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Ong JZL, Tan TK, Wang L, Tan SH, Sanda T. Regulatory mechanisms and context-dependent roles of TAL1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2024; 109:1359-1372. [PMID: 37855064 PMCID: PMC11063860 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy derived from thymic T-cell precursors. Approximately 40-60% of T-ALL cases exhibit aberrant overexpression of the TAL1 oncogenic transcription factor. Here, we provide a comprehensive view of the TAL1-induced transcriptional program in human T-ALL cells using a rapid protein degradation system coupled with integrative approaches. Our study demonstrates that TAL1 targets can be classified into several groups, each of which exhibits unique gene expression kinetics, chromatin features, and regulatory mechanisms. Group A genes are highly dependent on TAL1, many of which are not expressed in normal T cells or TAL1-negative T-ALL cells, representing an oncogenic TAL1 signature. The TAL1 complex predominantly activates group A genes. TAL1's effect is not replaceable with its regulatory partners GATA3 or RUNX1. In contrast, group B genes, many of which are generally expressed across different T-ALL subgroups, exhibit densely-connected chromatin-chromatin interactions and demonstrate the collaborative roles played by TAL1 with other transcription factors. Interestingly, TAL1 cooperates with NOTCH1 to regulate gene expression in TAL1-positive T-ALL cells, whereas it potentially antagonizes the NOTCH1-MYC pathway and leads to lethality in TAL1-negative/ TLX3-positive cells, demonstrating the context-dependent roles of TAL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolynn Zu Lin Ong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599
| | - Tze King Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599
| | - Lu Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599
| | - Shi Hao Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya.
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2
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Costa JR, Mansour MR. ToTAL1y degraded - rapid dTAG proteolysis of TAL1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2024; 109:1325-1327. [PMID: 38105739 PMCID: PMC11063835 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc R Mansour
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health.
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3
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Parriott G, Hegermiller E, Morman RE, Frank C, Saygin C, Stock W, Bartom ET, Kee BL. Loss of thymocyte competition underlies the tumor suppressive functions of the E2a transcription factor in T-ALL. Leukemia 2024; 38:491-501. [PMID: 38155245 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocyte acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is frequently associated with increased expression of the E protein transcription factor inhibitors TAL1 and LYL1. In mouse models, ectopic expression of TAL1 or LYL1 in T cell progenitors, or inactivation of E2A, is sufficient to predispose mice to develop T-ALL. How E2A suppresses thymocyte transformation is currently unknown. Here, we show that early deletion of E2a, prior to the DN3 stage, was required for robust leukemogenesis and was associated with alterations in thymus cellularity, T cell differentiation, and gene expression in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. Introduction of wild-type thymocytes into mice with early deletion of E2a prevented leukemogenesis, or delayed disease onset, and impacted the expression of multiple genes associated with transformation and genome instability. Our data indicate that E2A suppresses leukemogenesis by promoting T cell development and enforcing inter-thymocyte competition, a mechanism that is emerging as a safeguard against thymocyte transformation. These studies have implications for understanding how multiple essential regulators of T cell development suppress T-ALL and support the hypothesis that thymocyte competition suppresses leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Parriott
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma Hegermiller
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Rosemary E Morman
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Cameron Frank
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Caner Saygin
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA
| | - Wendy Stock
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barbara L Kee
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Zhang X, Geng L, Yang L, Wang Y, Zou Z, Zhang Y, Xu H, Lei H, Cao Y, Wu Y, Gu W, Zhou L. Anlotinib exerts an anti-T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia effect in vitro and in vivo. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110837. [PMID: 37544636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite some progress having been made regarding the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), the prognosis of T-ALL, particularly adult T-ALL, is still poor. Identifying novel, effective anti-T-ALL drugs is of great significance. Anlotinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently utilized in the treatment of lung cancer, exhibited a promising anti-T-ALL effect. A comprehensive study should therefore be conducted to explore both the in vitro as well as in vivo mechanisms of the anti-T-ALL effects of anlotinib. METHODS CCK8 assays and flow cytometry were employed to investigate the viability, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of T-ALL cell lines when treated with anlotinib. T-ALL xenograft mouse models were established to examine the in vivo antileukemic effects of anlotinib. Cellular and molecular analysis of T-ALL were conducted to define the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS In vitro, anlotinib significantly inhibited the viability, induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in T-ALL cell lines in a concentration-dependent pattern. In vivo, anlotinib also demonstrated a strong anti-tumor effect at doses that are well-tolerated. Interestingly, anlotinib could decrease the protein levels of the intracellular domains of NOTCH1 (ICN1) and c-Myc, two important targets for T-ALL. Mechanistically, anlotinib-induced c-Myc reduction was associated with proteasome-mediated degradation, while the ICN1 reduction was not due to protein degradation or transcriptional repression. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that anlotinib may be a promising anti-T-ALL candidate drug, and simultaneous reduction of the protein levels of both ICN1 and c-Myc may contribute to the anti-T-ALL efficacy of anlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lou Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Li Yang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhihui Zou
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hanzhang Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hu Lei
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province P.R. 213003, China
| | - Yingli Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenli Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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5
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Palanichamy JK, Tran TM, King JK, Katzman S, Ritter AJ, Sharma G, Tso C, Contreras JR, Fernando TR, Sanford JR, Rao DS. Distinct oncogenic phenotypes in hematopoietic specific deletions of Trp53. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7490. [PMID: 37160922 PMCID: PMC10169790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 is the most common alteration seen in human cancer. In mice, P53 deletion in all cells leads predominantly to the development of T-cell lymphomas, followed by B-cell lymphomas, sarcomas and teratomas. In order to dissect the role of P53 in the hematopoietic system, we generated and analyzed two different mouse models deficient for P53. A pan-hematopoietic P53 deletion mouse was created using Vav1-Cre based deletion; and a B-cell-specific deletion mouse was created using a CD19-Cre based deletion. The Vav1-P53CKO mice predominantly developed T-cell malignancies in younger mice, and myeloid malignancies in older mice. In T-cell malignancies, there was accelerated thymic cell maturation with overexpression of Notch1 and its downstream effectors. CD19-P53CKO mice developed marginal zone expansion in the spleen, followed by marginal zone lymphoma, some of which progressed to diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Interestingly, marginal zone and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas had a unique gene expression signature characterized by activation of the PI3K pathway, compared with wild type marginal zone or follicular cells of the spleen. This study demonstrates lineage specific P53 deletion leading to distinct phenotypes secondary to unique gene expression programs set in motion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany M Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Sol Katzman
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Alexander J Ritter
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, UCSC, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Christine Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jorge R Contreras
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Jeremy R Sanford
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, UCSC, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Dinesh S Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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6
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Parriott G, Hegermiller E, Morman RE, Frank C, Saygin C, Stock W, Bartom ET, Kee BL. Loss of thymocyte competition underlies the tumor suppressive functions of the E2a transcription factor in T lymphocyte acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.23.537993. [PMID: 37163059 PMCID: PMC10168235 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.23.537993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocyte acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is frequently associated with increased expression of the E protein transcription factor inhibitors TAL1 and LYL1. In mouse models, ectopic expression of Tal1 or Lyl1 in T cell progenitors or inactivation of E2a, is sufficient to predispose mice to develop T-ALL. How E2a suppresses thymocyte transformation is currently unknown. Here, we show that early deletion of E2a , prior to the DN3 stage, was required for robust leukemogenesis and was associated with alterations in thymus cellularity, T cell differentiation, and gene expression in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. Introduction of wild-type thymocytes into mice with early deletion of E2a prevented leukemogenesis, or delayed disease onset, and impacted the expression of multiple genes associated with transformation and genome instability. Our data indicate that E2a suppresses leukemogenesis by promoting T cell development and enforcing inter-thymocyte competition, a mechanism that is emerging as a safeguard against thymocyte transformation. These studies have implications for understanding how multiple essential regulators of T cell development suppress T-ALL and support the hypothesis that thymus cellularity is a determinant of leukemogenesis.
