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Cichoń L, Janas-Kozik M, Chełmecka E, Wilczyński KM, Jelonek I, Rybakowski JK. Does the clinical picture of bipolar disorder in the pediatric population depend on sex? J Affect Disord 2024; 363:501-506. [PMID: 39029674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current literature the influence of sex on the clinical presentation of the bipolar disorder (BD) in adults has been indicated. It was of the interest whether such a phenomenon is also present in the pediatric population. METHODS The authors collected retrospective clinical data in 288 patients hospitalized on the psychiatry ward aged 10-17 years; 80.2 % females and 19.8 % males. RESULTS No sex differences were observed in the age of onset, the time from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of BD, the number of symptoms during hospital stay, or family history of psychiatric disorder (U Mann-Whitney's p > 0.05). In males the most frequently recorded first episode of BD was mania or hypomania (51 %), and in females, a depressive episode (51 %). The main reason for the hospitalization in boys was episodes of mania (63 %), then mixed episodes (30 %), and depression (7 %). Whereas girls were most often hospitalized due to mixed episodes (52 %), less frequently depression (22 %), and mania (26 %). Co-morbid psychiatric disorders were found more often in boys than in girls (63 % vs 45 %; χ2p-value>0.05). The co-occurrence of the dissocial personality, borderline, tic disorders, pervasive developmental disorders and hyperkinetic disorders was different in both sexes. LIMITATIONS The main limitations of the study are the very high proportion of female subjects and the retrospective character of the study. CONCLUSIONS It seems that the clinical presentation of BD in the pediatric population can somewhat depend on the sex of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Cichoń
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Developmental Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, John Paul II Pediatric Centre in Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Janas-Kozik
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Developmental Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, John Paul II Pediatric Centre in Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Chełmecka
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krzysztof M Wilczyński
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Developmental Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, John Paul II Pediatric Centre in Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Jelonek
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Developmental Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, John Paul II Pediatric Centre in Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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Sameea AA, Abd El-Wahab EW, Osman SO. Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Among 18 to 48 Month Old Children: A Multi-Center Study in Qatar. Glob Pediatr Health 2024; 11:2333794X241284476. [PMID: 39323455 PMCID: PMC11423378 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x241284476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Little is known about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Qatar. The lack of consensus in ASD screening has led to differences in the reported prevalence with escalating rates over time. Objective(s). To screen for ASD and to identify associate factors among Qatary children aged 18 to 48 months. Methods. A cross-sectional study included 600 eligible children at 10 Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) in Qatar. Identification of ASD was based on the M-CHAT™ criteria. Results. The number of ASD screen-positive children in the M-CHAT™ was 25.13 per 10.000, and was significantly associated with older maternal age (10.5%) and history of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (20.0%) [AOR] = 4.88; 95%[CI]: 1.50-16.30)]. The Odds of detecting ASD was lower in children below 2 years of age (AOR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87-0.98]). Conclusion. This study demonstrates the utility of M-CHAT™ for ASD screening in PHCCs. Identification of the factors associated with positive ASD screening can highlight areas suitable for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekram Wassim Abd El-Wahab
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherif Omar Osman
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Postic PY, Leprince Y, Brosset S, Drutel L, Peyric E, Ben Abdallah I, Bekha D, Neumane S, Duchesnay E, Dinomais M, Chevignard M, Hertz-Pannier L. Brain growth until adolescence after a neonatal focal injury: sex related differences beyond lesion effect. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1405381. [PMID: 39247049 PMCID: PMC11378422 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1405381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early focal brain injuries lead to long-term disabilities with frequent cognitive impairments, suggesting global dysfunction beyond the lesion. While plasticity of the immature brain promotes better learning, outcome variability across individuals is multifactorial. Males are more vulnerable to early injuries and neurodevelopmental disorders than females, but long-term sex differences in brain growth after an early focal lesion have not been described yet. With this MRI longitudinal morphometry study of brain development after a Neonatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke (NAIS), we searched for differences between males and females in the trajectories of ipsi- and contralesional gray matter growth in childhood and adolescence, while accounting for lesion characteristics. Methods We relied on a longitudinal cohort (AVCnn) of patients with unilateral NAIS who underwent clinical and MRI assessments at ages 7 and 16 were compared to age-matched controls. Non-lesioned volumes of gray matter (hemispheres, lobes, regions, deep structures, cerebellum) were extracted from segmented T1 MRI images at 7 (Patients: 23 M, 16 F; Controls: 17 M, 18 F) and 16 (Patients: 18 M, 11 F; Controls: 16 M, 15 F). These volumes were analyzed using a Linear Mixed Model accounting for age, sex, and lesion characteristics. Results Whole hemisphere volumes were reduced at both ages in patients compared to controls (gray matter volume: -16% in males, -10% in females). In ipsilesional hemisphere, cortical gray matter and thalamic volume losses (average -13%) mostly depended on lesion severity, suggesting diaschisis, with minimal effect of patient sex. In the contralesional hemisphere however, we consistently found sex differences in gray matter volumes, as only male volumes were smaller than in male controls (average -7.5%), mostly in territories mirroring the contralateral lesion. Females did not significantly deviate from the typical trajectories of female controls. Similar sex differences were found in both cerebellar hemispheres. Discussion These results suggest sex-dependent growth trajectories after an early brain lesion with a contralesional growth deficit in males only. The similarity of patterns at ages 7 and 16 suggests that puberty has little effect on these trajectories, and that most of the deviation in males occurs in early childhood, in line with the well-described perinatal vulnerability of the male brain, and with no compensation thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Postic
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Frederic Joliot Institute, NeuroSpin, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM, Université Paris Cité, UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, InDEV, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, France
| | - Yann Leprince
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Frederic Joliot Institute, NeuroSpin, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Soraya Brosset
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Frederic Joliot Institute, NeuroSpin, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM, Université Paris Cité, UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, InDEV, Paris, France
| | - Laure Drutel
- LP3C, Rennes 2 University, Rennes, France
- French National Reference Center for Pediatric Stroke, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Emeline Peyric
- Pediatric Neurology Department, HFME, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ines Ben Abdallah
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Frederic Joliot Institute, NeuroSpin, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM, Université Paris Cité, UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, InDEV, Paris, France
| | - Dhaif Bekha
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Frederic Joliot Institute, NeuroSpin, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM, Université Paris Cité, UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, InDEV, Paris, France
| | - Sara Neumane
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Frederic Joliot Institute, NeuroSpin, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM, Université Paris Cité, UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, InDEV, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ - APHP, Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Edouard Duchesnay
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Frederic Joliot Institute, NeuroSpin, BAOBAB/GAIA/SIGNATURE, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mickael Dinomais
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Angers University Hospital Centre, Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Chevignard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, France
- Rehabilitation Department for Children with Acquired Brain Injury, Saint Maurice Hospitals, Saint Maurice, France
- Sorbonne University, GRC 24 Handicap Moteur Cognitif et Réadaptation (HaMCRe), Paris, France
| | - Lucie Hertz-Pannier
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Frederic Joliot Institute, NeuroSpin, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM, Université Paris Cité, UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, InDEV, Paris, France
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Zack DS, Carroll B, Magallanes A, Bordes Edgar V. Take a Closer Look: Considerations for Autism Spectrum Disorder Assessment in Female Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Health Care 2024:S0891-5245(24)00182-2. [PMID: 39127931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Assessment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the pediatric female population entails unique diagnostic complexities. Females are often misdiagnosed, undiagnosed, or receive an ASD diagnosis at a later age than males. Male bias in ASD, masking behaviors, cultural norms, and overlapping neurodevelopmental comorbidities (such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability) contribute to this phenomenon. The authors present two clinical cases evaluated in an interdisciplinary developmental behavioral pediatrics (DBP) team to highlight these considerations. Cases describe adolescent and school aged females with medical complexity who did not initially appear to have ASD symptoms but later were diagnosed with ASD. Patient anonymity is preserved. Best practice recommendations are discussed. Shared decision making, intentional history taking, thorough observation of behavior and restrictive/repetitive/sensory interests in multiple settings, and attention to social communication in the context of cognitive capacity are essential for ASD assessment in pediatric females.
