontogenesis during the development of mature β-cells from their progenitors. We bring details about redox-regulated signaling pathways and transcription factors being essential for proper differentiation and maturation of functional β-cells and their proliferation and insulin expression/maturation. We briefly highlight the targets of redox signaling in the insulin secretory pathway and focus more on possible targets of extracellular redox signaling through secreted thioredoxin1 and thioredoxin reductase1. Tuned redox homeostasis can switch upon chronic pathological insults towards the dysfunction of β-cells and to glucose intolerance. These are characteristics of type 2 diabetes, which is often linked to chronic nutritional overload being nowadays a pandemic feature of lifestyle. Overcharged β-cell metabolism causes pressure on proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum, mainly due to increased demand on insulin synthesis, which establishes unfolded protein response and insulin misfolding along with excessive hydrogen peroxide production. This together with redox dysbalance in cytoplasm and mitochondria due to enhanced nutritional pressure impact β-cell redox homeostasis and establish prooxidative metabolism. This can further affect β-cell communication in pancreatic islets through gap junctions. In parallel, peripheral tissues losing insulin sensitivity and overall impairment of glucose tolerance and gut microbiota establish local proinflammatory signaling and later systemic metainflammation, i.e., low chronic inflammation prooxidative properties, which target β-cells leading to their dedifferentiation, dysfunction and eventually cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpánka Benáková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296-442-285
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Typiak M, Piwkowska A. Antiinflammatory Actions of Klotho: Implications for Therapy of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020956. [PMID: 33478014 PMCID: PMC7835923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho was initially introduced as an antiaging molecule. Klotho deficiency significantly reduces lifespan, and its overexpression extends it and protects against various pathological phenotypes, especially renal disease. It was shown to regulate phosphate and calcium metabolism, protect against oxidative stress, downregulate apoptosis, and have antiinflammatory and antifibrotic properties. The course of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy resembles premature cellular senescence and causes the activation of various proinflammatory and profibrotic processes. Klotho was shown to exert many beneficial effects in these disorders. The expression of Klotho protein is downregulated in early stages of inflammation and diabetic nephropathy by proinflammatory factors. Therefore, its therapeutic effects are diminished in this disorder. Significantly lower urine levels of Klotho may serve as an early biomarker of renal involvement in diabetes mellitus. Recombinant Klotho administration and Klotho overexpression may have immunotherapeutic potential for the treatment of both diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, the current manuscript aims to characterize immunopathologies occurring in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, and tries to match them with antiinflammatory actions of Klotho. It also gives reasons for Klotho to be used in diagnostics and immunotherapy of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Typiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Wathes DC, Cheng Z, Salavati M, Buggiotti L, Takeda H, Tang L, Becker F, Ingvartsen KI, Ferris C, Hostens M, Crowe MA. Relationships between metabolic profiles and gene expression in liver and leukocytes of dairy cows in early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3596-3616. [PMID: 33455774 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homeorhetic mechanisms assist dairy cows in the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Less successful cows develop severe negative energy balance (NEB), placing them at risk of metabolic and infectious diseases and reduced fertility. We have previously placed multiparous Holstein Friesian cows from 4 herds into metabolic clusters, using as biomarkers measurements of plasma nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and IGF-1 collected at 14 and 35 d in milk (DIM). This study characterized the global transcriptomic profiles of liver and circulating leukocytes from the same animals to determine underlying mechanisms associated with their metabolic and immune function. Liver biopsy and whole-blood samples were collected around 14 DIM for RNA sequencing. All cows with available RNA sequencing data were placed into balanced (BAL, n = 44), intermediate (n = 44), or imbalanced (IMBAL, n = 19) metabolic cluster groups. Differential gene expression was compared between the 3 groups using ANOVA, but only the comparison between BAL and IMBAL cows is reported. Pathway analysis was undertaken using DAVID Bioinformatic Resources (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/). Milk yields did not differ between BAL and IMBAL cows but dry matter intake was less in IMBAL cows and they were in greater energy deficit at 14 DIM (-4.48 v -11.70 MJ/d for BAL and IMBAL cows). Significantly differentially expressed pathways in hepatic tissue included AMPK signaling, glucagon signaling, adipocytokine signaling, and insulin resistance. Genes involved in lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport were more highly expressed in IMBAL cows but IGF1 and IGFALS were downregulated. Leukocytes from BAL cows had greater expression of histones and genes involved in nucleosomes and cell division. Leukocyte expression of heat shock proteins increased in IMBAL cows, suggesting an unfolded protein response, and several key genes involved in immune responses to pathogens were upregulated (e.g., DEFB13, HP, OAS1Z, PTX3, and TLR4). Differentially expressed genes upregulated in IMBAL cows in both tissues included CD36, CPT1, KFL11, and PDK4, all central regulators of energy metabolism. The IMBAL cows therefore had greater difficulty maintaining glucose homeostasis and had dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism. Their energy deficit was associated with a reduced capacity for cell division and greater evidence of stress responses in the leukocyte population, likely contributing to an increased risk of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wathes