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7
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Catarino TA, Pacheco-Leyva I, Al-Dalali F, Ghezzo MN, Fernandes MT, Costa T, Dos Santos NR. Cdkn2a inactivation promotes malignant transformation of mouse immature thymocytes before the β-selection checkpoint. Exp Hematol 2022; 116:30-36. [PMID: 36240953 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Telmo A Catarino
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivette Pacheco-Leyva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Faiza Al-Dalali
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Telma Costa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno R Dos Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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8
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Early expression of mature αβ TCR in CD4 -CD8 - T cell progenitors enables MHC to drive development of T-ALL bearing NOTCH mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118529119. [PMID: 35767640 PMCID: PMC9271211 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118529119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell development and immune responses are directed by major histocompatibility complex:T cell antigen receptor (MHC:TCR) signaling, but aberrant signals can cause T cell tumors to form. We show that in mice and humans, a low-frequency progenitor cell population expresses early αβ TCR while coreceptor double-negative (EADN), and these EADN cells can transform to thymic leukemia. Mouse models showed that EADN cells did not require MHC to develop but when presented with MHC they could respond with high sensitivity. Transformation to leukemia occurred and required MHC, although with extended tumor growth this requirement could be lost. Thus, MHC:TCR signaling can initiate a leukemia phenotype from an understudied developmental state that appears to be represented in the mouse and human disease spectrum. During normal T cell development in mouse and human, a low-frequency population of immature CD4−CD8− double-negative (DN) thymocytes expresses early, mature αβ T cell antigen receptor (TCR). We report that these early αβ TCR+ DN (EADN) cells are DN3b-DN4 stage and require CD3δ but not major histocompatibility complex (MHC) for their generation/detection. When MHC - is present, however, EADN cells can respond to it, displaying a degree of coreceptor-independent MHC reactivity not typical of mature, conventional αβ T cells. We found these data to be connected with observations that EADN cells were susceptible to T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) transformation in both humans and mice. Using the OT-1 TCR transgenic system to model EADN-stage αβ TCR expression, we found that EADN leukemogenesis required MHC to induce development of T-ALL bearing NOTCH1 mutations. This leukemia-driving MHC requirement could be lost, however, upon passaging the tumors in vivo, even when matching MHC was continuously present in recipient animals and on the tumor cells themselves. These data demonstrate that MHC:TCR signaling can be required to initiate a cancer phenotype from an understudied developmental state that appears to be represented in the mouse and human disease spectrum.
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9
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Parriott G, Kee BL. E Protein Transcription Factors as Suppressors of T Lymphocyte Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:885144. [PMID: 35514954 PMCID: PMC9065262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.885144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T Lymphocyte Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive disease arising from transformation of T lymphocytes during their development. The mutation spectrum of T-ALL has revealed critical regulators of the growth and differentiation of normal and leukemic T lymphocytes. Approximately, 60% of T-ALLs show aberrant expression of the hematopoietic stem cell-associated helix-loop-helix transcription factors TAL1 and LYL1. TAL1 and LYL1 function in multiprotein complexes that regulate gene expression in T-ALL but they also antagonize the function of the E protein homodimers that are critical regulators of T cell development. Mice lacking E2A, or ectopically expressing TAL1, LYL1, or other inhibitors of E protein function in T cell progenitors, also succumb to an aggressive T-ALL-like disease highlighting that E proteins promote T cell development and suppress leukemogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of E2A in T cell development and how alterations in E protein function underlie leukemogenesis. We focus on the role of TAL1 and LYL1 and the genes that are dysregulated in E2a-/- T cell progenitors that contribute to human T-ALL. These studies reveal novel mechanisms of transformation and provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for intervention in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Parriott
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Barbara L Kee
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Fregona V, Bayet M, Gerby B. Oncogene-Induced Reprogramming in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Towards Targeted Therapy of Leukemia-Initiating Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215511. [PMID: 34771671 PMCID: PMC8582707 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a diversity of genetic alterations, following a sophisticated and controversial organization. In this review, we present and discuss the concepts exploring the cellular, molecular and functional heterogeneity of leukemic cells. We also review the emerging evidence indicating that cell plasticity and oncogene-induced reprogramming should be considered at the biological and clinical levels as critical mechanisms for identifying and targeting leukemia-initiating cells. Abstract Our understanding of the hierarchical structure of acute leukemia has yet to be fully translated into therapeutic approaches. Indeed, chemotherapy still has to take into account the possibility that leukemia-initiating cells may have a distinct chemosensitivity profile compared to the bulk of the tumor, and therefore are spared by the current treatment, causing the relapse of the disease. Therefore, the identification of the cell-of-origin of leukemia remains a longstanding question and an exciting challenge in cancer research of the last few decades. With a particular focus on acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we present in this review the previous and current concepts exploring the phenotypic, genetic and functional heterogeneity in patients. We also discuss the benefits of using engineered mouse models to explore the early steps of leukemia development and to identify the biological mechanisms driving the emergence of leukemia-initiating cells. Finally, we describe the major prospects for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies that specifically target their aberrant stem cell-like functions.
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11
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T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Biomarkers and Their Clinical Usefulness. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081118. [PMID: 34440292 PMCID: PMC8394887 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) are immature lymphoid tumors localizing in the bone marrow, mediastinum, central nervous system, and lymphoid organs. They account for 10-15% of pediatric and about 25% of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases. It is a widely heterogeneous disease that is caused by the co-occurrence of multiple genetic abnormalities, which are acquired over time, and once accumulated, lead to full-blown leukemia. Recurrently affected genes deregulate pivotal cell processes, such as cycling (CDKN1B, RB1, TP53), signaling transduction (RAS pathway, IL7R/JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT), epigenetics (PRC2 members, PHF6), and protein translation (RPL10, CNOT3). A remarkable role is played by NOTCH1 and CDKN2A, as they are altered in more than half of the cases. The activation of the NOTCH1 signaling affects thymocyte specification and development, while CDKN2A haploinsufficiency/inactivation, promotes cell cycle progression. Among recurrently involved oncogenes, a major role is exerted by T-cell-specific transcription factors, whose deregulated expression interferes with normal thymocyte development and causes a stage-specific differentiation arrest. Hence, TAL and/or LMO deregulation is typical of T-ALL with a mature phenotype (sCD3 positive) that of TLX1, NKX2-1, or TLX3, of cortical T-ALL (CD1a positive); HOXA and MEF2C are instead over-expressed in subsets of Early T-cell Precursor (ETP; immature phenotype) and early T-ALL. Among immature T-ALL, genomic alterations, that cause BCL11B transcriptional deregulation, identify a specific genetic subgroup. Although comprehensive cytogenetic and molecular studies have shed light on the genetic background of T-ALL, biomarkers are not currently adopted in the diagnostic workup of T-ALL, and only a limited number of studies have assessed their clinical implications. In this review, we will focus on recurrent T-ALL abnormalities that define specific leukemogenic pathways and on oncogenes/oncosuppressors that can serve as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, we will discuss how the complex genomic profile of T-ALL can be used to address and test innovative/targeted therapeutic options.