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Mello M, Fusaro M, Aglioti SM, Minio-Paluello I. Exploring social touch in autistic and non-autistic adults via a self-report body-painting task: The role of sex, social context and body area. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:1985-2001. [PMID: 38179707 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231218314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT What is already known about the topic?At least in neurotypical individuals, social touch represents an important channel for emotional communication associated with social bonding and pain/anxiety modulation. Autistic adults report to avoid social touch more and to have different tactile sensitivity than their non-autistic comparisons.What this paper adds?Few studies specifically investigated social touch in autistic individuals, and none of them examined the role of participants' sex, social context in which social touch occurs, and specific body areas being touched. In our study, adult participants reported how pleasant, erogenous and appropriate they would consider touches delivered by another person over their entire body in intimate (date), friendly (dance class) and professional (physiotherapy-massage session) social contexts. Autistic adults reported social touch to be less pleasant, erogenous and appropriate specifically in intimate and friendly social contexts and in body areas typically touched in these situations. Importantly, autistic females seem more at risk to experience unpleasant social touch as, although they considered it more unpleasant than non-autistic females and autistic males, they did consider it similarly appropriate in professional social contexts where touch is normed to be socially appropriate.Implications for practice, research or policyOur results might improve awareness and understanding about autistic adults' different, and often more discomforting, experience of social touch and thus help consider and respect it during everyday social interactions. Our results might also benefit future research investigating, for instance, the neural underpinnings of social touch differences in autism or aiming at developing support for autistic individuals seeking help in the diverse spheres of social touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mello
- Sapienza University of Rome, and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Sapienza University of Rome, and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Minio-Paluello
- National Research Council, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Rome, Italy
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Gigliotti F, Giovannone F, Belli A, Sogos C. Atypical Sensory Processing in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Clinical Phenotypes in Preschool-Aged Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:875. [PMID: 39062324 PMCID: PMC11276037 DOI: 10.3390/children11070875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory processing issues are frequent in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), with very variable prevalence rates ranging from 20% to 95%. This study aimed to investigate sensory processing in preschool-aged children with NDDs, to clarify the epidemiology, and to identify associated or correlated clinical and psychometric variables. METHODS A total of 141 NDD children (age range 2-5 years old) were included and enrolled in two subgroups: 72 with ASD and 69 with other NDDs. A standardized neuropsychological evaluation was assessed (Griffiths III/WPPSI-III/Leiter-R, ADOS-2) and the parents completed the CBCL ½-5, the SPM-P, and the ADI-R. RESULTS Atypical sensory processing was reported in 39.7% of the total sample, more frequently in ASD (44.4%) than in other NDDs (34.8%). No statistically significant differences were found regarding gender and developmental level. A positive correlation was found between sensory processing abnormalities and behavioral problems (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Compared to other NDDs, ASDs more frequently have atypical sensory processing and appear to present a specific vulnerability in the processing of proprioceptive and vestibular inputs. Our results suggest that sensory processing difficulties should be considered regardless of developmental level and in children with behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carla Sogos
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
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Yin JB, Wang GY, Duan GQ, Nie WH, Zhao MF, Jin TT. [Neurodevelopment and cerebral blood flow in children aged 2-6 years with autism spectrum disorder]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2024; 26:599-604. [PMID: 38926376 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2401048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the neurodevelopmental characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), analyze the correlation between neurodevelopmental indicators and cerebral blood flow (CBF), and explore the potential mechanisms of neurodevelopment in ASD children. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 145 children aged 2-6 years with newly-diagnosed ASD. Scores from the Gesell Developmental Diagnosis Scale and the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and CBF results were collected to compare gender differences in the development of children with ASD and analyze the correlation between CBF and neurodevelopmental indicators. RESULTS Fine motor and personal-social development quotient in boys with ASD were lower than those in girls with ASD (P<0.05). Gross motor development quotient in ASD children was negatively correlated with CBF in the left frontal lobe (r=-0.200, P=0.016), right frontal lobe (r=-0.279, P=0.001), left parietal lobe (r=-0.208, P=0.012), and right parietal lobe (r=-0.187, P=0.025). The total ABC score was positively correlated with CBF in the left amygdala (r=0.295, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Early intervention training should pay attention to gender and developmental structural characteristics for precise intervention in ASD children. CBF has the potential to become a biological marker for assessing the severity of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bao Yin
- Department of Child Health Care/Child Psychology and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Gan-Yu Wang
- Department of Child Health Care/Child Psychology and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Gui-Qin Duan
- Department of Child Health Care/Child Psychology and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wen-Hao Nie
- Department of Child Health Care/Child Psychology and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ming-Fang Zhao
- Department of Child Health Care/Child Psychology and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ting-Ting Jin
- Department of Child Health Care/Child Psychology and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Peterson T, Dodson J, Sherwin R, Strale F. Comparative Analysis of Gender-Based Differences in Behavioral Mastery, Goals, and Characteristics in Autistic Individuals: An Applied Behavior Analysis Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e62427. [PMID: 39011183 PMCID: PMC11248749 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is widely recognized that the prevalence and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more common in males than in females. Despite this, there is a significant gap in the body of autism research that investigates gender differences for treatment effects of applied behavior analysis (ABA) across a variety of measured variables. This research aims to comprehensively evaluate gender distinctions concerning target behavioral objectives, goals, and deficit variables. Materials and methods This study analyzed retrospective data from 100 participants, including 89 juveniles and four adults, with seven cases lacking age documentation, who underwent a three-month ABA program from March 19 to June 11, 2023. The ABA program included various methodologies such as functional analysis, discrete trial training, mass trials, and naturalistic training. Data on outcome measures, including target behavioral proficiency, age, average trials to proficiency, average teaching days to proficiency, open behavioral objectives, and target trends, were collected using the "Catalyst" software (Catalyst Software Corporation, New York, NY). Participant demographics were summarized using statistical analyses for categorical (gender and race/ethnicity) and continuous variables (percentage of mastered behavioral objectives, age, average trials, average teaching days, open objectives, percentage of failed objectives during maintenance, percentage of objectives with upward, downward, and flat trends). These statistics included mean, standard deviation, median, and range and were analyzed inferentially using nine separate two-sample independent t-tests and corresponding effect sizes using Cohen's d. Results There were no statistically significant disparities based on gender (p > 0.05) across all nine variables examined: Percentage of Targets Mastered, Age, Average Trials to Mastery, Average Teaching Days to Mastery, Open Targets, Percentage of Targets Failed in Maintenance, Percentage of Targets Trending Up, Percentage of Targets Trending Down, and Percentage of Targets Trending Flat, and wide confidence intervals were detected. Conclusions Non-significant gender differences in response to ABA treatments regarding these nine behavioral goals, mastery, and deficit variables may be relevant. They suggest that ABA treatments could be equally beneficial for both male and female autistic individuals. These results should be interpreted cautiously. The general pattern observed, characterized by broad confidence intervals, carries a degree of statistical uncertainty, which may suggest substantial gender differences. These results might question the prevailing beliefs about the variation in treatment response based on gender. This could profoundly impact clinical practices, implying that healthcare professionals should not favor one gender over another when suggesting ABA therapies. Instead, the treatment advice should be tailored to each child's unique requirements and traits, regardless of gender. The investigators expect these results to encourage additional research in this field. Comprehending the elements that affect treatment response is vital for improving treatment results and customizing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Peterson
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, The Oxford Center, Brighton, USA
| | - Jessica Dodson
- Applied Behavior Analysis, The Oxford Center, Brighton, USA
| | - Robert Sherwin
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
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Call C, Oran A, O'Shea TM, Jensen ET, Frazier JA, Vaidya R, Shenberger J, Gogcu S, Msall ME, Kim S, Jalnapurkar I, Fry RC, Singh R. Health-related quality of life at age 10 years in children born extremely preterm. J Perinatol 2024; 44:835-843. [PMID: 38760579 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-024-01987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prenatal maternal health and socioeconomic status (SES) and health-related quality of life (QoL) among 10-year-old children born extremely preterm. DESIGN/ METHODS Retrospective analysis of the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study cohort of infants born < 28 weeks gestational age. QoL was assessed at 10 years of age using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Multivariate regression models were used for analyses. RESULTS Of 1198 participants who survived until 10 years of age, 889 (72.2%) were evaluated. Lower maternal age, lack of college education; receipt of public insurance and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) were associated with lower QoL scores. Specific maternal health factors were also associated with lower child QoL scores. CONCLUSIONS Specific, potentially modifiable, maternal health and social factors are associated with lower scores on a measure of parent-reported child QoL across multiple domains for children born extremely preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Call
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Oran
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jean A Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ruben Vaidya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shenberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Semsa Gogcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael E Msall
- Kennedy Research Center on Intellectual and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sohye Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Isha Jalnapurkar
