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Wang L, Hu T, Li R, Xu L, Wang Y, Cheng Q. An innovative metabolic index for insulin resistance correlates with early neurological deterioration following intravenous thrombolysis in minor acute ischemic stroke patients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36826. [PMID: 39281431 PMCID: PMC11399671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The composite score for insulin resistance (IR), known as the Metabolic Score of Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), serves as an assessment tool for IR and has been previously linked to symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and poor functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Despite these associations, the impact of METS-IR on early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with minor AIS who underwent intravenous administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV-rtPA) remains inadequately established. This investigation explored the link between METS-IR and END in patients with minor AIS receiving IV-rtPA treatment. Methods In this study, a cohort comprising 425 consecutive patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score (NIHSS)≤5 who underwent IV-rtPA treatment was included. The METS-IR was computed using the formula ln METS-IR=ln (2 × FBG + TG) × BMI/ln (HDL). END was defined as a NIHSS ≥2 within 24 h post IV-rtPA administration, while poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 2-6. Multivariate logistical regression was performed to investigate the association between METS-IR and both poor functional outcomes and END. Results Among the 425 enrolled patients, 64 (15.1 %) patients experienced END, while 80 (18.8 %) had poor functional outcomes three months post-discharge. Upon adjusting for confounding factors, a higher METS-IR emerged as an independent predictor for both END and poor functional outcomes. Similarly, noteworthy findings were observed when METS-IR was defined as a categorical group. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis indicated a linear relationship between METS-IR and END (P = 0.593 for non-linearity, P = 0.034 for overall). The incorporation of METS-IR into the conventional model resulted in a significant enhancement of predictive accuracy for both END and poor functional outcomes. Conclusion METS-IR emerges as an independent predictor for END and poor functional outcome at three months post-discharge in patients with minor AIS subjected to IV-rtPA. Considering its simplicity and clinical accessibility as an indicator of IR, METS-IR may hold guiding significance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Yijishan Hospital) of Wannan Medical College,Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an 82 Hospital, Jiangsu, China
- Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an 82 Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an 82 Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiantao Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an 82 Hospital, Jiangsu, China
- Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Kühn AL, Puri AS, Salim HA, Musmar B, Ghozy S, Siegler J, Shaikh H, Khalife J, Abdalkader M, Klein P, Nguyen TN, Heit JJ, Regenhardt RW, Diestro JDB, Cancelliere NM, Sweid A, Naamani KE, Hasan Z, Gopinathan A, Amllay A, Meyer L, Dusart A, Bellante F, Forestier G, Rouchaud A, Saleme S, Mounayer C, Fiehler J, Dyzmann C, Kan PT, Singh J, Colasurdo M, Marnat G, Berge J, Barreau X, Sibon I, Nedelcu S, Henninger N, Marotta TR, Stapleton CJ, Rabinov JD, Ota T, Dofuku S, Yeo LL, Tan BYQ, Martinez-Gutierrez JC, Salazar-Marioni S, Sheth S, Renieri L, Capirossi C, Mowla A, Tjoumakaris SI, Jabbour P, Khandelwal P, Biswas A, Clarençon F, Elhorany M, Premat K, Valente I, Pedicelli A, Filipe JP, Varela R, Quintero-Consuegra M, Gonzalez NR, Möhlenbruch MA, Jesser J, Costalat V, Ter Schiphorst A, Yedavalli V, Harker P, Chervak L, Aziz Y, Gory B, Stracke CP, Hecker C, Killer-Oberpfalzer M, Griessenauer CJ, Thomas A, Hsieh CY, Liebeskind DS, Radu RA, Alexandre AM, Fahed R, Tancredi I, Faizy TD, Weyland C, Lubicz B, Patel AB, Pereira VM, Guenego A, Dmytriw AA. Multicenter evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy for distal medium vessel occlusions with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Scores ≥ 6 and ≤ 6. J Neurol 2024; 271:5853-5863. [PMID: 38967650 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While mechanical thrombectomy is considered standard of care for large vessel occlusions, scientific evidence to support treatment for distal and medium vessel occlusions remains scarce. PURPOSE To evaluate feasibility, safety, and outcomes in patients with low National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for treatment of distal medium vessel occlusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective data review and analysis of prospectively maintained databases at 41 academic centers in North America, Asia, and Europe between January 2017 and January 2022. Characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups with low stroke scale score (≤ 6) versus and higher stroke scale scores (> 6). Propensity score matching using the optimal pair matching method and 1:1 ratio was performed. RESULTS Data were collected on a total of 1068 patients. After propensity score matching, there were a total of 676 patients included in the final analysis, with 338 patients in each group. High successful reperfusion rates were seen in both groups, 90.2% in ≤ 6 and 88.7% in the > 6 stroke scale groups. The frequency of excellent and good functional outcome was seen more common in low versus higher stroke scale score patients (64.5% and 81.1% versus 39.3% and 58.6%, respectively). The 90-day mortality rate observed in the ≤ 6 stroke scale group was 5.3% versus 13.3% in the > 6 stroke scale group. CONCLUSION Mechanical thrombectomy in distal and medium vessel occlusions, specifically in patients with low stroke scale scores is feasible, though it may not necessarily improve outcomes over IVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luisa Kühn
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ajit S Puri
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hamza Adel Salim
- Department of Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Louisiana State University, Los Angeles, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Basel Musmar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Louisiana State University, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Departments of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James Siegler
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowen University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Hamza Shaikh
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowen University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Jane Khalife
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowen University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Mohamad Abdalkader
- Departments of Radiology & Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piers Klein
- Departments of Radiology & Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Departments of Radiology & Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy J Heit
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Robert W Regenhardt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro
- Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole M Cancelliere
- Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmad Sweid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kareem El Naamani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zuha Hasan
- Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anil Gopinathan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abdelaziz Amllay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lukas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Dusart
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Civil Marie Curie, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Flavio Bellante
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Civil Marie Curie, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Géraud Forestier
- Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital of Limoges, Dupuytren, Université de Limoges, XLIM CNRS, UMR 7252, Limoges, France
| | - Aymeric Rouchaud
- Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital of Limoges, Dupuytren, Université de Limoges, XLIM CNRS, UMR 7252, Limoges, France
| | - Suzana Saleme
- Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital of Limoges, Dupuytren, Université de Limoges, XLIM CNRS, UMR 7252, Limoges, France
| | - Charbel Mounayer
- Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital of Limoges, Dupuytren, Université de Limoges, XLIM CNRS, UMR 7252, Limoges, France
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Dyzmann
- Neuroradiology Department, Sana Kliniken, Lübeck GmbH, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter T Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jasmeet Singh
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Colasurdo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gaultier Marnat
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Berge
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Barreau
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Igor Sibon
- Neurology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Simona Nedelcu
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Thomas R Marotta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J Stapleton
- Department of Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Louisiana State University, Los Angeles, USA
| | - James D Rabinov
- Department of Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Louisiana State University, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Takahiro Ota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Dofuku
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leonard Ll Yeo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Y Q Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sunil Sheth
- Interventistica Neurovascolare, Ospedale Careggi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Renieri
- Interventistica Neurovascolare, Ospedale Careggi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Carolina Capirossi
- Interventistica Neurovascolare, Ospedale Careggi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Ashkan Mowla
- Division of Stroke and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), 1200 North State St, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Pascal Jabbour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priyank Khandelwal
- Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery and Neuroradiology NJMS, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Arundhati Biswas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Frédéric Clarençon
- Department of Neuroradiology, GRC BioFast, Sorbonne University. Paris VI, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Mahmoud Elhorany
- Department of Neuroradiology, GRC BioFast, Sorbonne University. Paris VI, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Premat
- Department of Neuroradiology, GRC BioFast, Sorbonne University. Paris VI, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Iacopo Valente
- UOSA Neuroradiologia Interventistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedicelli
- UOSA Neuroradiologia Interventistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - João Pedro Filipe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Varela
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Nestor R Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Markus A Möhlenbruch
- Sektion Vaskuläre Und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Jesser
- Sektion Vaskuläre Und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Costalat
- Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Adrien Ter Schiphorst
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Harker
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lina Chervak
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yasmin Aziz
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Gory
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Christian Paul Stracke
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Neuroradiology Section, University Medical Center, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Hecker
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph J Griessenauer
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ajith Thomas
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowen University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | | | - David S Liebeskind
- UCLA Stroke Center and Department of Neurology Department, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Răzvan Alexandru Radu
- Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea M Alexandre
- UOSA Neuroradiologia Interventistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Fahed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Illario Tancredi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tobias D Faizy
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Weyland
- Sektion Vaskuläre Und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Boris Lubicz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aman B Patel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vitor Mendes Pereira
- Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrien Guenego
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adam A Dmytriw
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Yedavalli VS, Salim HA, Musmar B, Adeeb N, Essibayi MA, ElNaamani K, Henninger N, Sundararajan SH, Kuhn AL, Khalife J, Ghozy S, Scarcia L, Tan BY, Heit JJ, Regenhardt RW, Cancelliere NM, Bernstock JD, Rouchaud A, Fiehler J, Sheth SA, Puri AS, Dyzmann C, Colasurdo M, Barreau X, Renieri L, Filipe JP, Harker P, Radu RA, Marotta TR, Spears J, Ota T, Mowla A, Jabbour P, Biswas A, Clarençon F, Siegler JE, Nguyen TN, Varela R, Baker A, Altschul D, Gonzalez N, Möhlenbruch MA, Costalat V, Gory B, Stracke P, Aziz-Sultan MA, Hecker C, Shaikh H, Liebeskind DS, Pedicelli A, Alexandre AM, Tancredi I, Faizy TD, Kalsoum E, Lubicz B, Patel AB, Mendes Pereira V, Guenego A, Dmytriw AA. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in proximal and distal medium middle cerebral artery occlusion patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. J Neurointerv Surg 2024:jnis-2024-021879. [PMID: 38977305 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2024-021879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) represents a significant proportion of overall stroke cases. While intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) has been a primary treatment, advancements in endovascular procedures have led to increased use of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in DMVO stroke patients. However, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) remains a critical complication of AIS, particularly after undergoing intervention. This study aims to identify factors associated with sICH in DMVO stroke patients undergoing MT. METHODS This retrospective analysis utilized data from the Multicenter Analysis of Distal Medium Vessel Occlusions: Effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy (MAD-MT) registry, involving 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) DMVO stroke patients were included. The primary outcome measured was sICH, as defined per the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors independently associated with sICH. RESULTS Among 1708 DMVO stroke patients, 148 (8.7%) developed sICH. Factors associated with sICH in DMVO patients treated with MT included older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.00 to 1.03, P=0.048), distal occlusion site (M3, M4) compared with medium occlusions (M2) (aOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.74, P=0.026), prior use of antiplatelet drugs (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.99, P<0.001), lower Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (ASPECTS) (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.84, P<0.001), higher preoperative blood glucose level (aOR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01, P=0.012), number of passes (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.39, P<0.001), and successful recanalization (Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b-3) (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.66, P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study provides novel insight into factors associated with sICH in patients undergoing MT for DMVO, emphasizing the importance of age, distal occlusion site, prior use of antiplatelet drugs, lower ASPECTS, higher preoperative blood glucose level, and procedural factors such as the number of passes and successful recanalization. Pending confirmation, consideration of these factors may improve personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek S Yedavalli
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hamza Adel Salim
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Basel Musmar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nimer Adeeb
- Department of Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Muhammed Amir Essibayi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Montefiore-Einstein Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kareem ElNaamani
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Montefiore-Einstein Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sri Hari Sundararajan
- Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery and Neuroradiology, NJMS, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anna Luisa Kuhn
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane Khalife
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowen University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Departments of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Luca Scarcia
- Department of Neuroradiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France
| | - Benjamin Yq Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Josef Heit
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Robert W Regenhardt
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole M Cancelliere
- Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aymeric Rouchaud
- University Hospital of Limoges, Neuroradiology Department, Dupuytren, Université de Limoges, XLIM CNRS, UMR 7252, Limoges, France
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sunil A Sheth
- Department of Neurology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ajit S Puri
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Dyzmann
- Neuroradiology Department, Sana Kliniken, Lübeck GmbH, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Marco Colasurdo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xavier Barreau
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Leonardo Renieri
- Interventistica Neurovascolare, Ospedale Careggi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - João Pedro Filipe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pablo Harker
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Răzvan Alexandru Radu
- Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas R Marotta
- Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Spears
- Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takahiro Ota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ashkan Mowla
- Division of Stroke and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pascal Jabbour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arundhati Biswas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Frédéric Clarençon
- GRC BioFast, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Neuroradiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - James E Siegler
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowen University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Departments of Radiology & Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ricardo Varela