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12
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Zhang C, Amanda S, Wang C, King Tan T, Zulfaqar Ali M, Zhong Leong W, Moy Ng L, Kitajima S, Li Z, Eng Juh Yeoh A, Hao Tan S, Sanda T. Oncorequisite role of an aldehyde dehydrogenase in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2021; 106:1545-1558. [PMID: 32414855 PMCID: PMC8168519 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.245639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) are overexpressed in various types of cancers. One of the ALDH family genes, ALDH1A2, is aberrantly expressed in more than 50% of cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, its molecular function and role in the pathogenesis of T-ALL are largely unknown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and RNA-sequencing analyses showed that the oncogenic transcription factor TAL1 and its regulatory partners bind to the intronic regulatory element of the ALDH1A2 gene, directly inducing a T-ALL-specific isoform with enzymatic activity. ALDH1A2 was preferentially expressed in the TAL1-positive T-ALL subgroup. In TALL cell lines, depletion of ALDH1A2 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, gene expression and metabolomic profiling revealed that ALDH1A2 supported glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, accompanied by NADH production, by affecting multiple metabolic enzymes to promote ATP production. Depletion of ALDH1A2 increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, while the levels were reduced by ALDH1A2 overexpression both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of ALDH1A2 accelerated tumor onset and increased tumor penetrance in a zebrafish model of T-ALL. Taken together, our results indicate that ALDH1A2 protects against intracellular stress and promotes T-ALL cell metabolism and survival. ALDH1A2 overexpression enables leukemic clones to sustain a hyper-proliferative state driven by oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujing Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stella Amanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze King Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Zhong Leong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ley Moy Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shojiro Kitajima
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Allen Eng Juh Yeoh
- Dept of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore and Cancer Science Institute of Singapore
| | - Shi Hao Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Ferreira A, Aster JC. Notch signaling in cancer: Complexity and challenges on the path to clinical translation. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:95-106. [PMID: 33862222 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Notch receptors participate in a conserved pathway in which ligands expressed on neighboring cells trigger a series of proteolytic cleavages that allow the intracellular portion of the receptor to travel to the nucleus and form a short-lived transcription complex that turns on target gene expression. The directness and seeming simplicity of this signaling mechanism belies the complexity of the outcomes of Notch signaling in normal cells, which are highly context and dosage dependent. This complexity is reflected in the diverse roles of Notch in cancers of various types, in which Notch may be oncogenic or tumor suppressive and may have a wide spectrum of effects on tumor cells and stromal elements. This review provides an overview of the roles of Notch in cancer and discusses challenges to clinical translation of Notch targeting agents as well as approaches that may overcome these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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14
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Takam Kamga P, Bazzoni R, Dal Collo G, Cassaro A, Tanasi I, Russignan A, Tecchio C, Krampera M. The Role of Notch and Wnt Signaling in MSC Communication in Normal and Leukemic Bone Marrow Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:599276. [PMID: 33490067 PMCID: PMC7820188 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and Wnt signaling are highly conserved intercellular communication pathways involved in developmental processes, such as hematopoiesis. Even though data from literature support a role for these two pathways in both physiological hematopoiesis and leukemia, there are still many controversies concerning the nature of their contribution. Early studies, strengthened by findings from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), have focused their investigation on the mutations in genes encoding for components of the pathways, with limited results except for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in because in other leukemia the two pathways could be hyper-expressed without genetic abnormalities. As normal and malignant hematopoiesis require close and complex interactions between hematopoietic cells and specialized bone marrow (BM) niche cells, recent studies have focused on the role of Notch and Wnt signaling in the context of normal crosstalk between hematopoietic/leukemia cells and stromal components. Amongst the latter, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) play a pivotal role as multipotent non-hematopoietic cells capable of giving rise to most of the BM niche stromal cells, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, and osteocytes. Indeed, MSCs express and secrete a broad pattern of bioactive molecules, including Notch and Wnt molecules, that support all the phases of the hematopoiesis, including self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Herein, we provide an overview on recent advances on the contribution of MSC-derived Notch and Wnt signaling to hematopoiesis and leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Takam Kamga
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EA4340-BCOH, Biomarker in Cancerology and Onco-Haematology, UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Dal Collo
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adriana Cassaro
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tanasi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Russignan
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Tecchio
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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15
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Hsu J, Huang HT, Lee CT, Choudhuri A, Wilson NK, Abraham BJ, Moignard V, Kucinski I, Yu S, Hyde RK, Tober J, Cai X, Li Y, Guo Y, Yang S, Superdock M, Trompouki E, Calero-Nieto FJ, Ghamari A, Jiang J, Gao P, Gao L, Nguyen V, Robertson AL, Durand EM, Kathrein KL, Aifantis I, Gerber SA, Tong W, Tan K, Cantor AB, Zhou Y, Liu PP, Young RA, Göttgens B, Speck NA, Zon LI. CHD7 and Runx1 interaction provides a braking mechanism for hematopoietic differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23626-23635. [PMID: 32883883 PMCID: PMC7519295 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003228117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation and lineage differentiation involve gene expression programs orchestrated by transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. Genetic disruption of the chromatin remodeler chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) expanded phenotypic HSPCs, erythroid, and myeloid lineages in zebrafish and mouse embryos. CHD7 acts to suppress hematopoietic differentiation. Binding motifs for RUNX and other hematopoietic transcription factors are enriched at sites occupied by CHD7, and decreased RUNX1 occupancy correlated with loss of CHD7 localization. CHD7 physically interacts with RUNX1 and suppresses RUNX1-induced expansion of HSPCs during development through modulation of RUNX1 activity. Consequently, the RUNX1:CHD7 axis provides proper timing and function of HSPCs as they emerge during hematopoietic development or mature in adults, representing a distinct and evolutionarily conserved control mechanism to ensure accurate hematopoietic lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Hsu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hsuan-Ting Huang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chung-Tsai Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Avik Choudhuri
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Victoria Moignard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Shuqian Yu
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - R Katherine Hyde
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joanna Tober
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Xiongwei Cai
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yan Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yalin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael Superdock
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Fernando J Calero-Nieto
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Alireza Ghamari
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Peng Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Long Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Anne L Robertson
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ellen M Durand
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Katie L Kathrein
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alan B Cantor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - P Paul Liu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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16
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Meisel CT, Porcheri C, Mitsiadis TA. Cancer Stem Cells, Quo Vadis? The Notch Signaling Pathway in Tumor Initiation and Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081879. [PMID: 32796631 PMCID: PMC7463613 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, cytodifferentiation and cell fate decisions in both embryonic and adult life. Several aspects of stem cell maintenance are dependent from the functionality and fine tuning of the Notch pathway. In cancer, Notch is specifically involved in preserving self-renewal and amplification of cancer stem cells, supporting the formation, spread and recurrence of the tumor. As the function of Notch signaling is context dependent, we here provide an overview of its activity in a variety of tumors, focusing mostly on its role in the maintenance of the undifferentiated subset of cancer cells. Finally, we analyze the potential of molecules of the Notch pathway as diagnostic and therapeutic tools against the various cancers.
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17
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张 佳, 舒 逸, 张 虹, 蒋 婷, 宫 茂, 朱 丹, 王 皓, 邹 琳. [β-arrestin1 overexpression suppresses progression of human T-cell acute lymphatic leukemia Molt-4 cell xenograft in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:654-660. [PMID: 32897219 PMCID: PMC7277325 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of β-arrestin1 overexpression on tumor progression in a NCG mouse model bearing T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) Molt-4 cell xenograft. METHODS Molt-4 cells were tagged with firefly-luciferase (F-Luc) by lentiviral infection, and fluorescence intensity of the cells was detected using a luminescence detector. Molt-4 cell lines with β-arrestin1 overexpression or knockdown were constructed by lentivirus infection and injected via the tail vein in sub-lethal irradiated NCG mice. Body weight changes and survival time of the xenografted mice were observed, and the progression of T-ALL in the mice was evaluated using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Sixteen days after xenografting, the mice were euthanatized and tumor cell infiltration was observed in the slices of the liver and spleen. RESULTS We successfully tagged Molt-4 cells with F-Luc and overexpressed or knocked down β-arrestin1 in the tagged cells. Bioluminescent imaging showed obvious luminescence catalyzed by F-Luc in Molt-4 cells. After injection of Molt-4-Luc cells into irradiated NCG mice, a gradual enhancement of luminescence in the xenografted mice was observed over time, while the body weight of the mice decreased. Compared with the control mice, the mice xenografted with β-arrestin1-overexpressing Molt-4 cells had significantly prolonged survival time (P < 0.001), while the survival time of the mice xenografted with Molt-4 cells with β- arrestin1 knockdown was significantly shortened (P < 0.001). Histological examination revealed fewer infiltrating tumor cells in the liver and spleen of the mice xenografted with β-arrestin1-overexpressing Molt-4 cells in comparison with the mice bearing parental Molt-4 cell xenografts. CONCLUSIONS β-arrestin1 overexpression suppresses tumor progression in mice bearing Molt-4 cell xenograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- 佳 张
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院临床分子医学中心//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//国家儿童健康与疾病 临床医学研究中心//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//重庆市干细胞治疗工程技术研究中心,重庆 400014Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 逸 舒
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院临床分子医学中心//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//国家儿童健康与疾病 临床医学研究中心//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//重庆市干细胞治疗工程技术研究中心,重庆 400014Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 虹洋 张
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院临床分子医学中心//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//国家儿童健康与疾病 临床医学研究中心//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//重庆市干细胞治疗工程技术研究中心,重庆 400014Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 婷婷 蒋
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院临床分子医学中心//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//国家儿童健康与疾病 临床医学研究中心//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//重庆市干细胞治疗工程技术研究中心,重庆 400014Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 茂源 宫
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院临床分子医学中心//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//国家儿童健康与疾病 临床医学研究中心//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//重庆市干细胞治疗工程技术研究中心,重庆 400014Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 丹 朱
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院临床分子医学中心//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//国家儿童健康与疾病 临床医学研究中心//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//重庆市干细胞治疗工程技术研究中心,重庆 400014Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 皓飚 王
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院临床分子医学中心//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//国家儿童健康与疾病 临床医学研究中心//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//重庆市干细胞治疗工程技术研究中心,重庆 400014Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 琳 邹
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院临床分子医学中心//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//国家儿童健康与疾病 临床医学研究中心//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//重庆市干细胞治疗工程技术研究中心,重庆 400014Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
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18