- Department of Psychiatry and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rachana Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Perez-Pouchoulen M, Holley AS, Reinl EL, VanRyzin JW, Mehrabani A, Dionisos C, Mirza M, McCarthy MM. Viral-mediated inflammation by Poly I:C induces the chemokine CCL5 in NK cells and its receptors CCR1 and CCR5 in microglia in the neonatal rat cerebellum. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2024; 3:155-168. [PMID: 39175524 PMCID: PMC11338497 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2024-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Objectives To study the effect of viral inflammation induced by Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PIC) on the cerebellum during a critical period of development in rats. Methods Neonatal rat pups were treated with PIC on postnatal days (PN) 8 and 10 after which we quantified RNA using Nanostring, qRT-PCR and RNAscope and analyzed immune cells through flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry on PN11. Using the same paradigm, we also analyzed play juvenile behavior, anxiety-like behavior, motor balance using the balance beam and the rotarod assays as well as fine motor behavior using the sunflower seed opening test. Results We determined that male and female pups treated with PIC reacted with a significant increase in CCL5, a chemotactic cytokine that attracts T-cells, eosinophils and basophils to the site of inflammation, at PN11. PIC treatment also increased the expression of two receptors for CCL5, CCR1 and CCR5 in the cerebellar vermis in both males and females at PN11. In-situ hybridization (RNAscope®) for specific transcripts revealed that microglia express both CCL5 receptors under inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions in both males and females. PIC treatment also increased the total number of CCL5+ cells in the developing cerebellum which were determined to be both natural killer cells and T-cells. There were modest but significant impacts of PIC treatment on large and fine motor skills and juvenile play behavior. Conclusions Our findings suggest an important role for CCL5 and other immune cells in mediating inflammation in the developing cerebellum that potentially impact the maturation of cerebellar neurons during a critical period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda S. Holley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin L. Reinl
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan W. VanRyzin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amir Mehrabani
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christie Dionisos
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Muhammed Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret M. McCarthy
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Li Y, Xie T, Snieder H, Hartman CA. Associations between autistic and comorbid somatic problems of gastrointestinal disorders, food allergy, pain, and fatigue in adults. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241254619. [PMID: 38813776 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241254619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT What is already known about the topic?Autistic children frequently often have accompanying physical health problems. However, this has been much less studied in autistic men and women during adulthood.What does this article add?This is one of the first studies to investigate the associations between autistic and somatic problems in adults from the general population. Using a continuous measure of autistic symptom scores and a categorical definition of autism (referred to below as probable autism) which considered symptom severity, childhood age of onset, and functional impairment, we found that autistic problems and irritable bowel syndrome, food allergy, pain, and fatigue were associated in adults. Sex differences were present for pain and fatigue, for which the associations with autistic symptom scores were somewhat stronger in females than males. Regarding age differences, the associations with fatigue and having food allergy were more pronounced in younger adults. Conversely, older individuals had a higher risk of developing irritable bowel syndrome or experiencing pain if they met the criteria for probable autism.Implications for practice, research, or policyThere is a need for providing routine programs of screening, assessment, and treatment of autism-related somatic problems and developing evidence-based interventions for autistic individuals. These could be tailored to the needs of specific autistic populations. For example, autistic females could be given extra attention about the potential presence of pain and fatigue, younger adults about the potential presence of food allergy and fatigue, and older adults concerning the potential presence of irritable bowel syndrome and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tian Xie
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Kim J, Vanrobaeys Y, Davatolhagh MF, Kelvington B, Chatterjee S, Ferri SL, Angelakos C, Mills AA, Fuccillo MV, Nickl-Jockschat T, Abel T. A chromosome region linked to neurodevelopmental disorders acts in distinct neuronal circuits in males and females to control locomotor behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.17.594746. [PMID: 38952795 PMCID: PMC11216371 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.17.594746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Biological sex shapes the manifestation and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). These disorders often demonstrate male-specific vulnerabilities; however, the identification of underlying mechanisms remains a significant challenge in the field. Hemideletion of the 16p11.2 region (16p11.2 del/+) is associated with NDDs, and mice modeling 16p11.2 del/+ exhibit sex-specific striatum-related phenotypes relevant to NDDs. Striatal circuits, crucial for locomotor control, consist of two distinct pathways: the direct and indirect pathways originating from D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) and D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) expressing spiny projection neurons (SPNs), respectively. In this study, we define the impact of 16p11.2 del/+ on striatal circuits in male and female mice. Using snRNA-seq, we identify sex- and cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in the D1- and D2-SPNs of 16p11.2 del/+ mice, indicating distinct transcriptomic signatures in D1-SPNs and D2-SPNs in males and females, with a ∼5-fold greater impact in males. Further pathway analysis reveals differential gene expression changes in 16p11.2 del/+ male mice linked to synaptic plasticity in D1- and D2-SPNs and GABA signaling pathway changes in D1-SPNs. Consistent with our snRNA-seq study revealing changes in GABA signaling pathways, we observe distinct changes in miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in D1- and D2-SPNs from 16p11.2 del/+ male mice. Behaviorally, we utilize conditional genetic approaches to introduce the hemideletion selectively in either D1- or D2-SPNs and find that conditional hemideletion of genes in the 16p11.2 region in D2-SPNs causes hyperactivity in male mice, but hemideletion in D1-SPNs does not. Within the striatum, hemideletion of genes in D2-SPNs in the dorsal lateral striatum leads to hyperactivity in males, demonstrating the importance of this striatal region. Interestingly, conditional 16p11.2 del/+ within the cortex drives hyperactivity in both sexes. Our work reveals that a locus linked to NDDs acts in different striatal circuits, selectively impacting behavior in a sex- and cell type-specific manner, providing new insight into male vulnerability for NDDs. Highlights - 16p11.2 hemideletion (16p11.2 del/+) induces sex- and cell type-specific transcriptomic signatures in spiny projection neurons (SPNs). - Transcriptomic changes in GABA signaling in D1-SPNs align with changes in inhibitory synapse function. - 16p11.2 del/+ in D2-SPNs causes hyperactivity in males but not females. - 16p11.2 del/+ in D2-SPNs in the dorsal lateral striatum drives hyperactivity in males. - 16p11.2 del/+ in cortex drives hyperactivity in both sexes. Graphic abstract
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13
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Rigney N, Campos-Lira E, Kirchner MK, Wei W, Belkasim S, Beaumont R, Singh S, Suarez SG, Hartswick D, Stern JE, de Vries GJ, Petrulis A. A vasopressin circuit that modulates mouse social investigation and anxiety-like behavior in a sex-specific manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319641121. [PMID: 38709918 PMCID: PMC11098102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319641121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the largest sex differences in brain neurochemistry is the expression of the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) within the vertebrate brain, with males having more AVP cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) than females. Despite the long-standing implication of AVP in social and anxiety-like behaviors, the circuitry underlying AVP's control of these behaviors is still not well defined. Using optogenetic approaches, we show that inhibiting AVP BNST cells reduces social investigation in males, but not in females, whereas stimulating these cells increases social investigation in both sexes, but more so in males. These cells may facilitate male social investigation through their projections to the lateral septum (LS), an area with the highest density of sexually differentiated AVP innervation in the brain, as optogenetic stimulation of BNST AVP → LS increased social investigation and anxiety-like behavior in males but not in females; the same stimulation also caused a biphasic response of LS cells ex vivo. Blocking the vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) in the LS eliminated all these responses. Together, these findings establish a sexually differentiated role for BNST AVP cells in the control of social investigation and anxiety-like behavior, likely mediated by their projections to the LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rigney
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30302
| | - Elba Campos-Lira
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30302
| | | | - Wei Wei
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30302
| | - Selma Belkasim
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30302
| | - Rachael Beaumont
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30302
| | - Sumeet Singh
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30302
| | | | - Delenn Hartswick
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30302
| | - Javier E. Stern
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30302
| | | | - Aras Petrulis
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30302
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Bury SM, Hedley D, Uljarević M, Stokes MA, Begeer S. A repeated cross-sectional study of daily activities of autistic adults. Autism Res 2024; 17:947-954. [PMID: 38634518 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the types of daily activities autistic adults typically engage in. However, previous research has almost exclusively focused on vocational or education activities. Further, it remains unclear how and whether specific daily activities participation rates change proportionally over time, vary by gender, or compare to nationally representative data. Utilizing eight annual data waves from the Netherlands Autism Register (NAR) this study aims to bridge this gap. Participants were 2449 autistic adults who indicated their participation in 18 daily activities. Results suggest that autistic adults engaged most frequently in vocational activities (e.g., paid employment, study) and participation rates were stable over time. Participation rates in non-vocational activities (e.g., hobbies, homemaking) fluctuated proportionally over time, with reports of no structured daytime activities reducing over time. Labor force participation amongst NAR participants was significantly lower than Dutch population data for the same time periods. Unemployment rates fluctuated, and were significantly higher than population data, but not for all time points. Females compared to males were overrepresented in unpaid daily activities (e.g., study, volunteer, housemaker) and work incapacitation, and underrepresented in paid employment. Employment differences in gender corresponded to national data. These findings characterize more clearly the daily activities of autistic adults, and highlights areas where support may have greater impact (e.g., females in employment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Bury
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darren Hedley
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mirko Uljarević
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark A Stokes
- Healthy Autistic Life Lab, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sander Begeer
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Thom-Jones S, Melgaard I, Gordon CS. Autistic Women's Experience of Motherhood: A Qualitative Analysis of Reddit. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06312-7. [PMID: 38668893 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Autistic mothers remain under-represented in parental and autism research despite the associated physical and psychosocial challenges that accompany the transition to motherhood. Extant literature suggests autistic mothers experience sensory difficulties, communication challenges, stigma, and comorbidities as difficulties, but these studies have focused on autistic women in the perinatal period. The aim of this study was to examine reflections on motherhood from a Reddit community for autistic parents. Identified themes were Autistic Mothering is Different, Autistic Mothers Need Autistic Mothers, Autistic Mothers Experience Stigma, and Learnings from Lockdown. Findings extend existing research by offering insight into the ways autism impacts mothers beyond the perinatal period and have important implications for the future design and delivery of support services for autistic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thom-Jones
- Australian Catholic University Limited, Melbourne, VIC, 3777, Australia.