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Z Cheng
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - M Salavati
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - L Buggiotti
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - H Takeda
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - L Tang
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Becker
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - K I Ingvartsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - C Ferris
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, United Kingdom
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M A Crowe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the serum lipid profile in prediction of diabetic neuropathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:499. [PMID: 33436718 PMCID: PMC7804465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether the lipid profile in diabetic patients is associated with diabetic neuropathy (DN) development remains ambiguous, as does the predictive value of serum lipid levels in the risk of DN. Here, we performed the first meta-analysis designed to investigate the relationship between DN and the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). Candidate studies were comprehensively identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases up to May 2020. Observational methodological meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationships of TG, TC, HDL, and LDL levels with DN. Changes in blood lipids were used to estimate the effect size. The results were pooled using a random-effects or fixed-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. Various outcomes were included, and statistical analyses were performed using STATA (Version 12.0). Mean differences (MDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied to assess the methodological quality. I2 statistics were calculated to evaluate statistical heterogeneity. Funnel plots were utilized to test for publication bias. A sensitivity analysis was performed by omitting each study one by one. Thirty-nine clinical trials containing 32,668 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that DN patients showed higher TG and lower HDL levels (MD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20–0.48 for TG; MD = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.08–-0.02, I2 = 81.3% for HDL) than controls. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) neuropathy had elevated TG levels in their serum (MD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.16–0.35,I2 = 64.4% for T1DM). However, only patients with T1DM neuropathy had reduced serum HDL levels, and there was no significant difference in serum HDL levels between patients with T2DM neuropathy and controls (MD = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.10–-0.03, I2 = 12.4% for T1DM; MD = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.07–0.03, I2 = 80.2% for T2DM). TC and LDL levels were not significantly different between DN patients and controls (MD = -0.03, 95% CI: -0.14–0.09, I2 = 82.9% for TC; MD = -0.00, 95% CI: -0.08–0.08, I2 = 78.9% for LDL). In addition, compared with mild or painless DN patients, those with moderate or severe pain DN pain had significantly reduced serum TC and LDL levels (MD = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.49–-0.13, I2 = 0% for TC; MD = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.32–-0.08, I2 = 0% for LDL). TG levels and HDL levels did not vary considerably between patients with mild or painless DN and those with moderate or severe DN pain patients (MD = 0.12, 95% CI: -0.28–0.51, I2 = 83.2% for TG; MD = -0.07, 95% CI:-0.14–0.01, I2 = 58.8% for HDL). Furthermore, people with higher TG and LDL levels had higher risk of DN (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.20–1.54, I2 = 86.1% for TG and OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02–1.19, I2 = 17.8% for LDL). Conversely, high serum HDL levels reduced the risk of DN (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75–0.96, I2 = 72.6%), while TC levels made no significant difference with the risk of DN (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04, I2 = 84.7%). This meta-analysis indicated that serum lipid profile changes are among the biological characteristics of DN. Lipid levels should be explored as routine laboratory markers for predicting the risk of DN, as they will help clinicians choose appropriate therapies, and thus optimize the use of available resources.
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Biomarkers of cardiometabolic complications in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21507. [PMID: 33299020 PMCID: PMC7726154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) are at higher risk of developing cardiometabolic complications. We aimed at exploring the associations between biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function, endotoxemia and cardiometabolic risk factors. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in 246 cALL survivors (mean age, 22.1 ± 6.3 years; mean time since diagnosis, 15.5 ± 5.2 years) and evaluated the associations using a series of logistic regressions. Using structural equation models, we also tested if the relationship between endotoxemia and cardiometabolic complications was mediated by the latent (unobserved) variable inflammation inferred from the observed biomarkers CRP, TNF-α and IL-6. High leptin-adiponectin ratio was associated with obesity [adjusted OR = 15.7; 95% CI (6.2–39.7)], insulin resistance [20.6 (5.2–82.1)] and the metabolic syndrome [11.2 (2.6–48.7)]. Higher levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were associated with obesity [3.37 (1.6–7.1) and 2.34 (1.3–4.2), respectively] whereas high C-reactive protein levels were associated with insulin resistance [3.3 (1.6–6.8)], dyslipidemia [2.6 (1.4–4.9)] and MetS [6.5 (2.4–17.9)]. Our analyses provided evidence for a directional relationship between lipopolysaccharide binding protein, related to metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation and cardiometabolic outcomes. Identification of biomarkers and biological mechanisms could open new avenues for prevention strategies to minimize the long-term sequelae, improve follow-up and optimize the quality of life of this high-risk population.
