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Burda P, Hlavackova A, Polivkova V, Curik N, Laznicka A, Krizkova J, Suttnar J, Klener P, Polakova KM. Imatinib therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia significantly reduces carnitine cell intake, resulting in adverse events. Mol Metab 2024; 88:102016. [PMID: 39182842 PMCID: PMC11403060 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A prominent, safe and efficient therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is inhibiting oncogenic protein BCR::ABL1 in a targeted manner with imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. A substantial part of patients treated with imatinib report skeletomuscular adverse events affecting their quality of life. OCTN2 membrane transporter is involved in imatinib transportation into the cells. At the same time, the crucial physiological role of OCTN2 is cellular uptake of carnitine which is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. This work investigates the impact of imatinib treatment on carnitine intake and energy metabolism of muscle cells. METHODS HTB-153 (human rhabdomyosarcoma) cell line and KCL-22 (CML cell line) were used to study the impact of imatinib treatment on intracellular levels of carnitine and vice versa. The energy metabolism changes in cells treated by imatinib were quantified and compared to changes in cells exposed to highly specific OCTN2 inhibitor vinorelbine. Mouse models were used to test whether in vitro observations are also achieved in vivo in thigh muscle tissue. The analytes of interest were quantified using a Prominence HPLC system coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer. RESULTS This work showed that through the carnitine-specific transporter OCTN2, imatinib and carnitine intake competed unequally and intracellular carnitine concentrations were significantly reduced. In contrast, carnitine preincubation did not influence imatinib cell intake or interfere with leukemia cell targeting. Blocking the intracellular supply of carnitine with imatinib significantly reduced the production of most Krebs cycle metabolites and ATP. However, subsequent carnitine supplementation rescued mitochondrial energy production. Due to specific inhibition of OCTN2 activity, the influx of carnitine was blocked and mitochondrial energy metabolism was impaired in muscle cells in vitro and in thigh muscle tissue in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS This preclinical experimental study revealed detrimental effect of imatinib on carnitine-mediated energy metabolism of muscle cells providing a possible molecular background of the frequently occurred side effects during imatinib therapy such as fatigue, muscle pain and cramps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Burda
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vendula Polivkova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Curik
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Laznicka
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Krizkova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Suttnar
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; First Medical Department- Dept. of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Machova Polakova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Zhong F, Yao F, Xu S, Zhang J, Liu J, Wang X. Identification and validation of hub genes and molecular classifications associated with chronic myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1297886. [PMID: 38283355 PMCID: PMC10811081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a kind of malignant blood tumor, which is prone to drug resistance and relapse. This study aimed to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for CML. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by differential analysis of the CML cohort in the GEO database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify CML-related co-expressed genes. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to screen hub genes and construct a risk score model based on hub genes. Consensus clustering algorithm was used for the identification of molecular subtypes. Clinical samples and in vitro experiments were used to verify the expression and biological function of hub genes. Results A total of 378 DEGs were identified by differential analysis. 369 CML-related genes were identified by WGCNA analysis, which were mainly enriched in metabolism-related signaling pathways. In addition, CML-related genes are mainly involved in immune regulation and anti-tumor immunity, suggesting that CML has some immunodeficiency. Immune infiltration analysis confirmed the reduced infiltration of immune killer cells such as CD8+ T cells in CML samples. 6 hub genes (LINC01268, NME8, DMXL2, CXXC5, SCD and FBN1) were identified by LASSO regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed the high diagnostic value of the hub genes in the analysis and validation cohorts, and the risk score model further improved the diagnostic accuracy. hub genes were also associated with cell proliferation, cycle, and metabolic pathway activity. Two molecular subtypes, Cluster A and Cluster B, were identified based on hub gene expression. Cluster B has a lower risk score, higher levels of CD8+ T cell and activated dendritic cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint expression, and is more sensitive to commonly used tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Finally, our clinical samples validated the expression and diagnostic efficacy of hub genes, and the knockdown of LINC01268 inhibited the proliferation of CML cells, and promoted apoptosis. Conclusion Through WGCNA analysis and LASSO regression analysis, our study provides a new target for CML diagnosis and treatment, and provides a basis for further CML research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Shahraki S, Bahraini F, Mesbahzadeh B, Sayadi M, Sajjadi SM. Glucose increases proliferation and chemoresistance in chronic myeloid leukemia via decreasing antioxidant Properties of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the presence of Iron. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10315-10324. [PMID: 37971569 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a strong association between hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and the onset and progression of diabetes which causes a higher risk of cancer. This study investigated, the effect of concomitant use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) with iron supplements in hyper-glucose conditions on the K-562 cell line. METHODS The effects of iron, ω-3 PUFAs, and a combination of both on K-562 cells were investigated under normal and high glucose conditions. The impact of these treatments was evaluated using multiple methodologies, including the MTT assay for cell viability, quantification of oxidative stress markers [total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA)], and analysis of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the expression levels of TNFα and p53 mRNA were measured using Real-time PCR. RESULTS The co-treatment of ω-3 PUFAs and iron in the presence of high glucose had notable effects, as evidenced by an increase in cell survival, resistance to imatinib chemotherapy, TNFαmRNA expression levels, MDA levels, and percentage of cells in the G2/S phase. Additionally, there was a decrease in the mRNA expression of p53 and TAC levels compared to treatment in the normal-glucose condition. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemic conditions in conjunction with the combined treatment of theω-3 PUFAs and iron, led to reduced anticancer capacity, chemosensitivity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the K-562 cells. These effects were found to be mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Shahraki
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bahraini
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Behzad Mesbahzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sayadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Gayatri MB, Kancha RK, Patchva D, Velugonda N, Gundeti S, Reddy ABM. Metformin exerts antileukemic effects by modulating lactate metabolism and overcomes imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia. FEBS J 2023; 290:4480-4495. [PMID: 37171230 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib is the frontline treatment option in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Hitherto, some patients relapse following treatment. Biochemical analysis of a panel of clonally derived imatinib-resistant cells revealed enhanced glucose uptake and ATP production, suggesting increased rates of glycolysis. Interestingly, increased lactate export was also observed in imatinib-resistant cell lines. Here, we show that metformin inhibits the growth of imatinib-resistant cell lines as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients who relapsed following imatinib treatment. Metformin exerted these antiproliferative effects by inhibiting MCT1 and MCT4, leading to the inhibition of lactate export. Furthermore, glucose uptake and ATP production were also inhibited following metformin treatment due to the inhibition of GLUT1 and HK-II in an AMPK-dependent manner. Our results also confirmed that metformin-mediated inhibition of lactate export and glucose uptake occurs through the regulation of mTORC1 and HIF-1α. These results delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming leading to secondary imatinib resistance and the potential of metformin as a therapeutic option in CML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Metformin/therapeutic use
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Glucose/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate
- Apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rama Krishna Kancha
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory, CPMB, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dorababu Patchva
- Department of Pharmacology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagaraj Velugonda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sadashivudu Gundeti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aramati B M Reddy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
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Arévalo CM, Cruz-Rodriguez N, Quijano S, Fiorentino S. Plant-derived extracts and metabolic modulation in leukemia: a promising approach to overcome treatment resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1229760. [PMID: 37520325 PMCID: PMC10382028 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1229760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemic cells acquire complex and often multifactorial mechanisms of resistance to treatment, including various metabolic alterations. Although the use of metabolic modulators has been proposed for several decades, their use in clinical practice has not been established. Natural products, the so-called botanical drugs, are capable of regulating tumor metabolism, particularly in hematopoietic tumors, which could partly explain the biological activity attributed to them for a long time. This review addresses the most recent findings relating to metabolic reprogramming-Mainly in the glycolytic pathway and mitochondrial activity-Of leukemic cells and its role in the generation of resistance to conventional treatments, the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and the evasion of immune response. In turn, it describes how the modulation of metabolism by plant-derived extracts can counteract resistance to chemotherapy in this tumor model and contribute to the activation of the antitumor immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Mayerli Arévalo
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sandra Quijano
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Deregowska A, Lewinska A, Warzybok A, Stoklosa T, Wnuk M. Telomere loss is accompanied by decreased pool of shelterin proteins TRF2 and RAP1, elevated levels of TERRA and enhanced glycolysis in imatinib-resistant CML cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 90:105608. [PMID: 37149272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length may be maintained by telomerase nucleoprotein complex and shelterin complex, namely TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, TPP1, POT1 and RAP1 proteins and modulated by TERRA expression. Telomere loss is observed during progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) from the chronic phase (CML-CP) to the blastic phase (CML-BP). The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib (IM), has changed outcome for majority of patients, however, a number of patients treated with TKIs may develop drug resistance. The molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood and require further investigation. In the present study, we demonstrate that IM-resistant BCR::ABL1 gene-positive CML K-562 and MEG-A2 cells are characterized by decreased telomere length, lowered protein levels of TRF2 and RAP1 and increased expression of TERRA in comparison to corresponding IM-sensitive CML cells and BCR::ABL1 gene-negative HL-60 cells. Furthermore, enhanced activity of glycolytic pathway was observed in IM-resistant CML cells. A negative correlation between a telomere length and advanced glycation end products (AGE) was also revealed in CD34+ cells isolated from CML patients. In conclusion, we suggest that affected expression of shelterin complex proteins, namely TRF2 and RAP1, TERRA levels, and glucose consumption rate may promote telomere dysfunction in IM-resistant CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Deregowska
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, Rzeszow 35-310, Poland; Department of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 7, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, Rzeszow 35-310, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Warzybok
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, Rzeszow 35-310, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 7, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, Rzeszow 35-310, Poland.