| | - Imogen Melgaard
- School of Behavioural & Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Chloe S Gordon
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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16
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Tien IS, Kim J, Johnson AR, Wood JJ. Gender Differences: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the ADOS-II. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06346-x. [PMID: 38652372 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent research has suggested that autism may present differently in girls compared to boys, encouraging the exploration of a sex-differential diagnostic criteria. Gender differences in diagnostic assessments have been shown on the ADOS-II, such that, on average, females score significantly lower than males on all scales and are less likely to show atypicality on most items related to social communicative difficulties. Yet, gender differences in the latent structure of instruments like the ADOS-II have not been examined systematically. METHODS As such, this secondary data analysis examined 4,100 youth diagnosed with autism (Mage = 9.9, 813 female & 3287 male) examined item response trends by gender on the ADOS-II Module 3. RESULTS Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis results show that the factor loadings of four ADOS-II items differ across the genders. One SCD item and one RRB item are strongly related to the latent factor in the female group, while two RRB items have larger factor loadings in the male group. CONCLUSION The assumption of an identical latent factor structure for the ADOS-II Module 3 for males and females might not be justifiable. Possible diagnostic implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Tien
- University of California, Los Angeles Department of Education, 300 Charles E. Young Blvd, Room 208A, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Junok Kim
- University of California, Los Angeles Department of Education, 300 Charles E. Young Blvd, Room 208A, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Amanda R Johnson
- University of California, Los Angeles Department of Education, 300 Charles E. Young Blvd, Room 208A, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Wood
- University of California, Los Angeles Department of Education, 300 Charles E. Young Blvd, Room 208A, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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17
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Guo X, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhai G, Zhang T, Zhou R, Lu H, Gao L. Resolving heterogeneity in dynamics of synchronization stability within the salience network in autism spectrum disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110956. [PMID: 38296155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) are one of the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Traditional resting-state FC primarily focuses on linear correlations, ignoring the nonlinear properties involved in synchronization between networks or brain regions. METHODS In the present study, the cross-recurrence quantification analysis, a nonlinear method based on dynamical systems, was utilized to quantify the synchronization stability between brain regions within the salience network (SN) of ASD. Using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 207 children (ASD/typically-developing controls (TC): 105/102) in Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database, we analyzed the laminarity and trapping time differences of the synchronization stability between the ASD subtype derived by a K-means clustering analysis and the TC group, and examined the relationship between synchronization stability and the severity of clinical symptoms of the ASD subtypes. RESULTS Based on the synchronization stability within the SN of ASD, we identified two subtypes that showed opposite changes in synchronization stability relative to the TC group. In addition, the synchronization stability of ASD subtypes 1 and 2 can predict the social interaction and communication impairments, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that ASD subgroups with different patterns of synchronization stability within the SN appear distinct clinical symptoms, and highlight the importance of exploring the potential neural mechanism of ASD from a nonlinear perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Guo
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guangjin Zhai
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Rongjuan Zhou
- Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Huibin Lu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Le Gao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
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18
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Cortes DE, Escudero M, Korgan AC, Mitra A, Edwards A, Aydin SC, Munger SC, Charland K, Zhang ZW, O'Connell KMS, Reinholdt LG, Pera MF. An in vitro neurogenetics platform for precision disease modeling in the mouse. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9305. [PMID: 38569042 PMCID: PMC10990289 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The power and scope of disease modeling can be markedly enhanced through the incorporation of broad genetic diversity. The introduction of pathogenic mutations into a single inbred mouse strain sometimes fails to mimic human disease. We describe a cross-species precision disease modeling platform that exploits mouse genetic diversity to bridge cell-based modeling with whole organism analysis. We developed a universal protocol that permitted robust and reproducible neural differentiation of genetically diverse human and mouse pluripotent stem cell lines and then carried out a proof-of-concept study of the neurodevelopmental gene DYRK1A. Results in vitro reliably predicted the effects of genetic background on Dyrk1a loss-of-function phenotypes in vivo. Transcriptomic comparison of responsive and unresponsive strains identified molecular pathways conferring sensitivity or resilience to Dyrk1a1A loss and highlighted differential messenger RNA isoform usage as an important determinant of response. This cross-species strategy provides a powerful tool in the functional analysis of candidate disease variants identified through human genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arojit Mitra
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04660, USA
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Sanchez M, Bullen JC, Zajic MC, McIntyre N, Mundy P. Behavioral gender differences in school-age children with autism. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1201-1207. [PMID: 35809134 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined differences in internalizing and externalizing behaviors between school-aged boys and girls diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eighty-nine children between the ages of 8 and 16 years participated in this study: 17 girls (M = 11.5 years, SD = 2.3) and 72 boys (M = 11.3 years, SD = 2.2). Participants were matched on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition and Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ > 64). The results indicated that, girls had higher reported instances of Bullying, less Anger Control, and poorer Emotional Self-Control than boys on the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Groups did not differ on subscales of the Social Communication Scale. While evidence of increased externalizing behaviors is less common in girls, there is evidence supporting these differing behaviors that warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sanchez
- School of Education, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Bullen
- Department of Human Ecology, Human Development, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Matthew C Zajic
- Intellectual Disability/Autism Program, Health and Behavior Studies Department, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy McIntyre
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Peter Mundy
- School of Education, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Ramos Benitez J, Kannan S, Hastings WL, Parker BJ, Willbrand EH, Weiner KS. Ventral temporal and posteromedial sulcal morphology in autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychologia 2024; 195:108786. [PMID: 38181845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Two parallel research tracks link the morphology of small and shallow indentations, or sulci, of the cerebral cortex with functional features of the cortex and human cognition, respectively. The first track identified a relationship between the mid-fusiform sulcus (MFS) in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) and cognition in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The second track identified a new sulcus, the inframarginal sulcus (IFRMS), that serves as a tripartite landmark within the posteromedial cortex (PMC). As VTC and PMC are structurally and functionally different in ASD, here, we integrated these two tracks and tested if there are morphological differences in VTC and PMC sulci in a sample of young (5-17 years old) male participants (50 participants with ASD and 50 neurotypical controls). Our approach replicates and extends recent findings in four ways. First, regarding replication, the standard deviation (STD) of MFS cortical thickness (CT) was increased in ASD. Second, MFS length was shorter in ASD. Third, the CT STD effect extended to other VTC and to PMC sulci. Fourth, additional morphological features of VTC sulci (depth, surface area, gray matter volume) and PMC sulci (mean CT) were decreased in ASD, including putative tertiary sulci, which emerge last in gestation and continue to develop after birth. To our knowledge, this study is the most extensive comparison of the sulcal landscape (including putative tertiary sulci) in multiple cortical expanses between individuals with ASD and NTs based on manually defined sulci at the level of individual hemispheres, providing novel targets for future studies of neurodevelopmental disorders more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos Benitez
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sandhya Kannan
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William L Hastings
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Parker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ethan H Willbrand
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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21
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Cruz S, Zubizarreta SCP, Costa AD, Araújo R, Martinho J, Tubío-Fungueiriño M, Sampaio A, Cruz R, Carracedo A, Fernández-Prieto M. Is There a Bias Towards Males in the Diagnosis of Autism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s11065-023-09630-2. [PMID: 38285291 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Autism is more frequently diagnosed in males, with evidence suggesting that females are more likely to be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Possibly, the male/female ratio imbalance relates to phenotypic and camouflaging differences between genders. Here, we performed a comprehensive approach to phenotypic and camouflaging research in autism addressed in two studies. First (Study 1 - Phenotypic Differences in Autism), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of gender differences in autism phenotype. The electronic datasets Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychInfo were searched. We included 67 articles that compared females and males in autism core symptoms, and in cognitive, socioemotional, and behavioural phenotypes. Autistic males exhibited more severe symptoms and social interaction difficulties on standard clinical measures than females, who, in turn, exhibited more cognitive and behavioural difficulties. Considering the hypothesis of camouflaging possibly underlying these differences, we then conducted a meta-analysis of gender differences in camouflaging (Study 2 - Camouflaging Differences in Autism). The same datasets as the first study were searched. Ten studies were included. Females used more compensation and masking camouflage strategies than males. The results support the argument of a bias in clinical procedures towards males and the importance of considering a 'female autism phenotype'-potentially involving camouflaging-in the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cruz
- Psychology of Development Research Center, Lusiada University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Sabela Conde-Pumpido Zubizarreta
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Daniela Costa
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory (PNL), Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita Araújo
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory (PNL), Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - María Tubío-Fungueiriño
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics Group, GC05, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, U-711, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory (PNL), Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Raquel Cruz
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, U-711, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics Group, GC05, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, U-711, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montse Fernández-Prieto
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics Group, GC05, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, U-711, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Clarke EB, McCauley JB, Lutz A, Gotelli M, Sheinkopf SJ, Lord C. Understanding profound autism: implications for stigma and supports. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1287096. [PMID: 38317766 PMCID: PMC10839016 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1287096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Societal perceptions and lack of understanding of autism spectrum disorder can be stigmatizing for autistic individuals and their families. This may be particularly the case for individuals who meet criteria for profound autism. Despite the considerable service needs of this marginalized group, there is little data on the prevalence of profound autism, nor on the experiences of those with profound autism and their families. Methods The current study leveraged a mixed-methods approach to address these gaps. First, the prevalence of profound autism was examined in six samples-three from the United States and three from Western Europe. Second, inductive thematic analysis was used to code interviews from 20 caregivers of profoundly autistic adults. Results The prevalence of profound autism varied widely across the six samples-from 11% to 48%. There were also notable differences between samples in prevalence by gender, race, and ethnicity. Two overarching themes were identified via inductive thematic analysis: Community Perceptions of Autism and Family Support Needs and Advocacy Challenges. Though caregivers were not directly asked about stigmatization during interviews, 85% of caregivers reported at least one instance of perceived stigma. Discussion Future research should continue to examine the unique needs and stigmatization experiences of profoundly autistic individuals and their families across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine B. Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James B. McCauley
