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He A, Li H, Ouyang S, He J, Gong Z, Zhou Q, Wang S, Zhao X. Causal associations of air pollution with rheumatoid arthritis: A transethnic Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307514. [PMID: 39316602 PMCID: PMC11421788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis is a common rheumatic disease, and its onset is closely related to genetic and environmental factors, however, the relationship between air pollution and RA is still hotly debated. Further investigation of the relationship between air pollution and rheumatoid arthritis is conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors of the disease, providing certain value for the clinical prevention and treatment of RA. METHODS We used a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization approach, integrating the large-scale public genomewide association study, to assess the genetically predicted causal effect of air pollution (including: PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides) on RA in European and European East Asian populations, respectively. Indicators related to air pollution (2,505 individuals to 423,796 individuals), including European and East Asian populations were obtained from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit open GWAS project. Published East Asian RA data were also obtained from the IEU open GWAS project (212,453 individuals), while large-scale publicly available European RA data were obtained from finngen R10 (13,621 cases and 262,844 controls). Inverse variance weighting was used as the primary analytical method, complemented by MR-egger, Weighed median, and Weighted mode results. Cochran Q tested for heterogeneity, and MR-Egger regression analyses were performed to test for multiplicity. leave-one-out analysis allowed for the robustness and reliability were assessed. RESULTS No statistically significant effects of PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides and RA were observed in either European or East Asian populations. Results from European data: PM2.5 (IVW OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.27-1.91; p = 0.498; number of SNPs: 5), PM2.5-10 (IVW OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.61-2.40; p = 0.596; number of SNPs: 15), PM10 (IVW OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 0.84-3.39; p = 0.142; number of SNPs: 9), nitrogen dioxide (IVW OR: 3.88; 95% CI: 0.19-77.77; p = 0.375; number of SNPs: 2), nitrogen oxides (IVW OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.16-1.67; p = 0.268; number of SNPs: 4). East Asian data results: PM2.5 (IVW OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.98-1.38; p = 0.086; number of SNPs: 4), PM2.5-10 (IVW OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.95-1.38; p = 0.166; number of SNPs: 2), PM10 (IVW OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.81-1.11; p = 0.503; number of SNPs: 3), nitrogen dioxide (IVW OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76-1.00; p = 0.051; number of SNPs: 6), nitrogen oxides (IVW OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.82-1.14; p = 0.671; number of SNPs: 3). No signs of pleiotropy or heterogeneity were observed in the MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO and Cochrane's Q (p>0.05). In addition, no outliers were found in the MR-PRESSO analysis. The results were further validated by leave-one-out tests, confirming the robustness of the findings. CONCLUSIONS We performed transethnic MR analysis suggesting that there may not be a genetically predicted causal relationship between air pollution and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao He
- Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Plastic Surgery/Kunming First People’s Hospital, Plastic Surgery, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hainan Li
- Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Plastic Surgery/Kunming First People’s Hospital, Plastic Surgery, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shan Ouyang
- Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture people’s hospital, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia He
- Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Plastic Surgery/Kunming First People’s Hospital, Plastic Surgery, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuo Gong
- Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Plastic Surgery/Kunming First People’s Hospital, Plastic Surgery, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhou
- Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Plastic Surgery/Kunming First People’s Hospital, Plastic Surgery, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Songmei Wang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Plastic Surgery/Kunming First People’s Hospital, Plastic Surgery, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Li M, Xue Y, Miao X, Ma P, Kong X, Jin Y, Li Y, Wang W, Zhang Q, Deng Q, Feng F. NLRP12 attenuates ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation by regulating canonical NF-κB Pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115275. [PMID: 37531929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is an important urban air pollutant having strong correlations with respiratory diseases. Several lines of evidence suggest that O3 exposure causes airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation. Inhibitory innate immune receptors, such as NLRP12, have been demonstrated to alleviate inflammation, but the functional role for NLRP12 in O3-induced lung inflammatory inflammation remains to be reported. Here, we determined whether NLRP12 took a protective role in O3-induced AHR and pulmonary inflammation via the suppression of canonical NF-κB. C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 ppm (3 h/day for 5 consecutive days) followed by detection of airway resistance, white blood cells, total proteins, and cytokines. Meanwhile, NLRP12 in lung tissue were detected by real time PCR. Moreover, we also examined protein expression of NLRP12 and key biomarkers of NF-κB pathway. It was shown that 24 h post O3 exposure, AHR as wells as total cells, proteins, and cytokines contents in BALF of mice were increased compare to those of FA controls in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, O3-induced AHR and lung inflammation were associated with significant decrease in pulmonary NLRP12 and upregulation of phosphorylated IRAK1, p65 and IκBα in canonical NF-κB pathway. Intratracheal administration of NLRP12-overexpresing adenovirus 4 days prior to O3 exposure alleviated AHR and lung inflammation, and inhibited canonical NF-κB pathway activation. The findings from this study indicate that NLRP12 attenuates O3-induced AHR and pulmonary inflammation, possibly through regulating canonical NF-κB pathway. This provides a novel target for the prevention and treatment of lung diseases induced by O3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinyi Miao
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Pengwei Ma
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiangbing Kong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Kinesis and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Zhu Q, Liu X, Wu H, Yang C, Wang M, Chen F, Cui Y, Hao H, Hill MA, Liu Z. CARD9 deficiency improves the recovery of limb ischemia in mice with ambient fine particulate matter exposure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1125717. [PMID: 36860276 PMCID: PMC9968734 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1125717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) is a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases largely due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation. Caspase recruitment domain (CARD)9 is critically involved in innate immunity and inflammation. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that CARD9 signaling is critically involved in PM exposure-induced oxidative stress and impaired recovery of limb ischemia. Methods and results Critical limb ischemia (CLI) was created in male wildtype C57BL/6 and age matched CARD9 deficient mice with or without PM (average diameter 2.8 μm) exposure. Mice received intranasal PM exposure for 1 month prior to creation of CLI and continued for the duration of the experiment. Blood flow and mechanical function were evaluated in vivo at baseline and days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post CLI. PM exposure significantly increased ROS production, macrophage infiltration, and CARD9 protein expression in ischemic limbs of C57BL/6 mice in association with decreased recovery of blood flow and mechanical function. CARD9 deficiency effectively prevented PM exposure-induced ROS production and macrophage infiltration and preserved the recovery of ischemic limb with increased capillary density. CARD9 deficiency also significantly attenuated PM exposure-induced increase of circulating CD11b+/F4/80+ macrophages. Conclusion The data indicate that CARD9 signaling plays an important role in PM exposure-induced ROS production and impaired limb recovery following ischemia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Xuanyou Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Meifang Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Zhenguo Liu ✉
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Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127511. [PMID: 35742761 PMCID: PMC9223652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm, as a significant potential danger to human health. PM2.5 is mostly absorbed through the respiratory system, where it can infiltrate the lung alveoli and reach the bloodstream. In the respiratory system, reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and oxidative stress stimulate the generation of mediators of pulmonary inflammation and begin or promote numerous illnesses. According to the most recent data, fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, is responsible for nearly 4 million deaths globally from cardiopulmonary illnesses such as heart disease, respiratory infections, chronic lung disease, cancers, preterm births, and other illnesses. There has been increased worry in recent years about the negative impacts of this worldwide danger. The causal associations between PM2.5 and human health, the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of PM2.5, and molecular pathways have been described in this review.