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Amanda Baker
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Montefiore-Einstein Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David Altschul
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Montefiore-Einstein Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nestor Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Markus A Möhlenbruch
- Sektion Vaskuläre und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Costalat
- Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Gory
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
- INSERM U1254, IADI, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Paul Stracke
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Neuroradiology Section, University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ali Aziz-Sultan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Constantin Hecker
- Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hamza Shaikh
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowen University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - David S Liebeskind
- UCLA Stroke Center and Department of Neurology Department, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Pedicelli
- UOSA Neuroradiologia Interventistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Alexandre
- UOSA Neuroradiologia Interventistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Illario Tancredi
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Civil Marie Curie, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Tobias D Faizy
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erwah Kalsoum
- Department of Neuroradiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France
| | - Boris Lubicz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aman B Patel
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vitor Mendes Pereira
- Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrien Guenego
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adam A Dmytriw
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Salim HA, Yedavalli V, Musmar B, Adeeb N, E L Naamani K, Henninger N, Sundararajan SH, Kühn AL, Khalife J, Ghozy S, Scarcia L, Tan BYQ, Heit JJ, Regenhardt RW, Cancelliere NM, Bernstock JD, Rouchaud A, Fiehler J, Essibayi MA, Sheth SA, Puri AS, Barreau X, Colasurdo M, Renieri L, Dyzmann C, Marotta T, Spears J, Mowla A, Jabbour P, Filipe JP, Biswas A, Harker P, Clarençon F, Radu RA, Siegler JE, Nguyen TN, Varela R, Ota T, Gonzalez N, Moehlenbruch MA, Altschul D, Gory B, Costalat V, Stracke CP, Aziz-Sultan MA, Hecker C, Shaikh H, Liebeskind DS, Baker A, Pedicelli A, Alexandre A, Faizy TD, Tancredi I, Kalsoum E, Lubicz B, Patel AB, Mendes Pereira V, Guenego A, Dmytriw AA. Endovascular therapy versus best medical management in distal medium middle cerebral artery acute ischaemic stroke: a multinational multicentre propensity score-matched study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2024-333669. [PMID: 39043567 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2024-333669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischaemic stroke due to distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) remains uncertain. Our study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EVT compared with the best medical management (BMM) in DMVO. METHODS In this prospectively collected, retrospectively reviewed, multicentre cohort study, we analysed data from the Multicentre Analysis of primary Distal medium vessel occlusions: effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy registry. Patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to DMVO in the M2, M3 and M4 segments who underwent EVT or received BMM were included. Primary outcome measures comprised 10 co-primary endpoints, including functional independence (mRS 0-2), excellent outcome (mRS 0-1), mortality (mRS 6) and haemorrhagic complications. Propensity score matching was employed to balance the cohorts. RESULTS Among 2125 patients included in the primary analysis, 1713 received EVT and 412 received BMM. After propensity score matching, each group comprised 391 patients. At 90 days, no significant difference was observed in achieving mRS 0-2 between EVT and BMM (adjusted OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.50, p>0.99). However, EVT was associated with higher rates of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (8.4% vs 3.0%, adjusted OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.69 to 7.48, p<0.001) and any intracranial haemorrhage (37% vs 19%, adjusted OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.81 to 3.78, p<0.001). Mortality rates were similar between groups (13% in both, adjusted OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.87 to 2.51, p=0.15). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that while EVT does not significantly improve functional outcomes compared with BMM in DMVO, it is associated with higher risks of haemorrhagic complications. These results support a cautious approach to the use of EVT in DMVO and highlight the need for further prospective randomised trials to refine treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Adel Salim
- Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Basel Musmar
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nimer Adeeb
- Neurosurgery, BIDMC, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Nils Henninger
- Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sri Hari Sundararajan
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jane Khalife
- Cooper Hospital University Medical Center, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Radiology Neuroradiology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Luca Scarcia
- Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | | | | | - Robert W Regenhardt
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Aymeric Rouchaud
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hopital Bicetre, Paris Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sunil A Sheth
- Neurology, University of Texas - Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ajit S Puri
- Radiology and Neurosurgery, Univ Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Leonardo Renieri
- Interventional Neurovascular Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | - Julian Spears
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Pessac, France
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Askan Mowla
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pascal Jabbour
- Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Arundhati Biswas
- Neurosurgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Frédéric Clarençon
- Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - James E Siegler
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Neurology, Neurosurgery, Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ricardo Varela
- Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Takahiro Ota
- Radiological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nestor Gonzalez
- Radiology and Neuroradiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Benjamin Gory
- Hôpital Civil Marie Curie à Lodelinsart, Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Constantin Hecker
- Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hamza Shaikh
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - David S Liebeskind
- Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amanda Baker
- Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alessandro Pedicelli
- Radiological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Alexandre
- Radiology and Neuroradiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Erwah Kalsoum
- Neuroradiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Boris Lubicz
- Centre Universitair Bruxelles Hôpital Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Aman B Patel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Adrien Guenego
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Adam A Dmytriw
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Neurovascular Centre, Divisions of Therapeutic Neuroradiology and Neurosurgery, St. Michael Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Xu Y, Liu X, Li H. A comparison of endovascular therapy and medical management in patients with large vessel occlusion mild stroke treated between 2015 and 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107721. [PMID: 38616013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endovascular therapy (EVT) is recommended for patients with acute large-vessel occlusion (LVO) However, its efficacy and safety compared to medical management (MM) in patients with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ≤6 remains unclear. This meta-analysis compared EVT with medical MM in patients with large vessel occlusion mild stroke treated between 2015 and 2023, following the publication of the first randomized controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biomedical database searches (inception to March 21, 2023) retrieved articles reporting favorable functional outcome(modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-1) and functional independence (mRS 0-2), 90-day mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) to maintain methodological rigor and transparency in our meta-analysis. RESULTS We conducted a meta-analysis of 22 studies (4,985 patients) to reveal no significant differences in favorable functional outcomes and independence across all groups. However, in patients treated between 2015 and 2023, EVT exhibited a higher risk of 90-day mortality (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.84, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] [1.10, 3.07], p = 0.02) and sICH (OR = 3.36, 95% CI [1.96, 6.66], p < 0.01). EVT correlated with elevated sICH in the anterior circulation (OR=2.94, 95%CI [1.82, 4.74], p<0.01) regardless of the proximal (OR=2.20, 95%CI [1.04, 4.69], p=0.04) or distal (OR=3.44, 95%CI [1.43, 8.32], p<0.01) location of the occlusion. EVT correlated with elevated sICH rates in patients treated within 6 hours of symptom onset or those with NHISS≤5. CONCLUSION In patients treated between 2015 and 2023, EVT and MM did not differ in efficacy in acute LVO mild stroke; MM associated with better safety outcomes. Rigorous randomized controlled trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Xu
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China.
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6
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Salim H, Lakhani DA, Balar A, Musmar B, Adeeb N, Hoseinyazdi M, Luna L, Deng F, Hyson NZ, Mei J, Dmytriw AA, Guenego A, Faizy TD, Heit JJ, Albers GW, Urrutia VC, Llinas R, Marsh EB, Hillis AE, Nael K, Yedavalli V. Follow-up infarct volume on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging in distal medium vessel occlusions: the role of cerebral blood volume index. J Neurol 2024; 271:3389-3397. [PMID: 38507075 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) contribute substantially to the incidence of acute ischemic strokes (AIS) and pose distinct challenges in clinical management and prognosis. Neuroimaging techniques, such as Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) imaging and cerebral blood volume (CBV) index derived from perfusion imaging, have significantly improved our ability to assess the impact of strokes and predict their outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to investigate relationship between follow-up infarct volume (FIV) as assessed by FLAIR imaging in patients with DMVOs. METHODS This prospectively collected, retrospective reviewed cohort study included patients from two comprehensive stroke centers within the Johns Hopkins Medical Enterprise, spanning August 2018-October 2022. The cohort consisted of adults with AIS attributable to DMVO. Detailed imaging analyses were conducted, encompassing non-contrast CT, CT angiography (CTA), CT perfusion (CTP), and FLAIR imaging. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were employed to assess the association between different factors and FIV. RESULTS The study included 79 patients with DMVO stroke with a median age of 69 years (IQR, 62-77 years), and 57% (n = 45) were female. There was a negative correlation between the CBV index and FIV in a univariable linear regression analysis (Beta = - 16; 95% CI, - 23 to - 8.3; p < 0.001) and a multivariable linear regression model (Beta = - 9.1 per 0.1 change; 95% CI, - 15 to - 2.7; p = 0.006). Diabetes was independently associated with larger FIV (Beta = 46; 95% CI, 16 to 75; p = 0.003). Additionally, a higher baseline ASPECTS was associated with lower FIV (Beta = - 30; 95% CI, - 41 to - 20; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the CBV index as an independent association with FIV in DMVOs, which highlights the critical role of collateral circulation in determining stroke outcomes in this patient population. In addition, our study confirms a negative association of ASPECTS with FLAIR FIV and identifies diabetes as independent factor associated with larger FIV. These insights pave the way for further large-scale, prospective studies to corroborate these findings, thereby refining the strategies for stroke prognostication and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Salim
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dhairya A Lakhani
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aneri Balar
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Basel Musmar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Nimer Adeeb
- Department of Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Meisam Hoseinyazdi
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Licia Luna
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francis Deng
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Z Hyson
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janet Mei
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam A Dmytriw
- Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrien Guenego
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tobias D Faizy
- Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program, University Medical Center, Münster, Germany
| | - Jeremy J Heit
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Gregory W Albers
- Department of Neurology, Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Victor C Urrutia
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raf Llinas
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elisabeth B Marsh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Argye E Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kambiz Nael
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Lim A, Ma H, Johnston SC, Singhal S, Muthusamy S, Wang Y, Pan Y, Coutts SB, Hill MD, Ois A, Kapral MK, Knoflach M, Woodhouse LJ, Bath PM, Phan TG. Ninety-Day Stroke Recurrence in Minor Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Trials and Observational Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032471. [PMID: 38641856 PMCID: PMC11179866 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk of recurrence after minor ischemic stroke is usually reported with transient ischemic attack. No previous meta-analysis has focused on minor ischemic stroke alone. The objective was to evaluate the pooled proportion of 90-day stroke recurrence for minor ischemic stroke, defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale severity score of ≤5. METHODS AND RESULTS Published papers found on PubMed from 2000 to January 12, 2021, reference lists of relevant articles, and experts in the field were involved in identifying relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies describing minor stroke cohort with reported 90-day stroke recurrence were selected by 2 independent reviewers. Altogether 14 of 432 (3.2%) studies met inclusion criteria. Multilevel random-effects meta-analysis was performed. A total of 6 randomized controlled trials and 8 observational studies totaling 45 462 patients were included. The pooled 90-day stroke recurrence was 8.6% (95% CI, 6.5-10.7), reducing by 0.60% (95% CI, 0.09-1.1; P=0.02) with each subsequent year of publication. Recurrence was lowest in dual antiplatelet trial arms (6.3%, 95% CI, 4.5-8.0) when compared with non-dual antiplatelet trial arms (7.2%, 95% CI, 4.7-9.6) and observational studies 10.6% (95% CI, 7.0-14.2). Age, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, or known atrial fibrillation had no significant association with outcome. Defining minor stroke with a lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale threshold made no difference - score ≤3: 8.6% (95% CI, 6.0-11.1), score ≤4: 8.4% (95% CI, 6.1-10.6), as did excluding studies with n<500%-7.3% (95% CI, 5.5-9.0). CONCLUSIONS The risk of recurrence after minor ischemic stroke is declining over time but remains important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Lim
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Emergency MedicineMonash HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Henry Ma
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyMonash HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Shaloo Singhal
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyMonash HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Subramanian Muthusamy
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyMonash HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Shelagh B. Coutts
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology and Community Health SciencesHotchkiss Brain Institute, University of CalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Michael D. Hill
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology and Community Health SciencesHotchkiss Brain Institute, University of CalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Angel Ois
- Servicio de Neurologı’a, Hospital del MarBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Michael Knoflach
- Department of NeurologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lisa J. Woodhouse
- Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical CentreNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip M. Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical CentreNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Thanh G. Phan
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyMonash HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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8
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Chen KC, Chen PH, Jhou HJ. Correspondence on the article ''Endovascular treatment versus medical management for mild stroke with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion: a meta-analysis''. J Neurointerv Surg 2024:jnis-2024-021514. [PMID: 38360062 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2024-021514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chih Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Cente, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jie Jhou
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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9