- Department of Psychology, St. Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA, United States
| | - Amy Lutz
- Department of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marina Gotelli
- Fundación Brincar por un Autismo Feliz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stephen J. Sheinkopf
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Catherine Lord
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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23
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Kundakovic M, Tickerhoof M. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying sex differences in the brain and behavior. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:18-35. [PMID: 37968206 PMCID: PMC10841872 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences are found across brain regions, behaviors, and brain diseases. Sexual differentiation of the brain is initiated prenatally but it continues throughout life, as a result of the interaction of three major factors: gonadal hormones, sex chromosomes, and the environment. These factors are thought to act, in part, via epigenetic mechanisms which control chromatin and transcriptional states in brain cells. In this review, we discuss evidence that epigenetic mechanisms underlie sex-specific neurobehavioral changes during critical organizational periods, across the estrous cycle, and in response to diverse environments throughout life. We further identify future directions for the field that will provide novel mechanistic insights into brain sex differences, inform brain disease treatments and women's brain health in particular, and apply to people across genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kundakovic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
| | - Maria Tickerhoof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
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24
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Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction and communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The importance of early detection of ASD and subsequent early intervention is well documented. Efforts have been made over the years to clarify ASD diagnostic criteria and develop predictive, accurate screening tools and evidence-based, standardized diagnostic instruments to aid in the identification of ASD. In this article, we review the most recent changes in ASD diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision, summarize evidence-based instruments for ASD screening and diagnostic evaluations as well as the assessment of co-occurring conditions in ASD, the impact of COVID-19 on ASD assessment, and directions for future research in the field of ASD assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
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25
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Del Hoyo Soriano L, Sterling A, Edgin J, Hamilton DR, Berry-Kravis E, Dimachkie Nunnally A, Thurman AJ, Abbeduto L. Associations Among Sex, Cognitive Ability, and Autism Symptoms in Individuals with Down Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:301-311. [PMID: 36315322 PMCID: PMC10184887 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study explores sex-differences in (a) rates and profiles of autism symptoms as well as in (b) the contribution of intellectual quotient (IQ) to autism symptom presentation in Down syndrome (DS). Participants were 40 males and 38 females with DS, aged 6 to 23 years. Autism symptoms were rated through the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2). Results show no sex differences in the ADOS-2 Calibrated Severity Scores (CSS). However, only females with DS who are classified as DS-Only have higher scores on verbal IQ than those classified as DS + autism. Furthermore, associations between IQ and all CSSs are found for females, but not for males. Findings suggest that verbal cognition may play differential roles for females and males with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Del Hoyo Soriano
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Audra Sterling
- Waisman Center, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jamie Edgin
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Debra R Hamilton
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences and Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Angela John Thurman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
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26
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Mukherjee D, Bhavnani S, Lockwood Estrin G, Rao V, Dasgupta J, Irfan H, Chakrabarti B, Patel V, Belmonte MK. Digital tools for direct assessment of autism risk during early childhood: A systematic review. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:6-31. [PMID: 36336996 PMCID: PMC10771029 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221133176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT The challenge of finding autistic children, and finding them early enough to make a difference for them and their families, becomes all the greater in parts of the world where human and material resources are in short supply. Poverty of resources delays interventions, translating into a poverty of outcomes. Digital tools carry potential to lessen this delay because they can be administered by non-specialists in children's homes, schools or other everyday environments, they can measure a wide range of autistic behaviours objectively and they can automate analysis without requiring an expert in computers or statistics. This literature review aimed to identify and describe digital tools for screening children who may be at risk for autism. These tools are predominantly at the 'proof-of-concept' stage. Both portable (laptops, mobile phones, smart toys) and fixed (desktop computers, virtual-reality platforms) technologies are used to present computerised games, or to record children's behaviours or speech. Computerised analysis of children's interactions with these technologies differentiates children with and without autism, with promising results. Tasks assessing social responses and hand and body movements are the most reliable in distinguishing autistic from typically developing children. Such digital tools hold immense potential for early identification of autism spectrum disorder risk at a large scale. Next steps should be to further validate these tools and to evaluate their applicability in a variety of settings. Crucially, stakeholders from underserved communities globally must be involved in this research, lest it fail to capture the issues that these stakeholders are facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Public Health - Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India, India
| | | | | | - Vaisnavi Rao
- Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs (IDEAS), Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Vikram Patel
- Child Development Group, Sangath, India
- Harvard Medical School, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
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27
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Bordt EA, Moya HA, Jo YC, Ravichandran CT, Bankowski IM, Ceasrine AM, McDougle CJ, Carlezon WA, Bilbo SD. Gonadal hormones impart male-biased behavioral vulnerabilities to immune activation via microglial mitochondrial function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:680-695. [PMID: 37972878 PMCID: PMC10996880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong male bias in the prevalence of many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying this sex bias remain elusive. Infection during the perinatal period is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorder development. Here, we used a mouse model of early-life immune activation that reliably induces deficits in social behaviors only in males. We demonstrate that male-biased alterations in social behavior are dependent upon microglial immune signaling and are coupled to alterations in mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically within microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain. Additionally, we show that this behavioral and microglial mitochondrial vulnerability to early-life immune activation is programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings demonstrate that social behavior in males over the lifespan are regulated by microglia-specific mechanisms that are shaped by events that occur in early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Bordt
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Haley A Moya
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Young Chan Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Caitlin T Ravichandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Izabella M Bankowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexis M Ceasrine
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Christopher J McDougle
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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28
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Francis S, Tseng A, Rawls E, Conelea C, Grissom N, Kummerfeld E, Ma S, Jacob S. Integrating Causal Discovery and Clinically-Relevant Insights to Explore Directional Relationships between Autistic Features, Sex at Birth, and Cognitive Abilities. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.21.23300348. [PMID: 38196591 PMCID: PMC10775686 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.23300348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Prevalence in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis has long been strongly male-biased. Yet, consensus has not been reached on mechanisms and clinical features that underlie sex-based discrepancies. Whereas females may be under-diagnosed because of inconsistencies in diagnostic/ascertainment procedures (sex-biased criteria, social camouflaging), diagnosed males may have exhibited more overt behaviors (e.g., hyperactivity, aggression) that prompted clinical evaluation. Applying a novel network-theory-based approach, we extracted data-driven, clinically-relevant insights from a large, well-characterized sample (Simons Simplex Collection) of 2175 autistic males (Ages = 8.9±3.5 years) and 334 autistic females (Ages = 9.2±3.7 years). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and expert clinical review reduced data dimensionality to 15 factors of interest. To offset inherent confounds of an imbalanced sample, we identified a subset of males (N=331) matched to females on key variables (Age, IQ) and applied data-driven CDA using Greedy Fast Causal Inference (GFCI) for three groups (All Females, All Males, and Matched Males). Structural equation modeling (SEM) extracted measures of model fit and effect sizes for causal relationships between sex, age, and, IQ on EFA-selected factors capturing phenotypic representations of autism across sensory, social, and restricted and repetitive behavior domains. Our methodology unveiled sex-specific directional relationships to inform developmental outcomes and targeted interventions.
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29
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Lagod PP, Naser SA. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Altered Microbiota Composition in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17432. [PMID: 38139261 PMCID: PMC10743890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in communication and social interactions, restrictive and repetitive behavior, and a wide range of cognitive impediments. The prevalence of ASD tripled in the last 20 years and now affects 1 in 44 children. Although ASD's etiology is not yet elucidated, a growing body of evidence shows that it stems from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, there has been increased focus on the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites, as studies show that ASD patients show a significant shift in their gut composition, characterized by an increase in specific bacteria and elevated levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially propionic acid (PPA). This review aims to provide an overview of the role of microbiota and SCFAs in the human body, as well as possible implications of microbiota shift. Also, it highlights current studies aiming to compare the composition of the gut microbiome of ASD-afflicted patients with neurotypical control. Finally, it highlights studies with rodents where ASD-like symptoms or molecular hallmarks of ASD are evoked, via the grafting of microbes obtained from ASD subjects or direct exposure to PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saleh A. Naser
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
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30
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Arenella M, Fanelli G, Kiemeney LA, McAlonan G, Murphy DG, Bralten J. Genetic relationship between the immune system and autism. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 34:100698. [PMID: 38020478 PMCID: PMC10663755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common and complex neurodevelopmental condition. The pathophysiology of ASD is poorly defined; however, it includes a strong genetic component and there is increasing evidence to support a role of immune dysregulation. Nonetheless, it is unclear which immune phenotypes link to ASD through genetics. Hence, we investigated the genetic correlation between ASD and diverse classes of immune conditions and markers; and if these immune-related genetic factors link to specific autistic-like traits in the population. We estimated global and local genetic correlations between ASD (n = 55,420) and 11 immune phenotypes (n = 14,256-755,406) using genome-wide association study summary statistics. Subsequently, polygenic scores (PGS) for these immune phenotypes were calculated in a population-based sample (n = 2487) and associated to five autistic-like traits (i.e., attention to detail, childhood behaviour, imagination, rigidity, social skills), and a total autistic-like traits score. Sex-stratified PGS analyses were also performed. At the genome-wide level, ASD was positively correlated with allergic diseases (ALG), and negatively correlated with lymphocyte count, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (FDR-p = 0.01-0.02). At the local genetic level, ASD was correlated with RA, C-reactive protein, and granulocytes and lymphocyte counts (p = 5.8 × 10-6-0.002). In the general population sample, increased genetic liability for SLE, RA, ALG, and lymphocyte levels, captured by PGS, was associated with the total autistic score and with rigidity and childhood behaviour (FDR-p = 0.03). In conclusion, we demonstrated a genetic relationship between ASD and immunity that depends on the type of immune phenotype considered; some increase likelihood whereas others may potentially help build resilience. Also, this relationship may be restricted to specific genetic loci and link to specific autistic dimensions (e.g., rigidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Arenella
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Maudsley and South London NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Declan G. Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Maudsley and South London NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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31