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Kuang Y, Golan O, Preusse K, Cain B, Christensen CJ, Salomone J, Campbell I, Okwubido-Williams FV, Hass MR, Yuan Z, Eafergan N, Moberg KH, Kovall RA, Kopan R, Sprinzak D, Gebelein B. Enhancer architecture sensitizes cell specific responses to Notch gene dose via a bind and discard mechanism. eLife 2020; 9:53659. [PMID: 32297857 PMCID: PMC7213981 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch pathway haploinsufficiency can cause severe developmental syndromes with highly variable penetrance. Currently, we have a limited mechanistic understanding of phenotype variability due to gene dosage. Here, we unexpectedly found that inserting an enhancer containing pioneer transcription factor sites coupled to Notch dimer sites can induce a subset of Notch haploinsufficiency phenotypes in Drosophila with wild type Notch gene dose. Using Drosophila genetics, we show that this enhancer induces Notch phenotypes in a Cdk8-dependent, transcription-independent manner. We further combined mathematical modeling with quantitative trait and expression analysis to build a model that describes how changes in Notch signal production versus degradation differentially impact cellular outcomes that require long versus short signal duration. Altogether, these findings support a 'bind and discard' mechanism in which enhancers with specific binding sites promote rapid Cdk8-dependent Notch turnover, and thereby reduce Notch-dependent transcription at other loci and sensitize tissues to gene dose based upon signal duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kuang
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Ohad Golan
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kristina Preusse
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Brittany Cain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Collin J Christensen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Joseph Salomone
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, United States.,Medical-Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Ian Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Hass
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Zhenyu Yuan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Nathanel Eafergan
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Rhett A Kovall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - David Sprinzak
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Brian Gebelein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
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19
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Dubois S, Feigenbaum L, Waldmann TA, Müller JR. NK cells prevent T cell lymphoma development in T cell receptor-transgenic mice. Cell Immunol 2020; 352:104081. [PMID: 32143838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mice that express a single transgenic T cell receptor have a low incidence of T cell lymphoma development. We investigated whether this tumor development is restricted by surveillance mechanisms that are exerted by IL-15-dependent cells. Lymphoma incidence was increased to between 30 and 60% when TCR transgenes were expressed in IL-15-deficient mice. Mice in which NK cells had been depleted genetically or with neutralizing antibodies allowed lymphoma growth while the absence of CD8 T cells was without consequence. Half of the emerged T cell lymphomas carried Notch1 mutations. The distinct phenotype of the lymphomas involved expression of PD1, CD30, CD24, the stress receptor ligand Mult1 and MHC class I down-regulation. NK cells were able to directly lyse lymphoma cells, and neutralizations of Mult1 and class I expression prevented NK cell degranulation. Together these data support an involvement of NK cells in tumor surveillance of nascent T cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Dubois
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lionel Feigenbaum
- Science Applications International Corporation/Frederick, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jürgen R Müller
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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20
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Guo J, Fu W, Xiang M, Zhang Y, Zhou K, Xu CR, Li L, Kuang D, Ye F. Notch1 Drives the Formation and Proliferation of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:929-937. [PMID: 31845224 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are not clear yet. In this study, we investigated the involvement of Notch1 in the development of ICC. The cDNA microarray analysis showed that Notch1 expression was higher in ICC tissues than in normal biliary epithelial cells. Stable transfection of Notch1 receptor intracellular domain (NICD1) by hydrodynamic tail vein injection induced ICC formation in mice. Western blotting confirmed that Notch1 signaling was activated in human ICC cell lines and mouse ICC tissues. Silencing Notch1 with specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the proliferation of ICC cells. Flow cytometry and Western blotting indicated that apoptosis was induced in Notch1-silenced ICC cells compared with controls. Additionally, Notch1 silencing was associated with the inhibition of hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) and activation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/p53 pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that Notch1 drives ICC formation and proliferation; downregulation of Notch1 induces apoptosis in ICC cells; Notch1 signaling may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wen Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chuan-Rui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Kuang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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21
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Therapeutic Targeting of Notch Signaling Pathway in Hematological Malignancies. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2019; 11:e2019037. [PMID: 31308913 PMCID: PMC6613627 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2019.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway plays a key role in several processes, including stem-cell self-renewal, proliferation, and cell differentiation. Several studies identified recurrent mutations in hematological malignancies making Notch one of the most desirable targets in leukemia and lymphoma. The Notch signaling mediates resistance to therapy and controls cancer stem cells supporting the development of on-target therapeutic strategies to improve patients’ outcome. In this brief review, we outline the therapeutic potential of targeting Notch pathway in T-cell acute jlymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and mantle cell lymphoma.
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22
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Gachet S, El-Chaar T, Avran D, Genesca E, Catez F, Quentin S, Delord M, Thérizols G, Briot D, Meunier G, Hernandez L, Pla M, Smits WK, Buijs-Gladdines JG, Van Loocke W, Menschaert G, André-Schmutz I, Taghon T, Van Vlierberghe P, Meijerink JP, Baruchel A, Dombret H, Clappier E, Diaz JJ, Gazin C, de Thé H, Sigaux F, Soulier J. Deletion 6q Drives T-cell Leukemia Progression by Ribosome Modulation. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1614-1631. [PMID: 30266814 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of chromosome 6q is a well-recognized abnormality found in poor-prognosis T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Using integrated genomic approaches, we identified two candidate haploinsufficient genes contiguous at 6q14, SYNCRIP (encoding hnRNP-Q) and SNHG5 (that hosts snoRNAs), both involved in regulating RNA maturation and translation. Combined silencing of both genes, but not of either gene alone, accelerated leukemogeneis in a Tal1/Lmo1/Notch1-driven mouse model, demonstrating the tumor-suppressive nature of the two-gene region. Proteomic and translational profiling of cells in which we engineered a short 6q deletion by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing indicated decreased ribosome and mitochondrial activities, suggesting that the resulting metabolic changes may regulate tumor progression. Indeed, xenograft experiments showed an increased leukemia-initiating cell activity of primary human leukemic cells upon coextinction of SYNCRIP and SNHG5. Our findings not only elucidate the nature of 6q deletion but also highlight the role of ribosomes and mitochondria in T-ALL tumor progression. SIGNIFICANCE: The oncogenic role of 6q deletion in T-ALL has remained elusive since this chromosomal abnormality was first identified more than 40 years ago. We combined genomic analysis and functional models to show that the codeletion of two contiguous genes at 6q14 enhances malignancy through deregulation of a ribosome-mitochondria axis, suggesting the potential for therapeutic intervention.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Gachet
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tiama El-Chaar
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David Avran
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Laboratory APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Eulalia Genesca
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Catez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard; Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Samuel Quentin
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Laboratory APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Thérizols
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard; Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Briot
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Laboratory APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Godelieve Meunier
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Hernandez
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marika Pla
- Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 940, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Willem K Smits
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica G Buijs-Gladdines
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Isabelle André-Schmutz
- U1163 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Tom Taghon
- Cancer Research Institute, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jules P Meijerink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - André Baruchel
- Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Pediatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Clappier
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Laboratory APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard; Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Claude Gazin
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Sigaux
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Laboratory APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. .,Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Laboratory APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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23
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Ghezzo MN, Fernandes MT, Pacheco-Leyva I, Rodrigues PM, Machado RS, Araújo MAS, Kalathur RK, Futschik ME, Alves NL, dos Santos NR. FoxN1-dependent thymic epithelial cells promote T-cell leukemia development. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1463-1476. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marinella N Ghezzo
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica T Fernandes
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ivette Pacheco-Leyva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
- Thymus Development and Function Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui S Machado
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- ProRegeM PhD Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marta A S Araújo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ravi K Kalathur
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Matthias E Futschik
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine (ITSMED), University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Nuno L Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
- Thymus Development and Function Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno R dos Santos
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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24
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Tan TK, Zhang C, Sanda T. Oncogenic transcriptional program driven by TAL1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Hematol 2018; 109:5-17. [PMID: 30145780 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TAL1/SCL is a prime example of an oncogenic transcription factor that is abnormally expressed in acute leukemia due to the replacement of regulator elements. This gene has also been recognized as an essential regulator of hematopoiesis. TAL1 expression is strictly regulated in a lineage- and stage-specific manner. Such precise control is crucial for the switching of the transcriptional program. The misexpression of TAL1 in immature thymocytes leads to a widespread series of orchestrated downstream events that affect several different cellular machineries, resulting in a lethal consequence, namely T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In this article, we will discuss the transcriptional regulatory network and downstream target genes, including protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs, controlled by TAL1 in normal hematopoiesis and T-cell leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze King Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chujing Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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25
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Oncogenic hijacking of the stress response machinery in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Med 2018; 24:1157-1166. [PMID: 30038221 PMCID: PMC6082694 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular transformation is accompanied by extensive re-wiring of many biological processes leading to augmented levels of distinct types of cellular stress, including proteotoxic stress. Cancer cells critically depend on stress-relief pathways for their survival. However, the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional initiation and maintenance of the oncogenic stress response remain elusive. Here, we show that the expression of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) and the downstream mediators of the heat shock response is transcriptionally upregulated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Hsf1 ablation suppresses the growth of human T-ALL and eradicates leukemia in mouse models of T-ALL, while sparing normal hematopoiesis. HSF1 drives a compact transcriptional program and among the direct HSF1 targets, specific chaperones and co-chaperones mediate its critical role in T-ALL. Notably, we demonstrate that the central T-ALL oncogene NOTCH1 hijacks the cellular stress response machinery by inducing the expression of HSF1 and its downstream effectors. The NOTCH1 signaling status controls the levels of chaperone/co-chaperone complexes and predicts the response of T-ALL patient samples to HSP90 inhibition. Our data demonstrate an integral crosstalk between mediators of oncogene and non-oncogene addiction and reveal critical nodes of the heat shock response pathway that can be targeted therapeutically.