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Feng L, Ding R, Qu X, Li Y, Shen T, Wang L, Li R, Zhang J, Ru Y, Bu X, Wang Y, Li M, Song W, Shen L, Zhang P. BCR-ABL triggers a glucose-dependent survival program during leukemogenesis through the suppression of TXNIP. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:287. [PMID: 37095099 PMCID: PMC10125982 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib is highly effective in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but the primary and acquired imatinib resistance remains the big hurdle. Molecular mechanisms for CML resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, beyond point mutations in BCR-ABL kinase domain, still need to be addressed. Here, we demonstrated that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a novel BCR-ABL target gene. Suppression of TXNIP was responsible for BCR-ABL triggered glucose metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial homeostasis. Mechanistically, Miz-1/P300 complex transactivates TXNIP through the recognition of TXNIP core promoter region, responding to the c-Myc suppression by either imatinib or BCR-ABL knockdown. TXNIP restoration sensitizes CML cells to imatinib treatment and compromises imatinib resistant CML cell survival, predominantly through the blockage of both glycolysis and glucose oxidation which results in the mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP production. In particular, TXNIP suppresses expressions of the key glycolytic enzyme, hexokinase 2 (HK2), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), potentially through Fbw7-dependent c-Myc degradation. In accordance, BCR-ABL suppression of TXNIP provided a novel survival pathway for the transformation of mouse bone marrow cells. Knockout of TXNIP accelerated BCR-ABL transformation, whereas TXNIP overexpression suppressed this transformation. Combination of drug inducing TXNIP expression with imatinib synergistically kills CML cells from patients and further extends the survival of CML mice. Thus, the activation of TXNIP represents an effective strategy for CML treatment to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Ruxin Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Qu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuanchun Li
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Xi'an Beihuan Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruikai Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Ru
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tongchuan People's Hospital, Tongchuan, China
| | - Min Li
- Xi'an Eastern Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenqi Song
- Jiamusi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Pengxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
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Zhong FM, Yao FY, Yang YL, Liu J, Li MY, Jiang JY, Zhang N, Xu YM, Li SQ, Cheng Y, Xu S, Huang B, Wang XZ. Molecular subtypes predict therapeutic responses and identifying and validating diagnostic signatures based on machine learning in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:61. [PMID: 37024911 PMCID: PMC10080819 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological tumor derived from hematopoietic stem cells. The aim of this study is to analyze the biological characteristics and identify the diagnostic markers of CML. We obtained the expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and identified 210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CML and normal samples. These DEGs are mainly enriched in immune-related pathways such as Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, primary immunodeficiency, T cell receptor signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation pathways. Based on these DEGs, we identified two molecular subtypes using a consensus clustering algorithm. Cluster A was an immunosuppressive phenotype with reduced immune cell infiltration and significant activation of metabolism-related pathways such as reactive oxygen species, glycolysis and mTORC1; Cluster B was an immune activating phenotype with increased infiltration of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and NK cells, and increased activation of signaling pathways such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) response, IL6-JAK-STAT3 and inflammatory response. Drug prediction results showed that patients in Cluster B had a higher therapeutic response to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 and were more sensitive to imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib. Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms identified 4 CML diagnostic genes (HDC, SMPDL3A, IRF4 and AQP3), and the risk score model constructed by these genes improved the diagnostic accuracy. We further validated the diagnostic value of the 4 genes and the risk score model in a clinical cohort, and the risk score can be used in the differential diagnosis of CML and other hematological malignancies. The risk score can also be used to identify molecular subtypes and predict response to imatinib treatment. These results reveal the characteristics of immunosuppression and metabolic reprogramming in CML patients, and the identification of molecular subtypes and biomarkers provides new ideas and insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Min Zhong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Fang-Yi Yao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Yu-Lin Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Mei-Yong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Jun-Yao Jiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Yan-Mei Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Shu-Qi Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China.
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China.
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Metabolomic and transcriptomic response to imatinib treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumour in xenograft-bearing mice. Transl Oncol 2023; 30:101632. [PMID: 36774883 PMCID: PMC9945753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although imatinib is a well-established first-line drug for treating a vast majority of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), GISTs acquire secondary resistance during therapy. Multi-omics approaches provide an integrated perspective to empower the development of personalised therapies through a better understanding of functional biology underlying the disease and molecular-driven selection of the best-targeted individualised therapy. In this study, we applied integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to elucidate tumour biochemical processes affected by imatinib treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A GIST xenograft mouse model was used in the study, including 10 mice treated with imatinib and 10 non-treated controls. Metabolites in tumour extracts were analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RNA sequencing was also performed on the samples subset (n=6). RESULTS Metabolomic analysis revealed 21 differentiating metabolites, whereas next-generation RNA sequencing data analysis resulted in 531 differentially expressed genes. Imatinib significantly changed the profile of metabolites associated mainly with purine and pyrimidine metabolism, butanoate metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. The related changes in transcriptomic profiles included genes involved in kinase activity and immune responses, as well as supported its impact on the purine biosynthesis pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-omics study confirmed previously known pathways involved in imatinib anticancer activity as well as correlated imatinib-relevant downregulation of expression of purine biosynthesis pathway genes with the reduction of respectful metabolites. Furthermore, considering the importance of the purine biosynthesis pathway for cancer proliferation, we identified a potentially novel mechanism for the anti-tumour activity of imatinib. Based on the results, we hypothesise metabolic modulations aiming at the reduction in purine and pyrimidine pool may ensure higher imatinib efficacy or re-sensitise imatinib-resistant tumours.
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Singh P, Yadav R, Verma M, Chhabra R. Antileukemic Activity of hsa-miR-203a-5p by Limiting Glutathione Metabolism in Imatinib-Resistant K562 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6428-6438. [PMID: 36547099 PMCID: PMC9777165 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib has been the first and most successful tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but many patients develop resistance to it after a satisfactory response. Glutathione (GSH) metabolism is thought to be one of the factors causing the emergence of imatinib resistance. Since hsa-miR-203a-5p was found to downregulate Bcr-Abl1 oncogene and also a link between this oncogene and GSH metabolism is reported, the present study aimed to investigate whether hsa-miR-203a-5p could overcome imatinib resistance by targeting GSH metabolism in imatinib-resistant CML cells. After the development of imatinib-resistant K562 (IR-K562) cells by gradually exposing K562 (C) cells to increasing doses of imatinib, resistant cells were transfected with hsa-miR-203a-5p (R+203). Thereafter, cell lysates from various K562 cell sets (imatinib-sensitive, imatinib-resistant, and miR-transfected imatinib-resistant K562 cells) were used for GC-MS-based metabolic profiling. L-alanine, 5-oxoproline (also known as pyroglutamic acid), L-glutamic acid, glycine, and phosphoric acid (Pi)-five metabolites from our data, matched with the enumerated 28 metabolites of the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 for the GSH metabolism. All of these metabolites were present in higher concentrations in IR-K562 cells, but intriguingly, they were all reduced in R+203 and equated to imatinib-sensitive K562 cells (C). Concludingly, the identified metabolites associated with GSH metabolism could be used as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda 151401, India
| | - Radheshyam Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda 151401, India
| | - Malkhey Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda 151401, India
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Correspondence: or (M.V.); or (R.C.); Tel.: +91-7589489833 (M.V.); +91-9478723446 (R.C.)
| | - Ravindresh Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda 151401, India
- Correspondence: or (M.V.); or (R.C.); Tel.: +91-7589489833 (M.V.); +91-9478723446 (R.C.)
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11
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Li C, Wen L, Dong J, Li L, Huang J, Yang J, Liang T, Li T, Xia Z, Chen C. Alterations in cellular metabolisms after TKI therapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia in children: A review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1072806. [PMID: 36561525 PMCID: PMC9766352 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1072806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence rates of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are lower but more aggressive in children than in adults due to different biological and host factors. After the clinical application of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) blocking BCR/ABL kinase activity, the prognosis of children with CML and Ph+ ALL has improved dramatically. Yet, off-target effects and drug tolerance will occur during the TKI treatments, contributing to treatment failure. In addition, compared to adults, children may need a longer course of TKIs therapy, causing detrimental effects on growth and development. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that drug resistance and side effects during TKI treatment may result from the cellular metabolism alterations. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the current knowledge on alterations in metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and other metabolic processes. In order to obtain better TKI treatment outcomes and avoid side effects, it is essential to understand how the TKIs affect cellular metabolism. Hence, we also discuss the relevance of cellular metabolism in TKIs therapy to provide ideas for better use of TKIs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmou Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Luping Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lindi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Chun Chen,
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12
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Patel SB, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Welner RS. Deciphering Metabolic Adaptability of Leukemic Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846149. [PMID: 35756656 PMCID: PMC9213881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of leukemic stem cells is widely studied to control leukemia. An emerging approach gaining popularity is altering metabolism as a potential therapeutic opportunity. Studies have been carried out on hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells to identify vulnerable pathways without impacting the non-transformed, healthy counterparts. While many metabolic studies have been conducted using stem cells, most have been carried out in vitro or on a larger population of progenitor cells due to challenges imposed by the low frequency of stem cells found in vivo. This creates artifacts in the studies carried out, making it difficult to interpret and correlate the findings to stem cells directly. This review discusses the metabolic difference seen between hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic stem cells across different leukemic models. Moreover, we also shed light on the advancements of metabolic techniques and current limitations and areas for additional research of the field to study stem cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta B Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Divison of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert S Welner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at, Birmingham, AL, United States
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13
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Kumar V, Singh P, Gupta SK, Ali V, Jyotirmayee, Verma M. Alterations in cellular metabolisms after Imatinib therapy: a review. Med Oncol 2022; 39:95. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Trident cold atmospheric plasma blocks three cancer survival pathways to overcome therapy resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107220118. [PMID: 34916286 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107220118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance is responsible for most cancer-related death and is mediated by the unique ability of cancer cells to leverage metabolic conditions, signaling molecules, redox status, and other pathways for their survival. Interestingly, many cancer survival pathways are susceptible to disturbances in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may therefore be disrupted by exogenous ROS. Here, we explore whether trident cold atmospheric plasma (Tri-CAP), a gas discharge with exceptionally low-level ROS, could inhibit multiple cancer survival pathways together in a murine cell line model of therapy-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We show that Tri-CAP simultaneously disrupts three cancer survival pathways of redox deregulation, glycolysis, and proliferative AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling in this cancer model. Significantly, Tri-CAP blockade induces a very high rate of apoptotic death in CML cell lines and in primary CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from CML patients, both harboring the therapy-resistant T315I mutation. In contrast, nonmalignant controls are minimally affected by Tri-CAP, suggesting it selectively targets resistant cancer cells. We further demonstrate that Tri-CAP elicits similar lethality in human melanoma, breast cancer, and CML cells with disparate, resistant mechanisms and that it both reduces tumor formation in two mouse models and improves survival of tumor-bearing mice. For use in patients, administration of Tri-CAP may be extracorporeal for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy, transdermal, or through its activated solution for infusion therapy. Collectively, our results suggest that Tri-CAP represents a potent strategy for disrupting cancer survival pathways and overcoming therapy resistance in a variety of malignancies.