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Guo X, Zhai G, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhang T, Cui D, Zhou R, Gao L. Heterogeneity of dynamic synergetic configurations of salience network in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2023; 16:2275-2290. [PMID: 37815146 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Atypical functional connectivity (FC) patterns have been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), especially within salience network (SN) and between SN and default mode network (DMN) and central executive network (CEN). But whether the dynamic configuration of intra-SN and inter-SN (SN with DMN and CEN) FC in ASD is also heterogeneous remains unknown. Based on the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 105 ASD and 102 typically-developing controls (TC), we calculated the time-varying FC of intra-SN and inter-SN (SN with DMN and CEN). Then, the joint recurrence features for the time-varying FC were calculated to assess how the SN dynamically recruits different configurations of network segregation and integration in ASD, that is, synergies, from the dynamical systems perspective. We analyzed the differences in synergetic patterns between ASD subtypes obtained by k-means clustering algorithm based on the synergy of SN and TC, and investigated the relationships between synergy of SN and severity of clinical symptoms of ASD for ASD subtypes. Two ASD subtypes were revealed, where the synergy of SN in ASD subtype 1 has lower stability and periodicity compared to the TC, and ASD subtype 2 exhibits the opposite alteration. Synergy of SN for ASD subtype 1 and 2 was found to predict the severity of communication impairments and restricted and repetitive behaviors in ASD, respectively. These results suggest the existence of subtypes with distinct patterns of the synergy of SN in ASD, and provide insight into the complex pathophysiological mechanism of clinical manifestations of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Guo
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Guangjin Zhai
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Dong Cui
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Rongjuan Zhou
- Finance Department, Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Le Gao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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32
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Gu Z, Dawson G, Engelhard M. Sex differences in the age of childhood autism diagnosis and the impact of co-occurring conditions. Autism Res 2023; 16:2391-2402. [PMID: 37909391 PMCID: PMC10872618 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in the age of autism diagnosis during childhood have been documented consistently but remain poorly understood. In this study, we used electronic health records data from a diverse, academic medical center to quantify differences in the age of autism diagnosis between boys and girls and identify associations between the age of diagnosis and co-occurring neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and medical conditions. An established computable phenotype was used to identify all autism diagnoses within the Duke University Health System between 2014 and 2021. Co-occurring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses as well as visits to specific medical and supportive services were identified in the 2 years prior to the autism diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to quantify associations between diagnosis age and sex with and without controlling for the presence of each co-occurring diagnosis and visit type. Records from 1438 individuals (1142 boys and 296 girls) were included. Girls were more likely to be diagnosed either before age 3 (χ 2 = 497.720, p < 0.001) or after age 11 (χ 2 = 4.014, p = 0.047), whereas boys were more likely to be diagnosed between ages 3 and 11 (χ 2 = 5.532, p = 0.019). Visits for anxiety (χ 2 = 4.200, p = 0.040) and mood disorders (χ 2 = 7.033, p = 0.008) were more common in girls and associated with later autism diagnosis (HR = 0.615, p < 0.001; and HR = 0.493, p < 0.001). Visits for otolaryngology were more common in boys and associated with an earlier autism diagnosis (HR = 1.691, p < 0.001). After controlling for these conditions, associations between sex and diagnosis age were reduced and not statistically significant. These results show that the age of autism diagnosis differs in girls compared to boys, but these differences were neutralized when controlling for co-occurring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions prior to autism diagnosis. Understanding sex differences and the possible mediating role of other diagnoses may suggest targets for intervention to promote earlier and more equitable diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Gu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Geraldine Dawson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew Engelhard
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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33
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Rigney N, Campos-Lira E, Kirchner MK, Wei W, Belkasim S, Beaumont R, Singh S, de Vries GJ, Petrulis A. A vasopressin circuit that modulates sex-specific social interest and anxiety-like behavior in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.06.564847. [PMID: 37986987 PMCID: PMC10659331 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.564847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the largest sex differences in brain neurochemistry is the male-biased expression of the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) within the vertebrate social brain. Despite the long-standing implication of AVP in social and anxiety-like behavior, the precise circuitry and anatomical substrate underlying its control are still poorly understood. By employing optogenetic manipulation of AVP cells within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), we have unveiled a central role for these cells in promoting social investigation, with a more pronounced role in males relative to females. These cells facilitate male social investigation and anxiety-like behavior through their projections to the lateral septum (LS), an area with the highest density of sexually-dimorphic AVP fibers. Blocking the vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) in the LS eliminated stimulation-mediated increases in these behaviors. Together, these findings establish a distinct BNST AVP → LS V1aR circuit that modulates sex-specific social interest and anxiety-like behavior.
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34
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Arenella M, Matuleviciute R, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, McAlonan G, Bralten J, Murphy D. Immunogenetics of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic literature review. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:488-499. [PMID: 37717669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex and, partly, accounted by genetic factors. Nonetheless, the genetic underpinnings of ASD are poorly defined. The presence of immune dysregulations in autistic individuals, and their families, supports a role of the immune system and its genetic regulators. Albeit immune responses belong either to the innate or adaptive arms, the overall immune system genetics is broad, and encompasses a multitude of functionally heterogenous pathways which may have different influences on ASD. Hence, to gain insights on the immunogenetic underpinnings of ASD, we conducted a systematic literature review of previous immune genetic and transcription studies in ASD. We defined a list of immune genes relevant to ASD and explored their neuro-immune function. Our review confirms the presence of immunogenetic variability in ASD, accounted by inherited variations of innate and adaptive immune system genes and genetic expression changes in the blood and post-mortem brain of autistic individuals. Besides their immune function, the identified genes control neurodevelopment processes (neuronal and synaptic plasticity) and are highly expressed in pre/peri-natal periods. Hence, our synthesis bolsters the hypothesis that perturbation in immune genes may contribute to ASD by derailing the typical trajectory of neurodevelopment. Our review also helped identifying some of the limitations of prior immunogenetic research in ASD. Thus, alongside clarifying the neurodevelopment role of immune genes, we outline key considerations for future work into the aetiology of ASD and possible novel intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Arenella
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rugile Matuleviciute
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- University Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry Lab, AP-HP, Department of Addiction and Psychiatry (DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPT), France; Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- University Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry Lab, AP-HP, Department of Addiction and Psychiatry (DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPT), France; Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Liu L, Qi X, Cheng S, Meng P, Yang X, Pan C, Zhang N, Chen Y, Li C, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Cheng B, Wen Y, Jia Y, Liu H, Zhang F. Epigenetic analysis suggests aberrant cerebellum brain aging in old-aged adults with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4867-4876. [PMID: 37612365 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant aging hypothesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been proposed, and the DNA methylation (DNAm) clock, which is a cumulative evaluation of DNAm levels at age-related CpGs, could serve as a biological aging indicator. This study evaluated epigenetic brain aging of ASD and SCZ using Horvath's epigenetic clock, based on two public genome-wide DNA methylation datasets of post-mortem brain samples (NASD = 222; NSCZ = 142). Total subjects were further divided into subgroups by gender and age. The epigenetic age acceleration (AgeAccel) for each sample was calculated as the residual value resulting from the regression model and compared between groups. Results showed DNAm age has a strong correlation with chronological age in both datasets across multiple brain regions (P < 0.05). When divided into equally sized age groups, the AgeAccel of the cerebellum (CB) region from people over 45 years of age was greater compared to the control sample (AgeAccel of ASD vs control: 5.069 vs -6.249; P < 0.001). And a decelerated epigenetic aging process was observed in the CB region of individuals with SCZ aged 50-70 years (AgeAccel of SCZ vs control: -3.171 vs 2.418; P < 0.05). However, our results showed no significant difference in AgeAccel between ASD and control groups, and between SCZ and control groups in the total and gender-specific groups (P > 0.05). This study's results revealed some evidence for aberrant epigenetic CB brain aging in old-aged patients with ASD and SCZ, indicating a different pattern of CB aging in older adults with these two diseases. However, further studies of larger ASD and SCZ cohorts are necessary to make definitive conclusions on this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Peilin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Xuena Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Chuyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Chune Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Jingxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China.
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
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Zhu H, Guan A, Liu J, Peng L, Zhang Z, Wang S. Noteworthy perspectives on microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:223. [PMID: 37794488 PMCID: PMC10548593 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood-brain barrier architecture, and intriguingly, the regulation of emotions and behaviors. Microglia have a profound impact on neuronal survival, brain wiring and synaptic plasticity. As professional phagocytic cells in the brain, they remove dead cell debris and neurotoxic agents via an elaborate mechanism. The functional profile of microglia varies considerately depending on age, gender, disease context and other internal or external environmental factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders, including negative affection, social deficit, compulsive behavior, fear memory, pain and other symptoms associated with major depression disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In this review, we summarized the latest discoveries regarding microglial ontogeny, cell subtypes or state spectrum, biological functions and mechanistic underpinnings of emotional and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of microglia-targeted therapies of neuropsychiatric disorders, and propose outstanding questions to be addressed in future research of human microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Ao Guan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Gerber AH, Kang E, Nahmias AS, Libsack EJ, Simson C, Lerner MD. Predictors of Treatment Response to a Community-Delivered Group Social Skills Intervention for Youth with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3741-3754. [PMID: 35904648 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Group social skills interventions (GSSIs) are among the most commonly used treatments for improving social competence in youth with ASD, however, results remain variable. The current study examined predictors of treatment response to an empirically-supported GSSI for youth with ASD delivered in the community (Ntotal=75). Participants completed a computer-based emotion recognition task and their parents completed measures of broad psychopathology, ASD symptomatology, and social skills. We utilized generalized estimating equations in an ANCOVA-of-change framework to account for nesting. Results indicate differential improvements in emotion recognition by sex as well as ADHD-specific improvements in adaptive functioning. Youth with both co-occurring anxiety and ADHD experienced iatrogenic effects, suggesting that SDARI may be most effective for youth with ASD without multiple co-occurring issues. Findings provide important directions for addressing variability in treatment outcomes for youth with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Gerber
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 11794-2500, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Erin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 11794-2500, Stony Brook, New York, United States
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Little Falls, New Jersey, United States
| | - Allison S Nahmias
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Erin J Libsack
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 11794-2500, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Caitlin Simson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 11794-2500, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Matthew D Lerner
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 11794-2500, Stony Brook, New York, United States.