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26
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Robles-Valero J, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Fernández-Pisonero I, Bustelo XR. Rho guanosine nucleotide exchange factors are not such bad guys after all in cancer a. Small GTPases 2018; 11:233-239. [PMID: 29313423 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1423851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP/GTP exchange factors (GEFs), the enzymes that trigger the stimulation of Rho GTPases during cell signaling, are widely deemed as potential therapeutic targets owing to their protumorigenic functions. However, the sparse use of animal models has precluded a full understanding of their pathophysiological roles at the organismal level. In a recent article in Cancer Cell, we have reported that the Vav1 GEF unexpectedly acts as a tumor suppressor by mediating the noncatalytic nucleation of cytoplasmic complexes between the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b and the active Notch1 intracellular domain (ICN1). These complexes favor the ubiquitinylation-mediated degradation of ICN1 in the proteosome and, therefore, the dampening of ICN1 signals in cells. The elimination of Vav1 in mice exacerbates ICN1 signaling in specific thymocyte subpopulations and, in collaboration with ancillary mutations, prompts the development of ICN1-driven T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). This new Vav1-dependent pathway antagonizes the fitness of T-ALL of the TLX+ clinical subtype in humans. As a result, VAV1 is found recurrently silenced in both TLX+ T-ALL cell lines and patients. These results call for an overall reevaluation of Rho GEF function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Robles-Valero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - L Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernández-Pisonero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
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27
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Abstract
Notch is commonly activated in lymphoid malignancies through ligand-independent and ligand-dependent mechanisms. In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL), ligand-independent activation predominates. Negative Regulatory Region (NRR) mutations trigger supraphysiological Notch1 activation by exposing the S2 site to proteolytic cleavage in the absence of ligand. Subsequently, cleavage at the S3 site generates the activated form of Notch, intracellular Notch (ICN). In contrast to T-ALL, in mature lymphoid neoplasms such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the S2 cleavage site is exposed through ligand-receptor interactions. Thus, agents that disrupt ligand-receptor interactions might be useful for treating these malignancies. Notch activation can be enhanced by mutations that delete the C-terminal proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T) (PEST) domain. These mutations do not activate the Notch pathway per se, but rather impair degradation of ICN. In this chapter, we review the mechanisms of Notch activation and the importance of Notch for the genesis and maintenance of lymphoid malignancies. Unfortunately, targeting the Notch pathway with pan-Notch inhibitors in clinical trials has proven challenging. These clinical trials have encountered dose-limiting on-target toxicities and primary resistance. Strategies to overcome these challenges have emerged from the identification and improved understanding of direct oncogenic Notch target genes. Other strategies have arisen from new insights into the "nuclear context" that selectively directs Notch functions in lymphoid cancers. This nuclear context is created by factors that co-bind ICN at cell-type specific transcriptional regulatory elements. Disrupting the functions of these proteins or inhibiting downstream oncogenic pathways might combat cancer without the intolerable side effects of pan-Notch inhibition.
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28
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Liu B, Mitani Y, Rao X, Zafereo M, Zhang J, Zhang J, Futreal PA, Lozano G, El-Naggar AK. Spatio-Temporal Genomic Heterogeneity, Phylogeny, and Metastatic Evolution in Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3855145. [PMID: 29117356 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), an uncommon and indolent salivary gland malignancy, is characterized by varied morphologic and clinical manifestations. Molecular genetic studies of ACC identified certain structural and mutational alterations that may play a driver role in tumor development. The evolution and regional consistency of these events in ACC development progression are uncertain. Methods To investigate the spatial and temporal clonal landscape of ACC, whole-genome sequencing and variant analyses were performed on 34 regionally sampled primary tumors and their concurrent and metachronous metastatic deposits from eight patients. Results The average mutation rate per case (primary and metastasis) was 0.32 per million base pairs, and the average incidence of shared mutations in primary and metastatic specimens in each case was 21.9% (range = 0%-44.4%). The analyses revealed considerable spatial clonal differences within and between primary tumors and metastatic disease. Phylogeny formation displayed branching evolution with a main trunk and two distinct mono-splits in all cases. One of the main branches represented intratumor subclonal diversity, and the other delineated metastatic departure and progression. All metastatic tumors shared clonal linkage to their matching primary in concordance with parallel dissemination of metastasis. Synchronous metastases were genomically more similar to their primary than metachronous metastatic disease. Truncal genetic alterations included somatic mutations in the NOTCH pathway genes (NOTCH1 and SPEN) and t(6;9) associated gene fusions. Conclusions Our study delineated clonal and subclonal phylogeny for primary and metastatic ACC, defined early genetic drivers, and provides a conceptual framework for a rational strategy to integrate heterogeneity in clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Genetics and The Center for Genetics and Genomics (BL, XR, GL), Pathology (YM, AKEN), Head and Neck Surgery (MZ), Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology (JianjZ), and Genomic Medicine (JianjZ, JianhZ, PAF), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Genetics and The Center for Genetics and Genomics (BL, XR, GL), Pathology (YM, AKEN), Head and Neck Surgery (MZ), Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology (JianjZ), and Genomic Medicine (JianjZ, JianhZ, PAF), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiayu Rao
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Genetics and The Center for Genetics and Genomics (BL, XR, GL), Pathology (YM, AKEN), Head and Neck Surgery (MZ), Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology (JianjZ), and Genomic Medicine (JianjZ, JianhZ, PAF), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mark Zafereo
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Genetics and The Center for Genetics and Genomics (BL, XR, GL), Pathology (YM, AKEN), Head and Neck Surgery (MZ), Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology (JianjZ), and Genomic Medicine (JianjZ, JianhZ, PAF), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Genetics and The Center for Genetics and Genomics (BL, XR, GL), Pathology (YM, AKEN), Head and Neck Surgery (MZ), Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology (JianjZ), and Genomic Medicine (JianjZ, JianhZ, PAF), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Genetics and The Center for Genetics and Genomics (BL, XR, GL), Pathology (YM, AKEN), Head and Neck Surgery (MZ), Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology (JianjZ), and Genomic Medicine (JianjZ, JianhZ, PAF), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Genetics and The Center for Genetics and Genomics (BL, XR, GL), Pathology (YM, AKEN), Head and Neck Surgery (MZ), Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology (JianjZ), and Genomic Medicine (JianjZ, JianhZ, PAF), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Genetics and The Center for Genetics and Genomics (BL, XR, GL), Pathology (YM, AKEN), Head and Neck Surgery (MZ), Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology (JianjZ), and Genomic Medicine (JianjZ, JianhZ, PAF), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Genetics and The Center for Genetics and Genomics (BL, XR, GL), Pathology (YM, AKEN), Head and Neck Surgery (MZ), Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology (JianjZ), and Genomic Medicine (JianjZ, JianhZ, PAF), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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29
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Robles-Valero J, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Menacho-Márquez M, Fernández-Pisonero I, Abad A, Camós M, Toribio ML, Espinosa L, Bigas A, Bustelo XR. A Paradoxical Tumor-Suppressor Role for the Rac1 Exchange Factor Vav1 in T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:608-623.e9. [PMID: 29136506 PMCID: PMC5691892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanine exchange factors (GEFs), the enzymes that stimulate Rho GTPases, are deemed as potential therapeutic targets owing to their protumorigenic functions. However, the understanding of the spectrum of their pathobiological roles in tumors is still very limited. We report here that the GEF Vav1 unexpectedly possesses tumor-suppressor functions in immature T cells. This function entails the noncatalytic nucleation of complexes between the ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b and the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1) that favors ICN1 ubiquitinylation and degradation. Ablation of Vav1 promotes ICN1 signaling and the development of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The downregulation of Vav1 is essential for the pathogenesis of human T-ALL of the TLX+ clinical subtype, further underscoring the suppressor role of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Robles-Valero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - L Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mauricio Menacho-Márquez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernández-Pisonero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mireia Camós
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - María L Toribio
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC - Madrid Autonomous University, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC - University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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30
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Tan SH, Bertulfo FC, Sanda T. Leukemia-Initiating Cells in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2017; 7:218. [PMID: 29034206 PMCID: PMC5627022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of immature T-cell precursors. T-ALL has many similar pathophysiological features to acute myeloid leukemia, which has been extensively studied in the establishment of the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, but the CSC concept in T-ALL is still debatable. Although leukemia-initiating cells (LICs), which can generate leukemia in a xenograft setting, have been found in both human T-ALL patients and animal models, the nature and origin of LICs are largely unknown. In this review, we discuss recent studies on LICs in T-ALL and the potential mechanisms of LIC emergence in this disease. We focus on the oncogenic transcription factors TAL1, LMO2, and NOTCH1 and highlight the significance of the transcriptional regulatory programs in normal hematopoietic stem cells and T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hao Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fatima Carla Bertulfo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Sanda T, Leong WZ. TAL1 as a master oncogenic transcription factor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2017; 53:7-15. [PMID: 28652130 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In hematopoietic cell development, the transcriptional program is strictly regulated in a lineage- and stage-specific manner that requires a number of transcription factors to work in a cascade or in a loop, in addition to interactions with nonhematopoietic cells in the microenvironment. Disruption of the transcriptional program alters the cellular state and may predispose cells to the acquisition of genetic abnormalities. Early studies have shown that proteins that promote cell differentiation often serve as tumor suppressors, whereas inhibitors of those proteins act as oncogenes in the context of acute leukemia. A prime example is T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), a malignant disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of immature stage thymocytes. Although a relatively small number of genetic abnormalities are observed in T-ALL, these abnormalities are crucial for leukemogenesis. Many oncogenes and tumor suppressors in T-ALL are transcription factors that are required for normal hematopoiesis. The transformation process in T-ALL is efficient and orchestrated; the oncogene disrupts the transcriptional program directing T-cell differentiation and also uses its native ability as a master transcription factor in hematopoiesis. This imbalance in the transcriptional program is a primary determinant underlying the molecular pathogenesis of T-ALL. In this review, we focus on the oncogenic transcription factor TAL1 and the tumor-suppressor E-proteins and discuss the malignant cell state, the transcriptional circuit, and the consequence of molecular abnormalities in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Wei Zhong Leong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Rahman S, Magnussen M, León TE, Farah N, Li Z, Abraham BJ, Alapi KZ, Mitchell RJ, Naughton T, Fielding AK, Pizzey A, Bustraan S, Allen C, Popa T, Pike-Overzet K, Garcia-Perez L, Gale RE, Linch DC, Staal FJT, Young RA, Look AT, Mansour MR. Activation of the LMO2 oncogene through a somatically acquired neomorphic promoter in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2017; 129:3221-3226. [PMID: 28270453 PMCID: PMC5472898 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-742148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations within noncoding genomic regions that aberrantly activate oncogenes have remained poorly characterized. Here we describe recurrent activating intronic mutations of LMO2, a prominent oncogene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Heterozygous mutations were identified in PF-382 and DU.528 T-ALL cell lines in addition to 3.7% of pediatric (6 of 160) and 5.5% of adult (9 of 163) T-ALL patient samples. The majority of indels harbor putative de novo MYB, ETS1, or RUNX1 consensus binding sites. Analysis of 5'-capped RNA transcripts in mutant cell lines identified the usage of an intermediate promoter site, with consequential monoallelic LMO2 overexpression. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of the mutant allele in PF-382 cells markedly downregulated LMO2 expression, establishing clear causality between the mutation and oncogene dysregulation. Furthermore, the spectrum of CRISPR/Cas9-derived mutations provides important insights into the interconnected contributions of functional transcription factor binding. Finally, these mutations occur in the same intron as retroviral integration sites in gene therapy-induced T-ALL, suggesting that such events occur at preferential sites in the noncoding genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniyat Rahman
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Magnussen
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theresa E León
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Farah
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Krisztina Z Alapi
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel J Mitchell
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Naughton
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adele K Fielding
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnold Pizzey
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Bustraan
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Allen
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teodora Popa
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Garcia-Perez
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemary E Gale
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C Linch
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Marc R Mansour
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Aberrant activation of the GIMAP enhancer by oncogenic transcription factors in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:1798-1807. [PMID: 28028313 PMCID: PMC5529293 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor TAL1/SCL is one of the most prevalent oncogenes in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), a malignant disorder resulting from leukemic transformation of thymus T-cell precursors. TAL1 is normally expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but is silenced in immature thymocytes. We hypothesize that TAL1 contributes to leukemogenesis by activating genes that are normally repressed in immature thymocytes. Herein, we identified a novel TAL1-regulated super-enhancer controlling the GIMAP locus, which resides within an insulated chromosomal locus in T-ALL cells. The GIMAP genes are expressed in HSCs and mature T-cells but are downregulated during the immature stage of thymocyte differentiation. The GIMAP enhancer is activated by TAL1, RUNX1 and GATA3 in human T-ALL cells but is repressed by E-proteins. Overexpression of human GIMAP genes in immature thymocytes alone does not induce tumorigenesis but accelerates leukemia development in zebrafish. Our results demonstrate that aberrant activation of the GIMAP enhancer contributes to T-cell leukemogenesis.
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34
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Ginn SL, Hallwirth CV, Liao SHY, Teber ET, Arthur JW, Wu J, Lee HC, Tay SS, Hu M, Reddel RR, McCormack MP, Thrasher AJ, Cavazzana M, Alexander SI, Alexander IE. Limiting Thymic Precursor Supply Increases the Risk of Lymphoid Malignancy in Murine X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 6:1-14. [PMID: 28325276 PMCID: PMC5363493 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In early gene therapy trials for SCID-X1, using γ-retroviral vectors, T cell leukemias developed in a subset of patients secondary to insertional proto-oncogene activation. In contrast, we have reported development of T cell leukemias in SCID-X1 mice following lentivirus-mediated gene therapy independent of insertional mutagenesis. A distinguishing feature in our study was that only a proportion of transplanted γc-deficient progenitors were transduced and therefore competent for reconstitution. We hypothesized that reconstitution of SCID-X1 mice with limiting numbers of hematopoietic progenitors might be a risk factor for lymphoid malignancy. To test this hypothesis, in the absence of transduction, SCID-X1 mice were reconstituted with serially fewer wild-type hematopoietic progenitors. A robust inverse correlation between hematopoietic progenitor cell dose and T-lymphoid malignancy was observed, with earlier disease onset at lower cell doses. Malignancies were of donor origin and carried activating Notch1 mutations. These findings align with emerging evidence that thymocyte self-renewal induced by progenitor deprivation carries an oncogenic risk that is modulated by intra-thymic competition from differentiation-committed cells. Although insertional proto-oncogene activation is required for the development of malignancy in humans, failure of γc-deficient thymocytes to effectively compete with this at-risk cell population may have also contributed to oncogenesis observed in early SCID-X1 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Ginn
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney and The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Claus V Hallwirth
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney and The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sophia H Y Liao
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney and The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Erdahl T Teber
- Bioinformatics Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jonathan W Arthur
- Bioinformatics Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Hong Ching Lee
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Szun S Tay
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney and The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Kidney Research of The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Roger R Reddel
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Matthew P McCormack
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Department of Biotherapy, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research of The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney and The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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35
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Liu S, Mitra R, Zhao MM, Fan W, Eischen CM, Yin F, Zhao Z. The Potential Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) in Glioblastoma Development. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2977-2986. [PMID: 27784795 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) may contribute to the initiation and progression of tumor. In this study, we first systematically compared lncRNA and mRNA expression between glioblastoma and paired normal brain tissues using microarray data. We found 27 lncRNA and 82 mRNA significantly upregulated in glioblastoma, as well as 198 lncRNA and 285 mRNA significantly downregulated in glioblastoma. We identified 138 coexpressed lncRNA-mRNA pairs from these differentially expressed lncRNA and genes. Subsequent pathway analysis of the lncRNA-paired genes indicated that EphrinB-EPHB, p75-mediated signaling, TNFα/NF-κB, and ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling pathways might be altered in glioblastoma. Specifically, lncRNA RAMP2-AS1 had significant decrease of expression in glioblastoma tissues and showed coexpressional relationship with NOTCH3, an important tumor promoter in many neoplastic diseases. Our follow up experiment indicated that (i) an overexpression of RAMP2-AS1 reduced glioblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and also reduced glioblastoma xenograft tumors in vivo; (ii) NOTCH3 and RAMP2-AS1 coexpression rescued the inhibitory action of RAMP2-AS1 in glioblastoma cells; and (iii) RNA pull-down assay revealed a direct interaction of RAMP2-AS1 with DHC10, which may consequently inhibit, as we hypothesize, the expression of NOTCH3 and its downstream signaling molecule HES1 in glioblastoma. Taken together, our data revealed that lncRNA expression profile in glioblastoma tissue was significantly altered; and RAMP2-AS1 might play a tumor suppressive role in glioblastoma through an indirect inhibition of NOTCH3 Our results provided some insights into understanding the key roles of lncRNA-mRNA coregulation in human glioblastoma and the mechanisms responsible for glioblastoma progression and pathogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2977-86. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital, PLA. Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital, PLA. Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- Department of Recombinant Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Feng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital, PLA. Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical University, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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36
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High selective pressure for Notch1 mutations that induce Myc in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2016; 128:2229-2240. [PMID: 27670423 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-692855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating NOTCH1 mutations are frequent in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and Notch inhibitors (γ-secretase inhibitors [GSIs]) have produced responses in patients with relapsed, refractory disease. However, sustained responses, although reported, are uncommon, suggesting that other pathways can substitute for Notch in T-ALL. To address this possibility, we first generated KrasG12D transgenic mice with T-cell-specific expression of the pan-Notch inhibitor, dominant-negative Mastermind (DNMAML). These mice developed leukemia, but instead of accessing alternative oncogenic pathways, the tumor cells acquired Notch1 mutations and subsequently deleted DNMAML, reinforcing the notion that activated Notch1 is particularly transforming within the context of T-cell progenitors. We next took a candidate approach to identify oncogenic pathways downstream of Notch, focusing on Myc and Akt, which are Notch targets in T-cell progenitors. KrasG12D mice transduced with Myc developed T-ALLs that were GSI-insensitive and lacked Notch1 mutations. In contrast, KrasG12D mice transduced with myristoylated AKT developed GSI-sensitive T-ALLs that acquired Notch1 mutations. Thus, Myc can substitute for Notch1 in leukemogenesis, whereas Akt cannot. These findings in primary tumors extend recent work using human T-ALL cell lines and xenografts and suggest that the Notch/Myc signaling axis is of predominant importance in understanding both the selective pressure for Notch mutations in T-ALL and response and resistance of T-ALL to Notch pathway inhibitors.