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Cabral F, Al-Rahem M, Skaggs J, Thomas TA, Kumar N, Wu Q, Fadda P, Yu L, Robinson JM, Kim J, Pandey E, Sun X, Jarjour WN, Rajaram MV, Harris EN, Ganesan LP. Stabilin receptors clear LPS and control systemic inflammation. iScience 2021; 24:103337. [PMID: 34816100 PMCID: PMC8591421 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) cause lethal endotoxemia if not rapidly cleared from blood circulation. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) systemically clear LPS by unknown mechanisms. We discovered that LPS clearance through LSEC involves endocytosis and lysosomal inactivation via Stabilin-1 and 2 (Stab1 and Stab2) but does not involve TLR4. Cytokine production was inversely related to clearance/endocytosis of LPS by LSEC. When exposed to LPS, Stabilin double knockout mice (Stab DK) and Stab1 KO, but not Stab2 KO, showed significantly enhanced systemic inflammatory cytokine production and early death compared with WT mice. Stab1 KO is not significantly different from Stab DK in circulatory LPS clearance, LPS uptake and endocytosis by LSEC, and cytokine production. These data indicate that (1) Stab1 receptor primarily facilitates the proactive clearance of LPS and limits TLR4-mediated inflammation and (2) TLR4 and Stab1 are functionally opposing LPS receptors. These findings suggest that endotoxemia can be controlled by optimizing LPS clearance by Stab1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Cabral
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Mustafa Al-Rahem
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John Skaggs
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thushara A. Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John M. Robinson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ekta Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Wael N. Jarjour
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Murugesan V.S. Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Edward N. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Latha P. Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Nie X, Li H, Wang J, Cai Y, Fan J, Dai B, Chen C, Wang DW. Expression Profiles and Potential Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Heart of Mice With Coxsackie B3 Virus-Induced Myocarditis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:704919. [PMID: 34504807 PMCID: PMC8423026 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.704919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of viral infection and inflammatory responses. However, the roles of lncRNAs in acute myocarditis (AM), especially fulminant myocarditis (FM), remain unclear. Methods FM and non-fulminant myocarditis (NFM) were induced by coxsackie B3 virus (CVB3) in different mouse strains. Then, the expression profiles of the lncRNAs in the heart tissues were detected by sequencing. Finally, the patterns were analyzed by Pearson/Spearman rank correlation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Cytoscape 3.7. Results First, 1,216, 983, 1,606, and 2,459 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified in CVB3-treated A/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, and C3H mice with myocarditis, respectively. Among them, 88 lncRNAs were commonly dysregulated in all four models. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses further confirmed that four out of the top six commonly dysregulated lncRNAs were upregulated in all four models. Moreover, the levels of ENSMUST00000188819, ENSMUST00000199139, and ENSMUST00000222401 were significantly elevated in the heart and spleen and correlated with the severity of cardiac inflammatory infiltration. Meanwhile, 923 FM-specific dysregulated lncRNAs were detected, among which the levels of MSTRG.26098.49, MSTRG.31307.11, MSTRG.31357.2, and MSTRG.32881.28 were highly correlated with LVEF. Conclusion Expression of lncRNAs is significantly dysregulated in acute myocarditis, which may play different roles in the progression of AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Nie
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Dai
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhou J, Wang C, Wu J, Fukunaga A, Cheng Z, Wang J, Yamauchi A, Yodoi J, Tian H. Anti-Allergic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Thioredoxin on Respiratory System Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:785-801. [PMID: 31884805 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The pathogenesis and progression of allergic inflammation in the respiratory system are closely linked to oxidative stress. Thioredoxin (TRX) is an essential redox balance regulator in organisms and is induced by various oxidative stress factors, including ultraviolet rays, radiation, oxidation, viral infections, ischemia reperfusion, and anticancer agents. Recent Advances: We demonstrated that systemic administration and transgenic overexpression of TRX is useful in a wide variety of in vivo inflammatory respiratory diseases models, such as viral pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, by removing reactive oxygen species, blocking production of inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting migration and activation of neutrophils and eosinophils, and regulating the cellular redox status. In addition, TRX's anti-inflammatory mechanism is different from the mechanisms associated with anti-inflammatory agents, such as glucocorticoids, which regulate the inflammatory reaction in association with suppressing immune responses. Critical Issues: Understanding the molecular mechanism of TRX is very helpful for understanding the role of TRX in respiratory diseases. In this review, we show the protective effect of TRX in various respiratory diseases. In addition, we discuss its anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism in detail. Future Directions: The application of TRX may be useful for treating respiratory allergic inflammatory disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 32, 785-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- JieDong Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - CuiXue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - JiaLin Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - ZuSheng Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - JinQuan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nara Prefectural General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Biological Response, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hai Tian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China.,Jiaozhimei Biotechnology (Shaoxing) Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
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The Role and Potential Pathogenic Mechanism of Particulate Matter in Childhood Asthma: A Review and Perspective. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8254909. [PMID: 32411804 PMCID: PMC7201641 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8254909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma, the most common chronic respiratory disease in children, affects numerous people worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM), either acutely or chronically, is associated with the exacerbation and incidence of pediatric asthma. However, the detailed pathogenic mechanisms by which PM contributes to the incidence of asthma remain largely unknown. In this short review, we summarize studies of relationships between PM and pediatric asthma and recent advances on the fundamental mechanisms of PM-related asthma, with emphases on cell death regulation and immune system responses. We further discuss the inadequacy of current studies and give a perspective on the prevention strategies for pediatric asthma.
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Kodavanti UP. Susceptibility Variations in Air Pollution Health Effects: Incorporating Neuroendocrine Activation. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:962-975. [PMID: 31594484 PMCID: PMC9353182 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319878402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Diverse host factors/phenotypes may exacerbate or diminish biological responses induced by air pollutant exposure. We lack an understanding of biological indicators of environmental exposures that culminate in a physiological response versus those that lead to adversity. Variations in response phenotype might arise centrally and/or at the local tissue level. In addition to genetic differences, the current evidence supports the roles of preexisting cardiopulmonary diseases, diabetes, diet, adverse prenatal environments, neurobehavioral disorders, childhood infections, microbiome, sex, and psychosocial stressors in modifying the susceptibility to air pollutant exposures. Animal models of human diseases, obesity, nutritional inadequacies, and neurobehavioral conditions have been compared with healthy controls to understand the causes of variations in susceptibility. Although psychosocial stressors have been associated with increased susceptibility to air pollutant effects, the contribution of neuroendocrine stress pathways in mediating these effects is just emerging. The new findings of neuroendocrine activation leading to systemic metabolic and immunological effects of air pollutants, and the potential contribution to allostatic load, emphasize the consideration of these mechanisms into susceptibility. Variations in susceptibility to air pollution health effects are likely to underlie host genetic and physiological conditions in concert with disrupted neuroendocrine circuitry that alters physiological stability under the influence of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Arora S, Ahmad S, Irshad R, Goyal Y, Rafat S, Siddiqui N, Dev K, Husain M, Ali S, Mohan A, Syed MA. TLRs in pulmonary diseases. Life Sci 2019; 233:116671. [PMID: 31336122 PMCID: PMC7094289 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a clan of proteins involved in identification and triggering a suitable response against pathogenic attacks. As lung is steadily exposed to multiple infectious agents, antigens and host-derived danger signals, the inhabiting stromal and myeloid cells of the lung express an aggregate of TLRs which perceive the endogenously derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) along with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger the TLR-associated signalling events involved in host defence. Thus, they form an imperative component of host defence activation in case of microbial infections as well as non-infectious pulmonary disorders such as interstitial lung disease, acute lung injury and airways disease, such as COPD and asthma. They also play an equally important role in lung cancer. Targeting the TLR signalling network would pave ways to the design of more reliable and effective vaccines against infectious agents and control deadly infections, desensitize allergens and reduce inflammation. Moreover, TLR agonists may act as adjuvants by increasing the efficiency of cancer vaccines, thereby contributing their role in treatment of lung cancer too. Overall, TLRs present a compelling and expeditiously bolstered area of research and addressing their signalling events would be of significant use in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Arora
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shaniya Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rasha Irshad
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Yamini Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sahar Rafat
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Neha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammad Husain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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Flayer CH, Ge MQ, Hwang JW, Kokalari B, Redai IG, Jiang Z, Haczku A. Ozone Inhalation Attenuated the Effects of Budesonide on Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced Airway Inflammation and Hyperreactivity in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2173. [PMID: 31572383 PMCID: PMC6753328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled glucocorticoids form the mainstay of asthma treatment because of their anti-inflammatory effects in the lung. Exposure to the air pollutant ozone (O3) exacerbates chronic airways disease. We and others showed that presence of the epithelial-derived surfactant protein-D (SP-D) is important in immunoprotection against inflammatory changes including those induced by O3 inhalation in the airways. SP-D synthesis requires glucocorticoids. We hypothesized here that O3 exposure impairs glucocorticoid responsiveness (including SP-D production) in allergic airway inflammation. The effects of O3 inhalation and glucocorticoid treatment were studied in a mouse model of allergic asthma induced by sensitization and challenge with Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) in vivo. The role of O3 and glucocorticoids in regulation of SP-D expression was investigated in A549 and primary human type II alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. Budesonide inhibited airway hyperreactivity, eosinophil counts in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and CCL11, IL-13, and IL-23p19 release in the BAL of mice sensitized and challenged with Af (p < 0.05). The inhibitory effects of budesonide were attenuated on inflammatory changes and were completely abolished on airway hyperreactivity after O3 exposure of mice sensitized and challenged with Af. O3 stimulated release of pro-neutrophilic mediators including CCL20 and IL-6 into the airways and impaired the inhibitory effects of budesonide on CCL11, IL-13 and IL-23. O3 also prevented budesonide-induced release of the immunoprotective lung collectin SP-D into the airways of allergen-challenged mice. O3 had a bi-phasic direct effect with early (<12 h) inhibition and late (>48 h) activation of SP-D mRNA (sftpd) in vitro. Dexamethasone and budesonide induced sftpd transcription and translation in human type II alveolar epithelial cells in a glucocorticoid receptor and STAT3 (an IL-6 responsive transcription factor) dependent manner. Our study indicates that O3 exposure counteracts the effects of budesonide on airway inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and SP-D production. We speculate that impairment of SP-D expression may contribute to the acute O3-induced airway inflammation. Asthmatics exposed to high ambient O3 levels may become less responsive to glucocorticoid treatment during acute exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron H Flayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Moyar Q Ge