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Pujara DK, Al-Shaibi F, Sarraj A. Is thrombectomy indicated in all ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion? Curr Opin Neurol 2024; 37:8-18. [PMID: 38054587 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Purpose of this topical review is to examine the current randomized and nonrandomized evidence evaluating endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in selected patient populations with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusions. RECENT FINDINGS After establishing EVT as the first-line treatment in patients with large vessel occlusions and limited ischemic changes on neuroimaging, recent trials successfully demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with large core strokes and those with basilar occlusions up to 24 h of last known well. Nonrandomized evidence in patients with mild stroke severity, baseline disability, medium and distal vessel occlusions and time from last known well >24 h also suggested potential benefit of EVT in selected patients. Further randomized evidence will help establish EVT efficacy and safety in these populations. SUMMARY EVT is established as the de-facto treatment of choice in a significant proportion of patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion and has shown potential benefits in additional patient subgroups. A rigorous risk-benefit assessment and discussions with patients and their families in the absence of randomized evidence should help facilitate an informed, individualized decision-making process for this revolutionary treatment in peripheral patient subgroups with limited evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faisal Al-Shaibi
- University Hospitals Neurological Institute
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Department of Neurology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amrou Sarraj
- University Hospitals Neurological Institute
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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10
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Loh EDW, Toh KZX, Kwok GYR, Teo YH, Teo YN, Goh C, Syn NL, Ho AFW, Sia CH, Sharma VK, Tan BY, Yeo LL. Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke with distal medium vessel occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:e452-e459. [PMID: 36539273 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2022-019717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endovascular therapy (EVT) for distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) is a potential frontier of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment, but its efficacy against best medical therapy (BMT) remains unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of EVT versus BMT in primary DMVO. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase, from inception to August 14, 2022, for studies comparing EVT with BMT in DMVO-AIS. We adopted the Distal Thrombectomy Summit Group's definition of DMVO. Efficacy outcomes were functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2) and excellent functional outcomes (90-day mRS 0-1). Safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 90-day mortality. RESULTS Fourteen observational and two randomized-controlled studies were included, with 1202 patients receiving EVT and 1267 receiving BMT. After trim-and-fill correction, EVT achieved significantly better odds of functional independence than BMT (adjusted OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.43). There were no significant differences in overall excellent functional outcomes (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.71), sICH (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.66), and mortality (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.45). Stratified by EVT method, mechanical thrombectomy±intra-arterial thrombolysis achieved more excellent functional outcomes than BMT (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.23). In mild strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <6), EVT caused significantly more sICH (OR 6.30, 95% CI 1.55 to 25.64). CONCLUSIONS EVT shows promising efficacy benefit over BMT for primary DMVO-AIS. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EVT in DMVO-AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver De Wei Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Keith Zhi Xian Toh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Gabriel Yi Ren Kwok
- Institute of Health Sciences Education, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yao Hao Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yao Neng Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Goh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Andrew Fu-Wah Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Pre-hospital & Emergency Research Centre, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Yq Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Leonard Ll Yeo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Qin B, Zhang Y, Liang S, Liang H, Tang S, Liang Z. Endovascular treatment versus medical management for mild stroke with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion: a meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:e475-e483. [PMID: 36813553 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2022-019959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with mild stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5) and acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (AACLVO) remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To conduct a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of EVT in patients with mild stroke and AACLVO. METHODS EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched until October 2022. Both retrospective and prospective studies which compared the clinical outcomes between EVT and medical treatment were included. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for excellent and favorable functional outcomes, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and mortality were pooled using a random-effects model. A propensity score (PS)-based methods adjusted analysis was also performed. RESULTS 4335 patients from 14 studies were included. In patients with mild stroke and AACLVO, EVT presented no marked differences in excellent and favorable functional outcomes and mortality compared with medical treatment. A higher risk of symptomatic ICH (OR=2.79; 95% CI 1.49 to 5.24; P=0.001) was observed with EVT. Subgroup analysis revealed that EVT had potential benefit for proximal occlusions with excellent functional outcomes (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.82; P=0.05). Similar results were observed when PS-based methods adjusted analysis was used. CONCLUSION EVT did not significantly benefit clinical functional outcomes in comparison with medical treatment in patients with mild stroke and AACLVO. However, it may improve functional outcomes when treating patients with proximal occlusion, despite being associated with an increased risk of symptomatic ICH. Stronger evidence from ongoing randomized controlled trials is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuolin Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huo Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiting Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhijian Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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12
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Parvathy G, Dey RC, Kutikuppala LVS, Maheshwari AR, Josey E, Chintala JS, Abdullah M, Godugu S. Mechanical thrombectomy for AIS from large vessel occlusion - current trends and future perspectives. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:6021-6028. [PMID: 38098569 PMCID: PMC10718368 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is found to be one of the global top causes of mortality and the major factor in years of life with a handicap (DALYs). Ischemic strokes contributed to nearly 70% of all strokes worldwide. For endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel obstruction (AIS-LVO), using stent retrievers and/or reperfusion catheters has become the gold standard of therapy. The methodology involved keyword-based search in databases like PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar for recent publications on mechanical thrombectomy (MT), AIS, large vessel occlusion (Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO)), screening relevant articles, retrieving full texts, and synthesizing key findings on procedural advancements, patient selection, COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) impact, delay effects, effectiveness, clinical outcomes, and future perspectives. Only people with substantial cerebral artery obstruction may do well from MT. This includes the distal carotid artery and the proximal middle cerebral artery (segment M1). The size of a blocked vessel and NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) score are directly connected. Both the 2018 and 2019 versions of the AHA/ASA (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association) Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke contained the recommendations that cases with AIS-LVO get endovascular therapy when administered during the time frame of 0-6 h after onset (Grade IA evidence). It is questionable whether this group of patients can be managed without the need for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator at the onset. When functional independence [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 2] was present at long-term follow-up, the endovascular intervention was favored. Tenecteplase, which differs from alteplase in terms of genetic variation, has a greater half-life and a higher level of fibrin selectivity, enabling bolus infusion. Studies have also demonstrated its efficacy and safety, as well as its long-term cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Parvathy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Rohit C. Dey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia
| | | | - Aakansh R. Maheshwari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Rajasthan, India
| | - Elwy Josey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dubai Academic Health Corporation
| | - Jyothi S. Chintala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dr Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinaoutpalli, Andhra Pradesh
| | | | - Swathi Godugu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zaporozhye State Medical University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
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13
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Yoshii S, Fujita S, Hiramoto Y, Hayashi M, Iwabuchi S. Predictive Value of Acute Neurological Progression Using Bayesian CT Perfusion for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large or Median Vessel Occlusion. JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOVASCULAR THERAPY 2023; 18:1-9. [PMID: 38260039 PMCID: PMC10800166 DOI: 10.5797/jnet.oa.2023-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Objective Since the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute cerebral infarction due to large vessel occlusion has been proven, the time available for treatment has gradually increased. Currently, under certain conditions, treatment is indicated up to 24 h from onset. Based on neurological signs and imaging diagnosis, Stroke Treatment Guideline 2021 recommends initiation of MT within 6-24 h from onset. Herein, we retrospectively investigated the relationship between cerebral perfusion imaging evaluation and prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction due to large or median vessel occlusion. Methods Fifty-one patients diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction due to large or median vessel occlusions in anterior circulation between November 2019 and December 2021 were divided into medical care and reconstructive therapy (including tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA] therapy and MT) groups. The primary outcome was changes in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission and 1 week after onset. Patients in the medical care group were divided into those whose NIHSS did not worsen and those whose NIHSS worsened. Those in the reconstructive therapy group were divided into those whose NIHSS improved and those whose NIHSS did not improve. We evaluated the relationship between improvement factors in acute neurological symptoms and penumbral and core volumes from computed tomography perfusion performed at admission. Results Of 45 eligible patients, 10 received medical care without t-PA or MT and 35 underwent reconstructive therapy, including t-PA and MT. Among the 10 patients in the medical care group, 3 had worsening symptoms and 7 did not. The mean and median (interquartile range [IQR]) penumbra volumes were significantly higher in patients with worsening symptoms than in those without. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed a threshold value of 28.6 mL with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.952. Among the 35 patients in the reconstructive therapy group, symptoms improved for 29 but did not improve for 6. The mean and median (IQR) core volumes were significantly higher in patients whose symptoms did not improve than in those whose symptoms improved. The ROC curve showed a threshold value of 25 mL and an AUC of 0.632. Conclusion Evaluation of penumbra volumes could detect cases with worsening symptoms in cases where medical care was performed, and evaluation of core volumes may detect cases with non-improved symptoms in cases that received reconstructive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yoshii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Hiramoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morito Hayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwabuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Meyer L, Politi M, Alexandrou M, Roth C, Kastrup A, Mpotsaris A, Hanning U, Flottmann F, Brekenfeld C, Deb-Chatterji M, Thomalla G, Kniep H, Faizy TD, Bechstein M, Broocks G, Herzberg M, Feil K, Kellert L, Dorn F, Zeleňák K, Fiehler J, Papanagiotou P. Endovascular treatment of acute tandem lesions in patients with mild anterior circulation stroke. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:e136-e141. [PMID: 36028317 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2022-019239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with mild strokes the risk-benefit ratio of endovascular treatment (EVT) for tandem lesions has yet to be evaluated outside of current guideline recommendations. This study investigates the frequency as well as procedural and safety outcomes in daily clinical practice. METHODS Using data from the German Stroke Registry-Endovascular Treatment (GSR-ET) we analyzed patients with anterior circulation stroke due to tandem-lesions and mild deficits. These patients were defined as ≤5 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Recanalization was assessed with the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Scale (mTICI). Early neurological and long-term functional outcomes were assessed with the NIHSS change and modified Rankin scale (mRS), respectively. Safety assessment included periprocedural complications and the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). RESULTS A total of 61 patients met the inclusion criteria and were treated endovascularly for tandem lesions. The median age was 68 (IQR:59-76) and 32.9% (20) were female. Patients were admitted to the hospital with a median NIHSS score of 4 (IQR:2-5) and a median Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of 9 (IQR:8-10). Successful recanalization (mTICI 2b-3) was observed in 86.9% (53). NIHSS decreased non-significantly (p=0.382) from baseline to two points (IQR:1-9) at discharge. Excellent (mRS≤1) and favorable (mRS≤2) long-term functional outcome at 90-days was 55.8% (29) and 69.2% (36), respectively. Mortality rates at 90-days were 9.6% (5) and sICH occurred in 8.2% (5). CONCLUSIONS EVT for tandem lesions in patients with mild anterior circulation stroke appears to be feasible but may lead to increased rates of sICH. Further studies comparing endovascular with best medical treatment (BMT) especially investigating the risk of periprocedural hemorrhagic complications, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Politi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Bremen-Mitte gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Alexandrou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Bremen-Mitte gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Roth
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Bremen-Mitte gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kastrup
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Bremen-Mitte gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anastasios Mpotsaris
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Uta Hanning
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Flottmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caspar Brekenfeld
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Milani Deb-Chatterji
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Goetz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helge Kniep
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias D Faizy
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Bechstein
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Broocks
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moriz Herzberg
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Katharina Feil
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Kellert
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Franziska Dorn
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kamil Zeleňák
- Clinic of Radiology, Comenius University's Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Papanagiotou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Bremen-Mitte gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Areteion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Feyen L, Katoh M, Haage P, Münnich N, Weinzierl M, Blockhaus C, Rohde S, Kniep HC. Thrombectomy of Mild Stroke : An Analysis of the Nationwide Registry of the German Society for Neuroradiology. Clin Neuroradiol 2023; 33:687-694. [PMID: 36745214 PMCID: PMC10449653 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-023-01262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether patients presenting with mild stroke (NIHSS at admission < 6) should be treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the subject of an ongoing debate. This retrospective study based on large-scale clinical data aims to identify factors associated with favorable outcome (FO) in patients with mild stroke. METHODS A total of 761 patients with mild stroke enrolled between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 in the Quality Registry of the German Society for Neuroradiology were analyzed. The FO was defined as stable or improved NIHSS at discharge vs. admission. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with FO. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis of mild stroke based on distal vessel occlusion was conducted. RESULTS In this study 610 patients had FO with a median NIHSS at discharge of 1 (interquartile range, IQR, 0-2) and 151 had an unfavorable outcome (UO) with median NIHSS at discharge of 10 (IQR 13). Patients with FO had a slightly higher NIHSS at admission (4 vs. 3, p < 0.001), lower mTICI 0 (2.7% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.001), higher mTICI 3 (61.3% vs. 34.5%, p < 0.001) and a lower number of passes (1 vs. 2, p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed for MT-related adverse events. Multivariable logistic regression suggested that NIHSS at admission (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-1.48), mTICI 2b (aOR = 5.44, CI = 2.06-15.03), mTICI 2c (aOR = 10.81, CI = 3.65-34.07) and mTICI 3 (aOR = 11.56, CI = 4.49-31.10) as well as number of passes (aOR 0.76, CI = 0.66-0.88) were significantly associated with FO. No MT-related adverse events were observed for distal vessel occlusions. CONCLUSION The FO in patients with mild stroke undergoing MT was associated with successful recanalization. No significant differences between patients with FO and UO were found for MT-related adverse events, suggesting that MT complications have no significant effects on the outcome of these patients. MT might improve the prognosis also in patients with mild stroke based on distal vessel occlusions without significantly increasing the risk of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Feyen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Lutherplatz 40, 47805, Krefeld, Germany.