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37
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MicroRNA-101 regulates T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression and chemotherapeutic sensitivity by targeting Notch1. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2511-2516. [PMID: 27666896 PMCID: PMC5055196 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-101 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression and chemoresistance. Furthermore, a novel target gene of miR-101 was identified. Here, we confirmed that miR-101 was significantly downregulated in the blood samples of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) compared with the healthy controls, as determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) analysis. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that miR-101 significantly repressed the proliferation and invasion, and induced potent apoptosis in Jurkat cells, as determined by CCK-8, flow cytometer and cell invasion assays. Luciferase assay confirmed that Notch1 was a target gene of miR-101, and western blotting showed that miR-101 suppressed the expression of Notch1 at the protein level. Moreover, functional restoration assays revealed that Notch1 mediates the effects of miR-101 on Jurkat cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. miR-101 enhanced the sensitivity of Jurkat cells to the chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin. Taken together, our results show for the first time that miR-101 acts as a tumor suppressor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and it could enhance chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Furthermore, Notch1 was identified to be a novel target of miR-101. This study indicates that miR-101 may represent a potential therapeutic target for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia intervention.
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38
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Zebrafish Models of Human Leukemia: Technological Advances and Mechanistic Insights. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 916:335-69. [PMID: 27165361 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insights concerning leukemic pathophysiology have been acquired in various animal models and further efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying leukemic treatment resistance and disease relapse promise to improve therapeutic strategies. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate organism with a conserved hematopoietic program and unique experimental strengths suiting it for the investigation of human leukemia. Recent technological advances in zebrafish research including efficient transgenesis, precise genome editing, and straightforward transplantation techniques have led to the generation of a number of leukemia models. The transparency of the zebrafish when coupled with improved lineage-tracing and imaging techniques has revealed exquisite details of leukemic initiation, progression, and regression. With these advantages, the zebrafish represents a unique experimental system for leukemic research and additionally, advances in zebrafish-based high-throughput drug screening promise to hasten the discovery of novel leukemia therapeutics. To date, investigators have accumulated knowledge of the genetic underpinnings critical to leukemic transformation and treatment resistance and without doubt, zebrafish are rapidly expanding our understanding of disease mechanisms and helping to shape therapeutic strategies for improved outcomes in leukemic patients.
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A threshold level of NFATc1 activity facilitates thymocyte differentiation and opposes notch-driven leukaemia development. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11841. [PMID: 27312418 PMCID: PMC4915031 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NFATc1 plays a critical role in double-negative thymocyte survival and differentiation. However, the signals that regulate Nfatc1 expression are incompletely characterized. Here we show a developmental stage-specific differential expression pattern of Nfatc1 driven by the distal (P1) or proximal (P2) promoters in thymocytes. Whereas, preTCR-negative thymocytes exhibit only P2 promoter-derived Nfatc1β expression, preTCR-positive thymocytes express both Nfatc1β and P1 promoter-derived Nfatc1α transcripts. Inducing NFATc1α activity from P1 promoter in preTCR-negative thymocytes, in addition to the NFATc1β from P2 promoter impairs thymocyte development resulting in severe T-cell lymphopenia. In addition, we show that NFATc1 activity suppresses the B-lineage potential of immature thymocytes, and consolidates their differentiation to T cells. Further, in the pTCR-positive DN3 cells, a threshold level of NFATc1 activity is vital in facilitating T-cell differentiation and to prevent Notch3-induced T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Altogether, our results show NFATc1 activity is crucial in determining the T-cell fate of thymocytes. NFATc1 orchestrates thymocyte development. Here the authors show that NFATc1 expression is regulated by distinct promoters during thymocyte differentiation, and by conditional deletion of individual promoters in mice they define their specific roles in the control of T-cell development by NFATc1.
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40
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Stem Cell Leukemia: how a TALented actor can go awry on the hematopoietic stage. Leukemia 2016; 30:1968-1978. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Endogenous dendritic cells from the tumor microenvironment support T-ALL growth via IGF1R activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1016-25. [PMID: 26862168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520245113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells require stromal-derived signals to survive. Although many studies have identified cell-intrinsic alterations in signaling pathways that promote T-ALL growth, the identity of endogenous stromal cells and their associated signals in the tumor microenvironment that support T-ALL remains unknown. By examining the thymic tumor microenvironments in multiple murine T-ALL models and primary patient samples, we discovered the emergence of prominent epithelial-free regions, enriched for proliferating tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Systematic evaluation of the functional capacity of tumor-associated stromal cells revealed that myeloid cells, primarily DCs, are necessary and sufficient to support T-ALL survival ex vivo. DCs support T-ALL growth both in primary thymic tumors and at secondary tumor sites. To identify a molecular mechanism by which DCs support T-ALL growth, we first performed gene expression profiling, which revealed up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (Pdgfrb) and insulin-like growth factor I receptor (Igf1r) on T-ALL cells, with concomitant expression of their ligands by tumor-associated DCs. Both Pdgfrb and Igf1r were activated in ex vivo T-ALL cells, and coculture with tumor-associated, but not normal thymic DCs, sustained IGF1R activation. Furthermore, IGF1R signaling was necessary for DC-mediated T-ALL survival. Collectively, these studies provide the first evidence that endogenous tumor-associated DCs supply signals driving T-ALL growth, and implicate tumor-associated DCs and their mitogenic signals as auspicious therapeutic targets.
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Uddin S, Bhat AA, Krishnankutty R, Mir F, Kulinski M, Mohammad RM. Involvement of F-BOX proteins in progression and development of human malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 36:18-32. [PMID: 26410033 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Endothelial Transdifferentiation of Tumor Cells Triggered by the Twist1-Jagged1-KLF4 Axis: Relationship between Cancer Stemness and Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:6439864. [PMID: 26823670 PMCID: PMC4707371 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6439864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is associated with malignant biological phenotype including enhanced angiogenesis and metastasis. Hypoxia increases the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), which directly participates in angiogenesis by recruiting endothelial cells into hypoxic area and stimulating their proliferation, for increasing vascular density. Recent research in tumor biology has focused on the model in which tumor-derived endothelial cells arise from tumor stem-like cells, but the detailed mechanism is not clear. Twist1, an important regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), has been shown to mediate tumor metastasis and induce tumor angiogenesis. Notch signaling has been demonstrated to be an important player in vascular development and tumor angiogenesis. KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) is a factor commonly used for the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. KLF4 also plays an important role in the differentiation of endothelial cells. Although Twist1 is known as a master regulator of mesoderm development, it is unknown whether Twist1 could be involved in endothelial transdifferentiation of tumor-derived cells. This review focuses on the role of Twist1-Jagged1/Notch-KLF4 axis on tumor-derived endothelial transdifferentiation, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cancer stemness.