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin W Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Blerina Kokalari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Imre G Redai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Angela Haczku
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Laskin DL, Malaviya R, Laskin JD. Role of Macrophages in Acute Lung Injury and Chronic Fibrosis Induced by Pulmonary Toxicants. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:287-301. [PMID: 30590802 PMCID: PMC6432864 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A diverse group of toxicants has been identified that cause injury to the lung including gases (eg, ozone, chlorine), particulates/aerosols (eg, diesel exhaust, fly ash, other combustion products, mustards, nanomaterials, silica, asbestos), chemotherapeutics (eg, bleomycin), and radiation. The pathologic response to these toxicants depends on the dose and duration of exposure and their physical/chemical properties. A common response to pulmonary toxicant exposure is an accumulation of proinflammatory/cytotoxic M1 macrophages at sites of tissue injury, followed by the appearance of anti-inflammatory/wound repair M2 macrophages. It is thought that the outcome of the pathogenic responses to toxicants depends on the balance in the activity of these macrophage subpopulations. Overactivation of either M1 or M2 macrophages leads to injury and disease pathogenesis. Thus, the very same macrophage-derived mediators, released in controlled amounts to destroy injurious materials and pathogens (eg, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, proteases, tumor necrosis factor α) and initiate wound repair (eg, transforming growth factor β, connective tissue growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor), can exacerbate acute lung injury and/or induce chronic disease such as fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, when released in excess. This review focuses on the role of macrophage subsets in acute lung injury and chronic fibrosis. Understanding how these pathologies develop following exposure to toxicants, and the contribution of resident and inflammatory macrophages to disease pathogenesis may lead to the development of novel approaches for treating lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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13
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Xu F, Qiu X, Hu X, Shang Y, Pardo M, Fang Y, Wang J, Rudich Y, Zhu T. Effects on IL-1β signaling activation induced by water and organic extracts of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018. [PMID: 29525626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution poses a major risk to human health worldwide, and absorbed chemicals play a key role in determining the toxicity of PM2.5. After inhalation and entry into the lungs, PM2.5 components induce pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-1β) in pulmonary cells. To test whether PM2.5 components induce IL-1β through signing pathways that include the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB), nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3), we exposed the mouse macrophage cell-line RAW264.7 to both water and organic extracts of PM2.5 sampled over a 1-year period in Beijing, China. Varying degrees of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses were induced following exposure, while organic extracts of PM2.5 collected during the heating season induced more significant responses. This response is attributed to high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originating from coal combustion and biomass burning for domestic heating. The inhibition of signaling molecules suggested that increased IL-1β was associated with the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, with a slightly difference between water and organic extracts exposure groups, which was likely the result of different chemical components. Our study elucidated a potentially important mechanism by which PM2.5 components could trigger pulmonary inflammation, thus improving our understanding of the deleterious effects of this important and prevalent form of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Xinyan Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yu Shang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yanhua Fang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Junxia Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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14
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Rao X, Zhong J, Brook RD, Rajagopalan S. Effect of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Oxidative Stress Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:797-818. [PMID: 29084451 PMCID: PMC5831906 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a leading cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Understanding the biological action of PM is of particular importance in improvement of public health. Recent Advances: Both fine (PM <2.5 μM) and ultrafine particles (<0.1 μM) are widely believed to mediate their effects through redox regulated pathways. A rather simplistic graded ramp model of redox stress has been replaced by a more sophisticated understanding of the role of oxidative stress in signaling, and the realization that many of the observed effects may involve disruption and/or enhancement of normal endogenous redox signaling and induction of a potent immune-mediated response, through entrainment of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS). CRITICAL ISSUES The molecular events by which pulmonary oxidative stress in response to inhalational exposure to air pollution triggers inflammation, major ROS (e.g., superoxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite) generated in air pollution exposure, types of oxidative tissue damage in target organs, contributions of nonimmune and immune cells in inflammation, and the role of protective proteins (e.g., surfactant, proteins, and antioxidants) are highly complex and may differ depending on models and concomitant disease states. FUTURE DIRECTIONS While the role of oxidative stress in the lung has been well demonstrated, the role of oxidative stress in mediating systemic effects especially in inflammation and injury processes needs further work. The role of antioxidant defenses with chronic exposure will also need further exploration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 797-818.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Rao
- 1 Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jixin Zhong
- 1 Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert D Brook
- 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- 1 Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Ansari AR, Ge XH, Huang HB, Huang XY, Zhao X, Peng KM, Zhong JM, Liu HZ. Effects of lipopolysaccharide on the histomorphology and expression of toll-like receptor 4 in the chicken trachea and lung. Avian Pathol 2018; 45:530-7. [PMID: 27009347 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1168923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure can cause injury to the respiratory airways and in response, the respiratory epithelia express toll-like receptors (TLRs) in many species. However, its role in the innate immunity in the avian respiratory system is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LPS on the chicken trachea and lung. After intraperitoneal LPS or saline injection, the trachea and lungs were harvested at 0, 12, 36 and 72 h (n = 6 at each time point) and histopathologically analysed using haematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining, while TLR4 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After LPS stimulation, we observed a remarkable decrease in the number of goblet cells along with obvious disruption and desquamation of the ciliated epithelium in the trachea, blurring of the boundary between pulmonary lobules, narrowed or indistinguishable lumen of the pulmonary atria and leukostasis in the lungs. Following LPS stimulation, TLR4 protein expression was up-regulated in both the trachea and the lungs and was found on the ciliated columnar cells as well as in the submucosa of the trachea, and in the lungs on parenchymal and immune cells. However, SIgA levels were only up-regulated in the trachea at 12 h following LPS stimulation. Hence, this report provides novel information about the effects of LPS on the microstructure of the lower respiratory tract and it is concluded that its intra-peritoneal administration leads to TLR4-mediated destruction of the tracheal epithelium and pulmonary inflammation along with increased SIgA expression in the tracheal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman Ansari
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,b Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences , College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS), Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS) , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Xiao-Hong Ge
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Huang
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yao Huang
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhao
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Mei Peng
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Ming Zhong
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,c Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology , College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Hua-Zhen Liu
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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16
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Mishra V, Banga J, Silveyra P. Oxidative stress and cellular pathways of asthma and inflammation: Therapeutic strategies and pharmacological targets. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 181:169-182. [PMID: 28842273 PMCID: PMC5743757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. The mechanisms associated with the development and progression of asthma have been widely studied in multiple populations and animal models, and these have revealed involvement of various cell types and activation of intracellular signaling pathways that result in activation of inflammatory genes. Significant contributions of Toll-like-receptors (TLRs) and transcription factors such as NF-кB, have been reported as major contributors to inflammatory pathways. These have also recently been associated with mechanisms of oxidative biology. This is of important clinical significance as the observed inefficacy of current available treatments for severe asthma is widely attributed to oxidative stress. Therefore, targeting oxidizing molecules in conjunction with inflammatory mediators and transcription factors may present a novel therapeutic strategy for asthma. In this review, we summarize TLRs and NF-кB pathways in the context of exacerbation of asthma pathogenesis and oxidative biology, and we discuss the potential use of polyphenolic flavonoid compounds, known to target these pathways and possess antioxidant activity, as potential therapeutic agents for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Mishra
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jaspreet Banga
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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17
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Williams MA, Cheadle C, Watkins T, Tailor A, Killedar S, Breysse P, Barnes KC, Georas SN. TLR2 and TLR4 as Potential Biomarkers of Environmental Particulate Matter Exposed Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190700200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In many subjects who are genetically susceptible to asthma, exposure to environmental stimuli may exacerbate their condition. However, it is unknown how the expression and function of a family of pattern-recognition receptors called toll-like receptors (TLR) are affected by exposure to particulate pollution. TLRs serve a critical function in alerting the immune system of tissue damage or infection—the so-called “danger signals”. We are interested in the role that TLRs play in directing appropriate responses by innate immunity, particularly dendritic cells (DC), after exposing them to particulate pollution. Dendritic cells serve a pivotal role in directing host immunity. Thus, we hypothesized that alterations in TLR expression could be further explored as potential biomarkers of effect related to DC exposure to particulate pollution. We show some preliminary data that indicates that inhaled particulate pollution acts directly on DC by down-regulating TLR expression and altering the activation state of DC. While further studies are warranted, we suggest that alterations in TLR2 and TLR4 expression should be explored as potential biomarkers of DC exposure to environmental particulate pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Williams