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, Heusnerstr. 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Marcus Katoh
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Lutherplatz 40, 47805, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Haage
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, Heusnerstr. 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nico Münnich
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikum Dortmund, Beurhausstr. 40, 44137, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin Weinzierl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Lutherplatz 40, 47805, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Blockhaus
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany
- Heart Centre Niederrhein, Department of Cardiology, Helios Clinic Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Rohde
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikum Dortmund, Beurhausstr. 40, 44137, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Helge C Kniep
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Anagnostopoulos IS, Georgakopoulou VE, Trakas I, Papalexis P, Trakas N, Spandidos DA, Fotakopoulos G. Thrombectomy vs. medical management for large vessel occlusion strokes with minimal symptoms. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:377. [PMID: 37456166 PMCID: PMC10347103 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presenting mild symptoms with a low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤8 and also found to have an intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergo endovascular thrombolysis (ET) or medical management alone. The current study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of medical management vs. ET therapy among patients with mild AIS symptoms (NIHSS score ≤8) accompanied by LVO. The present meta-analysis included articles involving mild AIS, LVO, thrombectomy/ET and medical management alone published in full-text form (from 1980 to 2022). Collected variables included: First author name, covered study period, publication year, the total number of patients and age, number of males, presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, prior ischemic stroke, location, NIHSS of admission, modified Rankin scale, bleeding, morbidity and mortality. After the initial search and applying all exclusion and inclusion criteria, eight articles were left in the final article pool. The total number of patients who underwent ET was 569, compared with 1097 with medical management for LVO strokes with minimal symptoms. The findings of the present meta-analysis study point out that ET management may be associated with a high risk of bleeding and mortality in patients with LVO presenting with mild symptoms (NIHSS score ≤8).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Trakas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Papalexis
- Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Fotakopoulos
- Department of Neurosurgery, General University Hospital of Larisa, 41221 Larisa, Greece
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17
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Tu WJ, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li J, Du J, Zhao J. Intravenous Thrombolysis or Medical Management for Minor Strokes. Thromb Haemost 2023. [PMID: 37037201 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients with minor deficits treated with either intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or routine medical management (MM). METHODS The study included patients with acute ischemic stroke and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of 5 or less who were treated with IVT within 4.5 hours from symptom onset and were classified as the IVT group. The MM group consisted of an equal number of patients with minor strokes, matched for sex, age, and severity, who did not receive thrombolysis. Data on patient information were collected for both groups. RESULTS A total of 26,236 patients were included in this study (13,208 in IVT and 13,208 in MM). Of these patients, 67.9% were men, and the mean age was 67.1 years (standard deviation: 10.9). At 3 months, the IVT group had a higher rate of stroke-independent outcome (Rankin Scale score of 0-2) compared with the MM group (IVT vs. MM: 91.6 vs. 88.6%, absolute difference: 2.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-3.4%, p = 0.008; adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.4, p = 0.003). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in 3-month mortality rates between the IVT and MM groups (IVT vs. MM: 2.1 vs. 2.5%, absolute difference: -0.6%, 95% CI: -1.1 to 0.3%, p = 0.11; adjusted HR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.8-1.2, p = 0.09). CONCLUSION Compared with MM, IVT does not reduce mortality in minor ischemic stroke but improves functional outcomes in minor stroke with an NIHSS score of 3 to 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Tu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital and Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yakun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilai Li
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital and Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichen Du
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital and Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Gupta R, Behnoush AH, Khalaji A, Malik AH, Kluck B. Endovascular Thrombectomy in Basilar-Artery Occlusion Stroke. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 110:113-116. [PMID: 36424272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gupta
- Lehigh Valley Heart Institute, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, USA.
| | | | | | - Aaqib H Malik
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Bryan Kluck
- Lehigh Valley Heart Institute, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, USA
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19
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Lin CH, Saver JL, Ovbiagele B, Tang SC, Lee M, Liebeskind DS. Effects of endovascular therapy for mild stroke due to proximal or M2 occlusions: meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:350-354. [PMID: 35292565 PMCID: PMC10086511 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2022-018662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of endovascular therapy (EVT) in mild acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to proximal versus distal occlusions. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov from January 2000 to September 2021 to identify studies comparing EVT versus best medical management (BMM) in AIS with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores ≤5 due to proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) or M1 versus distal M2 occlusions. We included studies that reported the number of patients with proximal or distal occlusions separately and reported the number of patients with freedom of disability (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-1) or functional independence (mRS score 0-2) at 90 days in proximal or M2 occlusions, respectively. OR with 95% CI was used. RESULTS We identified six studies with 653 proximal ICA and M1 occlusion patients and 666 distal M2 occlusion patients. Pooled results showed EVT versus BMM was associated with a higher rate of being disability-free in patients with proximal occlusions (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.30), but was associated with a lower rate of being disability-free in patients with M2 occlusions (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.99). Effect of EVT in proximal versus distal occlusions was substantially different (P for interaction=0.002). A similar pattern was seen for functional independence (P for interaction=0.05). CONCLUSIONS For patients with mild AIS, observational data suggest that EVT may be beneficial for proximal ICA or M1 but not for distal M2 occlusions. Randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021281034.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Lin
- Neurology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Comprehensive Stroke Center and Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sung-Chun Tang
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng Lee
- Neurology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - David S Liebeskind
- Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Comprehensive Stroke Center and Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Endovascular treatment achieves better outcomes than best medical management in patients with M2 occlusion and high stroke severity: a meta-analysis. J Neurol 2023; 270:2924-2937. [PMID: 36862149 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of randomized evidence makes it difficult to establish reliable treatment recommendations for patients with M2 occlusion. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) with best medical management (BMM) in patients with M2 occlusion, and to investigate whether the optimal treatment varies according to stroke severity. METHODS Comprehensive literature retrieval was conducted to identify studies that directly compared the outcomes of EVT and BMM. According to stroke severity, the study population were classified into those with moderate-severe stroke and those with mild stroke. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores ≥ 6 was defined as moderate-severe stroke, and NIHSS scores 0-5 as mild stroke. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to measure the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 72 h, and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores 0-2 and the mortality at 90 days. RESULTS Totally, 20 studies were identified, including 4358 patients. In the moderate-severe stroke population, the EVT had 82% higher odds for mRS scores 0-2 (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.34-2.49) and a 43% lower odds for mortality (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.39-0.82) compared with the BMM. However, no difference was found in the sICH rate (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.44-1.77). In the mild stroke population, no differences were observed in the mRS scores 0-2 (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.59-1.10) or mortality (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.72-2.10) between EVT and BMM, whereas EVT was associated with higher sICH rate (OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.86-9.49). CONCLUSION EVT may be only beneficial for patients with M2 occlusion and high stroke severity, but not for those with NIHSS scores 0-5.
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21
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Abdelrady M, Derraz I, Dargazanli C, Cheddad El Aouni M, Lefevre PH, Cagnazzo F, Riquelme C, Gascou G, Arquizan C, Mourand I, Ben Salem D, Costalat V, Gentric JC, Ognard J. Complete recanalization predicts favorable outcome in patients with distal M2-M3 middle cerebral artery occlusions following endovascular thrombectomy. J Neuroradiol 2023; 50:230-236. [PMID: 36436611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND - scanty articles illustrate the prognostic factors for favorable outcome after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in distal vessel occlusion (DMVO). Moreover, the current literature is diversified; conglomerating both primary, secondary, and anterior, posterior circulations embolic strokes in the same shell. PURPOSE to identify the association between complete reperfusion and favorable outcome following EVT for DMVO in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. METHODS -we performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained EVT registries at two comprehensive stroke centers between January 2015 and December 2019 for consecutive stroke patients with MCA-DMVO. DMVO was defined as an occlusion of distal M2 and M3 segments of the MCA. Only patients with primary isolated occlusions were included. A multivariate logistic regression was utilized to identify clinical and procedural-related factors associated with the 90-day favorable clinical outcome [defined as modified Rankin score (mRS) 0-2] after EVT. RESULTS -Out of 1823 within the registries; 66 patients (median age was 72 (60-78) and 59% were males) with primary isolated DMVO of the MCA were eligible for inclusion in the current study. Complete reperfusion was achieved in 56% (37/66) of the patients with no difference among the reperfusion strategies while the favorable outcome was observed in 68% (45/66). In the multivariate analysis, final complete reperfusion [modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score 2c-3] was significantly associated with favorable outcome [aOR=7.69; (95% CI 1.73-34.17); p=.01], while higher baseline NIHSS score [aOR=0.82; (95% CI 0.69-0.98); p=.03] and increased imaging to puncture interval [aOR=0.99; (95% CI 0.98, 1.00); p=.01] decreased the probability of the favorable outcome. CONCLUSION according to our results, complete reperfusion was the most significant predictor of the favorable outcome, while higher baseline NIHSS and longer imaging to puncture interval decreased the probability of the favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelrady
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University hospital, Brest, France; Department of Neuroradiology, El-Demerdash university hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Imad Derraz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Dargazanli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Mourad Cheddad El Aouni
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University hospital, Brest, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Lefevre
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Federico Cagnazzo
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Carlos Riquelme
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Gregory Gascou
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Arquizan
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Mourand
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Douraied Ben Salem
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University hospital, Brest, France
| | - Vincent Costalat
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Gentric
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University hospital, Brest, France
| | - Julien Ognard
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University hospital, Brest, France
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22
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Wang P, Chen W, Chen C, Bivard A, Yu G, Parsons MW, Lin L. Association of Perfusion Lesion Variables With Functional Outcome in Patients With Mild Stroke and Large Vessel Occlusion Managed Medically. Neurology 2023; 100:e627-e638. [PMID: 36307224 PMCID: PMC9946183 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The best management of patients with mild stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify perfusion imaging predictors of poor functional outcome in such patients. METHODS This cohort study retrospectively selected patients enrolled in the International Stroke Perfusion Imaging Registry between August 2011 and April 2022. The registry enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke and with baseline CT perfusion scanned within 24 hours of stroke onset. This study identified patients with mild symptoms, defined by an NIH Stroke Scale score of ≤5. Patients with LVO of anterior circulation were selected. This study further selected patients who received medical management and excluded patients who received endovascular treatment. The primary outcome was poor functional outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale of 3-6 at 3 months. Perfusion lesion was defined by delay time > 3 seconds on CTP. Regression analyses were used to identify clinical and imaging variables that predicted poor functional outcome. RESULTS A total of 139 patients with mild stroke were included, of whom 27 (19%) had poor functional outcome. Patients with poor outcome, compared with those with good outcome, had much larger perfusion lesion volume (median 80 mL vs 41 mL, p < 0.001). Perfusion lesion was a significant predictor of poor outcome in either univariable regression (crude OR = 1.02, 95% CI = [1.01-1.03]) or multivariable regression model (adjusted OR = 1.01, 95% CI = [1.01-1.02]), adjusting for occlusion site, good collaterals, baseline stroke severity, age, IV thrombolysis (IVT), and onset to scan time. A perfusion lesion of 65 mL was the optimal cutpoint to identify poor functional outcome (sensitivity = 59%, specificity = 77%). Patients with perfusion lesion ≥65 mL, compared with patients with perfusion lesion <65 mL, showed a much higher rate of poor functional outcome (38% vs 11%, p < 0.001). Of the 139 patients in this study, 95 received IVT. Patients treated with or without IVT did not influence their outcomes (crude OR = 0.74, 95% CI = [0.31-1.78]). DISCUSSION A perfusion lesion of ≥65 mL predicted poor functional outcome in mild stroke patients with LVO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Longting Lin
- From the Department of Neurology (P.W., G.Y.), Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College); Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (W.C.), China; Faculty of Health (C.C., M.W.P., L.L.), University of Newcastle; Melbourne Brain Centre (A.B.), University of Melbourne; and South Western Sydney Clinical School (M.W.P., L.L.), University of New South Wales, Australia.