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Notch3/Jagged1 circuitry reinforces notch signaling and sustains T-ALL. Neoplasia 2015; 16:1007-17. [PMID: 25499214 PMCID: PMC4309263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated Notch signaling has been extensively linked to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Here, we show a direct relationship between Notch3 receptor and Jagged1 ligand in human cell lines and in a mouse model of T-ALL. We provide evidence that Notch-specific ligand Jagged1 is a new Notch3 signaling target gene. This essential event justifies an aberrant Notch3/Jagged1 cis-expression inside the same cell. Moreover, we demonstrate in Notch3-IC–overexpressing T lymphoma cells that Jagged1 undergoes a raft-associated constitutive processing. The proteolytic cleavage allows the Jagged1 intracellular domain to empower Notch signaling activity and to increase the transcriptional activation of Jagged1 itself (autocrine effect). On the other hand, the release of the soluble Jagged1 extracellular domain has a positive impact on activating Notch signaling in adjacent cells (paracrine effect), finally giving rise to a Notch3/Jagged1 auto-sustaining loop that supports the survival, proliferation, and invasion of lymphoma cells and contributes to the development and progression of Notch-dependent T-ALL. These observations are also supported by a study conducted on a cohort of patients in which Jagged1 expression is associated to adverse prognosis.
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Lee HW, Kim SJ, Choi IJ, Song J, Chun KH. Targeting Notch signaling by γ-secretase inhibitor I enhances the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU in gastric cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:593-603. [PMID: 26134677 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current medication for gastric cancer patients has a low success rate and the patients develop rapid tolerance to these drugs. Therefore, the development of new regimens is desired. In this study, we determined that Notch-signaling-related genes were overexpressed and activated in gastric cancer patients and gastric cancer cell lines. According to recent studies, γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), which function as Notch signaling inhibitors, could be used as therapeutic drugs in cancer. We demonstrated that GSI I (cbz-IL-CHO) is the most effective GSI in gastric cancer cells. We also determined the cell survival signaling-related proteins that were affected by GSI I. The levels of phosphorylated AKT were significantly decreased upon GSI I treatment, and constitutively activated myristoylated AKT completely blocked GSI I-induced apoptosis and cell survival, suggesting that inhibition of AKT signaling is critical for GSI I-mediated effects in gastric cancer cells. In order to maximize the effects and safety of GSI I, a combination treatment with GSI I and 5-FU was performed. Inhibition of gastric cancer cell proliferation with the combination treatment was significantly better than that with the single treatment. All phosphorylated forms of AKT, p44/42, JNK, and p38 were drastically changed by the combination treatment. Orthotopically transplanted gastric tumor burdens in mice were reduced using the combined treatment. The outcomes of this study clearly demonstrated the therapeutic potential of GSI I in gastric cancer, as well as the greater efficacy of the combined treatment of GSI I with 5-FU. Therefore, we suggest that further clinical trials examining the potential of combined GSI I and 5-FU treatment in gastric cancer patients be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lubeck BA, Lapinski PE, Oliver JA, Ksionda O, Parada LF, Zhu Y, Maillard I, Chiang M, Roose J, King PD. Cutting Edge: Codeletion of the Ras GTPase-Activating Proteins (RasGAPs) Neurofibromin 1 and p120 RasGAP in T Cells Results in the Development of T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:31-5. [PMID: 26002977 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ras GTPase-activating proteins (RasGAPs) inhibit signal transduction initiated through the Ras small GTP-binding protein. However, which members of the RasGAP family act as negative regulators of T cell responses is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated potential roles for the RasGAPs RASA1 and neurofibromin 1 (NF1) in T cells through the generation and analysis of T cell-specific RASA1 and NF1 double-deficient mice. In contrast to mice lacking either RasGAP alone in T cells, double-deficient mice developed T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, which originated at an early point in T cell development and was dependent on activating mutations in the Notch1 gene. These findings highlight RASA1 and NF1 as cotumor suppressors in the T cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Lubeck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Philip E Lapinski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jennifer A Oliver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Olga Ksionda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Luis F Parada
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mark Chiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jeroen Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Philip D King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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RETRACTED: Role of stromal cells-mediated Notch-1 in the invasion of T-ALL cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 332:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Krishnamoorthy V, Carr T, de Pooter RF, Emanuelle AO, Akinola EO, Gounari F, Kee BL. Repression of Ccr9 transcription in mouse T lymphocyte progenitors by the Notch signaling pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3191-200. [PMID: 25710912 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR9 controls the immigration of multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells into the thymus to sustain T cell development. Postimmigration, thymocytes downregulate CCR9 and migrate toward the subcapsular zone where they recombine their TCR β-chain and γ-chain gene loci. CCR9 is subsequently upregulated and participates in the localization of thymocytes during their selection for self-tolerant receptor specificities. Although the dynamic regulation of CCR9 is essential for early T cell development, the mechanisms controlling CCR9 expression have not been determined. In this article, we show that key regulators of T cell development, Notch1 and the E protein transcription factors E2A and HEB, coordinately control the expression of Ccr9. E2A and HEB bind at two putative enhancers upstream of Ccr9 and positively regulate CCR9 expression at multiple stages of T cell development. In contrast, the canonical Notch signaling pathway prevents the recruitment of p300 to the putative Ccr9 enhancers, resulting in decreased acetylation of histone H3 and a failure to recruit RNA polymerase II to the Ccr9 promoter. Although Notch signaling modestly modulates the binding of E proteins to one of the two Ccr9 enhancers, we found that Notch signaling represses Ccr9 in T cell lymphoma lines in which Ccr9 transcription is independent of E protein function. Our data support the hypothesis that activation of Notch1 has a dominant-negative effect on Ccr9 transcription and that Notch1 and E proteins control the dynamic expression of Ccr9 during T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Krishnamoorthy
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Tiffany Carr
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Renee F de Pooter
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | | | | | - Fotini Gounari
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; and
| | - Barbara L Kee
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Abstract
Germline deletion of the p53 gene in mice gives rise to spontaneous thymic (T-cell) lymphomas. In this study, the p53 knockout mouse was employed as a model to study the mutational evolution of tumorigenesis. The clonality of the T-cell repertoire from p53 knockout and wild-type thymic cells was analyzed at various ages employing TCRβ sequencing. These data demonstrate that p53 knockout thymic lymphomas arose in an oligoclonal fashion, with tumors evolving dominant clones over time. Exon sequencing of tumor DNA revealed that all of the independently derived oligoclonal mouse tumors had a deletion in the Pten gene prior to the formation of the TCRβ rearrangement, produced early in development. This was followed in each independent clone of the thymic lymphoma by the amplification or overexpression of cyclin Ds and Cdk6. Alterations in the expression of Ikaros were common and blocked further development of CD-4/CD-8 T cells. While the frequency of point mutations in the genome of these lymphomas was one per megabase, there were a tremendous number of copy number variations producing the tumors' driver mutations. The initial inherited loss of p53 functions appeared to delineate an order of genetic alterations selected for during the evolution of these thymic lymphomas.
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ZEB2 drives immature T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia development via enhanced tumour-initiating potential and IL-7 receptor signalling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5794. [PMID: 25565005 PMCID: PMC4354161 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early T-cell precursor leukaemia (ETP-ALL) is a high-risk subtype of human leukaemia that is poorly understood at the molecular level. Here we report translocations targeting the zinc finger E-box-binding transcription factor ZEB2 as a recurrent genetic lesion in immature/ETP-ALL. Using a conditional gain-of-function mouse model, we demonstrate that sustained Zeb2 expression initiates T-cell leukaemia. Moreover, Zeb2-driven mouse leukaemia exhibit some features of the human immature/ETP-ALL gene expression signature, as well as an enhanced leukaemia-initiation potential and activated Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signalling through transcriptional activation of IL7R. This study reveals ZEB2 as an oncogene in the biology of immature/ETP-ALL and paves the way towards pre-clinical studies of novel compounds for the treatment of this aggressive subtype of human T-ALL using our Zeb2-driven mouse model.
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