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15
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Soltani M, Zhao Y, Xia Z, Ganjalikhani Hakemi M, Bazhin AV. The Importance of Cellular Metabolic Pathways in Pathogenesis and Selective Treatments of Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:767026. [PMID: 34868994 PMCID: PMC8636012 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.767026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and the emergence of newer and more sophisticated therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy, long-term overall survival remains unsatisfactory. Metabolic alteration, as an important hallmark of cancer cells, not only contributes to the malignant transformation of cells, but also promotes tumor progression and metastasis. As an immune-escape mechanism, the metabolic adaptation of the bone marrow microenvironment and leukemic cells is a major player in the suppression of anti-leukemia immune responses. Therefore, metabolic rewiring in leukemia would provide promising opportunities for newer therapeutic interventions. Several therapeutic agents which affect essential bioenergetic pathways in cancer cells including glycolysis, β-oxidation of fatty acids and Krebs cycle, or anabolic pathways such as lipid biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathway, are being tested in various types of cancers. So far, numerous preclinical or clinical trial studies using such metabolic agents alone or in combination with other remedies such as immunotherapy are in progress and have demonstrated promising outcomes. In this review, we aim to argue the importance of metabolic alterations and bioenergetic pathways in different types of leukemia and their vital roles in disease development. Designing treatments based on targeting leukemic cells vulnerabilities, particularly in nonresponsive leukemia patients, should be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Soltani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
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16
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Shima T, Taniguchi K, Tokumaru Y, Inomata Y, Arima J, Lee SW, Takabe K, Yoshida K, Uchiyama K. Glucose transporter‑1 inhibition overcomes imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:7. [PMID: 34738628 PMCID: PMC8600406 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (imatinib) is the primary agent of choice used to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). However, drug resistance to imatinib poses a major obstacle to treatment efficacy. In addition, the relationship between imatinib resistance and glycolysis is poorly understood. Glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 is a key component of glycolysis. The present study aimed to assess the potential relationship between components in the glycolytic pathway and the acquisition of imatinib resistance by GIST cells, with particular focus on GLUT-1. An imatinib-resistant GIST cell line was established through the gradual and continuous imatinib treatment of the parental human GIST cell line GIST-T1. The expression of glycolysis-related molecules (GLUT-1, hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2 and lactate dehydrogenase) was assessed in parental and imatinib-resistant cells by western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and glucose and lactate measurement kits. In addition, clinical information and transcriptomic data obtained from the gene expression omnibus database (GSE15966) were used to confirm the in vitro results. The potential effects of GLUT-1 inhibition on the expression of proteins in the glycolysis (GLUT-1, hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2 and lactate dehydrogenase) and apoptosis pathways (Bcl-2, cleaved PARP, caspase-3 and caspase-9) in imatinib-resistant cells were then investigated following gene silencing and treatment using the GLUT-1 inhibitor WZB117 by western blotting. For gene silencing, the mature siRNAs for SLC2A1 were used for cell transfection. Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining followed by flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis whereas three-dimensional culture experiments were used to create three-dimensional spheroid cells where cell viability and spheroid diameter were measured. Although imatinib treatment downregulated GLUT-1 expression and other glycolysis pathway components hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, and lactate dehydrogenase in parental GIST-T1 cells even at low concentrations. By contrast, expression of these glycolysis pathway components in imatinib-resistant cells were increased by imatinib treatment. WZB117 administration significantly downregulated AKT phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression in imatinib-resistant cells, whereas the combined administration of imatinib and WZB117 conferred synergistic growth inhibition effects in apoptosis assay. WZB117 was found to exert additional inhibitory effects by inducing apoptosis in imatinib-resistant cells. Therefore, the present study suggests that GLUT-1 is involved in the acquisition of imatinib resistance by GIST cells, which can be overcome by combined treatment with WZB117 and imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Shima
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Yosuke Inomata
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan
| | - Jun Arima
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan
| | - Sang-Woong Lee
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501‑1194, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Uchiyama
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan
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17
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Xu X, Yin S, Ren Y, Hu C, Zhang A, Lin Y. Proteomics analysis reveals the correlation of programmed ROS-autophagy loop and dysregulated G1/S checkpoint with imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Proteomics 2021; 22:e2100094. [PMID: 34564948 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including imatinib, have greatly improved clinical treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), drug resistance remains a major obstacle. Studies on the mechanisms underlying imatinib resistance and other alternative drugs are urgently needed. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was applied to investigate the differences in proteomics and phosphoproteomics between K562 and K562/G (imatinib resistant K562). Multiple bioinformatics analyses were performed to unveil the differential signal pathways. CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle, and cell apoptosis. Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to observe the changes of ROS and autophagy associated with imatinib resistance in CML. Our results indicated that ROS-autophagy formed one negative feedback loop and was associated with imatinib resistance. Additionally, the limited-rate enzymes of serine synthesis pathway were escalated in K562/G, which could contribute to the increased cyclin-dependent kinases and cell proliferation index. According to phosphoproteomics data, K562/G cells exhibited abnormal phosphorylation of splicing signals. These results revealed that it could be one useful strategy to correct metabolism shift and oxidative stress, or moderately regulate autophagy. Future research should focus on the discovery of potential targets in ROS-autophagy loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucai Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingli Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Lin
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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18
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Metabolic alterations mediated by STAT3 promotes drug persistence in CML. Leukemia 2021; 35:3371-3382. [PMID: 34120146 PMCID: PMC8632690 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) can acquire non-mutational resistance following drug treatment leading to therapeutic failure and relapse. However, oncogene-independent mechanisms of drug persistence in LSCs are incompletely understood, which is the primary focus of this study. We integrated proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to determine the contribution of STAT3 in promoting metabolic changes in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) persistent chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Proteomic and transcriptional differences in TKI persistent CML cells revealed BCR-ABL-independent STAT3 activation in these cells. While knockout of STAT3 inhibited the CML cells from developing drug-persistence, inhibition of STAT3 using a small molecule inhibitor sensitized the persistent CML cells to TKI treatment. Interestingly, given the role of phosphorylated STAT3 as a transcription factor, it localized uniquely to genes regulating metabolic pathways in the TKI-persistent CML stem and progenitor cells. Subsequently, we observed that STAT3 dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism forcing the TKI-persistent CML cells to depend on glycolysis, unlike TKI-sensitive CML cells, which are more reliant on oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, targeting pyruvate kinase M2, a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme, specifically eradicated the TKI-persistent CML cells. By exploring the role of STAT3 in altering metabolism, we provide critical insight into identifying potential therapeutic targets for eliminating TKI-persistent LSCs.
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19
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Kotowski K, Rosik J, Machaj F, Supplitt S, Wiczew D, Jabłońska K, Wiechec E, Ghavami S, Dzięgiel P. Role of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 in Cancer: Genetic Basis, Impact on Disease Development/Progression, and Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:909. [PMID: 33671514 PMCID: PMC7926708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is a crucial metabolic process in rapidly proliferating cells such as cancer cells. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) is a key rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis. Its efficiency is allosterically regulated by numerous substances occurring in the cytoplasm. However, the most potent regulator of PFK-1 is fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP), the level of which is strongly associated with 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase activity (PFK-2/FBPase-2, PFKFB). PFK-2/FBPase-2 is a bifunctional enzyme responsible for F-2,6-BP synthesis and degradation. Four isozymes of PFKFB (PFKFB1, PFKFB2, PFKFB3, and PFKFB4) have been identified. Alterations in the levels of all PFK-2/FBPase-2 isozymes have been reported in different diseases. However, most recent studies have focused on an increased expression of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 in cancer tissues and their role in carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on all PFKFB genes and protein structures, and emphasize important differences between the isoenzymes, which likely affect their kinase/phosphatase activities. The main focus is on the latest reports in this field of cancer research, and in particular the impact of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 on tumor progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. We also present the most recent achievements in the development of new drugs targeting these isozymes. Finally, we discuss potential combination therapies using PFKFB3 inhibitors, which may represent important future cancer treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kotowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (J.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (J.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Stanisław Supplitt
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Daniel Wiczew
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Laboratoire de physique et chimie théoriques, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Karolina Jabłońska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, Region Östergötland, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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20
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Decitabine Downregulates TIGAR to Induce Apoptosis and Autophagy in Myeloid Leukemia Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8877460. [PMID: 33532040 PMCID: PMC7836025 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8877460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decitabine (DAC) is a well-known DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, which has been widely used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, in addition to hypomethylation, DAC in AML is also involved in cell metabolism, apoptosis, and immunity. The TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) functions to inhabit glycolysis and protect cancer cells from reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) associated apoptosis. Our previous study revealed that TIGAR is highly expressed in myeloid leukemia cell lines and AML primary cells and associated with poor prognosis in adult patients with cytogenetically normal AML. In the present study, it was found that in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, DAC downregulates the TIGAR expression, induces ROS production, and promotes apoptosis in HL-60 and K562 cells. However, blocking the glycolytic pathway partially reversed the combined effects of DAC and TIGAR knockdown on apoptosis, ROS production, and cell cycle arrest, indicating that DAC induced apoptosis through the glycolytic pathway. Furthermore, TIGAR also has a negative impact on autophagy, while DAC treatment upregulates autophagy-related proteins LC3, Beclin-1, ATG3, and ATG-5, downregulates p62, and promotes the formation of autophagosomes, indicating that DAC may activate autophagy by downregulating TIGAR. Taken together, DAC plays an unmethylated role in inducing apoptosis and activating autophagy in myeloid leukemia by downregulating TIGAR.