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Oates M, Bean A. Intersecting effects of sex/gender and autism on structural language: A scoping review. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:1876-1890. [PMID: 36737874 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221151095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Research about autism is mostly about boys and men, even though many autistic people are girls, women, and transgender/nonbinary. We wanted to learn more about how gender interacts with language skills in autistic people, so we reviewed existing research articles on this topic. We also wanted to know how this previous research talked about gender. Included articles had to measure language skills for autistic people of different genders. They also had to be published between 2000 and 2021. Twenty-four articles met these requirements. We found that autistic girls showed better language skills than autistic boys but worse skills than nonautistic girls. This may be one reason that autistic girls are underdiagnosed compared to autistic boys. If we compare autistic girls to nonautistic girls instead, we can see more language differences and possible areas to target in interventions. This study supports the need to create diagnostic and support measures for autism that take gender into account. Also, only one article mentioned autistic people who are transgender or nonbinary. Researchers who want to learn more about gender and autism need to understand gender diversity and recognize that many autistic people are transgender or nonbinary.
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Torske T, Nærland T, Quintana DS, Hypher RE, Kaale A, Høyland AL, Hope S, Johannessen J, Øie MG, Andreassen OA. Sex as a Moderator Between Parent Ratings of Executive Dysfunction and Social Difficulties in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3847-3859. [PMID: 35838825 PMCID: PMC10499744 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Girls and boys might differ in autistic symptoms and associated cognitive difficulties such as executive function (EF). We investigated sex differences in the relationship between parent rated EF and autistic symptoms in 116 children and adolescents (25 girls) aged 5-19 years with an intelligence quotient above 70 and an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. They were rated with the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF) and the autism diagnostic interview revised (ADI-R). We found a positive association between EF and the ADI-R domains of reciprocal social interaction (p < 0.001) and communication (p = 0.001) in girls, while these relationships were small and non-significant in boys. Our results provide a greater understanding of the sex-specific characteristics of children and adolescents with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Torske
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Postboks 800, 3004, Drammen, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Terje Nærland
- NevSom Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel S Quintana
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NevSom Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Elizabeth Hypher
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anett Kaale
- NevSom Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Høyland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrun Hope
- NORMENT, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Johannessen
- NevSom Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete G Øie
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Breddemann A, Schilbach L, Kunerl E, Witzmann M, Schuwerk T. [Gender Differences in Autism Diagnostics]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2023; 50:299-307. [PMID: 37146640 DOI: 10.1055/a-2043-9812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is predominantly diagnosed in boys and men. There is evidence that this is also because girls and women with ASC don't receive a diagnosis, or, if they do, only later in life. This study investigates gender differences in diagnosis, support needs, mental health, and life satisfaction among individuals with autism spectrum condition (ASC) in Germany. Data of an online questionnaire study with 659 persons with ASC from 3-67 years of age living in Bavaria, Germany, were analyzed (215 thereof were female). It was found that women with ASC are diagnosed 7-11 years later than men and are more likely to receive at least one misdiagnosis. They are more likely than men to have unmet educational support needs and comorbid internalizing psychiatric disorders. The results of this study point towards a strong gender bias in clinical diagnosis of ASC in Germany and need for improvements in the case of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Breddemann
- MUNIK - Münchner Universitäres Institut für Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Leonhard Schilbach
- Munich Center for Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Psychiatrie, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf - Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
| | - Eva Kunerl
- Pädagogik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Markus Witzmann
- Fakultät für angewandte Sozialwissenschaften, Hochschule München
| | - Tobias Schuwerk
- MUNIK - Münchner Universitäres Institut für Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Chen WX, Liu X, Huang Z, Guo C, Feng F, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Zheng K, Huang J, Yu J, Wei W, Liang S. Autistic clinical profiles, age at first concern, and diagnosis among children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1211684. [PMID: 37663609 PMCID: PMC10469837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1211684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the relationship between autistic clinical profiles and age at first concern and diagnosis among children with autism spectrum disorder. The clinical profiles included the severity of autism, cognition, adaptability, language development, and regression. Methods The multivariate linear regression model was used to examine the association of diagnostic age and first-concern age with autistic clinical profiles and with further stratification analysis. Results A total of 801 autistic children were included. Language delay and regression were associated with earlier diagnostic age (language delay: crudeβ: -0.80, 95%CI%: -0.92--0.68; regression: crudeβ: -0.21, 95%CI%: -0.43--0.00) and the age of first concern of autistic children (language delay: crudeβ: -0.55, 95%CI%: -0.65--0.45; regression: crudeβ: -0.17, 95%CI%: -0.34--0.00). After stratification by sex, language delay tended to be more associated with the earlier diagnostic age among boys (crudeβ: -0.85, 95%CI%: -0.98--0.72) than among girls (crudeβ: -0.46, 95%CI%: -0.77--0.16). After stratification by maternal education level or family income level, language delay was most associated with the earlier diagnostic age in autistic children from families with higher socioeconomic levels. Conclusion Language delay, rather than other symptoms, promoted an earlier diagnostic age. Among male autistic children or children from families with higher socioeconomic levels, language delay was most significantly associated with an earlier age of diagnosis. Cognitive delay, or adaptive delay, was associated with a later age at diagnosis and presented only in autistic children from families with lower socioeconomic levels. There may be sex or socioeconomic inequality in the diagnostic age for autistic children. More publicity and public education about the diversity of autistic symptoms are urgently needed in the future, especially for low-socioeconomic families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Child Psychology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhifang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kelu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Child Psychology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Wei
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Child Psychology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Liang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Cuppens T, Shatto J, Mangnier L, Kumar AA, Ng ACH, Kaur M, Bui TA, Leclercq M, Droit A, Dunham I, Bolduc FV. Sex difference contributes to phenotypic diversity in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1172154. [PMID: 37609366 PMCID: PMC10441218 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1172154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Gain a better understanding of sex-specific differences in individuals with global developmental delay (GDD), with a focus on phenotypes and genotypes. Methods Using the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) dataset, we extracted phenotypic information from 6,588 individuals with GDD and then identified statistically significant variations in phenotypes and genotypes based on sex. We compared genes with pathogenic variants between sex and then performed gene network and molecular function enrichment analysis and gene expression profiling between sex. Finally, we contrasted individuals with autism as an associated condition. Results We identified significantly differentially expressed phenotypes in males vs. females individuals with GDD. Autism and macrocephaly were significantly more common in males whereas microcephaly and stereotypies were more common in females. Importantly, 66% of GDD genes with pathogenic variants overlapped between both sexes. In the cohort, males presented with only slightly increased X-linked genes (9% vs. 8%, respectively). Individuals from both sexes harbored a similar number of pathogenic variants overall (3) but females presented with a significantly higher load for GDD genes with high intolerance to loss of function. Sex difference in gene expression correlated with genes identified in a sex specific manner. While we identified sex-specific GDD gene mutations, their pathways overlapped. Interestingly, individuals with GDD but also co-morbid autism phenotypes, we observed distinct mutation load, pathways and phenotypic presentation. Conclusion Our study shows for the first time that males and females with GDD present with significantly different phenotypes. Moreover, while most GDD genes overlapped, some genes were found uniquely in each sex. Surprisingly they shared similar molecular functions. Sorting genes by predicted tolerance to loss of function (pLI) led to identifying an increased mutation load in females with GDD, suggesting potentially a tolerance to GDD genes of higher pLI compared to overall GDD genes. Finally, we show that considering associated conditions (for instance autism) may influence the genomic underpinning found in individuals with GDD and highlight the importance of comprehensive phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Cuppens
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Département de Médecine Moléculaire de L'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Shatto
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Loïc Mangnier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Département de Médecine Moléculaire de L'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ajay A. Kumar
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI); Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Cheuk-Him Ng
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Truong An Bui
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mickael Leclercq
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Département de Médecine Moléculaire de L'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Département de Médecine Moléculaire de L'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ian Dunham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI); Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Francois V. Bolduc
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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43
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Al-Jabri B, Alnuwaiser S, Abdulghaffar H, Almuhanna R, Salaam S, Brika R, Addas A, Bedaiwi H. Healthcare Experience of Pediatric Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:452-461. [PMID: 37606446 PMCID: PMC10443268 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face several challenges in the healthcare setting. This study defines the challenges experienced by children with autism in hospitals in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire for guardians of autistic children in outpatient clinics, autism support groups, and rehabilitation centers. A total of 199 participants were included. The medical procedures causing the most anxiety to children were injections and getting their blood drawn (68.3%), vital sign measurement (41.6%), and height and weight measurement (37.8%). Long waiting hours (44.1%), increased sensory stimuli (33.2%), and overcrowding of hospital staff (27.9%) were stress-inducing in the healthcare environment. The guardians recommended that loud noises (44.7%), crowdedness (41.2%), and long waiting hours (42.1%) be avoided. The nonverbal children experienced significantly higher levels (p < 0.001) of agitation, irritability, and outbursts during doctor visits than their verbal counterparts. The children with intellectual disabilities were more tense and unresponsive during doctor visits (33.3%) than their intellectually able counterparts, who more frequently were calm and responsive (44.9%) during visits. Most patients with ASD face hardships during hospital visits. Nonverbal patients and those with intellectual disabilities have a higher tendency for hospital setting anxiety-induced outbursts, which may be eased by avoiding loud noise and overcrowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Al-Jabri
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sara Alnuwaiser
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Abdulghaffar
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Almuhanna
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Salaam
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raval Brika
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Addas
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Bedaiwi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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44
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Belcher HL, Morein-Zamir S, Stagg SD, Ford RM. Shining a Light on a Hidden Population: Social Functioning and Mental Health in Women Reporting Autistic Traits But Lacking Diagnosis. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3118-3132. [PMID: 35593995 PMCID: PMC10313531 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Female Phenotype Theory (FPT) suggests that autistic women often present with less obvious social impairments than autistic men. We examined the possibility of an exaggerated female phenotype among undiagnosed but probably autistic women. In two nationwide online surveys, we compared self-reported social functioning and mental health between diagnosed autistic women and women without diagnosis who scored ≥ 32 on the Autism Quotient. Compared to diagnosed autistic women, probably autistic women had higher empathy and general social functioning, and were more likely to have received a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder. Autistic women had typically received more mental health diagnoses prior to their ASC diagnosis than autistic men. These findings shed light on the history of misdiagnosis experienced by many autistic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Belcher
- IOPPN, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, UK.