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rochester, New York, U.S.A
| | - Chris Cheadle
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Tonya Watkins
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Anitaben Tailor
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Smruti Killedar
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rochester, New York, U.S.A
| | - Patrick Breysse
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen C. Barnes
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Steve N. Georas
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rochester, New York, U.S.A
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18
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Athari SS, Athari SM, Beyzay F, Movassaghi M, Mortaz E, Taghavi M. Critical role of Toll-like receptors in pathophysiology of allergic asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 808:21-27. [PMID: 27894811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is an airway disease, characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction, chronic inflammation of the airway, and thickness of smooth muscle in the respiratory tract. Asthma is orchestrated by an excessive Th2-adaptive immune response, in which innate immunity plays a key role. Recently TLRs have received more and more attention as they are central to orchestrate the innate immune responses. TLRs are localized as integral membrane or intracellular glycoproteins with those on the cell surface sensing microbial antigens and the ones, localized in intracellular vesicles, sensing microbial nucleic acid species. Having recognized microbial antigens, TLRs conduct the immune response towards a pro- or anti-allergy response. As a double-edged sword, they could initiate either harmful or helpful responses by the immune system in case of allergic asthma. In the current review, we will describe the role of TLRs and their signaling pathways in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Health policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fateme Beyzay
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Movassaghi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Taghavi
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Ong CB, Kumagai K, Brooks PT, Brandenberger C, Lewandowski RP, Jackson-Humbles DN, Nault R, Zacharewski TR, Wagner JG, Harkema JR. Ozone-Induced Type 2 Immunity in Nasal Airways. Development and Lymphoid Cell Dependence in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 26203683 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0165oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation exposures to ozone commonly encountered in photochemical smog cause airway injury and inflammation. Elevated ambient ozone concentrations have been epidemiologically associated with nasal airway activation of neutrophils and eosinophils. In the present study, we elucidated the temporal onset and lymphoid cell dependency of eosinophilic rhinitis and associated epithelial changes in mice repeatedly exposed to ozone. Lymphoid cell-sufficient C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0 or 0.5 parts per million (ppm) ozone for 1, 2, 4, or 9 consecutive weekdays (4 h/d). Lymphoid cell-deficient, Rag2(-/-)Il2rg(-/-) mice were similarly exposed for 9 weekdays. Nasal tissues were taken at 2 or 24 hours after exposure for morphometric and gene expression analyses. C57BL/6 mice exposed to ozone for 1 day had acute neutrophilic rhinitis, with airway epithelial necrosis and overexpression of mucosal Ccl2 (MCP-1), Ccl11 (eotaxin), Cxcl1 (KC), Cxcl2 (MIP-2), Hmox1, Il1b, Il5, Il6, Il13, and Tnf mRNA. In contrast, 9-day ozone exposure elicited type 2 immune responses in C57BL/6 mice, with mucosal mRNA overexpression of Arg1, Ccl8 (MCP-2), Ccl11, Chil4 (Ym2), Clca1 (Gob5), Il5, Il10, and Il13; increased density of mucosal eosinophils; and nasal epithelial remodeling (e.g., hyperplasia/hypertrophy, mucous cell metaplasia, hyalinosis, and increased YM1/YM2 proteins). Rag2(-/-)Il2rg(-/-) mice exposed to ozone for 9 days, however, had no nasal pathology or overexpression of transcripts related to type 2 immunity. These results provide a plausible paradigm for the activation of eosinophilic inflammation and type 2 immunity found in the nasal airways of nonatopic individuals subjected to episodic exposures to high ambient ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Bing Ong
- 1 Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rance Nault
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Timothy R Zacharewski
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - James G Wagner
- 1 Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
| | - Jack R Harkema
- 1 Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
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20
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Clay E, Patacchini R, Trevisani M, Preti D, Branà MP, Spina D, Page C. Ozone-Induced Hypertussive Responses in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:73-83. [PMID: 26837703 PMCID: PMC4977573 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cough remains a major unmet clinical need, and preclinical animal models are not predictive for new antitussive agents. We have investigated the mechanisms and pharmacological sensitivity of ozone-induced hypertussive responses in rabbits and guinea pigs. Ozone induced a significant increase in cough frequency and a decrease in time to first cough to inhaled citric acid in both conscious guinea pigs and rabbits. This response was inhibited by the established antitussive drugs codeine and levodropropizine. In contrast to the guinea pig, hypertussive responses in the rabbit were not inhibited by bronchodilator drugs (β2 agonists or muscarinic receptor antagonists), suggesting that the observed hypertussive state was not secondary to bronchoconstriction in this species. The ozone-induced hypertussive response in the rabbit was inhibited by chronic pretreatment with capsaicin, suggestive of a sensitization of airway sensory nerve fibers. However, we could find no evidence for a role of TRPA1 in this response, suggesting that ozone was not sensitizing airway sensory nerves via activation of this receptor. Whereas the ozone-induced hypertussive response was accompanied by a significant influx of neutrophils into the airway, the hypertussive response was not inhibited by the anti-inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast at a dose that clearly exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, our results suggest that ozone-induced hypertussive responses to citric acid may provide a useful model for the investigation of novel drugs for the treatment of cough, but some important differences were noted between the two species with respect to sensitivity to bronchodilator drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emlyn Clay
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Riccardo Patacchini
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Marcello Trevisani
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Delia Preti
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Maria Pia Branà
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Domenico Spina
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
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21
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Ferreira TPT, Mariano LL, Ghilosso-Bortolini R, de Arantes ACS, Fernandes AJ, Berni M, Cecchinato V, Uguccioni M, Maj R, Barberis A, Silva PMRE, Martins MA. Potential of PEGylated Toll-Like Receptor 7 Ligands for Controlling Inflammation and Functional Changes in Mouse Models of Asthma and Silicosis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:95. [PMID: 27014274 PMCID: PMC4786742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior investigations show that signaling activation through pattern recognition receptors can directly impact a number of inflammatory lung diseases. While toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonists have raised interest for their ability to inhibit allergen-induced pathological changes in experimental asthma conditions, the putative benefit of this treatment is limited by adverse effects. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of two PEGylated purine-like compounds, TMX-302 and TMX-306, characterized by TLR7 partial agonistic activity; therefore, the compounds are expected to induce lower local and systemic adverse reactions. In vitro approaches and translation to murine models of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases were explored. In vitro studies with human PBMCs showed that both TMX-302 and TMX-306 marginally affects cytokine production as compared with equivalent concentrations of the TLR7 full agonist, TMX-202. The PEGylated compounds did not induce monocyte-derived DC maturation or B cell proliferation, differently from what observed after stimulation with TMX-202. Impact of PEGylated ligands on lung function and inflammatory changes was studied in animal models of acute lung injury, asthma, and silicosis following Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), allergen (ovalbumin), and silica inhalation, respectively. Subcutaneous injection of TMX-302 prevented LPS- and allergen-induced airway hyper-reactivity (AHR), leukocyte infiltration, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. However, intranasal instillation of TMX-302 led to neutrophil infiltration and failed to prevent allergen-induced AHR, despite inhibiting leukocyte counts in the BAL. Aerosolized TMX-306 given prophylactically, but not therapeutically, inhibited pivotal asthma features. Interventional treatment with intranasal instillation of TMX-306 significantly reduced the pulmonary fibrogranulomatous response and the number of silica particles in lung interstitial space in silicotic mice. These findings highlight the potential of TMX-306, emphasizing its value in drug development for lung diseases, and particularly silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lívia Lacerda Mariano
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Michelle Berni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cecchinato
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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22
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Gabehart K, Correll KA, Loader JE, White CW, Dakhama A. The lung response to ozone is determined by age and is partially dependent on toll-Like receptor 4. Respir Res 2015; 16:117. [PMID: 26410792 PMCID: PMC4583721 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ozone pollution has adverse effects on respiratory health in children and adults. This study was carried out in the mouse model to investigate the influence of age and to define the role of toll-like receptor four (TLR4) in the lung response to ozone exposure during postnatal development. Methods Female mice (1 to 6 weeks of age) were exposed for 3 h to ozone (1 part per million) or filtered air. Analyses were carried out at six and 24 h after completion of exposure, to assess the effects on lung permeability, airway neutrophilia, expression of antioxidants and chemokines, and mucus production. The role of TLR4 was defined by examining TLR4 expression in the lung during development, and by investigating the response to ozone in tlr4-deficient mice. Results Metallothionein-1, calcitonin gene-related product, and chemokine C-X-C ligand (CXCL) five were consistent markers induced by ozone throughout development. Compared with adults, neonates expressed lower levels of pulmonary TLR4 and responded with increased mucus production, and developed an attenuated response to ozone characterized by reduced albumin leakage and neutrophil influx into the airways, and lower expression of CXCL1 and CXCL2 chemokines. Examination of the responses in tlr4-deficient mice indicated that ozone-mediated airway neutrophilia, but not albumin leakage or mucus production were dependent on TLR4. Conclusions Collectively, the data demonstrate that the response to ozone is determined by age and is partially dependent on TLR4 signaling. The reduced responsiveness of the neonatal lung to ozone may be due at least in part to insufficient pulmonary TLR4 expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0279-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsa Gabehart
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA
| | - Kelly A Correll
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA
| | - Joan E Loader
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA.,Current address: University of Colorado Denver, Children's Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carl W White
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA.,Current address: University of Colorado Denver, Children's Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Azzeddine Dakhama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA.