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21
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Boros LG, Somlyai I, Kovács BZ, Puskás LG, Nagy LI, Dux L, Farkas G, Somlyai G. Deuterium Depletion Inhibits Cell Proliferation, RNA and Nuclear Membrane Turnover to Enhance Survival in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Control 2021; 28:1073274821999655. [PMID: 33760674 PMCID: PMC8204545 DOI: 10.1177/1073274821999655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of deuterium-depleted water (DDW) containing deuterium (D) at a concentration of 25 parts per million (ppm), 50 ppm, 105 ppm and the control at 150 ppm were monitored in MIA-PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells by the real-time cell impedance detection xCELLigence method. The data revealed that lower deuterium concentrations corresponded to lower MiA PaCa-2 growth rate. Nuclear membrane turnover and nucleic acid synthesis rate at different D-concentrations were determined by targeted [1,2-13C2]-D-glucose fate associations. The data showed severely decreased oxidative pentose cycling, RNA ribose 13C labeling from [1,2-13C2]-D-glucose and nuclear membrane lignoceric (C24:0) acid turnover. Here, we treated advanced pancreatic cancer patients with DDW as an extra-mitochondrial deuterium-depleting strategy and evaluated overall patient survival. Eighty-six (36 male and 50 female) pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients were treated with conventional chemotherapy and natural water (control, 30 patients) or 85 ppm DDW (56 patients), which was gradually decreased to preparations with 65 ppm and 45 ppm deuterium content for each 1 to 3 months treatment period. Patient survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Pearson correlation was taken between medial survival time (MST) and DDW treatment in pancreatic cancer patients. The MST for patients consuming DDW treatment (n = 56) was 19.6 months in comparison with the 6.36 months' MST achieved with chemotherapy alone (n = 30). There was a strong, statistically significant Pearson correlation (r = 0.504, p < 0.001) between survival time and length and frequency of DDW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- László G. Boros
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA, USA
- SIDMAP, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ildikó Somlyai
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Zs. Kovács
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - László Dux
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Farkas
- Department of Surgery, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Somlyai
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Budapest, Hungary
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Functional Metabolomics and Chemoproteomics Approaches Reveal Novel Metabolic Targets for Anticancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1280:131-147. [PMID: 33791979 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51652-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit different metabolic patterns compared to their normal counterparts. Although the reprogrammed metabolism has been indicated as strong biomarkers of cancer initiation and progression, increasing evidences suggest that metabolic alteration tuned by oncogenic drivers contributes to the occurrence and development of cancers rather than just being a hallmark of cancer. With this notion, targeting cancer metabolism holds promise as a novel anticancer strategy and is embracing its renaissance during the past two decades. Herein we have summarized the most recent developments in omics technology, including both metabolomics and proteomics, and how the combined use of these analytical tools significantly impacts this field by comprehensively and systematically recording the metabolic changes in cancer and hence reveals potential therapeutic targets that function by modulating the disrupted metabolic pathways.
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Chemoresistant Cancer Cells and the Potential Significance of Metabolic Regulation in the Reversal of Cancer Chemoresistance. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10070289. [PMID: 32708822 PMCID: PMC7408410 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of tumors. Alterations of cellular metabolism not only contribute to tumor development, but also mediate the resistance of tumor cells to antitumor drugs. The metabolic response of tumor cells to various chemotherapy drugs can be analyzed by metabolomics. Although cancer cells have experienced metabolic reprogramming, the metabolism of drug resistant cancer cells has been further modified. Metabolic adaptations of drug resistant cells to chemotherapeutics involve redox, lipid metabolism, bioenergetics, glycolysis, polyamine synthesis and so on. The proposed metabolic mechanisms of drug resistance include the increase of glucose and glutamine demand, active pathways of glutaminolysis and glycolysis, promotion of NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway, adaptive mitochondrial reprogramming, activation of fatty acid oxidation, and up-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase for polyamine production. Several genes are associated with metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance. Intervening regulatory points described above or targeting key genes in several important metabolic pathways may restore cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. This paper reviews the metabolic changes of tumor cells during the development of chemoresistance and discusses the potential of reversing chemoresistance by metabolic regulation.
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mTOR Regulation of Metabolism in Hematologic Malignancies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020404. [PMID: 32053876 PMCID: PMC7072383 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells rewire their metabolism, acquiring a selective advantage over normal cells and a protection from therapeutic agents. The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a variety of cellular activities, including the control of metabolic processes. mTOR is hyperactivated in a large number of tumor types, and among them, in many hematologic malignancies. In this article, we summarized the evidence from the literature that describes a central role for mTOR in the acquisition of new metabolic phenotypes for different hematologic malignancies, in concert with other metabolic modulators (AMPK, HIF1α) and microenvironmental stimuli, and shows how these features can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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25
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Lyn regulates creatine uptake in an imatinib-resistant CML cell line. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129507. [PMID: 31881245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib mesylate (imatinib) is the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) due to its remarkable hematologic and cytogenetic responses. We previously demonstrated that the imatinib-resistant CML cells (Myl-R) contained elevated Lyn activity and intracellular creatine pools compared to imatinib-sensitive Myl cells. METHODS Stable isotope metabolic labeling, media creatine depletion, and Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor experiments were performed to investigate the origin of creatine pools in Myl-R cells. Inhibition and shRNA knockdown were performed to investigate the specific role of Lyn in regulating the Na+/K+-ATPase and creatine uptake. RESULTS Inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump (ouabain, digitoxin), depletion of extracellular creatine or inhibition of Lyn kinase (ponatinib, dasatinib), demonstrated that enhanced creatine accumulation in Myl-R cells was dependent on uptake from the growth media. Creatine uptake was independent of the Na+/creatine symporter (SLC6A8) expression or de novo synthesis. Western blot analyses showed that phosphorylation of the Na+/K+-ATPase on Tyr 10 (Y10), a known regulatory phosphorylation site, correlated with Lyn activity. Overexpression of Lyn in HEK293 cells increased Y10 phosphorylation (pY10) of the Na+/K+-ATPase, whereas Lyn inhibition or shRNA knockdown reduced Na+/K+-ATPase pY10 and decreased creatine accumulation in Myl-R cells. Consistent with enhanced uptake in Myl-R cells, cyclocreatine (Ccr), a cytotoxic creatine analog, caused significant loss of viability in Myl-R compared to Myl cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Lyn can affect creatine uptake through Lyn-dependent phosphorylation and regulation of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These studies identify kinase regulation of the Na+/K+-ATPase as pivotal in regulating creatine uptake and energy metabolism in cells.
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Hexokinase II inhibition by 3-bromopyruvate sensitizes myeloid leukemic cells K-562 to anti-leukemic drug, daunorubicin. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190880. [PMID: 31506393 PMCID: PMC6757186 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased metabolic flux towards Warburg phenotype promotes survival, proliferation and causes therapeutic resistance, in leukemic cells. Hexokinase-II (HK-II) is expressed predominantly in cancer cells, which promotes Warburg metabolic phenotype and protects the cancer cells from drug-induced apoptosis. The HK-II inhibitor 3- Bromopyruvate (3-BP) dissociates HK-II from mitochondrial complex, which leads to enhanced sensitization of leukemic cells to anti-leukemic drugs. In the present study, we analyzed the Warburg characteristics viz. HK-II expression, glucose uptake, endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of leukemic cell lines K-562 and THP-1 and then investigated if 3-BP can sensitize the leukemic cells K-562 to anti-leukemic drug Daunorubicin (DNR). We found that both K-562 and THP-1 cells have multi-fold high levels of HK-II, glucose uptake and endogenous ROS with respect to normal PBMCs. The combined treatment (CT) of 3-BP and DNR showed synergistic effect on the growth inhibition (GI) of K-562 and THP-1 cells. This growth inhibitory effect was attributed to 3-BP induced S-phase block and DNR induced G2/M block, resulted in reduced proliferation due to CT. Further, CT resulted in low HK-II level in mitochondrial fraction, high intracellular calcium and elevated apoptosis as compared with individual treatment of DNR and 3-BP. Moreover, CT caused enhanced DNA damage and hyperpolarized mitochondria, leading to cell death. Taken together, these results suggest that 3-BP synergises the anticancer effects of DNR in the chronic myeloid leukemic cell K-562, and may act as an effective adjuvant to anti-leukemic chemotherapy.