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Coussa A, Hasan HA, Barber TM. Effects of in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapies on metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory status in IVF-conceived pregnancy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:705-712. [PMID: 32578220 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a common treatment for infertility. In mice, IVF is associated with development of glucose intolerance. However, human data are limited regarding the metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory effects of IVF therapy in IVF-conceived pregnancies. OBJECTIVE To explore effects of IVF therapies on metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory parameters in IVF-conceived pregnancy. METHODOLOGY Twelve-week prospective observational study of adult normoglycaemic women, BMI 18.5-38 kg/m2 and ≤ 39 years awaiting IVF therapy. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and 12 weeks, and serum analysed for reproductive hormones, glucose, lipids, insulin sensitivity, thyroid status, adiponectin inflammatory marker and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP). RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-five women were analysed: 158 IVF-conceived pregnant women and 117 with failed IVF. Compared with baseline, nonpregnant women had significant (P < .001) increases in 12-week glucose (86.04-87.62 mg/dL), insulin (8.72-9.37 µIU/mL), HOMA-IR (1.9-2.1), T-Chol (169.5-174.9 mg/dL), TG (71.0-83.7 mg/dL) and HDL-C (52.0-54.11 mg/dL) levels. At 12 weeks, pregnant women also had (P < .001) increases in T-Chol (177.5-199.5 mg/dL), TG (73.5-126.78 mg/dL) and HDL-C (55.3-65.1 mg/dL), while a significant reduction in glucose (86.15-82.19 mg/dL), HbA1c (5.3-5.08%) and TSH (1.71-1.36 µIU/mL) levels from baseline. Adiponectin and LBP levels remained the same in either group. CONCLUSION In vitro fertilization hormonal therapy impairs glucose and insulin levels; these effects are masked in early pregnancy. Changes in lipid profile occur following IVF therapies regardless of pregnancy outcome. Neither adiponectin nor LBP is affected by IVF therapies and during early IVF-conceived pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Coussa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (T.M.B.), Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hayder A Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (T.M.B.), Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Bagheri F, Amri J, Salehi M, Karami H, Alimoradian A, Latifi SA. Effect of Artemisia absinthium ethanolic extract on oxidative stress markers and the TLR4, S100A4, Bax and Bcl-2 genes expression in the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2020; 41:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2020-0028/hmbci-2020-0028.xml. [PMID: 33079704 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to examine antidiabetic effects of Artemisia absinthium ethanolic extract [A. absinthium] and to investigate its effects on oxidative stress markers and the expression of TLR4, S100A4, Bax and Bcl-2 genes in the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Thirty six rats (weight 200-250 g) were randomly divided into diabetes and control groups. Induction of diabetes was performed using STZ (55 mg/kg.bw). Biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers (SOD and MDA) were measured using spectrophotometry after 60 days of treatment. The expression of TLR4, S100A4, Bax and Bcl-2 were analyzed by real-time PCR. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the data. RESULTS Diabetes significantly impairs the serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, urea, creatinine and albumin. At the end of treatment with A. absinthium extract, these parameters were close to the normal range. The results showed that the A. absinthium extract significantly decreased the kidney expression of TLR4, S100A4, Bax and increased the expression of Bcl-2 and improved oxidative stress markers (SOD and MDA) in the kidney tissues of treated rats. Also, all of these beneficial effects of the A. absinthium were dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS The extract of A. absinthium possesses antidiabetic effects. A. absinthium decreased the expression of TLR4, S100A4, Bax and increased the expression of Bcl-2 and improved oxidative stress. Therefore, this herbal extract can be used as an adjuvant treatment for diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bagheri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Jamal Amri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Member of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehdi Salehi
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hadi Karami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abbas Alimoradian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seied Amirhossein Latifi
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran
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