| | - Sharon Morein-Zamir
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Steven D Stagg
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Ruth M Ford
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
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45
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Abstract
The sex difference in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be magnified by sex differences on diagnostic measures. The current study compared autistic males and females on items on the gold-standard diagnostic measure, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2). In a sample of 8-to-17-year old autistic individuals from research (n = 229) and clinical settings (n = 238), females were less likely to show atypicalities on most items related to social-communication behaviors and on total and subscale scores. When controlling for overall intensity of symptomatology, no sex differences survived statistical corrections. Diagnostic criteria and/or gold-standard assessments may be less sensitive to female presentations of ASD and/or autistic females may exhibit fewer or less intense behaviors characteristic of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Rea
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Science Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Roald A Øien
- UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, PB 6060, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Frederick Shic
- Center On Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sara Jane Webb
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Science Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center On Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Allison B Ratto
- Children's National Medical Center, 15245 Shady Grove Road, Suite 350, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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46
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Kamhout S, Olivier JM, Morris J, Brimhall HR, Black BL, Gabrielsen TP, South M, Lundwall RA, Nielsen JA. Binocular rivalry in autistic and socially anxious adults. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1181797. [PMID: 37547197 PMCID: PMC10400451 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1181797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social anxiousness is a pervasive symptom in both social anxiety disorder and autism spectrum conditions. Binocular rivalry, which occurs when different images are presented to each eye, has been used to explore how visual and cognitive processing differs across various clinical diagnoses. Previous studies have separately explored whether individuals with autism or anxiety experience binocular rivalry in ways that are different from neurotypical individuals. Methods We applied rivalry paradigms that are similar to those used in previous studies of autism and general anxiety to individuals experiencing symptoms of social anxiousness at clinical or subclinical levels. We also incorporated rivalrous stimuli featuring neutral and emotional facial valances to explore potential overlap of social processing components in social anxiety and autism. Results We hypothesized that higher levels of social anxiousness would increase binocular rivalry switch rates and that higher levels of autistic traits would decrease switch rates. However, stimulus condition did not affect switch rates in either diagnostic group, and switch rate was not significantly predictive of dimensional measures of either autism or social anxiety. Discussion This may suggest a common mechanism for atypical visual cognition styles previously associated with social anxiety and autism. Alternatively, differences in switch rates may only emerge at higher trait levels than reported by the participants in our studies. Furthermore, these findings may be influenced by sex differences in our unique sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kamhout
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Joshua M. Olivier
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jarom Morris
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | | | - Braeden L. Black
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Terisa P. Gabrielsen
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Mikle South
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Lundwall
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jared A. Nielsen
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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47
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Messing A, Apthorp D. Autistic traits are associated with individual differences in finger tapping: an online study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15406. [PMID: 37214091 PMCID: PMC10198151 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In a novel online study, we explored whether finger tapping differences are evident in people with autistic traits in the general population. We hypothesised that those with higher autistic traits would show more impairment in finger tapping, and that age would moderate tapping output. The study included a non-diagnosed population of 159 participants aged 18-78 who completed an online measure of autistic traits (the AQ-10) and a measure of finger tapping (the FTT). Results showed those with higher AQ-10 scores recorded lower tapping scores in both hands. Moderation analysis showed younger participants with more autistic traits recorded lower tapping scores for the dominant hand. This suggests motor differences seen in autism studies are evident in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia Messing
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Apthorp
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Computing, Australian National University, Canberra, New South Wales, Australia
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48
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Cho S, Cola M, Knox A, Pelella MR, Russell A, Hauptmann A, Covello M, Cieri C, Liberman M, Schultz RT, Parish-Morris J. Sex differences in the temporal dynamics of autistic children's natural conversations. Mol Autism 2023; 14:13. [PMID: 37024960 PMCID: PMC10080787 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic girls are underdiagnosed compared to autistic boys, even when they experience similar clinical impact. Research suggests that girls present with distinct symptom profiles across a variety of domains, such as language, which may contribute to their underdiagnosis. In this study, we examine sex differences in the temporal dynamics of natural conversations between naïve adult confederates and school-aged children with or without autism, with the goal of improving our understanding of conversational behavior in autistic girls and ultimately improving identification. METHODS Forty-five school-aged children with autism (29 boys and 16 girls) and 47 non-autistic/neurotypical (NT) children (23 boys and 24 girls) engaged in a 5-min "get-to-know-you" conversation with a young adult confederate that was unaware of children's diagnostic status. Groups were matched on IQ estimates. Recordings were time-aligned and orthographically transcribed by trained annotators. Several speech and pause measures were calculated. Groups were compared using analysis of covariance models, controlling for age. RESULTS Autistic girls used significantly more words than autistic boys, and produced longer speech segments than all other groups. Autistic boys spoke more slowly than NT children, whereas autistic girls did not differ from NT children in total word counts or speaking rate. Autistic boys interrupted confederates' speech less often and produced longer between-turn pauses (i.e., responded more slowly when it was their turn) compared to other children. Within-turn pause duration did not differ by group. LIMITATIONS Our sample included verbally fluent children and adolescents aged 6-15 years, so our study results may not replicate in samples of younger children, adults, and individuals who are not verbally fluent. The results of this relatively small study, while compelling, should be interpreted with caution and replicated in a larger sample. CONCLUSION This study investigated the temporal dynamics of everyday conversations and demonstrated that autistic girls and boys have distinct natural language profiles. Specifying differences in verbal communication lays the groundwork for the development of sensitive screening and diagnostic tools to more accurately identify autistic girls, and could inform future personalized interventions that improve short- and long-term social communication outcomes for all autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghye Cho
- Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Meredith Cola
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA, 19141, USA
| | - Azia Knox
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maggie Rose Pelella
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alison Russell
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aili Hauptmann
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maxine Covello
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Cieri
- Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark Liberman
- Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Parish-Morris
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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49
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Fenske SJ, Liu J, Chen H, Diniz MA, Stephens RL, Cornea E, Gilmore JH, Gao W. Sex differences in resting state functional connectivity across the first two years of life. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101235. [PMID: 36966646 PMCID: PMC10066534 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in behavior have been reported from infancy through adulthood, but little is known about sex effects on functional circuitry in early infancy. Moreover, the relationship between early sex effects on the functional architecture of the brain and later behavioral performance remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used resting-state fMRI and a novel heatmap analysis to examine sex differences in functional connectivity with cross-sectional and longitudinal mixed models in a large cohort of infants (n = 319 neonates, 1-, and 2-year-olds). An adult dataset (n = 92) was also included for comparison. We investigated the relationship between sex differences in functional circuitry and later measures of language (collected in 1- and 2-year-olds) as well as indices of anxiety, executive function, and intelligence (collected in 4-year-olds). Brain areas showing the most significant sex differences were age-specific across infancy, with two temporal regions demonstrating consistent differences. Measures of functional connectivity showing sex differences in infancy were significantly associated with subsequent behavioral scores of language, executive function, and intelligence. Our findings provide insights into the effects of sex on dynamic neurodevelopmental trajectories during infancy and lay an important foundation for understanding the mechanisms underlying sex differences in health and disease.
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50
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Dillon EF, Kanne S, Landa RJ, Annett R, Bernier R, Bradley C, Carpenter L, Kim SH, Parish-Morris J, Schultz R, Wodka EL. Sex Differences in Autism: Examining Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Children and Adolescents Enrolled in a National ASD Cohort. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:1305-1318. [PMID: 34859339 PMCID: PMC9181723 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Discernment of possible sex-based variations in presentations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms is limited by smaller female samples with ASD and confounds with ASD ascertainment. A large national cohort of individuals with autism, SPARK, allowed parent report data to be leveraged to examine whether intrinsic child characteristics and extrinsic factors differentially impact males and females with ASD. Small but consistent sex differences in individuals with ASD emerged related to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with different markers for males and females. Language concerns in males may make discernment of ASD more straightforward, while early motor concerns in females may hamper diagnosis as such delays are not identified within traditional ASD diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Dillon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Autism Assessment Research Training and Service (AARTS), Center at RUSH University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Kanne
- Thompson Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca J Landa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Annett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Raphael Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Bradley
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Laura Carpenter
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - So Hyun Kim
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Clinical Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Parish-Morris
- Center for Autism and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Robert's Center for Pediatric Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Schultz
- Center for Autism and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ericka L Wodka
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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