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Bencomo-Àlvarez AE, Rubio AJ, Gonzalez MA, Eiring AM. Energy metabolism and drug response in myeloid leukaemic stem cells. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:524-537. [PMID: 31236939 PMCID: PMC6679722 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of myeloid malignancies, many patients become resistant to therapy and ultimately succumb to their disease. Accumulating evidence over the past several years has suggested that the inadequacy of many leukaemia therapies results from their failure to target the leukaemic stem cell (LSC). For this reason, the LSC population currently represents the most critical target in the treatment of myeloid malignancies. However, while LSCs are ideal targets in the treatment of these diseases, they are also the most difficult population to target. This is due to both their heterogeneity within the LSC population, and also their phenotypic similarities with normal haematopoietic stem cells. This review will highlight the current landscape surrounding LSC biology in myeloid malignancies, with a focus on altered energy metabolism, and how that knowledge is being translated into clinical advances for the treatment of chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso E. Bencomo-Àlvarez
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Andres J. Rubio
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mayra A. Gonzalez
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
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28
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Coordinate Modulation of Glycolytic Enzymes and OXPHOS by Imatinib in BCR-ABL Driven Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133134. [PMID: 31252559 PMCID: PMC6651622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since many oncogenes, including BCR-ABL, may promote the acquisition and maintenance of the glycolytic phenotype, we tested whether treatment of BCR-ABL-driven human leukemia cells with imatinib, a selective BCR-ABL inhibitor, can modulate the expression of key glycolytic enzymes and mitochondrial complex subunits thus causing alterations of glucose metabolism. BCR-ABL-driven K562 and KCL-22 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of imatinib to preliminarily test drug sensitivity. Then untreated and treated cells were analyzed for levels of BCR-ABL signaling mediators and key proteins of glycolytic cascade and oxidative phosphorylation. Effective inhibition of BCR-ABL caused a concomitant reduction of p-ERK1/2, p-AKT, phosphorylated form of STAT3 (at Tyr705 and Ser727), c-Myc and cyclin D1 along with an increase of cleaved PARP and caspase 3 at 48 h after treatment. Furthermore, a strong reduction of the hexokinase II (HKII), phosphorylated form of PKM2 (at Tyr105 and Ser37) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) was observed in response to imatinib along with a strong upregulation of mitochondrial complexes (OXPHOS). According to these findings, a significant reduction of glucose consumption and lactate secretion along with an increase of intracellular ATP levels was observed in response to imatinib. Our findings indicate that imatinib treatment of BCR-ABL-driven human leukemia cells reactivates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation thus allowing potential co-targeting of BCR-ABL and OXPHOS.
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29
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Chu Y, Chen Y, Li M, Shi D, Wang B, Lian Y, Cheng X, Wang X, Xu M, Cheng T, Shi J, Yuan W. Six1 regulates leukemia stem cell maintenance in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2200-2210. [PMID: 31050834 PMCID: PMC6609858 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic changes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) play crucial roles in leukemogenesis, including recurrent chromosome translocations, epigenetic/spliceosome mutations and transcription factor aberrations. Six1, a transcription factor of the Sine oculis homeobox (Six) family, has been shown to transform normal hematopoietic progenitors into leukemia in cooperation with Eya. However, the specific role and the underlying mechanism of Six1 in leukemia maintenance remain unexplored. Here, we showed increased expression of SIX1 in AML patients and murine leukemia stem cells (c‐Kit+ cells, LSCs). Importantly, we also observed that a higher level of Six1 in human patients predicts a worse prognosis. Notably, knockdown of Six1 significantly prolonged the survival of MLL‐AF9‐induced AML mice with reduced peripheral infiltration and tumor burden. AML cells from Six1‐knockdown (KD) mice displayed a significantly decreased number and function of LSC, as assessed by the immunophenotype, colony‐forming ability and limiting dilution assay. Further analysis revealed the augmented apoptosis of LSC and decreased expression of glycolytic genes in Six1 KD mice. Overall, our data showed that Six1 is essential for the progression of MLL‐AF9‐induced AML via maintaining the pool of LSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangpeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Deyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Bichen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuelian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Diedrich JD, Herroon MK, Rajagurubandara E, Podgorski I. The Lipid Side of Bone Marrow Adipocytes: How Tumor Cells Adapt and Survive in Bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:443-457. [PMID: 29869753 PMCID: PMC6853185 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow adipocytes have emerged in recent years as key contributors to metastatic progression in bone. In this review, we focus specifically on their role as the suppliers of lipids and discuss pro-survival pathways that are closely linked to lipid metabolism, affected by the adipocyte-tumor cell interactions, and likely impacting the ability of the tumor cell to thrive in bone marrow space and evade therapy. RECENT FINDINGS The combined in silico, pre-clinical, and clinical evidence shows that in adipocyte-rich tissues such as bone marrow, tumor cells rely on exogenous lipids for regulation of cellular energetics and adaptation to harsh metabolic conditions of the metastatic niche. Adipocyte-supplied lipids have a potential to alter the cell's metabolic decisions by regulating glycolysis and respiration, fatty acid oxidation, lipid desaturation, and PPAR signaling. The downstream effects of lipid signaling on mitochondrial homeostasis ultimately control life vs. death decisions, providing a mechanism for gaining survival advantage and reduced sensitivity to treatment. There is a need for future research directed towards identifying the key metabolic and signaling pathways that regulate tumor dependence on exogenous lipids and consequently drive the pro-survival behavior in the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mackenzie K Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Erandi Rajagurubandara
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Singh N, Tripathi AK, Sahu DK, Mishra A, Linan M, Argente B, Varkey J, Parida N, Chowdhry R, Shyam H, Alam N, Dixit S, Shankar P, Mishra A, Agarwal A, Yoo C, Bhatt MLB, Kant R. Differential genomics and transcriptomics between tyrosine kinase inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant BCR-ABL-dependent chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30385-30418. [PMID: 30100996 PMCID: PMC6084383 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, it has been stated that the BCR-ABL fusion-protein is sufficient to induce Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), but additional genomic-changes are required for disease progression. Hence, we profiled control and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) alone or in combination with other drug-treated CML-samples in different phases, categorized as drug-sensitive and drug-resistant on the basis of BCR-ABL transcripts, the marker of major molecular-response. Molecular-profiling was done using the molecular-inversion probe-based-array, Human Transcriptomics-Array2.0, and Axiom-Biobank genotyping-arrays. At the transcript-level, clusters of control, TKI-resistant and TKI-sensitive cases were correlated with BCR-ABL transcript-levels. Both at the gene- and exon-levels, up-regulation of MPO, TPX2, and TYMS and down-regulation of STAT6, FOS, TGFBR2, and ITK lead up-regulation of the cell-cycle, DNA-replication, DNA-repair pathways and down-regulation of the immune-system, chemokine- and interleukin-signaling, TCR, TGF beta and MAPK signaling pathways. A comparison between TKI-sensitive and TKI-resistant cases revealed up-regulation of LAPTM4B, HLTF, PIEZO2, CFH, CD109, ANGPT1 in CML-resistant cases, leading to up-regulation of autophagy-, protein-ubiquitination-, stem-cell-, complement-, TGFβ- and homeostasis-pathways with specific involvement of the Tie2 and Basigin signaling-pathway. Dysregulated pathways were accompanied with low CNVs in CP-new and CP-UT-TKI-sensitive-cases with undetectable BCR-ABL-copies. High CNVs (previously reported gain of 9q34) were observed in BCR-ABL-independent and -dependent TKI, non-sensitive-CP-UT/AP-UT/B-UT and B-new samples. Further, genotyping CML-CP-UT cases with BCR-ABL 0-to-77.02%-copies, the identified, rsID239798 and rsID9475077, were associated with FAM83B, a candidate for therapeutic resistance. The presence of BCR-ABL, additional genetic-events, dysregulated-signaling-pathways and rsIDs associated with FAM83B in TKI-resistant-cases can be used to develop a signature-profile that may help in monitoring therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Sahu
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Archana Mishra
- Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | - Niranjan Parida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rebecca Chowdhry
- Department of Periodontics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Hari Shyam
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Nawazish Alam
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shivani Dixit
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pratap Shankar
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Avinash Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Chris Yoo
- Systems Imagination, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ravi Kant
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Overexpression of miR-202 resensitizes imatinib resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells through targetting Hexokinase 2. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171383. [PMID: 29559564 PMCID: PMC5938424 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease which uniquely expresses a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, BCR/ABL. As a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, imatinib becomes the first choice for the treatment of CML due to its high efficacy and low toxicity. However, the development of imatinib resistance limits the long-term treatment benefits of it in CML patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the roles of miR-202 in the regulation of imatinib sensitivity in CML cell lines and the possible mechanisms involved in this process. We found miR-202 was down-regulated in seven CML cell lines by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Overexpression of miR-202 significantly suppressed proliferation rates of CML cells. By establishing imatinib resistant cell lines originating from K562 and KU812 cells, we observed expressions of miR-202 were down-regulated by imatinib treatments and imatinib resistant CML cell lines exhibited lower level of miR-202. On the contrary, imatinib resistant CML cell lines displayed up-regulated glycolysis rate than sensitive cells with the evidence that glucose uptake, lactate production, and key glycolysis enzymes were elevated in imatinib resistant cells. Importantly, the imatinib resistant CML cell lines were more sensitive to glucose starvation and glycolysis inhibitors. In addition, we identified Hexokinase 2 (HK2) as a direct target of miR-202 in CML cell lines. Overexpression of miR-202 sensitized imatinib resistant CML through the miR-202-mediated glycolysis inhibition by targetting HK2. Finally, we provided the clinical relevance that miR-202 was down-regulated in CML patients and patients with lower miR-202 expression displayed higher HK2 expression. The present study will provide new aspects on the miRNA-modulated tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sensitivity in CML, contributing to the development of new therapeutic anticancer drugs.