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23
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Micera A, Balzamino BO, Zazzo AD, Biamonte F, Sica G, Bonini S. Toll-Like Receptors and Tissue Remodeling: The Pro/Cons Recent Findings. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:531-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Campus Bio-Medico; Rome Italy
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Institute of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Institute of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Bonini
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Campus Bio-Medico; Rome Italy
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24
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Buckley B, Farraj A. Conceptual model for assessing criteria air pollutants in a multipollutant context: A modified adverse outcome pathway approach. Toxicology 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Xu C, Chen G, Yang W, Xu Y, Xu Y, Huang X, Liu J, Feng Y, Xu Y, Liu B. Hyaluronan ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-dependent signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:1050-8. [PMID: 26321117 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling has been implicated in innate immunity and acute inflammation following acute lung injury (ALI). As such, modulating inflammatory response through TLR4 represents an attractive therapeutic approach to treat ALI. Increasing evidence demonstrates that hyaluronan (HA) can modulate TLR4 activation and has shown early promise as a therapeutic agent in ALI. However, the mechanism associated with HA has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we sought to determine the effects of HA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response and gain insights into the mechanism of action in mice with intratracheal instillation of LPS. Our results demonstrate that in contrast to mice challenged with LPS, pretreatment with HA significantly inhibited inflammatory cell recruitment, attenuated lung injury and suppressed the level of cytokine/chemokine in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Investigation of the mechanism responsible for inhibition of LPS activation showed HA treatment significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and protein expression of myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88) and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK activation in lung tissue. Furthermore, we compared the protection effect of HA in TLR4-deficient mice with those of genetically matched wild type (WT) mice in an acute model of lung injury. However, in TLR4-deficient mice, HA pretreatment before LPS instillation fail to affect the LPS response. Therefore, our findings suggest that HA pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced ALI and the anti-inflammatory function of HA was partial dependent on TLR4, which shed new light on potential elements that regulate the lung injury response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xu
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Wen Zhou Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Wen Zhou Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Wen Zhou Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yizhe Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yongfang Xu
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Wen Zhou Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xuqing Huang
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Wen Zhou Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuejuan Feng
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Wen Zhou Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yanchun Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, WV 26506, USA
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
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26
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Florsheim E, Yu S, Bragatto I, Faustino L, Gomes E, Ramos RN, Barbuto JAM, Medzhitov R, Russo M. Integrated innate mechanisms involved in airway allergic inflammation to the serine protease subtilisin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4621-30. [PMID: 25876764 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are recognized environmental allergens, but little is known about the mechanisms responsible for sensing enzyme activity and initiating the development of allergic inflammation. Because usage of the serine protease subtilisin in the detergent industry resulted in an outbreak of occupational asthma in workers, we sought to develop an experimental model of allergic lung inflammation to subtilisin and to determine the immunological mechanisms involved in type 2 responses. By using a mouse model of allergic airway disease, we have defined in this study that s.c. or intranasal sensitization followed by airway challenge to subtilisin induces prototypic allergic lung inflammation, characterized by airway eosinophilia, type 2 cytokine release, mucus production, high levels of serum IgE, and airway reactivity. These allergic responses were dependent on subtilisin protease activity, protease-activated receptor-2, IL-33R ST2, and MyD88 signaling. Also, subtilisin stimulated the expression of the proallergic cytokines IL-1α, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and the growth factor amphiregulin in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Notably, acute administration of subtilisin into the airways increased lung IL-5-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells, which required protease-activated receptor-2 expression. Finally, subtilisin activity acted as a Th2 adjuvant to an unrelated airborne Ag-promoting allergic inflammation to inhaled OVA. Therefore, we established a murine model of occupational asthma to a serine protease and characterized the main molecular pathways involved in allergic sensitization to subtilisin that potentially contribute to initiate allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Florsheim
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP Brazil; Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Ivan Bragatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP Brazil
| | - Lucas Faustino
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP Brazil
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N Ramos
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP Brazil
| | - José Alexandre M Barbuto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP Brazil
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP Brazil;
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27
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Lazrak A, Creighton J, Yu Z, Komarova S, Doran SF, Aggarwal S, Emala CW, Stober VP, Trempus CS, Garantziotis S, Matalon S. Hyaluronan mediates airway hyperresponsiveness in oxidative lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L891-903. [PMID: 25747964 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00377.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorine (Cl2) inhalation induces severe oxidative lung injury and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) that lead to asthmalike symptoms. When inhaled, Cl2 reacts with epithelial lining fluid, forming by-products that damage hyaluronan, a constituent of the extracellular matrix, causing the release of low-molecular-weight fragments (L-HA, <300 kDa), which initiate a series of proinflammatory events. Cl2 (400 ppm, 30 min) exposure to mice caused an increase of L-HA and its binding partner, inter-α-trypsin-inhibitor (IαI), in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Airway resistance following methacholine challenge was increased 24 h post-Cl2 exposure. Intratracheal administration of high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (H-HA) or an antibody against IαI post-Cl2 exposure decreased AHR. Exposure of human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells to Cl2 (100 ppm, 10 min) or incubation with Cl2-exposed H-HA (which fragments it to L-HA) increased membrane potential depolarization, intracellular Ca(2+), and RhoA activation. Inhibition of RhoA, chelation of intracellular Ca(2+), blockade of cation channels, as well as postexposure addition of H-HA, reversed membrane depolarization in HASM cells. We propose a paradigm in which oxidative lung injury generates reactive species and L-HA that activates RhoA and Ca(2+) channels of airway smooth muscle cells, increasing their contractility and thus causing AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lazrak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Judy Creighton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Svetlana Komarova
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen F Doran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; and
| | - Vandy P Stober
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Carol S Trempus
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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28
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Hsia BJ, Whitehead GS, Nakano K, Gowdy KM, Thomas SY, Aloor J, Nakano H, Cook DN. Trif-dependent induction of Th17 immunity by lung dendritic cells. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:186-97. [PMID: 24985082 PMCID: PMC4267961 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is thought to stem largely from maladaptive T helper 2 (Th2) responses to inhaled allergens, which in turn lead to airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). However, many individuals with asthma have airway inflammation that is predominantly neutrophilic and resistant to treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids. An improved understanding of the molecular basis of this form of asthma might lead to improved strategies for its treatment. Here, we identify novel roles of the adaptor protein, TRIF (TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β), in neutrophilic responses to inhaled allergens. In different mouse models of asthma, Trif-deficient animals had marked reductions in interleukin (IL)-17, airway neutrophils, and AHR compared with wild-type (WT) mice, whereas airway eosinophils were generally similar in these two strains. Compared with lung dendritic cells (DCs) from WT mice, lung DCs from Trif-deficient mice displayed impaired lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced migration to regional lymph nodes, lower levels of the costimulatory molecule, CD40, and produced smaller amounts of the T helper 17 (Th17)-promoting cytokines, IL-6, and IL-1β. When cultured with allergen-specific, naive T cells, Trif-deficient lung DCs stimulated robust Th2 cell differentiation but very weak Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation. Together, these findings reveal a TRIF-CD40-Th17 axis in the development of IL-17-associated neutrophilic asthma.