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23
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Outcomes after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy for low compared to high National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS): A multicenter study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 225:107592. [PMID: 36657358 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients presenting with "minor" stroke is uncertain. We aimed to compare outcomes after MT for ischemic stroke patients presenting with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 5 and - within the low NIHSS cohort - identify predictors of a favorable outcome, mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained, international, multicenter database. RESULTS The study cohort comprised a total of 7568 patients from 29 centers. NIHSS was low (<5) in 604 patients (8%), and > 5 in 6964 (92%). Patients with low NIHSS were younger (67 + 14.8 versus 69.6 + 14.7 years, p < 0.001), more likely to have diabetes (31.5% versus 26.9%, p = 0.016), and less likely to have atrial fibrillation (26.6% versus 37.6%, p < 0.001) compared to those with higher NIHSS. Radiographic outcomes (TICI > 2B 84.6% and 84.3%, p = 0.412) and complication rates (8.1% and 7.2%, p = 0.463) were similar between the low and high NIHSS groups, respectively. Clinical outcomes at every follow up interval, including NIHSS at 24 h and discharge, and mRS at discharge and 90 days, were better in the low NIHSS group, however patients in the low NIHSS group experienced a relative decline in NIHSS from admit to discharge. Mortality was lower in the low NIHSS group (10.4% versus 24.5%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Relative to patients with high NIHSS, MT is safe and effective for stroke patients with low NIHSS, and it is reasonable to offer it to appropriately selected patients presenting with minor stroke symptoms. Our findings justify efforts towards a randomized trial comparing MT versus medical management for patients with low NIHSS.
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24
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Yedavalli VS, Hamam O, Gudenkauf J, Wang R, Llinas R, Marsh EB, Caplan J, Nael K, Urrutia V. Assessing the Efficacy of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with an NIHSS < 6 Presenting with Proximal Middle Cerebral Artery Vessel Occlusion as Compared to Best Medical Management. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020214. [PMID: 36831757 PMCID: PMC9953866 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Minor acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients-defined by an NIHSS score < 6-presenting with proximal middle cerebral artery large vessel occlusions (MCA-LVO) is a subgroup for which treatment is still debated. Although these patients present with minor symptoms initially, studies have shown that several patients afflicted with MCA-LVO in this subgroup experience cognitive and functional decline. Although mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for patients with an NIHSS score of 6 or higher, treatment in the minor stroke subgroup is still being explored. The purpose of this preliminary study is to report our center's experience in evaluating the potential benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in minor stroke patients when compared to medical management (MM). METHODS We performed a retrospective study with two comprehensive stroke centers within our hospital enterprise of consecutive patients presenting with minor AIS secondary to MCA-LVO (defined as M1 or proximal M2 segments of MCA). We subsequently evaluated patients who received MT versus those who received MM. RESULTS Between January 2017 and July 2021, we identified 46 AIS patients (11 treated with MT and 35 treated with MM) who presented with an NIHSS score < 6 secondary to MCA-LVO (47.8% 22/46 female, mean age 62.3 years, range 49-75 years). MT was associated with a significantly lower mRS at 90 days (median: 1.0 [IQR 0.0-2.0] versus 3.0 [IQR 1.0-4.0], p = <0.001), a favorable NIHSS shift (-4.0 [IQR -10.0--2.0] versus 0.0 [IQR -2.0-1.0], p = 0.002), favorable NIHSS shift dichotomization (5/11, 45.5% versus 3/35, 8.6%, p = 0.003) and favorable mRS dichotomization (7/11, 63.6% versus 14/35, 40.0%, p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS In our center's preliminary experience, for AIS patients presenting with an NIHSS score < 6 secondary to MCA-LVO, MT may be associated with improved clinical outcomes when compared to MM only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Srikar Yedavalli
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Omar Hamam
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Julie Gudenkauf
- Department Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rafael Llinas
- Department Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Elisabeth Breese Marsh
- Department Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Justin Caplan
- Department Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kambiz Nael
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Victor Urrutia
- Department Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Ouyang M, Shajahan S, Liu X, Sun L, Carcel C, Harris K, Anderson CS, Woodward M, Wang X. Sex differences in the utilization and outcomes of endovascular treatment after acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 3:1032592. [PMID: 36741299 PMCID: PMC9889638 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.1032592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of sex differences in the use and outcomes of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke report inconsistent results. Methods We systematically searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies examining sex-specific utilization of EVT for acute ischemic stroke published before 31 December 2021. Estimates were compared by study type: randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs (hospital-based, registry-based or administrative data). Random effects odds ratios (ORs) were generated to quantify sex differences in EVT use. To estimate sex differences in functional outcome on the modified Rankin scale after EVT, the female:male ratio of ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from ordinal or binary analysis. Results 6,396 studies were identified through database searching, of which 594 qualified for a full review. A total of 51 studies (36 non-RCT and 15 RCTs) reporting on sex-specific utilization of EVT were included, and of those 10 estimated the sex differences of EVT on functional outcomes. EVT use was similar in women and men both in non-RCTs (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.96-1.11) and RCTs (1.02, 95% CI: 0.89-1.16), with consistent results across years of publication and regions of study, except that in Europe EVT treatment was higher in women than men (1.15, 95% CI: 1.13-1.16). No sex differences were found in the functional outcome by either ordinal and binary analyses (ORs 0.95, 95% CI: 0.68-1.32] and 0.90, 95% CI: 0.65-1.25, respectively). Conclusions No sex differences in EVT utilization or on functional outcomes were evident after acute ischemic stroke from large-vessel occlusion. Further research may be required to examine sex differences in long-term outcomes, social domains, and quality of life. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=226100, identifier: CRD42021226100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Ouyang
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Stroke Division, TheGeorge Institute for Global Health, Beijing, China
| | - Sultana Shajahan
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lingli Sun
- Stroke Division, TheGeorge Institute for Global Health, Beijing, China
| | - Cheryl Carcel
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katie Harris
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig S. Anderson
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Correspondence: Xia Wang
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26
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Palaiodimou L, Kargiotis O, Katsanos AH, Kiamili A, Bakola E, Komnos A, Zisimopoulou V, Natsis K, Papagiannopoulou G, Theodorou A, Zompola C, Safouris A, Psychogios K, Ntais E, Plomaritis P, Karamatzianni G, Mavriki A, Koutsokera M, Lykou C, Koutroulou I, Gourbali V, Skafida A, Roussopoulou A, Kourtesi G, Papamichalis P, Papagiannopoulos S, Gryllia M, Tavernarakis A, Kazis D, Karapanayiotides T, Magoufis G, Giannopoulos S, Tsivgoulis G. Quality metrics in the management of acute stroke in Greece during the first 5 years of Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) implementation. Eur Stroke J 2023; 8:5-15. [PMID: 36793743 PMCID: PMC9923128 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Establishment of a prospective stroke registry may promote the documentation and improvement of acute stroke care. We present the status of stroke management in Greece using the Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) dataset. Methods Consecutive patients with acute stroke were prospectively registered in RES-Q registry by contributing sites in Greece during the years 2017-2021. Demographic and baseline characteristics, acute management, and clinical outcomes at discharge were recorded. Stroke quality metrics, with a specific interest in the association between acute reperfusion therapies and functional recovery in ischemic stroke patients are presented. Results A total of 3590 acute stroke patients were treated in 20 Greek sites (61% men, median age 64 years; median baseline NIHSS 4; 74% ischemic stroke). Acute reperfusion therapies were administered in almost 20% of acute ischemic stroke patients, with a door to needle and door to groin puncture times of 40 and 64 min, respectively. After adjustment for contributing sites, the rates of acute reperfusion therapies were higher during the time epoch 2020-2021 compared to 2017-2019 (adjusted OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.64; p < 0.022; Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test). After propensity-score-matching, acute reperfusion therapies administration was independently associated with higher odds of reduced disability (one point reduction across all mRS scores) at hospital discharge (common OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.45-2.58; p < 0.001). Conclusions Implementation and maintenance of a nationwide stroke registry in Greece may guide the stroke management planning, so that prompt patient transportation, acute reperfusion therapies, and stroke unit hospitalization become more widely accessible, improving the functional outcomes of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology,
“Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Lina Palaiodimou, Second Department of
Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and
Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, Athens 12462, Greece.
| | | | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Second Department of Neurology,
“Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, School of
Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Argyro Kiamili
- Department of Neurology,
Korgialenio-Benakio Greek Red Cross General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Bakola
- Second Department of Neurology,
“Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, General
Hospital Eleusina Thriassio, Eleusina, Greece
| | - Apostolos Komnos
- Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital
of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vaso Zisimopoulou
- Stroke Unit, Athens Euroclinic, Athens,
Greece
- Department of Neurology, 251 Hellenic
Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgia Papagiannopoulou
- Second Department of Neurology,
“Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Theodorou
- Second Department of Neurology,
“Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Zompola
- Second Department of Neurology,
“Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Evangelos Ntais
- Department of Neurology, School of
Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Plomaritis
- Department of Neurology,
Korgialenio-Benakio Greek Red Cross General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Karamatzianni
- Department of Neurology,
Korgialenio-Benakio Greek Red Cross General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andriana Mavriki
- Department of Neurology, General
Hospital Eleusina Thriassio, Eleusina, Greece
| | - Maria Koutsokera
- Department of Neurology, General
Hospital Eleusina Thriassio, Eleusina, Greece
| | - Christina Lykou
- Department of Neurology, General
Hospital Eleusina Thriassio, Eleusina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koutroulou
- Second Department of Neurology,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital,
Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Andromachi Roussopoulou
- Second Department of Neurology,
“Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Tzaneio
General Hospital, Pireaus, Greece
| | - Georgia Kourtesi
- Department of Neurology, General
Hospital of Serres, Serres, Greece
| | | | - Sotirios Papagiannopoulos
- Third Department of Neurology,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki,
Greece
| | - Maria Gryllia
- Department of Neurology, Athens
General Hospital G. Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Kazis
- Third Department of Neurology,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki,
Greece
| | - Theodoros Karapanayiotides
- Second Department of Neurology,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital,
Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- Second Department of Neurology,
“Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, School of
Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology,
“Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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27
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Xue R, Zhong W, Zhou Y, He Y, Yan S, Chen Z, Wang J, Gong X, Lou M. Endovascular Treatment for Minor Acute Ischemic Strokes With Large Vessel Occlusion. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e027326. [PMID: 36533622 PMCID: PMC9798802 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background It remains uncertain whether patients with minor acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion benefit from endovascular treatment (EVT). We aim to evaluate the outcomes of EVT in minor acute ischemic stroke with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. Methods and Results Based on a nationwide prospective stroke registry, patients with minor acute ischemic stroke with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 24 hours of onset were divided into groups receiving standard medical treatment plus EVT or standard medical treatment alone. Primary outcome was excellent functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 1 at 90 days. In addition, a multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of EVT guided by perfusion imaging. A total of 572 patients with median age 68 years (interquartile range=60-77) and median National Institutes of Health Stroke score 3 (interquartile range =2-4) were identified and 123 patients were treated with standard medical treatment plus EVT. EVT was not associated with excellent functional outcome (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.771 [95% CI, 0.516-1.151]; adjusted OR, 0.793 [95% CI, 0.515-1.219]; P=0.290). However, therapy selection guided by perfusion imaging was a modifier of EVT effect on outcomes, as EVT was significantly associated with excellent functional outcome (60.0% versus 50.8%, unadjusted OR, 1.451 [95% CI, 0.643-3.272]; adjusted OR, 2.849 [95% CI, 1.006-8.067]; P=0.049) but not with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the imaging-guided group. Conclusions Although functional outcomes in minor acute ischemic stroke caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion were not improved from the routine use of EVT, our results suggested that EVT guided by perfusion imaging could be beneficial for those patients. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04487340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Wansi Zhong
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yaode He
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shenqiang Yan
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhicai Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jianan Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoxian Gong
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Min Lou
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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Widimsky P, Snyder K, Sulzenko J, Hopkins LN, Stetkarova I. Acute ischaemic stroke: recent advances in reperfusion treatment. Eur Heart J 2022; 44:1205-1215. [PMID: 36477996 PMCID: PMC10079392 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
During the last 5–7 years, tremendous progress was achieved in the reperfusion treatment of acute ischaemic stroke during its first few hours from symptom onset. This review summarizes the latest evidence from randomized clinical trials and prospective registries with a focus on endovascular treatment using stent retrievers, aspiration catheters, thrombolytics, and (in selected patients) carotid stenting. Novel approaches in prehospital (mobile interventional stroke teams) and early hospital (direct transfer to angiography) management are described, and future perspectives (‘all-in-one’ laboratories with angiography and computed tomography integrated) are discussed. There is reasonable chance for patients with moderate-to-severe acute ischaemic stroke to survive without permanent sequelae when the large-vessel occlusion is removed by means of modern pharmaco-mechanic approach. Catheter thrombectomy is now the golden standard of acute stroke treatment. The role of cardiologists in stroke is expanding from diagnostic help (to reveal the cause of stroke) to acute therapy in those regions where such up-to-date Class I. A treatment is not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Widimsky
- Cardiocenter, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady , Ruska 87, Prague 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Kenneth Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | - Jakub Sulzenko
- Cardiocenter, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady , Ruska 87, Prague 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Leo Nelson Hopkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | - Ivana Stetkarova
- Department of Neurology at the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady , Ruska 87, Prague 10 , Czech Republic
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29
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Development and Internal Validation of a Model Predicting the Risk of Recurrent Stroke for Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. World Neurosurg 2022; 168:e418-e431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Sarraj A, Albers GW, Blasco J, Arenillas JF, Ribo M, Hassan AE, de la Ossa NP, Wu TYH, Cardona Portela P, Abraham MG, Chen M, Maali L, Kleinig TJ, Cordato D, Wallace AN, Schaafsma JD, Sangha N, Gibson DP, Blackburn SL, De Lera Alfonso M, Pujara D, Shaker F, McCullough-Hicks ME, Moreno Negrete JL, Renu A, Beharry J, Cappelen-Smith C, Rodríguez-Esparragoza L, Olivé-Gadea M, Requena M, Almaghrabi T, Mendes Pereira V, Sitton C, Martin-Schild S, Song S, Ma H, Churilov L, Mitchell PJ, Parsons MW, Furlan A, Grotta JC, Donnan GA, Davis SM, Campbell BCV. Thrombectomy versus Medical Management in Mild Strokes due to Large Vessel Occlusion: Exploratory Analysis from the EXTEND-IA Trials and a Pooled International Cohort. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:364-378. [PMID: 35599458 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate functional and safety outcomes for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) versus medical management (MM) in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and mild neurological deficits, stratified by perfusion imaging mismatch. METHODS The pooled cohort consisted of patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) < 6 and internal carotid artery (ICA), M1, or M2 occlusions from the Extending the Time for Thrombolysis in Emergecy Neurological Deficits - Intra-Arterial (EXTEND-IA) Trial, Tenecteplase vs Alteplase before Endovascular Thrombectomy in Ischemic Stroke (EXTEND-IA TNK) trials Part I/II and prospective data from 15 EVT centers from October 2010 to April 2020. RAPID software estimated ischemic core and mismatch. Patients receiving primary EVT (EVTpri ) were compared to those who received primary MM (MMpri ), including those who deteriorated and received rescue EVT, in overall and propensity score (PS)-matched cohorts. Patients were stratified by target mismatch (mismatch ratio ≥ 1.8 and mismatch volume ≥ 15ml). Primary outcome was functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale = 0-2). Secondary outcomes included safety (symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage [sICH], neurological worsening, and mortality). RESULTS Of 540 patients, 286 (53%) received EVTpri and demonstrated larger critically hypoperfused tissue (Tmax > 6 seconds) volumes (median [IQR]: 64 [26-96] ml vs MMpri : 40 [14-76] ml, p < 0.001) and higher presentation NIHSS (median [IQR]: 4 [2-5] vs MMpri : 3 [2-4], p < 0.001). Functional independence was similar (EVTpri : 77.4% vs MMpri : 75.6%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82-2.03, p = 0.27). EVT had worse safety regarding sICH (EVTpri : 16.3% vs MMpri : 1.3%, p < 0.001) and neurological worsening (EVTpri : 19.6% vs MMpri : 6.7%, p < 0.001). In 414 subjects (76.7%) with target mismatch, EVT was associated with improved functional independence (EVTpri : 77.4% vs MMpri : 72.7%, aOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.01-2.81, p = 0.048), whereas there was a trend toward less favorable outcomes with primary EVT (EVTpri : 77.4% vs MMpri : 83.3%, aOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.12-1.34, p = 0.13) without target mismatch (pinteraction = 0.06). Similar findings were observed in a propensity score-matched subpopulation. INTERPRETATION Overall, EVT was not associated with improved clinical outcomes in mild strokes due to LVO, and sICH was increased. However, in patients with target mismatch profile, EVT was associated with increased functional independence. Perfusion imaging may be helpful to select mild stroke patients for EVT. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:364-378.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrou Sarraj
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Stroke Division, University Hospitals Neurological institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Jordi Blasco
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F Arenillas
- Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marc Ribo
- Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ameer E Hassan
- Department of Neurology, Valley Baptist Medical Center, Harlingen, TX, USA
| | | | - Teddy Yuan-Hao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael G Abraham
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michael Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laith Maali
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Timothy J Kleinig
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dennis Cordato
- Department of Neurology, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Joanna D Schaafsma
- Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Navdeep Sangha
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel P Gibson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ascension Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Spiros L Blackburn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Deep Pujara
- Stroke Division, University Hospitals Neurological institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Faris Shaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Arturo Renu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Beharry
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Cappelen-Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Marta Olivé-Gadea
- Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Requena
- Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tareq Almaghrabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Clark Sitton
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheryl Martin-Schild
- Department of Neurology, Touro Infirmary and New Orleans East Hospital, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah Song
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Henry Ma
- Department of Neurology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Peter J Mitchell
- Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Mark W Parsons
- Department of Neurology, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Furlan
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Stroke Division, University Hospitals Neurological institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James C Grotta
- Department of Clinical Innovation and Research, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Stephen M Davis
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Bruce C V Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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31
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Sarraj A, Pujara D, Campbell BC. Response to letter by Hsia et al, titled "Advanced imaging for mild stroke patients - selection for acute interventions". Ann Neurol 2022; 92:905. [PMID: 35996896 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrou Sarraj
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Neurology, Stroke, OH, USA.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Neurology, OH, USA
| | - Deep Pujara
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Neurology, Stroke, OH, USA
| | - Bruce Cv Campbell
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Neurology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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32
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Kniep H, Bechstein M, Broocks G, Brekenfeld C, Flottmann F, van Horn N, Geest V, Faizy TD, Deb‐Chatterji M, Alegiani A, Thomalla G, Gellißen S, Fiehler J, Hanning U, Meyer L. Early Surrogates of Outcome after Thrombectomy in Posterior Circulation Stroke. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:3296-3306. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Kniep
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Matthias Bechstein
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Gabriel Broocks
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Caspar Brekenfeld
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Fabian Flottmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Noel van Horn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Vincent Geest
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Tobias D. Faizy
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | | | - Anna Alegiani
- Department of Neurology, Asklepios Klinik Altona Hamburg Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Susanne Gellißen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Uta Hanning
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Lukas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
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Kim BJ, Menon BK, Yoo J, Han JH, Kim BJ, Kim CK, Kim JG, Kim JT, Park H, Baik SH, Han MK, Kang J, Kim JY, Lee KJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Cha JK, Kim DH, Jeong JH, Park TH, Park SS, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi KH, Choi JC, Kim JG, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Yum KS, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Kim C, Lee SH, Lee J, Almekhlafi MA, Demchuk A, Bae HJ. Effectiveness and safety of EVT in patients with acute LVO and low NIHSS. Front Neurol 2022; 13:955725. [PMID: 35989920 PMCID: PMC9389111 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.955725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose There is much uncertainty in endovascular treatment (EVT) decisions in patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) and mild neurological deficits. Methods From a prospective, nationwide stroke registry, all patients with LVO and baseline NIHSS <6 presenting within 24 h from the time last known well (LKW) were included. Early neurological deterioration (END) developed before EVT was prospectively collected as an increasing total NIHSS score ≥2 or any worsening of the NIHSS consciousness or motor subscores during hospitalization not related to EVT. Significant hemorrhage was defined as PH2 hemorrhagic transformation or hemorrhage at a remote site. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was prospectively collected at 3 months. Results Among 1,083 patients, 149 (14%) patients received EVT after a median of 5.9 [3.6-12.3] h after LKW. In propensity score-matched analyses, EVT was not associated with mRS 0-1 (matched OR 0.99 [0.63-1.54]) but increased the risk of a significant hemorrhage (matched OR, 4.51 [1.59-12.80]). Extraneous END occurred in 207 (19%) patients after a median of 24.5 h [IQR, 13.5-41.9 h] after LKW (incidence rate, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.23-1.62] per 100 person-hours). END unrelated to EVT showed a tendency to modify the effectiveness of EVT (P-for-interaction, 0.08), which decreased the odds of having mRS 0-1 in mild LVO patients without END (adjusted OR, 0.63 [0.40-0.99]). Conclusions The use of EVT in patients with acute LVO and low NIHSS scores may require the assessment of individual risks of early deterioration, hemorrhagic complications and expected benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Bijoy K. Menon
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joonsang Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Han
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi Kyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Baik
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si, South Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Heon Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Joong-Goo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mohammed A. Almekhlafi
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew Demchuk
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