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Poliaková M, Aebersold DM, Zimmer Y, Medová M. The relevance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for global metabolic pathways in cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:27. [PMID: 29455660 PMCID: PMC5817809 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metabolism is a thrilling discipline that focuses on mechanisms used by cancer cells to earn crucial building blocks and energy to preserve growth and overcome resistance to various treatment modalities. At the same time, therapies directed specifically against aberrant signalling pathways driven by protein tyrosine kinases (TKs) involved in proliferation, metastasis and growth count for several years to promising anti-cancer approaches. In this respect, small molecule inhibitors are the most widely used clinically relevant means for targeted therapy, with a rising number of approvals for TKs inhibitors. In this review, we discuss recent observations related to TKs-associated metabolism and to metabolic feedback that is initialized as cellular response to particular TK-targeted therapies. These observations provide collective evidence that therapeutic responses are primarily linked to such pathways as regulation of lipid and amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle and glycolysis, advocating therefore the development of further effective targeted therapies against a broader spectrum of TKs to treat patients whose tumors display deregulated signalling driven by these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Poliaková
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yitzhak Zimmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Medová
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department for BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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34
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Yang B, Wang C, Xie Y, Xu L, Wu X, Wu D. Monitoring tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapeutic responses with a panel of metabolic biomarkers in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:777-784. [PMID: 29316075 PMCID: PMC5834806 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential biomarkers associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), reveal the metabolite changes related to the continuous phases of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and find the potential biomarkers associated with treatment effects. Fifty‐two patients with CML and 26 matched healthy people were enrolled as the discovery set. Another 194 randomly selected CML patients treated with TKI were chosen as the external validation set. Plasma samples from the patients and controls were profiled using the gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabonomic approach. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were combined to select the differential metabolic features. The gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics showed a clear clustering and separation of metabolic patterns from healthy controls and pre‐ and post‐TKI treatment CML patients in the discovery set. We identified 9 metabolites that differentiated CML patients from healthy controls, including lactic acid, isoleucine, glycerol, glycine, myristic acid, d‐sorbitol, d‐galactose, d‐glucose, and myo‐inositol. Among the 9 markers, glycerol and myristic acid had the most significant association with TKI treatment effects in both discovery and external validation sets. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the combination of glycerol and myristic acid showed a better discrimination performance compared to a single biomarker. The results indicated that metabolic profiling has the potential for diagnosis of CML and the panel of biomarkers including myristic acid and glycerol could be useful in monitoring TKI therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Xie
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Liangjing Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
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35
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Puchades-Carrasco L, Pineda-Lucena A. Metabolomics Applications in Precision Medicine: An Oncological Perspective. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 17:2740-2751. [PMID: 28685691 PMCID: PMC5652075 DOI: 10.2174/1568026617666170707120034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer therapy remains limited by the conventional one-size-fits-all approach. In this context, treatment decisions are based on the clinical stage of disease but fail to ascertain the individual´s underlying biology and its role in driving malignancy. The identification of better therapies for cancer treatment is thus limited by the lack of sufficient data regarding the characterization of specific biochemical signatures associated with each particular cancer patient or group of patients. Metabolomics approaches promise a better understanding of cancer, a disease characterized by significant alterations in bioenergetic metabolism, by identifying changes in the pattern of metabolite expression in addition to changes in the concentration of individual metabolites as well as alterations in biochemical pathways. These approaches hold the potential of identifying novel biomarkers with different clinical applications, including the development of more specific diagnostic methods based on the characterization of metabolic subtypes, the monitoring of currently used cancer therapeutics to evaluate the response and the prognostic outcome with a given therapy, and the evaluation of the mechanisms involved in disease relapse and drug resistance. This review discusses metabolomics applications in different oncological processes underlining the potential of this omics approach to further advance the implementation of precision medicine in the oncology area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Puchades-Carrasco
- Joint Research Unit in Clinical Metabolomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia. Spain
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36
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Starkova J, Hermanova I, Hlozkova K, Hararova A, Trka J. Altered Metabolism of Leukemic Cells: New Therapeutic Opportunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 336:93-147. [PMID: 29413894 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cancer metabolic program alters bioenergetic processes to meet the higher demands of tumor cells for biomass production, nucleotide synthesis, and NADPH-balancing redox homeostasis. It is widely accepted that cancer cells mostly utilize glycolysis, as opposed to normal cells, in which oxidative phosphorylation is the most employed bioenergetic process. Still, studies examining cancer metabolism had been overlooked for many decades, and it was only recently discovered that metabolic alterations affect both the oncogenic potential and therapeutic response. Since most of the published works concern solid tumors, in this comprehensive review, we aim to summarize knowledge about the metabolism of leukemia cells. Leukemia is a malignant disease that ranks first and fifth in cancer-related deaths in children and adults, respectively. Current treatment has reached its limits due to toxicity, and there has been a need for new therapeutic approaches. One of the possible scenarios is improved use of established drugs and another is to introduce new druggable targets. Herein, we aim to describe the complexity of leukemia metabolism and highlight cellular processes that could be targeted therapeutically and enhance the effectiveness of current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Starkova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Hermanova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hlozkova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Hararova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trka
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lane AN, Tan J, Wang Y, Yan J, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. Probing the metabolic phenotype of breast cancer cells by multiple tracer stable isotope resolved metabolomics. Metab Eng 2017; 43:125-136. [PMID: 28163219 PMCID: PMC5540847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancers vary by their origin and specific set of genetic lesions, which gives rise to distinct phenotypes and differential response to targeted and untargeted chemotherapies. To explore the functional differences of different breast cell types, we performed Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) studies of one primary breast (HMEC) and three breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDAMB-231, and ZR75-1) having distinct genotypes and growth characteristics, using 13C6-glucose, 13C-1+2-glucose, 13C5,15N2-Gln, 13C3-glycerol, and 13C8-octanoate as tracers. These tracers were designed to probe the central energy producing and anabolic pathways (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, Krebs Cycle, glutaminolysis, nucleotide synthesis and lipid turnover). We found that glycolysis was not associated with the rate of breast cancer cell proliferation, glutaminolysis did not support lipid synthesis in primary breast or breast cancer cells, but was a major contributor to pyrimidine ring synthesis in all cell types; anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylation was activated in breast cancer versus primary cells. We also found that glucose metabolism in individual breast cancer cell lines differed between in vitro cultures and tumor xenografts, but not the metabolic distinctions between cell lines, which may reflect the influence of tumor architecture/microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Lane
- J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Dept. Chemistry and Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
| | - Julie Tan
- J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
| | - Yali Wang
- J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
| | - Jun Yan
- J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Dept. Chemistry and Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Dept. Chemistry and Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
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38
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Somlyai G, Collins TQ, Meuillet EJ, Hitendra P, D'Agostino DP, Boros LG. Structural homologies between phenformin, lipitor and gleevec aim the same metabolic oncotarget in leukemia and melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50187-50192. [PMID: 28418852 PMCID: PMC5564842 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenformin's recently demonstrated efficacy in melanoma and Gleevec's demonstrated anti-proliferative action in chronic myeloid leukemia may lie within these drugs' significant pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and structural homologies, which are reviewed herein. Gleevec's success in turning a fatal leukemia into a manageable chronic disease has been trumpeted in medical, economic, political and social circles because it is considered the first successful targeted therapy. Investments have been immense in omics analyses and while in some cases they greatly helped the management of patients, in others targeted therapies failed to achieve clinically stable recurrence-free disease course or to substantially extend survival. Nevertheless protein kinase controlling approaches have persisted despite early warnings that the targeted genomics narrative is overblown. Experimental and clinical observations with Phenformin suggest an alternative explanation for Gleevec's mode of action. Using 13C-guided precise flux measurements, a comparative multiple cell line study demonstrated the drug's downstream impact on submolecular fatty acid processing metabolic events that occurred independent of Gleevec's molecular target. Clinical observations that hyperlipidemia and diabetes are both reversed in mice and in patients taking Gleevec support the drugs' primary metabolic targets by biguanides and statins. This is evident by structural data demonstrating that Gleevec shows pyridine- and phenyl-guanidine homology with Phenformin and identical phenylcarbamoyl structural and ligand binding homology with Lipitor. The misunderstood mechanism of action of Gleevec is emblematic of the pervasive flawed reasoning that genomic analysis will lead to targeted, personalized diagnosis and therapy. The alternative perspective for Gleevec's mode of action may turn oncotargets towards metabolic channel reaction architectures in leukemia and melanoma, as well as in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Somlyai
- HYD, LLC for Cancer Research & Drug Development, Budapest, Hungary, European Union
| | - T. Que Collins
- CignatureHealth Metabolic Clinic, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- EPIGENIX Foundation, El Segundo, CA, USA
| | | | - Patel Hitendra
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dominic P. D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - László G. Boros
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Westwood, CA, USA
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LABIOMED) at the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- SiDMAP, LLC, Culver City, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
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39
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Lu L, Chen Y, Zhu Y. The molecular basis of targeting PFKFB3 as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62793-62802. [PMID: 28977989 PMCID: PMC5617549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatases (PFKFBs) are bifunctional enzymes which regulate the transformation between fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate (F2, 6BP) and fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) in the process of glucose metabolism. Among the four isozymes (PFKFB1-4), PFKFB3 has stronger kinase activity than phosphatase activity, resulting in the synthesis of F2, 6BP and the promotion of glycolysis. Additionally, PFKFB3 plays a key role in cell cycle regulation. It has been confirmed that PFKFB3 is upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, and inhibition of it results in suppression of the growth of tumor cells by downregulating the glycolytic flux. It is expected to release drug resistance and prevent disease progression by PFKFB3 inhibition. Recent studies have also shown that the efficacy of PFKFB3 inhibition in tumor cells is not only related to glycolysis, but also autophagy. Here, we have reviewed the biological characteristics of PFKFB3, the regulation pathway of glucose metabolism manipulated by PFKFB3, and other regulatory mechanisms in hematologic and non-hematologic malignant tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Lu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yaoyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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40