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29
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Vinikoor-Imler LC, Owens EO, Nichols JL, Ross M, Brown JS, Sacks JD. Evaluating potential response-modifying factors for associations between ozone and health outcomes: a weight-of-evidence approach. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1166-76. [PMID: 24927060 PMCID: PMC4216162 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to determine whether specific groups of the population or life stages are at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects using a weight-of-evidence approach. METHODS Epidemiologic, experimental, and exposure science studies of potential factors that may modify the relationship between O3 and health effects were identified in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2013 Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. Scientific evidence from studies that examined factors that may influence risk were integrated across disciplines to evaluate consistency, coherence, and biological plausibility of effects. The factors identified were then classified using a weight-of-evidence approach to conclude whether a specific factor modified the response of a population or life stage, resulting in an increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. DISCUSSION We found "adequate" evidence that populations with certain genotypes, preexisting asthma, or reduced intake of certain nutrients, as well as different life stages or outdoor workers, are at increased risk of O3-related health effects. In addition, we identified other factors (i.e., sex, socioeconomic status, and obesity) for which there was "suggestive" evidence that they may increase the risk of O3-related health effects. CONCLUSIONS Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we identified a diverse group of factors that should be considered when characterizing the overall risk of health effects associated with exposures to ambient O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Vinikoor-Imler
- National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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30
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McCullough SD, Duncan KE, Swanton SM, Dailey LA, Diaz-Sanchez D, Devlin RB. Ozone induces a proinflammatory response in primary human bronchial epithelial cells through mitogen-activated protein kinase activation without nuclear factor-κB activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:426-35. [PMID: 24693990 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0515oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) is a ubiquitous environmental air pollutant that is a potent inducer of airway inflammation and has been linked with respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Some studies using transformed or immortalized cells have attributed O3-mediated expression of inflammatory cytokines with activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway. In this study, we sought to characterize the O3-mediated activation of cellular signaling pathways using primary human bronchial epithelial cells obtained from a panel of donors. We demonstrate that the O3-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines requires the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor/MEK/ERK and MKK4/p38 mitogen-activated signaling pathways but does not appear to involve activation of canonical NF-κB signaling. In addition to providing a novel mechanistic model for the O3-mediated induction of proinflammatory cytokines, these findings highlight the importance of using primary cells over cell lines in mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun D McCullough
- 1 Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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31
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Kim TH, Kim DJ, Park JH, Park JH. TRIF Deficiency does not Affect Severity of Ovalbumin-induced Airway Inflammation in Mice. Immune Netw 2014; 14:249-54. [PMID: 25360076 PMCID: PMC4212086 DOI: 10.4110/in.2014.14.5.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction, hyperresponsiveness and eosinophils infiltration. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling are closely associated with asthma and have emerged as a novel therapeutic target in allergic disease. The functions of TLR3 and TLR4 in allergic airway inflammation have been studied; however, the precise role of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), the adaptor molecule for both TLR3 and TLR4, is not yet fully understood. To investigate this, we developed a mouse model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and compared the severity of allergic airway inflammation in WT and TRIF-/- mice. Histopathological assessment revealed that the severity of inflammation in airway inflammation in TRIF-deficient mice was comparable to that in WT mice. The total number of cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not differ between WT and TRIF-deficient mice. Moreover, TRIF deficiency did not affect Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in lung tissue nor the level of serum OVA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2c. These findings suggest that TRIF-mediated signaling may not be critical for the development of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyoun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Dong-Jae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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32
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Clay CC, Maniar-Hew K, Gerriets JE, Wang TT, Postlethwait EM, Evans MJ, Fontaine JH, Miller LA. Early life ozone exposure results in dysregulated innate immune function and altered microRNA expression in airway epithelium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90401. [PMID: 24594710 PMCID: PMC3942419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ozone has been associated with increased incidence of respiratory morbidity in humans; however the mechanism(s) behind the enhancement of susceptibility are unclear. We have previously reported that exposure to episodic ozone during postnatal development results in an attenuated peripheral blood cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that persists with maturity. As the lung is closely interfaced with the external environment, we hypothesized that the conducting airway epithelium of neonates may also be a target of immunomodulation by ozone. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated primary airway epithelial cell cultures derived from juvenile rhesus macaque monkeys with a prior history of episodic postnatal ozone exposure. Innate immune function was measured by expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in primary cultures established following in vivo LPS challenge or, in response to in vitro LPS treatment. Postnatal ozone exposure resulted in significantly attenuated IL-6 mRNA and protein expression in primary cultures from juvenile animals; IL-8 mRNA was also significantly reduced. The effect of antecedent ozone exposure was modulated by in vivo LPS challenge, as primary cultures exhibited enhanced cytokine expression upon secondary in vitro LPS treatment. Assessment of potential IL-6-targeting microRNAs miR-149, miR-202, and miR-410 showed differential expression in primary cultures based upon animal exposure history. Functional assays revealed that miR-149 is capable of binding to the IL-6 3' UTR and decreasing IL-6 protein synthesis in airway epithelial cell lines. Cumulatively, our findings suggest that episodic ozone during early life contributes to the molecular programming of airway epithelium, such that memory from prior exposures is retained in the form of a dysregulated IL-6 and IL-8 response to LPS; differentially expressed microRNAs such as miR-149 may play a role in the persistent modulation of the epithelial innate immune response towards microbes in the mature lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice C. Clay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kinjal Maniar-Hew
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joan E. Gerriets
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Theodore T. Wang
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Edward M. Postlethwait
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Evans
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Justin H. Fontaine
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Impact of particulate matter exposition on the risk of ischemic stroke: epidemiologic evidence and putative mechanisms. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:215-20. [PMID: 24301290 PMCID: PMC3915219 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution is estimated to be responsible for 3.2 million deaths annually worldwide. Although many studies have demonstrated PM as a serious risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, less is known on its association with cerebrovascular events. Over the last decade, however, an increasing number of studies have provided data showing a relationship between PM exposure and ischemic stroke (IS). In this article, we will report on existing epidemiologic findings for an association between PM exposure and IS based on a systemic literature search. Thus, despite inconsistencies in the results, currently available data suggest that PM exposure is a risk factor for IS, especially in patients with preexisting illnesses. With regards to the mechanisms leading to PM-dependent vascular damage, in particular proinflammatory, prooxidative, as well as proatherogenic pathways have been suggested to be involved. Notably, to date there is only one study published, which demonstrates the influence of PM exposure on cerebrovascular function. We will discuss reasonable approaches for future neurovascular research in this field.
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Whitehead GS, Thomas SY, Cook DN. Modulation of distinct asthmatic phenotypes in mice by dose-dependent inhalation of microbial products. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:34-42. [PMID: 24168764 PMCID: PMC3888577 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans with asthma display considerable heterogeneity with regard to T helper (Th) 2-associated eosinophilic and Th17-associated neutrophilic inflammation, but the impact of the environment on these different forms of asthma is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We studied the nature and longevity of asthma-like responses triggered by inhalation of allergen together with environmentally relevant doses of inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA) was instilled into the airways of mice together with a wide range of LPS doses. Following a single OVA challenge, or multiple challenges, animals were assessed for pulmonary cytokine production, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). RESULTS Mice instilled with OVA together with very low doses (≤10⁻³ μg) of LPS displayed modest amounts of Th2 cytokines, with associated airway eosinophilia and AHR after a single challenge, and these responses were sustained after multiple OVA challenges. When the higher but still environmentally relevant dose of 10⁻¹ μg LPS was used, mice initially displayed similar Th2 responses, as well as Th17-associated neutrophilia. After multiple OVA challenges, however, the 10⁻¹ μg LPS animals also accumulated large numbers of allergen-specific T regulatory (Treg) cells with high levels of inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS). As a result, asthma-like features in these mice were shorter-lived than in mice sensitized using lower doses of LPS. CONCLUSIONS The nature and longevity of Th2, Th17, and Treg immune responses to inhaled allergen are dependent on the quantity of LPS inhaled at the time of allergic sensitization. These findings might account in part for the heterogeneity of inflammatory infiltrates seen in lungs of asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Shalaby KH, Allard-Coutu A, O'Sullivan MJ, Nakada E, Qureshi ST, Day BJ, Martin JG. Inhaled birch pollen extract induces airway hyperresponsiveness via oxidative stress but independently of pollen-intrinsic NADPH oxidase activity, or the TLR4-TRIF pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:922-33. [PMID: 23776177 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in allergic asthma may result from oxidase activity or proinflammatory molecules in pollens. Signaling via TLR4 and its adaptor Toll-IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF) has been implicated in reactive oxygen species-mediated acute lung injury and in Th2 immune responses. We investigated the contributions of oxidative stress and TLR4/TRIF signaling to experimental asthma induced by birch pollen exposure exclusively via the airways. Mice were exposed to native or heat-inactivated white birch pollen extract (BPEx) intratracheally and injected with the antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine or dimethylthiourea, prior to sensitization, challenge, or all allergen exposures, to assess the role of oxidative stress and pollen-intrinsic NADPH oxidase activity in allergic sensitization, inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Additionally, TLR4 signaling was antagonized concomitantly with allergen exposure, or the development of allergic airway disease was evaluated in TLR4 or TRIF knockout mice. N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited BPEx-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation and AHR except when given exclusively during sensitization, whereas dimethylthiourea was inhibitory even when administered with the sensitization alone. Heat inactivation of BPEx had no effect on the development of allergic airway disease. Oxidative stress-mediated AHR was also TLR4 and TRIF independent; however, TLR4 deficiency decreased, whereas TRIF deficiency increased BPEx-induced airway inflammation. In conclusion, oxidative stress plays a significant role in allergic sensitization to pollen via the airway mucosa, but the pollen-intrinsic NADPH oxidase activity and TLR4 or TRIF signaling are unnecessary for the induction of allergic airway disease and AHR. Pollen extract does, however, activate TLR4, thereby enhancing airway inflammation, which is restrained by the TRIF-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim H Shalaby