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Lee SJ, Hong JM, Kim JS, Lee JS. Endovascular Treatment for Posterior Circulation Stroke: Ways to Maximize Therapeutic Efficacy. J Stroke 2022; 24:207-223. [PMID: 35677976 PMCID: PMC9194547 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2022.00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with posterior circulation stroke has not been proven. Two recent randomized controlled trials failed to show improved functional outcomes after EVT for posterior circulation stroke (PC-EVT). However, promising results for two additional randomized controlled trials have also been presented at a recent conference. Studies have shown that patients undergoing PC-EVT had a higher rate of futile recanalization than those undergoing EVT for anterior circulation stroke. These findings call for further identification of prognostic factors beyond recanalization. The significance of baseline clinical severity, infarct volume, collaterals, time metrics, core-penumbra mismatch, and methods to accurately measure these parameters are discussed. Furthermore, their interplay on EVT outcomes and the potential to individualize patient selection for PC-EVT are reviewed. We also discuss technical considerations for improving the treatment efficacy of PC-EVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Man Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong S. Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Correspondence: Jin Soo Lee Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea Tel: +82-31-219-5175 Fax: +82-31-219-5178 E-mail:
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Derraz I. The End of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator's Reign? Stroke 2022; 53:2683-2694. [PMID: 35506385 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.039287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical thrombectomy is a highly effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke caused by large-vessel occlusion in the anterior cerebral circulation, significantly increasing the likelihood of recovery to functional independence. Until recently, whether intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy provided additional benefits to patients with acute ischemic stroke-large-vessel occlusion remained unclear. Given that reperfusion is a key factor for clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke-large-vessel occlusion and the efficacy of both intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy is time-dependent, achieving complete reperfusion with a single pass should be the primary angiographic goal. However, it remains undetermined whether extending the procedure with additional endovascular attempts or local lytics administration safely leads to higher reperfusion grades and whether there are significant public health and cost implications. Here, we outline the current state of knowledge and research avenues that remain to be explored regarding the consistent therapeutic benefit of intravenous thrombolysis in anterior circulation strokes and the potential place of adjunctive intra-arterial lytics administration, including alternative thrombolytic agent place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Derraz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Guide Chauliac, Montpellier University Medical Center, France
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36
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Pellegrino MP, Guerra FBD, Perissinotti IN. Decision-making strategies for reperfusion therapies: navigating through stroke trials gaps. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:60-71. [PMID: 35976313 PMCID: PMC9491414 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2022-s123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite there being a robust amount of literature and numerous randomized clinical trials regarding acute ischemic stroke treatment, the trials have not included some frequent controversial situations for which decision-making strategies are an urgent and unmet need in clinical practice. This article tries to summarize the current evidence about some selected situations (mechanical thrombectomy in low ASPECTS, low NIHSS with proximal occlusion, acute basilar occlusion, distal and medium vessel occlusion, among others), make suggestions on how to approach them in clinical practice and show what to expect in acute stroke research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Paquesse Pellegrino
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto de Radiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Iago Navas Perissinotti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto Central, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bivard A, Zhao H, Coote S, Campbell B, Churilov L, Yassi N, Yan B, Valente M, Sharobeam A, Balabanski A, Dos Santos A, Ng F, Langenberg F, Stephenson M, Smith K, Bernard S, Thijs V, Cloud G, Choi P, Ma H, Wijeratne T, Chen C, Olenko L, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Parsons M. Tenecteplase versus Alteplase for Stroke Thrombolysis Evaluation Trial in the Ambulance (Mobile Stroke Unit-TASTE-A): protocol for a prospective randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, phase II superiority trial of tenecteplase versus alteplase for ischaemic stroke patients presenting within 4.5 hours of symptom onset to the mobile stroke unit. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056573. [PMID: 35487712 PMCID: PMC9058803 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mobile stroke units (MSUs) equipped with a CT scanner are increasingly being used to assess and treat stroke patients' prehospital with thrombolysis and transfer them to the most appropriate hospital for ongoing stroke care and thrombectomy when indicated. The effect of MSUs in both reducing the time to reperfusion treatment and improving patient outcomes is now established. There is now an opportunity to improve the efficacy of treatment provided by the MSU. Tenecteplase is a potent plasminogen activator, which may have benefits over the standard of care stroke lytic alteplase. Specifically, in the MSU environment tenecteplase presents practical benefits since it is given as a single bolus and does not require an infusion over an hour like alteplase. OBJECTIVE In this trial, we seek to investigate if tenecteplase, given to patients with acute ischaemic stroke as diagnosed on the MSU, improves the rate of early reperfusion. METHODS AND ANALYSIS TASTE-A is a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) phase II trial of patients who had an ischaemic stroke assessed in an MSU within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. The primary endpoint is early reperfusion measured by the post-lysis volume of the CT perfusion lesion performed immediately after hospital arrival. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Royal Melbourne Hospital Human Ethics committee. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at academic conferences and disseminated among consumer and healthcare professional audiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04071613.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bivard
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henry Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
| | - Skye Coote
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bernard Yan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Valente
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angelos Sharobeam
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Balabanski
- Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Dos Santos
- Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felix Ng
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesca Langenberg
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Karen Smith
- Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Thijs
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health - Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Stroke Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Cloud
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Choi
- Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henry Ma
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tissa Wijeratne
- Department of Neurology, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chushuang Chen
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liudmyla Olenko
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen M Davis
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Neurology Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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Tynterova A, Perepelitsa S, Golubev A. Personalized Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Assessment of Patients with Left and Right Hemispheric Damage in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050554. [PMID: 35624940 PMCID: PMC9139366 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading factors of post-stroke disability are motor disorders and cognitive dysfunctions. The aim of the study was to identify and provide a rationale for the variable early cognitive dysfunction in right and left hemispheric damage in patients with acute stroke. The study included 80 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke. All patients were assessed for cognitive status, depression, fatigue and anxiety. For objectification, the method of evoked potentials (P300) and neuroimaging were used. Our findings revealed distinguishing features of cognitive dysfunction and identified a combination of the most informative markers characteristic of right and left hemispheric damage in patients with acute ischemic stroke. In patients with damage to the left hemisphere, a predominance of dysregulation syndrome (decrease in executive function and attention) was revealed, accompanied by various disorders such as severe anxiety and fatigue. The causes of this cognitive dysfunction may be directly related to stroke (damage to subcortical structures), as well as to a preexisting reduction in higher mental functions associated with age and vascular conditions. Cognitive impairments in patients with lesions of the right hemisphere were characterized by polymorphism and observed in the mental praxis, speech (with predominant semantic component) and abstract thinking domains. They are closely linked to each other and are more related to the lateralization of the lesion and preexisting neurodegeneration than to the localization of the ischemic lesion. The study of P300-evoked potentials is a good tool for confirming cognitive dysfunction. The latent period of the P300 wave is more sensitive to neurodegeneration, while the amplitude factor characterizes vascular pathology to a greater extent. The results of the study provide a rationale for a comprehensive assessment of lateralization, stroke localization, underlying diseases, neurophysiological parameters and identified cognitive impairments when developing a plan of rehabilitation and neuropsychological measures aimed at cognitive and emotional recovery of patients both in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and when selecting further personalized rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Tynterova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Alexander Nevsky St., 236041 Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Svetlana Perepelitsa
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Alexander Nevsky St., 236041 Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia;
- V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, 107031 Moscow, Moskovskaya Oblast, Russia;
| | - Arкady Golubev
- V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, 107031 Moscow, Moskovskaya Oblast, Russia;
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Hou X, Feng X, Wang H, Li Q. Mechanical Thrombectomy for Mild Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large-Vessel Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 51:615-622. [PMID: 35378529 DOI: 10.1159/000523838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional prognosis of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for mild acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) is controversial. To explore a more precise estimation, a meta-analysis was conducted. METHODS The relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Collaboration Database until October 2021. The pooled analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias examination were all conducted. The meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 12.0. RESULTS Eleven studies were included with a total of 1,929 subjects, including 794 patients receiving MT and 1,135 patients receiving medical management. The pooled analysis showed that MT might be not associated with functional prognosis among mild AIS with LVO (excellent functional prognosis: risk ratio (RR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94-1.21, p = 0.294; favorable functional prognosis: RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.96-1.06, p = 0.823). The statistical stability and reliability were demonstrated by the sensitivity analysis and publication bias outcomes. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggests that MT may be not associated with functional prognosis of mild AIS with LVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Hou
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Feng
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Huixin Wang
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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Patra DP, Demaerschalk BM, Chong BW, Krishna C, Bendok BR. A Renaissance in Modern and Future Endovascular Stroke Care. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2022; 33:169-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abbas R, Herial NA, Naamani KE, Sweid A, Weinberg JH, Habashy KJ, Tjoumakaris S, Gooch MR, Rosenwasser RH, Jabbour P. Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients Presenting with NIHSS Score <6: A Safety and Efficacy Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106282. [PMID: 34998043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Groundbreaking trials have shown the tremendous efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions. Currently, mechanical thrombectomy is limited to patients with NIHSS scores ≥6. We investigated the feasibility and safety of MT in patients presenting with NIHSS scores <6. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of patient who presented with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion with an NIHSS score <6 between 2015 - 2021. The patients were then divided into two groups: those who received mechanical thrombectomy and those who did not. RESULTS Among 83 patients, 41 received a mechanical thrombectomy while 42 received medical treatment only. The mean age in the mechanical thrombectomy group was 66 years versus 60 years in the medical group (p = 0.06). Risk factors for stroke did not differ significantly between both groups. 14 patients (34.1%) in the mechanical thrombectomy group and 20 (47.6%) in the medical group received tissue plasminogen activator. No significant difference in clinical improvement (NIHSS) at discharge (p=0.85) or the mRS score at 90 days (p = 0.15) was noted. Mechanical thrombectomy was associated with smaller infarct size (p=0.04) and decreased mortality (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Mechanical thrombectomy is safe and effective for patients who present with large vessel occlusions and low initial NIHSS scores. Therefore, the decision to offer the patient mechanical thrombectomy or not should not be decided by NIHSS score alone. Rather, the decision should be multifactorial with the aim of maximizing the patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Abbas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nabeel A Herial
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kareem El Naamani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmad Sweid
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua H Weinberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Stavropoula Tjoumakaris
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Gooch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert H Rosenwasser
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pascal Jabbour
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Rosenbaum-HaLevi D. Trial and Error: Code, Guideline, or Recommendation? Implementation of Endovascular Thrombectomy Trial Data in Clinical Practice and the Future of Endovascular Trial Design. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023083. [PMID: 34779242 PMCID: PMC8751970 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu F, Shen H, Chen C, Bao H, Zuo L, Xu X, Yang Y, Cochrane A, Xiao Y, Li G. Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Stroke Due to Large-Vessel Occlusion Presenting With Mild Symptoms. Front Neurol 2021; 12:739267. [PMID: 34777207 PMCID: PMC8581036 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.739267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), presenting with mild symptoms. Methods: A prospective cohort study of patients with mild ischemic stroke and LVO was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups: MT group or best medical management (MM) group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to reduce the confounding bias between the groups. The primary outcome was functional independence at 90 days. The safety outcome was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent factors associated with outcomes. Results: Among the 105 included patients, 43 were in the MT group and 62 in the MM group. Forty-three pairs of patients were generated after PSM. There were no significant differences in sICH rates between two groups (p = 1.000). The MT group had a higher proportion of independent outcomes (83.7% MT vs. 67.4% MM; OR 2.483; 95% CI 0.886–6.959; p = 0.079) and excellent outcomes (76.7% MT vs. 51.2% MM; OR 3.150; 95% CI 1.247–7.954; p = 0.013) compared to the MM group, especially in patients with stroke of the anterior circulation (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that small infarct core volume (p = 0.015) and MT treatment (p = 0.013) were independently associated with excellent outcomes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MT in stroke patients, presenting with mild symptoms, due to acute LVO in the anterior circulation may be associated with satisfactory clinical outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04526756.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Bao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiahong Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexia Cochrane
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yaping Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Rudilosso S, Ríos J, Rodríguez A, Gomis M, Vera V, Gómez-Choco M, Renú A, Matos N, Llull L, Purroy F, Amaro S, Terceño M, Obach V, Serena J, Martí-Fàbregas J, Cardona P, Molina C, Rodríguez-Campello A, Cánovas D, Krupinski J, Ustrell X, Torres F, Román LS, Salvat-Plana M, Jiménez-Fàbrega FX, Palomeras E, Catena E, Colom C, Cocho D, Baiges J, Aragones JM, Diaz G, Costa X, Almendros MC, Rybyeba M, Barceló M, Carrión D, Lòpez MN, Sanjurjo E, de la Ossa NP, Urra X, Chamorro Á. Effectiveness of Thrombectomy in Stroke According to Baseline Prognostic Factors: Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis of a Population-Based Registry. J Stroke 2021; 23:401-410. [PMID: 34649384 PMCID: PMC8521260 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2021.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose In real-world practice, the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is uncertain in stroke patients with very favorable or poor prognostic profiles at baseline. We studied the effectiveness of MT versus medical treatment stratifying by different baseline prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2,588 patients with an ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion nested in the population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia from January 2017 to June 2019. The effect of MT on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Score ≤2) and survival at 3 months was studied using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis in three pre-defined baseline prognostic groups: poor (if pre-stroke disability, age >85 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >25, time from onset >6 hours, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score <6, proximal vertebrobasilar occlusion, supratherapeutic international normalized ratio >3), good (if NIHSS <6 or distal occlusion, in the absence of poor prognostic factors), or reference (not meeting other groups’ criteria).