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Marín de Mas I, Marín S, Pachón G, Rodríguez-Prados JC, Vizán P, Centelles JJ, Tauler R, Azqueta A, Selivanov V, López de Ceraín A, Cascante M. Unveiling the Metabolic Changes on Muscle Cell Metabolism Underlying p-Phenylenediamine Toxicity. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:8. [PMID: 28321398 PMCID: PMC5338303 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a disorder characterized by acute damage of the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle leading to release of potentially toxic muscle cell components into the circulation, most notably creatine phosphokinase (CK) and myoglobulin, and is frequently accompanied by myoglobinuria. In the present work, we evaluated the toxicity of p-phenylenediamine (PPD), a main component of hair dyes which is reported to induce rhabdomyolysis. We studied the metabolic effect of this compound in vivo with Wistar rats and in vitro with C2C12 muscle cells. To this aim we have combined multi-omic experimental measurements with computational approaches using model-driven methods. The integrative study presented here has unveiled the metabolic disorders associated to PPD exposure that may underlay the aberrant metabolism observed in rhabdomyolys disease. Animals treated with lower doses of PPD (10 and 20 mg/kg) showed depressed activity and myoglobinuria after 10 h of treatment. We measured the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) in rats after 24, 48, and 72 h of PPD exposure. At all times, treatment with PPD at higher doses (40 and 60 mg/kg) showed an increase of AST and ALT, and also an increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CK after 24 h. Blood packed cell volume and hemoglobin levels, as well as organs weight at 48 and 72 h, were also measured. No significant differences were observed in these parameters under any condition. PPD induce cell cycle arrest in S phase and apoptosis (40% or early apoptotic cells) on mus musculus mouse C2C12 cells after 24 h of treatment. Incubation of mus musculus mouse C2C12 cells with [1,2-13C2]-glucose during 24 h, subsequent quantification of 13C isotopologues distribution in key metabolites of glucose metabolic network and a computational fluxomic analysis using in-house developed software (Isodyn) showed that PPD is inhibiting glycolysis, non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen turnover, and ATPAse reaction leading to a reduction in ATP synthesis. These findings unveil the glucose metabolism collapse, which is consistent with a decrease in cell viability observed in PPD-treated C2C12 cells and with the myoglubinuria and other effects observed in Wistar Rats treated with PPD. These findings shed new light on muscle dysfunction associated to PPD exposure, opening new avenues for cost-effective therapies in Rhabdomyolysis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Marín de Mas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasBarcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marín
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Pachón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C Rodríguez-Prados
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Vizán
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep J Centelles
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vitaly Selivanov
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Ceraín
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Zielinski DC, Jamshidi N, Corbett AJ, Bordbar A, Thomas A, Palsson BO. Systems biology analysis of drivers underlying hallmarks of cancer cell metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41241. [PMID: 28120890 PMCID: PMC5264163 DOI: 10.1038/srep41241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation is often accompanied by significant metabolic changes. To identify drivers underlying these changes, we calculated metabolic flux states for the NCI60 cell line collection and correlated the variance between metabolic states of these lines with their other properties. The analysis revealed a remarkably consistent structure underlying high flux metabolism. The three primary uptake pathways, glucose, glutamine and serine, are each characterized by three features: (1) metabolite uptake sufficient for the stoichiometric requirement to sustain observed growth, (2) overflow metabolism, which scales with excess nutrient uptake over the basal growth requirement, and (3) redox production, which also scales with nutrient uptake but greatly exceeds the requirement for growth. We discovered that resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in these lines broadly correlates with the amount of glucose uptake. These results support an interpretation of the Warburg effect and glutamine addiction as features of a growth state that provides resistance to metabolic stress through excess redox and energy production. Furthermore, overflow metabolism observed may indicate that mitochondrial catabolic capacity is a key constraint setting an upper limit on the rate of cofactor production possible. These results provide a greater context within which the metabolic alterations in cancer can be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Zielinski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Neema Jamshidi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0412, USA.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Austin J Corbett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Aarash Bordbar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Alex Thomas
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0412, USA.,The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0412, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Bernhard O Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0412, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0412, USA
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42
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Martinho O, Silva-Oliveira R, Cury FP, Barbosa AM, Granja S, Evangelista AF, Marques F, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Cardoso-Carneiro D, de Paula FE, Zanon M, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Moreira MA, Baltazar F, Longatto-Filho A, Reis RM. HER Family Receptors are Important Theranostic Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer: Blocking Glucose Metabolism Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of HER Inhibitors. Theranostics 2017; 7:717-732. [PMID: 28255362 PMCID: PMC5327645 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent HPV infection alone is not sufficient for cervical cancer development, which requires additional molecular alterations for tumor progression and metastasis ultimately leading to a lethal disease. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of HER family receptor alterations in cervical adenocarcinoma. We detected overexpression of HER protein, mainly HER2, which was an independent prognostic marker for these patients. By using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we provided evidence that HER inhibitors, allitinib and lapatinib, were effective in reducing cervical cancer aggressiveness. Furthermore, combination of these drugs with glucose uptake blockers could overcome the putative HIF1-α-mediated resistance to HER-targeted therapies. Thus, we propose that the use of HER inhibitors in association with glycolysis blockers can be a potentially effective treatment option for HER-positive cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center (CPOM), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Silva-Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center (CPOM), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P. Cury
- Molecular Oncology Research Center (CPOM), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Martins Barbosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Granja
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Fábio Marques
- Department of Pathology of the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Cardoso-Carneiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Flávia E. de Paula
- Molecular Oncology Research Center (CPOM), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maicon Zanon
- Molecular Oncology Research Center (CPOM), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marise A.R. Moreira
- Department of Pathology of the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center (CPOM), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center (CPOM), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
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43
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Karlíková R, Široká J, Friedecký D, Faber E, Hrdá M, Mičová K, Fikarová I, Gardlo A, Janečková H, Vrobel I, Adam T. Metabolite Profiling of the Plasma and Leukocytes of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3158-66. [PMID: 27465658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) brought a major breakthrough in the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Pathogenetic CML events are closely linked with the Bcr-Abl protein with tyrosine kinase activity. TKIs block the ATP-binding site; therefore, the signal pathways leading to malignant transformation are no longer active. However, there is limited information about the impact of TKI treatment on the metabolome of CML patients. Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometric metabolite profiling and multivariate statistical methods, we analyzed plasma and leukocyte samples of patients newly diagnosed with CML, patients treated with hydroxyurea and TKIs (imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib), and healthy controls. The global metabolic profiles clearly distinguished the newly diagnosed CML patients and the patients treated with hydroxyurea from those treated with TKIs and the healthy controls. The major changes were found in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and amino acid metabolism. We observed differences in the levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines between those patients responding to imatinib treatment and those who were resistant to it. According to our findings, the metabolic profiling may be potentially used as an additional tool for the assessment of response/resistance to imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radana Karlíková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc , I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Široká
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Friedecký
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Edgar Faber
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Hrdá
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Mičová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc , I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Fikarová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Gardlo
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc , I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Palacký University Olomouc , 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Janečková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Vrobel
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc , I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Adam
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc , I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc , I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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44
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Toman O, Kabickova T, Vit O, Fiser R, Polakova KM, Zach J, Linhartova J, Vyoral D, Petrak J. Proteomic analysis of imatinib-resistant CML-T1 cells reveals calcium homeostasis as a potential therapeutic target. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1258-68. [PMID: 27430982 PMCID: PMC4968618 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy has markedly improved patient prognosis after introduction of imatinib mesylate for clinical use. However, a subset of patients develops resistance to imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), mainly due to point mutations in the region encoding the kinase domain of the fused BCR-ABL oncogene. To identify potential therapeutic targets in imatinib-resistant CML cells, we derived imatinib-resistant CML-T1 human cell line clone (CML-T1/IR) by prolonged exposure to imatinib in growth media. Mutational analysis revealed that the Y235H mutation in BCR-ABL is probably the main cause of CML-T1/IR resistance to imatinib. To identify alternative therapeutic targets for selective elimination of imatinib-resistant cells, we compared the proteome profiles of CML-T1 and CML-T1/IR cells using 2-DE-MS. We identified eight differentially expressed proteins, with strongly upregulated Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) in the resistant cells, suggesting that this protein may influence cytosolic pH, Ca2+ concentration or signaling pathways such as Wnt in CML-T1/IR cells. We tested several compounds including drugs in clinical use that interfere with the aforementioned processes and tested their relative toxicity to CML-T1 and CML-T1/IR cells. Calcium channel blockers, calcium signaling antagonists and modulators of calcium homeostasis, namely thapsigargin, ionomycin, verapamil, carboxyamidotriazole and immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK-506) were selectively toxic to CML-T1/IR cells. The putative cellular targets of these compounds in CML-T1/IR cells are postulated in this study. We propose that Ca2+ homeostasis can be a potential therapeutic target in CML cells resistant to TKIs. We demonstrate that a proteomic approach may be used to characterize a TKI-resistant population of CML cells enabling future individualized treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Toman
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, CZ-12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - T Kabickova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, CZ-12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - O Vit
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, CZ-25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - R Fiser