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
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Gaunsbaek MQ, Rasmussen KJ, Beers MF, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Hansen S. Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) response and regulation during acute and chronic lung injury. Lung 2013; 191:295-303. [PMID: 23435873 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-013-9452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collection that plays important roles in modulating host defense functions and maintaining phospholipid homeostasis in the lung. The aim of current study was to characterize comparatively the SP-D response in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum in three murine models of lung injury, using a validated ELISA technology for estimation of SP-D levels. METHODS Mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide, bleomycin, or Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) and sacrificed at different time points. RESULTS In lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice, the level of SP-D in BAL increased within 6 h, peaked at 51 h (4,518 ng/ml), and returned to base level at 99 h (612 ng/ml). Serum levels of SP-D increased immediately (8.6 ng/ml), peaked at 51 h (16 ng/ml), and returned to base levels at 99 h (3.8 ng/ml). In a subacute bleomycin inflammation model, SP-D levels were 4,625 and 367 ng/ml in BAL and serum, respectively, 8 days after exposure. In a chronic Pc inflammation model, the highest level of SP-D was observed 6 weeks after inoculation, with BAL and serum levels of 1,868 and 335 ng/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that serum levels of SP-D increase during lung injury, with a sustained increment during chronic inflammation compared with acute inflammation. A quick upregulation of SP-D in serum in response to acute airway inflammation supports the notion that SP-D translocates from the airways into the vascular system, in favor of being synthesized systemically. The study also confirms the concept of using increased SP-D serum levels as a biomarker of especially chronic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Quisgaard Gaunsbaek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
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Rega A, Terlizzi M, Luciano A, Forte G, Crother TR, Arra C, Arditi M, Pinto A, Sorrentino R. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells play a key role in tumor progression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lung tumor-bearing mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2391-402. [PMID: 23355734 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor activity of LPS was first described by Dr. William Coley. However, its role in lung cancer remains unclear. The aim of our study was to elucidate the dose-dependent effects of LPS (0.1-10 μg/mouse) in a mouse model of B16-F10-induced metastatic lung cancer. Lung tumor growth increased at 3 and 7 d after the administration of low-dose LPS (0.1 μg/mouse) compared with control mice. This was associated with an influx of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and CD8(+) regulatory T cells. In contrast, high-dose LPS (10 μg/mouse) reduced lung tumor burden and was associated with a greater influx of pDCs, as well as a stronger Th1 and Th17 polarization. Depletion of pDCs during low-dose LPS administration resulted in a decreased lung tumor burden. Depletion of pDCs during high-dose LPS treatment resulted in an increased tumor burden. The dichotomy in LPS effects was due to the phenotype of pDCs, which were immunosuppressive after the low-dose LPS, and Th1- and T cytotoxic-polarizing cells after the high-dose LPS. Adoptive transfer of T cells into nude mice demonstrated that CD8(+) T cells were responsible for pDC recruitment following low-dose LPS administration, whereas CD4(+) T cells were required for pDC influx after the high-dose LPS. In conclusion, our data suggest differential effects of low-dose versus high-dose LPS on pDC phenotype and tumor progression or regression in the lungs of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Rega
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy.
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Feng F, Li Z, Potts-Kant EN, Wu Y, Foster WM, Williams KL, Hollingsworth JW. Hyaluronan activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome contributes to the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:1692-8. [PMID: 23010656 PMCID: PMC3546367 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in nonallergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) has not previously been reported. Recent evidence supports both interleukin (IL) 1β and short fragments of hyaluronan (HA) as contributors to the biological response to inhaled ozone. OBJECTIVE Because extracellular secretion of IL-1β requires activation of the inflammasome, we investigated the role of the inflammasome proteins ASC, caspase1, and Nlrp3 in the biological response to ozone and HA. METHODS C57BL/6J wild-type mice and mice deficient in ASC, caspase1, or Nlrp3 were exposed to ozone (1 ppm for 3 hr) or HA followed by analysis of airway resistance, cellular inflammation, and total protein and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Transcription levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were determined in two populations of lung macrophages. In addition, we examined levels of cleaved caspase1 and cleaved IL-1β as markers of inflammasome activation in isolated alveolar macrophages harvested from BALF from HA-treated mice. RESULTS We observed that genes of the Nlrp3 inflammasome were required for development of AHR following exposure to either ozone or HA fragments. These genes are partially required for the cellular inflammatory response to ozone. The expression of IL-1β mRNA in alveolar macrophages was up-regulated after either ozone or HA challenge and was not dependent on the Nlrp3 inflammasome. However, soluble levels of IL-1β protein were dependent on the inflammasome after challenge with either ozone or HA. HA challenge resulted in cleavage of macrophage-derived caspase1 and IL-1β, suggesting a role for alveolar macrophages in Nlrp3-dependent AHR. CONCLUSIONS The Nlrp3 inflammasome is required for the development of ozone-induced reactive airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Feng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Li Z, Tighe RM, Feng F, Ledford JG, Hollingsworth JW. Genes of innate immunity and the biological response to inhaled ozone. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 27:3-16. [PMID: 23169704 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ambient ozone has a significant impact on human health. We have made considerable progress in understanding the fundamental mechanisms that regulate the biological response to ozone. It is increasingly clear that genes of innate immunity play a central role in both infectious and noninfectious lung disease. The biological response to ambient ozone provides a clinically relevant environmental exposure that allows us to better understand the role of innate immunity in noninfectious airways disease. In this brief review, we focus on (1) specific cell types in the lung modified by ozone, (2) ozone and oxidative stress, (3) the relationship between genes of innate immunity and ozone, (4) the role of extracellular matrix in reactive airways disease, and (5) the effect of ozone on the adaptive immune system. We summarize recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that ozone contributes to environmental airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Li
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Sukkar MB, Ullah MA, Gan WJ, Wark PAB, Chung KF, Hughes JM, Armour CL, Phipps S. RAGE: a new frontier in chronic airways disease. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 167:1161-76. [PMID: 22506507 PMCID: PMC3504985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogeneous inflammatory disorders of the respiratory tract characterized by airflow obstruction. It is now clear that the environmental factors that drive airway pathology in asthma and COPD, including allergens, viruses, ozone and cigarette smoke, activate innate immune receptors known as pattern-recognition receptors, either directly or indirectly by causing the release of endogenous ligands. Thus, there is now intense research activity focused around understanding the mechanisms by which pattern-recognition receptors sustain the airway inflammatory response, and how these mechanisms might be targeted therapeutically. One pattern-recognition receptor that has recently come to attention in chronic airways disease is the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). RAGE is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors that recognizes pathogen- and host-derived endogenous ligands to initiate the immune response to tissue injury, infection and inflammation. Although the role of RAGE in lung physiology and pathophysiology is not well understood, recent genome-wide association studies have linked RAGE gene polymorphisms with airflow obstruction. In addition, accumulating data from animal and clinical investigations reveal increased expression of RAGE and its ligands, together with reduced expression of soluble RAGE, an endogenous inhibitor of RAGE signalling, in chronic airways disease. In this review, we discuss recent studies of the ligand-RAGE axis in asthma and COPD, highlight important areas for future research and discuss how this axis might potentially be harnessed for therapeutic benefit in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Sukkar
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Technology SydneyNSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of SydneyNSW, Australia
| | - Md Ashik Ullah
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of SydneyNSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandQld, Australia
| | - Wan Jun Gan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandQld, Australia
| | - Peter AB Wark
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of NewcastleNSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter HospitalNSW, Australia
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | | | - Carol L Armour
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of SydneyNSW, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of QueenslandQld, Australia
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Yanagisawa R, Warabi E, Inoue KI, Yanagawa T, Koike E, Ichinose T, Takano H, Ishii T. Peroxiredoxin I null mice exhibits reduced acute lung inflammation following ozone exposure. J Biochem 2012; 152:595-601. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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The effect of environmental oxidative stress on airway inflammation. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:133-9. [PMID: 22306553 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32835113d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma is an inflammatory respiratory condition with significantly associated morbidity and mortality that is increasing in prevalence. Air pollution is an important factor in both the development of asthma and in asthma exacerbations. Oxidative stress as a result of exposure to air pollution and underlying genetic polymorphisms that may play a role in susceptibility to this oxidative stress are the subject of current investigation. This article reviews the data regarding the effects of air pollution on the innate immune response and potential clinical and treatment implications of how genetic polymorphisms affect this response. RECENT FINDINGS Recent investigation reveals how pollutant-induced oxidative stress impacts airway inflammatory responses. Work by our study group demonstrates that asthmatic patients have an exaggerated inflammatory response to air pollution-induced oxidative stress. New trials investigating antioxidants as potential therapeutic interventions may target this specific issue. SUMMARY Air pollution plays a critical role in asthma and may affect certain patients more than others. Further investigation into the genetic polymorphisms that affect inflammatory responses may help target patient populations at greatest risk for air pollution-induced asthma and may provide new therapeutic options for these patient populations.