Results Patients receiving MT (n=1,996, 77%) were younger, had less pre-stroke disability, and received systemic thrombolysis less frequently. These differences were balanced after the IPTW stratified by prognosis. MT was associated with good functional outcome in the reference (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.4), and especially in the poor baseline prognostic stratum (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.9), but not in the good prognostic stratum. MT was associated with survival only in the poor prognostic stratum (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.3).
Conclusions Despite their worse overall outcomes, the impact of thrombectomy over medical management was more substantial in patients with poorer baseline prognostic factors than patients with good prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rudilosso
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience: Cerebrovascular Diseases, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ríos
- Medical Statistics Core Facility, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gomis
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Germans Trias Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Víctor Vera
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Arturo Renú
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience: Cerebrovascular Diseases, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Matos
- Department of Neurology, Althaia Foundation Hospital, Manresa, Spain
| | - Laura Llull
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience: Cerebrovascular Diseases, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Purroy
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Arnau of Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Sergio Amaro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience: Cerebrovascular Diseases, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Terceño
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Víctor Obach
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Serena
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Martí-Fàbregas
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Cardona
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Molina
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - David Cánovas
- Department of Neurology, Parc Taulí Hospital, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Jerzy Krupinski
- Department of Neurology, Mutua de Terrassa University Hospital, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Xavier Ustrell
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Terragona, Spain
| | - Ferran Torres
- Medical Statistics Core Facility, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis San Román
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Salvat-Plana
- Department of Health, Pla Director Malaltia Vascular Cerebral (Catalan Stroke Program), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Esther Catena
- Department of Neurology, Consorci Sanitari Garraf Hospital, Sant Pere de Ribes, Spain
| | - Carla Colom
- Department of Emergency, Hospital of Igualada, Igualada, Spain
| | - Dolores Cocho
- Department of Emergency, Hospital of Granollers, Granollers, Spain
| | - Juanjo Baiges
- Department of Emergency, Verge de la Cinta Hospital, Tortosa, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Diaz
- Department of Emergency, Hospital of Campdevànol, Campdevànol, Spain
| | - Xavier Costa
- Department of Emergency, Hospital of Figueres, Figueres, Spain
| | | | - Maria Rybyeba
- Department of Emergency, Hospital of Olot, Olot, Spain
| | - Miquel Barceló
- Department of Emergency, Cerdanya Hospital, Puigcerdá, Spain
| | - Dolors Carrión
- Department of Emergency, Hospital of Móra d'Ebre, Móra d'Ebre, Spain
| | | | | | - Natalia Pérez de la Ossa
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Germans Trias Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Health, Pla Director Malaltia Vascular Cerebral (Catalan Stroke Program), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xabier Urra
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience: Cerebrovascular Diseases, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience: Cerebrovascular Diseases, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Hasan TF, Hasan H, Kelley RE. Overview of Acute Ischemic Stroke Evaluation and Management. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1486. [PMID: 34680603 PMCID: PMC8533104 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major contributor to death and disability worldwide. Prior to modern therapy, post-stroke mortality was approximately 10% in the acute period, with nearly one-half of the patients developing moderate-to-severe disability. The most fundamental aspect of acute stroke management is "time is brain". In acute ischemic stroke, the primary therapeutic goal of reperfusion therapy, including intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV TPA) and/or endovascular thrombectomy, is the rapid restoration of cerebral blood flow to the salvageable ischemic brain tissue at risk for cerebral infarction. Several landmark endovascular thrombectomy trials were found to be of benefit in select patients with acute stroke caused by occlusion of the proximal anterior circulation, which has led to a paradigm shift in the management of acute ischemic strokes. In this modern era of acute stroke care, more patients will survive with varying degrees of disability post-stroke. A comprehensive stroke rehabilitation program is critical to optimize post-stroke outcomes. Understanding the natural history of stroke recovery, and adapting a multidisciplinary approach, will lead to improved chances for successful rehabilitation. In this article, we provide an overview on the evaluation and the current advances in the management of acute ischemic stroke, starting in the prehospital setting and in the emergency department, followed by post-acute stroke hospital management and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem F. Hasan
- Department of Neurology, Ochsner Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
| | - Hunaid Hasan
- Hasan & Hasan Neurology Group, Lapeer, MI 48446, USA;
| | - Roger E. Kelley
- Department of Neurology, Ochsner Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
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Mak A, Matouk C, Avery EW, Behland J, Frey D, Madai VI, Vajkoczy P, Malhotra A, Abou Karam A, Sanelli P, Falcone GJ, Petersen NH, Sansing L, Sheth KN, Payabvash S. Similar admission NIHSS may represent larger tissue-at-risk in patients with right-sided versus left-sided large vessel occlusion. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 14:985-991. [PMID: 34645705 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effects of the side of large vessel occlusion (LVO) on post-thrombectomy infarct volume and clinical outcome with regard to admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with anterior LVO who received endovascular thrombectomy and follow-up MRI. Applying voxel-wise general linear models and multivariate analysis, we assessed the effects of occlusion side, admission NIHSS, and post-thrombectomy reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, mTICI) on final infarct distribution and volume as well as discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. RESULTS We included 469 patients, 254 with left-sided and 215 with right-sided LVO. Admission NIHSS was higher in those with left-sided LVO (median (IQR) 16 (10-22)) than in those with right-sided LVO (14 (8-16), p>0.001). In voxel-wise analysis, worse post-thrombectomy reperfusion, lower admission NIHSS score, and poor discharge outcome were associated with right-hemispheric infarct lesions. In multivariate analysis, right-sided LVO was an independent predictor of larger final infarct volume (p=0.003). There was a significant three-way interaction between admission stroke severity (based on NIHSS), LVO side, and mTICI with regard to final infarct volume (p=0.041). Specifically, in patients with moderate stroke (NIHSS 6-15), incomplete reperfusion (mTICI 0-2b) was associated with larger final infarct volume (p<0.001) and worse discharge outcome (p=0.02) in right-sided compared with left-sided LVO. CONCLUSIONS When adjusted for admission NIHSS, worse post-thrombectomy reperfusion is associated with larger infarct volume and worse discharge outcome in right-sided versus left-sided LVO. This may represent larger tissue-at-risk in patients with right-sided LVO when applying admission NIHSS as a clinical biomarker for penumbra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mak
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,CLAIM - Charité Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles Matouk
- Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily W Avery
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonas Behland
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,CLAIM - Charité Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Frey
- CLAIM - Charité Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vince Istvan Madai
- CLAIM - Charité Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,School of Computing and Digital Technology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.,QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anthony Abou Karam
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pina Sanelli
- Radiology, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Guido J Falcone
- Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nils H Petersen
- Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Sansing
- Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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48
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Heit JJ, Muthusami P, Chandra RV, Hui F, Negrotto M, Lee S, Wasserman BA, Abruzzo TA. Reperfusion Therapies for Children With Arterial Ischemic Stroke. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 30:231-243. [PMID: 34613946 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Modern hyperacute reperfusion therapies including intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have transformed the management of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in adults. Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that these therapies enable remarkable improvements in clinical outcome for properly selected patients with AIS. Because pediatric patients were excluded from predicate clinical trials, there is a conspicuous lack of data to guide selection of therapies and inform age-adjusted and pathology-oriented treatment modifications for children. Specifically, technical guidance concerning treatment eligibility, drug dosing, and device implementation is lacking. This review aims to outline important features that differentiate pediatric AIS from adult AIS and provide practical strategies that will assist the stroke specialist with therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Heit
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Ronil V Chandra
- Monash University Medical Center, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Hui
- Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Sarah Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Todd A Abruzzo
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ.,University of Arizona School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ.,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
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49
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De Rubeis G, Pampana E, Fabiano S, Bertaccini L, Cotroneo E, Gasperini C. Stroke: Should we treat images or symptoms? A call for trial. Eur J Radiol 2021; 143:109935. [PMID: 34474217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca De Rubeis
- Department of Diagnostic, UOC Neuroradiology Diagnostic and Interventional, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Pampana
- Department of Diagnostic, UOC Neuroradiology Diagnostic and Interventional, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Fabiano
- Department of Diagnostic, UOC Neuroradiology Diagnostic and Interventional, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bertaccini
- Department of Diagnostic, UOC Neuroradiology Diagnostic and Interventional, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Cotroneo
- Department of Diagnostic, UOC Neuroradiology Diagnostic and Interventional, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neuroscience, UOC Neurology, S Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome Italy
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50
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Guisado-Alonso D, Martínez-Domeño A, Prats-Sánchez L, Delgado-Mederos R, Camps-Renom P, Abilleira S, de la Ossa NP, Ramos-Pachón A, Cardona P, Rodríguez-Campello A, Molina CA, Rudilosso S, Martí-Fàbregas J. Reasons for Not Performing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Population-Based Study of Stroke Codes. Stroke 2021; 52:2746-2753. [PMID: 34289711 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Guisado-Alonso
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine), Spain (D.G.-A., A.M.-D., L.P.-S., R.D.-M., P.C.-R., J.M.-F.)
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Domeño
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine), Spain (D.G.-A., A.M.-D., L.P.-S., R.D.-M., P.C.-R., J.M.-F.)
| | - Luis Prats-Sánchez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine), Spain (D.G.-A., A.M.-D., L.P.-S., R.D.-M., P.C.-R., J.M.-F.)
| | - Raquel Delgado-Mederos
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine), Spain (D.G.-A., A.M.-D., L.P.-S., R.D.-M., P.C.-R., J.M.-F.)
| | - Pol Camps-Renom
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine), Spain (D.G.-A., A.M.-D., L.P.-S., R.D.-M., P.C.-R., J.M.-F.)
| | - Sònia Abilleira
- Stroke Programme, Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain (S.A., N.P.d.l.O.)
| | - Natalia Pérez de la Ossa
- Stroke Programme, Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain (S.A., N.P.d.l.O.)
| | - Anna Ramos-Pachón
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (A.R.-P)
| | - Pere Cardona
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (P.C.)
| | | | - Carlos A Molina
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.)
| | | | - Joan Martí-Fàbregas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine), Spain (D.G.-A., A.M.-D., L.P.-S., R.D.-M., P.C.-R., J.M.-F.)
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