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University in Prague, CZ-12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Machova Polakova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, CZ-12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - J Zach
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, CZ-12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - J Linhartova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, CZ-12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - D Vyoral
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, CZ-12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - J Petrak
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, CZ-12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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45
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Serkova NJ, Eckhardt SG. Metabolic Imaging to Assess Treatment Response to Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Agents. Front Oncol 2016; 6:152. [PMID: 27471678 PMCID: PMC4946377 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents were considered the basis of anticancer treatment for patients with metastatic tumors. A decrease in tumor burden, assessed by volumetric computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), was considered as a radiological response to cytotoxic chemotherapies. In addition to RECIST-based dimensional measurements, a metabolic response to cytotoxic drugs can be assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) using (18)F-fluoro-thymidine (FLT) as a radioactive tracer for drug-disrupted DNA synthesis. The decreased (18)FLT-PET uptake is often seen concurrently with increased apparent diffusion coefficients by diffusion-weighted imaging due to chemotherapy-induced changes in tumor cellularity. Recently, the discovery of molecular origins of tumorogenesis led to the introduction of novel signal transduction inhibitors (STIs). STIs are targeted cytostatic agents; their effect is based on a specific biological inhibition with no immediate cell death. As such, tumor size is not anymore a sensitive end point for a treatment response to STIs; novel physiological imaging end points are desirable. For receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as modulators of the downstream signaling pathways, an almost immediate inhibition in glycolytic activity (the Warburg effect) and phospholipid turnover (the Kennedy pathway) has been seen by metabolic imaging in the first 24 h of treatment. The quantitative imaging end points by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and metabolic PET (including 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose, FDG, and total choline) provide an early treatment response to targeted STIs, before a reduction in tumor burden can be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Serkova
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S. Gail Eckhardt
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Shestov AA, Lee SC, Nath K, Guo L, Nelson DS, Roman JC, Leeper DB, Wasik MA, Blair IA, Glickson JD. (13)C MRS and LC-MS Flux Analysis of Tumor Intermediary Metabolism. Front Oncol 2016; 6:135. [PMID: 27379200 PMCID: PMC4908130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first validated metabolic network model for analysis of flux through key pathways of tumor intermediary metabolism, including glycolysis, the oxidative and non-oxidative arms of the pentose pyrophosphate shunt, the TCA cycle as well as its anaplerotic pathways, pyruvate-malate shuttling, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid biosynthesis and oxidation. The model that is called Bonded Cumomer Analysis for application to (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C MRS) data and Fragmented Cumomer Analysis for mass spectrometric data is a refined and efficient form of isotopomer analysis that can readily be expanded to incorporate glycogen, phospholipid, and other pathways thereby encompassing all the key pathways of tumor intermediary metabolism. Validation was achieved by demonstrating agreement of experimental measurements of the metabolic rates of oxygen consumption, glucose consumption, lactate production, and glutamate pool size with independent measurements of these parameters in cultured human DB-1 melanoma cells. These cumomer models have been applied to studies of DB-1 melanoma and DLCL2 human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells in culture and as xenografts in nude mice at 9.4 T. The latter studies demonstrate the potential translation of these methods to in situ studies of human tumor metabolism by MRS with stable (13)C isotopically labeled substrates on instruments operating at high magnetic fields (≥7 T). The melanoma studies indicate that this tumor line obtains 51% of its ATP by mitochondrial metabolism and 49% by glycolytic metabolism under both euglycemic (5 mM glucose) and hyperglycemic conditions (26 mM glucose). While a high level of glutamine uptake is detected corresponding to ~50% of TCA cycle flux under hyperglycemic conditions, and ~100% of TCA cycle flux under euglycemic conditions, glutaminolysis flux and its contributions to ATP synthesis were very small. Studies of human lymphoma cells demonstrated that inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling produced changes in flux through the glycolytic, pentose shunt, and TCA cycle pathways that were evident within 8 h of treatment and increased at 24 and 48 h. Lactate was demonstrated to be a suitable biomarker of mTOR inhibition that could readily be monitored by (1)H MRS and perhaps also by FDG-PET and hyperpolarized (13)C MRS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Shestov
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - David S Nelson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Jeffrey C Roman
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Dennis B Leeper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Jerry D Glickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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47
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Song K, Li M, Xu X, Xuan LI, Huang G, Liu Q. Resistance to chemotherapy is associated with altered glucose metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:334-342. [PMID: 27347147 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glucose metabolism has been described as a cause of chemoresistance in multiple tumor types. The present study aimed to identify the expression profile of glucose metabolism in drug-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and provide potential strategies for the treatment of drug-resistant AML. Bone marrow and serum samples were obtained from patients with AML that were newly diagnosed or had relapsed. The messenger RNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, glucose transporter (GLUT)1, and hexokinase-II was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The levels of LDH and β subunit of human F1-F0 adenosine triphosphate synthase (β-F1-ATPase) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and western blot assays. The HL-60 and HL-60/ADR cell lines were used to evaluate glycolytic activity and effect of glycolysis inhibition on cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Drug-resistant HL-60/ADR cells exhibited a significantly increased level of glycolysis compared with the drug-sensitive HL-60 cell line. The expression of HIF-1α, hexokinase-II, GLUT1 and LDH were increased in AML patients with no remission (NR), compared to healthy control individuals and patients with complete remission (CR) and partial remission. The expression of β-F1-ATPase in patients with NR was decreased compared with the expression in the CR group. Treatment of HL-60/ADR cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose or 3-bromopyruvate increased in vitro sensitivity to Adriamycin (ADR), while treatment of HL-60 cells did not affect drug cytotoxicity. Subsequent to treatment for 24 h, apoptosis in these two cell lines showed no significant difference. However, glycolytic inhibitors in combination with ADR increased cellular necrosis. These findings indicate that increased glycolysis and low efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation may contribute to drug resistance. Targeting glycolysis is a viable strategy for modulating chemoresistance in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, P.R. China; Department of Hematology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, P.R. China; Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - L I Xuan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guinian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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48
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Inhibition of Lipid Oxidation Increases Glucose Metabolism and Enhances 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]Fluoro-D-Glucose Uptake in Prostate Cancer Mouse Xenografts. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 17:529-38. [PMID: 25561013 PMCID: PMC4493937 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States. Due to the lipid-driven metabolic phenotype of PCa, imaging with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) is suboptimal, since tumors tend to have low avidity for glucose. Procedures We have used the fat oxidation inhibitor etomoxir (2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate) that targets carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase-1 (CPT-1) to increase glucose uptake in PCa cell lines. Small hairpin RNA specific for CPT1A was used to confirm the glycolytic switch induced by etomoxir in vitro. Systemic etomoxir treatment was used to enhance [18F]FDG-positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) imaging in PCa xenograft mouse models in 24 h. Results PCa cells significantly oxidize more of circulating fatty acids than benign cells via CPT-1 enzyme, and blocking this lipid oxidation resulted in activation of the Warburg effect and enhanced [18F]FDG signal in PCa mouse models. Conclusions Inhibition of lipid oxidation plays a major role in elevating glucose metabolism of PCa cells, with potential for imaging enhancement that could also be extended to other cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11307-014-0814-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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49
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Jiang Y, Nakada D. Cell intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of leukemia cell metabolism. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:607-16. [PMID: 26897135 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis is a fundamental property of cells that becomes dysregulated in cancer to meet the altered, often heightened, demand for metabolism for increased growth and proliferation. Oncogenic mutations can directly change cellular metabolism in a cell-intrinsic manner, priming cells for malignancy. Additionally, cell-extrinsic cues from the microenvironment, such as hypoxia, nutrient availability, oxidative stress, and crosstalk from surrounding cells can also affect cancer cell metabolism, and produce metabolic heterogeneity within the tumor. Here, we highlight recent findings revealing the complexity and adaptability of leukemia cells to coordinate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajian Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daisuke Nakada
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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50
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Ko BW, Han J, Heo JY, Jang Y, Kim SJ, Kim J, Lee MJ, Ryu MJ, Song IC, Jo YS, Kweon GR. Metabolic characterization of imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL T315I chronic myeloid leukemia cells indicates down-regulation of glycolytic pathway and low ROS production. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2180-8. [PMID: 26854822 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1142086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-term imatinib treatment induces drug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells harboring T315I gate keeper mutation of breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-ABL oncogenic kinase. However, although cell proliferation is coupled with cellular energy status in CML carcinogenesis, the metabolic characteristics of T315I-mutant CML cells have never been investigated. Here, we analyzed cell proliferation activities and metabolic phenotypes, including cell proliferation, oxygen consumption, lactate production, and redox state in the KBM5 (imatinib-sensitive) and KBM5-T315I (imatinib-resistant) CML cell lines. Interestingly, KBM5-T315I cells showed decreased cell proliferation, lactate production, fatty acid synthesis, ROS production, and down regulation of mRNA expression related to ROS scavengers, such as SOD2, catalase, GCLm, and GPx1. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the lower growth ability of KBM5-T315I CML cells might be related to the decreased expression of glycolysis-related genes and ROS levels, and this will be used to identify therapeutic targets for imatinib resistance in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Woong Ko
- a Department of Biochemistry , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Han
- a Department of Biochemistry , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Heo
- a Department of Biochemistry , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea ;,b Brain Research Institute , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseon Jang
- a Department of Biochemistry , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- a Department of Biochemistry , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jungim Kim
- a Department of Biochemistry , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joung Lee
- a Department of Biochemistry , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Ryu
- a Department of Biochemistry , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea ;,c Research Institute for Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Chan Song
- d Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Chungnam National University Hospital , Deajeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jo
- e Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Deajeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- a Department of Biochemistry , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea ;,c Research Institute for Medical Science , Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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