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Pacheco KA. Epigenetics mediate environment : gene effects on occupational sensitization. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:111-8. [PMID: 22306555 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328351518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenetics is the study of stable modifications of fixed genomes that direct which genes are expressed and which are silenced. Epigenetic changes are modulated by environmental exposures, making epigenetics the interface between genes and environment. This has particular relevance in understanding the effect of occupational exposures on the expression of allergic disease. The goal of this review is to describe how epigenetic changes affect transcription potential, and to examine more closely the effect of specific environmental and occupational exposures on epigenetic variations that alter allergy gene transcripts and the inflammatory milieu. RECENT FINDINGS Gene transcription is activated when specific CpG sites are demethylated and histones are acetylated, and, conversely, silenced when sites are methylated and histones deacetylated. The development of Th1 and Th2 phenotypes, and expression of Treg cells, are now known to be modulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Workplace exposures such as tobacco smoke, particulates, diesel exhaust, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, ozone, and endotoxin, among others, suppress Treg development, and enhance expression of inflammatory cytokines and allergic phenotypes by epigenetic means. SUMMARY Epigenetic manipulation to open and close transcription sites provides flexibility of gene expression in response to changing environmental cues. It may also be the window whereby allergic disease in the workplace can be reduced by targeted environmental interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Pacheco
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Bauer RN, Diaz-Sanchez D, Jaspers I. Effects of air pollutants on innate immunity: the role of Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:14-24; quiz 25-6. [PMID: 22196521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between exposure to ambient air pollutants and respiratory pathogens have been shown to modify respiratory immune responses. Emerging data suggest key roles for Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) signaling in pathogen-induced immune responses. Similarly, immune responses elicited by exposure to air pollutants are mediated by specific TLR- and NLR-dependent mechanisms. This review article will summarize current knowledge about how air pollutants modify TLR- and NLR-dependent signaling and host defense responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N Bauer
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Yanagawa T. Novel roles of peroxiredoxins in inflammation, cancer and innate immunity. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012; 50:91-105. [PMID: 22448089 PMCID: PMC3303482 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins possess thioredoxin or glutathione peroxidase and chaperone-like activities and thereby protect cells from oxidative insults. Recent studies, however, reveal additional functions of peroxiredoxins in gene expression and inflammation-related biological reactions such as tissue repair, parasite infection and tumor progression. Notably, peroxiredoxin 1, the major mammalian peroxiredoxin family protein, directly interacts with transcription factors such as c-Myc and NF-κB in the nucleus. Additionally, peroxiredoxin 1 is secreted from some cells following stimulation with TGF-β and other cytokines and is thus present in plasma and body fluids. Peroxiredoxin 1 is now recognized as one of the pro-inflammatory factors interacting with toll-like receptor 4, which triggers NF-κB activation and other signaling pathways to evoke inflammatory reactions. Some cancer cells release peroxiredoxin 1 to stimulate toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling for their progression. Interestingly, peroxiredoxins expressed in protozoa and helminth may modulate host immune responses partly through toll-like receptor 4 for their survival and progression in host. Extracellular peroxiredoxin 1 and peroxiredoxin 2 are known to enhance natural killer cell activity and suppress virus-replication in cells. Peroxiredoxin 1-deficient mice show reduced antioxidant activities but also exhibit restrained tissue inflammatory reactions under some patho-physiological conditions. Novel functions of peroxiredoxins in inflammation, cancer and innate immunity are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- Majors of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Connor AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Ozone-induced lung injury and sterile inflammation. Role of toll-like receptor 4. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 92:229-35. [PMID: 22300504 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of toxic doses of ozone is associated with a sterile inflammatory response characterized by an accumulation of macrophages in the lower lung which are activated to release cytotoxic/proinflammatory mediators that contribute to tissue injury. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor present on macrophages that has been implicated in sterile inflammatory responses. In the present studies we used TLR4 mutant C3H/HeJ mice to analyze the role of TLR4 in ozone-induced lung injury, oxidative stress and inflammation. Acute exposure of control C3H/HeOuJ mice to ozone (0.8ppm for 3h) resulted in increases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lipocalin 24p3 and 4-hydroxynonenal modified protein, markers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. This was correlated with increases in BAL protein, as well as numbers of alveolar macrophages. Levels of surfactant protein-D, a pulmonary collectin known to regulate macrophage inflammatory responses, also increased in BAL following ozone inhalation. Ozone inhalation was associated with classical macrophage activation, as measured by increased NF-κB binding activity and expression of TNFα mRNA. The observation that these responses to ozone were not evident in TLR4 mutant C3H/HeJ mice demonstrates that functional TLR4 contributes to ozone-induced sterile inflammation and macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Hsia BJ, Pastva AM, Giamberardino CD, Potts-Kant EN, Foster WM, Que LG, Abraham SN, Wright JR, Zaas DW. Increased Nitric Oxide Production Prevents Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Caveolin-1 Deficient Mice Following Endotoxin Exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Suppl 1. [PMID: 24273688 PMCID: PMC3836011 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6121.s1-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1, the hallmark protein of caveolae, is highly expressed within the lung in the epithelium, endothelium, and in immune cells. In addition to its classical roles in cholesterol metabolism and endocytosis, caveolin-1 has also been shown to be important in inflammatory signaling pathways. In particular, caveolin-1 is known to associate with the nitric oxide synthase enzymes, downregulating their activity. Endotoxins, which are are composed mainly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are found ubiquitously in the environment and can lead to the development of airway inflammation and increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). METHODS We compared the acute responses of wild-type and caveolin-1 deficient mice after LPS aerosol, a well-accepted mode of endotoxin exposure, to investigate the role of caveolin-1 in the development of environmental lung injury. RESULTS Although the caveolin-1 deficient mice had greater lung inflammatory indices compared to wild-type mice, they exhibited reduced AHR following LPS exposure. The uncoupling of inflammation and AHR led us to investigate the role of caveolin-1 in the production of nitric oxide, which is known to act as a bronchodilator. The absence of caveolin-1 resulted in increased nitrite levels in the lavage fluid in both sham and LPS treated mice. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was increased in the lung tissue of caveolin-1 deficient mice following LPS exposure and administration of the potent and specific inhibitor 1400W increased AHR to levels comparable to wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS We attribute the relative airway hyporesponsiveness in the caveolin-1 deficient mice after LPS exposure to the specific role of caveolin-1 in mediating nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Hsia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina, USA
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Tighe RM, Potts EN, Feng F, Li Z, Frush B, He YW, Corry DB, Noble PW, Hollingsworth JW. Extracellular Matrix Protein Mindin is Required for the Complete Allergic Response to Fungal-Associated Proteinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2011. [PMID: 23560245 PMCID: PMC3613851 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6121.s1-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Asthma remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality with an incidence that continues to rise. Despite the importance of this disease, the mechanisms by which the host develops allergic airways disease remain poorly understood. The development of allergic airways disease appears to be contingent on activation of both the innate and adaptive immune system, but little is known about the cross-talk between these two systems. The extracellular matrix protein mindin (Spondin 2) has been previously demonstrated to have functional roles in both the innate and adaptive immunological responses. Previous work supports that pulmonary challenge with fungal-associated allergenic proteinase (FAP) induces an innate allergic response. We hypothesized that mindin would modify the biological response to FAP. Saline or FAP was administered by oropharyngeal aspiration to C57BL/6 wild type or mindin-null mice every 4 days for a total of five exposures. FAP exposed C57BL/6 mice developed enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine challenge and increased neutrophils and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage as compared to saline exposed controls. These responses were significantly reduced in mindin-null mice exposed to FAP. FAP challenge was associated with a broad induction of cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, Th1, Th2, and IL-17), chemokines, and growth factors, which were reduced in mindin-null mice exposed to FAP. RNA expression in lung monocytes for representative M1 and M2 activation markers were increased by FAP, but were independent of mindin. Our observations support that challenge with FAP results in activation of both innate and adaptive immune signaling pathways in a manner partially dependent on mindin. These findings suggest a potential role for the extracellular matrix protein mindin in cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), have high mortality rates with few treatment options. An important regulatory factor in the pathology observed in ALI/ARDS is a disruption of the pulmonary endothelial barrier which, in combination with epithelial barrier disruption, causes leakage of fluid, protein and cells into lung airspaces. Degradation of the glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan (HA), is involved in reduction of the endothelial glycocalyx, disruption of endothelial cell-cell contacts and activation of HA binding proteins upregulated in ALI/ARDS which promote a loss of pulmonary vascular integrity. In contrast, exogenous administration of high molecular weight HA has been shown to be protective in several models of ALI. This review focuses on the dichotomous role of HA to both promote and inhibit ALI based on its size and the HA binding proteins present. Further, potential therapeutic applications of high molecular weight HA in treating ALI/ARDS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Singleton
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA ; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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